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Zhou J, Guo L, Wang Y, Li L, Guo Y, Duan L, Jiao M, Xi P, Wang P. Development and validation of a risk prognostic model based on the H. pylori infection phenotype for stomach adenocarcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36882. [PMID: 39281596 PMCID: PMC11401198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the most common malignancies. Infection of helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major risk factor that leads to the development of STAD. This study constructed a risk model based on the H. pylori-related macrophages for predicting STAD prognosis. Methods The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset and the clinic information and RNA-seq datasets of STAD patients were collected for establishing a prognostic model and for validation. The "Seurat" and "harmony" packages were used to process the scRNA-seq data. Key gene modules were sectioned using the "limma" package and the "WGCNA" package. Kaplan-Meier (KM) and Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) analyses were performed with "survminer" package. The "GSVA" package was employed for single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Cell migration and invasion were measured by carrying out wound healing and trans-well assays. Results A total of 17397 were screened and classified into 8 cell type clusters, among which the macrophage cluster was closely associated with the H. pylori infection. Macrophages were further categorized into four subtypes (including C1, C2, C3, and C4), and highly variable genes of macrophage subtype C4 could serve as an indicator of the prognosis of STAD. Subsequently, we developed a RiskScore model based on six H. pylori -associated genes (TNFRSF1B, CTLA4, ABCA1, IKBIP, AKAP5, and NPC2) and observed that the high-risk patients exhibited poor prognosis, higher suppressive immune infiltration, and were closely associated with cancer activation-related pathways. Furthermore, a nomogram combining the RiskScore was developed to accurately predict the survival of STAD patients. AB CA 1 in the RiskScore model significantly affected the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Conclusion The gene expression profile served as an indicator of the survival for patients with STAD and addressed the clinical significance of using H. pylori-associated genes to treat STAD. The current findings provided novel understandings for the clinical evaluation and management of STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Province Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, South District, 986th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Air Force, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Province Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Province Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yahuan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Province Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Province Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Mi Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Province Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Pan Xi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shaanxi Province Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Province Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Wang X, Zhao G, Shao S, Yao Y. Helicobacter pylori triggers inflammation and oncogenic transformation by perturbing the immune microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189139. [PMID: 38897421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The immune microenvironment plays a critical regulatory role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Understanding the mechanisms that drive the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer may provide new insights for early detection of gastric cancer. Although chronic inflammation is frequent in precancerous gastric conditions, the monitoring function of the inflammatory microenvironment in the progression from H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation to gastric cancer remains unclear. This literature review summarizes significant findings on how H. pylori triggers inflammatory responses and facilitates cancer development through the immune microenvironment. Furthermore, the implications for future research and clinical applications are also addressed. The review is divided into four main sections: inflammatory response and immune evasion mechanisms induced by H. pylori, immune dysregulation associated with gastric cancer, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives on H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis with a focus on the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shihe Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yongliang Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Guo Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Ke S, Xie F, Li D, Li B, Lu H. Increased infiltration of CD4 + IL-17A + FOXP3 + T cells in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350662. [PMID: 38366919 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the main predisposing factors for gastric cancer, causing chronic inflammation and proper glands atrophy in the gastric mucosa. Although H. pylori-induced inflammation is a key inducer of precancerous lesions in the gastric mucosa, it remains unclear which precise immune cell subsets are responsible for the progression of H. pylori-induced gastritis. Here, we observed an abundance of CD4+ IL-17A+ FOXP3+ T cells exhibiting a Th17-like phenotype within the microenvironment of H. pylori-induced gastritis. Mechanistically, H. pylori upregulated the expression of IL-6 in Dendritic cells and macrophages, by activating NF-κB signaling through the virulence factor CagA and thus, induced IL-17A expression in FOXP3+ T cells. Moreover, CD4+ IL-17A+ FOXP3+ T cells were positively associated with advanced precancerous lesions. Therefore, these findings offer essential insights into how FOXP3+ T cells sense inflammatory signals from the environment, such as IL-6, during H. pylori infections, thereby guiding the effector immune response and aggravating the gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyu Ke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yang Q, Dai H, Wang B, Xu J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Ma Q, Xu F, Cheng H, Sun D, Wang C. Nanoplastics Shape Adaptive Anticancer Immunity in the Colon in Mice. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3516-3523. [PMID: 37043775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nanoplastics (NPs) on human health is still not well understood, and more research is needed to better understand the risks associated with these particles. In this study, we found that oral administration of polyethylene (PE) NPs in a mice model significantly disrupted the intestinal microenvironment, which shapes adaptive immune response and favors the established in situ colorectal tumor growth. Using single-cell RNA sequencing technology, we show that NPs triggered colon IL-1β-producing macrophages by inducing lysosome damage, leading to colonic Treg and Th17 differentiation associated with T cell exhaustion, which creates a colon environment that favors the tumor initiation and progress. A similar effect is also observed in polystyrene NPs. Our result provides insight into the potential link between NPs ingestion and colon tumorigenesis, and the urgency of addressing plastic pollution worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huaxing Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qingle Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Tas SK, Kirkik D, Altunkanat D, Uzunoglu AS, Uzunoglu MS, Celik BA, Ilgar E. Immune Response and Therapeutic Vaccination against Helicobacter pylori. BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 66. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4324-2023230123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
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Investigating the Active Substance and Mechanism of San-Jiu-Wei-Tai Granules via UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS and Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1487903. [PMID: 36299773 PMCID: PMC9592199 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1487903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
San-Jiu-Wei-Tai granules (SJWTG) are a significant Chinese patent medicine for the treatment of chronic gastritis (CG), having outstanding advantages in long-term treatment; however, the chemical composition and potential mechanism have not been investigated until now. In this study, a rapid separation and identification method based on UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS was established, and 95 chemical components from SJWTGs were identified, including 6 chemical components of an unknown source that are not derived from the 8 herbs included in SJWTGs. The identified chemical components were subsequently analysed by network pharmacology, suggesting that the core targets for the treatment of CG with SJWTGs were EGFR, SRC, AKT1, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, and MAPK3 and thus indicating that SJWTGs could reduce the inflammatory response of gastric epithelial cells and prevent persistent chronic inflammation that induces cancerization by regulating the MAPK signalling pathway and the C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway as well as their upstream and downstream pathways in the treatment of CG. The key bioactive components in SJWTGs were identified as 2,6-bis(4-ethylphenyl)perhydro-1,3,5,7-tetraoxanaphth-4-ylethane-1,2-diol, a chemical component of an unknown source, murrangatin, meranzin hydrate, paeoniflorin, and albiflorin. The results of molecular docking showed the strong binding interaction between the key bioactive components and the core targets, demonstrating that the key bioactive components deserve to be further studied and considered as Q-markers. By acting on multiple targets, SJWTG is less susceptible to drug resistance during the long-term treatment of CG, indicating the advantage of Chinese patent medicines. Furthermore, the preventive effect of SJWTGs on gastric cancer also demonstrates the superiority of preventive treatment of disease with traditional Chinese medicine.
