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Amoroso M, Langgartner D, Lowry CA, Reber SO. Rapidly Growing Mycobacterium Species: The Long and Winding Road from Tuberculosis Vaccines to Potent Stress-Resilience Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312938. [PMID: 34884743 PMCID: PMC8657684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases and stressor-related psychiatric disorders, for which inflammation is a risk factor, are increasing in modern Western societies. Recent studies suggest that immunoregulatory approaches are a promising tool in reducing the risk of suffering from such disorders. Specifically, the environmental saprophyte Mycobacterium vaccae National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) 11659 has recently gained attention for the prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, effective use requires a sophisticated understanding of the effects of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGMs) on microbiome–gut–immune–brain interactions. This historical narrative review is intended as a first step in exploring these mechanisms and provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies on M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs. The overall objective of this review article is to increase the comprehension of, and interest in, the mechanisms through which M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs promote stress resilience, with the intention of fostering novel clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of stressor-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Amoroso
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), The Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Senior Fellow, inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Cytokine/Chemokine Release Patterns and Transcriptomic Profiles of LPS/IFNγ-Activated Human Macrophages Differentiated with Heat-Killed Mycobacterium obuense, M-CSF, or GM-CSF. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137214. [PMID: 34281268 PMCID: PMC8268300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφs) are instrumental regulators of the immune response whereby they acquire diverse functional phenotypes following their exposure to microenvironmental cues that govern their differentiation from monocytes and their activation. The complexity and diversity of the mycobacterial cell wall have empowered mycobacteria with potent immunomodulatory capacities. A heat-killed (HK) whole-cell preparation of Mycobacterium obuense (M. obuense) has shown promise as an adjunctive immunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. Moreover, HK M. obuense has been shown to trigger the differentiation of human monocytes into a monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) type named Mob-MDM. However, the transcriptomic profile and functional properties of Mob-MDMs remain undefined during an activation state. Here, we characterized cytokine/chemokine release patterns and transcriptomic profiles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon γ (IFNγ)-activated human MDMs that were differentiated with HK M. obuense (Mob-MDM(LPS/IFNγ)), macrophage colony-stimulating factor M-MDM(LPS/IFNγ)), or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-MDM(LPS/IFNγ)). Mob-MDM(LPS/IFNγ) demonstrated a unique cytokine/chemokine release pattern (interleukin (IL)-10low, IL-12/23p40low, IL-23p19/p40low, chemokine (C-x-C) motif ligand (CXCL)9low) that was distinct from those of M-MDM(LPS/IFNγ) and GM-MDM(LPS/IFNγ). Furthermore, M-MDM(LPS/IFNγ) maintained IL-10 production at significantly higher levels compared to GM-MDM(LPS/IFNγ) and Mob-MDM(LPS/IFNγ) despite being activated with M1-Mφ-activating stimuli. Comparative RNA sequencing analysis pointed to a distinct transcriptome profile for Mob-MDM(LPS/IFNγ) relative to both M-MDM(LPS/IFNγ) and GM-MDM(LPS/IFNγ) that comprised 417 transcripts. Functional gene-set enrichment analysis revealed significant overrepresentation of signaling pathways and biological processes that were uniquely related to Mob-MDM(LPS/IFNγ). Our findings lay a foundation for the potential integration of HK M. obuense in specific cell-based immunotherapeutic modalities such as adoptive transfer of Mφs (Mob-MDM(LPS/IFNγ)) for cancer treatment.
