1
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Stip MC, Jansen JHM, Nederend M, Tsioumpekou M, Evers M, Olofsen PA, Meyer-Wentrup F, Leusen JHW. Characterization of human Fc alpha receptor transgenic mice: comparison of CD89 expression and antibody-dependent tumor killing between mouse strains. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3063-3077. [PMID: 37338671 PMCID: PMC10412663 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Since mice do not express a homologue of the human Fc alpha receptor (FcαRI or CD89), a transgenic mouse model was generated in four different backgrounds (C57BL/6, BALB/c, SCID and NXG) expressing the FcαRI under the endogenous human promoter. In this study, we describe previously unknown characteristics of this model, such as the integration site of the FCAR gene, the CD89 expression pattern in healthy male and female mice and in tumor-bearing mice, expression of myeloid activation markers and FcγRs and IgA/CD89-mediated tumor killing capacity. In all mouse strains, CD89 expression is highest in neutrophils, intermediate on other myeloid cells such as eosinophils and DC subsets and inducible on, among others, monocytes, macrophages and Kupffer cells. CD89 expression levels are highest in BALB/c and SCID, lower in C57BL/6 and lowest in NXG mice. Additionally, CD89 expression on myeloid cells is increased in tumor-bearing mice across all mouse strains. Using Targeted Locus Amplification, we determined that the hCD89 transgene has integrated in chromosome 4. Furthermore, we established that wildtype and hCD89 transgenic mice have a similar composition and phenotype of immune cells. Finally, IgA-mediated killing of tumor cells is most potent with neutrophils from BALB/c and C57BL/6 and less with neutrophils from SCID and NXG mice. However, when effector cells from whole blood are used, SCID and BALB/c are most efficient, since these strains have a much higher number of neutrophils. Overall, hCD89 transgenic mice provide a very powerful model to test the efficacy of IgA immunotherapy against infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein C Stip
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J H Marco Jansen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Nederend
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Tsioumpekou
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Olofsen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Friederike Meyer-Wentrup
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Ma D, Tian S, Qin Q, Yu Y, Jiao J, Xiong X, Guo Y, Zhang X, Ouyang X. Construction of an inhalable recombinant M2e-FP-expressing Bacillus subtilis spores-based vaccine and evaluation of its protection efficacy against influenza in a mouse model. Vaccine 2023; 41:4402-4413. [PMID: 37308364 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a deadly zoonotic pathogen that remains a burden to global health systems despite continuous vaccinations, indicating the need for an improved vaccine strategy. In this work, we constructed a new recombinant influenza vaccine using Bacillus subtilis spores expressing M2e-FP protein (RSM2eFP) and assessed its potency and efficacy in BALB/c mouse immunized via aerosolized intratracheal inoculation (i.t.) or intragastric (i.g.) administration. Immunization via i.t. route conferred 100 % protection against 20 × LD50 A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus compared with only 50 % via the i.g. route. Even when challenged with 40 × LD50 virus, the RSM2eFP vaccine immunized via i.t. provided 80 % protection. Consistently, i.t. inoculation of RSM2eFP spore vaccine induced a stronger lung mucosal immune response and a greater cellular immune response than i.g. administration, as indicated by the high production of IgG and SIgA. In addition, the RSM2eFP spore vaccine diminished the yield of infectious virus in the lung of mice immunized via i.t. These results suggest that i.t. immunization of the RSM2eFP spore vaccine may be a promising strategy for the development of mucosal vaccines against IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, 186# Hong-Qi-Zhong Street, Zhifu, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shengyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20# Nan-Er-Huan-Dong Street, Yuhua, Hebei 050010, China
| | - Qingqing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15(#) Bei-San-Huan-Dong Street, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, 186# Hong-Qi-Zhong Street, Zhifu, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China.
