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Kotani K, Ngako Kadji FM, Mandai Y, Hiraoka Y. Backflow reduction in local injection therapy with gelatin formulations. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2329100. [PMID: 38515401 PMCID: PMC10962293 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2329100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The local injection of therapeutic drugs, including cells, oncolytic viruses and nucleic acids, into different organs is an administrative route used to achieve high drug exposure at the site of action. However, after local injection, material backflow and side effect reactions can occur. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of gelatin on backflow reduction in local injection. Gelatin particles (GPs) and hydrolyzed gelatin (HG) were injected into tissue models, including versatile training tissue (VTT), versatile training tissue tumor-in type (VTT-T), and broiler chicken muscles (BCM), using needle gauges between 23 G and 33 G. The backflow material fluid was collected with filter paper, and the backflow fluid rate was determined. The backflow rate was significantly reduced with 35 μm GPs (p value < .0001) at different concentrations up to 5% and with 75 μm GPs (p value < .01) up to 2% in the tissue models. The reduction in backflow with HG of different molecular weights showed that lower-molecular-weight HG required a higher-concentration dose (5% to 30%) and that higher-molecular-weight HG required a lower-concentration dose (7% to 8%). The backflow rate was significantly reduced with the gelatin-based formulation, in regard to the injection volumes, which varied from 10 μL to 100 μL with VTT or VTT-T and from 10 μL to 200 μL with BCM. The 35 μm GPs were injectable with needles of small gauges, which included 33 G, and the 75 μm GPs and HG were injectable with 27 G needles. The backflow rate was dependent on an optimal viscosity of the gelatin solutions. An optimal concentration of GPs or HG can prevent material backflow in local injection, and further studies with active drugs are necessary to investigate the applicability in tumor and organ injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kotani
- Department of Biomedical, R&D C-enter, Nitta Gelatin, Inc, Yao City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinobu Mandai
- Department of Biomedical, R&D C-enter, Nitta Gelatin, Inc, Yao City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hiraoka
- Department of Biomedical, R&D C-enter, Nitta Gelatin, Inc, Yao City, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Lee CY, Chang YC, Yang KC, Lin YF, Wu ATH, Tseng CL. Development and functional evaluation of a hyaluronic acid coated nano-formulation with kaempferol as a novel intra-articular agent for Knee Osteoarthritis treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116717. [PMID: 38749179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) involves articular cartilage degradation driven mainly by inflammation. Kaempferol (KM), known for its anti-inflammatory property, holds potential for OA treatment. This study investigated the potential of hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated gelatin nanoparticles loaded with KM (HA-KM GNP) for treating knee OA. KM was encapsulated into gelatin nanoparticles (KM GNP) and then coated with HA to form HA-KM GNPs. Physical properties were characterized, and biocompatibility and cellular uptake were assessed in rat chondrocytes. Anti-inflammatory and chondrogenic properties were evaluated using IL-1β-stimulated rat chondrocytes, compared with HA-coated nanoparticles without KM (HA GNP) and KM alone. Preclinical efficacy was tested in an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced knee OA rat model treated with intra-articular injection of HA-KM GNP. Results show spherical HA-KM GNPs (88.62 ± 3.90 nm) with positive surface charge. Encapsulation efficiency was 98.34 % with a sustained release rate of 18 % over 48 h. Non-toxic KM concentration was 2.5 μg/mL. In IL-1β-stimulated OA rat chondrocytes, HA-KM GNP significantly down-regulated RNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13, while up-regulating SOX9 compared to HA GNP, and KM. In vivo imaging demonstrated significantly higher fluorescence intensity within rat knee joints for 3 hours post HA-KM GNP injection compared with KM GNP (185.2% ± 34.1% vs. 45.0% ± 16.7%). HA-KM GNP demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing subchondral sclerosis, attenuating inflammation, inhibiting matrix degradation, restoring cartilage thickness, and reducing the severity of OA in the ACLT rat model. In conclusion, HA-KM GNP holds promise for knee OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Lee
- International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Orthopedic Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chu Chang
- International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
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3
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Yasser M, El Naggar EE, Elfar N, Teaima MH, El-Nabarawi MA, Elhabal SF. Formulation, optimization and evaluation of ocular gel containing nebivolol Hcl-loaded ultradeformable spanlastics nanovesicles: In vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100228. [PMID: 38317829 PMCID: PMC10839649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aims to improve the ocular delivery of Nebivolol HCL (NBV) belonging to the Biopharmaceutics classification system (BCSII) by using spanlastic nanovesicles (SNVs) for ophthalmic delivery and incorporating them into hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel with ketorolac tromethamine (KET) as an anti-inflammatory to improve glaucoma complications like Conjunctivitis. SNVs were prepared by ethanol injection technique using span (60) as a surfactant and labrasol as an edge activator (EA). The impact of formulation factors on SNVs properties was investigated using a Box-Behnken design. In vitro evaluations showed that the formulations (F1, F4, and F14), containing Span 60 and labrasol as EA (25%, 50%, and 25%), exhibited high EE% with low PS and high ZP and DI. Additionally, 61.72 ± 0.77%, 58.97 ± 1.44%, and 56.20 ± 2.32% of the NBV amount were released from F1, F4, and F14 after 5 h, compared to 93.94 ± 1.21% released from drug suspension. The selected formula (G1), containing F1 in combination with KET and 2% w/w HPMC, exhibited 76.36 ± 0.90% drug release after 12 h. Ex vivo Confocal laser scanning revealed a high penetration of NBV-SNVs gel that ascertained the results of the in-vitro study. In vivo studies showed a significant decrease in glaucoma compared to drug suspension, and histopathological studies showed improvement in glaucomatous eye retinal atrophy. G1 is considered a promising approach to improving ocular permeability, absorption, and anti-inflammatory activity, providing a safer alternative to current regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yasser
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Eman E. El Naggar
- Department of Pharmaceutical technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Nehal Elfar
- Department of Pharmaceutical technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H. Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sammar Fathy Elhabal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo 11571, Egypt
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4
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Ali DS, Gad HA, Hathout RM. Enhancing Effector Jurkat Cell Activity and Increasing Cytotoxicity against A549 Cells Using Nivolumab as an Anti-PD-1 Agent Loaded on Gelatin Nanoparticles. Gels 2024; 10:352. [PMID: 38920901 PMCID: PMC11202840 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The current research investigated the use of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) for enhancing the cytotoxic effects of nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor. The unique feature of GNPs is their biocompatibility and functionalization potential, improving the delivery and the efficacy of immunotherapeutic drugs with fewer side effects compared to traditional treatments. This exploration of GNPs represents an innovative direction in the advancement of nanomedicine in oncology. Nivolumab-loaded GNPs were prepared and characterized. The optimum formulation had a particle size of 191.9 ± 0.67 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.027 ± 0.02, and drug entrapment of 54.67 ± 3.51%. A co-culture experiment involving A549 target cells and effector Jurkat cells treated with free nivolumab solution, and nivolumab-loaded GNPs, demonstrated that the latter had significant improvements in inhibition rate by scoring 87.88 ± 2.47% for drug-loaded GNPs against 60.53 ± 3.96% for the free nivolumab solution. The nivolumab-loaded GNPs had a lower IC50 value, of 0.41 ± 0.01 µM, compared to free nivolumab solution (1.22 ± 0.37 µM) at 72 h. The results indicate that administering nivolumab-loaded GNPs augmented the cytotoxicity against A549 cells by enhancing effector Jurkat cell activity compared to nivolumab solution treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia S. Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Central Administration of Biological, Innovative Products and Clinical Studies, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza 11566, Egypt
| | - Heba A. Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania M. Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Kumara BN, Shambhu R, Shim YB, Nirmal J, Prasad KS. Development of mucoadhesive Timolol loaded chitosan-nanocomposite to treat glaucoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126917. [PMID: 37716661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Timolol Maleate is an aqueous soluble β-blocker antiglaucoma drug used to suppress intraocular pressure. Several commercially available ocular formulations are not effective in delivering to the target site due to their water-soluble property and low mucoadhesiveness. Hence, there is a requirement for a highly mucoadhesive drug-loaded nanocomposite to suppress intraocular pressure with enhanced bioavailability. Herein, we have prepared a mucoadhesive Timolol-loaded graphene quantum dot-chitosan-nanocomposite to treat glaucoma in response to lysozyme, secreted in the tear fluid. The as-prepared nanocomposite has been characterized through high resolution-transmission electron microscopic, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectral studies. The nanocomposite showed 93.74 % encapsulation efficiency with a loading capacity of 7.73 %. Further, 89.26 %, 95.62 %, and 99.29 % of drug release were observed from the nanocomposite in the presence of 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/mL of lysozyme. The mucoadhesion property has been confirmed by the increment in the particle size, fluorescence spectral variations, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies in the presence of mucin nanoparticles of size 291 nm. Interestingly, mucoadhesion has been demonstrated by pointing to the quenching in the luminescence of mucin. Further, in vitro biocompatibility assay on human corneal epithelial cells showed ≥80 % cell viability. Hence, this study offers the utilization of naturally secreting enzymes for drug delivery applications instead of uncontrolled pH and temperature-triggered releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Kumara
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory [NMRL], Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - R Shambhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jayabalan Nirmal
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory (TPRL), Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - K Sudhakara Prasad
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory [NMRL], Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India; Centre for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya [Deemed to be University], Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, India.
