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Froehlich F, Landerholm K, Neeb J, Meß AK, Seiler DL, Tilburgs T, Karsten CM. Emerging role of C5aR2: novel insights into the regulation of uterine immune cells during pregnancy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1411315. [PMID: 38979410 PMCID: PMC11229525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a fascinating immunological phenomenon because it allows allogeneic fetal and placental tissues to survive inside the mother. As a component of innate immunity with high inflammatory potential, the complement system must be tightly regulated during pregnancy. Dysregulation of the complement system plays a role in pregnancy complications including pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Complement components are also used as biomarkers for pregnancy complications. However, the mechanisms of detrimental role of complement in pregnancy is poorly understood. C5a is the most potent anaphylatoxin and generates multiple immune reactions via two transmembrane receptors, C5aR1 and C5aR2. C5aR1 is pro-inflammatory, but the role of C5aR2 remains largely elusive. Interestingly, murine NK cells have been shown to express C5aR2 without the usual co-expression of C5aR1. Furthermore, C5aR2 appears to regulate IFN-γ production by NK cells in vitro. As IFN-γ produced by uterine NK cells is one of the major factors for the successful development of a vital pregnancy, we investigated the role anaphylatoxin C5a and its receptors in the establishment of pregnancy and the regulation of uterine NK cells by examinations of murine C5ar2-/- pregnancies and human placental samples. C5ar2-/- mice have significantly reduced numbers of implantation sites and a maternal C5aR2 deficiency results in increased IL-12, IL-18 and IFN-γ mRNA expression as well as reduced uNK cell infiltration at the maternal-fetal interface. Human decidual leukocytes have similar C5a receptor expression patterns showing clinical relevance. In conclusion, this study identifies C5aR2 as a key contributor to dNK infiltration and pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenna Froehlich
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Konstanze Landerholm
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Johanna Neeb
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Meß
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Leonard Seiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Tamara Tilburgs
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Stergiou IE, Tsironis C, Papadakos SP, Tsitsilonis OE, Dimopoulos MA, Theocharis S. Unraveling the Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Lymphoma: Implications in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2369. [PMID: 38397043 PMCID: PMC10889189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes, sensors of intracellular danger signals, and crucial components of the innate immune system, with the NLRP3 inflammasome being the best characterized among them. The increasing scientific interest in the mechanisms interconnecting inflammation and tumorigenesis has led to the study of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the setting of various neoplasms. Despite a plethora of data regarding solid tumors, NLRP3 inflammasome's implication in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies only recently gained attention. In this review, we investigate its role in normal lymphopoiesis and lymphomagenesis. Considering that lymphomas comprise a heterogeneous group of hematologic neoplasms, both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing properties were attributed to the NLRP3 inflammasome, affecting neoplastic cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins were associated with disease characteristics, response to treatment, and prognosis. Few studies assess the efficacy of NLRP3 inflammasome therapeutic targeting with encouraging results, though most are still at the preclinical level. Further understanding of the mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation during lymphoma development and progression can contribute to the investigation of novel treatment approaches to cover unmet needs in lymphoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Christos Tsironis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
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3
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Hanna J, Ah-Pine F, Boina C, Bedoui Y, Gasque P, Septembre-Malaterre A. Deciphering the Role of the Anaphylatoxin C3a: A Key Function in Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112986. [PMID: 37296948 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays a crucial role in cancer development. Our study investigated the role of C3a anaphylatoxin on the tumor microenvironment. Our models consisted of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-like, 3T3-L1), macrophages (Raw 264.7 Blue, (RB)) and tumor cells (melanoma B16/F0). Recombinant mouse (Mo) C3a (rC3a) was produced in CHO cells transfected with a Mo-IL10-signal peptide-Mo C3a plasmid construct. The effects of rC3a, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, and LPS were tested on the expression of C3, C3aR, PI3K, cytokines, chemokines, transcription factors, antioxidant defense mechanisms, angiogenesis and macrophage polarization (M1/M2). 3T3-L1 expressed the highest levels of C3, while C3aR was expressed more by RB. Interestingly, expression of C3/3T3-L1 and C3aR/RB was markedly upregulated by IFN-γ. rC3a was found to upregulate the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) on 3T3-L1 and TGF-β1 on RB. rC3a also upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RB. The expression of CCL-5 increased in 3T3-L1 in response to rC3a. On RB, rC3a did not alter M1/M2 polarization but upregulated the expression of antioxidant defense genes, HO-1, and VEGF. C3/C3a produced mainly by MSC may play a critical role in TME remodeling by stimulating both anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic activities of tumor stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolimar Hanna
- Unité de Recherche EPI (Études Pharmaco-Immunologiques), Université de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97405 Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale OI (LICE OI), CHU de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97405 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Franck Ah-Pine
- Unité de Recherche EPI (Études Pharmaco-Immunologiques), Université de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97405 Saint-Denis, France
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de La Réunion, Avenue François Mitterrand BP450, 97448 Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Chailas Boina
- Unité de Recherche EPI (Études Pharmaco-Immunologiques), Université de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97405 Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale OI (LICE OI), CHU de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97405 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Yosra Bedoui
- Unité de Recherche EPI (Études Pharmaco-Immunologiques), Université de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97405 Saint-Denis, France
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de La Réunion, Avenue François Mitterrand BP450, 97448 Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche EPI (Études Pharmaco-Immunologiques), Université de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97405 Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale OI (LICE OI), CHU de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97405 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Unité de Recherche EPI (Études Pharmaco-Immunologiques), Université de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97405 Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale OI (LICE OI), CHU de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97405 Saint-Denis, France
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4
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Shende R, Wong SSW, Meitei HT, Lal G, Madan T, Aimanianda V, Pal JK, Sahu A. Protective role of host complement system in Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:978152. [PMID: 36211424 PMCID: PMC9539816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.978152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening fungal infection for immunocompromised hosts. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the immune pathways that control this infection. Although the primary infection site is the lungs, aspergillosis can disseminate to other organs through unknown mechanisms. Herein we have examined the in vivo role of various complement pathways as well as the complement receptors C3aR and C5aR1 during experimental systemic infection by Aspergillus fumigatus, the main species responsible for IA. We show that C3 knockout (C3-/-) mice are highly susceptible to systemic infection of A. fumigatus. Intriguingly, C4-/- and factor B (FB)-/- mice showed susceptibility similar to the wild-type mice, suggesting that either the complement pathways display functional redundancy during infection (i.e., one pathway compensates for the loss of the other), or complement is activated non-canonically by A. fumigatus protease. Our in vitro study substantiates the presence of C3 and C5 cleaving proteases in A. fumigatus. Examination of the importance of the terminal complement pathway employing C5-/- and C5aR1-/- mice reveals that it plays a vital role in the conidial clearance. This, in part, is due to the increased conidial uptake by phagocytes. Together, our data suggest that the complement deficiency enhances the susceptibility to systemic infection by A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri Shende
- Complement Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule (S. P.) Pune University Campus, Pune, India
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Sarah Sze Wah Wong
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Unité Mycologie Moléculaire, Department of Mycology, Paris, France
| | - Heikrujam Thoihen Meitei
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule (S. P.) Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule (S. P.) Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR – National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Vishukumar Aimanianda
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Unité Mycologie Moléculaire, Department of Mycology, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Arvind Sahu, ; Vishukumar Aimanianda,
| | - Jayanta Kumar Pal
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Arvind Sahu
- Complement Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule (S. P.) Pune University Campus, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Arvind Sahu, ; Vishukumar Aimanianda,
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Association of complement component 4 with neuroimmune abnormalities in the subventricular zone in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105840. [PMID: 35995342 PMCID: PMC9582995 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An early inflammatory insult is the most recognized risk factor associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, even more so than genetic variants. Notably, complement component 4 (C4), a molecule involved in inflammatory responses, has been strongly associated with schizophrenia (SZ) and its role in other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism (ASD), is an area of active investigation. However, while C4 in SZ has been implicated in the context of synaptic pruning, little is known about its neuroinflammatory role. The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a region heavily involved in neurodevelopment and neuroimmune interactions through the lifespan; thus, it is a region wherein C4 may play a vital role in disease pathology. Using in situ hybridization with radioactive riboprobes and RNAscope, we identified robust astrocytic expression of C4 in the SVZ and in the septum pellucidum. C4 was also expressed in ependyma, neurons, and Ki67+ progenitor cells. Examination of mRNA levels showed elevated C4 in both ASD and SZ, with higher expression in SZ compared to controls. Targeted transcriptomic analysis of inflammatory pathways revealed a strong association of complement system genes with SZ, and to a lesser extent, ASD, as well as generalized immune dysregulation without a strong association with known infectious pathways. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that ASD DEGs were enriched in adaptive immune system functions such as Th cell differentiation, while SZ DEGs were enriched in innate immune system functions, including NF-κB and toll like receptor signaling. Moreover, the number of Ki67+ cells was significantly higher in ASD compared to SZ and controls. Taken together, these results support a role for C4 into inflammatory-neuroimmune dysregulation observed in SZ and ASD pathology.