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Smaldini PL, Trejo FM, Rizzo GP, Comerci DJ, Kampinga J, Docena GH. Mucosal Immunoregulatory Properties of Tsukamurella inchonensis to Reverse Experimental Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641597. [PMID: 33995359 PMCID: PMC8120237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is lined by epithelial cells, which are key cells to sustain gut homeostasis. Food allergy is an immune-mediated adverse reaction to food, likely due to defective regulatory circuits. Tsukamurella inchonensis is a non-pathogenic bacterium with immunomodulatory properties. We hypothesize that the anti-inflammatory effect of dead T. inchonensis on activated epithelial cells modulates milk allergy through the restoration of tolerance in a mouse model. Epithelial cells (Caco-2 and enterocytes from mouse gut) and macrophages were stimulated with T. inchonensis and induction of luciferase under the NF-κB promoter, ROS and cytokines production were studied. Balb/c mice were mucosally sensitized with cow´s milk proteins plus cholera toxin and orally challenged with the allergen to evidence hypersensitivity symptoms. After that, mice were orally administered with heat-killed T. inchonensis as treatment and then challenged with the allergen. The therapeutic efficacy was in vivo (clinical score and cutaneous test) and in vitro (serum specific antibodies and cytokines-ELISA, and cell analysis-flow cytometry) evaluated. Heat-killed T. inchonensis modulated the induction of pro-inflammatory chemokines, with an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines by intestinal epithelial cells and by macrophages with decreased OX40L expression. In vivo, oral administration of T. inchonensis increased the frequency of lamina propria CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells, and clinical signs were lower in T. inchonensis-treated mice compared with milk-sensitized animals. In vivo depletion of Tregs (anti-CD25) abrogated T. inchonensis immunomodulation. In conclusion, these bacteria suppressed the intestinal inflammatory immune response to reverse food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola L Smaldini
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, asociado a CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando M Trejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, asociado a CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gastón P Rizzo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, asociado a CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego J Comerci
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde (IIB-INTECH), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Guillermo H Docena
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, asociado a CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, La Plata, Argentina
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Kleen TO, Galdon AA, MacDonald AS, Dalgleish AG. Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and "New Old Friends". Front Immunol 2020; 11:2059. [PMID: 33013871 PMCID: PMC7498663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel, highly contagious coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly throughout the world, leading to a deadly pandemic of a predominantly respiratory illness called COVID-19. Safe and effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are urgently needed. However, emerging immunological observations show hallmarks of significant immunopathological characteristics and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19. Combined with existing knowledge about immune responses to other closely related and highly pathogenic coronaviruses, this could forebode significant challenges for vaccine development, including the risk of vaccine failure. Animal data from earlier coronavirus vaccine efforts indicate that elderly people, most at risk from severe COVID-19 disease, could be especially at risk from immunopathologic responses to novel coronavirus vaccines. Bacterial "new old friends" such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Mycobacterium obuense have the ability to elevate basal systemic levels of type 1 cytokines and immune cells, correlating with increased protection against diverse and unrelated infectious agents, called "trained immunity." Here we describe dysfunctional immune responses induced by coronaviruses, representing potentially difficult to overcome obstacles to safe, effective vaccine development for COVID-19, and outline how trained immunity could help protect high risk populations through immunomodulation with BCG and other "new old friends."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia A Galdon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angus G Dalgleish
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Mycobacterial immunotherapy for prostate cancer: where can we go from here? Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:189-190. [PMID: 31996816 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Coventry BJ. Therapeutic vaccination immunomodulation: forming the basis of all cancer immunotherapy. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2019; 7:2515135519862234. [PMID: 31414074 PMCID: PMC6676259 DOI: 10.1177/2515135519862234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent immunotherapy advances have convincingly demonstrated complete tumour removal with long-term survival. These impressive clinical responses have rekindled enthusiasm towards immunotherapy and tumour antigen vaccination providing 'cures' for melanoma and other cancers. However, many patients still do not benefit; sometimes harmed by severe autoimmune toxicity. Checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA4; anti-PD-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are 'pure immune drivers' of pre-existing immune responses and can induce either desirable effector-stimulatory or undesirable inhibitory-regulatory responses. Why some patients respond well, while others do not, is presently unknown, but might be related to the cellular populations being 'driven' at the time of dosing, dictating the resulting immune response. Vaccination is in-vivo immunotherapy requiring an active host response. Vaccination for cancer treatment has been skeptically viewed, arising partially from difficulty demonstrating clear, consistent clinical responses. However, this article puts forward accumulating evidence that 