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3
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Mes L, Steffen U, Chen HJ, Veth J, Hoepel W, Griffith GR, Schett G, den Dunnen J. IgA2 immune complexes selectively promote inflammation by human CD103+ dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1116435. [PMID: 37006318 PMCID: PMC10061090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While immunoglobulin A (IgA) is well known for its neutralizing and anti-inflammatory function, it is becoming increasingly clear that IgA can also induce human inflammatory responses by various different immune cells. Yet, little is known about the relative role of induction of inflammation by the two IgA subclasses i.e. IgA1, most prominent subclass in circulation, and IgA2, most prominent subclass in the lower intestine. Here, we set out to study the inflammatory function of IgA subclasses on different human myeloid immune cell subsets, including monocytes, and in vitro differentiated macrophages and intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs). While individual stimulation with IgA immune complexes only induced limited inflammatory responses by human immune cells, both IgA subclasses strongly amplified pro-inflammatory cytokine production upon co-stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as Pam3CSK4, PGN, and LPS. Strikingly, while IgA1 induced slightly higher or similar levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages, respectively, IgA2 induced substantially more inflammation than IgA1 by CD103+ DCs. In addition to pro-inflammatory cytokine proteins, IgA2 also induced higher mRNA expression levels, indicating that amplification of pro-inflammatory cytokine production is at least partially regulated at the level of gene transcription. Interestingly, cytokine amplification by IgA1 was almost completely dependent on Fc alpha receptor I (FcαRI), whilst blocking this receptor only partially reduced cytokine induction by IgA2. In addition, IgA2-induced amplification of pro-inflammatory cytokines was less dependent on signaling through the kinases Syk, PI3K, and TBK1/IKKϵ. Combined, these findings indicate that IgA2 immune complexes, which are most abundantly expressed in the lower intestine, particularly promote inflammation by human CD103+ intestinal DCs. This may serve an important physiological function upon infection, by enabling inflammatory responses by this otherwise tolerogenic DC subset. Since various inflammatory disorders are characterized by disturbances in IgA subclass balance, this may also play a role in the induction or exacerbation of chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Mes
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Veth
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Romeo Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeroen den Dunnen,
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4
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Bartsch YC, Cizmeci D, Kang J, Zohar T, Periasamy S, Mehta N, Tolboom J, Van der Fits L, Sadoff J, Comeaux C, Callendret B, Bukreyev A, Lauffenburger DA, Bastian AR, Alter G. Antibody effector functions are associated with protection from respiratory syncytial virus. Cell 2022; 185:4873-4886.e10. [PMID: 36513064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection and death in young infants and the elderly. With no effective prophylactic treatment available, current vaccine candidates aim to elicit neutralizing antibodies. However, binding and neutralization have poorly predicted protection in the past, and accumulating data across epidemiologic cohorts and animal models collectively point to a role for additional antibody Fc-effector functions. To begin to define the humoral correlates of immunity against RSV, here we profiled an adenovirus 26 RSV-preF vaccine-induced humoral immune response in a group of healthy adults that were ultimately challenged with RSV. Protection from infection was linked to opsonophagocytic functions, driven by IgA and differentially glycosylated RSV-specific IgG profiles, marking a functional humoral immune signature of protection against RSV. Furthermore, Fc-modified monoclonal antibodies able to selectively recruit effector functions demonstrated significant antiviral control in a murine model of RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic C Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tomer Zohar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen Tolboom
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jerry Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christy Comeaux
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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5
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Sewnath CA, Behrens LM, van Egmond M. Targeting myeloid cells with bispecific antibodies as novel immunotherapies of cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:983-995. [PMID: 35854649 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2098675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most bispecific antibody (BsAb) therapies focus on stimulating the adaptive immune system, in particular T cells, to promote tumor cell killing. Another method to promote tumor eradication is through the engagement of myeloid cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, which are abundantly present and possess intrinsic cytotoxic mechanisms for tumor cell killing, making them interesting effector cells to recruit for BsAb therapy. AREAS COVERED In this review, we describe the evolving knowledge of the role of macrophages and neutrophils in cancer in scientific literature. Moreover, we address the BsAbs that have been developed over the years to recruit these cell types as effector cells in immunotherapy of cancer. This includes the discussion of BsAbs that target Fc receptors (i.e. FcγR and FcαRI) to induce antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages or trogoptosis via neutrophils, as well as BsAbs that interfere with checkpoint inhibition, including the SIRPα-CD47 pathway. EXPERT OPINION Elucidating the complexity of macrophage and neutrophil heterogeneity in cancer may help to specifically enlist the cytotoxic ability of these cells through targeting Fc receptors and checkpoint pathways, which may further enhance anti-cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine An Sewnath