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6
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Halasi M, Grinstein M, Adini A, Adini I. Fibromodulin Ablation Exacerbates the Severity of Acute Colitis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4515-4526. [PMID: 35966006 PMCID: PMC9374093 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s366290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epidemiological studies have associated pigment production with protection against certain human diseases. In contrast to African Americans, European descendants are more likely to suffer from angiogenesis-dependent and inflammatory diseases, such as wet age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), respectively. Methods In a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis, the effect of fibromodulin (FMOD) depletion was examined on colitis severity. Results In this study, albino mice that produce high levels of FMOD developed less severe acute colitis compared with mice lacking in FMOD as assessed by clinical symptoms and histopathological changes. FMOD depletion affected the expression of tight junction proteins, contributing to the destruction of the epithelial barrier. Furthermore, this study revealed a stronger inflammatory response after DSS treatment in the absence of FMOD, where FMOD depletion led to an increase in activated T cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and type I interferon (IFN) production. Discussion These findings point to FMOD as a potential biomarker of disease severity in UC among light-skinned individuals of European descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Halasi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine & Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mor Grinstein
- Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avner Adini
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irit Adini
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine & Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Caputo MB, Elias J, Cesar G, Alvarez MG, Laucella SA, Albareda MC. Role of the Complement System in the Modulation of T-Cell Responses in Chronic Chagas Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:910854. [PMID: 35846776 PMCID: PMC9282465 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.910854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the intracellular pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, is the parasitic disease with the greatest impact in Latin America and the most common cause of infectious myocarditis in the world. The immune system plays a central role in the control of T. cruzi infection but at the same time needs to be controlled to prevent the development of pathology in the host. It has been shown that persistent infection with T. cruzi induces exhaustion of parasite-specific T cell responses in subjects with chronic Chagas disease. The continuous inflammatory reaction due to parasite persistence in the heart also leads to necrosis and fibrosis. The complement system is a key element of the innate immune system, but recent findings have also shown that the interaction between its components and immune cell receptors might modulate several functions of the adaptive immune system. Moreover, the findings that most of immune cells can produce complement proteins and express their receptors have led to the notion that the complement system also has non canonical functions in the T cell. During human infection by T. cruzi, complement activation might play a dual role in the acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease; it is initially crucial in controlling parasitemia and might later contributes to the development of symptomatic forms of Chagas disease due to its role in T-cell regulation. Herein, we will discuss the putative role of effector complement molecules on T-cell immune exhaustion during chronic human T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Caputo
- Investigation Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Elias
- Investigation Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Cesar
- Investigation Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Alvarez
- Chagas Section, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Adriana Laucella
- Investigation Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Chagas Section, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Albareda
- Investigation Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Gaboriaud C, Lorvellec M, Rossi V, Dumestre-Pérard C, Thielens NM. Complement System and Alarmin HMGB1 Crosstalk: For Better or Worse. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869720. [PMID: 35572583 PMCID: PMC9095977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our immune system responds to infectious (PAMPs) and tissue damage (DAMPs) signals. The complement system and alarmin High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) are two powerful soluble actors of human host defense and immune surveillance. These systems involve molecular cascades and amplification loops for their signaling or activation. Initially activated as alarm raising systems, their function can be finally switched towards inflammation resolution, where they sustain immune maturation and orchestrate repair mechanisms, opening the way back to homeostasis. However, when getting out of control, these defense systems can become deleterious and trigger serious cellular and tissue damage. Therefore, they can be considered as double-edged swords. The close interaction between the complement and HMGB1 pathways is described here, as well as their traditional and non-canonical roles, their functioning at different locations and their independent and collective impact in different systems both in health and disease. Starting from these systems and interplay at the molecular level (when elucidated), we then provide disease examples to better illustrate the signs and consequences of their roles and interaction, highlighting their importance and possible vicious circles in alarm raising and inflammation, both individually or in combination. Although this integrated view may open new therapeutic strategies, future challenges have to be faced because of the remaining unknowns regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the fragile molecular balance which can drift towards disease or return to homeostasis, as briefly discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chantal Dumestre-Pérard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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9
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Talaat IM, Elemam NM, Saber-Ayad M. Complement System: An Immunotherapy Target in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810993. [PMID: 35173724 PMCID: PMC8841337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor and the second most fatal cancer worldwide. Several parts of the immune system contribute to fighting cancer including the innate complement system. The complement system is composed of several players, namely component molecules, regulators and receptors. In this review, we discuss the complement system activation in cancer specifically CRC and highlight the possible interactions between the complement system and the various TME components. Additionally, the role of the complement system in tumor immunity of CRC is reviewed. Hence, such work could provide a framework for researchers to further understand the role of the complement system in CRC and explore the potential therapies targeting complement activation in solid tumors such as CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Talaat
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Noha Mousaad Elemam, ; Maha Saber-Ayad,
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Noha Mousaad Elemam, ; Maha Saber-Ayad,
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10
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Netti GS, Franzin R, Stasi A, Spadaccino F, Dello Strologo A, Infante B, Gesualdo L, Castellano G, Ranieri E, Stallone G. Role of Complement in Regulating Inflammation Processes in Renal and Prostate Cancers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092426. [PMID: 34572075 PMCID: PMC8471315 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the complement system, the central pillar of innate immune response, was recognized as a protective mechanism against cancer cells and the manipulation of complement effector functions in cancer setting offered a great opportunity to improve monoclonal antibody-based cancer immunotherapies. Similarly, cellular senescence, the process of cell cycle arrest that allow DNA and tissue repair has been traditionally thought to be able to suppress tumor progression. However, in recent years, extensive research has identified the complement system and cellular senescence as two main inducers of tumour growth in the context of chronic, persistent inflammation named inflammaging. Here, we discuss the data describing the ambivalent role of senescence in cancer with a particular focus on tumors that are strongly dependent on complement activation and can be understood by a new, senescence-related point of view: prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.S.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Federica Spadaccino
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.S.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Andrea Dello Strologo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.D.S.); (B.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Barbara Infante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.D.S.); (B.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.D.S.); (B.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.S.N.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-0881-732611 (E.R.); +39-0881-736002 (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.D.S.); (B.I.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-0881-732611 (E.R.); +39-0881-736002 (G.S.)