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6
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Rasool M, Mazhar D, Afzal I, Zeb A, Khan S, Ali H. In vitro and in vivo characterization of Miconazole Nitrate loaded transethosomes for the treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123563. [PMID: 37907141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate Miconazole Nitrate transethosomes (MCZN TESs) embedded in chitosan-based gel for the topical treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis. A thin film hydration method was employed to formulate MCZN TESs. The prepared MCZN TESs were optimized and analyzed for their physicochemical properties including particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (%EE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), deformability, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro release, skin permeation and deposition, skin irritation, antifungal assay, and in vivo efficacy against infected rats were evaluated. The optimized MCZN TESs showed PS of 224.8 ± 5.1 nm, ZP 21.1 ± 1.10 mV, PDI 0.207 ± 0.009, and % EE 94.12 ± 0.101 % with sustained drug release profile. Moreover, MCZN TESs Gel exhibited desirable pH, spreadability, and viscosity. Notably, the penetration and deposition capabilities of MCZN TESs Gel showed a 4-fold enhancement compared to MCZN TESs. Importantly, in vitro antifungal assay elaborated MCZN TESs Gel anti-fungal activity was 2.38-fold more compared to MCZN Gel. In vivo, studies showed a 1.5 times reduction in the duration of treatment MCZN TESs Gel treated animal group. Therefore, studies demonstrated that MCZN TESs could be a suitable drug delivery system with higher penetration and good antifungal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Danish Mazhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Afzal
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Zeb
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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7
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Madkhali OA. Drug Delivery of Gelatin Nanoparticles as a Biodegradable Polymer for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases: Perspectives and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4327. [PMID: 37960007 PMCID: PMC10648051 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) for the treatment of infectious diseases. The inherent properties of these nanoparticles make them attractive options for drug delivery. Their biocompatibility ensures that they can interact with biological systems without causing adverse reactions, while their biodegradability ensures that they can break down harmlessly in the body once their function is performed. Furthermore, their capacity for controlled drug release ensures that therapeutic agents can be delivered over a sustained period, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy. This review examines the current landscape of GNP-based drug delivery, with a specific focus on its potential applications and challenges in the context of infectious diseases. Key challenges include controlling drug release rates, ensuring nanoparticle stability under physiological conditions, scaling up production while maintaining quality, mitigating potential immunogenic reactions, optimizing drug loading efficiency, and tracking the biodistribution and clearance of GNPs in the body. Despite these hurdles, GNPs hold promising potential in the realm of infectious disease treatment. Ongoing research and innovation are essential to overcome these obstacles and completely harness the potential of GNPs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Madkhali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45124, Saudi Arabia
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Hosseini MS, Mohseni M, Naseripour M, Mirzaei M, Bagherzadeh K, Alemezadeh SA, Mehravi B. Synthesis and evaluation of modified lens using plasma treatment containing timolol-maleate loaded lauric acid-decorated chitosan-alginate nanoparticles for glaucoma. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:1793-1812. [PMID: 36872905 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2187204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) with eye drops is one of the most common ways to control glaucoma. Low bioavailability and high frequency of administration in eye drops are major challenges in ocular pharmacotherapy. Contact lenses have attracted the attention of scientists in recent decades as an alternative method. In this study, with the aim of long-term drug delivery and better patient compatibility, contact lenses with surface modification and nanoparticles were used. In this study, timolol-maleate was loaded into polymeric nanoparticles made of chitosan conjugate with lauric acid and sodium alginate. Then silicon matrix was mixed with a curing agent (10:1), and the suspension of nanoparticles was added to the precursor and cured. Finally, for surface modification, the lenses were irradiated with oxygen plasma at different exposure times (30, 60, and 150 s) and soaked in different BSA concentrations (1, 3, and 5% w/v). The results showed nanoparticles with a size of 50 nm and a spherical shape were synthesized. The best surface modification of the lenses was for 5 (% w/v) albumin concentration and 150 s exposure time, which had the highest increase in hydrophilicity. Drug release from nanoparticles continued for 3 days and this amount increased to 6 days after dispersion in the modified lens matrix. The drug model and kinetic study show the Higuchi model completely supported the release profile. This study represents the novel drug delivery system to control intra-ocular pressure as a candidate platform for glaucoma treatment. Improved compatibility and drug release from the designed contact lenses would prepare new insight into the mentioned disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sadat Hosseini
- Medical Nanotechnology Department, Advanced Technologies Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Mohseni
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Naseripour
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Deputy Ministry for Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bagherzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bita Mehravi
- Medical Nanotechnology Department, Advanced Technologies Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical, Tehran, Iran
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El Zaafarany GM, Hathout RM, Ibrahim SS. Nanocarriers significantly augment the absorption of ocular-delivered drugs: A comparative meta-analysis study. Int J Pharm 2023; 642:123204. [PMID: 37406947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a meta-analysis that compiles information collected from several studies aiming to prove, by evidence, that nanocarriers out-perform conventional formulations in augmenting the bioavailability of ocular topically administered drugs. Data was further categorized into two subgroups; polymeric-based nanocarriers versus their lipid-based counterparts, as well as, naturally-driven carriers versus synthetically-fabricated ones. After normalization, the pharmacokinetic factor, area under the curve (AUC), was denoted as the "effect" in the conducted study, and the corresponding Forest plots were obtained. Our meta-analysis study confirmed the absorption enhancement effect of loading drugs into nanocarriers as compared to conventional topical ocular dosage forms. Interestingly, no significant differences were recorded between the polymeric and lipidic nanocarriers included in the study, while naturally-driven nanoplatforms were proven superior to the synthetic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M El Zaafarany
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Milano F, Masi A, Madaghiele M, Sannino A, Salvatore L, Gallo N. Current Trends in Gelatin-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051499. [PMID: 37242741 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin is a highly versatile natural polymer, which is widely used in healthcare-related sectors due to its advantageous properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low-cost, and the availability of exposed chemical groups. In the biomedical field, gelatin is used also as a biomaterial for the development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to its applicability to several synthesis techniques. In this review, after a brief overview of its chemical and physical properties, the focus is placed on the commonly used techniques for the development of gelatin-based micro- or nano-sized DDSs. We highlight the potential of gelatin as a carrier of many types of bioactive compounds and its ability to tune and control select drugs' release kinetics. The desolvation, nanoprecipitation, coacervation, emulsion, electrospray, and spray drying techniques are described from a methodological and mechanistic point of view, with a careful analysis of the effects of the main variable parameters on the DDSs' properties. Lastly, the outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies involving gelatin-based DDSs are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Milano
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Annalia Masi
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca Salvatore
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Typeone Biomaterials Srl, Via Europa 113, 73021 Calimera, Italy
| | - Nunzia Gallo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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11
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Li L, Jia F, Wang Y, Liu J, Tian Y, Sun X, Lei Y, Ji J. Trans-corneal drug delivery strategies in the treatment of ocular diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114868. [PMID: 37182700 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The cornea is a remarkable tissue that possesses specialized structures designed to safeguard the eye against foreign objects. However, its unique properties also make it challenging to deliver drugs in a non-invasive manner. This review highlights recent advancements in achieving highly efficient drug transport across the cornea, focusing on nanomaterials. We have classified these strategies into three main categories based on their mechanisms and have analyzed their success and limitations in a systematic manner. The purpose of this review is to examine potential general principles that could improve drug penetration through the cornea and other natural barriers in the eye. We hope it will inspire the development of more effective drug delivery systems that can better treat ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Key Laboratory of Myopia of Ministry of Health, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Fan Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Youxiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Key Laboratory of Myopia of Ministry of Health, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Yi Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Key Laboratory of Myopia of Ministry of Health, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Key Laboratory of Myopia of Ministry of Health, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