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Kong W, Liu W, Wang M, Hui W, Feng Y, Lu J, Miranbieke B, Liu H, Gao F. OUP accepted manuscript. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6534255. [PMID: 35191475 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Digestive System Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Digestive System Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Digestive System Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Wenjia Hui
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Digestive System Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Digestive System Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Jiajie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Digestive System Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Buya Miranbieke
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Digestive System Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Digestive System Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Digestive System Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Urumqi 830001, China
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Mohammadzadeh R, Soleimanpour S, Pishdadian A, Farsiani H. Designing and development of epitope-based vaccines against Helicobacter pylori. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:489-512. [PMID: 34559599 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1979934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the principal cause of serious diseases (e.g. gastric cancer and peptic ulcers). Antibiotic therapy is an inadequate strategy in H. pylori eradication because of which vaccination is an inevitable approach. Despite the presence of countless vaccine candidates, current vaccines in clinical trials have performed with poor efficacy which makes vaccination extremely challenging. Remarkable advancements in immunology and pathogenic biology have provided an appropriate opportunity to develop various epitope-based vaccines. The fusion of proper antigens involved in different aspects of H. pylori colonization and pathogenesis as well as peptide linkers and built-in adjuvants results in producing epitope-based vaccines with excellent therapeutic efficacy and negligible adverse effects. Difficulties of the in vitro culture of H. pylori, high genetic variation, and unfavourable immune responses against feeble epitopes in the complete antigen are major drawbacks of current vaccine strategies that epitope-based vaccines may overcome. Besides decreasing the biohazard risk, designing precise formulations, saving time and cost, and induction of maximum immunity with minimum adverse effects are the advantages of epitope-based vaccines. The present article is a comprehensive review of strategies for designing and developing epitope-based vaccines to provide insights into the innovative vaccination against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Mohammadzadeh
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Reference Tuberculosis Laboratory, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Pishdadian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Olnes MJ, Martinson HA. Recent advances in immune therapies for gastric cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:924-934. [PMID: 33664460 PMCID: PMC8417143 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive malignancy that is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Localized GC can be cured with surgery, but most patients present with more advanced non-operable disease. Until recently, treatment options for relapsed and refractory advanced GC have been limited to combination chemotherapy regimens, HER-2 directed therapy, and radiation, which lead to few durable responses. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the molecular and immune pathogenesis of GC. The infectious agents Epstein-Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori perturb the gastric mucosa immune equilibrium, which creates a microenvironment that favors GC tumorigenesis and evasion of immune surveillance. Insights into immune mechanisms of GC have translated into novel therapeutics, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have become a treatment option for select patients with GC. Furthermore, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies have emerged as a breakthrough treatment for many cancers, with recent studies showing this to be a potential therapy for GC. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on immune mechanisms of GC and the status of emerging immunotherapies to treat this aggressive cancer, as well as outline current challenges and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Olnes
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA.
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA.
| | - Holly A Martinson
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
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Ginger Extract Modulates the Production of Chemokines CCL17, CCL20, CCL22, and CXCL10 and the Gene Expression of Their Receptors in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Peptic Ulcer Patients Infected with Helicobacter pylori. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The imbalanced expression of chemokines plays critical role in the development of Helicobacter pylori-mediated complications. Objectives: Our aim was to determine ginger extract (GE) effects on the expression of chemokines CCL17, CCL20, CCL22, and CXCL10, as well as CCR4, CCR6, and CXCR3 receptors by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from H. pylori -infected patients with peptic ulcer (PU). Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 20 patients with H. pylori-associated PU, 20 H. pylori-infected asymptomatic subjects (HAS), and 20 non-infected healthy subjects (NHS). The PBMCs were stimulated by 10 µg/mL of H. pylori-derived crude extract (HPCE) in the presence of 0, 10, 20, and 30 µg/mL of GE. After 36 hours, the supernatant and the RNA extracted from the cells were tested for chemokine concentration and chemokine receptor expression using ELISA and real-time PCR techniques, respectively. Results: In PU patients, treating HPCE-stimulated PBMCs with 10, 20, or 30 µg/mL GE reduced the production of CXCL10 (1.47, 1.5, and 1.53 folds, respectively, P < 0.001 for all), CCL20 (1.44, 1.62, and 1.65 folds, respectively, P < 0.003), and treatment with 30 µg/mL GE increased CCL17 (1.28-fold, P < 0.001) and CCL22 (1.59-fold, P < 0.001) production compared with untreated HPCE-stimulated PBMCs. In PU patients, the HPCE-stimulated PBMCs treated with 10, 20, or 30 µg/mL GE expressed lower levels of CXCR3 (1.9, 3, and 3.5 folds, respectively, P < 0.001) and CCR6 (2.3, 2.7, and 2.8 folds, respectively, P < 0.002) while treating with 10 µg/mL GE upregulated CCR4 (1.7 fold, P = 0.003) compared with untreated HPCE-stimulated PBMCs. Conclusions: Ginger extract modulated the expression of chemokines and their receptors in the PBMCs derived from H. pylori-infected PU patients. The therapeutic potentials of ginger for treating HP-related complications need to be further explored.