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11
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Bao D, Zhang C, Li L, Wang H, Li Q, Ni L, Lin Y, Huang R, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Hu Y. Integrative Analysis of Complement System to Prognosis and Immune Infiltrating in Colon Cancer and Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:553297. [PMID: 33614473 PMCID: PMC7886994 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.553297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complement system acts as an integral part of the innate immune response, which acts primarily to remove pathogens and injured cells. Emerging evidence has shown the activation of the immune regulatory function of complements in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We revealed the expression levels of various complements in human cancers and their role in tumor prognosis and immune infiltration. Methods The differential expression of complements was explored via the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site and the Oncomine database. To investigate whether these differentially expressed complements have correlation with the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) and colon cancer, their impact on survival was assessed using the PrognoScan database and Kaplan-Meier plotter. The correlations between complements and tumor immune-infiltrating levels and immune gene markers were statistically explored in TIMER based on Spearman's correlation coefficients and p-values. Results In two colon cancer cohorts, an increased expression level of DAF (CD55) has statistically significant correlation with poor disease-free survival (DFS). High C3, CR4, and C5aR1 expression levels were significantly related with poor prognosis in GC patients. In addition, C3, CR4, and C5aR1 expression was positively related to the tumor purity and infiltration levels of multiple immune cells in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Moreover, the expression levels of C3, CR4, and C5aR1 were also strongly correlated with various immune marker sets, such as those of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), M1 and M2 macrophages, T cell exhaustion, Tregs, and DCs, in STAD. Additionally, CD55 has positive correlation with few immune cell infiltration levels in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), but its correlation with immune marker sets was not statistically significant. Conclusion These findings confirm the relationship between various complements and tumor prognosis and immune infiltration in colon cancer and GC. CD55 may serve as an indicator on the survival prognosis of patients with colon cancer. Furthermore, as biomarkers for poor prognosis in GC, complements C3, CR4, and C5aR1 may provide potential biological targets for GC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Bao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- Emergency department, Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Longlong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Sichuan, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Leilei Ni
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinfeng Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangwei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yiren Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Medical College of Soochow University, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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12
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Zeng-Brouwers J, Pandey S, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Communications via the Small Leucine-rich Proteoglycans: Molecular Specificity in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:887-906. [PMID: 32623933 PMCID: PMC7708667 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420930303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a highly regulated biological response of the immune system that is triggered by assaulting pathogens or endogenous alarmins. It is now well established that some soluble extracellular matrix constituents, such as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), can act as danger signals and trigger aseptic inflammation by interacting with innate immune receptors. SLRP inflammatory signaling cascade goes far beyond its canonical function. By choosing specific innate immune receptors, coreceptors, and adaptor molecules, SLRPs promote a switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling, thereby determining disease resolution or chronification. Moreover, by orchestrating signaling through various receptors, SLRPs fine-tune inflammation and, despite their structural homology, regulate inflammatory processes in a molecule-specific manner. Hence, the overarching theme of this review is to highlight the molecular and functional specificity of biglycan-, decorin-, lumican-, and fibromodulin-mediated signaling in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sony Pandey
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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13
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Meng XZ, Wang ST, Xu XY, Dang YF, Zhang M, Zhang JH, Wang RQ, Shen Y, Li JL. Identification, characterization, and immunological analysis of complement component 4 from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:527-536. [PMID: 32599058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complement component 4 (C4) has critical immunological functions in vertebrates. In the current study, a C4 homolog (gcC4) was identified in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The full-length 5458 bp gcC4 cDNA contained a 5148 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 1715 amino acids with a signal peptide and eight conservative domains. The gcC4 protein has a high level of identity with other fish C4 counterparts and is phylogenetically clustered with cyprinid fish C4. The gcC4 transcript shows wide tissue distribution and is inducible by Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, its expression also fluctuates upon lipopolysaccharide or flagellin stimulation in vitro. During infection, the gcC4 protein level decreases or increases to varying degrees, and the intrahepatic C4 expression location changes. With gcC4 overexpression, interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon transcripts are all upregulated by A. hydrophila infection. Meanwhile, overexpression of gcC4 reduces bacterial invasion or proliferation. Moreover, gcC4 may activate the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate the vital role of gcC4 in the innate immunity of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zhan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shen-Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yun-Fei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rong-Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, 215225, China
| | - YuBang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jia-Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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14
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Kolev M, West EE, Kunz N, Chauss D, Moseman EA, Rahman J, Freiwald T, Balmer ML, Lötscher J, Dimeloe S, Rosser EC, Wedderburn LR, Mayer-Barber KD, Bohrer A, Lavender P, Cope A, Wang L, Kaplan MJ, Moutsopoulos NM, McGavern D, Holland SM, Hess C, Kazemian M, Afzali B, Kemper C. Diapedesis-Induced Integrin Signaling via LFA-1 Facilitates Tissue Immunity by Inducing Intrinsic Complement C3 Expression in Immune Cells. Immunity 2020; 52:513-527.e8. [PMID: 32187519 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic complement C3 activity is integral to human T helper type 1 (Th1) and cytotoxic T cell responses. Increased or decreased intracellular C3 results in autoimmunity and infections, respectively. The mechanisms regulating intracellular C3 expression remain undefined. We identified complement, including C3, as among the most significantly enriched biological pathway in tissue-occupying cells. We generated C3-reporter mice and confirmed that C3 expression was a defining feature of tissue-immune cells, including T cells and monocytes, occurred during transendothelial diapedesis, and depended on integrin lymphocyte-function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) signals. Immune cells from patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1) had reduced C3 transcripts and diminished effector activities, which could be rescued proportionally by intracellular C3 provision. Conversely, increased C3 expression by T cells from arthritis patients correlated with disease severity. Our study defines integrins as key controllers of intracellular complement, demonstrates that perturbations in the LFA-1-C3-axis contribute to primary immunodeficiency, and identifies intracellular C3 as biomarker of severity in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erin E West
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalia Kunz
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - E Ashley Moseman
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jubayer Rahman
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria L Balmer
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Lötscher
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation Programme, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology at UCL, UCHL and GOSH, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation Programme, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology at UCL, UCHL and GOSH, London WC1N 1EH, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Bohrer
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Lavender
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew Cope
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Luopin Wang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dorian McGavern
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany.
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15
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Franzin R, Stasi A, Fiorentino M, Stallone G, Cantaluppi V, Gesualdo L, Castellano G. Inflammaging and Complement System: A Link Between Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Graft Damage. Front Immunol 2020; 11:734. [PMID: 32457738 PMCID: PMC7221190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of complement system in several kidney diseases suggests that this pillar of innate immunity has a critical role in the pathophysiology of renal damage of different etiologies. A growing body of experimental evidence indicates that complement activation contributes to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) such as delayed graft function (DGF) in transplant patients. AKI is characterized by the rapid loss of the kidney's excretory function and is a complex syndrome currently lacking a specific medical treatment to arrest or attenuate progression in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent evidence suggests that independently from the initial trigger (i.e., sepsis or ischemia/reperfusions injury), an episode of AKI is strongly associated with an increased risk of subsequent CKD. The AKI-to-CKD transition may involve a wide range of mechanisms including scar-forming myofibroblasts generated from different sources, microvascular rarefaction, mitochondrial dysfunction, or cell cycle arrest by the involvement of epigenetic, gene, and protein alterations leading to common final signaling pathways [i.e., transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), p16 ink4a , Wnt/β-catenin pathway] involved in renal aging. Research in recent years has revealed that several stressors or complications such as rejection after renal transplantation can lead to accelerated renal aging with detrimental effects with the establishment of chronic proinflammatory cellular phenotypes within the kidney. Despite a greater understanding of these mechanisms, the role of complement system in the context of the AKI-to-CKD transition and renal inflammaging is still poorly explored. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings describing the role of complement in AKI-to-CKD transition. We will also address how and when complement inhibitors might be used to prevent AKI and CKD progression, therefore improving graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorentino
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Department Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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The Nlrp3 inflammasome as a "rising star" in studies of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Leukemia 2020; 34:1512-1523. [PMID: 32313108 PMCID: PMC7266743 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations indicate that hematopoiesis is coregulated by innate immunity signals and by pathways characteristic of the activation of innate immunity cells that also operate in normal hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). This should not be surprising because of the common developmental origin of these cells from a hemato/lymphopoietic stem cell. An important integrating factor is the Nlrp3 inflammasome, which has emerged as a major sensor of changes in body microenvironments, cell activation, and cell metabolic activity. It is currently the best-studied member of the inflammasome family expressed in hematopoietic and lymphopoietic cells, including also HSPCs. It is proposed as playing a role in (i) the development and expansion of HSPCs, (ii) their release from bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB) in stress situations and during pharmacological mobilization, (iii) their homing to BM after transplantation, and (iv) their aging and the regulation of hematopoietic cell metabolism. The Nlrp3 inflammasome is also involved in certain hematological pathologies, including (i) myelodysplastic syndrome, (ii) myeloproliferative neoplasms, (iii) leukemia, and (iv) graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after transplantation. The aim of this review is to shed more light on this intriguing intracellular protein complex that has become a “rising star” in studies focused on both normal steady-state and pathological hematopoiesis.
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17
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Shim K, Begum R, Yang C, Wang H. Complement activation in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:1-12. [PMID: 31938469 PMCID: PMC6927818 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplified inflammatory reaction has been observed to be involved in cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. The complement system was originally viewed as a supportive first line of defense against microbial invaders, and research over the past decade has come to appreciate that the functions of the complement system extend beyond the defense and elimination of microbes, involving in such diverse processes as clearance of the immune complexes, complementing T and B cell immune functions, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. The focus of this review is to summarize the role of the activation of complement system and the initiation and progression of metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. In addition, we briefly describe the interaction of the activation of the complement system with diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, highlighting that targeting complement system therapeutics could be one of possible routes to slow down those aforementioned diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyumin Shim
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Rayhana Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Catherine Yang
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- California Northstate University College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- California Northstate University College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
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18
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Bradford CM, McDonnell T, Raj D, Robinson GA, Cole A, Ramakrishnan S, González-Serrano R, Mak J, Eskiocak YC, Isenberg DA, Ciurtin C, Jury EC, Manson JJ. Characterization of a Subset of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis for Whom Current Management Strategies are Inadequate. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 1:145-155. [PMID: 31777790 PMCID: PMC6857995 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A subset of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not mount a C‐reactive protein (CRP) response during flares. We hypothesize that these patients are more likely to experience poor clinical care and less likely to respond to traditional therapy. This study questioned whether this presentation was associated with worse disease outcome and distinct immunological features. Methods Using Power Doppler ultrasound, 48 RA patients with active synovitis were recruited; 30 had normal (n)CRP (5 mg/L or less) and 18 had high (h)CRP (more than 5 mg/L) levels. All had equivalent disease burden assessed by other clinical and laboratory parameters. Results Time to diagnosis and time to first disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug were significantly longer in nCRP compared with hCRP patients (P < 0.05). Significantly more nCRP patients needed escalation to biologics after 2‐year follow‐up (P = 0.01). The inflammatory milieu was also different between the two subgroups. Synergy between inflammatory cytokines observed in hCRP patients was lost in nCRP patients, and nCRP patients had significantly increased regulatory T‐cell (Treg) frequencies that correlated positively with predictors of poor disease outcome. Conversely, hCRP but not nCRP patients demonstrated a significant upregulation of alternative complement pathway factors that correlated negatively with Treg frequency. Conclusion Patients with nCRP during flares of RA had an altered immunological profile compared with hCRP patients and experienced diagnostic delays and responded less favorably to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Cole
- University College London Hospital London UK
| | | | | | | | | | - David A Isenberg
- University College London and University College London Hospital London UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- University College London and University College London Hospital London UK
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19
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Joshi RN, Stadler C, Lehmann R, Lehtiö J, Tegnér J, Schmidt A, Vesterlund M. TcellSubC: An Atlas of the Subcellular Proteome of Human T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2708. [PMID: 31849937 PMCID: PMC6902019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have curated an in-depth subcellular proteomic map of primary human CD4+ T cells, divided into cytosolic, nuclear and membrane fractions generated by an optimized fractionation and HiRIEF-LC-MS/MS workflow for limited amounts of primary cells. The subcellular proteome of T cells was mapped under steady state conditions, as well as upon 15 min and 1 h of T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, respectively. We quantified the subcellular distribution of 6,572 proteins and identified a subset of 237 potentially translocating proteins, including both well-known examples and novel ones. Microscopic validation confirmed the localization of selected proteins with previously known and unknown localization, respectively. We further provide the data in an easy-to-use web platform to facilitate re-use, as the data can be relevant for basic research as well as for clinical exploitation of T cells as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Narayan Joshi
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital and Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Stadler
- Department of Protein Sciences, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Robert Lehmann
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jesper Tegnér
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital and Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angelika Schmidt
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital and Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Vesterlund
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
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van Sandwijk MS, Klooster A, ten Berge IJM, Diepstra A, Florquin S, Hoelbeek JJ, Bemelman FJ, Sanders JS. Complement activation and long-term graft function in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. World J Nephrol 2019; 8:95-108. [PMID: 31662955 PMCID: PMC6817790 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v8.i6.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABO-incompatible and ABO-compatible kidney transplantation are equivalent in terms of short-term graft and patient survival. This is thought to be the result of ABO-incompatible graft accommodation, which occurs when anti-blood group antibodies re-occur after transplantation but somehow do not yield their detrimental effect. The underlying mechanism is unclear, but one of the hypotheses is that this is the result of complement inhibition. Since virtually all ABO-incompatible graft biopsies are C4d positive, this complement inhibition must occur somewhere in the complement cascade after the formation of C4d has already taken place, but where exactly is unclear. It is also unclear whether complement inhibition is complete. Incomplete accommodation could explain why recent studies have shown that long-term graft function in ABO-incompatible transplantation is somewhat inferior to ABO-compatible kidney transplantation.
