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Nakano R, Okumura Y, Hata H. Effects of buccal cavity parasite Ceratothoa carinata (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) on the condition and reproduction of its host fish Japanese scad Decapterus maruadsi. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 159:63-69. [PMID: 39145472 DOI: 10.3354/dao03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
All species of the isopod family Cymothoidae are obligate fish parasites, extracting nourishment through hematophagy and tissue consumption. To elucidate the detrimental effects of this parasitic relationship upon the host fish, we examined body length, weight of body, gonad, liver and stomach contents, and condition factor of Japanese scad Decapterus maruadsi infected with the buccal cavity parasite Ceratothoa carinata in different seasons. During the host fish's breeding season in July, the wet weight and condition factor of male and female host fish ages 1 and 2 were conspicuously diminished. No impacts were detected in September, after the breeding season. We found no impact of the parasite on the stomach content weight or signs of prey fish in the stomachs. Thus, parasite infection with C. carinata potentially diminishes the reproductive success of the host fish by negatively impacting the host's physiological condition, particularly during the breeding season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Nakano
- Faculty of Science, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yuzumi Okumura
- Faculty of Science, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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Mohapatra SK, Swain A, Roy S, Tripathy B, Mohapatra A, Seth JK. Low diversity, high dominance, and high host prevalence of parasitic isopods of the family Cymothoidae in Chilika lagoon, India: a comparative study between a semi-enclosed ecosystem and its adjoining open region. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:188. [PMID: 38635142 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Patterns in parasite diversity are shaped by their environmental and ecological settings, and to better understand their interactions with hosts and the corresponding biology, it is crucial to understand these context-dependent patterns. To achieve this, we use cymothoid isopods, an important group of fish parasites, to test a long-standing hypothesis about parasite diversity and prevalence pattern: whether semi-enclosed water bodies allow low diversity and high prevalence of parasitic isopods. Specifically, we compare these patterns between Chilika lagoon (Odisha, India), a semi-enclosed water body, and the adjoining Odisha coast (India). Our finding reveals that the semi-enclosed Chilika lagoon has a considerably lower diversity of parasitic isopods than its adjoining open sea along the Odisha coast. Additionally, the parasitic isopod infection levels in Chilika lagoon are noticeably higher, and isopod assemblage is less even than those in coastal waters along the Odisha coast. Our results support the hypothesised association between enclosed water bodies, parasite diversity, and host prevalence and contribute to an enhanced comprehension of the ecology of parasitic isopods in distinct marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Mohapatra
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India
- Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Odisha, 761002, India
| | - Anshuman Swain
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sanmitra Roy
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India
| | - Basudev Tripathy
- Western Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra, 411044, India
| | - Anil Mohapatra
- Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Odisha, 761002, India
| | - Jaya Kishor Seth
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India.
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Aneesh PT, Helna AK, Raj S, Kumar AB. Finding Nemo! Description of a New Species of Branchial Fish Parasitic Cymothoid, Elthusa Schioedte and Meinert, 1884 (Crustacea: Isopoda), infesting Callionymus filamentosus Valenciennes, 1837 from the Northern Indian Ocean. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:358-369. [PMID: 38103154 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Specimens of Elthusa from trashfish of the Indian SW coast were described as a new parasitic cymothoid, Elthusa nemo sp. nov., (Crustacea: Isopoda). Later, the branchial cavity of the Blotchfin dragonet Callionymus filamentosus Valenciennes, 1837 were documented as its micro- and macro-habitat (host). METHODS Fresh/live specimens of unidentified cymothoid samples were collected from the trash fishes obtained from Neendakara (08°30.0' N 76°53.30' E) fish landing centre, Kollam district, Kerala state, southwest coast of India. After a long search for the host species, we recovered the isopod from the branchial cavity of the deep-sea fish Callionymus filamentosus Valenciennes, 1837 (Callionymiformes: Callionymidae). The new species is described and illustrated based on ovigerous females. RESULTS Elthusa nemo sp. nov., has the following sets of combinations of characters: body slightly twisted, elongated, dorsal surfaces smooth, nearly twice as long as greatest width; pleon short, ~ 14% body length, 0.8 times as wide as pereon maximum width; widest at pleonite 2 and narrowest at pleonite 1; only pleonite 1, laterally overlapped by pereonite 7 posterolateral expansion and coxa 7; presence of appendix masculina on pleopod 2; uropods 0.8 times as the length of pleotelson; antenna with two plumose setae on article 4. CONCLUSION Elthusa nemo sp. nov., is the sixth species of the genus known from Indian waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panakkool Thamban Aneesh
- Blue Innovation Division, Seto Inland Sea Carbon Neutral Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Takehara, Hiroshima, 725-0024, Japan.
| | - Ameri Kottarathil Helna
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Karyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 581, India.
- Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Govt. of Kerala, Kannur, Kerala, 670002, India.
| | - Smrithy Raj
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Karyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 581, India
- Wildlife Information Liaison Development, 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti-Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641035, India
- Travancore Nature History Society (TNHS), MBRRA, Mathrubhumi Road, Vanchiyoor, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695035, India
| | - Appukuttannair Biju Kumar
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Karyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 581, India
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Roy S, Mohapatra SK, Sahu HK, Seth JK. Description of the Life Cycle Stages of the Parasitic Cymothoid, Cymothoa indica Schioedte and Meinert, 1884, and Its Prevalence in Commercial Fishes from Chilika Lagoon, India. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:710-726. [PMID: 38393506 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the morphology of all the life stages and the life cycle of the parasitic isopod Cymothoa indica Schioedte and Meinert, 1884, and its prevalence in different commercial fishes in the Chilika Lagoon, India. METHODS From April 2021 to December 2022, different life stages of the said parasites were collected from five different fish species from four localities of the Chilika Lagoon. The parasites were carefully removed from the host with a pair of forceps and then identified following standard literature and description. The morphology of all life stages, life cycle, and prevalence of the isopod C. indica were carried out as per the standard protocol. RESULTS A total of 1252 host fishes were analysed. The total prevalence was 44.5%. The host with the highest prevalence of C. indica was Glossogobius giuris, with 58.79% of the hosts parasitized by at least one parasite individual. Followed by the host Datnoides polota (50.98%), Johnius dussumieri (46.25%), Etroplus suratensis (28.45%) and the least prevalence was in Lates calcarifer (14.70%). The description of the life stages is based on the observation of 523 females, 116 males, 46 Juveniles, and 50 embryonic stages of the said parasites. CONCLUSION The description of all the life stages and life cycles certainly helps to identify this species with clarity and ease in understanding the species' biology. In future, this study may be helpful in the effective management towards the improvement of aquaculture productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanmitra Roy
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760007, Odisha, India
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, 757003, Odisha, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Mohapatra
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760007, Odisha, India
- Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam, 761002, Odisha, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Sahu
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada, 757003, Odisha, India
| | - Jaya Kishor Seth
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760007, Odisha, India.
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Mahmoud NE, Fahmy MM, Khattab MS, Abuowarda M. Phylogeny and ultrastructure of Elthusa raynaudii (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) firstly recorded from the invasive silver cheeked toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus) (Gmelin 1789) in eastern Mediterranean Sea coast. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:86. [PMID: 38182847 PMCID: PMC10769922 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
With the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, many changes have occurred in the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem so became a home to many invasive Lessepsian marine species that have migrated from the Red Sea. About 500 marine species including pufferfish have immigrated and rapidly established a population in the Mediterranean Sea causing significant impact on its ecosystem and fisheries sector. The parasitic fauna of these pufferfish has scarcely been studied in the Mediterranean Sea and also in their native habitat. During this surveillance study on the invasive pufferfish species from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast, the female cymothoid isopod Elthusa raynaudii was detected from the branchial cavity and also in the buccal cavity of 23.9% of the examined Lagocephalus sceleratus. The isolated isopod species was firstly identified and described through electron microscopy and molecular phylogeny based on the sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Additionally, the description of eggs, embryonic stage, and manca of E. raynaudii was firstly provided. The pathological impact on the infested fish tissues was investigated and revealed curling and loss of secondary gill lamellae in addition to mucous exudates in between the gill filaments and granuloma formation in the gill arch. The study provided the first report of L. sceleratus as a new host for the isopod E. raynaudii collected from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast as a new locality record. The role of the Lessepsian invasive pufferfish in transmitting parasites to the native fish species was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen E Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt.
| | - Magdy M Fahmy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt
| | - Mai Abuowarda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt
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Ponsrinivasan A, Uma A. Unraveling the host-parasite interaction: immune response in Oreochromis mossambicus to Cymothoa eremita (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) infection. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3233-3242. [PMID: 37882820 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The host immune response in Oreochromis mossambicus during natural infection with the isopod Cymothoa eremita was investigated. The naturally infected fishes were examined for enzyme profile, viz., respiratory burst activity (RBA), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), and expression of immune-related genes, viz., toll-like receptor 22 (TLR 22), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), complement component (C3), chemokine (CXCa), and β-actin in tissues of various organs (buccal cavity, gills and anterior kidney). Significant reduction (P < 0.05) in RBA and MPO was observed in the parasite-infected fishes when compared to the uninfected control fishes. In the buccal cavity, the expression of the immune-related genes was significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated, whereas all the genes except IL-1β were significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in the anterior kidney. In the case of gill tissue, the expressed genes showed a varied type of regulation. The immunological responses in O. mossambicus during isopod infection have not been investigated in detail so far, and this is the first study unveiling such insights. Hence, this study will help to improve our molecular understanding of the host-immune response to parasitic isopod infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagukanthasami Ponsrinivasan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri, Tamil Nadu, 601204, India
| | - Arumugam Uma
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri, Tamil Nadu, 601204, India.
