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Li R, Xu Y, Zhao J, Zhang L, Zhong W, Gao X, Liu X, Chen M, Wang M. Comparison of radiotherapy versus surgical resection following neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in potentially resectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: A propensity score matching analysis. Lung Cancer 2024; 194:107884. [PMID: 38991281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by surgery is recommended for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a considerable proportion of patients do not undergo surgery and opt for alternative treatments such as radiotherapy. The efficacy of radiotherapy in this context remains unclear. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed data from patients with stage III NSCLC who received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by either surgery or radiotherapy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the heterogeneity between the groups. Efficacy outcomes, safety profiles, and disease recurrence patterns were assessed. RESULTS In total, 175 patients were included; 50 underwent radiotherapy, and 125 underwent surgery. Prior to matching, radiotherapy was inferior to surgery in terms of progression-free survival (PFS; Hazard ratio [HR], 2.23; P = 0.008). Following a 1:1 PSM adjustment, each group consisted of 40 patients. The median PFS was 30.8 months in the radiotherapy group and not reached in the surgery group (HR, 1.46; P = 0.390). The 12- and 24-month PFS rates were 90.4 % and 69.0 % for the radiotherapy group compared to 94.1 % and 73.9 % for the surgery group, respectively. Subgroup analyses after PSM showed that patients with stage IIIA disease tend to benefit more from surgery than those with stage IIIB disease (HR, 3.00; P = 0.074). Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 62.5 % of patients in the radiotherapy group and 55.0 % in the surgery group, with no grade 5 TRAEs reported. The incidence of grade 3-4 treatment-related pneumonitis or pneumonia was 7.5 % and 2.5 % in the radiotherapy and surgery groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Radiotherapy may be a viable alternative to surgery in patients with resectable NSCLC who do not undergo surgical resection after initial neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, offering comparable efficacy and a manageable safety profile. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and optimize the treatment strategies for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoxing Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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Chiou C, Wu Y, Huang P, Lan K, Chen Y, Kang Y, Chou L, Hu Y. The potential of integrating stereotactic ablative radiotherapy techniques with hyperfractionation for lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:1679-1687. [PMID: 38881388 PMCID: PMC11293925 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited literature exists on the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) techniques with hyperfractionated regimens for patients with lung cancer. This study aims to assess whether the SABR technique with hyperfractionation can potentially reduce lung toxicity. METHODS We utilized the linear-quadratic model to find the optimal fraction to maximize the tumor biological equivalent dose (BED) to normal-tissue BED ratio. Validation was performed by comparing the SABR plans with 50 Gy/5 fractions and hyperfractionationed plans with 88.8 Gy/74 fractions with the same tumor BED and planning criteria for 10 patients with early-stage lung cancer. Mean lung BED, Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), critical volume (CV) criteria (volume below BED of 22.92 and 25.65 Gy, and mean BED for lowest 1000 and 1500 cc) and the percentage of the lung receiving 20Gy or more (V20) were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS The transition point occurs when the tumor-to-normal tissue ratio (TNR) of the physical dose equals the TNR of α/β in the BED dose-volume histogram of the lung. Compared with the hypofractionated regimen, the hyperfractionated regimen is superior in the dose range above but inferior below the transition point. The hyperfractionated regimen showed a lower mean lung BED (6.40 Gy vs. 7.73 Gy) and NTCP (3.50% vs. 4.21%), with inferior results concerning CV criteria and higher V20 (7.37% vs. 7.03%) in comparison with the hypofractionated regimen (p < 0.01 for all). CONCLUSIONS The hyperfractionated regimen has an advantage in the high-dose region of the lung but a disadvantage in the low-dose region. Further research is needed to determine the superiority between hypo- and hyperfractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi‐Chuan Chiou
- Department of Heavy Particles and Radiation OncologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan‐Hung Wu
- Department of Heavy Particles and Radiation OncologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Therapeutic and Research Center of Pancreatic CancerTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Pin‐I Huang
- Department of Heavy Particles and Radiation OncologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Keng‐Li Lan
- Department of Heavy Particles and Radiation OncologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Yi‐Wei Chen
- Department of Heavy Particles and Radiation OncologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Yu‐Mei Kang
- Department of Heavy Particles and Radiation OncologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Lin‐Shan Chou
- Department of Heavy Particles and Radiation OncologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
| | - Yu‐Wen Hu
- Department of Heavy Particles and Radiation OncologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
- Institute of Public Health, College of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan, ROC
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3
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Qu H, Shi X, Xu Y, Qin H, Li J, Cai S, Zhao J, Wan B, Yang Y, Li B. Mechanism of Musashi2 affecting radiosensitivity of lung cancer by modulating DNA damage repair. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e548. [PMID: 38645664 PMCID: PMC11032739 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying new targets for overcoming radioresistance is crucial for improving the efficacy of lung cancer radiotherapy, given that tumor cell resistance is a leading cause of treatment failure. Recent research has spotlighted the significance of Musashi2 (MSI2) in cancer biology. In this study, we first demonstrated that MSI2 plays a key function in regulating the radiosensitivity of lung cancer. The expression of MSI2 is negatively correlated with overall survival in cancer patients, and the knockdown of MSI2 inhibits tumorigenesis and increases radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells. Cellular radiosensitivity, which is closely linked to DNA damage, is influenced by MSI2 interaction with ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) post-irradiation; moreover, knockdown of MSI2 inhibits the ATR-mediated DNA damage response pathway. RNA-binding motif protein 17 (RBM17), which is implicated in DNA damage repair, exhibits increased interaction with MSI2 post-irradiation. We found that knockdown of RBM17 disrupted the interaction between MSI2 and ATR post-irradiation and increased the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we revealed the potential mechanism of MSI2 recruitment into the nucleus with the assistance of RBM17 to activate ATR to promote radioresistance. This study provides novel insights into the potential application of MSI2 as a new target in lung cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Qu
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiong Shi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and RegenerationTongji Research Institute of StomatologyDepartment of Radiology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hongran Qin
- Department of Nuclear RadiationShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junshi Li
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shanlin Cai
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianpeng Zhao
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bingbing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bailong Li
- Department of Radiation MedicineFaculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Dejonckheere CS, Höller U, Käsmann L. [Nintedanib for the treatment of radiation pneumonitis]. Strahlenther Onkol 2024; 200:457-459. [PMID: 38421432 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-024-02216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cas Stefaan Dejonckheere
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland.
| | - Ulrike Höller
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Lukas Käsmann
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
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Giannini N, Gadducci G, Fuentes T, Gonnelli A, Di Martino F, Puccini P, Naso M, Pasqualetti F, Capaccioli S, Paiar F. Electron FLASH radiotherapy in vivo studies. A systematic review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1373453. [PMID: 38655137 PMCID: PMC11035725 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1373453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
FLASH-radiotherapy delivers a radiation beam a thousand times faster compared to conventional radiotherapy, reducing radiation damage in healthy tissues with an equivalent tumor response. Although not completely understood, this radiobiological phenomenon has been proved in several animal models with a spectrum of all kinds of particles currently used in contemporary radiotherapy, especially electrons. However, all the research teams have performed FLASH preclinical studies using industrial linear accelerator or LINAC commonly employed in conventional radiotherapy and modified for the delivery of ultra-high-dose-rate (UHDRs). Unfortunately, the delivering and measuring of UHDR beams have been proved not to be completely reliable with such devices. Concerns arise regarding the accuracy of beam monitoring and dosimetry systems. Additionally, this LINAC totally lacks an integrated and dedicated Treatment Planning System (TPS) able to evaluate the internal dose distribution in the case of in vivo experiments. Finally, these devices cannot modify dose-time parameters of the beam relevant to the flash effect, such as average dose rate; dose per pulse; and instantaneous dose rate. This aspect also precludes the exploration of the quantitative relationship with biological phenomena. The dependence on these parameters need to be further investigated. A promising advancement is represented by a new generation of electron LINAC that has successfully overcome some of these technological challenges. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature on in vivo experiments using electron FLASH radiotherapy and explore the promising clinical perspectives associated with this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Giannini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
- Centro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gadducci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
- Centro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Taiusha Fuentes
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
- Centro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gonnelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
- Centro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Martino
- Centro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Unit of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)-section of Pisa, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Paola Puccini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Monica Naso
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasqualetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Simone Capaccioli
- Centro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paiar
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
- Centro Pisano Multidisciplinare Sulla Ricerca e Implementazione Clinica Della Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
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Rankine LJ, Lu J, Wang Z, Kelsey CR, Marks LB, Das SK, Driehuys B. Quantifying Regional Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in Patients Using Hyperpolarized 129Xe Gas Exchange Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)00359-6. [PMID: 38452858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced lung injury has been shown to alter regional ventilation and perfusion in the lung. However, changes in regional pulmonary gas exchange have not previously been measured. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ten patients receiving conventional radiation therapy (RT) for lung cancer underwent pre-RT and 3-month post-RT magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an established hyperpolarized 129Xe gas exchange technique to map lung function. Four patients underwent an additional 8-month post-RT MRI. The MR signal from inhaled xenon was measured in the following 3 pulmonary compartments: the lung airspaces, the alveolar membrane tissue, and the pulmonary capillaries (interacting with red blood cells [RBCs]). Thoracic 1H MRI scans were acquired, and deformable registration was used to transfer 129Xe functional maps to the RT planning computed tomography scan. The RT-associated changes in ventilation, membrane uptake, and RBC transfer were computed as a function of regional lung dose (equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions). Pearson correlations and t tests were used to determine statistical significance, and weighted sum of squares linear regression subsequently characterized the dose dependence of each functional component. The pulmonary function testing metrics of forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide were also acquired at each time point. RESULTS Compared with pre-RT baseline, 3-month post-RT ventilation decreased by an average of -0.24 ± 0.05%/Gy (ρ = -0.88; P < .001), membrane uptake increased by 0.69 ± 0.14%/Gy (ρ = 0.94; P < .001), and RBC transfer decreased by -0.41 ± 0.06%/Gy (ρ = -0.92; P < .001). Membrane uptake maintained a strong positive correlation with regional dose at 8 months post-RT, demonstrating an increase of 0.73 ± 0.11%/Gy (ρ = 0.92; P = .006). Changes in membrane uptake and RBC transfer appeared greater in magnitude (%/Gy) for individuals with low heterogeneity in their baseline lung function. An increase in whole-lung membrane uptake showed moderate correlation with decreases in forced vital capacity (ρ = -0.50; P = .17) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (ρ = -0.44; P = .23), with neither correlation reaching statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI measured and quantified regional, RT-associated, dose-dependent changes in pulmonary gas exchange. This tool could enable future work to improve our understanding and management of radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leith J Rankine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Medical Physics Graduate Program.
| | | | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Lawrence B Marks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shiva K Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bastiaan Driehuys
- Medical Physics Graduate Program; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Siva Kumar S, Bradley JA, Mendenhall NP, Mailhot Vega RB, Brooks ED, Okunieff PG, Giap F, Burchianti T, Daily K, Heldermon CD, Galochkina Z, Lee JH, Swarts S, O’Dell WG. Effects on Lung Tissue After Breast Cancer Radiation: Comparing Photon and Proton Therapies. Int J Part Ther 2024; 11:100006. [PMID: 38757081 PMCID: PMC11095095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpt.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In breast cancer, improved treatment approaches that reduce injury to lung tissue and early diagnosis and intervention for lung toxicity are increasingly important in survivorship. The aims of this study are to (1) compare lung tissue radiographic changes in women treated with conventional photon radiation therapy and those treated with proton therapy (PT), (2) assess the volume of lung irradiated to 5 Gy (V5) and 20 Gy (V20) by treatment modality, and (3) quantify the effects of V5, V20, time, and smoking history on the severity of tissue radiographic changes. Patients and Methods A prospective observational study of female breast cancer patients was conducted to monitor postradiation subclinical lung tissue radiographic changes. Repeated follow-up x-ray computed tomography scans were acquired through 2 years after treatment. In-house software was used to quantify an internally normalized measure of pulmonary tissue density change over time from the computed tomography scans, emphasizing the 6- and 12-month time points. Results Compared with photon therapy, PT was associated with significantly lower lung V5 and V20. Lung V20 (but not V5) correlated significantly with increased subclinical lung tissue radiographic changes 6 months after treatment, and neither correlated with lung effects at 12 months. Significant lung tissue density changes were present in photon therapy patients at 6 and 12 months but not in PT patients. Significant lung tissue density change persisted at 12 months in ever-smokers but not in never-smokers. Conclusion Patients treated with PT had significantly lower radiation exposure to the lungs and less statistically significant tissue density change, suggesting decreased injury and/or improved recovery compared to photon therapy. These findings motivate additional studies in larger, randomized, and more diverse cohorts to further investigate the contributions of treatment modality and smoking regarding the short- and long-term radiographic effects of radiation on lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie A. Bradley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nancy P. Mendenhall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raymond B. Mailhot Vega
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric D. Brooks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul G. Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fantine Giap
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Teena Burchianti
- University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Karen Daily
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Coy D. Heldermon
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhanna Galochkina
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida College of Health Profession & Public Health and College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Walter G. O’Dell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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8
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Brown KH, Ghita-Pettigrew M, Kerr BN, Mohamed-Smith L, Walls GM, McGarry CK, Butterworth KT. Characterisation of quantitative imaging biomarkers for inflammatory and fibrotic radiation-induced lung injuries using preclinical radiomics. Radiother Oncol 2024; 192:110106. [PMID: 38253201 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Radiomics is a rapidly evolving area of research that uses medical images to develop prognostic and predictive imaging biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to identify radiomics features correlated with longitudinal biomarkers in preclinical models of acute inflammatory and late fibrotic phenotypes following irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female C3H/HeN and C57BL6 mice were irradiated with 20 Gy targeting the upper lobe of the right lung under cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image-guidance. Blood samples and lung tissue were collected at baseline, weeks 1, 10 & 30 to assess changes in serum cytokines and histological biomarkers. The right lung was segmented on longitudinal CBCT scans using ITK-SNAP. Unfiltered and filtered (wavelet) radiomics features (n = 842) were extracted using PyRadiomics. Longitudinal changes were assessed by delta analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to remove redundancy and identify clustering. Prediction of acute (week 1) and late responses (weeks 20 & 30) was performed through deep learning using the Random Forest Classifier (RFC) model. RESULTS Radiomics features were identified that correlated with inflammatory and fibrotic phenotypes. Predictive features for fibrosis were detected from PCA at 10 weeks yet overt tissue density was not detectable until 30 weeks. RFC prediction models trained on 5 features were created for inflammation (AUC 0.88), early-detection of fibrosis (AUC 0.79) and established fibrosis (AUC 0.96). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the application of deep learning radiomics to establish predictive models of acute and late lung injury. This approach supports the wider application of radiomics as a non-invasive tool for detection of radiation-induced lung complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Brown
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Mihaela Ghita-Pettigrew
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Brianna N Kerr
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Letitia Mohamed-Smith
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gerard M Walls
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Conor K McGarry
- Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Karl T Butterworth
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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9
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Bensenane R, Helfre S, Cao K, Carton M, Champion L, Girard N, Glorion M, Vieira T, Waissi W, Crehange G, Beddok A. Optimizing lung cancer radiation therapy: A systematic review of multifactorial risk assessment for radiation-induced lung toxicity. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 124:102684. [PMID: 38278078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy (RT) is essential in treating advanced lung cancer, but may lead to radiation pneumonitis (RP). This systematic review investigates the use of pulmonary function tests (PFT) and other parameters to predict and mitigate RP, thereby improving RT planning. METHODS A systematic review sifted through PubMed and on BioMed Central, targeting articles from September 2005 to December 2022 containing the keywords: Lung Cancer, Radiotherapy, and pulmonary function test. RESULTS From 1153 articles, 80 were included. RP was assessed using CTCAEv.4 in 30 % of these. Six studies evaluated post-RT quality of life in lung cancer patients, reporting no decline. Patients with RP and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) generally exhibited poorer overall survival. Notably, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) declined 24 months post-RT, while forced vital capacity (FVC) stayed stable. In the majority of studies, age over 60, tumors located in the lower part of the lung, and low FEV1 before RT were associated with a higher risk of RP. Dosimetric factors (V5, V20, MLD) and metabolic imaging emerged as significant predictors of RP risk. A clinical checklist blending patient and tumor characteristics, PFT results, and dosimetric criteria was proposed for assessing RP risk before RT. CONCLUSION The review reveals the multifactorial nature of RP development following RT in lung cancer. This approach should guide individualized management and calls for a prospective study to validate these findings and enhance RP prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Bensenane
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France
| | - Sylvie Helfre
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France
| | - Kim Cao
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Girard
- Institut Curie, Department of Thoracic Oncology, Paris, France
| | | | - Thibaut Vieira
- Institut Mutualist Montsouris, Department of Pneumology, Paris, France
| | - Waisse Waissi
- Centre Léon Bérard, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Crehange
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France
| | - Arnaud Beddok
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, Inserm LITO, 91898 Orsay, France.
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10
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Kuipers ME, van Doorn-Wink KCJ, Hiemstra PS, Slats AM. Predicting Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in Patients With Lung Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:639-649. [PMID: 37924986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is one of the main dose-limiting toxicities in radiation therapy (RT) for lung cancer. Approximately 10% to 20% of patients show signs of RILI of variable severity. The reason for the wide range of RILI severity and the mechanisms underlying its development are only partially understood. A number of clinical risk factors have been identified that can aid in clinical decision making. Technological advancements in RT and the use of strict organ-at-risk dose constraints have helped to reduce RILI. Predicting patients at risk for RILI may be further improved with a combination of cytokine assessments, γH2AX-assays in leukocytes, or epigenetic markers. A complicating factor is the lack of an objective definition of RILI. Tools such as computed tomography densitometry, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography uptake, changes in lung function measurements, and exhaled breath analysis can be implemented to better define and quantify RILI. This can aid in the search for new biomarkers, which can be accelerated by omics techniques, single-cell RNA sequencing, mass cytometry, and advances in patient-specific in vitro cell culture models. An objective quantification of RILI combined with these novel techniques can aid in the development of biomarkers to better predict patients at risk and allow personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merian E Kuipers
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies M Slats
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Guo H, Yu R, Zhang H, Wang W. Cytokine, chemokine alterations and immune cell infiltration in Radiation-induced lung injury: Implications for prevention and management. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111263. [PMID: 38000232 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the primary treatments for thoracic malignancies, with radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) emerging as its most prevalent complication. RILI encompasses early-stage radiation pneumonitis (RP) and the subsequent development of radiation pulmonary fibrosis (RPF). During radiation treatment, not only are tumor cells targeted, but normal tissue cells, including alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells, also sustain damage. Within the lungs, ionizing radiation boosts the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species across various cell types. This elevation precipitates the release of cytokines and chemokines, coupled with the infiltration of inflammatory cells, culminating in the onset of RP. This pulmonary inflammatory response can persist, spanning a duration from several months to years, ultimately progressing to RPF. This review aims to explore the alterations in cytokine and chemokine release and the influx of immune cells post-ionizing radiation exposure in the lungs, offering insights for the prevention and management of RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianshui People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223400, China; Jiangsu Nursing Vocational and Technical College, Huai'an 223400, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wanpeng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianshui People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223400, China; Jiangsu Nursing Vocational and Technical College, Huai'an 223400, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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12
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An YC, Kim JH, Noh JM, Yang KM, Oh YJ, Park SG, Pyo HR, Lee HY. Quantification of diffuse parenchymal lung disease in non-small cell lung cancer patients with definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy for predicting radiation pneumonitis. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:3530-3539. [PMID: 37953066 PMCID: PMC10733155 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to quantify diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) extent using quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis and to investigate its association with radiation pneumonitis (RP) development in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT). METHODS A total of 82 NSCLC patients undergoing definitive CCRT were included in this prospective cohort study. Pretreatment CT scans were analyzed using quantitative CT analysis software. Low-attenuation area (LAA) features based on lung density and texture features reflecting interstitial lung disease (ILD) were extracted from the whole lung. Clinical and dosimetric factors were also evaluated. RP development was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for grade ≥3 (≥GR3) RP. RESULTS RP was identified in 68 patients (73.9%), with nine patients (10.9%) experiencing ≥GR3 RP. Univariable logistic regression analysis identified excess kurtosis and high-attenuation area (HAA)_volume (cc) as significantly associated with ≥GR3 RP. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the combined use of imaging features and clinical factors (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], and CHEMO regimen) demonstrated the best performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.924) in predicting ≥GR3 RP. CONCLUSION Quantified imaging features of DPLD obtained from pretreatment CT scans would predict the occurrence of RP in NSCLC patients undergoing definitive CCRT. Combining imaging features with clinical factors could improve the accuracy of the predictive model for severe RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chan An
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Radiation OncologySamsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jae Myung Noh
- Department of Radiation OncologySamsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Yang
- Department of Radiation OncologySamsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - You Jin Oh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sung Goo Park
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hong Ryul Pyo
- Department of Radiation OncologySamsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ho Yun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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13