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Guillermo Espinoza-Contreras J, Idalia Torres-Ruiz M, Ariel Waller-González L, De Jesús Ramírez-García J, Torres-López J, Ventura-Juárez J, Verónica Moreno-Córdova E, Ernesto López-Ramos J, Humberto Muñoz-Ortega M, Eugenia Vargas-Camaño M, González-Segovia R. Immunological markers and Helicobacter pylori in patients with stomach cancer: Expression and correlation. Biomed Rep 2020; 12:233-243. [PMID: 32257186 PMCID: PMC7100142 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and ICOS-L (also referred to as B7 homolog 1 and 2, respectively) modulate the immune inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression levels of these inflammatory mediators in two groups of patients with an Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection; patients with and without gastric cancer. The association between bacterial virulence factors, CagA and VacA, was also examined, as well as their correlation with the inflammatory profile. Endoscopy analysis indicated that 18 patients suffered from cancer and 28 patients suffered from other gastric pathologies. PCR and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to analyze gastric biopsies and determine the expression levels of the inflammatory modulators PD-L1 and ICOS-L, transcription factors, cytokines and other genes associated with inflammation and pathogenicity. All 46 patients were determined positive for markers of H. pylori. Patients with stomach cancer had lower levels of ICOS-L (P<0.05) and GATA3 (P<0.01), a negative correlation between CagA and IL-17 (P<0.05), a positive correlation between CagA and IL-10 (P<0.05), a negative correlation between vacA-m1 and retinoid orphan receptor γt (RORγt) (P<0.001), and a positive correlation between RORγt and ICOS-L (P<0.001). The reduced levels of ICOS-L and GATA3 along with the negative correlation between CagA and IL-17, and between vacA-m1 and RORγt were all associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer in the present cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Idalia Torres-Ruiz
- Departamento de Endoscopia, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre ISSSTE, Ciudad de México, CP 03229, México
| | - Luis Ariel Waller-González
- Departamento de Endoscopia, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre ISSSTE, Ciudad de México, CP 03229, México
| | | | - Javier Torres-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias UMAE, Hospital de Pediatría, IMSS, Ciudad de México, CP 06720, México
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Departamento de Morfología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes Ags, CP 20131, México
| | | | - Juan Ernesto López-Ramos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes Ags, CP 20131, México
| | | | - María Eugenia Vargas-Camaño
- Servicio de Inmunología Clínica y Alergía, Centro Médico Nacional 20 Noviembre ISSSTE, Ciudad de México, CP 03229, México
| | - Rodolfo González-Segovia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes Ags, CP 20131, México
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Gastric cancer: genome damaged by bugs. Oncogene 2020; 39:3427-3442. [PMID: 32123313 PMCID: PMC7176583 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The role of the microorganisms in gastric tumorigenesis attracts much attention in recent years. These microorganisms include bacteria, virus, and fungi. Among them, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is by far the most important risk factor for GC development, with special reference to the early-onset cases. H. pylori targets multiple cellular components by utilizing various virulence factors to modulate the host proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and inflammatory response. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) serves as another major risk factor in gastric carcinogenesis. The virus protein, EBER noncoding RNA, and EBV miRNAs contribute to the tumorigenesis by modulating host genome methylation and gene expression. In this review, we summarized the related reports about the colonized microorganism in the stomach and discussed their specific roles in gastric tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, we highlighted the therapeutic significance of eradicating the microorganisms in GC treatment.
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects the gastric epithelia of its human host. Everyone who is colonized with these pathogenic bacteria can develop gastric inflammation, termed gastritis. Additionally, a small proportion of colonized people develop more adverse outcomes, including gastric ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The development of these adverse outcomes is dependent on the establishment of a chronic inflammatory response. The development and control of this chronic inflammatory response are significantly impacted by CD4+ T helper cell activity. Noteworthy, T helper 17 (Th17) cells, a proinflammatory subset of CD4+ T cells, produce several proinflammatory cytokines that activate innate immune cell antimicrobial activity, drive a pathogenic immune response, regulate B cell responses, and participate in wound healing. Therefore, this review was written to take an intricate look at the involvement of Th17 cells and their affiliated cytokines (interleukin-17A [IL-17A], IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-26) in regulating the immune response to H. pylori colonization and carcinogenesis.