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Helna AK, Aneesh PT, Kumar AB, Ohtsuka S. Morphological Description and Molecular Characterisation of Glyptothoa gen. nov., a Fish Parasitic Deep-sea Cymothoid (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Indian Ocean, with Four Species, Including One New Species. Zool Stud 2023; 62:e51. [PMID: 38046785 PMCID: PMC10689200 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2023.62-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Glyptothoa sagara gen. and sp. nov. is described from the host fish Glyptophidium macropus Alcock, 1894 (Ophidiidae), at depths 300 to 650 metres from the southwest coast of India. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of the species was sequenced and compared with other closely related branchial cymothoid genera. Both morphological and molecular data corroborate the inclusion of this parasitic isopod as a new genus, and we describe Glyptothoa sagara gen. and sp. nov. The following combinations of characters characterise the genus: cephalon immersed in pereonite 1; dorsum vaulted; all coxae visible in dorsal view; coxae shorter than or as long as pereonites; pereonites 4-7 slightly decrease in width towards one side, slightly asymmetrical, lateral margins slightly constricted, in hunched side; relatively wide pleon, with large lateral gaps between pleonites; antennula narrowly separated by rostrum, slender, shorter than antenna; antenna with 13 articles, buccal cone obscuring antennal bases; brood pouch arising from coxae 1-4, 6; oostegite 1 bilobed; pleopods rami all simple, without proximomedial lamellar lobe, without folds or thickened ridges. The adult life stages, such as females (ovigerous and non-ovigerous), males and transitional stage of the new species are described. The species is currently known only from the type locality and the type host. The ecological remarks of the newly described taxon are also provided. The following species are transferred from Elthusa Schioedte and Meinert, 1884: Glyptothoa myripristae (Bruce, 1990) comb. nov., Glyptothoa propinqua (Richardson, 1904) comb. nov. and Glyptothoa caudata (Schioedte and Meinert, 1884) comb. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameri Kottarathil Helna
- Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Kannur, Kerala, India, 670002. E-mail: (Helna)
- Department of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, University of Kerala, Karyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Kerala, India. E-mail: (Kumar)
| | - Panakkool Thamban Aneesh
- Fisheries Laboratory, Blue Innovation Division, Seto Inland Sea Carbon-neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University, 5-8-1 Minato-machi, Takehara, Hiroshima 725-0024, Japan. E-mail: or (Aneesh); (Ohtsuka)
| | - Appukuttannair Biju Kumar
- Department of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, University of Kerala, Karyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Kerala, India. E-mail: (Kumar)
| | - Susumu Ohtsuka
- Fisheries Laboratory, Blue Innovation Division, Seto Inland Sea Carbon-neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University, 5-8-1 Minato-machi, Takehara, Hiroshima 725-0024, Japan. E-mail: or (Aneesh); (Ohtsuka)
- Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Van Der Spuy L, Erasmus JH, Nachev M, Schaeffner BC, Sures B, Wepener V, Smit NJ. The use of fish parasitic isopods as element accumulation indicators in marine pollution monitoring. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115385. [PMID: 37579706 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are continuously under threat due to pollutants, which endanger marine biodiversity. The present study determines the potential use of the parasitic isopod, Cinusa tetrodontis Schjödte et Meinert, 1884, together with its fish host, Amblyrhynchotes honckenii (Bloch) for marine bioaccumulation monitoring. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn were determined in muscle and liver tissues of infested and uninfested fish, and male and female parasites on the South African temperate south coast. The concentrations of Cu and Ni in C. tetrodontis differed significantly between two sampling sites, a near-pristine (Breede River Estuary, Witsand) and a more polluted site (harbour area in Mossel Bay). Mossel Bay isopods had higher concentrations of Ni, while Witsand isopods had higher concentrations of Cu. In contrast to fish hosts, parasitic isopods accumulated significantly higher levels of all elements except Cd. Most significant relationships between elements accumulated by C. tetrodontis and an increase of elements in fish tissues were seen in liver, rather than muscle tissue samples. Specimens of C. tetrodontis can be defined as good bioindicators for elements such as As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn, as they possess high bioaccumulation capabilities. This study addresses one of several future directions needed within environmental parasitology and highlights the importance of studying and utilising this host-ectoparasite model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Van Der Spuy
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - J H Erasmus
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - M Nachev
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - B C Schaeffner
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - B Sures
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - V Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - N J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Ribeiro FB, Horch AP. Checklist of parasitic isopods from Brazil: Bopyroidea and Cryptoniscoidea (Isopoda: Cymothoida: Epicaridea). Zootaxa 2023; 5325:151-185. [PMID: 38220917 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5325.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
All species of Brazilian parasitic isopods belonging to Epicaridea (Bopyroidea and Cryptoniscoidea) known to date, including references and distribution information, are listed. The list comprises 37 valid species, 18 of which are endemic to the country, 17 are also recorded from other countries in the Americas, and only two species are distributed outside of the American continent as well. Synonym list, known hosts and distribution are given for each of the species, along with taxonomic and ecological remarks when relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Bezerra Ribeiro
- Laboratrio de Biologia Integrativa de Crustceos (LABIC); Departamento de Biologia; Faculdade de Filosofia; Cincias e Letras de Ribeiro Preto; Universidade de So Paulo; Ribeiro Preto; So Paulo; Brazil.; Programa de Ps-graduao em Biologia Animal; Departamento de Zoologia (Laboratrio de Carcinologia); Instituto de Biocincias; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Rio Grande do Sul; Brazil..
| | - Amanda Porciuncula Horch
- Programa de Ps-graduao em Biologia Animal; Departamento de Zoologia (Laboratrio de Carcinologia); Instituto de Biocincias; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Rio Grande do Sul; Brazil..
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Stebbins TD, Wetzer R. Review and guide to the isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) of littoral and sublittoral marine habitats in the Southern California Bight. Zookeys 2023; 1162:1-167. [PMID: 37235199 PMCID: PMC10206732 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1162.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The isopod crustaceans reported from or expected to occur in littoral and sublittoral marine habitats of the Southern California Bight (SCB) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean are reviewed. A total of 190 species, representing 105 genera in 42 families and six suborders are covered. Approximately 84% of these isopods represent described species with the remaining 16% comprising well-documented "provisional" but undescribed species. Cymothoida and Asellota are the most diverse of the six suborders, accounting for ca. 36% and 29% of the species, respectively. Valvifera and Sphaeromatidea are the next most speciose suborders with between 13-15% of the species each, while the suborder Limnorioidea represents fewer than 2% of the SCB isopod fauna. Finally, the mostly terrestrial suborder Oniscidea accounts for ca. 5% of the species treated herein, each which occurs at or above the high tide mark in intertidal habitats. A key to the suborders and superfamilies is presented followed by nine keys to the SCB species within each of the resultant groups. Figures are provided for most species. Bathymetric range, geographic distribution, type locality, habitat, body size, and a comprehensive list of references are included for most species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Stebbins
- Research and Collections Branch, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USANatural History Museum of Los Angeles CountyLos AngelesUnited States of America
- City of San Diego Marine Biology Laboratory (retired), Public Utilities Department, San Diego, California 92101, USACity of San Diego Marine Biology LaboratorySan DiegoUnited States of America
| | - Regina Wetzer
- Research and Collections Branch, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USANatural History Museum of Los Angeles CountyLos AngelesUnited States of America
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Fujita H, Aneesh PT, Kawai K, Kitamura SI, Shimomura M, Umino T, Ohtsuka S. Redescription and molecular characterization of Mothocya parvostis Bruce, 1986 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae) parasitic on Japanese halfbeak, Hyporhamphus sajori (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (Hemiramphidae) with Mothocya sajori Bruce, 1986 placed into synonymy. Zootaxa 2023; 5277:259-286. [PMID: 37518319 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Two species of Mothocya have previously been recorded from Hyporhamphus sajori: M. parvostis Bruce, 1986 and M. sajori Bruce, 1986. Mothocya parvostis is re-described based on the ovigerous female type and additional materials collected from the host from in and around the type locality. Morphological re-examination of fresh specimens and the type materials together with genetic data show that the M. sajori and M. parvostis are the same species, differing primarily in size, therefore we have placed Mothocya sajori Bruce, 1986 into a junior synonym of Mothocya parvostis Bruce, 1986. Mothocya parvostis is characterized by the following combinations of characters: 1) body slightly to moderately twisted to one side; 2) pereonite 7 posterior margin moderately to deeply recessed; 3) uropodal rami extending to pleotelson posterior margin; and 4) uropod rami bluntly rounded, exopod 1.5 times as long as peduncle. The differences of four morphological features for M. parvostis and M. sajori was quantified. Furthermore, a total of 635 isopods infesting H. sajori were collected from all over Japan to conduct quantitative morphological and molecular sequence analyses (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA). Although the four quantitative features did not overlap between the two species in type specimens, all quantitative morphological values of newly collected specimens in this study did not display a bimodal distribution. In addition, our molecular analyses found only a single clade for our newly collected specimens in neighbor-joining tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujita
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life; Hiroshima University; 1-4-4 Kagamiyama; Higashi-Hiroshima; Hiroshima 739-8528; Japan.