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Immunology Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie M Behrens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Immunology Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Immunology Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Radovani B, Gudelj I. N-Glycosylation and Inflammation; the Not-So-Sweet Relation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893365. [PMID: 35833138 PMCID: PMC9272703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the main feature of many long-term inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. There is a growing number of studies in which alterations of N-glycosylation have been observed in many pathophysiological conditions, yet studies of the underlying mechanisms that precede N-glycome changes are still sparse. Proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to alter the substrate synthesis pathways as well as the expression of glycosyltransferases required for the biosynthesis of N-glycans. The resulting N-glycosylation changes can further contribute to disease pathogenesis through modulation of various aspects of immune cell processes, including those relevant to pathogen recognition and fine-tuning the inflammatory response. This review summarizes our current knowledge of inflammation-induced N-glycosylation changes, with a particular focus on specific subsets of immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity and how these changes affect their effector functions, cell interactions, and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Radovani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Kim M, Cheong Y, Lee J, Lim J, Byun S, Jang YH, Seong BL. A Host-Restricted Self-Attenuated Influenza Virus Provides Broad Pan-Influenza A Protection in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:779223. [PMID: 34925355 PMCID: PMC8674563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections can cause a broad range of symptoms, form mild respiratory problems to severe and fatal complications. While influenza virus poses a global health threat, the frequent antigenic change often significantly compromises the protective efficacy of seasonal vaccines, further increasing the vulnerability to viral infection. Therefore, it is in great need to employ strategies for the development of universal influenza vaccines (UIVs) which can elicit broad protection against diverse influenza viruses. Using a mouse infection model, we examined the breadth of protection of the caspase-triggered live attenuated influenza vaccine (ctLAIV), which was self-attenuated by the host caspase-dependent cleavage of internal viral proteins. A single vaccination in mice induced a broad reactive antibody response against four different influenza viruses, H1 and rH5 (HA group 1) and H3 and rH7 subtypes (HA group 2). Notably, despite the lack of detectable neutralizing antibodies, the vaccination provided heterosubtypic protection against the lethal challenge with the viruses. Sterile protection was confirmed by the complete absence of viral titers in the lungs and nasal turbinates after the challenge. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities of non-neutralizing antibodies contributed to cross-protection. The cross-protection remained robust even after in vivo depletion of T cells or NK cells, reflecting the strength and breadth of the antibody-dependent effector function. The robust mucosal secretion of sIgA reflects an additional level of cross-protection. Our data show that the host-restricted designer vaccine serves an option for developing a UIV, providing pan-influenza A protection against both group 1 and 2 influenza viruses. The present results of potency and breadth of protection from wild type and reassortant viruses addressed in the mouse model by single immunization merits further confirmation and validation, preferably in clinically relevant ferret models with wild type challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Kim
- Graduate Program in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yucheol Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongkwan Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Graduate Program in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Major in Bio-Vaccine Engineering, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea.,Vaccine Industry Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Sano K, Saito S, Suzuki T, Kotani O, Ainai A, van Riet E, Tabata K, Saito K, Takahashi Y, Yokoyama M, Sato H, Maruno T, Usami K, Uchiyama S, Ogawa-Goto K, Hasegawa H. An influenza HA stalk reactive polymeric IgA antibody exhibits anti-viral function regulated by binary interaction between HA and the antibody. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245244. [PMID: 33412571 PMCID: PMC7790537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA antibodies, which are secreted onto the mucosal surface as secretory IgA antibodies (SIgAs), play an important role in preventing influenza virus infection. A recent study reported that anti-hemagglutinin (HA) head-targeting antibodies increase anti-viral functions such as hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (NT), in addition to HA binding activity (reactivity) via IgA polymerization. However, the functional properties of anti-viral IgA antibodies with mechanisms of action distinct from those of anti-HA head-targeting antibodies remain elusive. Here, we characterized the functional properties of IgG, monomeric IgA, and polymeric IgA anti-HA stalk-binding clones F11 and FI6, and B12 (a low affinity anti-HA stalk clone), as well as Fab-deficient (ΔFab) IgA antibodies. We found that IgA polymerization impacts the functional properties of anti-HA stalk antibodies. Unlike anti-HA head antibodies, the anti-viral functions of anti-HA stalk antibodies were not simply enhanced by IgA polymerization. The data suggest that two modes of binding (Fab paratope-mediated binding to the HA stalk, and IgA Fc glycan-mediated binding to the HA receptor binding site (RBS)) occur during interaction between anti-stalk HA IgA antibodies and HA. In situations where Fab paratope-mediated binding to the HA stalk exceeded IgA Fc glycan-mediated binding to HA RBS, IgA polymerization increased anti-viral functions. By contrast, when IgA Fc glycan-mediated binding to the HA RBS was dominant, anti-viral activity will fall upon IgA polymerization. In summary, the results suggest that coordination between these two independent binding modules determines whether IgA polymerization has a negative or positive effect on the anti-viral functions of anti-HA stalk IgA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases Pathology, Department of Global Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinji Saito