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh S. The important role played by chemokines influence the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Life Sci 2019; 231:116688. [PMID: 31348950 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extended infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), one of the most frequent infectious agents in humans, may cause gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. During H. pylori infection, different kinds of inflammatory cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, T cells and B cells are accumulated into the stomach. The interactions between chemokines and their respective receptors recruit particular types of the leukocytes that ultimately determine the nature of immune response and therefore, have a main influence on the consequence of infection. The suitable production of chemokines especially in the early stages of H. pylori infection shapes appropriate immune responses that contribute to the H. pylori elimination. The unbalanced expression of the chemokines can contribute in the induction of inappropriate responses that result in the tissue damage or malignancy. Thus, chemokines and their receptors may be promising potential targets for designing the therapeutic strategies against various types H. pylori-related gastrointestinal disorders. In this review, a comprehensive explanation regarding the roles played by chemokines in H. pylori-mediated peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric malignancies was provided while presenting the potential utilization of these chemoattractants as therapeutic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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15
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Ikuse T, Blanchard TG, Czinn SJ. Inflammation, Immunity, and Vaccine Development for the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:1-19. [PMID: 31123883 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been over 30 years since a link was established between H. pylori infection of the gastric mucosa and the development of chronic gastric diseases. Research in rodent models supported by data from human tissue demonstrated that the host immune response to H. pylori is limited by host regulatory T cells. Immunization has been shown to induce a potent Th1- and Th17-mediated immune response capable of eradicating or at least significantly reducing the bacterial load of H. pylori in the stomach in small animal models. These results have not translated well to humans. Clinical trials employing many of the strategies used in rodents for oral immunization including the use of a mucosal adjuvant such as Escherichia coli LT or delivery by attenuated enteric bacteria have failed to limit H. pylori infection and have highlighted the potential toxicity of exotoxin-based mucosal adjuvants. A recent study, however, utilizing a recombinant fusion protein of H. pylori urease and the subunit B of E. coli LT, was performed on over 4000 children. Efficacy of over 70% was demonstrated against naturally acquired infection compared to control volunteers one year post-immunization. Efficacy was reduced, but still above 50% at three years. This study provided new insight into the strategies for developing an improved vaccine for widespread use in countries with high infection rates and where gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common causes of death due to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Ikuse
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas G Blanchard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 13-015 Bressler Research Building, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Steven J Czinn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 13-015 Bressler Research Building, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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16
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Reyes VE, Peniche AG. Helicobacter pylori Deregulates T and B Cell Signaling to Trigger Immune Evasion. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:229-265. [PMID: 31123892 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a prevalent human pathogen that successfully establishes chronic infection, which leads to clinically significant gastric diseases including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastric cancer (GC). H. pylori is able to produce a persistent infection due in large part to its ability to hijack the host immune response. The host adaptive immune response is activated to strategically and specifically attack pathogens and normally clears them from the infected host. Since B and T lymphocytes are central mediators of adaptive immunity, in this chapter we review their development and the fundamental mechanisms regulating their activation in order to understand how some of the normal processes are subverted by H. pylori. In this review, we place particular emphasis on the CD4+ T cell responses, their subtypes, and regulatory mechanisms because of the expanding literature in this area related to H. pylori. T lymphocyte differentiation and function are finely orchestrated through a series of cell-cell interactions, which include immune checkpoint receptors. Among the immune checkpoint receptor family, there are some with inhibitory properties that are exploited by tumor cells to facilitate their immune evasion. Gastric epithelial cells (GECs), which act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the gastric mucosa, are induced by H. pylori to express immune checkpoint receptors known to sway T lymphocyte function and thus circumvent effective T effector lymphocyte responses. This chapter reviews these and other mechanisms used by H. pylori to interfere with host immunity in order to persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Alex G Peniche
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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Jafarzadeh A, Larussa T, Nemati M, Jalapour S. T cell subsets play an important role in the determination of the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:227-236. [PMID: 29407232 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogen and a persistent infection with this bacterium causes common pathologies, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers, and also less common but more serious pathologies, such as gastric cancer or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The clinical outcome of gastrointestinal infection sustained by H. pylori is determined by the reciprocal interactions between virulence factors of the bacterium and host factors, including immune response genes. Although H. pylori induces a strong immune response, the bacterium is not eliminated. The eradication failure could be attributed to the bacterial capability to regulate helper T (Th) cell-related responses. H. pylori specific CD4+ T cells play a fundamental role in regulating host immunity and immunopathologic events. It has been documented that Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, separately or in coordination with each other, can affect the outcome of the infection sustained by of H. pylori. Some studies indicated that both Th1 and Th17 cells may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Treg and Th2 cells perform anti-inflammatory impacts during H. pylori infection. This review gathers recent information regarding the association of the CD4+ T cells-mediated immunological responses and the clinical consequence of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shila Jalapour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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18