| | - Panakkool Thamban Aneesh
- Takehara Station; Setouchi Field Science Center; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life; Hiroshima University; 5-8-1 Minato- machi; Takehara; Hiroshima 725-0024; Japan.
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life; Hiroshima University; 1-4-4 Kagamiyama; Higashi-Hiroshima; Hiroshima 739-8528; Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Kitamura
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES); Ehime University; 2-5 Bunkyo-cho; Matsuyama; Ehime; 790-8577; Japan.
| | - Michitaka Shimomura
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory; Field Science Education and Research Center; Kyoto University; 459 Shirahama; Wakayama; 649-2211; Japan; Department of Zoology; Division of Biological Science; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho; Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502; Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Umino
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life; Hiroshima University; 1-4-4 Kagamiyama; Higashi-Hiroshima; Hiroshima 739-8528; Japan.
| | - Susumu Ohtsuka
- Takehara Station; Setouchi Field Science Center; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life; Hiroshima University; 5-8-1 Minato- machi; Takehara; Hiroshima 725-0024; Japan.
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12
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Fujita H, Kawai K, Deville D, Umino T. Quatrefoil light traps for free-swimming stages of cymothoid parasitic isopods and seasonal variation in their species compositions in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 20:12-19. [PMID: 36590028 PMCID: PMC9800258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cymothoid parasitic isopods infest a wide range of fish of different taxa living in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. Most research on the reproductive season of Cymothoidae has been done by collecting or monitoring host fish afflicted with cymothoid parasites. However, collecting ecological data on cymothoid species that infest non-commercial or endangered fishes is complex and challenging. We used a quatrefoil light trap to investigate the seasonal change in species composition of cymothoid free-swimming stages in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. We also collected preliminary data for efficient light-trap sampling and showed its effectiveness in cymothoid-related research. From October 2020 to December 2021, 613 cymothoid free-swimming stages were sampled monthly. All obtained individuals were identified as Mothocya parvostis (596), Ceratothoa verrucosa (12), and Ceratothoa carinata (5) by DNA barcoding using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Based on the number of M. parvostis mancae collected each month, M. parvostis was anticipated to reproduce from June to December, with two reproduction peaks each year, and C. verrucosa and C. carinata were expected to reproduce in June, July, and September, and September and October, respectively. In addition, free-swimming juveniles were captured, presumably after they had left their optional intermediate hosts. Furthermore, the most effective time to harvest cymothoids with light traps may be during high tide on the night of the new moon. This study serves as a methodological framework for future research on cymothoids using light traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujita
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Diego Deville
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Umino
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
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13
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Functional and sex-specific dynamics of ectoparasite size evolution in marine isopod-fish interactions: Harrison's rule and increasing variance. Oecologia 2023; 201:213-225. [PMID: 36522603 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Harrison's rule, a pattern predicting that the body size of parasites correlates positively with the size of their hosts, is well-supported. However, its interaction with highly distinct "guilds" of closely related parasites warrants further exploration. The increasing variance hypothesis predicts that the variance in parasite size should also increase with the size of their hosts. Though untested, in parasite taxa with differential sex-dependent pressures on body size, this relationship should also be divergent across sexes due to differential size-fecundity relationships. We compiled global data on sequentially hermaphroditic isopods (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) parasitic on fish from published literature. With a data set comprising of 204 marine cymothoid species and their hosts, we used Bayesian hierarchical models to primarily test (1) Harrison's rule and its scaling across three functionally distinct guilds (mouth, gill, external); (2) the increasing variance hypothesis and sex-specific patterns. Our results revealed a strong positive association between parasite and host body sizes, but with uniform scaling across guilds. Host size exerted divergent, sex-specific effects on the relative intraspecific variation in parasite size, where this association was positive in males and absent in females. Here, we show that Harrison's rule is independent of guild, suggesting body size evolution across all cymothoids is equally underpinned by the size of their hosts. The sex-specificity of the increasing variance hypothesis can be explained by female fecundity being tightly bound to body size, whereas the dependency of reproductive success on size is inherently more relaxed in males.
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14
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Abdallah ESH, Hamouda AH. Livoneca redmanii Leach, 1818 (Cymothoidae) a parasitic isopod infesting the gills of the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758): morphological and molecular characterization study. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:330. [PMID: 36045443 PMCID: PMC9434925 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prevalence, morphology, and molecular characteristics of isopodiosis in the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, in Egypt were assessed using light and electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction targeting the mitochondrial COI (cytochrome oxidase c) gene.
Results
Adult parasites were found mainly in the branchial cavity between gill arches and to a lesser extent in the buccal cavity. They were morphologically identified as the Cymothoidae Livoneca redmanii Leach, 1818 (Crustacea: Isopoda). Obviously, a 23% prevalence rate of isopods was reported in D. labrax from Egyptian Mediterranean waters. Destructive and degenerative necrotic alterations with complete sloughing of gill lamellae of the infested fish were observed. DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial COI gene confirmed the identification of the parasite which was deposited in the GenBank under accession numbers MW600099, MZ208984, and MZ208985. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that parasites emerged from a monophyletic clade closely affiliated with L. redmanii and were clearly distinguished from other isopod genospecies.
Conclusion
The present investigation addresses L. redmanii infestation in D. labrax in Egypt and affirmed morphological properties via the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular characteristics of this isopod species. The drastic effects of this parasite on the infected fish were proven both clinically and histopathologically.
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15
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Mohapatra SK, Sura S, Seth JK. Overlapping and partitioning of niche among different life stages of the parasitic isopod Cymothoa indica in the host Glossoglobius guiris collected from the Chilika lagoon, India. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3217-3222. [PMID: 36040632 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present paper reports the site of attachment preference, overlapping and partitioning of niche among different life stages of parasitic isopod Cymothoa indica Schiöedte and Meinert, 1884 in the Gobiidae fish Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton 1822) collected from the Chilika lagoon, India. Out of 2113 host fishes, 176 were found to be infected by the parasites. Out of the 233 different life stages of the parasites examined, 89 were female, 104 were male, and the rests were juveniles. 100% of the females, 84.6% of the male and 72.5% of the juveniles were found to be attached to the buccal cavity, while the rest of the males and juveniles were attached to the branchial cavity. In most cases, there was niche overlapping, leading to competition for the resources. Females preferred more specialized niches as compared to males and juveniles. In a few instances, there is niche partitioning, as shown by the male and juveniles. There is a negative correlation between the number of parasites found in the body of the fishes and the weight of the host fishes. This manuscript also provides a brief description of the different life stages of this parasite in the above-mentioned host collected from the same lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Mohapatra
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India.,Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam, Odisha, 761002, India
| | - Sameer Sura
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India
| | - Jaya Kishor Seth
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India.