AIM To unravel the relationship between pre-transplant anti-ABO antibodies, complement activation, and long-term graft function.
METHODS We included all 27 ABO-incompatible transplantations that were performed between 2008 and 2013 at the Academic Medical Center Amsterdam and the University Medical Center Groningen. For each ABO-incompatible transplantation, we included four ABO-compatible controls matched by age, sex, and transplantation date.
RESULTS Graft and patient survival were not significantly different. The slope of kidney function during five-year follow-up was also not significantly different, but ABO-incompatible recipients did have a lower kidney function at three months (creatinine clearance 58 vs 69 mL/min, P = 0.02, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease 46 vs 52 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.08), due to a high rate of early rejection (33% vs 15%, P = 0.03), mostly T-cell mediated. Pre-transplant anti-ABO IgG titers were positively correlated with C5b-9 staining, which itself was positively correlated with the occurrence of T-cell mediated rejection. This may be the result of concurrent C5a formation, which could function as a costimulatory signal for T-cell activation.
CONCLUSION Co-stimulation of T-cell activation by ongoing complement activation by anti-ABO antibodies may be responsible for an impaired long-term graft function in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit S van Sandwijk
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam NL-1105 AZ, Netherlands
- Dianet Dialysis Center, Amsterdam NL-1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Astrid Klooster
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen NL-9700 RB, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Friesland, Leeuwarden NL-8917 EN, Netherlands
| | - Ineke JM ten Berge
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam NL-1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen NL-9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam NL-1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Joris J Hoelbeek
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam NL-1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Frederike J Bemelman
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam NL-1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen NL-9700 RB, Netherlands
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21
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Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates an integral role for the complement system in the deleterious inflammatory reactions that occur during critical phases of the transplantation process, such as brain or cardiac death of the donor, surgical trauma, organ preservation and ischaemia-reperfusion injury, as well as in humoral and cellular immune responses to the allograft. Ischaemia is the most common cause of complement activation in kidney transplantation and in combination with reperfusion is a major cause of inflammation and graft damage. Complement also has a prominent role in antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) owing to ABO and HLA incompatibility, which leads to devastating damage to the transplanted kidney. Emerging drugs and treatment modalities that inhibit complement activation at various stages in the complement cascade are being developed to ameliorate the damage caused by complement activation in transplantation. These promising new therapies have various potential applications at different stages in the process of transplantation, including inhibiting the destructive effects of ischaemia and/or reperfusion injury, treating ABMR, inducing accommodation and modulating the adaptive immune response.
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22
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Pan Y, Qi Y, Shao N, Tadle AC, Huang Y. Amino-Modified Polymer Nanoparticles as Adjuvants to Activate the Complement System and to Improve Vaccine Efficacy in Vivo. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3575-3583. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanxin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Abegail C. Tadle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yubin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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23
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Wynne M, Atkinson C, Schlosser RJ, Mulligan JK. Contribution of Epithelial Cell Dysfunction to the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:782-790. [PMID: 31382760 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419868588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background In the past, the airway epithelium was thought to be primarily an inert physical barrier. We now know that the upper airway epithelium plays a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity, and that epithelial dysfunction is strongly associated with inflammatory airway disease. The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis is poorly understood, but growing evidence supports a key role for the airway epithelium in the pathophysiology of the disease. Objective The purpose of this study is to explore our current understanding of how dysfunction in human sinonasal epithelial cells (HSNECs) contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and to examine how current and developing therapies affect epithelial cell functions. Methods A literature review of papers published in English pertaining to epithelial cell dysfunction in patients with CRSwNP was performed using the PubMed database. The search utilized combinations of the following key words: sinusitis, polyps, epithelium, pathophysiology, barrier function, dendritic cells, eosinophils, T cells, complement, mucociliary clearance, vitamin D, cytokines, chemokines, taste receptors, steroids, saline, and therapy. Results HSNEC mucociliary clearance, barrier function, secretion of cytokines, influence on dendritic cells, influence on T-cells, regulation of eosinophils, vitamin D metabolism, complement production, and taste receptor function are altered in patients with CRSwNP and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Current therapies utilized to manage CRSwNP counteract the effects of HSNEC dysfunction and relieve key symptoms of the disease. Conclusion HSNECs are key players in both innate and adaptive immunity, and altered epithelial functions are closely intertwined with the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. Our review supports further investigation of altered HSNEC function in patients with CRSwNP and supports development of novel epithelial-targeted therapies for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wynne
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jennifer K Mulligan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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24
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Zhu X, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Jiang H, Lu J, Wang Y, Kong Y, Chang Y, Xu L, Peng J, Hou M, Huang X, Zhang X. All- trans retinoic acid protects mesenchymal stem cells from immune thrombocytopenia by regulating the complement-interleukin-1β loop. Haematologica 2019; 104:1661-1675. [PMID: 30679324 PMCID: PMC6669169 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.204446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced peripheral complement activation has long been considered as one of the major pathogenic elements of immune thrombocytopenia. A dysfunctional bone marrow microenvironment, especially with regards to mesenchymal stem cells, has been observed in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. However, the potential role of the complement system in the dysfunctional bone marrow microenvironment remains poorly understood. In this study, bone marrow samples from patients with immune thrombocytopenia were divided into two groups based on whether or not complement components were deposited on the surfaces of their mesenchymal stem cells. The mesenchymal cells from the group with complement deposition were less numerous, dysfunctional, had a reduced capacity to proliferate, and showed increased apoptosis as well as abnormal secretion of interleukin-1β and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12. In vitro treatment with all-trans retinoic acid increased the number and improved the function of the complement-positive bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by upregulating DNA hypermethylation of the interleukin-1β promoter. In vivo studies showed that all-trans retinoic acid could rescue the impaired mesenchymal stem cells to support the thrombopoietic niche in both patients with immune thrombocytopenia and a murine model of this disease. Taken together, these results indicate that impairment of mesenchymal stem cells, mediated by the complement-interleukin-1β loop, plays a role in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. All-trans retinoic acid represents a promising therapeutic approach in patients with immune thrombocytopenia through its effect of repairing mesenchymal stem cell impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing
| | - Yanan Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing
| | - Hao Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing
| | - Yazhe Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing
| | - Yuan Kong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing
| | - Yingjun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing
| | - Lanping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing
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25
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Wang Y, Zhang H, He YW. The Complement Receptors C3aR and C5aR Are a New Class of Immune Checkpoint Receptor in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1574. [PMID: 31379815 PMCID: PMC6658873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made remarkable clinical advances in recent years. Antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 and CTLA-4 and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) based on ex vivo expanded peripheral CTLs, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), gene-engineered TCR- and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have all shown durable clinical efficacies in multiple types of cancers. However, these immunotherapeutic approaches only benefit a small fraction of cancer patients as various immune resistance mechanisms and limitations make their effective use a challenge in the majority of cancer patients. For example, adaptive resistance to therapeutic PD-1 blockade is associated with an upregulation of some additional immune checkpoint receptors. The efficacy of transferred tumor-specific T cells under the current clinical ACT protocol is often limited by their inefficient engraftment, poor persistence, and weak capability to attack tumor cells. Recent studies demonstrate that the complement receptor C3aR and C5aR function as a new class of immune checkpoint receptors. Complement signaling through C3aR and C5aR expressed on effector T lymphocytes prevent the production of the cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Removing C3aR/C5aR-mediated transcriptional suppression of IL-10 expression results in endogenous IL-10 production by antitumor effector T cells, which drives T cell expansion and enhances T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Importantly, preclinical, and clinical data suggest that a signaling axis consisting of complement/C3aR/C5aR/IL-10 critically regulates T cell mediated antitumor immunity and manipulation of the pathway ex vivo and in vivo is an effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, a combination of treatment strategies targeting the complement/C3aR/C5aR/IL-10 pathway with other treatment modalities may improve cancer therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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26
