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Dudler T, Yaseen S, Cummings WJ. Development and characterization of narsoplimab, a selective MASP-2 inhibitor, for the treatment of lectin-pathway-mediated disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1297352. [PMID: 38022610 PMCID: PMC10663225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Overactivation of the lectin pathway of complement plays a pathogenic role in a broad range of immune-mediated and inflammatory disorders; mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) is the key effector enzyme of the lectin pathway. We developed a fully human monoclonal antibody, narsoplimab, to bind to MASP-2 and specifically inhibit lectin pathway activation. Herein, we describe the preclinical characterization of narsoplimab that supports its evaluation in clinical trials. Methods and results ELISA binding studies demonstrated that narsoplimab interacted with both zymogen and enzymatically active forms of human MASP-2 with high affinity (KD 0.062 and 0.089 nM, respectively) and a selectivity ratio of >5,000-fold relative to closely related serine proteases C1r, C1s, MASP-1, and MASP-3. Interaction studies using surface plasmon resonance and ELISA demonstrated approximately 100-fold greater binding affinity for intact narsoplimab compared to a monovalent antigen binding fragment, suggesting an important contribution of functional bivalency to high-affinity binding. In functional assays conducted in dilute serum under pathway-specific assay conditions, narsoplimab selectively inhibited lectin pathway-dependent activation of C5b-9 with high potency (IC50 ~ 1 nM) but had no observable effect on classical pathway or alternative pathway activity at concentrations up to 500 nM. In functional assays conducted in 90% serum, narsoplimab inhibited lectin pathway activation in human serum with high potency (IC50 ~ 3.4 nM) whereas its potency in cynomolgus monkey serum was approximately 10-fold lower (IC50 ~ 33 nM). Following single dose intravenous administration to cynomolgus monkeys, narsoplimab exposure increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner. Clear dose-dependent pharmacodynamic responses were observed at doses >1.5 mg/kg, as evidenced by a reduction in lectin pathway activity assessed ex vivo that increased in magnitude and duration with increasing dose. Analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data revealed a well-defined concentration-effect relationship with an ex vivo EC50 value of approximately 6.1 μg/mL, which was comparable to the in vitro functional potency (IC50 33 nM; ~ 5 μg/mL). Discussion Based on these results, narsoplimab has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of conditions associated with inappropriate lectin pathway activation, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dudler
- Discovery, Omeros Corporation, Seattle, WA, United States
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González-Del-Barrio L, Pérez-Alós L, Cyranka L, Rosbjerg A, Nagy S, Prohászka Z, Garred P, Bayarri-Olmos R. MAP-2:CD55 chimeric construct effectively modulates complement activation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23256. [PMID: 37823685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300571r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a complex, tightly regulated protein cascade involved in pathogen defense and the pathogenesis of several diseases. Thus, the development of complement modulators has risen as a potential treatment for complement-driven inflammatory pathologies. The enzymatically inactive MAP-2 has been reported to inhibit the lectin pathway by competing with its homologous serine protease MASP-2. The membrane-bound complement inhibitor CD55 acts on the C3/C5 convertase level. Here, we fused MAP-2 to the four N-terminal domains of CD55 generating a targeted chimeric inhibitor to modulate complement activation at two different levels of the complement cascade. Its biological properties were compared in vitro with the parent molecules. While MAP-2 and CD55 alone showed a minor inhibition of the three complement pathways when co-incubated with serum (IC50MAP-2+CD55 1-4 = 60.98, 36.10, and 97.01 nM on the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways, respectively), MAP-2:CD551-4 demonstrated a potent inhibitory activity (IC50MAP-2:CD55 1-4 = 2.94, 1.76, and 12.86 nM, respectively). This inhibitory activity was substantially enhanced when pre-complexes were formed with the lectin pathway recognition molecule mannose-binding lectin (IC50MAP-2:CD55 1-4 = 0.14 nM). MAP-2:CD551-4 was also effective at protecting sensitized sheep erythrocytes in a classical hemolytic assay (CH50 = 13.35 nM). Finally, the chimeric inhibitor reduced neutrophil activation in full blood after stimulation with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, as well as phagocytosis of conidia by isolated activated neutrophils. Our results demonstrate that MAP-2:CD551-4 is a potent complement inhibitor reinforcing the idea that engineered fusion proteins are a promising design strategy for identifying and developing drug candidates to treat complement-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia González-Del-Barrio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leon Cyranka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Simon Nagy
- Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, and MTA-SE Research Group of Immunology and Hematology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, and MTA-SE Research Group of Immunology and Hematology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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3
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Dellière S, Aimanianda V. Humoral Immunity Against Aspergillus fumigatus. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:603-621. [PMID: 37289362 PMCID: PMC10249576 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is one the most ubiquitous airborne opportunistic human fungal pathogens. Understanding its interaction with host immune system, composed of cellular and humoral arm, is essential to explain the pathobiology of aspergillosis disease spectrum. While cellular immunity has been well studied, humoral immunity has been poorly acknowledge, although it plays a crucial role in bridging the fungus and immune cells. In this review, we have summarized available data on major players of humoral immunity against A. fumigatus and discussed how they may help to identify at-risk individuals, be used as diagnostic tools or promote alternative therapeutic strategies. Remaining challenges are highlighted and leads are given to guide future research to better grasp the complexity of humoral immune interaction with A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dellière
- Institut Pasteur, Immunobiology of Aspergillus, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Vishukumar Aimanianda
- Institut Pasteur, Immunobiology of Aspergillus, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.
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Kareem S, Jacob A, Mathew J, Quigg RJ, Alexander JJ. Complement: Functions, location and implications. Immunology 2023; 170:180-192. [PMID: 37222083 PMCID: PMC10524990 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an arm of the innate immune system plays a critical role in both health and disease. The complement system is highly complex with dual possibilities, helping or hurting the host, depending on the location and local microenvironment. The traditionally known functions of complement include surveillance, pathogen recognition, immune complex trafficking, processing and pathogen elimination. The noncanonical functions of the complement system include their roles in development, differentiation, local homeostasis and other cellular functions. Complement proteins are present in both, the plasma and on the membranes. Complement activation occurs both extra- and intracellularly, which leads to considerable pleiotropy in their activity. In order to design more desirable and effective therapies, it is important to understand the different functions of complement, and its location-based and tissue-specific responses. This manuscript will provide a brief overview into the complex nature of the complement cascade, outlining some of their complement-independent functions, their effects at different locale, and their implication in disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Kareem
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Alexander Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - John Mathew
- Department of Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Richard J Quigg
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Jessy J Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
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Smith LC, Crow RS, Franchi N, Schrankel CS. The echinoid complement system inferred from genome sequence searches. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:104584. [PMID: 36343741 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate complement cascade is an essential host protection system that functions at the intersection of adaptive and innate immunity. However, it was originally assumed that complement was present only in vertebrates because it was activated by antibodies and functioned with adaptive immunity. Subsequently, the identification of the key component, SpC3, in sea urchins plus a wide range of other invertebrates significantly expanded the concepts of how complement functions. Because there are few reports on the echinoid complement system, an alternative approach to identify complement components in echinoderms is to search the deduced proteins encoded in the genomes. This approach identified known and putative members of the lectin and alternative activation pathways, but members of the terminal pathway are absent. Several types of complement receptors are encoded in the genomes. Complement regulatory proteins composed of complement control protein (CCP) modules are identified that may control the activation pathways and the convertases. Other regulatory proteins without CCP modules are also identified, however regulators of the terminal pathway are absent. The expansion of genes encoding proteins with Macpf domains is noteworthy because this domain is a signature of perforin and proteins in the terminal pathway. The results suggest that the major functions of the echinoid complement system are detection of foreign targets by the proteins that initiate the activation pathways resulting in opsonization by SpC3b fragments to augment phagocytosis and destruction of the foreign targets by the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Courtney Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Ryley S Crow
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Nicola Franchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Catherine S Schrankel
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
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MBL2 gene polymorphisms related to HIV-1 infection susceptibility and treatment response. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:80-88. [PMID: 36257838 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Human Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a protein encoded by MBL2 gene involved in the activation of the lectin-complement pathway. Several studies emphasized the role of MBL2 gene in several infectious diseases' susceptibility, including HIV-1 infection. We aim to investigate the impact of 10 MBL2 gene polymorphisms located in the promoter, 5'UTR and exon 1 regions on HIV-1 physiopathology. The polymorphisms genotyping of 400 individuals, which 200 were HIV-1 positive patients and 200 were controls, was performed by PCR-sequencing. Our results showed that rs503037 and rs1800451 polymorphisms are associated with a high risk of HIV-1 infection susceptibility while rs7096206 and rs11003123 showed a protective effect. A significant association between haplotype CGA and HIV-1 infection susceptibility was also found in the exon 1 region. Moreover, rs11003124, rs7084554, rs36014597 and rs11003123 polymorphisms revealed an association with treatment response outcome as measured by RNA viral load. This study highlights the importance of MBL2 polymorphisms in the modulation of HIV-1 infection susceptibility and the contribution to treatment response outcomes among Moroccan subjects.