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kotani
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elly van Riet
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumpei Saito
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoyama
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaede Usami
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Ogawa-Goto
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Incorporated, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases Pathology, Department of Global Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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9
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van Gool MMJ, van Egmond M. IgA and FcαRI: Versatile Players in Homeostasis, Infection, and Autoimmunity. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 9:351-372. [PMID: 33447585 PMCID: PMC7801909 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s266242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces constitute the frontiers of the body and are the biggest barriers of our body for the outside world. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody class present at these sites. It passively contributes to mucosal homeostasis via immune exclusion maintaining a tight balance between tolerating commensals and providing protection against pathogens. Once pathogens have succeeded in invading the epithelial barriers, IgA has an active role in host-pathogen defense by activating myeloid cells through divers receptors, including its Fc receptor, FcαRI (CD89). To evade elimination, several pathogens secrete proteins that interfere with either IgA neutralization or FcαRI-mediated immune responses, emphasizing the importance of IgA-FcαRI interactions in preventing infection. Depending on the IgA form, either anti- or pro-inflammatory responses can be induced. Moreover, the presence of excessive IgA immune complexes can result in continuous FcαRI-mediated activation of myeloid cells, potentially leading to severe tissue damage. On the one hand, enhancing pathogen-specific mucosal and systemic IgA by vaccination may increase protective immunity against infectious diseases. On the other hand, interfering with the IgA-FcαRI axis by monovalent targeting or blocking FcαRI may resolve IgA-induced inflammation and tissue damage. This review describes the multifaceted role of FcαRI as immune regulator between anti- and pro-inflammatory responses of IgA, and addresses potential novel therapeutic strategies that target FcαRI in disease. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/xlijXy5W0xA
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Maria Johanna van Gool
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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10
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McLean MR, Lu LL, Kent SJ, Chung AW. An Inflammatory Story: Antibodies in Tuberculosis Comorbidities. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2846. [PMID: 31921122 PMCID: PMC6913197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resides in a quarter of the world's population and is the causative agent for tuberculosis (TB), the most common infectious reason of death in humans today. Although cellular immunity has been firmly established in the control of Mtb, there is growing evidence that antibodies may also modulate the infection. More specifically, certain antibody features are associated with inflammation and are divergent in different states of human infection and disease. Importantly, TB impacts not just the healthy but also those with chronic conditions. While HIV represents the quintessential comorbid condition for TB, recent epidemiological evidence shows that additional chronic conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease are rising. In fact, the prevalence of diabetes as a comorbid TB condition is now higher than that of HIV. These chronic diseases are themselves independently associated with pro-inflammatory immune states that encompass antibody profiles. This review discusses isotypes, subclasses, post-translational modifications and Fc-mediated functions of antibodies in TB infection and in the comorbid chronic conditions of HIV, diabetes, and kidney diseases. We propose that inflammatory antibody profiles, which are a marker of active TB, may be an important biomarker for detection of TB disease progression within comorbid individuals. We highlight the need for future studies to determine which inflammatory antibody profiles are the consequences of comorbidities and which may potentially contribute to TB reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla R McLean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Department, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Brisbane, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, SA, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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11