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Sun H, Yuan H, Tan R, Li B, Guo G, Zhang J, Jing H, Qin Y, Zhao Z, Zou Q, Wu C. Immunodominant antigens that induce Th1 and Th17 responses protect mice against Helicobacter pylori infection. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12050-12063. [PMID: 29552292 PMCID: PMC5844728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has infected more than half of the world's population, causing gastritis, gastric ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer. The oral recombinant Helicobacter pylori vaccine currently used has made great progress in addressing this problem, however, its efficacy and longevity still need to be improved. Th1 and Th17 cells play essential roles in local protection against Helicobacter pylori in the stomach mucosa. Additionally, protective immunodominant antigens are the preferred for a vaccine. In this work, Helicobacter pylori whole cell lysate was separated into 30 groups based on molecular weight by molecular sieve chromatography. The group best promoting CD4 T cells proliferation was selected and evaluated by immunization. The detail proteins were then analyzed by LC-MS/MS and expressed in Escherichia coli. Eleven proteins were selected and the dominant ones were demonstrated. As a result, three protective immunodominant antigens, inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, type II citrate synthase, and urease subunit beta, were selected from Helicobacter pylori whole cell. Two of them (inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase and type II citrate synthase) were newly identified, and one (urease subunit beta) was confirmed as previously reported. The mixture of the three antigens showed satisfactory protective efficiency, with significant lower H. pylori colonization level (P < 0.001) and stronger Th1 (P < 0.001) and Th17 (P < 0.001) responses than PBS control group. Thus, inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, type II citrate synthase, and urease subunit beta are three protective antigens inducing dominant Th1 and Th17 responses to defend against Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqiang Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hanmei Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ranjing Tan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gang Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haiming Jing
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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19
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Fang X, Liu K, Cai J, Luo F, Yuan F, Chen P. Positive Helicobacter pylori status is associated with better overall survival for gastric cancer patients: evidence from case-cohort studies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:79604-79617. [PMID: 29108340 PMCID: PMC5668073 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection increases the gastric cancer risk; however, the influences of H. pylori infection status on the outcomes for gastric cancer patients have not yet clearly defined. Herein, we systematically assessed the epidemiological studies regarding the associations between the H.pylori infection status at diagnosis and the prognosis for gastric cancer patients with the meta-analysis methods. Thirty-three eligibility studies with 8,199 participants that had determined the H.pylori infection status and the outcomes for gastric cancer patients were identified through searching the PubMed and MEDLINE databases updated to March 1st, 2017. The random-effects model suggested that positive H. pylori infection was associated with better overall survival with the pooled hazard ratio (HR) was 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.66-0.93; Q = 134.86, df = 32, P-heterogeneity < 0.001; I2 = 76.3%] compared to negative patients. The association was found to be more prominent in studies with higher quality, longer following-up time and more sensitive detection methods. An inverse but not statistically significant association between the H.pylori status and the disease-free survival of the patients (pooled HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.61-1.05;Q = 30.48, df = 11, P-heterogeneity = 0.001; I2 = 63.9%) was found, while no significant association was noticed in any subgroup analyses. These results suggested that gastric cancer patients with positive H.pylori infection status at diagnosis have better overall survival compared to negative; however, more studies are warranted to confirm the results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqian Fang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Cai
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fangxiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peizhan Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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20
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Shamsdin SA, Alborzi A, Rasouli M, Ghaderi A, Lankrani KB, Dehghani SM, Pouladfar GR. The importance of TH22 and TC22 cells in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric diseases. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 27990709 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association exists between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), peptic ulcers, gastritis, and sometimes gastric carcinomas. Th22 cells have protective and inflammatory roles in defense against microbes. AIM We investigated the frequencies of Th22, Tc22, Th22/17, and Tc22/17 cells in addition to the changes in levels of cytokines IL-22, IL-6, IL-23, TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β in sera from patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis, and peptic ulcer, and in uninfected patients. METHODS A total of 76 patients with H. pylori-associated disorders formed the studied group. Frequencies of T-cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines IL-22, IL-6, IL-23, TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β in the sera and supernatants of patients were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. RESULTS The study participants included 32 males and 44 females with a mean age of 38.5±15.3 years. We divided the infected group into peptic ulcer and gastritis (mild, moderate, active chronic, and chronic). The frequencies of Th22, Tc22, and Tc22/17 increased significantly in the peptic ulcer, moderate, active chronic, and chronic gastritis groups compared to the uninfected group. Th22/17 only increased significantly in the chronic gastritis group. We observed significant increases in IL-22 in the moderate and active chronic gastritis, IL-23 in the active chronic and chronic gastritis, and TNF-α in the peptic ulcer and moderate gastritis groups. Following in vitro antigenic stimulation, we observed significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-23, and IL-6 in the active chronic gastritis group, as well as IL-6 and IL-1β in the chronic gastritis group compared to the uninfected group. CONCLUSION Increased Th22, Tc22, and Tc22/17 cells and IL-22 levels appear to be influential in progression and severity of H. pylori infection. Th22/17 can be an interesting therapeutic target for chronic H. pylori infections where eradication is more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Azra Shamsdin
- Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Alborzi
- Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Rasouli
- Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran B Lankrani
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Dehghani
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Pouladfar
- Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Liu C, Zhang Z, Zhu M. Immune Responses Mediated by Th17 Cells in Helicobacter pylori Infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1159/000446317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Shamsdin SA, Alborzi A, Rasouli M, Hosseini MK, Bagheri Lankrani K, Kalani M. Alterations in Th17 and the Respective Cytokine Levels in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Stomach Diseases. Helicobacter 2015; 20:460-75. [PMID: 25908492 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections by Helicobacter can cause the stimulation of sophisticated immune response in mucosal immunity. Among the different lymphocytes, Th17 plays an important role in the defense against H. pylori and may cause gastritis and peptic ulcer due to the increased activation of Th17 and cytokine changes. AIM To find a relationship between Th17 and IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, TGF-β in the patients with H. pylori infection having signs including gastritis and peptic ulcer. METHODS A total of 36 samples from the patients [24 Hp+ and 12 Hp- cases] with dyspepsia symptoms were collected. The percentage of Th17 was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of Th17-associated cytokines in the sera and supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which were stimulated with the H. pylori antigen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), or Dynabeads were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Patients were divided into two groups of having either H. pylori infected (peptic ulcer, gastritis (mild, moderate)) or being uninfected. The percentage of Th17 in the patients with peptic ulcer and gastritis was significantly higher than their uninfected counterparts (p ≤ .001). The serum levels of IL-17A, IL-23, and TGF-β in the peptic ulcer and gastritis groups were significantly higher compared with the corresponding levels in the uninfected population (p < .05). A significant association of TGF-β, IL-21, and Th17 was observed with low levels of IL-17A in the mild gastritis patients (p < .05). Significantly higher levels of IL-22, IL-17A, IL-23, and higher Th17 frequencies were detected in the moderate gastritis patients, as compared with the uninfected patients (p ≤ .001). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that among the cytokines associated with Th17, the two cytokines of IL-21 and TGF-β play a more critical role in peptic ulcer and gastritis in the individuals infected with H. pylori. Furthermore, inflammation varies depending on the type of the cytokine and its secreted level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Azra Shamsdin
- Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Alborzi
- Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Rasouli
- Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Kazem Hosseini
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Kalani
- Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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23
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Sun X, Xu Y, Zhang F, Jing T, Han J, Zhang J. Association between the IL1B -31C > T polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection in Asian and Latin American population: A meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2015; 86:45-52. [PMID: 26188264 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host genetic factors that control the production of cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), possibly affect susceptibility to many Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. There is a complex interplay between H. pylori infection, the subsequent production of certain cytokines, and H. pylori-related diseases. We conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association between the IL1B -31C > T polymorphism and H. pylori infection, and possible subsequent pathogenic mechanisms. METHODS Published literature contained within PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was used in our meta-analysis. Data were analyzed with the STATA 13.1 software package using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Egger's regression test, Begg's rank correlation test, and Begg's funnel plot were used to test publication bias. RESULTS A total of 12 case-control studies comprising 5827 subjects (3335 cases and 2492 controls) were available for our meta-analysis. The IL1B -31C > T polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of H. pylori infection in Asian and Latin American population (TT + CT vs. CC, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.14-1.46; TT vs. CT + CC, OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.09-1.39; TT vs. CC, OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.22-1.67; T allele vs. C allele, OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.10-1.29). A significant association was also found for all genetic models in various subgroups (cancer and no-cancer, hospital- and population-based). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis demonstrated that IL1B -31C > T polymorphism might increase H. pylori infection risk in Asian and Latin American population. Further studies with different ethnicities and larger sample size are required to validate this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fuhua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tao Jing
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Suppression of cell division-associated genes by Helicobacter pylori attenuates proliferation of RAW264.7 monocytic macrophage cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11046. [PMID: 26078204 PMCID: PMC4468580 DOI: 10.1038/srep11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori at multiplicity of infection (MOI ≥ 50) have been shown to cause apoptosis in RAW264.7 monocytic macrophage cells. Because chronic gastric infection by H. pylori results in the persistence of macrophages in the host's gut, it is likely that H. pylori is present at low to moderate, rather than high numbers in the infected host. At present, the effect of low-MOI H. pylori infection on macrophage has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide transcriptional regulation of H. pylori-infected RAW264.7 cells at MOI 1, 5 and 10 in the absence of cellular apoptosis. Microarray data revealed up- and down-regulation of 1341 and 1591 genes, respectively. The expression of genes encoding for DNA replication and cell cycle-associated molecules, including Aurora-B kinase (AurkB) were down-regulated. Immunoblot analysis verified the decreased expression of AurkB and downstream phosphorylation of Cdk1 caused by H. pylori infection. Consistently, we observed that H. pylori infection inhibited cell proliferation and progression through the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints. In summary, we suggest that H. pylori disrupts expression of cell cycle-associated genes, thereby impeding proliferation of RAW264.7 cells, and such disruption may be an immunoevasive strategy utilized by H. pylori.
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Santos AM, Lopes T, Oleastro M, Gato IV, Floch P, Benejat L, Chaves P, Pereira T, Seixas E, Machado J, Guerreiro AS. Curcumin inhibits gastric inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in a mouse model. Nutrients 2015; 7:306-20. [PMID: 25569625 PMCID: PMC4303841 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection triggers a sequence of gastric alterations starting with an inflammation of the gastric mucosa that, in some cases, evolves to gastric cancer. Efficient vaccination has not been achieved, thus it is essential to find alternative therapies, particularly in the nutritional field. The current study evaluated whether curcumin could attenuate inflammation of the gastric mucosa due to H. pylori infection. Twenty-eight C57BL/6 mice, were inoculated with the H. pylori SS1 strain; ten non-infected mice were used as controls. H. pylori infection in live mice was followed-up using a modified 13C-Urea Breath Test (13C-UBT) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histologically confirmed, gastritis was observed in 42% of infected non-treated mice at both 6 and 18 weeks post-infection. These mice showed an up-regulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and MyD88, at both time points. Treatment with curcumin decreased the expression of all these mediators. No inflammation was observed by histology in this group. Curcumin treatment exerted a significant anti-inflammatory effect in H. pylori-infected mucosa, pointing to the promising role of a nutritional approach in the prevention of H. pylori induced deleterious inflammation while the eradication or prevention of colonization by effective vaccine is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- António M Santos
- Serviço de Medicina 4-Hospital de Santa Marta/Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Rua de Santa Marta, 50, 1169-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Lopes
- CEDOC-Nova Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Inês Vale Gato
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Pauline Floch
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Lucie Benejat
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Paula Chaves
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica-Instituto Português de Oncologia Dr. Francisco Gentil, R. Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Pereira
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica-Instituto Português de Oncologia Dr. Francisco Gentil, R. Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Elsa Seixas
- CEDOC-Nova Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Machado
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - António S Guerreiro