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Iqbal H, Fung KW, Gor J, Bishop AC, Makhatadze GI, Brodsky B, Perkins SJ. A solution structure analysis reveals a bent collagen triple helix in the complement activation recognition molecule mannan-binding lectin. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102799. [PMID: 36528062 PMCID: PMC9898670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helices are critical in the function of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), an oligomeric recognition molecule in complement activation. The MBL collagen regions form complexes with the serine proteases MASP-1 and MASP-2 in order to activate complement, and mutations lead to common immunodeficiencies. To evaluate their structure-function properties, we studied the solution structures of four MBL-like collagen peptides. The thermal stability of the MBL collagen region was much reduced by the presence of a GQG interruption in the typical (X-Y-Gly)n repeat compared to controls. Experimental solution structural data were collected using analytical ultracentrifugation and small angle X-ray and neutron scattering. As controls, we included two standard Pro-Hyp-Gly collagen peptides (POG)10-13, as well as three more peptides with diverse (X-Y-Gly)n sequences that represented other collagen features. These data were quantitatively compared with atomistic linear collagen models derived from crystal structures and 12,000 conformations obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. All four MBL peptides were bent to varying degrees up to 85o in the best-fit molecular dynamics models. The best-fit benchmark peptides (POG)n were more linear but exhibited a degree of conformational flexibility. The remaining three peptides showed mostly linear solution structures. In conclusion, the collagen helix is not strictly linear, the degree of flexibility in the triple helix depends on its sequence, and the triple helix with the GQG interruption showed a pronounced bend. The bend in MBL GQG peptides resembles the bend in the collagen of complement C1q and may be key for lectin pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Iqbal
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ka Wai Fung
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Gor
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C. Bishop
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - George I. Makhatadze
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Brodsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen J. Perkins
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,For correspondence: Stephen J. Perkins
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Wang W, Liu MY, Fei CJ, Li CH, Chen J. Molecular and functional characterization of a ladderlectin-like molecule from ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:419-430. [PMID: 36257553 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ladderlectin is a member of C-type lectins (CTLs) in teleost fish and involved in innate immune defense. In this study, ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) ladderlecin-like (PaLL-like) sequence was cloned, which encodes a polypeptide of 172 amino acids that includes a signal peptide and characteristic C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs). Phylogenetically, PaLL-like was most closely related to its teleost counterpart from shishamo smelt (Spirinchus lanceolatus). Expression analysis revealed a ubiquitous expression profile, with highest expression detected in liver and its expression was up-regulated following Vibiro anguillarum infection. Similar to canonical CTLs, PaLL-like exhibited carbohydrate-binidng capacities to a wide range of well-defined mono-/di-saccharides and likely confer PaLL-like the ability to agglutinate all tested bacterial, including three Gram-positive species (i.e., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus iniae) and eight Gram-negative species (i.e., Edwardsiella tarda, Aeromonas (A.) hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Vibrio (V.) harveyi, V. anguillarum, V. parahemolyticus, A. versoni and V. vulnificus), in a calcium-dependent manner. Further functional studies revealed that PaLL-like displayed immunomodulatory activities leading to enhanced bactericidal activity of serum, pathogen opsonization and macrophage activation with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., PaIL-1β and PaTNF-α). Collectively, these immunomodulatory activities of PaLL-like suppressed proliferations of V. anguillarum in targeted tissued in vivo and likely contributed to the increased survival rate of infected-fish. Overall, our results demonstrated PaLL-like is a critical component of innate immunity and provides protective effects against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Mei-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Chen-Jie Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
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Anwar IJ, DeLaura I, Ladowski J, Gao Q, Knechtle SJ, Kwun J. Complement-targeted therapies in kidney transplantation-insights from preclinical studies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984090. [PMID: 36311730 PMCID: PMC9606228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the complement system contributes to solid-organ graft dysfunction and failure. In kidney transplantation, the complement system is implicated in the pathogenesis of antibody- and cell-mediated rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and vascular injury. This has led to the evaluation of select complement inhibitors (e.g., C1 and C5 inhibitors) in clinical trials with mixed results. However, the complement system is highly complex: it is composed of more than 50 fluid-phase and surface-bound elements, including several complement-activated receptors-all potential therapeutic targets in kidney transplantation. Generation of targeted pharmaceuticals and use of gene editing tools have led to an improved understanding of the intricacies of the complement system in allo- and xeno-transplantation. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of the complement system as it relates to rejection in kidney transplantation, specifically reviewing evidence gained from pre-clinical models (rodent and nonhuman primate) that may potentially be translated to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stuart J. Knechtle
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jean Kwun
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Highly pathogenic coronavirus N protein aggravates inflammation by MASP-2-mediated lectin complement pathway overactivation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:318. [PMID: 36100602 PMCID: PMC9470675 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis and lethality of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the N proteins of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were found to bind MASP-2, a key serine protease in the lectin pathway of complement activation, resulting in excessive complement activation by potentiating MBL-dependent MASP-2 activation, and the deposition of MASP-2, C4b, activated C3 and C5b-9. Aggravated inflammatory lung injury was observed in mice infected with adenovirus expressing the N protein. Complement hyperactivation was also observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Either blocking the N protein:MASP-2 interaction, MASP-2 depletion or suppressing complement activation can significantly alleviate N protein-induced complement hyperactivation and lung injury in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, these data suggested that complement suppression may represent a novel therapeutic approach for pneumonia induced by these highly pathogenic coronaviruses.
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Götz MP, Skjoedt MO, Bayarri-Olmos R, Hansen CB, Pérez-Alós L, Jarlhelt I, Benfield T, Rosbjerg A, Garred P. Lectin Pathway Enzyme MASP-2 and Downstream Complement Activation in COVID-19. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:122-135. [PMID: 35816998 PMCID: PMC10643890 DOI: 10.1159/000525508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) is the main activator of the lectin complement pathway and has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To study a possible association between MASP-2 and COVID-19, we aimed at developing a sensitive and reliable MASP-2 ELISA. From an array of novel mouse-monoclonal antibodies using recombinant MASP-2 as antigen, two clones were selected to create a sandwich ELISA. Plasma samples were obtained from 216 healthy controls, 347 convalescent COVID-19 patients, and 147 prospectively followed COVID-19 patients. The assay was specific towards MASP-2 and did not recognize the truncated MASP2 splice variant MAP-2 (MAp19). The limit of quantification was shown to be 0.1 ng/mL. MASP-2 concentration was found to be stable after multiple freeze-thaw cycles. In healthy controls, the mean MASP-2 concentration was 524 ng/mL (95% CI: 496.5-551.6). No significant difference was found in the MASP-2 concentrations between COVID-19 convalescent samples and controls. However, a significant increase was observed in prospectively followed COVID-19 patients (mean: 834 ng/mL [95% CI: 765.3-902.7, p < 0.0001]). In these patients, MASP-2 concentration correlated significantly with the concentrations of the terminal complement complex (ρ = 0.3596, p < 0.0001), with the lectin pathway pattern recognition molecules ficolin-2 (ρ = 0.2906, p = 0.0004) and ficolin-3 (ρ = 0.3952, p < 0.0001) and with C-reactive protein (ρ = 0.3292, p = 0.0002). Overall, we developed a specific quantitative MASP-2 sandwich ELISA. MASP-2 correlated with complement activation and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients, underscoring a possible role of MASP-2 in COVID-19 pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Peter Götz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Andresen S, Fantone K, Chapla D, Rada B, Moremen KW, Pierce M, Szymanski CM. Human Intelectin-1 Promotes Cellular Attachment and Neutrophil Killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Serotype-Dependent Manner. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0068221. [PMID: 35499339 PMCID: PMC9119095 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00682-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human intelectin-1 (hIntL-1) is a secreted glycoprotein capable of binding exocyclic 1,2-diols within surface glycans of human pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae, and Helicobacter pylori. For the latter, lectin binding was shown to cause bacterial agglutination and increased phagocytosis, suggesting a role for hIntL-1 in pathogen surveillance. In this study, we investigated the interactions between hIntL-1 and S. pneumoniae, the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia. We show that hIntL-1 also agglutinates S. pneumoniae serotype 43, which displays an exocyclic 1,2-diol moiety in its capsular polysaccharide but is unable to kill in a complement-dependent manner or to promote bacterial killing by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In contrast, hIntL-1 not only significantly increases serotype-specific S. pneumoniae killing by neutrophils but also enhances the attachment of these bacteria to A549 lung epithelial cells. Taken together, our results suggest that hIntL-1 participates in host surveillance through microbe sequestration and enhanced targeting to neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Andresen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kayla Fantone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Digantkumar Chapla
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Pierce
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine M. Szymanski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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13
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Naseri M, Maliha M, Dehghani M, Simon GP, Batchelor W. Rapid Detection of Gram-Positive and -Negative Bacteria in Water Samples Using Mannan-Binding Lectin-Based Visual Biosensor. ACS Sens 2022; 7:951-959. [PMID: 35290028 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne bacterial infection is a health threat worldwide, making accurate and timely bacteria detection crucial to prevent waterborne disease outbreaks. Inspired by the intrinsic capability of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) in recognizing the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), a visual biosensor is developed here for the on-site detection of both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The biosensor was synthesized by immobilization of the MBL protein onto the blue carboxyl-functionalized polystyrene microparticles (PSM), which is then used in a two-step assay to detect bacterial cells in water samples. The first step involved a 20 min incubation following the MBL-PSM and calcium chloride solution addition to the samples. The second step was to add ethanol to the resultant blue mixture and observe the color change with the naked eye after 15 min. The biosensor had a binary (all-or-none) response, which in the presence of bacterial cells kept its blue color, while in their absence the color changed from blue to colorless. Testing the water samples spiked with four Gram-negative bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two Gram-positive bacteria of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus showed that the biosensor could detect all tested bacteria with a concentration as low as 101.5 CFU/ml. The performance of biosensor using the water samples from a water treatment plant also confirmed its capability to detect the pathogens in real-life water samples without the need for instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Naseri
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Maisha Maliha
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mostafa Dehghani
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - George P Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Warren Batchelor
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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14