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Wang R, Ma X, Zhang X, Jiang D, Mao H, Li Z, Tian Y, Cheng B. Autophagy-mediated NKG2D internalization impairs NK cell function and exacerbates radiation pneumonitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250920. [PMID: 38077388 PMCID: PMC10704197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Radiation pneumonitis is a critical complication that constrains the use of radiation therapy for thoracic malignancies, leading to substantial morbidity via respiratory distress and lung function impairment. The role of Natural killer (NK) cells in inflammatory diseases is well-documented; however, their involvement in radiation pneumonitis is not fully understood. Methods To explore the involvement of NK cells in radiation pneumonitis, we analyzed tissue samples for NK cell presence and function. The study utilized immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and immunoprecipitation to investigate CXCL10 and ROS levels, autophagy activity, and NKG2D receptor dynamics in NK cells derived from patients and animal models subjected to radiation. Result In this study, we observed an augmented infiltration of NK cells in tissues affected by radiation pneumonitis, although their function was markedly diminished. In animal models, enhancing NK cell activity appeared to decelerate the disease progression. Concomitant with the disease course, there was a notable upsurge in CXCL10 and ROS levels. CXCL10 was found to facilitate NK cell migration through CXCR3 receptor activation. Furthermore, evidence of excessive autophagy in patient NK cells was linked to ROS accumulation, as indicated by immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. The association between the NKG2D receptor and its adaptor proteins (AP2 subunits AP2A1 and AP2M1), LC3, and lysosomes was intensified after radiation exposure, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. This interaction led to NKG2D receptor endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation. Conclusion Our findings delineate a mechanism by which radiation-induced lung injury may suppress NK cell function through an autophagy-dependent pathway. The dysregulation observed suggests potential therapeutic targets; hence, modulating autophagy and enhancing NK cell activity could represent novel strategies for mitigating radiation pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Tian
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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14
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Kim SY, Park S, Cui R, Lee H, Choi H, Farh MEA, Jo HI, Lee JH, Song HJ, Lee YJ, Lee YS, Lee BY, Cho J. NXC736 Attenuates Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis via Regulating NLRP3/IL-1β Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16265. [PMID: 38003456 PMCID: PMC10671169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is a common complication of radiotherapy in lung cancer. However, to date no effective treatment has been developed for this condition. NXC736 is a novel small-molecule compound that inhibits NLRP3, but its effect on RILF is unknown. NLRP3 activation is an important trigger for the development of RILF. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of NXC736 on lung fibrosis inhibition using a RILF animal model and to elucidate its molecular signaling pathway. The left lungs of mice were irradiated with a single dose of 75 Gy. We observed that NXC736 treatment inhibited collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in irradiated mouse lung tissues. The damaged lung volume, evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, was lower in NXC736-treated mice than in irradiated mice. NXC736-treated mice exhibited significant changes in lung function parameters. NXC736 inhibited inflammasome activation by interfering with the NLRP3-ASC-cleaved caspase-1 interaction, thereby reducing the expression of IL-1β and blocking the fibrotic pathway. In addition, NXC736 treatment reduced the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers such as α-SMA, vimentin, and twist by blocking the Smad 2,3,4 signaling pathway. These data suggested that NXC736 is a potent therapeutic agent against RILF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ronglan Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- Nextgen Bioscience, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13487, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed El-Agamy Farh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai In Jo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Lee
- Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Yong Lee
- Nextgen Bioscience, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13487, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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15
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Pan Y, Zhang JT, Gao X, Chen ZY, Yan B, Tan PX, Yang XR, Gao W, Gong Y, Tian Z, Liu SYM, Lin H, Sun H, Huang J, Liu SY, Yan HH, Dong S, Xu CR, Chen HJ, Wang Z, Li P, Guan Y, Wang BC, Yang JJ, Tu HY, Yang XN, Zhong WZ, Xia X, Yi X, Zhou Q, Wu YL. Dynamic circulating tumor DNA during chemoradiotherapy predicts clinical outcomes for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1763-1773.e4. [PMID: 37816331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains unclear but is critical for detecting molecular residual disease (MRD). In this prospective study, we sequenced 761 blood samples from 139 patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT). ctDNA concentrations showed a significantly declining trend as CRT progressed at on-RT and after-RT time points versus baseline. Thirty-eight (27.3%) patients with early undetectable ctDNA at both on-RT (RT reached 40 Gy) and after-RT time points, indicating early response to CRT, had better survival outcomes for both with or without consolidation immune checkpoint inhibitors. Longitudinal undetectable MRD was found in 20.1% patients. The 2-year cancer-specific progression-free survival of these patients was 88.4%, corresponding to a potentially cured population. Further analysis revealed that pretreatment ctDNA variants serve as an essential MRD informed source. These data provide clinical insights for ctDNA-MRD detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Tao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingfa Yan
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Xin Tan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Gong
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Tian
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yang Maggie Liu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group (CTONG), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Yang Liu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Hong Yan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Dong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong-Rui Xu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Jun Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pansong Li
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Bin-Chao Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Ji Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Yan Tu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Ning Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Xin Yi
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group (CTONG), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Ghassemi N, Castillo R, Castillo E, Jones BL, Miften M, Kavanagh B, Werner-Wasik M, Miller R, Barta JA, Grills I, Leiby BE, Guerrero T, Rusthoven CG, Vinogradskiy Y. Evaluation of variables predicting PFT changes for lung cancer patients treated on a prospective 4DCT-ventilation functional avoidance clinical trial. Radiother Oncol 2023; 187:109821. [PMID: 37516361 PMCID: PMC10529225 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Functional avoidance radiotherapy uses functional imaging to reduce pulmonary toxicity by designing radiotherapy plans that reduce doses to functional regions of the lung. A phase-II, multi-center, prospective study of 4DCT-ventilation functional avoidance was completed. Pre and post-treatment pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were acquired and assessed pulmonary function change. This study aims to evaluate which clinical, dose and dose-function factors predict PFT changes for patients treated with 4DCT-ventilation functional avoidance radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 56 patients with locally advanced lung cancer receiving radiotherapy were accrued. PFTs were obtained at baseline and three months following radiotherapy and included forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC. The ability of patient, clinical, dose (lung and heart), and dose-function metrics (metrics that combine dose and 4DCT-ventilation-based function) to predict PFT changes were evaluated using univariate and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that only dose-function metrics and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were significant (p<0.05) in predicting FEV1 decline. Multivariate analysis identified a combination of clinical (immunotherapy status, presence of thoracic comorbidities, smoking status, and age), along with lung dose, heart dose, and dose-function metrics in predicting FEV1 and FEV1/FVC changes. CONCLUSION The current work evaluated factors predicting PFT changes for patients treated in a prospective functional avoidance radiotherapy study. The data revealed that lung dose- function metrics could predict PFT changes, validating the significance of reducing the dose to the functional lung to mitigate the decline in pulmonary function and providing guidance for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Ghassemi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Richard Castillo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Bernard L Jones
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Moyed Miften
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian Kavanagh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maria Werner-Wasik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie A Barta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Inga Grills
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin E Leiby
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Thomas Guerrero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Chad G Rusthoven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Vinogradskiy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Shiinoki T, Fujimoto K, Kawazoe Y, Yuasa Y, Kajima M, Manabe Y, Hirano T, Matsunaga K, Tanaka H. Assessing four-dimensional CT stress maps derived from patient-specific biomechanical models of the lung with pulmonary function test data in lung cancer patients. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20221149. [PMID: 37393529 PMCID: PMC10461275 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20221149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to retrospectively compare the stress map of the lung with pulmonary function test (PFT) results in lung cancer patients and to evaluate the potential of the stress map as an imaging biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS 25 lung cancer patients with pre-treatment four-dimensional CT (4DCT) and PFT data were retrospectively analysed. PFT metrics were used to diagnose obstructive lung disease. For each patient, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 % predicted) and the ratio of FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) were recorded. 4DCT and biomechanical model-deformable image registration (BM-DIR) were used to obtain the lung stress map. The relationship between the mean of the total lung stress and PFT data was evaluated, and the COPD classification grade was also evaluated. RESULTS The mean values of the total lung stress and FEV1 % predicted showed a significant strong correlation [R = 0.833, (p < 0.001)]. The mean values and FEV1/FVC showed a significant strong correlation [R = 0.805, (p < 0.001)]. For the total lung stress, the area under the curve and the optimal cut-off value were 0.94 and 510.8 Pa for the classification of normal or abnormal lung function, respectively. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated the potential of lung stress maps based on BM-DIR to accurately assess lung function by comparing them with PFT data. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The derivation of stress map directly from 4DCT is novel method. The BM-DIR-based lung stress map can provide an accurate assessment of lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Shiinoki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Koya Fujimoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawazoe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuki Yuasa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Miki Kajima
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Tsunahiko Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
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18
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Zhao J, Ma C, Gan G, Xu X, Zhou J. Analysis of clinical and physical dosimetric factors that determine the outcome of severe acute radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:143. [PMID: 37644602 PMCID: PMC10463737 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a retrospective statistical analysis of clinical and physical dosimetric factors of lung cancer patients who had previously undergone lung and/or mediastinal radiotherapy and died of or survived severe acute radiation pneumonitis (SARP). Our study was the first to reveal the heterogeneity in clinical factors, physical dosimetric factors, and SARP onset time that determined the clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients who developed SARP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical characteristics, physical dosimetry factors, and SARP onset time of deceased and surviving patients were retrospectively analyzed. SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis. Student's t-test was used for intergroup comparison, and a Mann-Whitney U test was used for data with skewed distribution. Qualitative data were represented using frequencies (%), and Fisher's exact test or χ2 test was used for intergroup comparison of nonparametric data. Binary logistic analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Differences with a P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that the potential predictors of SARP death were as follows: ipsilateral lung V5 and V30, contralateral lung V5, V10, and V30, total lung V5, V10, and V30, mean lung dose, mean heart dose, and maximum spinal cord dose. Multivariate analysis showed that ipsilateral lung V5 and total lung V5 were predictors that determined the final outcome of SARP patients. In addition, we analyzed the time from the completion of radiotherapy to SARP onset, and found significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS There was no decisive correlation between clinical characteristics and SARP outcome (i.e., death or survival) in lung radiotherapy patients. Ipsilateral lung V5 and total lung V5 were independent predictors of death in SARP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Chenying Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Guanghui Gan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Juying Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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19