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Tran AC, Kim MY, Reljic R. Emerging Themes for the Role of Antibodies in Tuberculosis. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e24. [PMID: 31501712 PMCID: PMC6722270 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The best way to debunk a scientific dogma is to throw irrefutable evidence at it. This is especially true if the dogma in question has been nurtured over many decades, as is the case with the apparent redundancy of antibodies (Abs) against intracellular pathogens. Although not fully compelling yet, that ‘hard core’ evidence is nevertheless now slowly beginning to emerge. This is true for several clinically relevant infections but none more so than Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the archetype intracellular pathogen that poses a great health challenge to the mankind. Here, prompted by a spate of recent high-profile reports on the effects of Abs in various experimental models of tuberculosis, we step back and take a critical look at the progress that has been made in the last 5 years and highlight some of the strengths and shortcomings of the presented evidence. We conclude that the tide of the opinion has begun to turn in favour of Abs but we also caution against overinterpreting the currently available limited evidence. For, until definitive evidence that can withstand even the most rigorous of experimental tests is produced, the dogma may yet survive. Or indeed, we may find that the truth is hidden somewhere in between the dogma and the unfulfilled scientific prophecy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy C Tran
- St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.,Department of Molecular Biology and The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Rajko Reljic
- St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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12
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Hidalgo A, Chilvers ER, Summers C, Koenderman L. The Neutrophil Life Cycle. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:584-597. [PMID: 31153737 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are recognized as an essential part of the innate immune response, but an active debate still exists regarding the life cycle of these cells. Neutrophils first differentiate in the bone marrow through progenitor intermediaries before entering the blood, in a process that gauges the extramedullary pool size. Once believed to be directly eliminated in the marrow, liver, and spleen, neutrophils, after circulating for less than 1 day, are now known to redistribute into multiple tissues with poorly understood kinetics. In this review, we provide an update on the dynamic distribution of neutrophils across tissues in health and disease, and emphasize differences between humans and model organisms. We further highlight issues to be addressed to exploit the unique features of neutrophils in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones, Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Edwin R Chilvers
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Charlotte Summers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Hansen IS, Baeten DLP, den Dunnen J. The inflammatory function of human IgA. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 76:1041-1055. [PMID: 30498997 PMCID: PMC6513800 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing concept regarding the immunological function of immunoglobulin A (IgA) is that it binds to and neutralizes pathogens to prevent infection at mucosal sites of the body. However, recently, it has become clear that in humans IgA is also able to actively contribute to the initiation of inflammation, both at mucosal and non-mucosal sites. This additional function of IgA is initiated by the formation of immune complexes, which trigger Fc alpha Receptor I (FcαRI) to synergize with various other receptors to amplify inflammatory responses. Recent findings have demonstrated that co-stimulation of FcαRI strongly affects pro-inflammatory cytokine production by various myeloid cells, including different dendritic cell subsets, macrophages, monocytes, and Kupffer cells. FcαRI-induced inflammation plays a crucial role in orchestrating human host defense against pathogens, as well as the generation of tissue-specific immunity. In addition, FcαRI-induced inflammation is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Combined, IgA-induced inflammation may be used to either promote inflammatory responses, e.g. in the context of cancer therapy, but may also provide new therapeutic targets to counteract chronic inflammation in the context of various chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo S Hansen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique L P Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Frontera ED, Khansa RM, Schalk DL, Leakan LE, Guerin-Edbauer TJ, Ratnam M, Gorski DH, Speyer CL. IgA Fc-folate conjugate activates and recruits neutrophils to directly target triple-negative breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:551-560. [PMID: 30155754 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE According to the American Cancer Society, 1 in 8 women in the U.S. will develop breast cancer, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprising 15-20% of all breast cancer cases. TNBC is an aggressive subtype due to its high metastatic potential and lack of targeted therapy. Recently, folate receptor alpha (FRA) is found to be expressed on 80% of TNBC with high expression correlating with poor prognosis. In this study, we examined whether binding IgA Fc-folate molecules to FRA receptors on TNBC cells can elicit and induce neutrophils (PMNs), by binding their FcαR1 receptors, to destroy TNBC cells. METHODS FRA was analyzed on TNBC cells and binding assays were performed using 3H-folate. Fc-folate was synthesized by linking Fc fragments of IgA via amine groups to folate. Binding specificity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) potential of Fc-folate to FcαR1 were confirmed by measuring PMN adhesion and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release in a cell-based ELISA. Fc-folate binding to FRA-expressing TNBC cells inducing PMNs to destroy these cells was determined using 51Cr-release and calcein-labeling assays. RESULTS Our results demonstrate expression of FRA on TNBC cells at levels consistent with folate binding. Fc-folate binds with high affinity to FRA compared to whole IgA-folate and induces MPO release from PMN when bound to FcαR1. Fc-folate inhibited binding of 3H-folate to TNBC cells and induced significant cell lysis of TNBC cells when incubated in the presence of PMNs. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that an IgA Fc-folate conjugate can destroy TNBC cells by eliciting PMN-mediated ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Frontera