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Freiwald T, Afzali B. Renal diseases and the role of complement: Linking complement to immune effector pathways and therapeutics. Adv Immunol 2021; 152:1-81. [PMID: 34844708 PMCID: PMC8905641 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is an ancient and phylogenetically conserved key danger sensing system that is critical for host defense against pathogens. Activation of the complement system is a vital component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of pathogens. It is also a central orchestrator of adaptive immune responses and a constituent of normal tissue homeostasis. Once complement activation occurs, this system deposits indiscriminately on any cell surface in the vicinity and has the potential to cause unwanted and excessive tissue injury. Deposition of complement components is recognized as a hallmark of a variety of kidney diseases, where it is indeed associated with damage to the self. The provenance and the pathophysiological role(s) played by complement in each kidney disease is not fully understood. However, in recent years there has been a renaissance in the study of complement, with greater appreciation of its intracellular roles as a cell-intrinsic system and its interplay with immune effector pathways. This has been paired with a profusion of novel therapeutic agents antagonizing complement components, including approved inhibitors against complement components (C)1, C3, C5 and C5aR1. A number of clinical trials have investigated the use of these more targeted approaches for the management of kidney diseases. In this review we present and summarize the evidence for the roles of complement in kidney diseases and discuss the available clinical evidence for complement inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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15
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Bose P, Sunita P, Pattanayak SP. Molecular Insights into the Crosstalk Between Immune Inflammation Nexus and SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3813-3828. [PMID: 34550435 PMCID: PMC8456397 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, a type of viral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has challenged the world as global pandemic. It has marked the identification of third generation of extremely pathogenic zoonotic coronaviruses of twenty-first century posing threat to humans and mainly targeting the lower respiratory tract. In this review, we focused on not only the structure and virology of SARS-COV-2 but have discussed in detail the molecular immunopathogenesis of this novel virus highlighting its interaction with immune system and the role of compromised or dysregulated immune response towards disease severity. We attempted to correlate the crosstalk between unregulated inflammatory outcomes with disrupted host immunity which may play a potential role towards fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome that claims to be life-threatening in COVID-19. Exploration and investigation of molecular host-virus interactions will provide a better understanding on the mechanism of fatal COVID-19 infection and also enlighten the escape routes from the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Bose
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Priyashree Sunita
- Government Pharmacy Institute, Govt. of Jharkhand, Bariatu, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834009, India
| | - Shakti P Pattanayak
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Govt. of India, Gaya, 824236, India.
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16
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Taoufik Y, de Goër de Herve MG, Corgnac S, Durrbach A, Mami-Chouaib F. When Immunity Kills: The Lessons of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692598. [PMID: 34630382 PMCID: PMC8497820 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence at the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide at a very rapid pace. While most infected individuals have an asymptomatic or mild disease, a minority, mainly the elderly, develop a severe disease that may lead to a fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS results from a highly inflammatory immunopathology process that includes systemic manifestations and massive alveolar damages that impair gas exchange. The present review summarizes our current knowledge in the rapidly evolving field of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, emphasizing the role of specific T cell responses. Indeed, accumulating evidence suggest that while T-cell response directed against SARS-CoV-2 likely plays a crucial role in virus clearance, it may also participate in the immunopathology process that leads to ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Taoufik
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Hematology and Immunology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Ghislaine de Goër de Herve
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Hematology and Immunology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Stéphanie Corgnac
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Durrbach
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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17
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Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Kidney Transplantation. TRANSPLANTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/transplantology2020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the most important mechanisms involved in delayed or reduced graft function after kidney transplantation. It is a complex pathophysiological process, followed by a pro-inflammatory response that enhances the immunogenicity of the graft and the risk of acute rejection. Many biologic processes are involved in its development, such as transcriptional reprogramming, the activation of apoptosis and cell death, endothelial dysfunction and the activation of the innate and adaptive immune response. Recent evidence has highlighted the importance of complement activation in IRI cascade, which expresses a pleiotropic action on tubular cells, on vascular cells (pericytes and endothelial cells) and on immune system cells. The effects of IRI in the long term lead to interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, which contribute to chronic graft dysfunction and subsequently graft failure. Furthermore, several metabolic alterations occur upon IRI. Metabolomic analyses of IRI detected a “metabolic profile” of this process, in order to identify novel biomarkers that may potentially be useful for both early diagnosis and monitoring the therapeutic response. The aim of this review is to update the most relevant molecular mechanisms underlying IRI, and also to discuss potential therapeutic targets in future clinical practice.
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18
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Rosbjerg A, Würzner R, Garred P, Skjoedt MO. MASP-1 and MASP-3 Bind Directly to Aspergillus fumigatus and Promote Complement Activation and Phagocytosis. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:211-224. [PMID: 33780946 DOI: 10.1159/000514546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the complement system is mediated by the interaction between pathogens and pattern recognition molecules (PRMs); mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins, and collectin-10/-11 from the lectin pathway and C1q from the classical pathway. Lectin pathway activation specifically depends on proteases named MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) that are found in complexes with PRMs. In this study, we hypothesize that MASPs can recognize selected pathogens independently of PRMs. Using different clinical strains of opportunistic fungi, we have observed that MASPs directly recognize certain fungal pathogens in a way that can facilitate complement activation. Among these were Aspergillus fumigatus - a dangerous pathogen, especially for immunocompromised patients. In flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, we found that MASP-1 and -3 bound to all A. fumigatus growth stages (conidia, germ tubes, and hyphae), whereas rMASP-2 and the nonproteolytic rMAP-1 did not. Bound rMASPs could recruit rMBL and rficolin-3 to A. fumigatus conidia in a nonclassical manner and activate complement via rMASP-2. In experiments using recombinant and purified components, rMASP-1 increased the neutrophilic phagocytosis of conidia. In serum where known complement activation pathways were blocked, phagocytosis could be mediated by rMASP-3. We have encountered an unknown pathway for complement activation and found that MASP-1 and MASP-3 have dual functions as enzymes and as PRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rosbjerg
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Garred
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Idowu PA, Idowu AP, Zishiri OT, Mpofu TJ, Veldhuizen EJA, Nephawe KA, Mtileni B. Activity of Mannose-Binding Lectin on Bacterial-Infected Chickens-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030787. [PMID: 33808962 PMCID: PMC8000061 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the quest to combat bacterial-related diseases in chickens, different methods, of which some are less economical and less effective on the long-term, have been adapted. However, chickens possess mannose-binding lectin (MBL) which could be vital in managing pathogenic bacteria in chickens. MBL is one of the soluble proteins secreted by the chicken’s innate immune system which can be activated when chickens are exposed to chicken-related diseases. This review explains how mannose-binding lectin activation can help in fighting bacterial pathogens in chickens. This knowledge is believed to reduce incessant use of antibiotics and to assist in developing a profitable breeding program with less or no adverse effect on the chicken, human and the environment. Abstract In recent years, diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria have profoundly impacted chicken production by causing economic loss in chicken products and by-product revenues. MBL (mannose-binding lectin) is part of the innate immune system (IIS), which is the host’s first line defense against pathogens. The IIS functions centrally by identifying pathogen-specific microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) with the help of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Studies have classified mannose-binding lectin (MBL) as one of the PRR molecules which belong to the C-type lectin family. The protective role of MBL lies in its ability to activate the complement system via the lectin pathway and there seems to be a direct link between the chicken’s health status and the MBL concentration in the serum. Several methods have been used to detect the presence, the level and the structure of MBL in chickens such as Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) among others. The concentration of MBL in the chicken ranges from 0.4 to 35 µg/mL and can be at peak levels at three to nine days at entry of pathogens. The variations observed are known to depend on the bacterial strains, breed and age of the chicken and possibly the feed manipulation strategies. However, when chicken MBL (cMBL) becomes deficient, it can result in malfunctioning of the innate immune system, which can predispose chickens to diseases. This article aimed to discuss the importance and components of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in chickens, its mode of actions, and the different methods used to detect MBL. Therefore, more studies are recommended to explore the causes for low and high cMBL production in chicken breeds and the possible effect of feed manipulation strategies in enhancing cMBL production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Idowu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-71-042-3992
| | - Adeola P. Idowu
- Department of Animal Science, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
| | - Oliver T. Zishiri
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Takalani J. Mpofu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Khathutshelo A. Nephawe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Bohani Mtileni
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
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20
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Peoples N, Strang C. Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:620090. [PMID: 33746710 PMCID: PMC7969890 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.620090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement, a feature of the innate immune system that targets pathogens for phagocytic clearance and promotes inflammation, is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host tissue. This regulation is paramount in the central nervous system (CNS) since complement proteins degrade neuronal synapses during development, homeostasis, and neurodegeneration. We propose that dysregulated complement, particularly C1 or C3b, may errantly target synapses for immune-mediated clearance, therefore highlighting regulatory failure as a major potential mediator of neurological disease. First, we explore the mechanics of molecular neuroimmune relationships for the regulatory proteins: Complement Receptor 1, C1-Inhibitor, Factor H, and the CUB-sushi multiple domain family. We propose that biophysical and chemical principles offer clues for understanding mechanisms of dysregulation. Second, we describe anticipated effects to CNS disease processes (particularly Alzheimer's Disease) and nest our ideas within existing basic science, clinical, and epidemiological findings. Finally, we illustrate how the concepts presented within this manuscript provoke new ways of approaching age-old neurodegenerative processes. Every component of this model is testable by straightforward experimentation and highlights the untapped potential of complement dysregulation as a driver of CNS disease. This includes a putative role for complement-based neurotherapeutic agents and companion biomarkers.