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16
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Aneesh PT, Helna AK, Kumar AB. Redescription and further report of two buccal attaching fish parasitic cymothoids, Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Cymothoa bychowskyi Avdeev, 1979 (Crustacea: Isopoda) with a new record from the southern India Ocean. J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2099318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panakkool Thamban Aneesh
- Takehara Station, Setouchi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Takehara, Japan
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Karyavattom, India
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17
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Vigneshwaran P, Ravichandran S, Ajith Kumar T. Redescription of the monotypic micro-predatory isopod genera Alitropus H. Milne Edwards, 1840 and Barybrotes Schioedte & Meinert, 1879 (Isopoda, Cymothoida), with a taxonomic key to the Cymothooidea Leach, 1814 from India. J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.2008542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Vigneshwaran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, India
| | - S. Ravichandran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, India
- Government Thirumagal Mills College, Gudiyatham, India
| | - T.T. Ajith Kumar
- ICAR – National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
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18
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First report of parasitic isopod Nerocila orbignyi (Cymothoidae) from India with its molecular characterization. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:483-490. [DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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19
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Vigneshwaran P, Ajith Kumar T, Ravichandran S, Lal KK. Redescription and molecular characterisation of the predatory isopod Tachaea spongillicola Stebbing, 1907 (Isopoda: Corallanidae) infesting the freshwater fish Pangasius silasi from India. J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1983060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Vigneshwaran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T.T. Ajith Kumar
- ICAR – National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. Ravichandran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Government Thirumagal Mills College, Gudiyatham, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuldeep K. Lal
- ICAR – National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Raupach MJ, Rulik B, Spelda J. Surprisingly high genetic divergence of the mitochondrial DNA barcode fragment (COI) within Central European woodlice species (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Zookeys 2022; 1082:103-125. [PMID: 35115867 PMCID: PMC8794987 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1082.69851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding has become the most popular approach for species identification in recent years. As part of the German Barcode of Life project, the first DNA barcode library for terrestrial and freshwater isopods from Germany is presented. The analyzed barcode library included 38 terrestrial (78% of the documented species of Germany) and five freshwater (63%) species. A total of 513 new barcodes was generated and 518 DNA barcodes were analyzed. This analysis revealed surprisingly high intraspecific genetic distances for numerous species, with a maximum of 29.4% for Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii Brandt, 1833. The number of BINs per species ranged from one (32 species, 68%) to a maximum of six for Trachelipus rathkii (Brandt, 1833). In spite of such high intraspecific variability, interspecific distances with values between 12.6% and 29.8% allowed a valid species assignment of all analyzed isopods. The observed high intraspecific distances presumably result from phylogeographic events, Wolbachia infections, atypical mitochondrial DNAs, heteroplasmy, or various combinations of these factors. Our study represents the first step in generating an extensive reference library of DNA barcodes for terrestrial and freshwater isopods for future molecular biodiversity assessment studies.
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21
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Van der Wal S, Schädel M, Ekrt B, Haug JT. Description and ontogeny of a 40-million-year-old parasitic isopodan crustacean: Parvucymoides dvorakorum gen. et sp. nov. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12317. [PMID: 34966568 PMCID: PMC8667724 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A collection of exceptionally well-preserved fossil specimens of crustaceans, clearly representatives of Isopoda, is presented here. Excavated from the late Eocene (approximately 40 million years ago) freshwater sediments of the Trupelník hill field site near Kučlín, Czech Republic, these specimens are preserved with many details of the appendages. The morphological characteristics of the fossils were documented using macro-photography with polarised light, as well as stereo imaging. These characteristics, especially including the trunk appendage morphology, were compared to those of related extant groups from different ontogenetic stages. All specimens are conspecific, representing a single species Parvucymoides dvorakorum gen. et sp. nov. Morphometric analysis of body shapes and sizes of the reconstructed fossils and related extant species were performed. These analyses provided insight into the ontogenetic stages of each reconstructed fossil specimen. In combination with the morphological assessment, the results indicate that the fossils represent at least two (possibly three) developmental stages, including immatures. The morphology of the appendages suggests that these fossils were parasites. The fossils are interpreted as either representatives of Cymothoidae or at least closely related to this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serita Van der Wal
- Zoomorphology Group, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mario Schädel
- Zoomorphology Group, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Boris Ekrt
- Department of Paleontology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joachim T. Haug
- Zoomorphology Group, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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22
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First record of Lobothorax typus from Odisha coast, India, with molecular characterization and observation of its biphasic moulting. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:1077-1083. [PMID: 34789992 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct morphologies of Cymothoidae isopod, Lobothorax typus were collected from the marine water of Bay of Bengal, Goapalpur-on-Sea as the first record of this parasite from coastal water of Odisha, India. All specimens were found attached to the buccal region of different individuals of the same host fish Trichiurus lepturus. With the aid of COI gene sequencing and morphological analysis, the individuals were found to be conspecific. The most prominent variation among the two morphologies includes the size of 5th pereonite and pleon length to total body length ratio. These variations are as a result of the biphasic moulting process. Maximum Likelihood tree analysis based on COI gene sequences concluded the monophyletic taxonomy of different buccal attaching genera under the family Cymothoidae which is in congruence with their morphological divergence.
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23
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Nagasawa K. Cinusa nippon n. sp. (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) Parasitic in the Buccal Cavity of Coastal Puffers (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) from Japan, with the First Specimen-Based Record of the Isopod Genus from the Pacific Region. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:359-369. [PMID: 34342957 DOI: 10.2108/zs210009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cinusa nippon n. sp. is described as the second species of the genus from ovigerous females and adult males found in the buccal cavity of three species of coastal puffers [vermiculated puffer, Takifugu snyderi (Abe, 1989) (type host); panther puffer, Takifugu pardalis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1850); and fine patterned puffer, Takifugu flavipterus Matsuura, 2017], in the southern Sea of Japan off western Honshu, Japan. The female of the new species is distinguished from that of its single congener, Cinusa tetrodontis Schioedte and Meinert, 1884, by the shape of pereonite 1 (straight lateral margins with slightly produced anterolateral angles in the new species vs. rounded anterolateral sides and angles in C. tetrodontis). The number of recurved robust setae on the female's maxilliped article 3 is also different between the two species: C. nippon n. sp. has two robust setae, while C. tetrodontis has three robust setae. Moreover, the male of the new species is differentiated from that of C. tetrodontis in the number of antennal articles and recurved robust setae on the maxilla and maxilliped. Cinusa nippon n. sp. represents the first specimen-based record of the genus from the Pacific region. An amended diagnosis of the genus is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Nagasawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan,
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24
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Silva JOS, Colaço-Fernandes TR, Costa AC, Carvalho LN, Takemoto RM. Effect of burrowing cymothoid parasitism on loricariids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2021; 16:30-36. [PMID: 34401321 PMCID: PMC8350457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cymothoids belong to the order Isopoda and are ectoparasites of fishes, and their main parasitism strategies are by penetrating, burrowing, and lodging in the abdominal cavity of the hosts. Due to this complex parasitism strategy, they are considered highly host-specific parasites. We investigated the effects of parasitism of the burrowing cymothoid Artystone sp. on the loricarids Hisonotus chromodontus and Curculionichthys luteofrenatus in the Selma stream, a tributary of the Teles Pires river, Southern Amazon. The hypothesis under study is that parasitism causes negative effects on the feeding, reproduction, and length-weight relationship of the hosts. The presence of alternative hosts was also investigated. The parasitic interaction of Artystone sp. with Curculionichthys luteofrenatus and Hisonotus chromodontus was monitored for one year with standardized monthly collections, and was found to be highly specific when there were no other parasitized fish species. Parasitic castration caused by Artystone sp. occurred in Curculionichthys luteofrenatus and Hisonotus chromodontus hosts, and there was a higher prevalence of infestation in females. The weight-length relationship was lower in parasitized Hisonotus chromodontus hosts, indicating a negative effect on somatic increment, although all hosts had fully replete stomachs and gastrointestinal tracts. The greatest standard-length values for both species were observed in the parasitized hosts. The presence of parasitized young specimens with undifferentiated sex and immature males and females suggests that the parasitic interaction in both species starts at a young age. Burrowing cymothoids have a negative effect on the weight-length relationship of hosts. Burrowing cymothoids can castrate the host. Burrowing cymothoids have high host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Otávio Santos Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais - PEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, C.P 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura - Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Tropical – LIT, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Laboratório de Ictiologia Tropical – LIT, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
| | - Talles Romeu Colaço-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Tropical – LIT, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Andressa Cristina Costa
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Tropical – LIT, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais - PPGCAM, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Nobre Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Tropical – LIT, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais - PPGCAM, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Massato Takemoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais - PEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, C.P 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura - Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada - PGB, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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25
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Seepana R, Nigam NK, Musaliyarakam N, Chandrakasan S. Occurrence of ectoparasitic isopod Norileca indica (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) on bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) from Great Nicobar Island, India. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:306-312. [PMID: 34295026 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study records the occurrence and range extension of an ectoparasitic isopod, Norileca indica (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) from the branchial cavity of bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) collected from Pilobah, Great Nicobar Islands. Detailed morphological characteristic of the parasite were presented along with prevalence, mean intensity and abundance. Out of the 130 specimens of S. crumenophthalmus examined, 32 were found to be infested with N. indica. The sizes of the female specimens were in the ranges 14.0 to 20.1 mm and the male specimens were 13-14 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Seepana
- Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 744102 India
| | - Naveen Kumar Nigam
- Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 744102 India
| | - Nashad Musaliyarakam
- Fishery Survey of India, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 744101 India.,Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala 16 India
| | - Sivaperuman Chandrakasan
- Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 744102 India
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Bouguerche C, Tazerouti F, Gey D, Justine JL. Triple barcoding for a hyperparasite, its parasitic host, and the host itself: a study of Cyclocotyla bellones (Monogenea) on Ceratothoa parallela (Isopoda) on Boops boops (Teleostei). Parasite 2021; 28:49. [PMID: 34096866 PMCID: PMC8183466 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclocotyla bellones Otto, 1823 (Diclidophoridae) is a monogenean characterised by an exceptional way of life. It is a hyperparasite that attaches itself to the dorsal face of isopods, themselves parasites in the buccal cavity of fishes. In this study, Cy. bellones was found on Ceratothoa parallela (Otto, 1828), a cymothoid isopod parasite of the sparid fish Boops boops off Algeria in the Mediterranean Sea. We provide, for the first time, molecular barcoding information of a hyperparasitic monogenean, the parasitic crustacean host, and the fish host, with COI sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahinez Bouguerche
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement : Interactions – Génomes BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers Algeria
- Institut Systématique Évolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles 43 rue Cuvier CP 51 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Fadila Tazerouti
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement : Interactions – Génomes BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers Algeria
| | - Delphine Gey
- Service de Systématique moléculaire, UMS 2700 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités 43 rue Cuvier CP 26 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
- UMR7245 MCAM, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 43 rue Cuvier CP 52 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Jean-Lou Justine
- Institut Systématique Évolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles 43 rue Cuvier CP 51 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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27
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van der Wal S, Smit NJ, Bruce NL, Olaosebikan B, Hadfield KA. Two new species of branchial fish parasitic isopod of the genus Mothocya Costa, in Hope, 1851 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) from Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2021; 15:1-11. [PMID: 33912386 PMCID: PMC8066323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The branchial attaching, fish parasitic genus Mothocya Costa, in Hope, 1851 is recorded for the first time from Nigerian brackish waters on Monodactylus sebae (Perciformes: Monodactylidae). Mothocya andonin. sp. is characterised by a trapezoid-shaped cephalon with a subtruncate rostrum; pereonite 1 anterolateral angles only reaching to the posterior margin of the eyes; particularly large and wide coxa 7 extending to pleonite 4; pereopod 7 with a narrow basis; broadly rounded pleotelson; and uropods extending to the pleotelson posterior margin, with subequal rami. Mothocya powellin. sp. is characterised by its small size (7 mm); a posteriorly ovoid body shape; cephalon anterior margin truncate; a short pleon with pleotelson lateral margins converging to a narrowly rounded apex; pleonite lateral margins overlapped by pereonite 7; slender uropods that extend to the posterior margin of the pleotelson with the uropodal exopod almost double the length of the endopod. Mothocya andonin. sp. and Mothocya powellin. sp. are described. First records of Mothocya from Nigeria. Full descriptions and identifying characteristics for the two new species are provided. Increased knowledge on the understudied eastern South Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serita van der Wal
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,Zoomorphology Group, Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians Univsity, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Niel L Bruce
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,Biodiversity & Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, PO Box: 3300, South Brisbane BC, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Babatunde Olaosebikan
- Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, P.M.B. 1500, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Kerry A Hadfield
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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28
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Piazzon MC, Mladineo I, Dirks RP, Santidrián Yebra-Pimentel E, Hrabar J, Sitjà-Bobadilla A. Ceratothoa oestroides Infection in European Sea Bass: Revealing a Long Misunderstood Relationship. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645607. [PMID: 33777043 PMCID: PMC7991915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceratothoa oestroides (Cymothoidea, Isopoda) is a generalist crustacean parasite that negatively affects the economic sustainability of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) aquaculture in the North-East Mediterranean. While mortalities are observed in fry and fingerlings, infection in juvenile and adult fish result in approximately 20% growth delay. A transcriptomic analysis (PCR array, RNA-Seq) was performed on organs (tongue, spleen, head kidney, and liver) from infected vs. Ceratothoa-free sea bass fingerlings. Activation of local and systemic immune responses was detected, particularly in the spleen, characterized by the upregulation of cytokines (also in the tongue), a general reshaping of the immunoglobulin (Ig) response and suppression of T-cell mediated responses. Interestingly, starvation and iron transport and metabolism genes were strongly downregulated, suggesting that the parasite feeding strategy is not likely hematophagous. The regulation of genes related to growth impairment and starvation supported the growth delay observed in infected animals. Most differentially expressed (DE) transcripts were exclusive of a specific organ; however, only in the tongue, the difference between infected and uninfected fish was significant. At the attachment/feeding site, the pathways involved in muscle contraction and intercellular junction were the most upregulated, whereas the pathways involved in fibrosis (extracellular matrix organization, collagen formation, and biosynthesis) were downregulated. These results suggest that parasite-inflicted damage is successfully mitigated by the host and characterized by regenerative processes that prevail over the reparative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Ivona Mladineo
- Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia.,Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Ron P Dirks
- Future Genomics Technology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jerko Hrabar
- Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
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29
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Williams JD, Boyko CB. Out on a limb: novel morphology and position on appendages of two new genera and three new species of ectoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Dajidae) infesting isopod and decapod hosts. ZOOSYSTEMA 2021. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Williams
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, 1000 Hempstead Turnpike, Hempstead, NY 11549 (USA)
| | - Christopher B. Boyko
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, 1000 Hempstead Turnpike, Hempstead, NY 11549 (USA); and Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024 (USA)
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30
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Oliveira MSB, Tavares-Dias M. First report of Livoneca guianensis (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) in Leporinus fasciatus (Pisces: Anostomidae) in Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2020; 29:e020420. [PMID: 33295381 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to report the first record of the occurrence of the parasite Livoneca guianensis in Leporinus fasciatus in Brazil. In September 2019, during surveys of the parasites in 12 specimens of L. fasciatus from the lower Jari River basin, in Amapá State, Brazil, one specimen of L. guianensis was found in the tongue of one host. The prevalence of L. guianensis was 8.3%, and it was observed that this parasite has a geographic distribution restricted to South America, parasitizing fish species from Guyana and Brazil. This study contributed to the first report on the occurrence of L. guianensis for L. fasciatus in Brazil. In addition, increased the knowledge on the geographic distribution of this parasite with morphometric data, which are scarce for this Cymothoidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical - PPGBio, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical - PPGBio, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil.,Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
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31
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Virgilio LR, Oliveira MSB, Almeida LS, Takemoto RM, Camargo LMA, Meneguetti DUDO. Isopods Cymothoidae ectoparasites of fish from the Amazon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e017920. [PMID: 33295379 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most freshwater species of Cymothoidae are distributed in South America. They have mainly been recorded in the eastern and western regions of the Amazon River basin. However, in this ecosystem, the biodiversity of this group may be greater if the entire Amazon basin is considered. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to provide an updated list of isopod species of the family Cymothoidae that are found in fish in the Brazilian Amazon region and to report on new fish host occurrences and expanded geographical distributions for cymothoid isopods that parasitize fish in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon region. The parasites found in fish specimens were collected, fixed and identified later. We found eight species of Cymothoidae parasitizing different host fish species in the southwestern Amazon region. However, we found 14 species of Cymothoidae throughout the Brazilian Amazon region. Three additional species are thus reported here, which increases the number of species of Cymothoidae in this region to 17. These additional species are also new records for Brazil. Therefore, this study has contribute to expand the knowledge about the distribution and diversity of Cymothoidae in the Amazon basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucena Rocha Virgilio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil.,Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brasil
| | - Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical - PPGBio, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Lorrana Santana Almeida
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Massato Takemoto
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo - ICB5 USP, Monte Negro, RO, Brasil.,Laboratório de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
| | - Dionatas Ulises de Oliveira Meneguetti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil.,Laboratório de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
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32
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Purivirojkul W, Songsuk A. New Records of Fish Parasitic Isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Gulf of Thailand. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122298. [PMID: 33291694 PMCID: PMC7761986 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
From a total of 4140 marine fishes examined, eight species of parasitic isopods were reported from marine fishes in the Gulf of Thailand. These isopods were identified in two families, Corallanidae (Argathona macronema and Argathona rhinoceros) and Cymothoidae (Cymothoa eremita, Cymothoa elegans, Smenispa irregularis, Nerocila sundaica, Norileca indica and Norileca triangulata). Most of these parasitic isopods were found in the buccal cavity of their fish hosts with one host recorded as follows: C. eremita was found from Nemipterus hexodon, C. elegans was found from Scatophagus argus, N. sundaica was found from Saurida tumbil. The majority of the isopod specimens recorded in this study was S. irregularis, which was found in the buccal cavities of five host fish, Pampus argentius, Alepes melanoptera, Caranx hippos, Parastromateus niger and Terapon jarbua, with a prevalence of 11.67%, 10.43%, 9.78%, 6.10% and 4.21%, respectively. Argathona rhinoceros was found in the nasal cavity and branchial cavity of Epinephelus coioides, whereas A. macronema and N. triangulata were found on the skin of Epinephelus coioides and Seriolina nigrofasciata, respectively. The highest species diversity was found in E. coioides, which harbored two species of parasitic isopods, A. macronema and A. rhinoceros. Cymothoa eremita, C. elegans, S. irregularis and N. triangulata were recorded for the first time in the Gulf of Thailand. The reported discovery of C. eremita, S. irregularis, N. sundaica and N. triangulata in their fish hosts were new recorded hosts. Moreover, A. macronema and N. triangulata were found for the first time in the central Indo-Pacific region.