- Serviço de Medicina 4-Hospital de Santa Marta/Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Rua de Santa Marta, 50, 1169-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Munari F, Fassan M, Capitani N, Codolo G, Vila-Caballer M, Pizzi M, Rugge M, Della Bella C, Troilo A, D'Elios S, Baldari CT, D'Elios MM, de Bernard M. Cytokine BAFF released by Helicobacter pylori-infected macrophages triggers the Th17 response in human chronic gastritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5584-94. [PMID: 25339679 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BAFF is a crucial cytokine that affects the activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells. It promotes the expansion of Th17 cells in autoimmune disorders. With this study, we investigated the BAFF/Th17 responses in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in humans. Our results show that the mucosa from Helicobacter(+) patients with chronic gastritis is enriched in IL-17 and BAFF, whereas the two cytokines are weakly expressed in Helicobacter(-) patients with chronic gastritis; moreover, the expression of both BAFF and IL-17 decreases after bacteria eradication. We demonstrate that BAFF accumulates in macrophages in vivo and that it is produced by monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro, after Helicobacter stimulation. Application of BAFF on monocytes triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that are crucial for the release of pro-Th17 cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-1β, and TGF-β. Moreover, BAFF directly promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells. In conclusion, our results support the notion that an axis BAFF/Th17 exists in chronic gastritis of Helicobacter(+) patients and that its presence strictly depends on the bacterium. Moreover, we demonstrated that BAFF is able to drive Th17 responses both indirectly, by creating a pro-Th17 cytokine milieu through the involvement of innate immune cells, and directly, via the differentiation of T cells toward the specific profile. The results obtained in this study are of great interest for Helicobacter-related diseases and the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on the inhibition of the BAFF/IL-17 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Munari
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; and
| | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pizzi
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Arianna Troilo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Sofia D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; and
| | - Mario M D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
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Wang C, Zhu L, Gao Z, Guan Z, Lu H, Shi M, Gao Y, Xu H, Yang XF, Zhou P. Increased interleukin-17 in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of neurosyphilis patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3004. [PMID: 25080350 PMCID: PMC4117445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treponema pallidum infection evokes vigorous immune responses, resulting in tissue damage. Several studies have demonstrated that IL-17 may be involved in the pathogenesis of syphilis. However, the role of Th17 response in neurosyphilis remains unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, Th17 in peripheral blood from 103 neurosyphilis patients, 69 syphilis patients without neurological involvement, and 70 healthy donors were analyzed by flow cytometry. The level of IL-17 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was quantified by ELISA. One-year follow up for 44 neurosyphilis patients was further monitored to investigate the role of Th17/IL-17 in neurosyphilis. We found that the frequency of Th17 cells was significantly increased in peripheral blood of patients with neurosyphilis, in comparison to healthy donors. IL-17 in CSF were detected from 55.3% neurosyphilis patients (in average of 2.29 (0-59.83) pg/ml), especially in those with symptomatic neurosyphilis (61.9%). CSF IL-17 was predominantly derived from Th17 cells in neurosyphilis patients. Levels of IL-17 in CSF of neurosyphilis patients were positively associated with total CSF protein levels and CSF VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) titers. Notably, neurosyphilis patients with undetectable CSF IL-17 were more likely to confer to CSF VDRL negative after treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Th17 response may be involved in central nervous system damage and associated with clinical symptoms in neurosyphilis patients. Th17/IL-17 may be used as an alternative surrogate marker for assessing the efficacy of clinical treatment of neurosyphilis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuini Wang
- STD Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, People′s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Clinical School of Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, People′s Republic of China
| | - Zixiao Gao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Clinical School of Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, People′s Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Guan
- STD Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, People′s Republic of China
| | - Haikong Lu
- STD Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, People′s Republic of China
| | - Mei Shi
- STD Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, People′s Republic of China
| | - Ying Gao
- STD Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, People′s Republic of China
| | - Huanbin Xu
- STD Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, People′s Republic of China
| | - X. Frank Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Pingyu Zhou
- STD Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, People′s Republic of China
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Figueiredo CA, Marques CR, Costa RDS, Silva HBFD, Alcantara-Neves NM. Cytokines, cytokine gene polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori infection: Friend or foe? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5235-5243. [PMID: 24833853 PMCID: PMC4017038 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a flagellated, spiral-shaped, microaerophilic Gram-negative bacillus that colonises the gastric mucosa of more than 50% of the human population. Infection is a risk factor for gastritis, ulcer disease and stomach cancer. Immunity against H. pylori is mainly related to Th1/Th17 skewing, and the activation of regulatory T cells is the main strategy used to limit inflammatory responses, which can result in the pathogen persistence and can lead to chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, host genetic factors that affect cytokines may determine differences in the susceptibility to many diseases. In this review, we present the cytokine profiles and the main cytokine gene polymorphisms associated with resistance/susceptibility to H. pylori and discuss how such polymorphisms may influence infection/disease outcomes.
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Randall TD, Mebius RE. The development and function of mucosal lymphoid tissues: a balancing act with micro-organisms. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:455-66. [PMID: 24569801 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to environmental antigens, colonized by commensal organisms and used by pathogens as points of entry. As a result, the immune system has devoted the bulk of its resources to mucosal sites to maintain symbiosis with commensal organisms, prevent pathogen entry, and avoid unnecessary inflammatory responses to innocuous antigens. These functions are facilitated by a variety of mucosal lymphoid organs that develop during embryogenesis in the absence of microbial stimulation as well as ectopic lymphoid tissues that develop in adults following microbial exposure or inflammation. Each of these lymphoid organs samples antigens from different mucosal sites and contributes to immune homeostasis, commensal containment, and immunity to pathogens. Here we discuss the mechanisms, mostly based on mouse studies, that control the development of mucosal lymphoid organs and how the various lymphoid tissues cooperate to maintain the integrity of the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama, USA