'vaccination' immunomodulation constitutes the fundamental, central, intrinsic property associated with antigen exposure not only from exogenous antigen (allogeneic or autologous) administration, but also from endogenous release of tumour antigen (autologous) from in-vivo tumour-cell damage and lysis. Many 'standard' cancer therapies (chemotherapy, radiotherapy etc.) create waves of tumour-cell damage, lysis and antigen release, thus constituting 'in-vivo vaccination' events. In essence, whenever tumour cells are killed, antigen release can provide in-vivo repeated vaccination events. Effective anti-tumour immune responses require antigen release/supply; immune recognition, and immune responsiveness. With better appreciation of endogenous vaccination and immunomodulation, more refined approaches can be engineered with prospect of higher success rates from cancer therapy, including complete responses and better survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon J. Coventry
- Discipline of Surgery and Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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López V, Risalde MA, Contreras M, Mateos-Hernández L, Vicente J, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis protects zebrafish against mycobacteriosis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1515-1528. [PMID: 29956837 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Control of mycobacterial infection constitutes a priority for human and animal health worldwide. However, effective vaccines are needed for the control of human and animal tuberculosis (TB). Adult zebrafish have become a useful model for studying the pathophysiology of mycobacterial infection and for the development of novel interventions for TB control and prevention. Recently, parenteral and oral immunization with the heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine (M. bovis IV) protected wild boar against TB. The objectives of this study were to provide additional support for the role of M. bovis IV in TB control using the zebrafish model and to conduct the first trial with this vaccine for the control of fish mycobacteriosis. The results showed that M. bovis IV protected zebrafish against mycobacteriosis caused by low and high infection doses of Mycobacterium marinum and provided evidence suggesting that the protective mechanism elicited by M. bovis IV in zebrafish as in other species is based on the activation of the innate immune response through the C3 pathway, with a role for the regulatory protein Akr2 in this process. These results encourage the use of M. bovis IV for TB control in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir López
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Angeles Risalde
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Joaquin Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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Control of mycobacteriosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) mucosally vaccinated with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis. Vaccine 2018; 36:4447-4453. [PMID: 29935860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterial infections greatly affect human and animal health worldwide, and vaccines are effective, sustainable and economic interventions for the prevention and control of these infectious diseases. Recent results support the use of zebrafish as a model for studying the pathophysiology of mycobacterial infection and for the development of novel interventions for tuberculosis (TB) control. Recently, we showed that oral immunization with the heat-inactivated M. bovis vaccine (M. bovis IV) protect wild boar against TB, and suggested that this vaccine may controls mycobacterial infection in other species. METHODS In this study we evaluated the effect of M. bovis IV on the control of mycobacteriosis in zebrafish mucosally vaccinated by immersion and challenged intraperitoneally with Mycobacterium marinum. RESULTS The results showed that the M. bovis IV administered by immersion protected zebrafish against mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum by reduction in mycobacterial infection, the number of mycobacteria per granuloma and the number of granulomas per fish. An IgM antibody response against M. bovis antigens was developed in vaccinated fish. Evidences suggested that the protective mechanism elicited by mucosal vaccination with M. bovis IV in zebrafish was based on the activation of the innate immune response through the C3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results support the use of the M. bovis IV administered by immersion for the control of mycobacteriosis in fish.
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Zhang Y, Yang C, Cheng H, Fan Z, Huang Q, Lu Y, Fan K, Luo G, Jin K, Wang Z, Liu C, Yu X. Novel agents for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: emerging therapeutics and future directions. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:14. [PMID: 29386069 PMCID: PMC5793409 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) associated with chemoresistance has not changed for the past three decades. A multidisciplinary diagnosis followed by surgery and chemo(radiation)therapy is the main treatment approach. However, gemcitabine- and 5-fluorouracil-based therapies did not present satisfying outcomes. Novel regimens targeting pancreatic cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment, and immunosuppression are emerging. Biomarkers concerning the treatment outcome and patient selection are being discovered in preclinical or clinical studies. Combination therapies of classic chemotherapeutic drugs and novel agents or novel therapeutic combinations might bring hope to the dismal prognosis for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyao Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengshi Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Fox JH, Hassell JE, Siebler PH, Arnold MR, Lamb AK, Smith DG, Day HEW, Smith TM, Simmerman EM, Outzen AA, Holmes KS, Brazell CJ, Lowry CA. Preimmunization with a heat-killed preparation of Mycobacterium vaccae enhances fear extinction in the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:70-84. [PMID: 28888667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hygiene hypothesis or "Old Friends" hypothesis proposes that inflammatory diseases are increasing in modern urban societies, due in part to reduced exposure to microorganisms that drive immunoregulatory circuits, and a failure to terminate inappropriate inflammatory responses. Inappropriate inflammation is also emerging as a risk factor for trauma-related, anxiety, and affective disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is characterized as persistent re-experiencing of the trauma after a traumatic experience. Traumatic experiences can lead to long-lasting fear memories and exaggerated fear potentiation of the acoustic startle reflex. The acoustic startle reflex is an ethologically relevant reflex and can be potentiated in both humans and rats through Pavlovian conditioning. Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 is a soil-derived bacterium with immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that has been demonstrated to confer stress resilience in mice. Here we immunized adult male Sprague Dawley rats 3×, once per week, with a heat-killed preparation of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 (0.1mg, s.c., in 100µl borate-buffered saline) or vehicle, and, then, 3weeks following the final immunization, tested them in the fear-potentiated startle paradigm; controls were maintained under home cage control conditions throughout the experiment (n=11-12 per group). Rats were tested on days 1 and 2 for baseline acoustic startle, received fear conditioning on days 3 and 4, and underwent fear extinction training on days 5-10. Rats were euthanized on day 11 and brain tissue was sectioned for analysis of mRNA expression for genes important in control of brain serotonergic signaling, including tph2, htr1a, slc6a4, and slc22a3, throughout the brainstem dorsal and median raphe nuclei. Immunization with M. vaccae had no effect on baseline acoustic startle or fear expression on day 5. However, M. vaccae-immunized rats showed enhanced between-session and within-session extinction on day 6, relative to vehicle-immunized controls. Immunization with M. vaccae and fear-potentiated startle altered serotonergic gene expression in a gene- and subregion-specific manner. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that immunoregulatory strategies, such as preimmunization with M. vaccae, have potential for prevention of stress- and trauma-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Fox
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
| | - James E Hassell
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
| | - Philip H Siebler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
| | - Mathew R Arnold
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
| | - Andrew K Lamb
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
| | - David G Smith
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
| | - Heidi E W Day
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Tessa M Smith
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
| | - Emma M Simmerman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
| | - Alexander A Outzen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
| | - Kaley S Holmes
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
| | - Christopher J Brazell
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO 80220, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO 80220, USA.
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11
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Bazzi S, El-Darzi E, McDowell T, Modjtahedi H, Mudan S, Achkar M, Akle C, Kadara H, Bahr GM. Defining Genome-Wide Expression and Phenotypic Contextual Cues in Macrophages Generated by Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, and Heat-Killed Mycobacteria. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1253. [PMID: 29046677 PMCID: PMC5632758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-killed (HK) Mycobacterium obuense (NCTC13365) is currently being evaluated in the clinic as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment. Yet, the molecular underpinnings underlying immunomodulatory properties of HK M. obuense are still largely undefined. To fill this void, we sought to perform immunophenotyping, chemokine/cytokine release analysis and genome-wide characterization of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in which monocytes were originally isolated from healthy donors and differentiated by HK M. obuense (Mob-MDM) relative to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-MDM) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-MDM). Immunophenotyping and cytokine release analysis revealed downregulated surface expression of CD36, decreased spontaneous release of CCL2 and increased spontaneous secretion of CCL5, CXCL8/IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α in Mob-MDM relative to M-MDM and GM-MDM. Analysis of cytostatic activity showed that Mob-MDM exhibited similar growth inhibitory effects on immortalized and malignant epithelial cells compared with GM-MDM but at an elevated rate relative to M-MDM. To understand global cues in Mob-MDM, we performed comparative RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of Mob-MDM relative to GM-MDM and M-MDM (n = 4 donors). Clustering analysis underscored expression profiles (n = 256) that were significantly modulated in Mob-MDM versus both M-MDM and GM-MDM including, among others, chemokines/cytokines and their receptors, enzymes and transcriptions factors. Topological functional analysis of these profiles identified pathways and gene sets linked to Mob-MDM phenotype including nitric oxide production, acute phase response signaling and microbe recognition pathways as well as signaling cues mediated by the proinflammatory cytokine, interferon-gamma, and the intracellular pattern recognition receptor, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2. Taken together, our study highlights molecular immune phenotypes and global signaling cues in Mob-MDM that may underlie immunomodulatory properties of HK M. obuense. Such properties could be of valuable use in immunotherapy approaches such as adoptive cell therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Bazzi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Kurah, Lebanon
| | - Emale El-Darzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Kurah, Lebanon
| | - Tina McDowell
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Helmout Modjtahedi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
| | - Satvinder Mudan
- St George's University of London, Imperial College, London and The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Achkar