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 4707 St. Antoine, Box 402, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Rafa M Khansa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 4707 St. Antoine, Box 402, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Dana L Schalk
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave., I MSB 7191 West Complex I, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Lauren E Leakan
- Wayne State University, 42 West Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Tracey J Guerin-Edbauer
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St., Mailcode HW08AO, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Manohar Ratnam
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - David H Gorski
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St., Mailcode HW08AO, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Cecilia L Speyer
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St., Mailcode HW08AO, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Tumor Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a major immunoglobulin isotype in the gut and plays a role in maintenance of gut homeostasis. Secretory IgA (SIgA) has multiple functions in the gut, such as to regulate microbiota composition, to protect intestinal epithelium from pathogenic microorganisms, and to help for immune-system development. The liver is the front-line organ that receives gut-derived products through the portal vein, implying that the liver could be severely affected by a disrupted intestinal homeostasis. Indeed, some liver diseases like alcoholic liver disease are associated with an altered composition of gut microbiota and increased blood endotoxin levels. Therefore, deficiency of SIgA function appears as a significant factor for the pathogenesis of liver diseases associated with altered gut microbiome. In this review, we describe SIgA functions on the gut microbiome and discuss the role of IgA for liver diseases, especially alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Inamine
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8102 Japan
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, MC0063, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161 USA
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16
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Aleyd E, Heineke MH, van Egmond M. The era of the immunoglobulin A Fc receptor FcαRI; its function and potential as target in disease. Immunol Rev 2015; 268:123-38. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esil Aleyd
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marieke H. Heineke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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17
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The long elusive IgM Fc receptor, FcμR. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34 Suppl 1:S35-45. [PMID: 24793544 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
IgM exists as both a monomer on the surface of B cells and a pentamer secreted by plasma cells. Both pre-immune "natural" and antigen-induced "immune" IgM antibodies are important for protective immunity and for immune regulation of autoimmune processes by recognizing pathogens and self-antigens. Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of IgM, such as complement and complement receptors, have thus far been proposed but fail to fully account for the IgM-mediated protection and regulation. A major reason for this deficit in our understanding of IgM function seems to be lack of data on a long elusive Fc receptor for IgM (FcμR). We have recently identified a bona fide FcμR in both humans and mice. In this article we briefly review what we have learned so far about FcμR.
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18
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Kubagawa H, Kubagawa Y, Jones D, Nasti TH, Walter MR, Honjo K. The old but new IgM Fc receptor (FcμR). Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 382:3-28. [PMID: 25116093 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07911-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IgM is the first Ig isotype to appear during phylogeny, ontogeny and the immune response. The importance of both pre-immune "natural" and antigen-induced "immune" IgM antibodies in immune responses to pathogens and self-antigens has been established by studies of mutant mice deficient in IgM secretion. Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of IgM, such as complement and complement receptors, have thus far been proposed, but fail to fully account for the IgM-mediated immune protection and regulation of immune responses. Particularly, the role of the Fc receptor for IgM (FcμR) in such effector functions has not been explored until recently. We have identified an authentic FcμR in humans using a functional cloning strategy and subsequently in mice by RT-PCR and describe here its salient features and the immunological consequences of FcμR deficiency in mice. Since the FcμR we cloned was identical to Toso or Fas inhibitory molecule 3 (FAIM3), there have been spirited debates regarding the real function of FcμR/Toso/FAIM3 and we will also comment on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kubagawa
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35209, USA,
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19