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21
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Li L, Shen Y, Xu X, Yang W, Li J. Fish complement C4 gene evolution and gene/protein regulatory network analyses and simulated stereo conformation of C4-MASP-2 protein complex. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:54-63. [PMID: 32980531 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complement C4 is a central protein by acting as pivotal molecule in the activation of the complement system. More than a decade ago, C4 gene duplication had been found in several species including fish, revealing the evolutionary origin of C4 gene. However, the evolutionary pattern and systematic function of C4 are still limited. In this study, C4 D and H types in different species groups were completely diverged. The codon usage of C4 H type in higher vertebrates were much closer to their own genome environment, in contrast to lower vertebrates, suggesting that the evolution may provide the dynamic for homogeneous codon usage between specific gene and genome. Multiple C4 sequence alignment showed that the sequences were conserved among different species. However, sequence similarity was obviously different between species C4 D and H type. Negative selection pressure was found on C4 gene evolution and it may be one of the possible reasons for the sequence broad similarity and conservation among interspecies. Proteins from C4 protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were enriched in more hematopoiesis, infections, diseases and immune-related pathways in human than zebrafish. The result suggested that the functional complexities of C4 isotypes are distinct in species from different evolutionary positions. The simulated C4 protein structures between human and grass carp shared structural similarity and the stereo structures of grass carp C4-MASP-2 protein complexes were further simulated according to a study of human. These results suggested that the interaction between C4 and MASP-2 proteins may also exist in grass carp. Our results can provide an insight for the evolutionary process of C4 and better understanding to the potential mechanism of interaction between C4 and MASP-2 in fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisen Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weining Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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22
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Mondal R, Lahiri D, Deb S, Bandyopadhyay D, Shome G, Sarkar S, Paria SR, Thakurta TG, Singla P, Biswas SC. COVID-19: Are we dealing with a multisystem vasculopathy in disguise of a viral infection? J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 50:567-579. [PMID: 32627126 PMCID: PMC7335630 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the last two decades, the world is facing its new challenge in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic with unprecedented global response. With the expanding domain of presentations in COVID-19 patients, the full range of manifestations is yet to unfold. The classical clinical symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 affected patients are dry cough, high fever, dyspnoea, lethal pneumonia whereas many patients have also been found to be associated with a few additional signs and clinical manifestations of isolated vasculopathy. Albeit a deep and profound knowledge has been gained on the clinical features and management of COVID-19, less clear association has been provided on SARS-CoV-2 mediated direct or indirect vasculopathy and its possible correlation with disease prognosis. The accumulative evidences suggest that novel coronavirus, apart from its primary respiratory confinement, may also invade vascular endothelial cells of several systems including cerebral, cardio-pulmonary as well as renal microvasculature, modulating multiple visceral perfusion indices. Here we analyse the phylogenetic perspective of SARS-CoV-2 along with other strains of β-coronaviridae from a standpoint of vasculopathic derangements. Based on the existing case reports, literature and open data bases, we also analyse the differential pattern of vasculopathy related changes in COVID-19 positive patients. Besides, we debate the need of modulation in clinical approach from a hemodynamical point of view, as a measure towards reducing disease transmission, morbidity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwick Mondal
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, 52/1A, S.N. Pandit Street, Kolkata, 700025, India
| | - Durjoy Lahiri
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, 52/1A, S.N. Pandit Street, Kolkata, 700025, India.
| | - Shramana Deb
- S.N. Pradhan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Deebya Bandyopadhyay
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, 52/1A, S.N. Pandit Street, Kolkata, 700025, India
| | - Gourav Shome
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukanya Sarkar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudeb R Paria
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, 52/1A, S.N. Pandit Street, Kolkata, 700025, India
| | | | - Pratibha Singla
- Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
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23
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Mahto H, Pati A, Sahu SK, Sharma HP, Padhi A, Panda AK. Association of MBL-2 gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Lupus 2020; 29:1227-1237. [PMID: 32635881 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320939156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), an essential innate immune molecule, enhances the opsonization process and activates the complement system. Genetic variations at the promoter and coding region of the MBL-2 gene have been associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, reports remained inconsistent. The present study performs a meta-analysis of published peer-reviewed articles to draw a definitive conclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published peer-reviewed articles on the association of MBL-2 gene polymorphisms and SLE were screened on various databases such as PubMed (Medline), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. A total of 23 eligible articles were included in the present study, comprising 3074 SLE patients and 3985 controls. Genotype and/or allele data for MBL-2 polymorphisms (A > B, A > C, A > D, A > O, Y > X and H > L) were extracted and analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA V3.1). RESULTS The overall analysis revealed a significant association of MBL-2 (A > O) polymorphism with a predisposition to SLE in allele contrast (p = 0.000; OR = 1.261), homozygous (p = 0.005; OR = 1.482), heterozygous (p = 0.004; OR = 1.247), dominant (p = 0.000; OR = 1.303) and recessive (p = 0.025; OR = 1.356) genetic comparison model. Similar results were also observed in the comparison of allele and the dominant genetic model of MBL-2 (A > B) polymorphism in overall (allele: p = 0.000, OR = 1.46, dominant: p = 0.001, OR = 1.31) and in the Asian cohorts (allele: p = 0.007, OR = 1.43, dominant: p = 0.008, OR = 1.32). Interestingly, MBL-2 (Y-221X) polymorphism exhibited protection against the development of SLE in heterozygous (p = 0.005, OR = 0.619) and dominant genetic comparison (p = 0.01, OR = 0.672) models. CONCLUSIONS MBL-2 variants (A > O and A > B) are associated with predisposition to SLE. Conversely, promoter polymorphism (Y-221X) offers protection against SLE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishankar Mahto
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Transit Campus: GMax Building, Konisi, Berhampur, Odisha, India.,Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhijit Pati
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Transit Campus: GMax Building, Konisi, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Sushil K Sahu
- Department of Zoology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | | | - Archana Padhi
- Department of Biology, K. C. Public School, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Aditya K Panda
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Transit Campus: GMax Building, Konisi, Berhampur, Odisha, India
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Sharma M, Vignesh P, Tiewsoh K, Rawat A. Revisiting the complement system in systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:397-408. [PMID: 32228236 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1745063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system autoimmune disease, characterized by the production of autoantibodies. Numerous mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis and autoimmunity in SLE. One of the most important mechanisms is the defective function of the early complement components that are involved in clearing the immune-complexes and apoptotic debris. Major evidence supporting this hypothesis is the development of severe lupus in individuals with monogenic defects in any one of the early complement components such as C1q, C1 s, C1 r, C2, or C4.Areas covered: In this review, we discuss hereditary defects in classical complement components and their clinical manifestations, acquired defects of complements in lupus, the role of complements in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and lupus nephritis, and laboratory assessment of complement components and their functions. Articles from the last 20 years were retrieved from PubMed for this purpose.Expert opinion: Complements have a dual role in the pathogenesis of SLE. On one hand, deficiency of complement components predisposes to lupus, while, on the other, excess complement activation plays a role in the organ damage. Understanding the intricacies of the role of complements in SLE can pave way for the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhubala Sharma
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pandiarajan Vignesh
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Karalanglin Tiewsoh
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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25
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Kirketerp-Møller N, Bayarri-Olmos R, Krogfelt KA, Garred P. C1q/TNF-Related Protein 6 Is a Pattern Recognition Molecule That Recruits Collectin-11 from the Complement System to Ligands. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1598-1606. [PMID: 32041782 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) 6 is a member of the CTRP protein family associated with the regulation of cellular and endocrine processes. CTRP6 contains collagen and globular structures, resembling the pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) of the classical and lectin complement pathways. We expressed human CTRP6 in Chinese hamster ovary cells and investigated the binding to different putative ligands (acetylated BSA [AcBSA], zymosan, mannan, and LPS from Escherichia coli and Salmonella as well as to the monosaccharides l-fucose, d-mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, and galactose). Furthermore, we investigated the binding of CTRP6 to various Gram-negative bacteria as well as PRMs and enzymes of the lectin complement pathway. We found that CTRP6 bound to AcBSA and to a lesser extent to zymosan. Using EDTA as chelating agent, we observed an increased binding to AcBSA, zymosan and the two strains of LPS. We detected no binding to mannan and BSA. We identified l-fucose as a ligand for CTRP6 and that it bound to certain enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, whereas to other bacterial isolates, no binding was observed. CTRP6 did not appear to interact directly with the activating enzymes of the lectin pathway; however, we could show the specific recruitment of collectin-11 and subsequent initiation of the complement cascade through deposition of C4. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the binding of CTRP6 to a variety of microbial and endogenous ligands identifying CTRP6 as a novel human lectin and PRM of importance for complement recognition and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Kirketerp-Møller
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; and.,Department of Science and Environment, Molecular and Medical Biology, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke GJ, Pischke SE, Berger SP, Sanders JSF, Pol RA, Struys MMRF, Ploeg RJ, Leuvenink HGD. Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Kidney Transplantation: Relevant Mechanisms in Injury and Repair. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010253. [PMID: 31963521 PMCID: PMC7019324 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological phenomenon, inevitable in kidney transplantation and one of the most important mechanisms for non- or delayed function immediately after transplantation. Long term, it is associated with acute rejection and chronic graft dysfunction due to interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Recently, more insight has been gained in the underlying molecular pathways and signalling cascades involved, which opens the door to new therapeutic opportunities aiming to reduce IRI and improve graft survival. This review systemically discusses the specific molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IRI and highlights new therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrude J. Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-631623075
| | - Søren E. Pischke
- Clinic for Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Stefan P. Berger
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.P.B.); (J.S.F.S.)