- Clinical Laboratory, Nini Hospital, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Charles Akle
- Immodulon Therapeutics Ltd., Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Humam Kadara
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges M Bahr
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Kurah, Lebanon
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12
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Bazzi S, Modjtahedi H, Mudan S, Achkar M, Akle C, Bahr GM. Immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed Mycobacterium obuense on human blood dendritic cells. Innate Immun 2017; 23:592-605. [PMID: 28853313 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917727838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-killed (HK) Mycobacterium obuense is a novel immunomodulator, currently undergoing clinical evaluation as an immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer. Here, we examined the effect of in vitro exposure to HK M. obuense on the expression of different categories of surface receptors on human blood myeloid (m) and plasmacytoid (p) DCs. Moreover, we have characterized the cytokine and chemokine secretion patterns of purified total blood DCs stimulated with HK M. obuense. HK M. obuense significantly up-regulated the expression of CD11c, CD80, CD83, CD86, CD274 and MHC class II in whole-blood mDCs and CD80, CD123 and MHC class II in whole-blood pDCs. Down-regulation of CD195 expression in both DC subpopulations was also noted. Further analysis showed that HK M. obuense up-regulated the expression of CD80, CD83 and MHC class II on purified blood DC subpopulations. TLR2 and TLR1 were also identified to be engaged in mediating the HK M. obuense-induced up-regulation of surface receptor expression on whole blood mDCs. In addition, our data demonstrated that HK M. obuense augmented the secretion of CCL4, CCL5, CCL22, CXCL8, IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α by purified total blood DCs. Taken together, our data suggest that HK M. obuense exerts potent differential immunomodulatory effects on human DC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Bazzi
- 1 School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, 4264 Kingston University , Kingston upon Thames, UK.,2 Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, 54686 University of Balamand , Al Kurah, Lebanon
| | - Helmout Modjtahedi
- 1 School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, 4264 Kingston University , Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Satvinder Mudan
- 3 St George's University of London, Imperial College, London and The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marcel Achkar
- 4 Clinical Laboratory Department, Nini Hospital, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | | | - Georges M Bahr
- 6 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 54686 University of Balamand , Al Kurah, Lebanon
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13
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Yu Q, Wang X, Fan X. A New Adjuvant MTOM Mediates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine to Enhance Th1-Type T Cell Immune Responses and IL-2 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:585. [PMID: 28572807 PMCID: PMC5436497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The only licensed vaccine Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) cannot prevent the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB), which remains a major public health problem worldwide. A more effective TB vaccine than BCG is urgently needed. Subunit vaccine is a promising strategy, and suitable adjuvants will benefit the development of effective TB subunit vaccines. MTO, consisting of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), trehalose-6,6′-dibehenate (TDB), and MF59, was developed as an adjuvant of TB vaccine because of its ability to evoke the Th1-type T cell responses, while it is insufficient to induce single and multifunctional IL-2+ T cells and has a limited ability to confer protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae (Mv), which can evoke cytotoxic CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses and has adjuvanticity, was, in this study, combined with MTO to produce a new adjuvant, called MTOM. The TB fusion protein Rv3407-PhoY2-Ag85A-Rv2626c-RpfB (WH121) was mixed with MTO, Mv, and MTOM to produce three subunit vaccines, and the protective efficacy and immune responses were compared in C57BL/6 mice. WH121/MTOM provided better protection against TB than the other two vaccines, matching the performance of BCG vaccine. MTOM showed stronger ability to increase single and multifunctional IL-2+ T cells and induce Th1-type responses than MTO or Mv. Therefore, MTOM might be a promising adjuvant that could contribute to the development of TB subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guiyang Traditional Chinese Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xionglin Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Myint ZW, Goel G. Role of modern immunotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies: a review of current clinical progress. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:86. [PMID: 28434400 PMCID: PMC5402172 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of highly aggressive malignancies with a huge disease burden worldwide. There is clearly a significant unmet need for new drugs and therapies to further improve the treatment outcomes of GI malignancies. Immunotherapy is a novel treatment strategy that is emerging as an effective and promising treatment option against several types of cancers. CTLA-4 and PD-1 are critical immune checkpoint molecules that negatively regulate T cell activation via distinct mechanisms. Immune checkpoint blockade with antibodies directed against these pathways has already shown clinical efficacy that has led to their FDA approval in the treatment of several solid tumors including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and head and neck cancer. This review will summarize the current clinical progress of modern immunotherapy in the field of GI tumors, with a special focus on immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin W Myint
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, CC449, Lexington, KY, 40503, USA
| | - Gaurav Goel
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, CC449, Lexington, KY, 40503, USA.