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Akhtar-Schäfer I, Wang L, Krohne TU, Xu H, Langmann T. Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708259. [PMID: 30224384 PMCID: PMC6180304 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the role of three key immune pathways in the pathophysiology of major retinal degenerative diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age‐related macular degeneration, and rare retinal dystrophies. We first discuss the mechanisms how loss of retinal homeostasis evokes an unbalanced retinal immune reaction involving responses of local microglia and recruited macrophages, activity of the alternative complement system, and inflammasome assembly in the retinal pigment epithelium. Presenting these key mechanisms as complementary targets, we specifically emphasize the concept of immunomodulation as potential treatment strategy to prevent or delay vision loss. Promising molecules are ligands for phagocyte receptors, specific inhibitors of complement activation products, and inflammasome inhibitors. We comprehensively summarize the scientific evidence for this strategy from preclinical animal models, human ocular tissue analyses, and clinical trials evolving in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Akhtar-Schäfer
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim U Krohne
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany .,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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27
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Kleczko EK, Kwak JW, Schenk EL, Nemenoff RA. Targeting the Complement Pathway as a Therapeutic Strategy in Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:954. [PMID: 31134065 PMCID: PMC6522855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), represents approximately 40% of all lung cancer cases. Advances in recent years, such as the identification of oncogenes and the use of immunotherapies, have changed the treatment of LUAD. Yet survival rates still remain low. Additionally, there is still a gap in understanding the molecular and cellular interactions between cancer cells and the immune tumor microenvironment (TME). Defining how cancer cells with distinct oncogenic drivers interact with the TME and new strategies for enhancing anti-tumor immunity are greatly needed. The complement cascade, a central part of the innate immune system, plays an important role in regulation of adaptive immunity. Initially it was proposed that complement activation on the surface of cancer cells would inhibit cancer progression via membrane attack complex (MAC)-dependent killing. However, data from several groups have shown that complement activation promotes cancer progression, probably through the actions of anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) on the TME and engagement of immunoevasive pathways. While originally shown to be produced in the liver, recent studies show localized complement production in numerous cell types including immune cells and tumor cells. These results suggest that complement inhibitory drugs may represent a powerful new approach for treatment of NSCLC, and numerous new anti-complement drugs are in clinical development. However, the mechanisms by which complement is activated and affects tumor progression are not well understood. Furthermore, the role of local complement production vs. systemic activation has not been carefully examined. This review will focus on our current understanding of complement action in LUAD, and describe gaps in our knowledge critical for advancing complement therapy into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Kleczko
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeff W Kwak
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Erin L Schenk
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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28
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Meng X, Shen Y, Wang S, Xu X, Dang Y, Zhang M, Li L, Zhang J, Wang R, Li J. Complement component 3 (C3): An important role in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) experimentally exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:189-197. [PMID: 30826411 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Complement is traditionally recognized as part of the innate immune system, defending the host against the invasion of foreign pathogens. In complement system, C3 (complement component 3) is a central component. Therefore, research into C3 can help us better understand the functions of fish complement system. In this study, we detected the grass carp C3 (gcC3) mRNA expression in all sample tissues from healthy grass carp, which was highest in the liver, followed by the heart and the spleen, and lowest in the muscle, head kidney, trunk kidney, blood and intestine. After infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, gcC3 mRNA expression levels were significantly upregulated in the gill, liver, spleen, intestine, trunk kidney and head kidney. Interestingly, C3 protein levels were downregulated and subsequently upregulated in the liver and serum. Histologically, C3 protein at 24 h pi was over expressed in necrotic liver sites, and the liver index (LI) at this point was significantly higher than that of the control. These findings are indicated that C3 plays an important role in the immune response of grass carp after A. hydrophila infection, and C3 protein may play an assistant role in repairing liver tissues from A. hydrophila injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shentong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfei Dang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisen Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Cooper DKC, Hara H, Iwase H, Yamamoto T, Li Q, Ezzelarab M, Federzoni E, Dandro A, Ayares D. Justification of specific genetic modifications in pigs for clinical organ xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12516. [PMID: 30989742 PMCID: PMC10154075 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation research has made considerable progress in recent years, largely through the increasing availability of pigs with multiple genetic modifications. We suggest that a pig with nine genetic modifications (ie, currently available) will provide organs (initially kidneys and hearts) that would function for a clinically valuable period of time, for example, >12 months, after transplantation into patients with end-stage organ failure. The national regulatory authorities, however, will likely require evidence, based on in vitro and/or in vivo experimental data, to justify the inclusion of each individual genetic modification in the pig. We provide data both from our own experience and that of others on the advantages of pigs in which (a) all three known carbohydrate xenoantigens have been deleted (triple-knockout pigs), (b) two human complement-regulatory proteins (CD46, CD55) and two human coagulation-regulatory proteins (thrombomodulin, endothelial cell protein C receptor) are expressed, (c) the anti-apoptotic and "anti-inflammatory" molecule, human hemeoxygenase-1 is expressed, and (d) human CD47 is expressed to suppress elements of the macrophage and T-cell responses. Although many alternative genetic modifications could be made to an organ-source pig, we suggest that the genetic manipulations we identify above will all contribute to the success of the initial clinical pig kidney or heart transplants, and that the beneficial contribution of each individual manipulation is supported by considerable experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hayato Iwase
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Takayuki Yamamoto
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qi Li
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang City, China
| | - Mohamed Ezzelarab
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elena Federzoni
- Exponential Biotherapeutic Engineering, United Therapeutics, LaJolla, California
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30
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Ilinskaya AN, Shah A, Enciso AE, Chan KC, Kaczmarczyk JA, Blonder J, Simanek EE, Dobrovolskaia MA. Nanoparticle physicochemical properties determine the activation of intracellular complement. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 17:266-275. [PMID: 30794962 PMCID: PMC6520145 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The complement system plays an essential role in both innate and adaptive immunity. The traditional understanding of this system comes from studies investigating complement proteins produced by the liver and present in plasma to "complement" the immune cell-mediated response to invading pathogens. Recently, it has been reported that immune cells including, but not limited to, T-cells and monocytes, express complement proteins. This complement is referred to as intracellular (IC) and implicated in the regulation of T-cell activation. The mechanisms and the structure-activity relationship between nanomaterials and IC, however, are currently unknown. Herein, we describe a structure-activity relationship study demonstrating that under in vitro conditions, only polymeric materials with cationic surfaces activate IC in T-cells. The effect also depends on particle size and occurs through a mechanism involving membrane damage, thereby IC on the cell surface serves as a self-opsonization marker in response to the nanoparticle-triggered danger affecting the cell integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Ilinskaya
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Alan E Enciso
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
| | - King C Chan
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Jan A Kaczmarczyk
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Josip Blonder
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Eric E Simanek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD.