| | - Yuan Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Key Laboratory of Myopia of Ministry of Health, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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12
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Uner B, Ozdemir S, Nur Pilevne S, Rıza Cenk Celebi A. Timolol-loaded ethosomes for ophthalmic delivery: Reduction of high intraocular pressure in vivo. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123021. [PMID: 37149109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The beta-adrenoceptor blocker timolol maleate (TML) is a commonly used pharmaceutical agent for the management of glaucoma. Conventional eye drops have limitations due to biological or pharmaceutical factors. Therefore, TML-loaded ethosomes have been designed to mitigate these restrictions and give a viable solution for reducing elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The ethosomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method. Integrating the Box-Behnken experimental strategy, the optimal formulation was identified. The physicochemical characterization studies were performed on the optimal formulation. Then, in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies were conducted. The irritation assessment was also carried out with Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane model (HET-CAM), and in vivo evaluation of the IOP lowering effect was also performed on rats. The physicochemical characterization studies demonstrated that the components of the formulation were compatible with each other. The particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) were found as 88.23 ± 1.25 nm, -28.7 ± 2.03 mV, and 89.73 ± 0.42 %, respectively. The in vitro drug release mechanism was found as Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics (R2=0.9923). The HET-CAM findings verified the formulation's eligibility for biological applications. The IOP measurements revealed no statistical difference (p>0.05) between the once-a-day application of the optimal formulation and the three-times-a-day application of the conventional eye drop. A similar pharmacological response was observed at lowered application frequencies. Therefore, it was concluded that the novel TML-loaded ethosomes could be a safe and efficient alternative for glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Uner
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey; University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samet Ozdemir
- Istanbul Health and Technology University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seniz Nur Pilevne
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Rıza Cenk Celebi
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Mirjalili F, Mahmoodi M. Controlled release of protein from gelatin/chitosan hydrogel containing platelet-rich fibrin encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles for accelerated wound healing in an animal model. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:588-604. [PMID: 36403766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The physiological healing process is disrupted in many cases using the current wound healing procedures, resulting in delayed wound healing. Hydrogel wound dressings provide a moist environment to enhance granulation tissue and epithelium formation in the wound area. However, exudate accumulation, bacterial proliferation, and reduced levels of growth factors are difficulties of hydrogel dressings. Here, we loaded platelet-rich fibrin-chitosan (CH-PRF) nanoparticles into the gelatin-chitosan hydrogel (Gel-CH/CH-PRF) by solvent mixing method. Our goal was to evaluate the characteristics of hydrogel dressings, sustained release of proteins from the hydrogel dressing containing PRF, and reduction in the risk of infection by the bacteria in the wound area. The Gel-CH/CH-PRF hydrogel showed excellent swelling behavior, good porosity, proper specific surface area, high absorption of wound exudates, and proper vapor permeability rate (2023 g/m 2.day), which provided requisite moisture without dehydration around the wound area. Thermal behavior and the protein release from the hydrogels were investigated using simultaneous thermal analysis and the Bradford test, respectively. Most importantly, an excellent ability to control the release of proteins from the hydrogel dressings was observed. The high antimicrobial activity of hydrogel was confirmed using Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Due to the presence of chitosan in the hydrogels, the lowest scavenging capacity-50 value (5.82 μgmL-1) and the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (83 %) at a concentration 25 μgmL-1 for Gel-CH/CH-PRF hydrogel were observed. Also, the hydrogels revealed excellent cell viability and proliferation. The wound healing process was studied using an in vivo model of the full-thickness wound. The wound closure was significantly higher on Gel-CH/CH-PRF hydrogel compared to the control group, indicating the highest epidermis thickness, and enhancing the formation of new granulation tissue. Our findings demonstrated that Gel-CH/CH-PRF hydrogel can provide an ideal wound dressing for accelerated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirjalili
- Department of Material Engineering, Maybod Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maybod, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Mahmoodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, 8915813135, Iran; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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Belamkar A, Harris A, Zukerman R, Siesky B, Oddone F, Verticchio Vercellin A, Ciulla TA. Sustained release glaucoma therapies: Novel modalities for overcoming key treatment barriers associated with topical medications. Ann Med 2022; 54:343-358. [PMID: 35076329 PMCID: PMC8794062 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1955146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and a leading cause of irreversible blindness. The disease has conventionally been characterized by an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP); however, recent research has built the consensus that glaucoma is not only dependent on IOP but rather represents a multifactorial optic neuropathy. Although many risk factors have been identified ranging from demographics to co-morbidities to ocular structural predispositions, IOP is currently the only modifiable risk factor, most often treated by topical IOP-lowering medications. However, topical hypotensive regimens are prone to non-adherence and are largely inefficient, leading to disease progression in spite of treatment. As a result, several companies are developing sustained release (SR) drug delivery systems as alternatives to topical delivery to potentially overcome these barriers. Currently, Bimatoprost SR (DurystaTM) from Allergan plc is the only FDA-approved SR therapy for POAG. Other SR therapies under investigation include: bimatoprost ocular ring (Allergan) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01915940), iDose® (Glaukos Corporation) (NCT03519386), ENV515 (Envisia Therapeutics) (NCT02371746), OTX-TP (Ocular Therapeutix) (NCT02914509), OTX-TIC (Ocular Therapeutix) (NCT04060144), and latanoprost free acid SR (PolyActiva) (NCT04060758). Additionally, a wide variety of technologies for SR therapeutics are under investigation including ocular surface drug delivery systems such as contact lenses and nanotechnology. While challenges remain for SR drug delivery technology in POAG management, this technology may shift treatment paradigms and dramatically improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Belamkar
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alon Harris
- Department of Opthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Zukerman
- Department of Opthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Opthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brent Siesky
- Department of Opthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas A Ciulla
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Vitreoretinal Medicine and Surgery, Midwest Eye Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Abdel Azim EA, Elkheshen SA, Hathout RM, Fouly MA, El Hoffy NM. Augmented in vitro and in vivo Profiles of Brimonidine Tartrate Using Gelatinized-Core Liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2753-2776. [PMID: 35782018 PMCID: PMC9243147 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s370192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The low entrapment efficiency of the hydrophilic drugs such as brimonidine tartrate (BRT) in liposomes represents a challenge that requires interventions. Gelatinized core liposomes (GCLs) were fabricated to increase the drug entrapment, corneal penetration, and physical stability of the investigated molecule. Research Design and Methods GCLs encapsulating BRT were prepared and optimized utilizing D-optimal design (DOD). The effect of plasticizer incorporation on the physicochemical characteristics and on the in vivo performance was studied. The optimized formulations were investigated for pH, rheological properties, morphological characteristics, in vitro release profiles, biological performance, safety profile. The effects of storage and gamma sterilization were also investigated. Results The results revealed the great success of the prepared formulations to achieve high entrapment efficiency reaching 98% after a maturation period of 10 days. The addition of glycerol as plasticizer significantly minimized the particle size and shortened the maturation period to 7 days. The selected formulations were stable for 3 months after gamma sterilization. The formulations showed significant lowering of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous rabbits with sustainment of the pharmacological effect for 24 hours compared to drug solution. Conclusions Enhanced in vitro and in vivo profiles of brimonidine tartrate loaded gelatinized-core-liposomes were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy A Abdel Azim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Seham A Elkheshen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence: Rania M Hathout, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, P.O. Box: 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt, Email ;