| | - R E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Carbo A, Bassaganya-Riera J, Pedragosa M, Viladomiu M, Marathe M, Eubank S, Wendelsdorf K, Bisset K, Hoops S, Deng X, Alam M, Kronsteiner B, Mei Y, Hontecillas R. Predictive computational modeling of the mucosal immune responses during Helicobacter pylori infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73365. [PMID: 24039925 PMCID: PMC3764126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells play a major role in the immune response and pathology at the gastric mucosa during Helicobacter pylori infection. There is a limited mechanistic understanding regarding the contributions of CD4+ T cell subsets to gastritis development during H. pylori colonization. We used two computational approaches: ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based and agent-based modeling (ABM) to study the mechanisms underlying cellular immune responses to H. pylori and how CD4+ T cell subsets influenced initiation, progression and outcome of disease. To calibrate the model, in vivo experimentation was performed by infecting C57BL/6 mice intragastrically with H. pylori and assaying immune cell subsets in the stomach and gastric lymph nodes (GLN) on days 0, 7, 14, 30 and 60 post-infection. Our computational model reproduced the dynamics of effector and regulatory pathways in the gastric lamina propria (LP) in silico. Simulation results show the induction of a Th17 response and a dominant Th1 response, together with a regulatory response characterized by high levels of mucosal Treg) cells. We also investigated the potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation on the modulation of host responses to H. pylori by using loss-of-function approaches. Specifically, in silico results showed a predominance of Th1 and Th17 cells in the stomach of the cell-specific PPARγ knockout system when compared to the wild-type simulation. Spatio-temporal, object-oriented ABM approaches suggested similar dynamics in induction of host responses showing analogous T cell distributions to ODE modeling and facilitated tracking lesion formation. In addition, sensitivity analysis predicted a crucial contribution of Th1 and Th17 effector responses as mediators of histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa during chronic stages of infection, which were experimentally validated in mice. These integrated immunoinformatics approaches characterized the induction of mucosal effector and regulatory pathways controlled by PPARγ during H. pylori infection affecting disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Carbo
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mireia Pedragosa
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Monica Viladomiu
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Madhav Marathe
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stephen Eubank
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Katherine Wendelsdorf
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Keith Bisset
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stefan Hoops
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Xinwei Deng
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Maksudul Alam
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Barbara Kronsteiner
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yongguo Mei
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Stromal cells induce Th17 during Helicobacter pylori infection and in the gastric tumor microenvironment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53798. [PMID: 23365642 PMCID: PMC3554710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is associated with chronic inflammation and Helicobacter pylori infection. Th17 cells are CD4(+) T cells associated with infections and inflammation; but their role and mechanism of induction during carcinogenesis is not understood. Gastric myofibroblasts/fibroblasts (GMF) are abundant class II MHC expressing cells that act as novel antigen presenting cells. Here we have demonstrated the accumulation of Th17 in H. pylori-infected human tissues and in the gastric tumor microenvironment. GMF isolated from human gastric cancer and H. pylori infected tissues co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells induced substantially higher levels of Th17 than GMF from normal tissues in an IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-21 dependent manner. Th17 required interaction with class II MHC on GMF for activation and proliferation. These studies suggest that Th17 are induced during both H. pylori infection and gastric cancer in the inflammatory milieu of gastric stroma and may be an important link between inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Abstract
The immune response to Helicobacter pylori is a multifaceted group of mechanisms involving responses that are both protective and damaging to the host. The innate and the adaptive immune responses lead to damaging inflammatory responses, but these responses may fail, allowing for persistence of many infections. Thus, developing new therapeutics and effective vaccines against H. pylori has proven to be arduous. In this manuscript, we will examine the advances in knowledge made in the past year in understanding the host immune response to H. pylori and the progress toward developing a vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alojz Ihan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irina V. Pinchuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Ellen J. Beswick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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Jiang XD, Li GY, Li L, Dong Z, Zhu DD. The characterization of IL-17A expression in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2012; 25:e171-5. [PMID: 22186234 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-17A, mainly produced by Th17 cells, was previously described as an inflammatory cytokine that induces a profile of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and metalloproteinases. Recent studies have revealed that IL-17 is correlated with inflammatory lung disorders by triggering an accumulation of neutrophils. More recently, we have shown that the expression of IL-17 may be involved in the development of nasal polyps (NPs). Here, we describe the characterization of IL-17 expression in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) from northeast China. METHODS Histopathological observations and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for IL-17, IL-17RD, myeloperoxidase, and CD68 were performed on 52 specimens (42 NPs and 10 specimens of middle turbinate as normal control). Double IHC staining was performed to determine which cells expressed IL-17. The serum expression levels of IL-17 were determined by ELISA and the mRNA expression of IL-17 and Th17 cells transcription factor retinoid acid-related orphan receptor C (RORc) was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS 42.9% of CRSwNP specimens presented eosinophilic inflammation; 35.7% of CRSwNP specimens presented neutrophilic inflammation. Relatively higher mRNA expression levels of IL-17 and RORc were seen in CRSwNPs compared with the controls. A marked increase of IL-17 and IL-17RD proteins (p < 0.01) were seen in CRSwNP group. The expression levels of IL-17 and RORc did not differ between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNPs (p > 0.05). However, high expression levels of IL-17RD were seen in noneosinophilic CRSwNPs compared with eosinophilic CRSwNPs (p < 0.05). The serum expression of IL-17 in CRSwNP patients was similar to healthy controls. The IL-17 expressing cells mainly were the macrophages as shown by double IHC staining. CONCLUSION Chinese CRSwNP patients showed an enhanced Th17 response regardless of eosinophilic or noneosinophilic inflammation. IL-17 may be involved in the development of NPs through its local immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Horvath DJ, Washington MK, Cope VA, Algood HMS. IL-23 Contributes to Control of Chronic Helicobacter Pylori Infection and the Development of T Helper Responses in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2012; 3:56. [PMID: 22566937 PMCID: PMC3342083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to Helicobacter pylori involves a mixed T helper-1, T helper-2, and T helper-17 response. It has been suggested that T helper cells contribute to the gastric inflammatory response during infection, and that T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) subsets may be required for control of H. pylori colonization in the stomach. The relative contributions of these subsets to gastritis and control of infection are still under investigation. IL-23 plays a role in stabilizing and expanding Th17 cell cytokine expression. Expression of IL-23, which is induced in dendritic cells and macrophages following co-culture with H. pylori, has also been reported to increase during H. pylori infection in humans and animal models. To investigate the role of IL-23 in H. pylori, we infected IL-23p19 deficient mice (IL-23−/−) and wild-type littermates with H. pylori strain SS1. At various time points post-infection, we assessed colonization, gastric inflammation, and cytokine profiles in the gastric tissue. Specifically, H. pylori-infected IL-23−/− mice have higher levels of H. pylori in their stomachs, significantly less chronic gastritis, and reduced expression of IL-17 and IFNγ compared to H. pylori-infected wild-type mice. While many of these differences were significant, the H. pylori infected IL-23−/− had mild increases in our measurements of disease severity. Our results indicate that IL-23 plays a role in the activation of the immune response and induction of gastritis in response to H. pylori by contributing to the control of infection and severity of gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Horvath
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
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