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31
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Mishra N, Mohata M, Aggarwal H, Chaudhary O, Das BK, Sinha S, Hazarika A, Luthra K. Expression of complement receptor 3 (CR3) and regulatory protein CD46 on dendritic cells of antiretroviral naïve and treated HIV-1 infected individuals: Correlation with immune activation status. Mol Immunol 2019. [PMID: 29525453 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
During infection and budding, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) acquires regulators of Complement Activation (RCAs) along with the host cell membrane on the viral envelope. Activation of host complement system results in opsonization of virus by complement fragments, however the virus evades complement mediated lysis (CoML) by virtue of the RCAs on the viral envelope. The RCAs on HIV-1 envelope process complement protein C3 into various fragments that promote viral entry and infection of cells through different complement receptors. Complement opsonized HIV-1 has been shown in vitro to infect dendritic cells (DCs) in a CR3 dependent manner, although the role of CR3 and CD46 in natural HIV-1 infection is not clear. Surface expression of CR3 and CD46 on DC subsets of 30 antiretroviral naïve, 31 treated (cART) HIV-1 infected individuals and 30 seronegative controls was measured by flow cytometry and plasma levels of cytokines and complement activity (C3c levels) were quantitated by sandwich ELISA. Significantly lower surface expression of CR3 and CD46 was observed on DC subsets in naïve and treated HIV-1 infected individuals compared to controls. Significantly higher complement activation and plasma levels of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-γ were observed in treatment naïve HIV-1 infected individuals than controls. Significantly lower plasma levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were observed in treated vs. naïve HIV-1 infected individuals. Our findings suggest that alterations in expression of CR3 and CD46 on DCs along with complement activity could be factors that influence viral persistence and HIV-1 disease progression and need to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Madhav Mohata
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Heena Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Omkar Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bimal Kumar Das
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sanjeev Sinha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anjali Hazarika
- Blood bank CN Centre, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110029, India
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32
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Shende R, Wong SSW, Rapole S, Beau R, Ibrahim-Granet O, Monod M, Gührs KH, Pal JK, Latgé JP, Madan T, Aimanianda V, Sahu A. Aspergillus fumigatus conidial metalloprotease Mep1p cleaves host complement proteins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15538-15555. [PMID: 30139746 PMCID: PMC6177592 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity in animals including humans encompasses the complement system, which is considered an important host defense mechanism against Aspergillus fumigatus, one of the most ubiquitous opportunistic human fungal pathogens. Previously, it has been shown that the alkaline protease Alp1p secreted from A. fumigatus mycelia degrades the complement components C3, C4, and C5. However, it remains unclear how the fungal spores (i.e. conidia) defend themselves against the activities of the complement system immediately after inhalation into the lung. Here, we show that A. fumigatus conidia contain a metalloprotease Mep1p, which is released upon conidial contact with collagen and inactivates all three complement pathways. In particular, Mep1p efficiently inactivated the major complement components C3, C4, and C5 and their activation products (C3a, C4a, and C5a) as well as the pattern-recognition molecules MBL and ficolin-1, either by directly cleaving them or by cleaving them to a form that is further broken down by other proteases of the complement system. Moreover, incubation of Mep1p with human serum significantly inhibited the complement hemolytic activity and conidial opsonization by C3b and their subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages. Together, these results indicate that Mep1p associated with and released from A. fumigatus conidia likely facilitates early immune evasion by disarming the complement defense in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri Shende
- From the Complement Biology Laboratory and
- the Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune-411033, India
| | | | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411007, India
| | | | | | - Michel Monod
- the Service de Dermatologie, Laboratoire de Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Gührs
- the Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena-07745, Germany, and
| | - Jayanta Kumar Pal
- the Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune-411033, India
| | | | - Taruna Madan
- the ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai-400012, India
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Mulligan JK, Patel K, Williamson T, Reaves N, Carroll W, Stephenson SE, Gao P, Drake RR, Neely BA, Tomlinson S, Schlosser RJ, Atkinson C. C3a receptor antagonism as a novel therapeutic target for chronic rhinosinusitis. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1375-1385. [PMID: 29907871 PMCID: PMC6162114 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disease with an unknown etiology. Recent studies have implicated the complement system as a potential modulator of disease immunopathology. We performed proteomic pathway enrichment analysis of differentially increased proteins, and found an enrichment of complement cascade pathways in the nasal mucus of individuals with CRSwNP as compared to control subjects. Sinonasal mucus levels of complement 3 (C3) correlated with worse subjective disease severity, whereas no significant difference in systemic C3 levels could be determined in plasma samples. Given that human sinonasal epithelial cells were the predominate sinonasal source of C3 and complement anaphylatoxin 3a (C3a) staining, we focused on their role in in vitro studies. Baseline intracellular C3 levels were higher in CRSwNP cells, and following exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) extract, they released significantly more C3 and C3a. Inhibition of complement 3a receptor (C3aR) signaling led to a decrease in Af-induced C3 and C3a release, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found in vivo that C3aR deficiency or inhibition significantly reduced inflammation and CRS development in a mouse model of Af-induced CRS. These findings demonstrate that local sinonasal complement activation correlates with subjective disease severity, and that local C3aR antagonism significantly ameliorates Af-induced CRS in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Mulligan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kunal Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tucker Williamson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nicholas Reaves
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - William Carroll
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sarah E Stephenson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Benjamin A Neely
- Marine Biochemical Sciences, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Chen JY, Cortes C, Ferreira VP. Properdin: A multifaceted molecule involved in inflammation and diseases. Mol Immunol 2018; 102:58-72. [PMID: 29954621 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Properdin, the widely known positive regulator of the alternative pathway (AP), has undergone significant investigation over the last decade to define its function in inflammation and disease, including its role in arthritis, asthma, and kidney and cardiovascular diseases. Properdin is a glycoprotein found in plasma that is mainly produced by leukocytes and can positively regulate AP activity by stabilizing C3 and C5 convertases and initiating the AP. Promotion of complement activity by properdin results in changes in the cellular microenvironment that contribute to innate and adaptive immune responses, including pro-inflammatory cytokine production, immune cell infiltration, antigen presenting cell maturation, and tissue damage. The use of properdin-deficient mouse models and neutralizing antibodies has contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms by which properdin contributes to promoting or preventing disease pathology. This review mainly focusses on the multifaceted roles of properdin in inflammation and diseases, and how understanding these roles is contributing to the development of new disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Y Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States.
| | - Claudio Cortes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oakland University School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States.
| | - Viviana P Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States.
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Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lytic killing of dangerous microbes and the initiation of the general inflammatory reaction. More recently, complement has also emerged as a critical player in adaptive immunity via its ability to instruct both B and T cell responses. In particular, work on the impact of complement on T cell responses led to the surprising discoveries that the complement system also functions within cells and is involved in regulating basic cellular processes, predominantly those of metabolic nature. Here, we review current knowledge about complement's role in T cell biology, with a focus on the novel intracellular and noncanonical activities of this ancient system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
| | - Martin Kolev
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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36
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Zhang L, Bell BA, Li Y, Caspi RR, Lin F. Complement Component C4 Regulates the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis through a T Cell-Intrinsic Mechanism. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1116. [PMID: 28955337 PMCID: PMC5601957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its conventional roles in the innate immune system, complement has been found to directly regulate T cells in the adaptive immune system. Complement components, including C3, C5, and factor D, are important in regulating T cell responses. However, whether complement component C4 is involved in regulating T cell responses remains unclear. In this study, we used a T cell-dependent model of autoimmunity, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) to address this issue. We compared disease severity in wild-type (WT) and C4 knockout (KO) mice using indirect ophthalmoscopy, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and histopathological analysis. We also explored the underlying mechanism by examining T cell responses in ex vivo antigen-specific recall assays and in in vitro T cell priming assays using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, splenic dendritic cells, and T cells from WT or C4 KO mice. We found that C4 KO mice develop less severe retinal inflammation than WT mice in EAU and show reduced autoreactive T cell responses and decreased retinal T cell infiltration. We also found that T cells, but not dendritic cells, from C4 KO mice have impaired function. These results demonstrate a previously unknown role of C4 in regulating T cell responses, which affects the development of T cell-mediated autoimmunity, as exemplified by EAU. Our data could shed light on the pathogenesis of autoimmune uveitis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brent A Bell
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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37
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The secreted Candida albicans protein Pra1 disrupts host defense by broadly targeting and blocking complement C3 and C3 activation fragments. Mol Immunol 2017; 93:266-277. [PMID: 28860090 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans the most frequently isolated clinical fungal pathogen can cause local as well as systemic and life-threatening infections particularly in immune-compromised individuals. A better and more detailed understanding how C. albicans evades human immune attack is therefore needed for identifying fungal immune-evasive proteins and develop new therapies. Here, we identified Pra1, the pH-regulated C. albicans antigen as a hierarchical complement inhibitor that targets C3, the central human complement component. Pra1 cleaved C3 at a unique site and further inhibited effector function of the activation fragments. The newly formed C3a-like peptide lacked the C-terminal arginine residue needed for C3a-receptor binding and activation. Moreover, Pra1 also blocked C3a-like antifungal activity as shown in survival assays, and the C3b-like molecule formed by Pra1 was degraded by the host protease Factor I. Pra1 also bound to C3a and C3b generated by human convertases and blocked their effector functions, like C3a antifungal activity shown by fungal survival, blocked C3a binding to human C3a receptor-expressing HEK cells, activation of Fura2-AM loaded cells, intracellular Ca2+ signaling, IL-8 release, C3b deposition, as well as opsonophagocytosis and killing by human neutrophils. Thus, upon infection C. albicans uses Pra1 to destroy C3 and to disrupt host complement attack. In conclusion, candida Pra1 represents the first fungal C3-cleaving protease identified and functions as a fungal master regulator of innate immunity and as a central fungal immune-escape protein.