| | - Marwa A Fouly
- Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Cairo, 12557, Egypt
| | - Nada M El Hoffy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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Bhandari M, Nguyen S, Yazdani M, Utheim TP, Hagesaether E. The Therapeutic Benefits of Nanoencapsulation in Drug Delivery to the Anterior Segment of the Eye: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903519. [PMID: 35645827 PMCID: PMC9136980 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although numerous nanoparticle formulations have been developed for ocular administration, concerns are being raised about a possible mismatch between potential promises made by the field of nanoparticle research and demonstration of actual therapeutic benefit. Therefore, the primary focus of this present review was to critically assess to what extent nanoencapsulation of ocular drugs improved the therapeutic outcome when treating conditions in the anterior segment of the eye. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases as well as Google Scholar for published peer-reviewed articles in English focusing on conventional nanoparticles used as drug delivery systems to the anterior segment of the eye in in vivo studies. The major therapeutic outcomes were intraocular pressure, tear secretion, number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and pupil size. The outcome after encapsulation was compared to the non-encapsulated drug. Results: From the search, 250 results were retrieved. Thirty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Rabbits were used as study subjects in all but one study, and the number of animals ranged from 3 to 10. Coated and uncoated liposomes, lipid-based and polymeric nanoparticles, as well as micelles, were studied, varying in both particle size and surface charge, and encapsulating a total of 24 different drugs, including 6 salts. The majority of the in vivo studies demonstrated some improvement after nanoencapsulation, but the duration of the benefit varied from less than 1 h to more than 20 h. The most common in vitro methods performed in the studies were drug release, transcorneal permeation, and mucin interaction. Discussion: Nanoparticles that are small and mucoadhesive, often due to positive surface charge, appeared beneficial. Although in vitro assays can unravel more of the hidden and sophisticated interplay between the encapsulated drug and the nanoparticle structure, they suffered from a lack of in vitro—in vivo correlation. Therefore, more research should be focused towards developing predictive in vitro models, allowing rational design and systematic optimization of ocular nanoparticles with minimal animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Bhandari
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Madhavi Bhandari,
| | - Sanko Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Hagesaether
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Khallaf AM, El-Moslemany RM, Ahmed MF, Morsi MH, Khalafallah NM. Exploring a Novel Fasudil-Phospholipid Complex Formulated as Liposomal Thermosensitive in situ Gel for Glaucoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:163-181. [PMID: 35046652 PMCID: PMC8760977 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s342975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Khallaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Riham M El-Moslemany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Correspondence: Riham M El-Moslemany Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1, Khartoum Square, Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, EgyptTel +20 1006020405 Email
| | - Mahmoud F Ahmed
- Managing Director at Ultimate Pharma Company, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Morsi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nawal M Khalafallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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18
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El-Emam GA, Girgis GNS, Hamed MF, El-Azeem Soliman OA, Abd El Gawad AEGH. Formulation and Pathohistological Study of Mizolastine-Solid Lipid Nanoparticles-Loaded Ocular Hydrogels. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7775-7799. [PMID: 34853513 PMCID: PMC8627895 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s335482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mizolastine (MZL) is a dual-action nonsedating topical antihistamine anti-inflammatory agent that is used to relieve allergic conditions, such as rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are advanced delivery system in ophthalmology, with the merits of increasing the corneal drug absorption and hence improved bioavailability with the objective of ocular drug targeting. Methods First, MZL was formulated as MZL-SLNs by hot homogenization/ultrasonication adopting a 32 full factorial design. Solid-state characterization, in vitro release, and stability studies have been performed. Then, the optimized MZL-SLNs formula has been incorporated into ocular hydrogels using 1.5% w/v Na alginate and 5% w/v polyvinylpyrrolidone K90. The gels were evaluated via in vitro release as well as in vivo studies by applying allergic conjunctivitis congestion in a rabbit-eye model. Results The optimized formula (F4) was characterized by the highest entrapment efficiency (86.5±1.47%), the smallest mean particle size (202.3±13.59 nm), and reasonable zeta potential (−22.03±3.65 mV). Solid-state characterization of the encapsulation of MZL in SLNs was undertaken. In vitro results showed a sustained release profile from MZL-SLNs up to 30 hours with a non-Fickian Higuchi kinetic model. Stability studies confirmed immutability of freeze-dried MZL-SLNs (F4) upon storage for 6 months. Finally, hydrogel formulations containing MZL-SLNs, proved ocular congestion disappearance with completely repaired conjunctiva after 24 hours. Moreover, pretreatment with MZL-SLNs–loaded hydrogel imparted markedly decreased TNF-α and VEGF-expression levels in rabbits conjunctivae compared with post-treatment with the same formula. Conclusion MZL-SLNs could be considered a promising stable sustained-release nanoparticulate system for preparing ocular hydrogel as effective antiallergy ocular delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Ahmed El-Emam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Germeen N S Girgis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Fawzy Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Liu Z, Jiao Z, Luo R, Fu J. Travoprost-loaded PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticle-laden silicone contact lens for managing glaucoma. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Wróblewska KB, Jadach B, Muszalska-Kolos I. Progress in drug formulation design and delivery of medicinal substances used in ophthalmology. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121012. [PMID: 34400274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the very low bioavailability of drugs administered to the surface of the eyeball, issues related to the formulation of an ophthalmic drug pose a technological challenge. The essence of an ophthalmic drug is the selection of an appropriate active substance (API), but also auxiliary substances that determine the desired drug quality and API availability. The ophthalmic drug is not only classic eye drops. Therefore, on the basis of the literature data, the properties and application of auxiliary substances increasing the pharmaceutical availability of API, improving the penetration of API into the eye structures and modifying the viscosity of eye drops were characterized. The possibility of chemical modification of API and the use of prodrugs in ophthalmic drug forms was also noted. Taking into account the progress in the field of ophthalmic drug formulation, the use of multi-compartment systems (lipid particles, nanoparticles, microparticles, liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers) and modern ophthalmic drug delivery systems (inserts, implants, microneedles, contact lenses, ionophoretic systems) have been indicated. Examples of solutions already used by manufacturers, as well as those in the phase of laboratory or clinical trials, were indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B Wróblewska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Barbara Jadach
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Izabela Muszalska-Kolos
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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21
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Koutsoviti M, Siamidi A, Pavlou P, Vlachou M. Recent Advances in the Excipients Used for Modified Ocular Drug Delivery. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4290. [PMID: 34361483 PMCID: PMC8347600 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In ocular drug delivery, maintaining an efficient concentration of the drug in the target area for a sufficient period of time is a challenging task. There is a pressing need for the development of effective strategies for drug delivery to the eye using recent advances in material sciences and novel approaches to drug delivery. This review summarizes the important aspects of ocular drug delivery and the factors affecting drug absorption in the eye including encapsulating excipients (chitosan, hyaluronic acid, poloxamer, PLGA, PVCL-PVA-PEG, cetalkonium chloride, and gelatin) for modified drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melitini Koutsoviti
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Angeliki Siamidi
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Panagoula Pavlou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Aesthetics and Cosmetic Science, University of West Attica, 28 Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece;
| | - Marilena Vlachou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.S.)