| | - Jan Stephan F. Sanders
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.P.B.); (J.S.F.S.)
| | - Robert A. Pol
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.A.P.); (R.J.P.); (H.G.D.L.)
| | - Michel M. R. F. Struys
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rutger J. Ploeg
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.A.P.); (R.J.P.); (H.G.D.L.)
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Henri G. D. Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.A.P.); (R.J.P.); (H.G.D.L.)
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Watanabe Y, Bowden TA, Wilson IA, Crispin M. Exploitation of glycosylation in enveloped virus pathobiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1480-1497. [PMID: 31121217 PMCID: PMC6686077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification responsible for a multitude of crucial biological roles. As obligate parasites, viruses exploit host-cell machinery to glycosylate their own proteins during replication. Viral envelope proteins from a variety of human pathogens including HIV-1, influenza virus, Lassa virus, SARS, Zika virus, dengue virus, and Ebola virus have evolved to be extensively glycosylated. These host-cell derived glycans facilitate diverse structural and functional roles during the viral life-cycle, ranging from immune evasion by glycan shielding to enhancement of immune cell infection. In this review, we highlight the imperative and auxiliary roles glycans play, and how specific oligosaccharide structures facilitate these functions during viral pathogenesis. We discuss the growing efforts to exploit viral glycobiology in the development of anti-viral vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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28
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Complement-Mediated Neutralization of a Potent Neurotropic Human Pathogen, Chandipura Virus, Is Dependent on C1q. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00994-19. [PMID: 31315998 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00994-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the innate immune sentinels, the complement system is a formidable first line of defense against pathogens, including viruses. Chandipura virus (CHPV), a neurotropic vesiculovirus of the family Rhabdoviridae, is a deadly human pathogen known to cause fatal encephalitis, especially among children. The nature of interaction and the effect of human complement on CHPV are unknown. Here, we report that CHPV is a potent activator of complement and, thus, is highly sensitive to complement proteins in normal human serum (NHS). Utilizing a panel of specific complement component depleted/reconstituted human serum, we have demonstrated that CHPV neutralization is C3, C4, and C1q dependent and independent of factor B, suggesting the importance of the classical pathway in limiting CHPV. Employing a range of biochemical approaches, we showed (i) a direct association of C1q to CHPV, (ii) deposition of complement proteins C3b, C4b, and C1q on CHPV, and (iii) virus aggregation. Depletion of C8, an important component of the pore-forming complex of complement, had no effect on CHPV, further supporting the finding that aggregation and not virolysis is the mechanism of virus neutralization. With no approved vaccines or treatment modalities in place against CHPV, insights into such interactions can be exploited to develop potent vaccines or therapeutics targeting CHPV.IMPORTANCE Chandipura virus is a clinically important human pathogen of the Indian subcontinent. The rapidity of death associated with CHPV infection in addition to the absence of an effective vaccine or therapeutics results in poor clinical prognosis. The biology of the virus and its interaction with the host immune system, including the complement system, are understudied. Our investigation reveals the susceptibility of CHPV to fluid phase complement and also dissects the pathway involved and the mechanism of virus neutralization. Direct binding of C1q, an important upstream component of the classical pathway of complement to CHPV, and the strong dependency on C1q for virus neutralization highlight the significance of identifying such interactions to better understand CHPV pathogenesis and devise strategies to target this deadly pathogen.
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29
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Pérez-Alós L, Bayarri-Olmos R, Skjoedt MO, Garred P. Combining MAP-1:CD35 or MAP-1:CD55 fusion proteins with pattern-recognition molecules as novel targeted modulators of the complement cascade. FASEB J 2019; 33:12723-12734. [PMID: 31469600 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901643r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, and its inhibition has been shown to be a feasible therapeutic option. Therefore, there is an interest in the development of complement modulators to treat complement activation-related inflammatory pathologies. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)/ficolin/collectin-associated protein-1 (MAP-1) is a regulatory molecule of the lectin pathway (LP), whereas complement receptor 1 (CD35) and decay-accelerating factor (CD55) are membrane-anchored regulators with effects on the central effector molecule C3. In this study, we developed 2 novel soluble chimeric inhibitors by fusing MAP-1 to the 3 first domains of CD35 (CD351-3) or the 4 domains of CD55 (CD551-4) to modulate the complement cascade at 2 different stages. The constructs showed biologic properties similar to those of the parent molecules. In functional complement activation assays, the constructs were very efficient in inhibiting LP activation at the level of C3 and in the formation of terminal complement complex. This activity was enhanced when coincubated with recombinant LP recognition molecules MBL and ficolin-3. Recombinant MAP-1 fusion proteins, combined with recombinant LP recognition molecules to target sites of inflammation, represent a novel and effective therapeutic approach involving the initiation and the central and terminal effector functions of the complement cascade.-Pérez-Alós, L., Bayarri-Olmos, R., Skjoedt, M.-O., Garred, P. Combining MAP-1:CD35 or MAP-1:CD55 fusion proteins with pattern-recognition molecules as novel targeted modulators of the complement cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Seiler BT, Cartwright M, Dinis ALM, Duffy S, Lombardo P, Cartwright D, Super EH, Lanzaro J, Dugas K, Super M, Ingber DE. Broad-spectrum capture of clinical pathogens using engineered Fc-mannose-binding lectin enhanced by antibiotic treatment. F1000Res 2019; 8:108. [PMID: 31275563 PMCID: PMC6544136 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17447.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fc-mannose-binding lectin (FcMBL), an engineered version of the blood opsonin MBL that contains the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and flexible neck regions of MBL fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1, has been shown to bind various microbes and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). FcMBL has also been used to create an enzyme-linked lectin sorbent assay (ELLecSA) for use as a rapid (<1 h) diagnostic of bloodstream infections. Methods: Here we extended this work by using the ELLecSA to test FcMBL's ability to bind to more than 190 different isolates from over 95 different pathogen species. Results: FcMBL bound to 85% of the isolates and 97 of the 112 (87%) different pathogen species tested, including bacteria, fungi, viral antigens and parasites. FcMBL also bound to PAMPs including, lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 6 (PIM 6) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusions: The efficiency of pathogen detection and variation between binding of different strains of the same species could be improved by treating the bacteria with antibiotics, or mechanical disruption using a bead mill, prior to FcMBL capture to reveal previously concealed binding sites within the bacterial cell wall. As FcMBL can bind to pathogens and PAMPs in urine as well as blood, its broad-binding capability could be leveraged to develop a variety of clinically relevant technologies, including infectious disease diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Seiler
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Mark Cartwright
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Alexandre L. M. Dinis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Shannon Duffy
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Lombardo
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - David Cartwright
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Elana H. Super
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lanzaro
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Kristen Dugas
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Michael Super
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Donald E. Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
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Nauser CL, Howard MC, Fanelli G, Farrar CA, Sacks S. Collectin-11 (CL-11) Is a Major Sentinel at Epithelial Surfaces and Key Pattern Recognition Molecule in Complement-Mediated Ischaemic Injury. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2023. [PMID: 30237800 PMCID: PMC6136055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a dynamic subset of the innate immune system, playing roles in host defense, clearance of immune complexes and cell debris, and priming the adaptive immune response. Over the last 40 years our understanding of the complement system has evolved from identifying its presence and recognizing its role in the blood to now focusing on understanding the role of local complement synthesis in health and disease. In particular, the local synthesis of complement was found to have an involvement in mediating ischaemic injury, including following transplantation. Recent work on elucidating the triggers of local complement synthesis and activation in renal tissue have led to the finding that Collectin-11 (CL-11) engages with L-fucose at the site of ischaemic stress, namely at the surface of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. What remains unknown is the precise structure of the damage-associated ligand that participates in CL-11 binding and subsequent complement activation. In this article, we will discuss our hypothesis regarding the role of CL-11 as an integral tissue-based pattern recognition molecule which we postulate has a significant contributory role in complement-mediated ischaemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Nauser
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C Howard
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Fanelli
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Conrad A Farrar
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Sacks
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Hertz CE, Bayarri-Olmos R, Kirketerp-Møller N, van Putten S, Pilely K, Skjoedt MO, Garred P. Chimeric Proteins Containing MAP-1 and Functional Domains of C4b-Binding Protein Reveal Strong Complement Inhibitory Capacities. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1945. [PMID: 30210498 PMCID: PMC6120983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a tightly regulated network of proteins involved in defense against pathogens, inflammatory processes, and coordination of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Dysregulation of the complement cascade is associated with many inflammatory disorders. Thus, inhibition of the complement system has emerged as an option for treatment of a range of different inflammatory diseases. MAP-1 is a pattern recognition molecule (PRM)-associated inhibitor of the lectin pathway of the complement system, whereas C4b-binding protein (C4BP) regulates both the classical and lectin pathways. In this study we generated chimeric proteins consisting of MAP-1 and the first five domains of human C4BP (C4BP1−5) in order to develop a targeted inhibitor acting at different levels of the complement cascade. Two different constructs were designed and expressed in CHO cells where MAP-1 was fused with C4BP1−5 in either the C- or N-terminus. The functionality of the chimeric proteins was assessed using different in vitro complement activation assays. Both chimeric proteins displayed the characteristic Ca2+-dependent dimerization and binding to PRMs of native MAP-1, as well as the co-factor activity of native C4BP. In ELISA-based complement activation assays they could effectively inhibit the lectin and classical pathways. Notably, MAP-1:C4BP1−5 was five times more effective than rMAP-1 and rC4BP1−5 applied at the same time, emphasizing the advantage of a single inhibitor containing both functional domains. The MAP-1/C4BP chimeras exert unique complement inhibitory properties and represent a novel therapeutic approach targeting both upstream and central complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie E Hertz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Kirketerp-Møller
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sander van Putten
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mokhtari MJ, Koohpeima F, Hashemi-Gorji F. Association of the Risk of Dental Caries and Polymorphism of MBL2 rs11003125 Gene in Iranian Adults. Caries Res 2018; 53:60-64. [PMID: 29902796 DOI: 10.1159/000489572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This case-control study aimed to investigate the effect of rs11003125 in dental caries. For this purpose, a total number of 404 individuals - from Fars Province in Iran - were studied. The technique of this research was the tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR. Dental caries prevalence among the 404 individuals was assessed by counting the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth. In this research, individuals were divided into two groups: cases (n = 238) and controls (n = 166), and the peripheral blood samples were used to extract the genomic DNA. For genotyping of DNA, the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR method was conducted using specific primer pairs. While examining MBL2 rs11003125 polymorphism, we found significant differences in the genotype frequencies between the case and the control group. The pooled estimates indicated that the GG and GC genotypes of MBL2 rs11003125 polymorphism significantly increased, and therefore caries risk (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.31-4.40, p = 0.004) under the dominant model. These findings suggested that polymorphism in MBL2 gene was associated with dental caries in Iranian adults. Further verification is needed with more ethnic groups and larger sample sizes to determine whether rs11003125 polymorphism is related to dental caries in other regions or not.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Koohpeima
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterial Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Thiriard A, Raze D, Locht C. Diversion of complement-mediated killing by Bordetella. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:512-520. [PMID: 29454132 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The complement cascade participates in protection against bacterial infections, and pathogens, including Bordetella pertussis, have developed complement-evading strategies. Here we discuss current knowledge on B. pertussis complement evasion strategies and the role of antibody-dependent complement-mediated killing in protection against B. pertussis infection pointing out important knowledge gaps for further research to improve current pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Thiriard
- Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, Inserm U1019, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dominique Raze
- Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, Inserm U1019, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, Inserm U1019, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Pang SS, Wijeyewickrema LC, Hor L, Tan S, Lameignere E, Conway EM, Blom AM, Mohlin FC, Liu X, Payne RJ, Whisstock JC, Pike RN. The Structural Basis for Complement Inhibition by Gigastasin, a Protease Inhibitor from the Giant Amazon Leech. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3883-3891. [PMID: 29061764 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Complement is crucial to the immune response, but dysregulation of the system causes inflammatory disease. Complement is activated by three pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative. The classical and lectin pathways are initiated by the C1r/C1s (classical) and MASP-1/MASP-2 (lectin) proteases. Given the role of complement in disease, there is a requirement for inhibitors to control the initiating proteases. In this article, we show that a novel inhibitor, gigastasin, from the giant Amazon leech, potently inhibits C1s and MASP-2, whereas it is also a good inhibitor of MASP-1. Gigastasin is a poor inhibitor of C1r. The inhibitor blocks the active sites of C1s and MASP-2, as well as the anion-binding exosites of the enzymes via sulfotyrosine residues. Complement deposition assays revealed that gigastasin is an effective inhibitor of complement activation in vivo, especially for activation via the lectin pathway. These data suggest that the cumulative effects of inhibiting both MASP-2 and MASP-1 have a greater effect on the lectin pathway than the more potent inhibition of only C1s of the classical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Siew Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lakshmi C Wijeyewickrema
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Lilian Hor
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Sheareen Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Emilie Lameignere
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Edward M Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö SE-221 00, Sweden; and
| | - Frida C Mohlin
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö SE-221 00, Sweden; and
| | - Xuyu Liu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia;
| | - Robert N Pike
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia;
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Low circulating mannan-binding lectin levels correlate with increased frequency and severity of febrile episodes in myeloma patients who undergo ASCT and do not receive antibiotic prophylaxis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1537-1542. [PMID: 28805791 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are susceptible to severe infections. Low levels of circulating mannan-binding lectin (MBL) are associated with increased risk of infection. In this prospective study, we evaluated 100 patients who underwent ASCT regarding the effect of MBL on the incidence and severity of febrile episodes. Seventeen patients had MBL levels <500 ng/mL (11 received antibiotic prophylaxis and 6 did not). Although there was no statistical difference regarding the development of febrile episodes between patients with low and normal MBL, among 17 patients with low MBL levels, six out of eleven patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis developed a febrile episode compared with six out of six patients who did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis and developed a febrile episode. Patients with low MBL levels who responded less frequently to first line antibiotic therapy required more frequent administration of a second more advanced line of antibiotics, independently of receiving or not prophylaxis, and required prolonged hospitalization. In the univariate analysis low MBL associated with shorter OS. Our results suggest that patient with low MBL levels should receive antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce the number of febrile episodes and raise the issue of MBL replacement for these patients.