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38
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Erdei A, Sándor N, Mácsik-Valent B, Lukácsi S, Kremlitzka M, Bajtay Z. The versatile functions of complement C3-derived ligands. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:127-140. [PMID: 27782338 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is a major component of immune defense. Activation of the complement cascade by foreign substances and altered self-structures may lead to the elimination of the activating agent, and during the enzymatic cascade, several biologically active fragments are generated. Most immune regulatory effects of complement are mediated by the activation products of C3, the central component. The indispensable role of C3 in opsonic phagocytosis as well as in the regulation of humoral immune response is known for long, while the involvement of complement in T-cell biology have been revealed in the past few years. In this review, we discuss the immune modulatory functions of C3-derived fragments focusing on their role in processes which have not been summarized so far. The importance of locally synthesized complement will receive special emphasis, as several immunological processes take place in tissues, where hepatocyte-derived complement components might not be available at high concentrations. We also aim to call the attention to important differences between human and mouse systems regarding C3-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. , .,MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. ,
| | - Noémi Sándor
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Szilvia Lukácsi
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mariann Kremlitzka
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Verschoor A, Karsten CM, Broadley SP, Laumonnier Y, Köhl J. Old dogs-new tricks: immunoregulatory properties of C3 and C5 cleavage fragments. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:112-126. [PMID: 27782330 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the complement system by canonical and non-canonical mechanisms results in the generation of multiple C3 and C5 cleavage fragments including anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a as well as opsonizing C3b/iC3b. It is now well appreciated that anaphylatoxins not only act as pro-inflammatory mediators but as immunoregulatory molecules that control the activation status of cells and tissue at several levels. Likewise, C3b/iC3b is more than the opsonizing fragment that facilitates engulfment and destruction of targets by phagocytes. In the circulation, it also facilitates the transport and delivery of bacteria and immune complexes to phagocytes, through a process known as immune adherence, with consequences for adaptive immunity. Here, we will discuss non-classical immunoregulatory properties of C3 and C5 cleavage fragments. We highlight the influence of anaphylatoxins on Th2 and Th17 cell development during allergic asthma with a particular emphasis on their role in the modulation of CD11b+ conventional dendritic cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Furthermore, we discuss the control of anaphylatoxin-mediated activation of dendritic cells and allergic effector cells by adaptive immune mechanisms that involve allergen-specific IgG1 antibodies and plasma or regulatory T cell-derived IL-10 production. Finally, we take a fresh look at immune adherence with a particular focus on the development of antibacterial cytotoxic T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Admar Verschoor
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Christian M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steven P Broadley
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. .,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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40
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Dixon KO, O'Flynn J, Klar-Mohamad N, Daha MR, van Kooten C. Properdin and factor H production by human dendritic cells modulates their T-cell stimulatory capacity and is regulated by IFN-γ. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:470-480. [PMID: 28105653 PMCID: PMC5363362 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and complement are both key members of the innate and adaptive immune response. Recent experimental mouse models have shown that production of alternative pathway (AP) components by DCs strongly affects their ability to activate and regulate T-cell responses. In this study we investigated the production and regulation of properdin (fP) and factor H (fH) both integral regulators of the AP, by DCs and tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs). Both fP and fH were produced by DCs, with significantly higher levels of both AP components produced by tolDCs. Upon activation with IFN-γ both cells increased fH production, while simultaneously decreasing production of fP. IL-27, a member of the IL-12 family, increased fH, but production of fP remained unaffected. The functional capacity of fP and fH produced by DCs and tolDCs was confirmed by their ability to bind C3b. Inhibition of fH production by DCs resulted in a greater ability to induce allogenic CD4+ T-cell proliferation. In contrast, inhibition of fP production led to a significantly reduced allostimulatory capacity. In summary, this study shows that production of fP and fH by DCs, differentially regulates their immunogenicity, and that the local cytokine environment can profoundly affect the production of fP and fH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen O Dixon
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph O'Flynn
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ngaisah Klar-Mohamad
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed R Daha
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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41
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Intracellular complement - the complosome - in immune cell regulation. Mol Immunol 2017; 89:2-9. [PMID: 28601357 PMCID: PMC7112704 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complement system was defined over a century ago based on its ability to "complement" the antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immune responses against pathogens. Today our understanding of this ancient part of innate immunity has changed substantially and we know now that complement plays an undisputed pivotal role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. The complement system consists of over 50 blood-circulating, cell-surface expressed and intracellular proteins. It is key in the recognition and elimination of invading pathogens, also in the removal of self-derived danger such as apoptotic cells, and it supports innate immune responses and the initiation of the general inflammatory reactions. The long prevailing classic view of complement was that of a serum-operative danger sensor and first line of defence system, however, recent experimental and clinical evidences have demonstrated that "local" tissue and surprisingly intracellular complement (the complosome) activation impacts on normal cell physiology. This review will focus on novel aspects of intracellular complement activation and its unexpected roles in basic cell processes such as metabolism. We also discuss what the existence of the complosome potentially means for how the host handles intracellular pathogens such as viruses.
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42
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Jung HY, Kim YJ, Choi JY, Cho JH, Park SH, Kim YL, Kim HK, Huh S, Won DI, Kim CD. Increased Circulating T Lymphocytes Expressing HLA-DR in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Microcirculation Inflammation. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:908-918. [PMID: 28480647 PMCID: PMC5426246 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.6.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We consecutively enrolled 82 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with stable renal function and 24 KTRs who underwent indication biopsy to compare the histological grading of renal allografts with the activity of circulating T lymphocyte subsets and monocytes determined by flow cytometry, which were obtained at 2 weeks after kidney transplantation (KT) and at the time of indication biopsy, respectively. The sum of the scores of glomerulitis (g) + peritubular capillaritis (ptc), inflammation (i) + tubulitis (t), interstitial fibrosis (ci) + tubular atrophy (ct), and fibrointimal thickening (cv) + arteriolar hyaline thickening (ah) was used to assign a histological grade to the renal allograft samples. The frequencies of CD4⁺HLA-DR⁺/CD4⁺ T cells and CD8⁺HLA-DR⁺/CD8⁺ T cells were significantly increased in KTRs with a microcirculation inflammation (MI) sum score ≥ 1 when compared with KTRs with an MI sum score = 0 as well as stable KTRs. In these 2 subsets, only CD4⁺HLA-DR⁺/CD4⁺ T cells were positively correlated with MI sum scores. Analysis using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) could be predicted with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 94.7%, using a cutoff value of 29.6% frequency of CD4⁺HLA-DR⁺/CD4⁺ T cells. MI was significantly associated with an increased frequency of activated T lymphocytes expressing human leukocyte antigen-antigen D related (HLA-DR). Further studies should focus on validating the utility of circulating CD4⁺HLA-DR⁺/CD4⁺ T cells as a noninvasive, immunologic monitoring tool for the prediction of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jang Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyung Kee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Huh
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Il Won
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chan Duck Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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Rattan A, Pawar SD, Nawadkar R, Kulkarni N, Lal G, Mullick J, Sahu A. Synergy between the classical and alternative pathways of complement is essential for conferring effective protection against the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006248. [PMID: 28301559 PMCID: PMC5354441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide thus necessitating the need to understand the host factors that influence its control. Previously, the complement system has been shown to provide protection during the seasonal influenza virus infection, however, the role of individual complement pathways is not yet clear. Here, we have dissected the role of intact complement as well as of its individual activation pathways during the pandemic influenza virus infection using mouse strains deficient in various complement components. We show that the virus infection in C3-/- mice results in increased viral load and 100% mortality, which can be reversed by adoptive transfer of naïve wild-type (WT) splenocytes, purified splenic B cells, or passive transfer of immune sera from WT, but not C3-/- mice. Blocking of C3a and/or C5a receptor signaling in WT mice using receptor antagonists and use of C3aR-/- and C5aR-/- mice showed significant mortality after blocking/ablation of C3aR, with little or no effect after blocking/ablation of C5aR. Intriguingly, deficiency of C4 and FB in mice resulted in only partial mortality (24%-32%) suggesting a necessary cross-talk between the classical/lectin and alternative pathways for providing effective protection. In vitro virus neutralization experiments performed to probe the cross-talk between the various pathways indicated that activation of the classical and alternative pathways in concert, owing to coating of viral surface by antibodies, is needed for its efficient neutralization. Examination of the virus-specific complement-binding antibodies in virus positive subjects showed that their levels vary among individuals. Together these results indicate that cooperation between the classical and alternative pathways not only result in efficient direct neutralization of the pandemic influenza virus, but also lead to the optimum generation of C3a, which when sensed by the immune cells along with the antigen culminates in generation of effective protective immune responses. The pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus is now circulating seasonally and causing a significant disease burden worldwide. Hence, it is important to delineate the immune components required for protection against its infection. Here we demonstrate that presence of intact complement is essential for clearing the pandemic influenza virus infection, wherein complement synthesized by B cells plays a major role. Further, we show that activation of the classical as well as alternative pathways is a requisite for efficient neutralization of the virus as well as the optimum generation of C3a, which is necessary for boosting the protective immune responses. Our results thus reveal that deficiencies of components of the classical and alternative pathways enhance the susceptibility to and severity of the pandemic influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajitanuj Rattan
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Shailesh D. Pawar