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22
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Sharma S, Bhatia V. Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems for Glaucoma: Experimental and In Silico Advances. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:115-125. [PMID: 32962618 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200922114210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, nanoscale-based drug delivery systems, particularly in relevance to the antiglaucoma drugs, have been discussed. In addition to that, the latest computational/in silico advances in this field are examined in brief. Using nanoscale materials for drug delivery is an ideal option to target tumours, and the drug can be released in areas of the body where traditional drugs may fail to act. Nanoparticles, polymeric nanomaterials, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), quantum dots (QDs), liposomes and graphene are the most important nanomaterials used for drug delivery. Ocular drug delivery is one of the most common and difficult tasks faced by pharmaceutical scientists because of many challenges like circumventing the blood-retinal barrier, corneal epithelium and the blood-aqueous barrier. Authors found compelling empirical evidence of scientists relying on in-silico approaches to develop novel drugs and drug delivery systems for treating glaucoma. This review in nanoscale drug delivery systems will help us understand the existing queries and evidence gaps and will pave the way for the effective design of novel ocular drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vinayak Bhatia
- ICARE Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute, Noida, UP, India
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Zhai Z, Cheng Y, Hong J. Nanomedicines for the treatment of glaucoma: Current status and future perspectives. Acta Biomater 2021; 125:41-56. [PMID: 33601065 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the global leading cause of irreversible blindness. It is a chronic progressive disorder and, therefore, often requires long-term management with drugs on patients' discretion. However, there is a shortage of antiglaucoma drugs in the current market due to their low bioavailability. This is because there are multiple biological barriers of the human eyes, thereby leading to increased demands for frequent dosage regimen per day of these drugs, which could result in concomitant side effects and eventually reduced patient compliance. Recently, nanomedicines have become optimized alternatives to conventional ophthalmic formulations due to advantages of improved barrier permeability, sustained drug release, tissue targeting, and lowered systemic absorption of instilled medications. These merits provide the active ingredients in these nanomedicines an effective manner to reach the ideal concentrations at sites of damaged nerves, offering a promising platform for neuroprotective treatment of these conditions. In this study, nanomedicines and nanomedicine-based novel strategies for pharmacotherapy of glaucoma were reviewed, including liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, and dendrimers. This article intends to offer a comprehensive review of frontier progresses as well as hotspots and issues that appeared in the field of nanomedicines, which may enable a practical flourish in the future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recent novel pharmaceutical strategies toward glaucoma, a chronic blinding ocular disease that currently requires frequent daily dosage regimen, based on nanomedicines and nanomaterials have been comprehensively reviewed in this manuscript. The collection of field hotspots and issues in the late years should offer a quick grasp of the general concept and up-to-date threads upon the refinement of existing treatment patterns for glaucoma. Meanwhile, the Conclusion and Future Perspective section given at the end of the text brings out the possible shortages and opinions in terms of ideal research direction, which hopefully could facilitate a future practical flourish in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
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Ossama M, Hathout RM, Attia DA, Mortada ND. Augmented cytotoxicity using the physical adsorption of Poloxamer 188 on allicin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:664-672. [PMID: 33772296 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to study the effect of the physically adsorbed Poloxamer 188 coating polymer on the cytotoxic activity of allicin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles. METHODS The double desolvation method was utilised to prepare the nanoparticles which were characterised for particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential and visualised using transmission electron microscopy. The coating density of the used polymer was determined using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR); 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity on HepG-2 cell lines. KEY FINDINGS The particles were spherical possessing a PS of 714 ± 25.21 nm and a PDI of 0.663 ± 0.143. These results together with the 1H-NMR results analysis confirmed the efficient coating of Poloxamer 188. The coating of particles rendered them more cytotoxic, scoring an IC50 of 6.736 µm (2-folds lower than the uncoated counter parts and 4-folds lesser than the allicin solution), and apt for cancer-targeting. Moreover, the prepared nanoparticles were stable to gamma-sterilisation and to a storage of 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Augmented cytotoxicity on HepG-2 cell lines was obtained using the physical adsorption of an abundant and relatively cheap material, Poloxamer 188, on allicin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Ossama
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahed D Mortada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Rahić O, Tucak A, Omerović N, Sirbubalo M, Hindija L, Hadžiabdić J, Vranić E. Novel Drug Delivery Systems Fighting Glaucoma: Formulation Obstacles and Solutions. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:E28. [PMID: 33375224 PMCID: PMC7824381 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is considered to be one of the biggest health problems in the world. It is the main cause of preventable blindness due to its asymptomatic nature in the early stages on the one hand and patients' non-adherence on the other. There are several approaches in glaucoma treatment, whereby this has to be individually designed for each patient. The first-line treatment is medication therapy. However, taking into account numerous disadvantages of conventional ophthalmic dosage forms, intensive work has been carried out on the development of novel drug delivery systems for glaucoma. This review aims to provide an overview of formulation solutions and strategies in the development of in situ gel systems, nanosystems, ocular inserts, contact lenses, collagen corneal shields, ocular implants, microneedles, and iontophoretic devices. The results of studies confirming the effectiveness of the aforementioned drug delivery systems were also briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognjenka Rahić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.T.); (M.S.); (L.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Amina Tucak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.T.); (M.S.); (L.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Naida Omerović
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Merima Sirbubalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.T.); (M.S.); (L.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Lamija Hindija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.T.); (M.S.); (L.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Jasmina Hadžiabdić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.T.); (M.S.); (L.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Edina Vranić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.T.); (M.S.); (L.H.); (J.H.)
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Uniting Electroceutical and Cosmeceutical Interventions in Combating Coronavirus Using Ԑ-Poly-l-Lysine. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combating the COVID-19 pandemic warrants the exploitation of all the available tools and implies a major focus on both the biological and the physical properties of the causing virus (SARS-CoV2). We hereby introduce a new prophylaxis hypothesis by decreasing the viral load in the body entrances such as the nose and the mouth using pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical preparations that incorporate viral electrostatic repulsive nanofibers fabricated from an abundant marine-derived or a fermentation product polymer; Ԑ-poly-l-lysine was prepared using the electrospinning technique.
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Castro-Balado A, Mondelo-García C, Varela-Rey I, Moreda-Vizcaíno B, Sierra-Sánchez JF, Rodríguez-Ares MT, Hermelo-Vidal G, Zarra-Ferro I, González-Barcia M, Yebra-Pimentel E, Giráldez-Fernández MJ, Otero-Espinar FJ, Fernández-Ferreiro A. Recent Research in Ocular Cystinosis: Drug Delivery Systems, Cysteamine Detection Methods and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1177. [PMID: 33287176 PMCID: PMC7761701 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystinosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of cystine crystals in different tissues and organs. Although renal damage prevails during initial stages, the deposition of cystine crystals in the cornea causes severe ocular manifestations. At present, cysteamine is the only topical effective treatment for ocular cystinosis. The lack of investment by the pharmaceutical industry, together with the limited stability of cysteamine, make it available only as two marketed presentations (Cystaran® and Cystadrops®) and as compounding formulations prepared in pharmacy departments. Even so, new drug delivery systems (DDSs) need to be developed, allowing more comfortable dosage schedules that favor patient adherence. In the last decades, different research groups have focused on the development of hydrogels, nanowafers and contact lenses, allowing a sustained cysteamine release. In parallel, different determination methods and strategies to increase the stability of the formulations have also been developed. This comprehensive review aims to compile all the challenges and advances related to new cysteamine DDSs, analytical determination methods, and possible future therapeutic alternatives for treating cystinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Castro-Balado
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.M.-G.); (I.V.-R.); (I.Z.-F.); (M.G.-B.)
- Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Cristina Mondelo-García
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.M.-G.); (I.V.-R.); (I.Z.-F.); (M.G.-B.)
- Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Iria Varela-Rey
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.M.-G.); (I.V.-R.); (I.Z.-F.); (M.G.-B.)
- Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Moreda-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Jesús F. Sierra-Sánchez
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital de Jerez de la Frontera, Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - María Teresa Rodríguez-Ares
- Ophthalmology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Gonzalo Hermelo-Vidal
- Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Irene Zarra-Ferro
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.M.-G.); (I.V.-R.); (I.Z.-F.); (M.G.-B.)
- Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Miguel González-Barcia
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.M.-G.); (I.V.-R.); (I.Z.-F.); (M.G.-B.)
- Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Eva Yebra-Pimentel
- Department of Applied Physics, Optometry, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.Y.-P.); (M.J.G.-F.)
| | - María Jesús Giráldez-Fernández
- Department of Applied Physics, Optometry, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.Y.-P.); (M.J.G.-F.)
| | - Francisco J. Otero-Espinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.M.-G.); (I.V.-R.); (I.Z.-F.); (M.G.-B.)
- Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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In-vitro and ex-vivo characterization of novel mannosylated gelatin nanoparticles of linezolid by quality-by-design approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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El Hoffy NM, Abdel Azim EA, Hathout RM, Fouly MA, Elkheshen SA. Glaucoma: Management and Future Perspectives for Nanotechnology-Based Treatment Modalities. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 158:105648. [PMID: 33227347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma, being asymptomatic for relatively late stage, is recognized as a worldwide cause of irreversible vision loss. The eye is an impervious organ that exhibits natural anatomical and physiological barriers which renders the design of an efficient ocular delivery system a formidable task and challenge scientists to find alternative formulation approaches. In the field of glaucoma treatment, smart delivery systems for targeting have aroused interest in the topical ocular delivery field owing to its potentiality to oppress many treatment challenges associated with many of glaucoma types. The current momentum of nano-pharmaceuticals, in the development of advanced drug delivery systems, hold promises for much improved therapies for glaucoma to reduce its impact on vision loss. In this review, a brief about glaucoma; its etiology, predisposing factors and different treatment modalities has been reviewed. The diverse ocular drug delivery systems currently available or under investigations have been presented. Additionally, future foreseeing of new drug delivery systems that may represent potential means for more efficient glaucoma management are overviewed. Finally, a gab-analysis for the required investigation to pave the road for commercialization of ocular novel-delivery systems based on the nano-technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M El Hoffy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt
| | - Engy A Abdel Azim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt
| | - Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Seham A Elkheshen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kelada M, Hill D, Yap TE, Manzar H, Cordeiro MF. Innovations and revolutions in reducing retinal ganglion cell loss in glaucoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2021.1835470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kelada
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London NW1 5QH, UK
| | - Daniel Hill
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Timothy E. Yap
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London NW1 5QH, UK
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), London, UK
| | - Haider Manzar
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London NW1 5QH, UK
| | - M. Francesca Cordeiro
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London NW1 5QH, UK
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), London, UK
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31
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Gad HA, Hathout RM. Can the Docking Experiments Select the Optimum Natural Bio-macromolecule for Doxorubicin Delivery? J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hathout RM, Abdelhamid SG, Metwally AA. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for combating COVID-19: Investigating efficacy and hypothesizing new formulations using Bio/chemoinformatics tools. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020; 21:100446. [PMID: 33052313 PMCID: PMC7543973 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are undergoing several clinical trials for evaluating their efficacy and safety as antiviral drugs. Yet, there is still a great debate about their efficacy in combating COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of intranasal and/or pulmonary administration of CQ/HCQ for COVID-19 using Bio/chemoinformatics tools. We, hereby, hypothesize the success of the intranasal and the pulmonary routes through a gelatin matrix to overcome several challenges related to CQ and HCQ pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and to increase their local concentrations at the sites of initial viral entry while minimizing the potential side effects. Molecular docking on the gelatin-simulated matrix demonstrated high loading values and a sustained release profile. Moreover, the docking on mucin as well as various receptors including Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), heparin sulphate proteoglycan and Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), which are expressed in the lung and intranasal tissues and represent initial sites of attachment of the viral particles to the surface of respiratory cells, has shown good binding of CQ and HCQ to these receptors. The presented data provide an insight into the use of a novel drug formulation that needs to be tested in adequately powered randomized controlled clinical trials; aiming for a sustained prophylaxis effect and/or a treatment strategy against this pandemic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - AbdelKader A Metwally
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Muhtadi WK, Novitasari L, Danarti R, Martien R. Development of polymeric nanoparticle gel prepared with the combination of ionic pre-gelation and polyelectrolyte complexation as a novel drug delivery of timolol maleate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1844-1852. [PMID: 32901561 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1821053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to overcome the undesired systemic absorption of skin topical administration of timolol maleate (TM) by developing the TM nanoparticle gel. METHODS TM-loaded nanoparticle (TMNP) was prepared by ionic pre-gelation of pectin (PCN) and calcium ions (CI) followed with polyelectrolyte complex using chitosan (CHI). TMNP was characterized by measuring the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and the interaction between formula constituents. TM-loaded nanoparticle gel (TMNG) was prepared by using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and was characterized by measuring the spreadability, pH, viscosity, and drug content. The drug release kinetics were analyzed using DDSolver add-in program. RESULTS TMNP possessed particle size of 175.2 ± 19.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.528 ± 0.113, zeta potential of -10.86 ± 0.87 mV, and EE of 27.45 ± 2.34%. The electrostatic interactions between PCN, CI, and CHI that formed the nanoparticles were confirmed by the result of vibrational spectroscopy analysis. TMNG possessed spreadability of 60.80 ± 1.38 cm2, pH of 5.154 ± 0.004, viscosity of 269.07 ± 5.83 cP, and drug content of 107.38 ± 1.77%. TM showed a sustained release manner within 24 h by following Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetical model with non-Fickian release mechanism. CONCLUSION The prepared nanoparticle gel can be an effective controlled release system of TM that administered topically on the skin surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wildan Khairi Muhtadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi (STIFAR) Riau, JalanKamboja, Tampan, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
| | - Laras Novitasari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Danarti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Martien
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Cuggino JC, Tártara LI, Gugliotta LM, Palma SD, Alvarez Igarzabal CI. Mucoadhesive and responsive nanogels as carriers for sustainable delivery of timolol for glaucoma therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111383. [PMID: 33254990 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Topical administration to the eye for the treatment of glaucoma is a convenient route because it increases the patient comfort. Timolol can efficiently diminish the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye; however the topical application as a solution of timolol maleate (TM) has poor therapeutic index and presents severe side effects. The encapsulation of timolol in nanomaterials has appeared as a technology to increase its residence time in the eye thus achieving a sustained release and consequently diminishing the doses of this drug and their number. The preparation of nanogels (NGs) based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and acrylic acid (AAc), easily synthesized by precipitation/dispersion free radical polymerization, is reported in this paper. Such NGs presented excellent dispersability in eye simulated fluid and ideal size for topical application. NGs can load efficiently timolol through ionic interaction, and the in vitro release showed that NGs deliver timolol in a sustained manner. In vivo sustained efficacy of the NGs-timolol nanoformulations was demonstrated in rabbit's glaucoma model, in which the IOP could be diminished and maintained constant for 48 h with only one application. Overall, the synthesized NGs in combination with timolol have potential as drug delivery system for glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Cuggino
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET-UNL, Güemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luis I Tártara
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis M Gugliotta
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET-UNL, Güemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Santiago D Palma
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia I Alvarez Igarzabal