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Slack E, Balmer ML, Fritz JH, Hapfelmeier S. Functional flexibility of intestinal IgA - broadening the fine line. Front Immunol 2012; 3:100. [PMID: 22563329 PMCID: PMC3342566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria outnumber our own human cells in conditions of both health and disease. It has long been recognized that secretory antibody, particularly IgA, is produced in response to these microbes and hypothesized that this must play an important role in defining the relationship between a host and its intestinal microbes. However, the exact role of IgA and the mechanisms by which IgA can act are only beginning to be understood. In this review we attempt to unravel the complex interaction between so-called “natural,” “primitive” (T-cell-independent), and “classical” IgA responses, the nature of the intestinal microbiota/intestinal pathogens and the highly flexible dynamic homeostasis of the mucosal immune system. Such an analysis reveals that low-affinity IgA is sufficient to protect the host from excess mucosal immune activation induced by harmless commensal microbes. However, affinity-maturation of “classical” IgA is essential to provide protection from more invasive commensal species such as segmented filamentous bacteria and from true pathogens such as Salmonellatyphimurium. Thus a correlation is revealed between “sophistication” of the IgA response and aggressiveness of the challenge. A second emerging theme is that more-invasive species take advantage of host inflammatory mechanisms to more successfully compete with the resident microbiota. In many cases, the function of IgA may be to limit such inflammatory responses, either directly by coagulating or inhibiting virulence of bacteria before they can interact with the host or by modulating immune signaling induced by host recognition. Therefore IgA appears to provide an added layer of robustness in the intestinal ecosystem, promoting “commensal-like” behavior of its residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Slack
- Institute for Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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The human immunoglobulin A Fc receptor FcαRI: a multifaceted regulator of mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2011; 4:612-24. [PMID: 21937986 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is commonly recognized as the most prevalent antibody (Ab) at mucosal sites with an important role in defense by shielding mucosal surfaces from invasion by pathogens. However, its potential to both actively dampen excessive immune responses or to initiate potent proinflammatory cellular processes is less well known. Interestingly, either functional outcome is mediated through interaction with the myeloid IgA Fc receptor FcαRI (CD89). Monomeric interaction of IgA with FcαRI triggers inhibitory signals that block activation via other receptors, whereas multimeric FcαRI crosslinking induces phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, antigen presentation, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and cytokine release. Thus, FcαRI acts as a regulator between anti- and proinflammatory responses of IgA. As such, the biology of FcαRI, and its multifaceted role in immunity will be the focus of this review.
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21
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Enhanced levels of both the membrane-bound and soluble forms of IgM Fc receptor (FcμR) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2011; 118:4902-9. [PMID: 21908424 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-04-350793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of an IgM-Fc receptor (FcμR) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was suggested more than 30 years ago, but its authenticity has never been formally addressed. We examined the expression of the recently identified FcμR by B and T cells in CLL patients using receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies. CLL B cells (CD5(+)/CD19(+)) expressed much higher levels of FcμR on their cell surface than B cells from healthy donors. Such enhanced expression was more evident in immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV)-mutated, CD38(-) or early Rai-stage CLL than in IGHV-unmutated, CD38(+), or advanced Rai-stage CLL. Intriguingly, surface FcμR levels also were significantly elevated in the non-CLL B cells (CD5(-)/CD19(+)) and T cells (CD5(+)/CD19(-)), especially in IGHV-mutated CLL. CLL patients also had high serum titers of FcμR compared with healthy donors, and serum FcμR levels correlated significantly with circulating lymphocyte numbers but not with the IGHV mutation status or Rai stage. The serum FcμR was resolved as an ∼ 40-kDa protein, distinct from the cell surface FcμR of ∼ 60 kDa, and it was produced by both CLL B and non-CLL B cells. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the serum FcμR is a soluble form of the receptor encoded by an alternatively spliced FcμR transcript. These findings indicate enhanced levels of both membrane-bound and soluble forms of FcμR in CLL patients.
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22
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Immunization with PCEP microparticles containing pertussis toxoid, CpG ODN and a synthetic innate defense regulator peptide induces protective immunity against pertussis. Vaccine 2011; 29:6540-8. [PMID: 21771625 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of a novel microparticle (MP) based vaccine formulation consisting of pertussis toxoid (PTd), polyphosphazene (PCEP), CpG ODN 10101 and synthetic cationic innate defense regulator peptide 1002 (IDR) against Bordetella pertussis in mice. We studied whether encapsulation of these IDR-CpG ODN complexes into polyphosphazene-based microparticles further enhanced their immunomodulatory activity compared to soluble formulations containing PCEP (SOL), or without PCEP (AQ). In vitro stimulation of murine macrophages showed MP induced significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. When assessed in a B. pertussis infection challenge model, a single immunization with MP formulation led to significantly lower bacterial loads compared to other formulations and non-vaccinated animals. ELISPOT of splenocytes showed that MP group mice had significantly higher number of antigen-specific IL-17 secreting cells. The cytokine profile in lung homogenates of MP group mice after challenge showed significantly higher amounts of MCP-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-17 and significantly lowered IL-10 levels suggesting a strong Th1 shift. Protection was observed against challenge infection with B. pertussis. On the other hand protective immune responses elicited in Quadracel(®) immunized mice were Th2 skewed. Hence, we conclude that formulation of PTd, PCEP, CpG ODN and IDR into MP generates a protective immune response in mice against pertussis emphasizing the potential of MP as a delivery vehicle for the potential development of single-shot vaccines.