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Rimner A, Moore ZR, Lobaugh S, Geyer A, Gelblum DY, Abdulnour REE, Shepherd AF, Shaverdian N, Wu AJ, Cuaron J, Chaft JE, Zauderer MG, Eng J, Riely GJ, Rudin CM, Vander Els N, Chawla M, McCune M, Li H, Jones DR, Sopka DM, Simone CB, Mak R, Weinhouse GL, Liao Z, Gomez DR, Zhang Z, Paik PK. Randomized Phase 2 Placebo-Controlled Trial of Nintedanib for the Treatment of Radiation Pneumonitis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 116:1091-1099. [PMID: 36889516 PMCID: PMC10751877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is the most common dose-limiting toxicity for thoracic radiation therapy. Nintedanib is used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which shares pathophysiological pathways with the subacute phase of RP. Our goal was to investigate the efficacy and safety of nintedanib added to a prednisone taper compared with a prednisone taper alone in reducing pulmonary exacerbations in patients with grade 2 or higher (G2+) RP. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this phase 2, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, patients with newly diagnosed G2+ RP were randomized 1:1 to nintedanib or placebo in addition to a standard 8-week prednisone taper. The primary endpoint was freedom from pulmonary exacerbations at 1 year. Secondary endpoints included patient-reported outcomes and pulmonary function tests. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the probability of freedom from pulmonary exacerbations. The study was closed early due to slow accrual. RESULTS Thirty-four patients were enrolled between October 2015 and February 2020. Of 30 evaluable patients, 18 were randomized to the experimental Arm A (nintedanib + prednisone taper) and 12 to the control Arm B (placebo + prednisone taper). Freedom from exacerbation at 1 year was 72% (confidence interval, 54%-96%) in Arm A and 40% (confidence interval, 20%-82%) in Arm B (1-sided, P = .037). In Arm A, there were 16 G2+ adverse events possibly or probably related to treatment compared with 5 in the placebo arm. There were 3 deaths during the study period in Arm A due to cardiac failure, progressive respiratory failure, and pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSIONS There was an improvement in pulmonary exacerbations by the addition of nintedanib to a prednisone taper. Further investigation is warranted for the use of nintedanib for the treatment of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rimner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary R. Moore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Lobaugh
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Geyer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Daphna Y. Gelblum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Raja-Elie E. Abdulnour
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annemarie F. Shepherd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Narek Shaverdian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Abraham J. Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - John Cuaron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie E. Chaft
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Marjorie G. Zauderer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliana Eng
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory J. Riely
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Vander Els
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohit Chawla
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan McCune
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - David R. Jones
- Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis M. Sopka
- Department of Radiation Oncology Lehigh Valley Health Network, MSK Alliance Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Charles B. Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond Mak
- Department of Radiation Oncology Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerald L. Weinhouse
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhongxing Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel R. Gomez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul K. Paik
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center New York, NY, USA
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20
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Flakus MJ, Wuschner AE, Wallat EM, Graham M, Shao W, Shanmuganayagam D, Christensen GE, Reinhardt JM, Bayouth JE. Validation of CT-based ventilation and perfusion biomarkers with histopathology confirms radiation-induced pulmonary changes in a porcine model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9377. [PMID: 37296169 PMCID: PMC10256800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging biomarkers can assess disease progression or prognoses and are valuable tools to help guide interventions. Particularly in lung imaging, biomarkers present an opportunity to extract regional information that is more robust to the patient's condition prior to intervention than current gold standard pulmonary function tests (PFTs). This regional aspect has particular use in functional avoidance radiation therapy (RT) in which treatment planning is optimized to avoid regions of high function with the goal of sparing functional lung and improving patient quality of life post-RT. To execute functional avoidance, detailed dose-response models need to be developed to identify regions which should be protected. Previous studies have begun to do this, but for these models to be clinically translated, they need to be validated. This work validates two metrics that encompass the main components of lung function (ventilation and perfusion) through post-mortem histopathology performed in a novel porcine model. With these methods validated, we can use them to study the nuanced radiation-induced changes in lung function and develop more advanced models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattison J Flakus
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Antonia E Wuschner
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric M Wallat
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa Graham
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gary E Christensen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joseph M Reinhardt
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John E Bayouth
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
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21
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Niu L, Chu X, Yang X, Zhao H, Chen L, Deng F, Liang Z, Jing D, Zhou R. A multiomics approach-based prediction of radiation pneumonia in lung cancer patients: impact on survival outcome. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04827-7. [PMID: 37154927 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict the risk of radiation pneumonitis (RP), a multiomics model was built to stratify lung cancer patients. Our study also investigated the impact of RP on survival. METHODS This study retrospectively collected 100 RP and 99 matched non-RP lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy from two independent centres. They were divided into training (n = 175) and validation cohorts (n = 24). The radiomics, dosiomics and clinical features were extracted from planning CT and electronic medical records and were analysed by LASSO Cox regression. A multiomics prediction model was developed by the optimal algorithm. Overall survival (OS) between the RP, non-RP, mild RP, and severe RP groups was analysed by the Kaplan‒Meier method. RESULTS Sixteen radiomics features, two dosiomics features, and one clinical feature were selected to build the best multiomics model. The optimal performance for predicting RP was the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the testing set (0.94) and validation set (0.92). The RP patients were divided into mild (≤ 2 grade) and severe (> 2 grade) RP groups. The median OS was 31 months for the non-RP group compared with 49 months for the RP group (HR = 0.53, p = 0.0022). Among the RP subgroup, the median OS was 57 months for the mild RP group and 25 months for the severe RP group (HR = 3.72, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The multiomics model contributed to improving the accuracy of RP prediction. Compared with the non-RP patients, the RP patients displayed longer OS, especially the mild RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishui Niu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xianghui Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Henyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fuxing Deng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhan Liang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Di Jing
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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22
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Jacob RA, Bade B, Joffe L, Makkar P, Alfano CM. The Evaluation and Management of Visceral Complications in Radiation Fibrosis Syndrome Part 1. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2023; 11:1-14. [PMID: 37359732 PMCID: PMC10043528 DOI: 10.1007/s40141-023-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract External beam ionizing radiation is a fundamental component of cancer treatment and is incorporated into approximately 50% of cancer treatments. Radiation therapy causes cell death directly by apoptosis and indirectly by disruption of mitosis. Purpose of Review This study aims to inform rehabilitation clinicians of the visceral toxicities of radiation fibrosis syndrome and how to detect and diagnose these complications. Recent Findings Latest research indicates that radiation toxicity is primarily related to radiation dose, patient co-morbidity, and concomitant use of chemotherapies and immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer. While cancer cells are the primary target, surrounding normal cells and tissues are also affected. Radiation toxicity is dose dependent, and tissue injury develops from inflammation that may progress to fibrosis. Thus, radiation dosing in cancer therapy is often limited by tissue toxicity. Although newer radiotherapeutic modalities aim to limit delivery of radiation to non-cancerous tissues, many patients continue to experience toxicity. Summary To ensure early recognition of radiation toxicity and fibrosis, it is imperative that all clinicians are aware of the predictors, signs, and symptoms of radiation fibrosis syndrome. Here, we present part 1 of the visceral complications of radiation fibrosis syndrome, addressing radiation-related toxicity in the heart, lungs, and thyroid gland. Graphical abstract
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23
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Miller R, Castillo R, Castillo E, Jones BL, Miften M, Kavanagh B, Lu B, Werner-Wasik M, Ghassemi N, Lombardo J, Barta J, Grills I, Rusthoven CG, Guerrero T, Vinogradskiy Y. Characterizing Pulmonary Function Test Changes for Patients With Lung Cancer Treated on a 2-Institution, 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Ventilation Functional Avoidance Prospective Clinical Trial. Adv Radiat Oncol 2023; 8:101133. [PMID: 36618762 PMCID: PMC9816902 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2022.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT)-ventilation-based functional avoidance uses 4DCT images to generate plans that avoid functional regions of the lung with the goal of reducing pulmonary toxic effects. A phase 2, multicenter, prospective study was completed to evaluate 4DCT-ventilation functional avoidance radiation therapy. The purpose of this study was to report the results for pretreatment to posttreatment pulmonary function test (PFT) changes for patients treated with functional avoidance radiation therapy. Methods and Materials Patients with locally advanced lung cancer receiving chemoradiation were accrued. Functional avoidance plans based on 4DCT-ventilation images were generated. PFTs were obtained at baseline and 3 months after chemoradiation. Differences for PFT metrics are reported, including diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC). PFT metrics were compared for patients who did and did not experience grade 2 or higher pneumonitis. Results Fifty-six patients enrolled on the study had baseline and posttreatment PFTs evaluable for analysis. The mean change in DLCO, FEV1, and FVC was -11.6% ± 14.2%, -5.6% ± 16.9%, and -9.0% ± 20.1%, respectively. The mean change in DLCO was -15.4% ± 14.4% for patients with grade 2 or higher radiation pneumonitis and -10.8% ± 14.1% for patients with grade <2 radiation pneumonitis (P = .37). The mean change in FEV1 was -14.3% ± 22.1% for patients with grade 2 or higher radiation pneumonitis and -3.9% ± 15.4% for patients with grade <2 radiation pneumonitis (P = .09). Conclusions The current work is the first to quantitatively characterize PFT changes for patients with lung cancer treated on a prospective functional avoidance radiation therapy study. In comparison with patients treated with standard thoracic radiation planning, the data qualitatively show that functional avoidance resulted in less of a decline in DLCO and FEV1. The presented data can help elucidate the potential pulmonary function improvement with functional avoidance radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Castillo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Edward Castillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Bernard L. Jones
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Moyed Miften
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brian Kavanagh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Werner-Wasik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nader Ghassemi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Lombardo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie Barta
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Inga Grills
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Chad G. Rusthoven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Thomas Guerrero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Yevgeniy Vinogradskiy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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24
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Wuschner AE, Flakus MJ, Wallat EM, Reinhardt JM, Shanmuganayagam D, Christensen GE, Gerard SE, Bayouth JE. CT-derived vessel segmentation for analysis of post-radiation therapy changes in vasculature and perfusion. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1008526. [PMID: 36324304 PMCID: PMC9619090 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1008526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vessel segmentation in the lung is an ongoing challenge. While many methods have been able to successfully identify vessels in normal, healthy, lungs, these methods struggle in the presence of abnormalities. Following radiotherapy, these methods tend to identify regions of radiographic change due to post-radiation therapytoxicities as vasculature falsely. By combining texture analysis and existing vasculature and masking techniques, we have developed a novel vasculature segmentation workflow that improves specificity in irradiated lung while preserving the sensitivity of detection in the rest of the lung. Furthermore, radiation dose has been shown to cause vascular injury as well as reduce pulmonary function post-RT. This work shows the improvements our novel vascular segmentation method provides relative to existing methods. Additionally, we use this workflow to show a dose dependent radiation-induced change in vasculature which is correlated with previously measured perfusion changes (R2 = 0.72) in both directly irradiated and indirectly damaged regions of perfusion. These results present an opportunity to extend non-contrast CT-derived models of functional change following radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia E. Wuschner
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Antonia E. Wuschner,
| | - Mattison J. Flakus
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eric M. Wallat
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joseph M. Reinhardt
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | | | - Gary E Christensen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Sarah E. Gerard
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - John E. Bayouth
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
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25