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33
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Rosa FDAS, Baillie C, Medeiros TDN, Ready JS. Habitat and host associations of the fish‐burrowing parasite
Artystone minima
(Cymothoidae: Isopoda) in eastern Amazonia. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio dos Anjos Santa Rosa
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity (CEABIO) Institute for Biological Sciences Federal University of Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Charles Baillie
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford UK
| | | | - Jonathan Stuart Ready
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity (CEABIO) Institute for Biological Sciences Federal University of Pará Belém Pará Brazil
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34
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Hadfield KA, Smit NJ. Review of the global distribution and hosts of the economically important fish parasitic isopod genus Ceratothoa (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), including the description of Ceratothoa springbok n. sp. from South Africa. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:899-919. [PMID: 32750362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fish parasites from the isopod family Cymothoidae have, in recent years, received increased global attention due to both their ecological and economic importance. This is particularly true for the buccal inhabiting genus Ceratothoa Dana, 1852, whose members have been implicated in negatively impacting the health of both farmed and wild-caught fishes. As research on this group increases, so does our understanding of their host specificity and distribution. The aims of this paper were thus to review the current distribution and host records of Ceratothoa and describe a new species, Ceratothoa springbok n. sp. from South Africa. Including the new species described here, there are currently 25 accepted Ceratothoa spp. known from eight of the 12 marine biogeographical realms of the world. The majority of Cymothoidae species are known to occur in the tropical realms, whereas our analyses show that the greatest diversity of Ceratothoa spp. can be found in temperate realms. These results indicate the possibility that Ceratothoa is more diverse in temperate regions. This review also highlights the low diversity of Ceratothoa from the oceans around both North and South America. Current records indicate that species of Ceratothoa parasitise 108 fish species in 76 genera and 41 families. Eleven Ceratothoa spp. demonstrate host specificity up to host genus or family level. Amongst the hosts, members of the Sparidae are parasitised by 13 species of Ceratothoa, making it the host family with the highest diversity of parasites from this genus. The new species, C. springbok n. sp., also parasitises a sparid and was found in the buccal cavity of the carpenter seabream, Argyrozona argyrozona. This new species, the largest of all recorded Ceratothoa (up to 65 mm) and amongst the largest of all Cymothoidae, is characterised by its truncate and ventrally folded frontal margin, pereonite 1 with medial indentations, the wide anterolateral margins of pereonite 1 with an inwardly produced point, and a well-developed carina on the basis of pereopod 7. A key to the southern African Ceratothoa is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Hadfield
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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35
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Fadel A, Bessat M, Abdel-Aziz M. Livoneca redmanii (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) in meagre Argyrosomus regius: parasitological and molecular diagnosis and proposed control measure. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 140:13-24. [PMID: 32618284 DOI: 10.3354/dao03490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Isopodiosis in cultured meagre Argyrosomus regius was investigated at 3 farms in the northern lakes of Egypt throughout 2018, based upon prevalence rate, parasitological examination, and molecular identification by PCR targeting the large ribosomal subunit 16S of the rRNA gene. Further, the susceptibility of A. regius to isopod infection was experimentally evaluated under hyposalination of 25, 15, and 8 ppt for 1 wk. The isolated isopod stages were morphologically identified as Livoneca redmanii Leach, 1818 with prevalence rates of 77.05 and 77.9% in Al-Madiyyah and Sidi Krir, respectively. The highest prevalence and salinity of 78.85% and 30-34 ppt were reported in El Matareya. DNA sequencing and molecular analysis confirmed the identification of L. redmanii. A. regius experimentally infected with L. redmanii under a hyposalination protocol at 15 and 8 ppt showed marked reduction in mortality (20 and 50%, respectively), and infection prevalence (40 and 63.33%, respectively). The serum lysozyme concentration and nitric oxide of treated fish at 15 and 8 ppt were significantly increased compared to those held at 25 and 33 ppt, whereas serum osmolality levels were higher at 25 and 33 ppt. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of L. redmanii in cultured A. regius in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Fadel
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries NIOF, El-Anfoshy, Qaitbay Bay Castle, Alexandria, 21556, Egypt
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36
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Mariasingarayan Y, Danaraj J, Perumal A, Narayanasamy R. Two new host records of the cymothoid isopods from Rameswaram Island, southeast coast of India. J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:486-490. [PMID: 32508429 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cymothoid isopods are parasitic crustaceans that are considered as a potential threat to the health of different fish species, which eventually lead to economic loss to the fisherman's society. For the first time, cymothoid isopods Nerocila sundaica and Nerocila poruvae infested on the two new host fish species viz., Eleutheronema tetradactylum and Setipinna taty, which were collected from Rameswaram Island, Southeast coast of India. Being an ectoparasite, N. sundaica was found attached on the gill chamber of E. tetradactylum, while N. poruvae was attached on the body surface of S. taty. The standard length 10-250 cm body mass was established for the new host species, and the parasitologic indexes were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuva Mariasingarayan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu 608 502 India
| | - Jeyapragash Danaraj
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu 608 502 India
| | - Anandaraj Perumal
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, C.Multur, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu India
| | - Rajendran Narayanasamy
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, C.Multur, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu India
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37
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Ribeiro AM, Mugnai R. New Distribution Record and Extension Range of Three Species of Cymothoid Isopods (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) in Maranhão State, Brazil. COMP PARASITOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldilene M. Ribeiro
- Labciclos Laboratórios de Biogeociclos/Limnologia Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais – CCAA – Campus IV, MA-230, KM 04, S/N, Boa Vista, CEP 65500-000, Chapadinha-MA, Maranhão State, Brazil (e-mail: aldile
| | - Riccardo Mugnai
- Labciclos Laboratórios de Biogeociclos/Limnologia Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais – CCAA – Campus IV, MA-230, KM 04, S/N, Boa Vista, CEP 65500-000, Chapadinha-MA, Maranhão State, Brazil (e-mail: aldile
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38
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Li Y, Xu W, Li X, Han Z, Zhang R, Li X, Chen Q. Metabolic responses of shrimp Palaemonetes sinensis to isopod Tachaea chinensis parasitization. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 138:227-235. [PMID: 32270763 DOI: 10.3354/dao03460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tachaea chinensis, a parasitic isopod, negatively affects the production of several commercially important shrimp species in China. The mechanism of parasite-host interaction cannot be accurately described by transcriptomic and proteomic approaches individually. Here, comparative metabolite profiling was used to achieve a broad coverage of primary metabolite changes in Chinese grass shrimp Palaemonetes sinensis following T. chinensis parasitization. In total, 66 metabolites were significantly differentially accumulated between the control and infected groups; of these, 19 were upregulated and 47 were downregulated after T. chinensis infection. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 10 pathways were significantly enriched. The protein digestion and absorption pathways were highly enriched, followed by the mineral absorption, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, and metabolic metabolism pathways. Parasitization by T. chinensis enhanced the glycolytic pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in P. sinensis, thereby releasing more energy for swimming, foraging, and evading predation. Glucogenic amino acids such as alanine, histidine, glutamine, and proline were consumed to generate glutamate and enhance the TCA cycle. Nucleotide-related metabolic pathways were downregulated, possibly because T. chinensis can secrete molecules to degrade nucleotides and inhibit hemostasis and inflammatory responses. These results suggest that the isopod parasite can increase the host's metabolic burden by enhancing the host's TCA cycle and secreting molecules to degrade host proteins, thereby enabling the parasite to feed on the host and inhibit an inflammatory response. The results will be a valuable contribution to understanding the metabolic responses of crustaceans to isopod parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang 110866, China
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39
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Mladineo I, Hrabar J, Vidjak O, Bočina I, Čolak S, Katharios P, Cascarano MC, Keklikoglou K, Volpatti D, Beraldo P. Host-Parasite Interaction between Parasitic Cymothoid Ceratothoa oestroides and Its Host, Farmed European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030230. [PMID: 32244948 PMCID: PMC7157214 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic isopod Ceratothoa oestroides (Cymothoidea, Isopoda) is a common and generalist buccal cavity-dweller in marine fish, recognised for its detrimental effect in fingerling and juvenile farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Although distributed throughout the Mediterranean, the isopod provokes acute outbreaks mainly limited to particular endemic areas in Croatia (Adriatic Sea) and Greece (Aegean Sea). While numerous studies have previously evidenced its gross effect on farmed fish (i.e. decreased condition index, slower growth rate, lethargy and mortality), details on the host-parasite interaction are still lacking. Therefore, using a multimethodological approach, we closely examined the structure and appearance of isopod body parts acting in the attachment and feeding (stereomicroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy), and the extent of host tissues damage (histology, immunohistochemistry, micro-computational tomography) induced by parasitation. Interestingly, while hematophagous nature of the parasite has been previously postulated we found no unambiguous data to support this; we observed host tissues fragmentation and extensive hyperplasia at the parasitation site, and no structures indicative of heme detoxifying mechanisms in the parasite gut, or other traces of a blood meal. The bacterial biofilm covering C. oestroides mouthparts and pereopods suggests that the isopod may play a role in conveying secondary pathogens to the infected host, or alternatively, it serves the parasite in normal interaction with its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Mladineo
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.H.); (O.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-408-047
| | - Jerko Hrabar
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.H.); (O.V.)
| | - Olja Vidjak
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.H.); (O.V.)
| | - Ivana Bočina
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | | | - Pantelis Katharios
- Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Heraklion, 712 01 Crete, Greece; (P.K.); (M.C.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Maria Chiara Cascarano
- Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Heraklion, 712 01 Crete, Greece; (P.K.); (M.C.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Kleoniki Keklikoglou
- Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Heraklion, 712 01 Crete, Greece; (P.K.); (M.C.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Donatella Volpatti
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (D.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Paola Beraldo
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (D.V.); (P.B.)