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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Martínez-López AL, Pangua C, Reboredo C, Campión R, Morales-Gracia J, Irache JM. Protein-based nanoparticles for drug delivery purposes. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Esteban-Pérez S, Andrés-Guerrero V, López-Cano JJ, Molina-Martínez I, Herrero-Vanrell R, Bravo-Osuna I. Gelatin Nanoparticles-HPMC Hybrid System for Effective Ocular Topical Administration of Antihypertensive Agents. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E306. [PMID: 32231033 PMCID: PMC7238113 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increment in ocular drug bioavailability after topical administration is one of the main challenges in pharmaceutical technology. For several years, different strategies based on nanotechnology, hydrogels or implants have been evaluated. Nowadays, the tolerance of ophthalmic preparations has become a critical issue and it is essential to the use of well tolerated excipients. In the present work, we have explored the potential of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) loaded with timolol maleate (TM), a beta-adrenergic blocker widely used in the clinic for glaucoma treatment and a hybrid system of TM-GNPs included in a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) viscous solution. The TM- loaded nanoparticles (mean particle size of 193 ± 20 nm and drug loading of 0.291 ± 0.019 mg TM/mg GNPs) were well tolerated both in vitro (human corneal cells) and in vivo. The in vivo efficacy studies performed in normotensive rabbits demonstrated that these gelatin nanoparticles were able to achieve the same hypotensive effect as a marketed formulation (0.5% TM) containing a 5-fold lower concentration of the drug. When comparing commercial and TM-GNPs formulations with the same TM dose, nanoparticles generated an increased efficacy with a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) (from 21% to 30%) and an augmentation of 1.7-fold in the area under the curve (AUC)(0-12h). On the other hand, the combination of timolol-loaded nanoparticles (TM 0.1%) and the viscous polymer HPMC 0.3%, statistically improved the IOP reduction up to 30% (4.65 mmHg) accompanied by a faster time of maximum effect (tmax = 1 h). Furthermore, the hypotensive effect was extended for four additional hours, reaching a pharmacological activity that lasted 12 h after a single instillation of this combination, and leading to an AUC(0-12h) 2.5-fold higher than the one observed for the marketed formulation. According to the data presented in this work, the use of hybrid systems that combine well tolerated gelatin nanoparticles and a viscous agent could be a promising alternative in the management of high intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esteban-Pérez
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Andrés-Guerrero
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Javier López-Cano
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Molina-Martínez
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Herrero-Vanrell
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Bravo-Osuna
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Guo Y, Karimi F, Fu Q, G Qiao G, Zhang H. Reduced administration frequency for the treatment of fungal keratitis: a sustained natamycin release from a micellar solution. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:407-421. [PMID: 32009483 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1719995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Natamycin is the only topical ophthalmic antifungal drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States, but has unsatisfactory factors such as high dosing frequency.Methods: We report the synthesis and preparation of self-assembled poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PEG-b-PGMA) micelles. These nanoparticles exhibit sustained delivery of a hydrophobic natamycin by topical administration on eye due to the hydrolysable properties of PGMA segments of micelle. Hydrolysis of glycidyl groups within a physiologically relevant environment provides an additional driving force for drug release by generation of hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to 'push' the encapsulated hydrophobic drug away from the resultant hydrophilic domains and into surrounding environment.Results: In vitro and in vivo results revealed that the self-assembled micelles and the encapsulated natamycin were not cytotoxic and the released drug have strong antifungal ability to Candida albicans. Importantly, sustained natamycin release from micelles leads to the reduced administration frequency of natamycin from 8 times per day to 3 times per day in rabbits suffering from fungal keratitis (FK).Conclusion: This study demonstrates a facile method that can greatly reduce dosing frequency of natamycin administration and thus improve long-term patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
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Jumelle C, Gholizadeh S, Annabi N, Dana R. Advances and limitations of drug delivery systems formulated as eye drops. J Control Release 2020; 321:1-22. [PMID: 32027938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Topical instillation of eye drops remains the most common and easiest route of ocular drug administration, representing the treatment of choice for many ocular diseases. Nevertheless, low ocular bioavailability of topically applied drug molecules can considerably limit their efficacy. Over the last several decades, numerous drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed in order to improve drug bioavailability on the ocular surfaces. This review systematically covers the most recent advances of DDS applicable by topical instillation, that have shown better performance in in vivo models compared to standard eye drop formulations. These delivery systems are based on in situ forming gels, nanoparticles and combinations of both. Most of the DDS have been developed using natural or synthetic polymers. Polymers offer many advantageous properties for designing advanced DDS including biocompatibility, gelation properties and/or mucoadhesiveness. However, despite the high number of studies published over the last decade, there are several limitations for clinical translation of DDS. This review article focuses on the recent advances for the development of ocular drug delivery systems. In addtion, the potential challenges for commercialization of new DDS are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Jumelle
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shima Gholizadeh
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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39
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Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Even though significant advances have been made in its management, currently available antiglaucoma therapies suffer from considerable drawbacks. Typically, the success and efficacy of glaucoma medications are undermined by their limited bioavailability to target tissues and the inadequate adherence demonstrated by patients with glaucoma. The latter is due to a gradual decrease in tolerability of lifelong topical therapies and the significant burden to patients of prescribed stepwise antiglaucoma regimens with frequent dosing which impact quality of life. On the other hand, glaucoma surgery is restricted by the inability of antifibrotic agents to efficiently control the wound healing process without causing severe collateral damage and long-term complications. Evolution of the treatment paradigm for patients with glaucoma will ideally include prevention of retinal ganglion cell degeneration by the successful delivery of neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory drugs, and gene therapies. Nanotechnology-based treatments may surpass the limitations of currently available glaucoma therapies through optimized targeted drug delivery, increased bioavailability, and controlled release. This review addresses the recent advances in glaucoma treatment strategies employing nanotechnology, including medical and surgical management, neuroregeneration, and neuroprotection.
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40
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Singh RB, Ichhpujani P, Thakur S, Jindal S. Promising therapeutic drug delivery systems for glaucoma: a comprehensive review. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2020; 12:2515841420905740. [PMID: 32206746 PMCID: PMC7074511 DOI: 10.1177/2515841420905740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The delivery of ophthalmic drugs is challenging despite easy accessibility via the ocular surface. Topical instillation of eye drops is a relatively easy and most commonly used as a conduit for drug delivery for treating a myriad of ocular morbidities, particularly involving the anterior segment, and has an additional benefit of avoiding the first-pass metabolism while passing through the systemic circulation. The primary challenges of drug administration through traditional methods include-inadequate patient education for proper drug instillation technique, compliance, adherence, and persistence. Various dynamic (choroidal and conjunctival blood flow, lymphatic clearance, and tear dilution) and static (namely, different layers of cornea, sclera, and retina including blood aqueous and blood-retinal barriers) ocular barriers limit drug delivery to the target ocular tissues. The maintenance of the therapeutic drug levels on the ocular surface for a prolonged duration is an added challenge, thus preventing persistent delivery for longer durations. These factors result in inadequate management, leading to poor prognosis in vision loss in as many as 27% of the patients diagnosed with glaucoma. We have reviewed the research and advancements in the development of novel and well-tolerated drug delivery systems with the common goal of overcoming the factors limiting adequate drug delivery to the target tissues in glaucomatous patients with traditional techniques. In the recent past, multiple research groups have successfully designed noninvasive, sustained drug delivery systems, promoting the efficacy as well as the feasibility of delivering topical drugs to the anterior segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan B. Singh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Parul Ichhpujani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sahil Thakur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Sumeet Jindal
- Department of Ophthalmology Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Richmond, VA, USA
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41
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Hathout RM. Particulate Systems in the Enhancement of the Antiglaucomatous Drug Pharmacodynamics: A Meta-Analysis Study. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21909-21913. [PMID: 31891069 PMCID: PMC6933800 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a very serious disease that can lead to blindness in severe cases. In an attempt to increase the efficacy of the drugs used in treating this disease, many particulate systems (micro/nano and lipid-based/nonlipid-based) have been exploited. In this study, the meta-analysis approach was implemented in order to explore the published studies and extract the literature-based evidence (proof-of-concept studies = 16) that the particulate systems increase the efficiency of the investigated intraocular pressure drugs as demonstrated by the increase in the area under effect curve. Comparison of micron particles versus nanoparticles on the one hand and lipid-based versus nonlipid-based on the other hand, as subgroups of the meta-analysis, was also included in the study where the latter comparison led to insignificant differences, whereas the former has proven the superiority of the nanoparticles over the micronized counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M. Hathout
- E-mail: , . Phone: +2
(0) 100 5252919, +2 02 22912685. Fax: +2 02 24011507
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42