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15
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Dalgleish AG, Stebbing J, Adamson DJA, Arif SS, Bidoli P, Chang D, Cheeseman S, Diaz-Beveridge R, Fernandez-Martos C, Glynne-Jones R, Granetto C, Massuti B, McAdam K, McDermott R, Martín AJM, Papamichael D, Pazo-Cid R, Vieitez JM, Zaniboni A, Carroll KJ, Wagle S, Gaya A, Mudan SS. Randomised, open-label, phase II study of gemcitabine with and without IMM-101 for advanced pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:789-96. [PMID: 27599039 PMCID: PMC5046215 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune Modulation and Gemcitabine Evaluation-1, a randomised, open-label, phase II, first-line, proof of concept study (NCT01303172), explored safety and tolerability of IMM-101 (heat-killed Mycobacterium obuense; NCTC 13365) with gemcitabine (GEM) in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Patients were randomised (2 : 1) to IMM-101 (10 mg ml(-l) intradermally)+GEM (1000 mg m(-2) intravenously; n=75), or GEM alone (n=35). Safety was assessed on frequency and incidence of adverse events (AEs). Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rate (ORR) were collected. RESULTS IMM-101 was well tolerated with a similar rate of AE and serious adverse event reporting in both groups after allowance for exposure. Median OS in the intent-to-treat population was 6.7 months for IMM-101+GEM v 5.6 months for GEM; while not significant, the hazard ratio (HR) numerically favoured IMM-101+GEM (HR, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.44-1.04, P=0.074). In a pre-defined metastatic subgroup (84%), OS was significantly improved from 4.4 to 7.0 months in favour of IMM-101+GEM (HR, 0.54, 95% CI 0.33-0.87, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS IMM-101 with GEM was as safe and well tolerated as GEM alone, and there was a suggestion of a beneficial effect on survival in patients with metastatic disease. This warrants further evaluation in an adequately powered confirmatory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus G Dalgleish
- Cancer Vaccine Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Paolo Bidoli
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - David Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn, UK
| | - Sue Cheeseman
- Department of Oncology, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Granetto
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Bartomeu Massuti
- Ensayos Clínicos Oncología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Karen McAdam
- Oncology Department, Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - Raymond McDermott
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital and The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Andrés J Muñoz Martín
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Pazo-Cid
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Vieitez
- Area and Neuroendocrine Tumors Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Hospital Central de Asturias, Asturias, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Gaya
- Clinical Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Satvinder S Mudan
- St George's University of London, Imperial College, London and The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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16
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De La Fuente J, Gortázar C, Juste R. Complement component 3: a new paradigm in tuberculosis vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 15:275-7. [PMID: 26605515 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1125294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are critical for the control of tuberculosis (TB) affecting humans and animals worldwide. First-generation vaccines protect from active TB but new vaccines are required to protect against pulmonary disease and infection. Recent advances in post-genomics technologies have allowed the characterization of host-pathogen interactions to discover new protective antigens and mechanisms to develop more effective vaccines against TB. Studies in the wild boar model resulted in the identification of complement component 3 (C3) as a natural correlate of protection against TB. Oral immunization with heat-inactivated mycobacteria protected wild boar against TB and showed that C3 plays a central role in protection. These results point at C3 as a target to develop novel vaccine formulations for more effective protection against TB in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José De La Fuente
- a SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) , Ciudad Real , Spain.,b Department of Veterinary Pathobiology , Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA
| | - Christian Gortázar
- a SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Ramón Juste
- c Departamento de Sanidad Animal , NEIKER-Tecnalia. Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario , Derio , Vizcaya , Spain
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