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Mahmoud NE, Fahmy MM, Abuowarda MM. Additional morphometric and phylogenetic studies on Mothocya melanosticta (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) parasitizing the Red Sea Nemipterus randalli fish in Egypt. J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:289-298. [PMID: 32508403 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cymothoidae, Leach, 1818 (Crustacea: Isopoda) are ectoparasites of marine, brackish and freshwater fishes that are reported to induce deleterious tissue impacts on the infested fish hosts. The present study aimed for the first-time screening of Mothocya melanosticta collected from the red sea fish Nemipterus randalli in Egypt. Surveillance study was conducted for isopod infestation among the Red Sea fish N. randalli revealing a total infestation rate of 40.96% with the species identified as M. melanosticta. The parasite species was isolated from the branchial cavity and gills. Morphometric description was estimated using dissecting stereo-microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) provided new additional features for the isolated species including the microtrich sensillum in the body cuticle and the fine structure of the mouth parts and body appendages. Mitochondrial COI gene of M. melanosticta female isolated in the present study from N. randalli was detected for the first time in Egypt and recorded in the GenBank (MK168807). The study showed that the detected isopod species represents one monophyletic group closely affiliated to the genospecies of M. melanosticta, and can be distinguished clearly from other isopods genospecies. Based on the genetic distance values, lower level of genetic divergence was indicated within the genospecies of the present M. melanosticta isolated from Egypt and the same species isolated from India. The present investigation recorded N. randalli fish as a new host for the isopod M. melanosticta in Egypt and provided additional morphological features through SEM as well as molecular characterization of this isopod species for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen E Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitolgy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Magdy M Fahmy
- Department of Parasitolgy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Mai M Abuowarda
- Department of Parasitolgy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
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New records of hosts for Excorallana longicornis and Nerocila acuminata (Crustacea: Isopoda) in brackish fish from the coast of the State of Amapá (Brazil), with an update on the geographic distribution of Nerocila acuminata. J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:420-428. [PMID: 32508417 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish are parasitized by several species of crustaceans, including Cymothoidae and Corallanidae. The aim of this study was to investigate the crustacean parasite fauna in Anableps anableps, Amphiarius rugispinis, Bagre bagre, Cathorops spixii, Cynoscion acoupa, Centropomus undecimalis, Macrodon ancylodon, Mugil curema, Megalops atlanticus, Pseudachenipterus nodosus, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Platystacus cotylephorus, Sciades passany, Sciades herzbergii, and Hypostomus ventrimaculata from the coast of the State of Amapá, eastern Amazon. In addition, an update on the geographic distribution of Nerocila acuminata in Brazilian Amazon is present. A total of 204 fish were examined and prevalence was 16.17%. A total of 185 Excorallana longicornis and Nerocila acuminata were collected and E. longicornis was the most frequent parasite species. The community of parasitic crustaceans in fish species from the coast of the State of Amapá consisted of two species of isopods, E. longicornis and N. acuminata, which are new records for nine host species here studied. Lastly, this is the first record of Nerocila acuminata for Brazil, besides the first report of E. longicornis for M. curema, C. acoupa, H. vetrimaculata, A. anableps, A. rugispinis, C. spixii and S. herzbergii; as well as N. acuminata for A. anableps, P. nodosus, A. rugispinis, C. spixii and M. atlanticus.
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Xu W, Han Z, Xing Y, Li X, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Li Y. Distribution of the parasitic isopod Tachaea chinensis in China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19965. [PMID: 31882704 PMCID: PMC6934580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tachaea chinensis Thielemann, 1910 (Isopoda: Corallanidae) is a branchial ectoparasite that attaches onto shrimps and prawns. However, the distribution of T. chinensis in China, especially its epidemiology, remains unclear. We determined the prevalence of T. chinensis on the ridgetail white prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda Holthuis, 1950) in Jiangsu Province. Fifty ponds in 10 shrimp farms were assessed. Isopod species were identified by morphological features and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene analysis. A literature review was performed to determine the geographical distribution of T. chinensis in China. Published data revealed that T. chinensis was geographically distributed throughout five provinces in China, including Liaoning, Tianjin, Henan, Hubei, and Guangxi. A total of 998 T. chinensis were collected from 50 ridgetail white prawn ponds in Yancheng City and Rudong County. Tachaea chinensis prevalence ranged from 0.98% to 4.42% in Yancheng City and 0.62% to 0.92% in Rudong County. This is the first study to investigate the geographical distribution of T. chinensis in China and determine the prevalence of T. chinensis on the ridgetail white prawn in Jiangsu Province. Overall, we provide available data that fill gaps in the epidemiology of T. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhibin Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yuenan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yingdong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Oliveira MSB, Esteves-Silva PH, Andrade MC, Tavares-Dias M. First report of Artystone trysibia (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) in Caquetaia spectabilis (Cichliformes: Cichlidae). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2019; 28:735-738. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The present study provides the first record of an isopod parasite (Artystone trysibia) on Caquetaia spectabilis, a cichlid from the eastern Amazon collected in the State of Amapá, northern Brazil. In May 2018, specimens of C. spectabilis were collected in the lower Jari River, and 33.3% were parasitized by A. trysibia on the tegument tissue between pelvic fins. No hemorrhage or injury signals were observed in the tegument of the host. This study also expanded the distribution of A. trysibia to the eastern Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Brasil; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brasil
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Kottarathil HA, Sahadevan AV, Kattamballi R, Kappalli S. Norileca indica (Crustacea: Isopoda, Cymothoidae) Infects Rastrelliger kanagurta Along the Malabar Coast of India - Seasonal Variation in the Prevalence and Aspects of Host-parasite Interactions. Zool Stud 2019; 58:e35. [PMID: 31966336 PMCID: PMC6917563 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2019.58-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports seasonal variations in the prevalence of host-parasite associations between Norileca indica, a cymothoid, and the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta along the Malabar Coast of India. Eighty-eight marine fish species belonging to diverse families were examined, and only R. kanagurta was shown to be parasitized by N. indica, indicating a narrow host specificity. The prevalence, mean intensity, and abundance were 30.70, 1.71, and 0.52%, respectively. Different life cycle of this parasite, from larva to adult, infect the host fish. In most instances, a pair of N. indica infected the host, and in these instances a male-female combination was the most common (89.17%). The monthly occurrence of N. indica was charted for a period of 38 months (July 2012 to July 2014; March 2017 to March 2018), and statistical comparison of the data showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) among seasons. A positive correlation (r = 0.40) was observed between the size of female parasites and that of their respective host fish. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.78) between the size of female parasites and their fecundity. In all instances, adult N. indica individuals were found to specifically attach to the mucus membrane of branchial operculum, causing visible physical damage, including atrophy (reduced length) of the gill filaments and overall loss of gill normalcy. Furthermore, permanent occupancy by female N. indica resulted in the formation of a deep pit in the gill chamber floor and also caused atrophy of gill filaments. Overall, our findings yielded a greater understanding of the occurrence, season-wise prevalence, and potential host- parasite associations of N. indica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrutha Vani Sahadevan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences,
Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, 671316, Kerala, India.
| | - Rijin Kattamballi
- Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College, Kannur,
670007, Kerala, India
| | - Sudha Kappalli
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences,
Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, 671316, Kerala, India.