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Garcia BL, Zwarthoff SA, Rooijakkers SHM, Geisbrecht BV. Novel Evasion Mechanisms of the Classical Complement Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 197:2051-60. [PMID: 27591336 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Complement is a network of soluble and cell surface-associated proteins that gives rise to a self-amplifying, yet tightly regulated system with fundamental roles in immune surveillance and clearance. Complement becomes activated on the surface of nonself cells by one of three initiating mechanisms known as the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. Evasion of complement function is a hallmark of invasive pathogens and hematophagous organisms. Although many complement-inhibition strategies hinge on hijacking activities of endogenous complement regulatory proteins, an increasing number of uniquely evolved evasion molecules have been discovered over the past decade. In this review, we focus on several recent investigations that revealed mechanistically distinct inhibitors of the classical pathway. Because the classical pathway is an important and specific mediator of various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, in-depth knowledge of novel evasion mechanisms could direct future development of therapeutic anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506; and
| | - Seline A Zwarthoff
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Brian V Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506; and
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Nauser CL, Farrar CA, Sacks SH. Complement Recognition Pathways in Renal Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2571-2578. [PMID: 28663231 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system, consisting of soluble and cell membrane-bound components of the innate immune system, has defined roles in the pathophysiology of renal allograft rejection. Notably, the unavoidable ischemia-reperfusion injury inherent to transplantation is mediated through the terminal complement activation products C5a and C5b-9. Furthermore, biologically active fragments C3a and C5a, produced during complement activation, can modulate both antigen presentation and T cell priming, ultimately leading to allograft rejection. Earlier work identified renal tubule cell synthesis of C3, rather than hepatic synthesis of C3, as the primary source of C3 driving these effects. Recent efforts have focused on identifying the local triggers of complement activation. Collectin-11, a soluble C-type lectin expressed in renal tissue, has been implicated as an important trigger of complement activation in renal tissue. In particular, collectin-11 has been shown to engage L-fucose at sites of ischemic stress, activating the lectin complement pathway and directing the innate immune response to the distressed renal tubule. The interface between collectin-11 and L-fucose, in both the recipient and the allograft, is an attractive target for therapies intended to curtail renal inflammation in the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Nauser
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, National Health Service Guy's and St. Thomas' Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Conrad A Farrar
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, National Health Service Guy's and St. Thomas' Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven H Sacks
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, National Health Service Guy's and St. Thomas' Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Gao Q, Dong X, Luo Y, Zhang G, Shan J, Wang Q, He Q, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhu B, Ma X. Construction of human MASP-2-CCP1/2SP, CCP2SP, SP plasmid DNA nanolipoplexes and the effects on tuberculosis in BCG-infected mice. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:200-208. [PMID: 28578092 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The lectin pathway, one of the complement cascade systems, provides the primary line of defense against invading pathogens. The serine protease of MASP-2 plays an essential role in complement activation of the lectin pathway. The C-terminal segment of MASP-2 is comprised of the CCP1-CCP2-SP domains, and is the crucial catalytic segment. However, what is the effect of CCP1-CCP2-SP domains in controlling chronic infection is unknown. In order to evaluate the potential impact of CCP1-CCP2-SP domains on tuberculosis, we constructed the human MASP-2 CCP1/2SP, CCP2SP and SP recombinant plasmids, and delivered these plasmids by DNA-DOTAP:cholesterol cationic nanolipoplexes to BCG-infected mice. After 21 days post DNA-DOTAP:chol nanolipoplexes application, we analyzed bacteria loads of pulmonary, pathology of granuloma, lymphocyte subpopulations. The C3a, C4a and MASP-2 levels in serum were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Compared to the control group that received GFP DNA-DOTAP:chol nanolipoplexes, MASP-2 CCP1/2SP DNA-DOTAP:chol nanolipoplexes treated group showed significantly enlarged pulmonary granulomas lesion (P < 0.05) and did not reduce bacteria loads in the lung tissue (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of C3a in serum were decreased (P < 0.05), the number and percentage of PD1+ and Tim3+ cells subgroups were increased in BCG-infected mice after treated with MASP-2 CCP1/2SP DNA-DOTAP:chol nanolipoplexes (P < 0.05). But, there was no statistical difference in the serum C4a and MASP-2 level among DNA nanolipoplexes treated groups (P > 0.05). These findings provided experimental evidence that MASP-2 CCP1/2SP DNA nanolipoplexes shown the negative efficacy in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and displayed a potential role of down-regulating T-cell-mediated immunity in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinfang Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinyu Shan
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jingqiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xingming Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Lab of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Nan R, Furze CM, Wright DW, Gor J, Wallis R, Perkins SJ. Flexibility in Mannan-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Proteases-1 and -2 Provides Insight on Lectin Pathway Activation. Structure 2017; 25:364-375. [PMID: 28111019 PMCID: PMC5300068 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The lectin pathway of complement is activated by complexes comprising a recognition component (mannose-binding lectin, serum ficolins, collectin-LK or collectin-K1) and a serine protease (MASP-1 or MASP-2). MASP-1 activates MASP-2, and MASP-2 cleaves C4 and C4b-bound C2. To clarify activation, new crystal structures of Ca2+-bound MASP dimers were determined, together with their solution structures from X-ray scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and atomistic modeling. Solution structures of the CUB1-EGF-CUB2 dimer of each MASP indicate that the two CUB2 domains were tilted by as much as 90° compared with the crystal structures, indicating considerable flexibility at the EGF-CUB2 junction. Solution structures of the full-length MASP dimers in their zymogen and activated forms revealed similar structures that were much more bent than anticipated from crystal structures. We conclude that MASP-1 and MASP-2 are flexible at multiple sites and that this flexibility may permit both intra- and inter-complex activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruodan Nan
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher M Furze
- Departments of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - David W Wright
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jayesh Gor
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Russell Wallis
- Departments of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Stephen J Perkins
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Fu J, Wang J, Luo Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Dong X, Yu H, Cao M, Ma X. Association between MASP-2 gene polymorphism and risk of infection diseases: A meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:221-228. [PMID: 27725284 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of MASP-2 is vital in the process of complement activation by the lectin pathway. It is generally considered that the functional activation of MASP-2 contribute to the infection disease development process. AIMS To analyze the association between MASP-2 functional gene (rs72550870) polymorphism and the infection disease risk by a meta-analysis. METHOD Relevant case-control studies were identified by searching Cochrane Library, PubMed, Emabase, DOAJ, CAB Abstracts, CSA, CINAHL, EBSCO, Scopus, Global Health, Index Copernicus, CA, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases up to 10th January 2016. The data were extracted and the methodological quality of studies were evaluated. The STATA 12.0 software was used to perform statistical analysis. RESULTS 9 studies were included. There was no significant association between masp-2 gene (p.D120G, rs72550870) polymorphism and the risk of infection disease under the allele model (G vs. A: OR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.66-1.21)(P = 0.445>0.05) and the recessive model (AG + GG vs.AA: OR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.65-1.20) (P = 0.428>0.05). CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive meta-analysis indicates that the MASP-2 functional gene (rs72550870) polymorphism is not associated with the infection diseases, and the key functional gene polymorphism of rs72550870 did not increase susceptibility to the infection diseases. Similarly, there were no obvious difference in subgroup analysis based on geographical areas and pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; National Hospital of Linxia City, Linxia, 731100, China
| | - Jingqiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinfang Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongjuan Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingqiang Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xingming Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Key Lab of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transfer Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Farrar CA, Zhou W, Sacks SH. Role of the lectin complement pathway in kidney transplantation. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1068-72. [PMID: 27286717 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last 15 years two major advances in the role of complement in the kidney transplant have come about. The first is that ischaemia reperfusion injury and its profound effect on transplant outcome is dependent on the terminal product of complement activation, C5b-9. The second key observation relates to the function of the small biologically active fragments C3a and C5a released by complement activation in increasing antigen presentation and priming the T cell response that results in transplant rejection. In both cases local synthesis of C3 principally by the renal tubule cells plays an essential role that overshadows the role of the circulating pool of C3 generated largely by hepatocyte synthesis. More recent efforts have investigated the molecules expressed by renal tissue that can trigger complement activation. These have revealed a prominent effect of collectin-11 (CL-11), a soluble C-type lectin that is expressed in renal tissue and aligns with its major ligand L-fucose at sites of complement activation following ischaemic stress. Biochemical studies have shown that interaction between CL-11 and L-fucose results in complement activation by the lectin complement pathway, precisely targeting the innate immune response to the ischaemic tubule surface. Therapeutic approaches to reduce inflammatory and immune stimulation in ischaemic kidney have so far targeted C3 or its activation products and several are in clinical trials. The finding that lectin-fucose interaction is an important trigger of lectin pathway complement activation within the donor organ opens up further therapeutic targets where intervention could protect the donor kidney against complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A Farrar
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's, King's College and St. Thomas's Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Wuding Zhou
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's, King's College and St. Thomas's Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven H Sacks
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's, King's College and St. Thomas's Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
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Clark KF, Greenwood SJ. Next-Generation Sequencing and the Crustacean Immune System: The Need for Alternatives in Immune Gene Annotation. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:1113-1130. [PMID: 27252213 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has been a huge benefit to investigators studying non-model species. High-throughput gene expression studies, which were once restricted to animals with extensive genomic resources, can now be applied to any species. Transcriptomic studies using RNA-Seq can discover hundreds of thousands of transcripts from any species of interest. The power and limitation of these techniques is the sheer size of the dataset that is acquired. Parsing these large datasets is becoming easier as more bioinformatic tools are available for biologists without extensive computer programming expertise. Gene annotation and physiological pathway tools such as Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology enable the application of the vast amount of information acquired from model organisms to non-model species. While noble in nature, utilization of these tools can inadvertently misrepresent transcriptomic data from non-model species via annotation omission. Annotation followed by molecular pathway analysis highlights pathways that are disproportionately affected by disease, stress, or the physiological condition being examined. Problems occur when gene annotation procedures only recognizes a subset, often 50% or less, of the genes differently expressed from a non-model organisms. Annotated transcripts normally belong to highly conserved metabolic or regulatory genes that likely have a secondary or tertiary role, if any at all, in immunity. They appear to be disproportionately affected simply because conserved genes are most easily annotated. Evolutionarily induced specialization of physiological pathways is a driving force of adaptive evolution, but it results in genes that have diverged sufficiently to prevent their identification and annotation through conventional gene or protein databases. The purpose of this manuscript is to highlight some of the challenges faced when annotating crustacean immune genes by using an American lobster (Homarus americanus) transcriptome as an example. Immune genes have evolved rapidly over time, facilitating speciation and adaption to highly divergent ecological niches. Complete and proper annotation of immune genes from invertebrates has been challenging. Modulation of the crustacean immune system occurs in a variety of physiological responses including biotic and abiotic stressors, molting and reproduction. A simple method for the identification of a greater number of potential immune genes is proposed, along with a short introductory primer on crustacean immune response. The intended audience is not the advanced bioinformatic user, but those investigating physiological responses who require rudimentary understanding of crustacean immunological principles, but where immune gene regulation is not their primary interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Clark
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown PE, C1A 4P3, Canada;
| | - Spencer J Greenwood
- AVC Lobster Science Centre, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
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Káplár M, Sweni S, Kulcsár J, Cogoi B, Esze R, Somodi S, Papp M, Oláh L, Magyar MT, Szabó K, Czuriga-Kovács KR, Hársfalvi J, Paragh G. Mannose-Binding Lectin Levels and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8132925. [PMID: 26640806 PMCID: PMC4657102 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8132925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) activates complement system and has been suggested to play a role in vascular complications in diabetics. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) detects subclinical atherosclerosis. We evaluated the association of MBL and IMT in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. METHODS Serum MBL levels and cIMT were measured in a total of 103 diabetics and in 98 age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS There was no significant difference in MBL level in T2DM versus controls. As expected, IMT was significantly higher in T2DM patients than in controls (P = 0.001). In T2DM, the lowest cIMT was seen in patients with normal MBL level (500-1000) while cIMT continuously increased with both high MBL and absolute MBL deficiency states. This was especially significant in high MBL versus normal MBL T2DM patients (P = 0.002). According to multiple regression analysis the main predictors of IMT in T2DM are age (P < 0.003), ApoA level (P = 0.023), and the MBL (P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a dual role of MBL as a risk factor for cIMT in T2DM. MBL may also be used as a marker of macrovascular disease, as both low and high levels indicate the susceptibility for atherosclerosis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Káplár
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
- *Miklós Káplár:
| | - Shah Sweni
- Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Julianna Kulcsár
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Barbara Cogoi
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Regina Esze
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Sándor Somodi
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Mária Papp
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - László Oláh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond Körtér 22, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Mária Tünde Magyar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond Körtér 22, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Katalin Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond Körtér 22, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Katalin Réka Czuriga-Kovács
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond Körtér 22, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Jolán Hársfalvi
- Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Tuzoltó Utca 37-47, Budapest 1094, Hungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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45
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Review on complement analysis method and the roles of glycosaminoglycans in the complement system. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:590-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wu M, Li H, Zhang Y, Chen D. Development of a C3c-based ELISA method for the determination of anti-complementary potency of Bupleurum polysaccharides. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:316-22. [PMID: 26579461 PMCID: PMC4629277 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, determination of inhibitory potency of complement inhibitors is performed by the hemolytic assay. However, this assay is not applicable to the lectin pathway, thus impeding the understanding of complement inhibitors against the overall function of the complement system. The main objective of our study was to develop a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as an alternative method to assess the anti-complement activity, particularly against the lectin pathway. By using respective coating substrates against different activation pathways, followed by capturing the stable C3c fragments, our ELISA method can be used to screen complement inhibitors against the classical pathway and the lectin pathway. The inhibitory effect of suramin on the classical pathway, as measured by our hemolytic assay is consistent with previous reports. Further assessment of suramin and Bupleurum polysaccharides against the lectin pathway showed a good reproducibility of the method. Comparison of the lectin pathway IC50 between Bupleurum smithii var. parvifolium polysaccharides (1.055 mg/mL) and Bupleurum chinense polysaccharides (0.98 mg/mL) showed that, similar to the classical and alterative pathway, these two Bupleurum polysaccharides had comparable anti-complementary properties against the lectin pathway. The results demonstrate that the described ELISA assay can compensate for the shortcomings of the hemolytic assay in lectin pathway.