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23
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Abstract
Although immunoglobulin (Ig) A is commonly recognized as the most prevalent antibody subclass at mucosal sites with an important role in mucosal defense, its potential as a therapeutic monoclonal antibody is less well known. However, IgA has multifaceted anti-, non-, and pro-inflammatory functions that can be exploited for different immunotherapeutical strategies, which will be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantine E Bakema
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Strait RT, Mahler A, Hogan S, Khodoun M, Shibuya A, Finkelman FD. Ingested allergens must be absorbed systemically to induce systemic anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:982-9.e1. [PMID: 21354602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated food allergy is a common cause of enteric disease and is responsible for approximately 100 systemic anaphylaxis deaths in the United States each year. IgG antibodies can protect against IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis induced by injected antigens by neutralizing antigens before they can bind to mast cell-associated IgE. OBJECTIVE We have investigated whether IgA and IgG antibodies can similarly protect against systemic, IgE-mediated anaphylaxis induced by ingested antigens and, if so, whether IgA and IgG antibodies protect by neutralizing antigens before or after their systemic absorption. METHODS Murine passive and active anaphylaxis models were used to study the abilities of serum versus gut lumenal IgA antibodies and serum IgG antibodies to inhibit systemic anaphylaxis induced by ingested allergens in normal mice, mice deficient in the ability to secrete IgA into the intestines, and mice in which intestinal IL-9 overexpression has induced intestinal mastocytosis and increased intestinal permeability. RESULTS IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis and mast cell degranulation induced by antigen ingestion are suppressed by both serum antigen-specific IgA and IgG, but not by IgA within the gut lumen. CONCLUSION Systemic rather than enteric antibodies protect against systemic anaphylaxis induced by ingested antigen. This implies that ingested antigens must be absorbed systemically to induce anaphylaxis and suggests that immunization protocols that increase serum levels of antigen-specific, non-IgE antibodies should protect against severe food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Strait
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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25
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Abstract
The aggregation of cell surface Fc receptors by immune complexes induces a number of important antibody-dependent effector functions. It is becoming increasingly evident that the organization of key immune proteins has a significant impact on the function of these proteins. Comparatively little is known, however, about the nature of Fc receptor spatiotemporal organization. This review outlines the current literature concerning human Fc receptor spatial organization and physiological function.
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26
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Abi-Rached L, Dorighi K, Norman PJ, Yawata M, Parham P. Episodes of Natural Selection Shaped the Interactions of IgA-Fc with FcαRI and Bacterial Decoy Proteins. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:7943-54. [PMID: 17548632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FcalphaRI, a receptor for IgA-Fc, recruits myeloid cells to attack IgA-coated pathogens. By competing with FcalphaRI for IgA, bacterial decoys, like SSL7 of Staphylococcus aureus, subvert this defense. We examined how pathogen selection has driven the diversification and coevolution of IgA and FcalphaRI. In higher primates, the IgA binding site of FcalphaRI diversified under positive selection, a strong episode occurring in hominoid ancestors about the time of the IgA gene duplication. The differential binding of SSL7 to IgA-Fc of different species correlates with substitution at seven positions in IgA-Fc, two of which were positively selected in higher primates. Two others, which reduce SSL7 binding, emerged during episodes of positive selection in the rabbit and rodent lineages. The FcalphaRI-IgA interaction evolves episodically under two types of positive selection: pressure from pathogen decoys selects for IgA escape variants which, in turn, selects for FcalphaRI variants to keep up with the novel IgA. When FcalphaRI cannot keep up, its function is lost and the gene becomes susceptible to elimination, as occurred in the mouse genome, either by chance or selection on one of the many linked, variable immune system genes. A cluster of positively selected residues presents a putative binding site for unknown IgA-binding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Abi-Rached
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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