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Bruce NL, Welicky RL, Hadfield KA, Smit NJ. A new genus and species of fish parasitic cymothoid (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the Indian Ocean coast of South Africa, with a key to the externally attaching genera of Cymothoidae. Zookeys 2019; 889:1-15. [PMID: 31777432 PMCID: PMC6872588 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.889.38638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bambalocraintwalagen. et sp. nov. is described from Sodwana Bay, north-eastern South Africa. The monotypic genus is characterised by the broadly truncate anterior margin of the head with a ventral rostrum, coxae 2–5 being ventral in position not forming part of the body outline and not or barely visible in dorsal view, and the posterolateral margins of pereonites 6 and 7 are posteriorly produced and broadly rounded. The antennulae bases are widely separated, with both antennula and antenna slender. The species is known only from the type locality and the known hosts are species of Pomacanthidae (Angelfish). A revised key to the externally attaching genera of Cymothoidae is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niel L Bruce
- Biodiversity & Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, PO Box: 3300, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia.,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Rachel L Welicky
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Kerry A Hadfield
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Baillie C, Welicky RL, Hadfield KA, Smit NJ, Mariani S, D Beck RM. Hooked on you: shape of attachment structures in cymothoid isopods reflects parasitic strategy. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:207. [PMID: 31703555 PMCID: PMC6839256 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parasite attachment structures are critical traits that influence effective host exploitation and survival. Morphology of attachment structures can reinforce host specificity and niche specialisation, or even enable host switching. Therefore, it is important to understand the determinants of variation in attachment structures. Cymothoid isopods are striking ectoparasites of fishes that include the infamous ‘tongue-biters.’ They are known to parasitise hosts in one of four qualitatively distinct anatomical regions. Here, we quantify variation in cymothoid attachment structures — hook-like appendages called dactyli — and test whether differences in dactylus shape are correlated with parasite mode (where they attach), allometry, or both, using multivariate ordinary least squares regression. We also assess the influence of shared ancestry on shape using a molecular phylogeny to weight our models using phylogenetic generalised least squares regression. Results We find clear differences in shape between externally-attaching and internally-attaching cymothoids but also between anterior and posterior dactyli across various species with the same attachment mode. Allometric effects are significant for anterior but not posterior dactyli. Mouth-attaching species show greater shape variability than gill- and mouth-attaching species. We find no evidence that there are clade-specific patterns of association between parasite mode and dactylus shape. Conclusions Parasite mode appears to be the main driver of attachment morphology. This likely reflects several components of parasite ecology including feeding and functional demands of attachment in different microhabitats. Geometric morphometric approaches to the quantification of shape variation of simple structures is an effective tool that provides new insights into the evolvability of parasite attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Baillie
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Rachel L Welicky
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, 98105, USA.,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Kerry A Hadfield
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Stefano Mariani
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Robin M D Beck
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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Li Y, Li X, Han Z, Xu W, Li X, Chen Q. Comparative Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Tachaea chinensis Isopod During Parasitism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:350. [PMID: 31681627 PMCID: PMC6798089 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic isopods perforate and attach to the host integument via the mandibles and then feed on hemolymph and exudate from the wounds. Such isopods attack a variety of commercially important fish and crustacean hosts. Similar to other hematophagous parasites, isopods may also employ biomolecules that affect host blood conglutination and defense systems. In the present study, a tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic approach was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in Tachaea chinensis parasites of shrimp, by comparing parasitic (fed) and pre-parasitic (unfed) individuals. We identified 888 proteins from a total of 1,510 peptides, with a significant difference in 129 between the fed and unfed groups. Among these, 37 were upregulated and 92 were downregulated in unfed T. chinensis. This indicates that T. chinensis may require more energy before parasitism during its search for a host. In addition, as is the case for other blood-sucking parasites, it might secrete antihemostatic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory molecules to facilitate blood meal acquisition. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use a TMT-based proteomic approach to analyze the proteome of isopod parasites, and the results will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of isopod parasitism on crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhibin Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weibin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Li Y, Li X, Xu W, Han Z, Zhao Y, Dong J, Wei H, Chen Q. Comparative iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the Chinese grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis) infected with the isopod parasite Tachaea chinensis. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:415. [PMID: 31443734 PMCID: PMC6708196 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although parasitic isopods can negatively affect the reproduction and ingestion of several commercially important crustaceans, little is known regarding the mechanisms that underlie these effects. METHODS In the present study, the iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) approach was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins in the Chinese grass shrimp Palaemonetes sinensis infected with the parasitic isopod Tachaea chinensis. RESULTS On the basis of our analysis, we identified 1262 proteins from a total of 4292 peptides. There was a significant difference in the expression of 182 proteins between the control and infected groups, among which 69 were upregulated and 113 were downregulated after T. chinensis infection. The differentially expressed proteins revealed that parasitism may inhibit the immune response, thereby increasing host vulnerability to additional lethal infection. Furthermore, T. chinensis may secrete anticoagulants to inhibit hemolymph clotting. Moreover, the isopod parasite placed a heavy metabolic burden on the host, particularly with respect to glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to use the iTRAQ-based proteomic approach to analyze the effects of an isopod parasite on its host. The results we obtained using this approach will make a valuable contribution to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying isopod parasitism on crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Weibin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhibin Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jing Dong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hua Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Welicky RL, Smit NJ. Redescription and molecular characterisation of the fish ectoparasite Anilocra capensis Leach, 1818 (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), with description of six new species of Anilocra Leach, 1818 from Africa. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:387. [PMID: 31370874 PMCID: PMC6676570 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anilocra capensis Leach, 1818 is the only named species of Anilocra Leach, 1818 from South Africa. Anilocra is a large genus (> 40 species) with high levels of diversity reported from the Caribbean and Indo-West Pacific. Considering it is highly unlikely that all records of Anilocra from South Africa can be of a single species, the aim of this study was to better understand the diversity of Anilocra from this region and continent. METHODS To redescribe A. capensis, the syntypes of A. capensis and specimens recorded as A. capensis from Africa were borrowed from the Natural History Museum, London, UK, and The iZiko South African Museum, Cape Town. Newly collected fresh samples of A. capensis were collected from off Cape Town, South Africa. Morphological redescriptions of the syntypes, and other museum and fresh material were conducted. Fresh samples were used to characterise molecularly A. capensis using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1). RESULTS Morphological analyses demonstrated that apart from A. capensis there are six Anilocra species new to science from Africa: Anilocra ianhudsoni n. sp., Anilocra bunkleywilliamsae n. sp., Anilocra paulsikkeli n. sp., Anilocra jovanasi n. sp., Anilocra angeladaviesae n. sp. and Anilocra hadfieldae n. sp. Of the species under study, specimens of A. capensis appear to demonstrate the most individual variation, which occurs in pleonite width, pleotelson form and uropod length. We determined that African species of Anilocra can be primarily differentiated by the proportional shape and size of the full body in dorsal view and pereonites 1, 6 and 7. Other defining morphological traits include proportional shape and size of the pereopods, and the antenna and antennula peduncles. Lastly, the molecular characterisation of A. capensis is provided and the interspecific divergence with Mediterranean species is smaller than that with Caribbean species. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide a detailed redescription of A. capensis and the first molecular barcode for this organism. Six new species of Anilocra from Africa are described, establishing that the diversity of Anilocra in this region is greater than previously known. With this new understanding of species differences, we can accurately conduct detailed molecular and ecological analyses of Anilocra from Africa with certainty of the organism under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Welicky
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
- Present Address: School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
| | - Nico J. Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
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Smit NJ, Bruce NL, Hadfield KA. Life Cycle and Life History Strategies of Parasitic Crustacea. PARASITIC CRUSTACEA 2019; 3. [PMCID: PMC7124122 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17385-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Different parasitic life strategies are described including four new life cycles: complex rebrooding, micro-male, mesoparasite and prey-predator transfer. Four new life cycle behaviours are named: nursery hiding, mid-moult stage, positive precursor (intraspecific antagonism) and negative precursor (ambush strategy). Further strategies discussed are opossum attack, double parasitism (doubling of the normal reproductive set), duplex arrangement (separated male-female pairs), simple rebrooding, and describing how displaced parasites and superinfections may partly elucidate life cycles. Proportional stunting masks life history effects of parasitism; cuckoo copepods are true parasites and not just associates; burrowing barnacles (acrothoracicans) are not parasites. Further findings based on life cycle information: branchiurans and pentastomes are possibly not related; firefly seed shrimp are not parasites; copepod pre-adult life cycle stages are common in the western pacific but rare in Caribbean; harpacticoids on vertebrates are not parasites; cuckoo copepods are true parasites; explained the importance of pennellid intermediate hosts. Crustacean parasite life cycles are largely unknown (1% of species). Most crustacean life cycles represent minor modifications from the ancestral free-living mode. Crustacean parasites have less complex and less modified life cycles than other major parasite groups. This limits their exploitation of, and effectiveness, in parasitism. However, these life cycles will be an advantage in Global Change. Most metazoan parasites will be eliminated while crustaceans (and nematodes) will inherit the new world of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J. Smit
- North-West University, and Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management , Potchefstroom, Northwest South Africa
| | - Niel L. Bruce
- Biodiversity & Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia, and Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Kerry A. Hadfield
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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