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Key Words
- AP, alternative pathway
- Abs, antibodies
- BCPs, Bupleurum chinense polysaccharides
- BG, background value
- BPs, Bupleurum smithii var. parvifolium polysaccharides
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Bupleurum chinense
- Bupleurum smithii var. parvifolium
- CP, classical pathway
- CV, coefficient of variation
- Complement C3c
- DFC, drug-free control
- ELISA
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HRP, horseradish peroxides
- LP, lectin pathway
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MASP, MBL-associated serine proteases
- MBL, mannose-binding lectin
- OD, optical density
- PBS-T-BSA, PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20 and 1% BSA
- Polysaccharides
- SRBC, sheep erythrocytes
- Suramin
- VBS, Veronal buffer saline
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 21 51980050.
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Risteli M, Ruotsalainen H, Bergmann U, Venkatraman Girija U, Wallis R, Myllylä R. Lysyl hydroxylase 3 modifies lysine residues to facilitate oligomerization of mannan-binding lectin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113498. [PMID: 25419660 PMCID: PMC4242627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) is a multifunctional protein with lysyl hydroxylase, galactosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase activities. The LH3 has been shown to modify the lysine residues both in collagens and also in some collagenous proteins. In this study we show for the first time that LH3 is essential for catalyzing formation of the glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysines of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), the first component of the lectin pathway of complement activation. Furthermore, loss of the terminal glucose units on the derivatized lysine residues in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking the LH3 protein leads to defective disulphide bonding and oligomerization of rat MBL-A, with a decrease in the proportion of the larger functional MBL oligomers. The oligomerization could be completely restored with the full length LH3 or the amino-terminal fragment of LH3 that possesses the glycosyltransferase activities. Our results confirm that LH3 is the only enzyme capable of glucosylating the galactosylhydroxylysine residues in proteins with a collagenous domain. In mice lacking the lysyl hydroxylase activity of LH3, but with untouched galactosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase activities, reduced circulating MBL-A levels were observed. Oligomerization was normal, however and residual lysyl hydroxylation was compensated in part by other lysyl hydroxylase isoenzymes. Our data suggest that LH3 is commonly involved in biosynthesis of collagenous proteins and the glucosylation of galactosylhydroxylysines residues by LH3 is crucial for the formation of the functional high-molecular weight MBL oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Risteli
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Heli Ruotsalainen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Russell Wallis
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Raili Myllylä
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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48
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Franchi N, Ballarin L. Preliminary characterization of complement in a colonial tunicate: C3, Bf and inhibition of C3 opsonic activity by compstatin. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:430-438. [PMID: 24877658 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a fundamental effector mechanism of the innate immunity in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The comprehension of its roots in the evolution is a useful step to understand how the main complement-related proteins had changed in order to adapt to new environmental conditions and life-cycles or, in the case of vertebrates, to interact with the adaptive immunity. Data on organisms evolutionary close to vertebrates, such as tunicates, are of primary importance for a better understanding of the changes in immune responses associated with the invertebrate-vertebrate transition. Here we report on the characterization of C3 and Bf transcripts from the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri (BsC3 and BsBf, respectively), a reliable model organism for immunobiological research, and present a comparative analysis of amino acid sequences of C3s and Bfs suggesting that, in deuterostomes, the structure of these proteins remained largely unchanged. We also present new data on the cells responsible of the expression of BsC3 and BsBf showing that cytotoxic immunocytes are the sole cells where the relative transcripts can be found. Finally, using the C3 specific inhibitor compstatin, we demonstrate the opsonic role of BsC3 in accordance with the idea that promotion of phagocytosis is one of the main function of C3 in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Franchi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35100 Padova, Italy
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Reynolds SL, Pike RN, Mika A, Blom AM, Hofmann A, Wijeyewickrema LC, Kemp D, Fischer K. Scabies mite inactive serine proteases are potent inhibitors of the human complement lectin pathway. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2872. [PMID: 24854034 PMCID: PMC4031079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is an infectious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei and has been classified as one of the six most prevalent epidermal parasitic skin diseases infecting populations living in poverty by the World Health Organisation. The role of the complement system, a pivotal component of human innate immunity, as an important defence against invading pathogens has been well documented and many parasites have an arsenal of anti-complement defences. We previously reported on a family of scabies mite proteolytically inactive serine protease paralogues (SMIPP-Ss) thought to be implicated in host defence evasion. We have since shown that two family members, SMIPP-S D1 and I1 have the ability to bind the human complement components C1q, mannose binding lectin (MBL) and properdin and are capable of inhibiting all three human complement pathways. This investigation focused on inhibition of the lectin pathway of complement activation as it is likely to be the primary pathway affecting scabies mites. Activation of the lectin pathway relies on the activation of MBL, and as SMIPP-S D1 and I1 have previously been shown to bind MBL, the nature of this interaction was examined using binding and mutagenesis studies. SMIPP-S D1 bound MBL in complex with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and released the MASP-2 enzyme from the complex. SMIPP-S I1 was also able to bind MBL in complex with MASPs, but MASP-1 and MASP-2 remained in the complex. Despite these differences in mechanism, both molecules inhibited activation of complement components downstream of MBL. Mutagenesis studies revealed that both SMIPP-Ss used an alternative site of the molecule from the residual active site region to inhibit the lectin pathway. We propose that SMIPP-Ss are potent lectin pathway inhibitors and that this mechanism represents an important tool in the immune evasion repertoire of the parasitic mite and a potential target for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Reynolds
- Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert N Pike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Mika
- Diagnostics Development, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Dave Kemp
- Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katja Fischer
- Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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50
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Pągowska-Klimek I, Cedzyński M. Mannan-binding lectin in cardiovascular disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:616817. [PMID: 24877121 PMCID: PMC4022110 DOI: 10.1155/2014/616817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide so research continues into underlying mechanisms. Since innate immunity and its potent component mannan-binding lectin have been proven to play an important role in the inflammatory response during infection and ischaemia-reperfusion injury, attention has been paid to its role in the development of cardiovascular complications as well. This review provides a general outline of the structure and genetic polymorphism of MBL and its role in inflammation/tissue injury with emphasis on associations with cardiovascular disease. MBL appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and, in consequence, coronary artery disease and also inflammation and tissue injury after myocardial infarction and heart transplantation. The relationship between MBL and disease is rather complex and depends on different genetic and environmental factors. That could be why the data obtained from animal and clinical studies are sometimes contradictory proving not for the first time that innate immunity is a "double-edge sword," sometimes beneficial and, at other times disastrous for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Pągowska-Klimek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Łódź, Poland
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