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Isoyama S, Yamaguchi K, Imano N, Sakamoto S, Horimasu Y, Masuda T, Miyamoto S, Nakashima T, Iwamoto H, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Nagata Y, Hattori N. Predictive role of circulatory levels of high-mobility group box 1 for radiation pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive thoracic radiotherapy. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:1698-1705. [PMID: 36057047 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a pro-inflammatory protein associated with the pathophysiology of lung injury and lung tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the predictive potential of serum HMGB1 levels for radiation pneumonitis in patients with lung cancer. METHODS This was a retrospective biomarker study of 73 patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive thoracic radiotherapy between August 2007 and January 2021. We measured HMGB1 levels in serum stored before treatment, and analyzed its association with the development of grade ≥ 2 or grade ≥ 3 radiation pneumonitis. Additionally, baseline characteristics affecting HMGB1 levels were identified. RESULTS Of the 73 patients, 21 (28.8%) and 6 (8.2%) patients experienced grade 2 and ≥ 3 radiation pneumonitis, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that higher baseline levels of serum HMGB1 were significantly associated with a higher risk of grade ≥ 3, but not grade ≥ 2, radiation pneumonitis. The incidence of grade ≥ 3 radiation pneumonitis was higher in patients with HMGB1 levels ≥ 6.2 ng/mL than in those with levels < 6.2 ng/mL (25.0% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.019). Baseline serum levels of HMGB1 were independently and positively associated with gross tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS Higher serum HMGB1 levels were significantly associated with the risk of grade ≥ 3 radiation pneumonitis in patients with lung cancer, and therefore, HMGB1 could be a potential blood biomarker for predicting severe radiation pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Isoyama
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Nobuki Imano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nagata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Wang TY, Hu YJ, Wang X, Li YF, Zhang F, Yan YD, Dou WT, Cheng CY, Xu P. Targeting p65 to inhibit Cas3 transcription by Onjisaponin B for radiation damage therapy in p65+/- mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154317. [PMID: 35816993 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to radiation injury, p65 becomes activated. The formation of p65 is one target of Onjisaponin B (OB), but it has not been studied in radioprotection. In addition, there is a binding site for p65 in the promoter region of Cas3. This study evaluates the use of OB as an intervention to modulate p65/Cas3 following radiation exposure. PURPOSE This study aimed to confirm that OB regulated the transcription of Cas3 via p65 to overcome radiation-induced damage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Cells and mice were exposed to X-rays at a dose of 6 Gy. Immunofluorescence was used to locate intracellular p65. For the protein and mRNA analyses, Western blotting and RT-qPCR-based assays were conducted accordingly. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in tissues. DNA damage was detected by the comet assay and DNA ladder assay. Next, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and Hoechst staining. RESULTS Compared with the radiation group, the expression levels of p-p65 and c-Cas3 in the drug group were significantly down-regulated by OB 20 µg/ml. When the expression of p65 was suppressed in V79 and TC cells, OB did not significantly inhibit the activation of p65 or Cas3 in response to irradiation, nor did it significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of p65 and subsequent nuclear translocation. Overexpression of p65 in V79 and MTEC-1 cells resulted in OB significantly inhibiting the activation of p65 and Cas3, and the phosphorylation and translocation of p65 into the nucleus. At 3 d for V79 cells and 24 h for MTEC-1 cells after radiation, compared with the Cas3 over plasmid transfection group, the drug transfection group had no significant effect on reducing apoptosis. In p65+/- mice, expression of the p65 gene was knocked down, leading to increased tissue apoptosis and inflammation, and serious tissue pathological changes. The inhibition of p65 activation by OB after radiation exposure was not apparent in the thymus, although it was observed in the lung. CONCLUSIONS OB interfered with radiation injury by targeting and regulating p65/Cas3. Therefore, it has been concluded that p65 is an important target molecule for the treatment of radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Yang Wang
- School of food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yong-Jian Hu
- School of food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Radiology Laboratory, Central laboratory, Rizhao people's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yi-di Yan
- Basic Medical school, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Wen-Tao Dou
- Basic Medical school, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Chen-Yi Cheng
- Basic Medical school, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
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Zhang A, Yang F, Gao L, Shi X, Yang J. Research Progress on Radiotherapy Combined with Immunotherapy for Associated Pneumonitis During Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:2469-2483. [PMID: 35991677 PMCID: PMC9386171 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s374648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation pneumonitis is a common and serious complication of radiotherapy for thoracic tumours. Although radiotherapy technology is constantly improving, the incidence of radiation pneumonitis is still not low, and severe cases can be life-threatening. Once radiation pneumonitis develops into radiation fibrosis (RF), it will have irreversible consequences, so it is particularly important to prevent the occurrence and development of radiation pneumonitis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have rapidly altered the treatment landscape for multiple tumour types, providing unprecedented survival in some patients, especially for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, in addition to its remarkable curative effect, ICls may cause immune-related adverse events. The incidence of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is 3% to 5%, and its mortality rate is 10% to 17%. In addition, the incidence of CIP in NSCLC is higher than in other tumour types, reaching 7%–13%. With the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICls) and thoracic radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with NSCLC, ICIs may induce delayed radiation pneumonitis in patients previously treated with radiation therapy, or radiation activation of the systemic immune system increases the toxicity of adverse reactions, which may lead to increased pulmonary toxicity and the incidence of pneumonitis. In this paper, the data about the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis, immune pneumonitis, and combined treatment and the latest related research results will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyuan Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
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Shichijo K, Takatsuji T. Pathological observation of the effects of exposure to radioactive microparticles on experimental animals. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:i26-i37. [PMID: 35968993 PMCID: PMC9377041 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Internal radiation exposure from neutron-induced radioisotopes that were environmentally activated following an atomic bombing or nuclear accident should be considered for a complete picture of the pathologic effects on survivors. Inhaled hot particles expose neighboring tissues to very high doses of particle beams, which can cause local tissue damage. Experimentally, a few μm of 55MnO2 powder was irradiated with neutrons at a nuclear reactor in order to generate 56MnO2 that emits β-rays. Rats were irradiated via inhalation. Pathological changes in various rat tissues were examined. In addition, the 56Mn β energy spectrum around the particles was calculated to determine the local dose rate and the cumulative dose. This review focuses on our latest pathological findings in lungs with internal radiation injury and discusses the pathological changes of early event damage caused by localized, very high-dose internal radiation exposure, including apoptosis, elastin stigma, emphysema, hemorrhage and severe inflammation. The pathological findings of lung tissue due to internal radiation exposure of 0.1 Gy were severe, with no pathological changes observed due to external exposure to γ radiation at a dose of 2.0 Gy. Therefore, it is suggested that new pathological analysis methods for internal exposure due to radioactive microparticles are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Shichijo
- Corresponding author. Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 112-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel.: +81-95-819-7107; Fax: +81-95-819-7108; E-mail:
| | - Toshihiro Takatsuji
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Wuschner AE, Flakus MJ, Wallat EM, Reinhardt JM, Shanmuganayagam D, Christensen GE, Bayouth JE. Measuring Indirect Radiation-Induced Perfusion Change in Fed Vasculature Using Dynamic Contrast CT. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081254. [PMID: 36013203 PMCID: PMC9410208 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent functional lung imaging studies have presented evidence of an “indirect effect” on perfusion damage, where regions that are unirradiated or lowly irradiated but that are supplied by highly irradiated regions observe perfusion damage post-radiation therapy (RT). The purpose of this work was to investigate this effect using a contrast-enhanced dynamic CT protocol to measure perfusion change in five novel swine subjects. A cohort of five Wisconsin Miniature Swine (WMS) were given a research course of 60 Gy in five fractions delivered locally to a vessel in the lung using an Accuray Radixact tomotherapy system with Synchrony motion tracking to increase delivery accuracy. Imaging was performed prior to delivering RT and 3 months post-RT to yield a 28−36 frame image series showing contrast flowing in and out of the vasculature. Using MIM software, contours were placed in six vessels on each animal to yield a contrast flow curve for each vessel. The contours were placed as follows: one at the point of max dose, one low-irradiated (5−20 Gy) branching from the max dose vessel, one low-irradiated (5−20 Gy) not branching from the max dose vessel, one unirradiated (<5 Gy) branching from the max dose vessel, one unirradiated (<5 Gy) not branching from the max dose vessel, and one in the contralateral lung. Seven measurements (baseline-to-baseline time and difference, slope up and down, max rise and value, and area under the curve) were acquired for each vessel’s contrast flow curve in each subject. Paired Student t-tests showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) reductions in the area under the curve in the max dose, and both fed contours indicating an overall reduction in contrast in these regions. Additionally, there were statistically significant reductions observed when comparing pre- and post-RT in slope up and down in the max dose, low-dose fed, and no-dose fed contours but not the low-dose not-fed, no-dose not-fed, or contralateral contours. These findings suggest an indirect damage effect where irradiation of the vasculature causes a reduction in perfusion in irradiated regions as well as regions fed by the irradiated vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia E. Wuschner
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.J.F.); (E.M.W.); (D.S.); (J.E.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mattison J. Flakus
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.J.F.); (E.M.W.); (D.S.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Eric M. Wallat
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.J.F.); (E.M.W.); (D.S.); (J.E.B.)
| | | | | | | | - John E. Bayouth
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.J.F.); (E.M.W.); (D.S.); (J.E.B.)
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Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis of Radiation Pneumonitis Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081457. [PMID: 35892659 PMCID: PMC9331247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), especially radiation pneumonitis (RP), is a common clinical complication associated with thoracic radiotherapy for malignant tumors. However, the specific contributions of each cell subtype to this process are unknown. Here, we provide the single-cell pathology landscape of the RP in a mouse model by unbiased single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). We found a decline of type 2 alveolar cells in the RP lung tissue, with an expansion of macrophages, especially the Fabp4low and Spp1high subgroup, while Fabp4high macrophages were almost depleted. We observed an elevated expression of multiple mitochondrial genes in the RP group, indicating a type 2 alveolar cell (AT2) response to oxidative stress. We also calculated the enrichment of a cGAS-STING signaling pathway, which may be involved in regulating inflammatory responses and cancer progression in AT2 cells of PR mice. We delineate markers and transcriptional states, identify a type 2 alveolar cell, and uncover fundamental determinants of lung fibrosis and inflammatory response in RP lung tissue of mice.
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Hinton T, Karnak D, Tang M, Jiang R, Luo Y, Boonstra P, Sun Y, Nancarrow DJ, Sandford E, Ray P, Maurino C, Matuszak M, Schipper MJ, Green MD, Yanik GA, Tewari M, Naqa IE, Schonewolf CA, Haken RT, Jolly S, Lawrence TS, Ray D. Improved prediction of radiation pneumonitis by combining biological and radiobiological parameters using a data-driven Bayesian network analysis. Transl Oncol 2022; 21:101428. [PMID: 35460942 PMCID: PMC9046881 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grade 2 and higher radiation pneumonitis (RP2) is a potentially fatal toxicity that limits efficacy of radiation therapy (RT). We wished to identify a combined biomarker signature of circulating miRNAs and cytokines which, along with radiobiological and clinical parameters, may better predict a targetable RP2 pathway. In a prospective clinical trial of response-adapted RT for patients (n = 39) with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, we analyzed patients' plasma, collected pre- and during RT, for microRNAs (miRNAs) and cytokines using array and multiplex enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Interactions between candidate biomarkers, radiobiological, and clinical parameters were analyzed using data-driven Bayesian network (DD-BN) analysis. We identified alterations in specific miRNAs (miR-532, -99b and -495, let-7c, -451 and -139-3p) correlating with lung toxicity. High levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 (sTNFR1) were detected in a majority of lung cancer patients. However, among RP patients, within 2 weeks of RT initiation, we noted a trend of temporary decline in sTNFR1 (a physiological scavenger of TNFα) and ADAM17 (a shedding protease that cleaves both membrane-bound TNFα and TNFR1) levels. Cytokine signature identified activation of inflammatory pathway. Using DD-BN we combined miRNA and cytokine data along with generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) to identify pathways with better accuracy of predicting RP2 as compared to either miRNA or cytokines alone. This signature suggests that activation of the TNFα-NFκB inflammatory pathway plays a key role in RP which could be specifically ameliorated by etanercept rather than current therapy of non-specific leukotoxic corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonaye Hinton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - David Karnak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ralph Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Philip Boonstra
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Derek J Nancarrow
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin Sandford
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paramita Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Christopher Maurino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Martha Matuszak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Matthew J Schipper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Gregory A Yanik
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Muneesh Tewari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Caitlin A Schonewolf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Randall Ten Haken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Shruti Jolly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA.