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Gao J, Xu Y, Zheng Y, Wang X, Li S, Yan G, Wang J, Tang R. pH-sensitive carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels via acid-labile ortho ester linkage as an implantable drug delivery system. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Emad Eldeeb A, Salah S, Ghorab M. Proniosomal gel-derived niosomes: an approach to sustain and improve the ocular delivery of brimonidine tartrate; formulation, in-vitro characterization, and in-vivo pharmacodynamic study. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:509-521. [PMID: 31090464 PMCID: PMC6534210 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1609622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brimonidine tartrate (BRT) is a hydrophilic α2 adrenergic agonist used for the treatment of glaucoma. Glaucoma is an ocular disease affecting the anterior segment of the eye requiring lifetime treatment. Owing to the obstacles facing ocular delivery systems and hydrophilicity of BRT, frequent administration of the eye drops is required. Niosomes have been widely used to improve the ocular bioavailability of the topically applied drugs and to enhance the ocular residence time. However, they have drawbacks as physical instability, aggregation, and loss of the entrapped drug. For this reason, BRT proniosomes were prepared to overcome niosomal instability issues. A D-optimal design was utilized to determine the optimum conditions for preparation of the proniosomal gels. Independent variables were amount of surfactant, surfactant:cholesterol ratio, and type of surfactant used. The dependent variables were entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size, percentage of drug released after 2 h (Q2h), and percentage of drug released after 24 h (Q24h). The optimum formula was suggested with desirability 0.732 and the composition of 540 mg Span 60 and 10:1 surfactant:cholesterol ratio. The results obtained after reconstitution were; EE% of 79.23 ± 1.12% particle size of 810.95 ± 16.758 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.6785 ± 0.213, zeta potential 59.1 ± 0.99 mV, Q2h40.98 ± 1.29%, Q8h 63.35 ± 6.07%, and Q24h = 91.11 ± 1.76%. Transmission electron microscope imaging of the formula showed the typical spherical shape of niosomes. In-vivo pharmacodynamic study assured the improved ocular bioavailability of BRT selected formula when compared with Alphagan®P with relative AUC0-24 of 5.024 and 7.90 folds increase in the mean residence time (MRT). Lack of ocular irritation of the formula was assured by Draize test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Emad Eldeeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa Salah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ghorab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Fang Y, Ku H, Gan D, Jiang R, Sun X. Efficacy And Safety Of Travoprost Versus Timolol To Treat Early-Onset Ocular Hypertension Secondary To Vitrectomy: A Randomized Trial. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3453-3463. [PMID: 31686785 PMCID: PMC6777640 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s222796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004% versus timolol 0.5% as an initial intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication for ocular hypertension secondary to vitrectomy. Patients and methods We performed a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded clinical trial in the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University in China. This trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (ChICTR1800014942) before patient enrollment. Seventy-nine adults with IOP of 25–45 mmHg secondary to vitrectomy in the latest one month were enrolled and randomized to receive travoprost 0.004% or timolol 0.5%. More drugs were administered to patients with IOP > 25 mmHg during follow-up. Results The mean IOP reduction at day 1 was −10.97 mmHg in the timolol group and −15.02 mmHg in the travoprost group (P = 0.006); no significant difference was observed between the groups at later time points. The number of IOP-lowering medications at day 21 was 0.64 in the timolol group and 1.15 in the travoprost group (P = 0.038), while no significant differences were observed at other time points. The proportion of single IOP-lowering medications used during the 4-week follow-up was 72.73% in the timolol group and 68.42% in the travoprost group (P = 0.692). Inflammation scores were not significantly different in the two groups at any time point. Increased ocular hyperemia occurred in 8 patients (19%) in the travoprost group and none in the timolol group (P = 0.005). There were no significant differences in other adverse events between the two groups. After logistic regression model analysis, IOP ≥ 30 mmHg, inflammation score ≥ 2, and silicone oil as tamponade were found to be the factors with significant effects on the number of IOP-lowering medications used during the 4-week follow-up. Conclusion Travoprost and timolol have similar efficacy and safety for treating ocular hypertension secondary to vitrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hsiangyu Ku
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Dekang Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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45
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Mahmoudi Saber M. Strategies for surface modification of gelatin-based nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Adrenergic agonists and antagonists as antiglaucoma agents: a literature and patent review (2013-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:805-815. [PMID: 31486689 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1665023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the eye characterized by selective retinal ganglion cell loss that provokes progressive defects in the visual field. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important contributor for the progression of glaucoma. The current therapeutic arsenal for reducing IOP includes prostaglandin analogs, β-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α-adrenergic agonist, miotics, rho-kinase inhibitors and combinations thereof, generally administered as eye drops. Areas covered: This manuscript reviews the state of art on adrenergic modulators for treating glaucoma. Both monotherapy and fixed-drugs combinations including α2-adrenergic agonists and β-blockers are discussed as well as drug delivery systems where these classes of drugs are used. The review then covers the patent literature involving adrenoceptors modulators over the period 2013-2019. Expert opinion: While the scientific community is moving forward novel targets and related modulators for treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension, adrenergic modulators held a prominent position in the therapy of glaucoma and related disorders. Indeed, though not embodying anymore the first-choice monotherapy, they are widely marketed worldwide ordinarily in combination with other drugs, are subjects of many studies for identifying new drug compositions and have been assessed as active ingredients in several innovative ocular drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
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47
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Zhao X, Xi Y, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Meng R, Zheng B, Rei L. Redox-Sensitive Gelatin/Silica-Aptamer Nanogels for Targeted siRNA Delivery. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:273. [PMID: 31414279 PMCID: PMC6692808 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has potential advantages over other gene therapy approaches due to its high specificity and the ability to inhibit target gene expression. However, the stability and tissue-specific delivery of siRNA remain as the biggest obstacles for RNAi therapeutics. Here, we developed such a system by conjugating gelatin-based nanogels with the nucleolin-targeted AS1411 aptamer and deoxynucleotide-substituted siRNA together (Apt-GS/siRNA) via a disulfide linker to achieve transient docking of siRNA. These Apt-GS/siRNA nanogels demonstrated favorable release of siRNA under reducing conditions owing to disulfide cleavage. Furthermore, this smart system could electively release siRNA into the cytosol in nucleolin-positive cells (A549) by a glutathione-triggered disassembly and subsequently efficient RNAi for luciferase. Besides, disulfide-equipped Apt-GS nanogels showed good biocompatibility in vitro. Taken together, this redox-responsive, tumor-targeting smart nanogels display great potential in exploiting functionalized siRNA delivery and tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Zhao
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Xi
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyan Wu
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyuan Meng
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Rei
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
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Eldeeb AE, Salah S, Ghorab M. Formulation and evaluation of cubosomes drug delivery system for treatment of glaucoma: Ex-vivo permeation and in-vivo pharmacodynamic study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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49
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Exploring optimized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) crystalline cored micelles in anti-glaucoma pharmacotherapy. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:573-584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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50
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Investigations on Polymeric Nanoparticles for Ocular Delivery. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/1316249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, an attempt was made to formulate timolol maleate (TML) loaded polymeric nanoparticles of flax seed gum (FX) and chitosan (CH) for ocular delivery using ionic gelation method. The process of nanoparticle preparation was optimized using 2-factor, 3-level central composite experimental design. The optimal concentration of FX and CH that yielded nanoparticles with minimum particle size (267.06 ± 8.65 nm) and maximum encapsulation efficiency (74.96 ± 4.78%) was found to be 0.10% w/v and 0.08% w/v, respectively. The formulated nanoparticles revealed considerable bioadhesive strength and exhibited sustained release of drug in in vitro diffusion studies. The ex vivo transcorneal penetration study revealed higher corneal penetration of TML compared to marketed eye drops. The confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) studies also confirmed the ability of nanoparticles to penetrate into deeper layers of cornea. The histopathological studies revealed corneal biocompatibility of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were found to reduce the intra ocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits for prolonged period when compared to conventional eye drops. The results of the present study suggested a promising role of polymeric nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery in treatment of glaucoma.
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