- Microbial Containment Complex, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Renuka Nawadkar
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Neeraja Kulkarni
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Jayati Mullick
- Microbial Containment Complex, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Arvind Sahu
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
- * E-mail:
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Liszewski MK, Elvington M, Kulkarni HS, Atkinson JP. Complement's hidden arsenal: New insights and novel functions inside the cell. Mol Immunol 2017; 84:2-9. [PMID: 28196665 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A key component of both innate and adaptive immunity, new understandings of the complement system are expanding its roles beyond that traditionally appreciated. Evidence is accumulating that complement has an intracellular arsenal of components that provide not only immune defense, but also assist in key interactions for host cell functions. Although early work has primarily centered on T cells, the intracellular complement system likely functions in many if not most cells of the body. Some of these functions may trace their origins to the primitive complement system that began as a primeval form of C3 likely tasked for protection from intracellular pathogen invasion. This later expanded to include extracellular defense as C3 became a secreted protein to patrol the vasculature. Other components were added to the growing system including regulators to protect host cells from the indiscriminate effects of this potent system. Contemporary cells may retain some of these vestigial remnants. We now know that a) C3 serves as a damage-associated molecular pattern (in particular by coating pathogens that translocate into cells), b) most cells store C3 and recycle C3(H2O) for immediate use, and c) C3 assists in cellular survival and metabolic reprogramming. Other components also are part of this hidden arsenal including C5, properdin, factors H and B, and complement receptors. Importantly, better definition of the intracellular complement system may translate into new target discovery to assist in creating the next generation of complement therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8045, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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45
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Tumor-Derived Tissue Factor Aberrantly Activates Complement and Facilitates Lung Tumor Progression via Recruitment of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010022. [PMID: 28106852 PMCID: PMC5297657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiator of extrinsic coagulation, tissue factor (TF), and its non-coagulant isoform alternatively spliced TF (asTF) are closely associated with tumor development. In the tumor microenvironment, the role of TF-induced coagulation in tumor progression remains to be fully elucidated. Using TF-knockdown lung tumor cells, we showed that TF is the dominant component of procoagulant activity but is dispensable in the cellular biology of tumor cells. In a xenograft model, using immunohistochemical analysis and flow cytometry analysis of the tumor microenvironment, we demonstrated that TF-induced fibrin deposition, which is correlated with complement activation and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) recruitment, is positively associated with tumor progression. C5aR antagonism blunted the effect of TF on tumor progression and decreased MDSC recruitment. In conclusion, our data suggested that in tumor microenvironment, TF-induced coagulation activated the complement system and subsequently recruited myeloid-derived suppressor cells to promote tumor growth, which brings new insights into the coagulation-induced complement activation within the tumor microenvironment during tumor progression.
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46
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Valero-Hervás DM, Sánchez-Zapardiel E, Castro MJ, Gallego-Bustos F, Cambra F, Justo I, Laguna-Goya R, Jiménez-Romero C, Moreno E, López-Medrano F, San Juan R, Fernández-Ruiz M, Aguado JM, Paz-Artal E. Complement C3F allotype synthesized by liver recipient modifies transplantation outcome independently from donor hepatic C3. Clin Transplant 2016; 31. [PMID: 27801525 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complement component 3 (C3) presents both slow (C3S) and fast (C3F) variants, which can be locally produced and activated by immune system cells. We studied C3 recipient variants in 483 liver transplant patients by RT-PCR-HRM to determine their effect on graft outcome during the first year post-transplantation. Allograft survival was significantly decreased in C3FF recipients (C3SS 95% vs C3FS 91% vs C3FF 83%; P=.01) or C3F allele carriers (C3F absence 95% vs C3F presence 90%, P=.02). C3FF genotype or presence of C3F allele independently increased risk for allograft loss (OR: 2.38, P=.005 and OR: 2.66, P=.02, respectively). C3FF genotype was more frequent among patients whose first infection was of viral etiology (C3SS 13% vs C3FS 18% vs C3FF 32%; P=.04) and independently increased risk for post-transplant viral infections (OR: 3.60, P=.008). On the other hand, C3FF and C3F protected from rejection events (OR: 0.54, P=.03 and OR: 0.63, P=.047, respectively). Differences were not observed in hepatitis C virus recurrence or patient survival. In conclusion, we show that, independently from C3 variants produced by donor liver, C3F variant from recipient diminishes allograft survival, increases susceptibility to viral infections, and protects from rejection after transplantation. C3 genotyping of liver recipients may be useful to stratify risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María José Castro
- Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,I+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Félix Cambra
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Justo
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Laguna-Goya
- Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,I+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Romero
- I+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of General and Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Moreno
- I+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of General and Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Medrano
- I+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael San Juan
- I+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- I+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Aguado
- I+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,I+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Section of Immunology, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Levitsky J, Gill RG. What's Hot, What's New From the 2016 American Transplant Congress. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3105-3114. [PMID: 27516154 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
From June 11-15, 2016 the American Transplant Congress, the joint meeting of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, held its annual meeting in Boston, MA. The meeting, attended by 5200 registrants, included pre-meeting conferences, focused topic sessions, and hundreds of high-quality presentations from the transplant field. This meeting report highlights key findings from specific basic science, translational, and clinical research presentations deemed to have notable impact in thematic areas. In particular, there were a number of transformative studies indicating important advances in the understanding of alloimmunity, chronic rejection, tolerance, and organ-specific outcomes. Many of these results are discussed in the context of the published literature to showcase rapid advances in the transplant field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Levitsky
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
| | - R G Gill
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
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48
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Kourtzelis I, Rafail S. The dual role of complement in cancer and its implication in anti-tumor therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:265. [PMID: 27563652 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.06.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been linked to the initiation of carcinogenesis, as well as the advancement of established tumors. The polarization of the tumor inflammatory microenvironment can contribute to either the control, or the progression of the disease. The emerging participation of members of the complement cascade in several hallmarks of cancer, renders it a potential target for anti-tumor treatment. Moreover, the presence of complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) in most types of tumor cells is known to impede anti-tumor therapies. This review focuses on our current knowledge of complement's potential involvement in shaping the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and its role on the regulation of angiogenesis and hypoxia. Furthermore, we discuss approaches using complement-based therapies as an adjuvant in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stavros Rafail
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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49
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Calame DG, Mueller-Ortiz SL, Wetsel RA. Innate and adaptive immunologic functions of complement in the host response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1407-1417. [PMID: 27476791 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a leading cause of foodborne-illness associated mortality that has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to several significant outbreaks. It has also served as a model organism for the study of intracellular pathogens. For these reasons the host response to L. monocytogenes has long been the subject of investigation. A potent innate and adaptive immune response is required for containment and clearance of L. monocytogenes. However, some elements of this response, such as type 1 interferons, can be detrimental to the host. Recent studies have revealed novel functions for the complement system, an ancient arm of innate immunity, in this process. Here we review the role of complement in the host response to L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Calame
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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50
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Wang Y, Sun SN, Liu Q, Yu YY, Guo J, Wang K, Xing BC, Zheng QF, Campa MJ, Patz EF, Li SY, He YW. Autocrine Complement Inhibits IL10-Dependent T-cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity to Promote Tumor Progression. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:1022-35. [PMID: 27297552 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In contrast to its inhibitory effects on many cells, IL10 activates CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and enhances their antitumor activity. However, CD8(+) TILs do not routinely express IL10, as autocrine complement C3 inhibits IL10 production through complement receptors C3aR and C5aR. CD8(+) TILs from C3-deficient mice, however, express IL10 and exhibit enhanced effector function. C3-deficient mice are resistant to tumor development in a T-cell- and IL10-dependent manner; human TILs expanded with IL2 plus IL10 increase the killing of primary tumors in vitro compared with IL2-treated TILs. Complement-mediated inhibition of antitumor immunity is independent of the programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint pathway. Our findings suggest that complement receptors C3aR and C5aR expressed on CD8(+) TILs represent a novel class of immune checkpoints that could be targeted for tumor immunotherapy. Moreover, incorporation of IL10 in the expansion of TILs and in gene-engineered T cells for adoptive cell therapy enhances their antitumor efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest novel strategies to enhance immunotherapies: a combined blockade of complement signaling by antagonists to C3aR, C5aR, and anti-PD-1 to enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy; a targeted IL10 delivery to CD8(+) TILs using anti-PD-1-IL10 or anti-CTLA4-IL10 fusion proteins; and the addition of IL10 in TIL expansion for adoptive cellular therapy. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 1022-35. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Peng et al., p. 953This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 932.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sheng-Nan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kun Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Cai Xing
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Feng Zheng
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Michael J Campa
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Edward F Patz
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shi-You Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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