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YANG X, MEI T, YU M, GONG Y. Symptomatic Radiation Pneumonitis in NSCLC Patients Receiving EGFR-TKIs and Concurrent Once-daily Thoracic Radiotherapy: Predicting the Value of Clinical and Dose-volume Histogram Parameters. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:409-419. [PMID: 35747920 PMCID: PMC9244499 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.102.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (RP) and its relationship with dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and concurrent once-daily thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) remain unclear. We aim to analyze the values of clinical factors and dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters to predict the risk for symptomatic RP in these patients. METHODS Between 2011 and 2019, we retrospectively analyzed and identified 85 patients who had received EGFR-TKIs and once-daily TRT simultaneously (EGFR-TKIs group) and 129 patients who had received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT group). The symptomatic RP was recorded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (CTCAE) criteria (grade 2 or above). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0. RESULTS In total, the incidences of symptomatic (grade≥2) and severe RP (grade≥3) were 43.5% (37/85) and 16.5% (14/85) in EGFR-TKIs group vs 27.1% (35/129) and 10.1% (13/129) in CCRT group respectively. After 1:1 ratio between EGFR-TKIs group and CCRT group was matched by propensity score matching, chi-square test suggested that the incidence of symptomatic RP in the MATCHED EGFR-TKIs group was higher than that in the matched CCRT group (χ2=4.469, P=0.035). In EGFR-TKIs group, univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the percentage of ipsilateral lung volume receiving ≥30 Gy (ilV30) [odds ratio (OR): 1.163, 95%CI: 1.036-1.306, P=0.011] and the percentage of total lung volume receiving ≥20 Gy (tlV20) (OR: 1.171, 95%CI: 1.031-1.330, P=0.015), with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or not (OR: 0.158, 95%CI: 0.041-0.600, P=0.007), were independent predictors of symptomatic RP. Compared to patients with lower ilV30/tlV20 values (ilV30 and tlV20<cut-off point values) and without COPD, patients with higher ilV30/tlV20 values (ilV30 and tlV20>cut-off point values) and COPD had a significantly higher risk for developing symptomatic RP, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.350 (95%CI: 1.190-1.531, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving both EGFR-TKIs and once-daily TRT were more likely to develop symptomatic RP than patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The ilV30, tlV20, and comorbidity of COPD may predict the risk of symptomatic RP among NSCLC patients receiving EGFR-TKIs and conventionally fractionated TRT concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexi YANG
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting MEI
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min YU
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youling GONG
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,Youling GONG, E-mail:
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Arora A, Bhuria V, Singh S, Pathak U, Mathur S, Hazari PP, Roy BG, Sandhir R, Soni R, Dwarakanath BS, Bhatt AN. Amifostine analog, DRDE-30, alleviates radiation induced lung damage by attenuating inflammation and fibrosis. Life Sci 2022; 298:120518. [PMID: 35367468 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy of thoracic neoplasms and accidental radiation exposure often results in pneumonitis and fibrosis of lungs. Here, we investigated the potential of amifostine analogs: DRDE-07, DRDE-30, and DRDE-35, in alleviating radiation-induced lung damage. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 13.5 Gy thoracic irradiation, 30 min after intraperitoneal administration of the analogs, and assessed for modulation of the pathological response at 12 and 24 weeks. KEY FINDINGS DRDE-07, DRDE-30 and DRDE-35 increased the survival of irradiated mice from 20% to 30%, 80% and 70% respectively. Reduced parenchymal opacity (X-ray CT) in the lungs of DRDE-30 pre-treated mice corroborated well with the significant decrease in Ashcroft score (p < 0.01). Two-fold increase in SOD and catalase activities (p < 0.05), coupled with a 50% increase in GSH content and a 60% decrease in MDA content (p < 0.05) suggested restoration of the antioxidant defence system. A 20% to 40% decrease in radiation-induced apoptotic and mitotic death in the lung tissue (micronuclei: p < 0.01), resulted in attenuated lung and vascular permeability (FITC-Dextran leakage) by 50% (p < 0.01), and a commensurate reduction (~50%) in leukocyte infiltration in the injured tissue (p < 0.05). DRDE-30 abrogated the activation of pro-inflammatory NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling cascades, suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β: p < 0.05; TNF-α: p < 0.05; IL-6: p < 0.05) and up-regulation of CAMs on the endothelial cell surface. Reduction in hydroxyproline content (p < 0.01) and collagen suggested inhibition of lung fibrosis which was associated with attenuation of TGF-β/Smad pathway-mediated-EMT. CONCLUSION DRDE-30 could be a potential prophylactic agent against radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Arora
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Bhuria
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Uma Pathak
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Sweta Mathur
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Puja P Hazari
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Bal G Roy
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi Soni
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Bilikere S Dwarakanath
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India; Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Lee S, Noh OK. Optimal positive lymph node ratio showing the benefit of postoperative radiotherapy in pathologic N2 non-small cell lung cancer: an exploratory study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. Radiat Oncol J 2022; 40:37-44. [PMID: 35368199 PMCID: PMC8984134 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2021.00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Correspondence: Shiho Lee Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea. Tel: +82-10-8358-7119 E-mail:
| | - O Kyu Noh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
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Gui Y, Pang Q, Wang S, Dong J, Wang D, Ma X, Wang X, Hu S, Hou W. Chinese herbal injections for radiation pneumonitis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28929. [PMID: 35212299 PMCID: PMC8878606 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation pneumonitis is a common dose-limiting factor in radiotherapy for thoracic malignancies, and its treatment encounters a bottleneck. As an essential adjuvant treatment method, Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) have been used to treat radiation pneumonitis (RP), and clinical studies have appeared potentially beneficial and nontoxic. However, the efficacy and safety of CHIs for RP have not been evaluated comprehensively. METHODS The systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) statement guidelines. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP, and Wan Fang Databases were systematically searched from inception until January 20, 2022. The selection of studies, data extraction, and assessment of the risk of bias will be performed by 2 reviewers independently. The total effective rate was used as a primary outcome measure; the secondary outcomes are quality of life, clinical symptoms and signs, inflammatory cytokines, and adverse effects. Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5.3) software will be used for data synthesis and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHIs in treating radiation pneumonitis to provide more comprehensive evidence for the treatment of clinical RP. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202210106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Gui
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Qing Pang
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Shuaihang Hu
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
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Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Options and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030552. [PMID: 35158821 PMCID: PMC8833582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a salient factor in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the relationships and distinctions between uncontrolled inflammation, fibrosis and cancers, while emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of developing novel therapies for the treatment and/or management of these diseases. We described how drug delivery systems, combination therapy and the integration of tissue-targeted and/or pathways selective strategies could overcome the challenges of current agents for managing and/or treating chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. We also recognized the value of the re-evaluation of the disease-specific roles of multiple pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers-as well as the application of data from single-cell RNA sequencing in the success of future drug discovery endeavors.
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Mayahara H, Uehara K, Harada A, Kitatani K, Yabuuchi T, Miyazaki S, Ishihara T, Kawaguchi H, Kubota H, Okada H, Ninomaru T, Shindo C, Hata A. Predicting factors of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis induced by durvalumab following concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:7. [PMID: 35033139 PMCID: PMC8760798 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by durvalumab is the standard of care for unresectable locally-advanced non-small cell carcinoma (LA-NSCLC). However, a major concern about administration of durvalumab after CCRT is whether the incidence of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (RP) may increase or not. In the present analysis, we report the initial results of CCRT followed by durvalumab in patients with LA-NSCLC in a real-world setting with focus on predicting factors for symptomatic RP. Methods Patients who were pathologically diagnosed as NSCLC and initiated treatment with CCRT followed by durvalumab between July 2018 to December 2019 were eligible for this study. Patients were included if they completed the planned CRT course and administered at least one course of durvalumab. We retrospectively investigated the preliminary survival outcome and incidence and predicting factors for symptomatic RP. Results Of the 67 patients who planned CCRT, 63 patients completed the entire CCRT course. Of these, 56 patients proceeded to consolidation with durvalumab. The median time to eternal discontinuation of durvalumab was 9.7 months. The cumulative proportion of the patients who exhibited symptomatic RP was 30, 40 and 44% at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. In multivariate analyses, pulmonary fibrosis score and lung V40 were significant predictive factors for symptomatic RP (p < 0.001, HR: 7.83, 95% CI: 3.38–18.13, and p = 0.034, HR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.09–9.19, respectively). Conclusions Pulmonary fibrosis sore and lung V40 were significant predictive factors for symptomatic RP. We should be cautious about the administration of durvalumab for patients having subclinical pulmonary fibrosis. To our best knowledge, this is one of the first report showing the predictive value of high dose volumes to the lung in patients with LA-NSCLC who received CCRT followed by durvalumab. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13014-021-01979-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mayahara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kobe Minimally-invasive Cancer Center, 8-5-1, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0046, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Uehara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kobe Minimally-invasive Cancer Center, 8-5-1, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0046, Japan
| | - Aya Harada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kobe Minimally-invasive Cancer Center, 8-5-1, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0046, Japan
| | - Keiji Kitatani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kobe Minimally-invasive Cancer Center, 8-5-1, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0046, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yabuuchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kobe Minimally-invasive Cancer Center, 8-5-1, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0046, Japan
| | - Shuichirou Miyazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kobe Minimally-invasive Cancer Center, 8-5-1, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0046, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishihara
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawaguchi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kubota
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okada
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Kobe Minimally-invasive Cancer Center, 8-5-1, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taira Ninomaru
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Kobe Minimally-invasive Cancer Center, 8-5-1, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Shindo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kobe Minimally-invasive Cancer Center, 8-5-1, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akito Hata
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Kobe Minimally-invasive Cancer Center, 8-5-1, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Garcia AN, Casanova NG, Valera DG, Sun X, Song JH, Kempf CL, Moreno-Vinasco L, Burns K, Bermudez T, Valdez M, Cuellar G, Gregory T, Oita RC, Hernon VR, Barber C, Camp SM, Martin D, Liu Z, Bime C, Sammani S, Cress AE, Garcia JG. Involvement of eNAMPT/TLR4 signaling in murine radiation pneumonitis: protection by eNAMPT neutralization. Transl Res 2022; 239:44-57. [PMID: 34139379 PMCID: PMC8671169 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies to prevent or reduce the severity of radiation pneumonitis are a serious unmet need. We evaluated extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), a damage-associated molecular pattern protein (DAMP) and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand, as a therapeutic target in murine radiation pneumonitis. Radiation-induced murine and human NAMPT expression was assessed in vitro, in tissues (IHC, biochemistry, imaging), and in plasma. Wild type C57Bl6 mice (WT) and Nampt+/- heterozygous mice were exposed to 20Gy whole thoracic lung irradiation (WTLI) with or without weekly IP injection of IgG1 (control) or an eNAMPT-neutralizing polyclonal (pAb) or monoclonal antibody (mAb). BAL protein/cells and H&E staining were used to generate a WTLI severity score. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs)/pathways were identified by RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. Radiation exposure increases in vitro NAMPT expression in lung epithelium (NAMPT promoter activity) and NAMPT lung tissue expression in WTLI-exposed mice. Nampt+/- mice and eNAMPT pAb/mAb-treated mice exhibited significant histologic attenuation of WTLI-mediated lung injury with reduced levels of BAL protein and cells, and plasma levels of eNAMPT, IL-6, and IL-1β. Genomic and biochemical studies from WTLI-exposed lung tissues highlighted dysregulation of NFkB/cytokine and MAP kinase signaling pathways which were rectified by eNAMPT mAb treatment. The eNAMPT/TLR4 pathway is essentially involved in radiation pathobiology with eNAMPT neutralization an effective therapeutic strategy to reduce the severity of radiation pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nancy G Casanova
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Daniel G Valera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jin H Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Carrie L Kempf
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Kimberlie Burns
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tadeo Bermudez
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mia Valdez
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Genesis Cuellar
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Taylor Gregory
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Radu C Oita
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Vivian Reyes Hernon
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christy Barber
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Diego Martin
- Department of Radiology and the Translational Imaging Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhonglin Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Anne E Cress
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe Gn Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona.
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Podophyllum hexandrum and its active constituents: Novel radioprotectants. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112555. [PMID: 34954639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to radiation has expanded considerably in recent years, due to a wide range of medical, agricultural, and industrial applications. Despite its beneficial utilities, radiation is also known to have a deleterious effect on cells and tissues, largely through the creation of free radicals, which cause severe damage to biological systems through processes such as DNA double/single-strand fragmentation, protein modification, and upregulation of lipid peroxidation pathways. In addition, radiation damages genetic material while inducing hereditary genotoxicity. Developing measures to counter radiation-induced damage is thus considered to be of significant importance. Considering the inherent capability of plants to survive radiative conditions, certain plants and natural compounds have been the subject of investigations to explore and harness their natural radioprotective abilities. Podophyllum hexandrum, an Indian medicinal plant with several known traditional phytotherapeutic uses, is considered in particular to be of immense therapeutic importance. Recent studies have been conducted to validate its radioprotective potential alongside discovering its protective mechanisms following γ-radiation-induced mortality and disorder in both mice and human cells. These findings show that Podophyllum and its constituents/natural compounds protect the lungs, gastrointestinal tissues, hemopoietic system, and testis by inducing DNA repair pathways, apoptosis inhibition, free radical scavenging, metal chelation, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we have provided an updated, comprehensive summary of ionizing radiations and their impacts on biological systems, highlighting the mechanistic and radioprotective role of natural compounds from Podophyllum hexandrum.
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Endobronchial Ultrasonography with a Guide Sheath Transbronchial Biopsy for Diagnosing Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions within or near Fibrotic Lesions in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225751. [PMID: 34830905 PMCID: PMC8616068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer often occurs around fibrotic lesions in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). In patients with ILD, several methods are available for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs), such as bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS), transthoracic needle biopsy, and surgical lung biopsy. As well as previous reports, in patients with ILD, bronchoscopy with R-EBUS might be an option as the primary procedure for diagnosing PPLs with fewer complications. However, the utility and safety of bronchoscopy with R-EBUS for PPLs in patients with ILD remain unknown. In this study, we assessed the efficacy and complications as the initial diagnostic procedure of bronchoscopy with R-EBUS according to the proximity of PPLs to fibrotic lesions. Our study might make a contribution to physicians who treat PPLs in patients with underlying ILD. Abstract In patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), the most frequent locations of lung cancer are within or near fibrotic lesions. However, the diagnostic yield for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) within or near fibrotic lesions using endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath transbronchial biopsy (EBUS-GS TBB) may be unsatisfactory compared to that for PPLs distant from fibrotic lesions because of the difficulty in reaching the lesions. Our objectives were to evaluate the yield for PPLs using EBUS-GS TBB according to the proximity of PPLs to fibrotic lesions and to determine factors affecting the yield for PPLs. We retrospectively investigated 323 consecutive lesions using EBUS-GS TBB between 1 November 2014 and 31 December 2016. We identified PPLs with ILD in such lesions. PPLs with ILD were divided into PPLs within or near fibrotic lesions which met the criterion of PPLs, and of fibrotic lesions overlapping each other (PPLs-FL) and those distant from fibrotic lesions, which met the criterion of PPLs and the area of fibrotic lesion not overlapping each other (PPLs-NFL). Of the 323 lesions, 55 were included (31 PPLs-FL and 24 PPLs-NFL). The diagnostic yield for PPLs-FL was significantly lower than for PPLs-NFL (45.2% vs. 83.3%, p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that PPLs-NFL (odds ratio (OR) = 7.509) and a probe position within the lesion (OR = 4.172) were significant factors affecting diagnostic yield. Lesion’s positional relation to fibrotic lesions and the probe position were important factors affecting the successful diagnosis via EBUS-GS TBB in these patients.
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Mehnati P, Ghorbanipoor M, Mohammadzadeh M, Nasiri Motlagh B, Mesbahi A. Predicting the Risk of Radiation Pneumonitis and Pulmonary Function Changes after Breast Cancer Radiotherapy. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:459-464. [PMID: 34458193 PMCID: PMC8385223 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of breast cancer. In the process of radiotherapy, the underling lung tissue receives higher doses from treatment field, which led to incidence of radiation pneumonitis. Objective The present study aims to evaluate the predictive factors of radiation pneumonitis and related changes in pulmonary function after 3D-conformal radiotherapy of breast cancer. Material and Methods In prospective basis study, thirty-two patients with breast cancer who received radiotherapy after surgery, were followed up to 6 months. Respiratory symptoms, lung radiologic changes and pulmonary function were evaluated. Radiation pneumonitis (RP) was graded according to common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) version 3.0. Dose-volume parameters, which included percentage of lung volume receiving dose of d Gy (V5-V50) and mean lung dose (MLD), were evaluated for RP prediction. Pulmonary function evaluated by spirometry test and changes of FEV1 and FVC parameters. Results Eight patients developed RP. Among the dose-volume parameters, V10 was associated to RP incidence. When V10<40% and V10≥40% the incidences of RP were 5.26% and 61.54%, respectively. The FEV1 and FVC had a reduction 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy, while only FEV1 showed significant reduction. The FEV1 had more reduction in the patients who developed RP than patients without RP (15.25±3.81 vs. 9.2±0.93). Conclusion Pulmonary function parameters, especially FEV1, significantly decreased at 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy. Since most patients with breast cancer who developed RP did not show obvious clinical symptoms, so spirometry test is beneficial to identify patients with risk of radiation pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Mehnati
- PhD, Immunology research center, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghorbanipoor
- MSc, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
- MD, Department of Radiology, Emam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnam Nasiri Motlagh
- MD, Department of Radiology, Emam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Mesbahi
- PhD, Medical Radiation Sciences Research team, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz, Iran
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Stavropoulou A, Szmul A, Chandy E, Veiga C, Landau D, McClelland JR. A multichannel feature-based approach for longitudinal lung CT registration in the presence of radiation induced lung damage. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:175020. [PMID: 34352743 PMCID: PMC8395598 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac1b1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying parenchymal tissue changes in the lungs is imperative in furthering the study of radiation induced lung damage (RILD). Registering lung images from different time-points is a key step of this process. Traditional intensity-based registration approaches fail this task due to the considerable anatomical changes that occur between timepoints. This work proposes a novel method to successfully register longitudinal pre- and post-radiotherapy (RT) lung computed tomography (CT) scans that exhibit large changes due to RILD, by extracting consistent anatomical features from CT (lung boundaries, main airways, vessels) and using these features to optimise the registrations. Pre-RT and 12 month post-RT CT pairs from fifteen lung cancer patients were used for this study, all with varying degrees of RILD, ranging from mild parenchymal change to extensive consolidation and collapse. For each CT, signed distance transforms from segmentations of the lungs and main airways were generated, and the Frangi vesselness map was calculated. These were concatenated into multi-channel images and diffeomorphic multichannel registration was performed for each image pair using NiftyReg. Traditional intensity-based registrations were also performed for comparison purposes. For the evaluation, the pre- and post-registration landmark distance was calculated for all patients, using an average of 44 manually identified landmark pairs per patient. The mean (standard deviation) distance for all datasets decreased from 15.95 (8.09) mm pre-registration to 4.56 (5.70) mm post-registration, compared to 7.90 (8.97) mm for the intensity-based registrations. Qualitative improvements in image alignment were observed for all patient datasets. For four representative subjects, registrations were performed for three additional follow-up timepoints up to 48 months post-RT and similar accuracy was achieved. We have demonstrated that our novel multichannel registration method can successfully align longitudinal scans from RILD patients in the presence of large anatomical changes such as consolidation and atelectasis, outperforming the traditional registration approach both quantitatively and through thorough visual inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stavropoulou
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - A Szmul
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - E Chandy
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
- University College Hospital London, United Kingdom
| | - C Veiga
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - D Landau
- University College Hospital London, United Kingdom
| | - J R McClelland
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
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Hyperpolarized 129Xe Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Functional Avoidance Treatment Planning in Thoracic Radiation Therapy: A Comparison of Ventilation- and Gas Exchange-Guided Treatment Plans. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:1044-1057. [PMID: 34265395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a methodology to use pulmonary gas exchange maps to guide functional avoidance treatment planning in radiation therapy (RT) and evaluate its efficacy compared with ventilation-guided treatment planning. METHODS AND MATERIALS Before receiving conventional RT for non-small cell lung cancer, 11 patients underwent hyperpolarized 129Xe gas exchange magnetic resonance imaging to map the distribution of xenon in its gas phase (ventilation) and transiently bound to red blood cells in the alveolar capillaries (gas exchange). Both ventilation and gas exchange maps were independently used to guide development of new functional avoidance treatment plans for every patient, while adhering to institutional dose-volume constraints for normal tissues and target coverage. Furthermore, dose-volume histogram (DVH)-based reoptimizations of the clinical plan, with reductions in mean lung dose (MLD) equal to the functional avoidance plans, were created to serve as the control group. To evaluate each plan (regardless of type), gas exchange maps, representing end-to-end lung function, were used to calculate gas exchange-weighted MLD (fMLD), gas exchange-weighted volume receiving ≥20 Gy (fV20), and mean dose in the highest gas exchanging 33% and 50% volumes of lung (MLD-f33% and MLD-f50%). Using each clinically approved plan as a baseline, the reductions in functional metrics were compared for ventilation-optimization, gas exchange optimization, and DVH-based reoptimization. Statistical significance was determined using the Freidman test, with subsequent subdivision when indicated by P values less than .10 and post hoc testing with Wilcoxon signed rank tests to determine significant differences (P < .05). Toxicity modeling was performed using an established function-based model to estimate clinical significance of the results. RESULTS Compared with DVH-based reoptimization of the clinically approved plans, gas exchange-guided functional avoidance planning more effectively reduced the gas exchange-weighted metrics fMLD (average ± SD, -78 ± 79 cGy for gas exchange, compared with -45 ± 34 cGy for DVH-based; P = .03), MLD-f33% (-135 ± 136 cGy, compared with -52 ± 47 cGy; P = .004), and MLD-f50% (-96 ± 95 cGy, compared with -47 ± 40 cGy; P = .01). Comparing the 2 functional planning types, gas exchange-guided planning more effectively reduced MLD-f33% compared with ventilation-guided planning (-64 ± 95; P = .009). For some patients, gas exchange-guided functional avoidance plans demonstrated clinically significant reductions in model-predicted toxicity, more so than the accompanying ventilation-guided plans and DVH-based reoptimizations. CONCLUSION Gas exchange-guided planning effectively reduced dose to high gas exchanging regions of lung while maintaining clinically acceptable plan quality. In many patients, ventilation-guided planning incidentally reduced dose to higher gas exchange regions, to a lesser extent. This methodology enables future prospective trials to examine patient outcomes.
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McAleese J, Mooney L, Walls GM. Reducing the Risk of Death From Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia After Radical Radiation Therapy to the Lung. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:780-787. [PMID: 34253423 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Radiotherapy given in the curative setting is associated with a 3% risk of death from Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). Prolonged courses of high-dose steroids also increase the risk of PJP. International guidelines recommend the use of chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for patients at high risk. We assessed the effect of an intervention designed to reduce the impact of PJP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prophylaxis guidelines were introduced in 2016. Case records of patients treated with radical radiotherapy were examined for the periods 2014 to 2015 (pre-intervention) and 2017 to 2018 (post-intervention). In total, 247 patients were treated pre-intervention and 334 post-intervention. RESULTS Freedom from PJP death at 1 year was 96% before intervention and 99% after (hazard ratio 0.3, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.9, P = 0.029). Although the rate of use of chemoprophylaxis according to the guideline rose from 1% to 13% (P = 0.003), the use of high-dose steroids also fell from 35% to 16% (P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Reducing radiotherapy-associated infections is an important component of radical treatment in lung cancer. Highlighting chemoprophylaxis guidelines reduced the death rate from PJP, with an associated more judicious use of steroids. Advocating prophylaxis in patients with lymphocyte count <0.6 × 109/l is the next intervention to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McAleese
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - L Mooney
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - G M Walls
- Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Rahi MS, Parekh J, Pednekar P, Parmar G, Abraham S, Nasir S, Subramaniyam R, Jeyashanmugaraja GP, Gunasekaran K. Radiation-Induced Lung Injury-Current Perspectives and Management. Clin Pract 2021; 11:410-429. [PMID: 34287252 PMCID: PMC8293129 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract11030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of localized primary malignancies involving the chest wall or intrathoracic malignancies. Secondary effects of radiotherapy on the lung result in radiation-induced lung disease. The phases of lung injury from radiation range from acute pneumonitis to chronic pulmonary fibrosis. Radiation pneumonitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the history of radiation, imaging findings, and the presence of classic symptoms after exclusion of infection, pulmonary embolism, heart failure, drug-induced pneumonitis, and progression of the primary tumor. Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging modality as it provides a better picture of parenchymal changes. Lung biopsy is rarely required for the diagnosis. Treatment is necessary only for symptomatic patients. Mild symptoms can be treated with inhaled steroids while subacute to moderate symptoms with impaired lung function require oral corticosteroids. Patients who do not tolerate or are refractory to steroids can be considered for treatment with immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. Improvements in radiation technique, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment with high-dose steroids, will lead to lower rates of pneumonitis and an overall good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh Rahi
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA;
| | - Jay Parekh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Prachi Pednekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Gaurav Parmar
- Department of Radiology, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA;
| | - Soniya Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Samar Nasir
- Department of Internal Medicine, University at Buffalo, 462 Grider Street, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA;
| | - Rajamurugan Subramaniyam
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, St. Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Gini Priyadharshini Jeyashanmugaraja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Kulothungan Gunasekaran
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-203-384-5009
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Ahn HJ, Jeon JY, Kim SS, Song SY, Kim W, Lee SW, Kim AH, Lee SH. Feasibility of an outpatient-based pulmonary rehabilitation program for lung cancer patients during radiation therapy. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:2241-2246. [PMID: 34192817 PMCID: PMC8364991 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Data are lacking regarding pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs in patients with lung cancer receiving radiation therapy. This study aimed to confirm the feasibility of an outpatient‐based PR program in lung cancer patients during radiation therapy. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of 40 patients with lung cancer who had undergone radiation therapy between July and December 2019. The patients received an outpatient‐based PR program for a total of eight sessions two times weekly comprising 60 min per session. Feasibility was assessed based on the completion rate, adverse events, and satisfaction with the PR program. Functional evaluations using 6‐min walk and grip strength tests were conducted before and after PR. Patient quality of life was assessed by the EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire before and after PR. Results The completion rate for the PR program was 72.5% among the 40 patients. No adverse events related to PR were reported. The overall satisfaction was 5.7 ± 1.1 on a seven‐point Likert scale in all participants. The mean 6‐min walk test distance increased significantly from 419.1 to 446.2 m. The improvement in grip strength in the dominant hand after PR was not significant. The social functioning score in the EORTC QLQ‐C30 improved significantly. Conclusion The results of this study showed the feasibility without serious adverse effects of a 4‐week outpatient‐based PR program for lung cancer patients undergoing outpatient‐based radiation therapy. This program might improve patient physical function and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Joon Ahn
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Jeon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Ssan Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si Yeol Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A Hyun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hak Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Radiation-induced Hounsfield unit change correlates with dynamic CT perfusion better than 4DCT-based ventilation measures in a novel-swine model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13156. [PMID: 34162987 PMCID: PMC8222280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze radiation induced changes in Hounsfield units and determine their correlation with changes in perfusion and ventilation. Additionally, to compare the post-RT changes in human subjects to those measured in a swine model used to quantify perfusion changes and validate their use as a preclinical model. A cohort of 5 Wisconsin Miniature Swine (WMS) were studied. Additionally, 19 human subjects were recruited as part of an IRB approved clinical trial studying functional avoidance radiation therapy for lung cancer and were treated with SBRT. Imaging (a contrast enhanced dynamic perfusion CT in the swine and 4DCT in the humans) was performed prior to and post-RT. Jacobian elasticity maps were calculated on all 4DCT images. Contours were created from the isodose lines to discretize analysis into 10 Gy dose bins. B-spline deformable image registration allowed for voxel-by-voxel comparative analysis in these contours between timepoints. The WMS underwent a research course of 60 Gy in 5 fractions delivered locally to a target in the lung using an MRI-LINAC system. In the WMS subjects, the dose-bin contours were copied onto the contralateral lung, which received < 5 Gy for comparison. Changes in HU and changes in Jacobian were analyzed in these contours. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) changes in the mean HU value post-RT compared to pre-RT were observed in both the human and WMS groups at all timepoints analyzed. The HU increased linearly with dose for both groups. Strong linear correlation was observed between the changes seen in the swine and humans (Pearson coefficient > 0.97, p < 0.05) at all timepoints. Changes seen in the swine closely modeled the changes seen in the humans at 12 months post RT (slope = 0.95). Jacobian analysis showed between 30 and 60% of voxels were damaged post-RT. Perfusion analysis in the swine showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in contrast inside the vasculature 3 months post-RT compared to pre-RT. The increases in contrast outside the vasculature was strongly correlated (Pearson Correlation 0.88) with the reduction in HU inside the vasculature but were not correlated with the changes in Jacobians. Radiation induces changes in pulmonary anatomy at 3 months post-RT, with a strong linear correlation with dose. The change in HU seen in the non-vessel lung parenchyma suggests this metric is a potential biomarker for change in perfusion. Finally, this work suggests that the WMS swine model is a promising pre-clinical model for analyzing radiation-induced changes in humans and poses several benefits over conventional swine models.
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Unilateral proximal interruption of pulmonary artery with ipsilateral interstitial lung disease - A rare case report. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:2021-2024. [PMID: 34158885 PMCID: PMC8203578 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unilateral proximal interruption of pulmonary artery with ipsilateral occurrence of lung fibrosis is a very rare entity. This case report is about a 27 year old male who had complaints of progressive dysponea since 1 year. He had past history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. On auscultation, velcro crackles are heard on right side. Pulmonary function test showed restrictive pattern. Chest Radiography, High Resolution Computed Tomography and CT Pulmonary angiography were performed.
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Oshiro Y, Mizumoto M, Sekino Y, Maruo K, Ishida T, Sumiya T, Nakamura M, Ohkawa A, Takizawa D, Okumura T, Tamaki Y, Sakurai H. Risk factor of pneumonitis on dose-volume relationship for chemoradiotherapy with durvalumab: Multi-institutional research in Japan. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2021; 29:54-59. [PMID: 34151033 PMCID: PMC8190008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To estimate appropriate dose-volume parameters for avoidance of pneumonitis in use of chemoradiotherapy and durvalumab for treatment of lung cancer. Materials and methods Patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by durvalumab at 9 centers were enrolled in the study. Three-dimensional radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy, and proton beam therapy were used. The frequency and severity of pneumonitis and the dose-volume relationship for normal lung were evaluated. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify risk factors. A covariate adjusted hazard ratio was then estimated for the percentages of normal lung volume irradiated at ≥ X Gy (Vx) (X = 5-40) and lung volume non-irradiated at ≥ X Gy (X = 5-40), with the covariates selected in the variable selection. Cumulative incidence functions and covariate adjusted hazard ratios were also estimated for dichotomized variables, with estimated cut-off points. Results A total of 91 patients were enrolled in the study. The median time from the start of radiotherapy to development of pneumonitis was 4.1 months. Pneumonitis was observed in 80 patients (88%), including grade 2 or severe pneumonitis in 31 (34%) and ≥ grade 3 pneumonitis in 11 (12%). Pneumonitis was inside the irradiation field in 73 of the 80 patients (91%). The selected factors for ≥ grade 2 pneumonitis were V20, and primary site (upper lobe) in multivariable analysis. The cut off value of V20 was 18.99%, and there was a significant difference between V20 of < 18.77 and ≥ 18.77. Conclusion Though there are some limitation of this study, the basic concept of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with an emphasis on V20 remains unchanged in use of durvalumab. However, we recommend reduction of V20 to as small a value as possible in use of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Oshiro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizumoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Ibarakihigashi National Hospital, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yuta Sekino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taisuke Sumiya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Ayako Ohkawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mito Medical Center Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daichi Takizawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Okumura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Ibaraki Seinan Medical Center Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tamaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakurai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Wang L, Gao Z, Li C, Sun L, Li J, Yu J, Meng X. Computed Tomography-Based Delta-Radiomics Analysis for Discriminating Radiation Pneumonitis in Patients With Esophageal Cancer After Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:443-455. [PMID: 33974887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our purpose was to construct a computed tomography (CT)-based delta-radiomics nomogram and corresponding risk classification system for individualized and accurate estimation of severe acute radiation pneumonitis (SARP) in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) after radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Four hundred patients with EC were enrolled from 2 independent institutions and were divided into the training (n = 200) and validation (n = 200) cohorts. Eight hundred fifty radiomics features of lung were extracted from treatment planning images, including the positioning CT before radiation therapy (CT1) and the resetting CT after receiving 40 to 45 Gy (CT2). The longitudinal net changes in radiomics features from CT1 to CT2 were calculated and defined as delta-radiomics features. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was performed to features selection and delta-radiomics signature building. Integrating the signature with multidimensional clinicopathologic, dosimetric, and hematological predictors of SARP, a novel CT-based delta-radiomics nomogram was established according to multivariate analysis. The clinical application values of nomogram were both evaluated in the training and validation cohorts by concordance index, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. Recursive partitioning analysis was used to generate a risk classification system. RESULTS The delta-radiomics signature consisting of 24 features was significantly associated with SARP status (P < .001). Incorporating it with other high-risk factors, Subjective Global Assessment score, pulmonary fibrosis score, mean lung dose, and systemic immune inflammation index, the developed delta-radiomics nomogram showed increased improvement in SARP discrimination accuracy with concordance index of 0.975 and 0.921 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration curves and decision curve analysis confirmed the satisfactory clinical feasibility and utility of nomogram. The risk classification system displayed excellent performance on identifying SARP occurrence (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The delta-radiomics nomogram and risk classification system as low-cost and noninvasive means exhibited superior predictive accuracy and provided individualized probability of SARP stratification for patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liangchao Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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