1
|
Naz FF, Shah KU, Niazi ZR, Zaman M, Lim V, Alfatama M. Polymeric Microparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation for Pulmonary Delivery of Rifampicin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2491. [PMID: 35746067 PMCID: PMC9230634 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifampicin, a potent broad-spectrum antibiotic, remains the backbone of anti-tubercular therapy. However, it can cause severe hepatotoxicity when given orally. To overcome the limitations of the current oral therapy, this study designed inhalable spray-dried, rifampicin-loaded microparticles using aloe vera powder as an immune modulator, with varying concentrations of alginate and L-leucine. The microparticles were assessed for their physicochemical properties, in vitro drug release and aerodynamic behavior. The spray-dried powders were 2 to 4 µm in size with a percentage yield of 45 to 65%. The particles were nearly spherical with the tendency of agglomeration as depicted from Carr’s index (37 to 65) and Hausner’s ratios (>1.50). The drug content ranged from 0.24 to 0.39 mg/mg, with an association efficiency of 39.28 to 96.15%. The dissolution data depicts that the in vitro release of rifampicin from microparticles was significantly retarded with a higher L-leucine concentration in comparison to those formulations containing a higher sodium alginate concentration due to its hydrophobic nature. The aerodynamic data depicts that 60 to 70% of the aerosol mass was emitted from an inhaler with MMAD values of 1.44 to 1.60 µm and FPF of 43.22 to 55.70%. The higher FPF values with retarded in vitro release could allow sufficient time for the phagocytosis of synthesized microparticles by alveolar macrophages, thereby leading to the eradication of M. tuberculosis from these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiqa Falak Naz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (F.F.N.); (K.U.S.); (Z.R.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (F.F.N.); (K.U.S.); (Z.R.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Zahid Rasul Niazi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (F.F.N.); (K.U.S.); (Z.R.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mansoor Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (F.F.N.); (K.U.S.); (Z.R.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mulham Alfatama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santos AP, Ribeiro-Alves M, Corrêa R, Lopes I, Silva MA, Mafort TT, Leung J, Rodrigues LS, Rufino R. Hyporexia and cellular/biochemical characteristics of pleural fluid as predictive variables on a model for pleural tuberculosis diagnosis. J Bras Pneumol 2022; 48:e20210245. [PMID: 34909921 PMCID: PMC8946557 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20210245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Pleural tuberculosis (PlTB) diagnosis is a challenge due to its paucibacillary nature and to the need of invasive procedures. This study aimed to identify easily available variables and build a predictive model for PlTB diagnosis which may allow earlier and affordable alternative strategy to be used in basic health care units. Methods An observational cross-sectional study compared PlTB and non-TB patients followed at a tertiary Brazilian hospital between 2010 and 2018. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed and a Decision Tree Classifier (DTC) model was validated and applied in additional PlTB patients with empiric diagnosis. The accuracy (Acc), sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results From 1,135 TB patients, 160 were considered for analysis (111 confirmed PlTB and 49 unconfirmed PlTB). Indeed, 58 non-TB patients were enrolled as controls. Hyporexia [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 27.39 (95% CI 6.26 – 119.89)] and cellular/biochemical characteristics on pleural fluid (PF) (polimorphonuclear in two categories: 3-14% aOR 26.22, 95% CI 7.11 – 96.68 and < 3% aOR 28.67, 95% CI 5.51 – 149.25; and protein ≥ 5g/dL aOR 7.24, 95% CI 3.07 – 17.11) were associated with higher risk for TB. The DTC constructed using these variables showed Acc=87.6%, Se=89.2%, Sp=84.5% for PlTB diagnosis and was successfully applied in unconfirmed PlTB patients. Conclusion The DTC model showed an excellent performance for PlTB diagnosis and can be considered as an alternative diagnostic strategy by using clinical patterns in association with PF cellular/biochemical characteristics, which were affordable and easily performed in basic health care units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santos
- Departamento de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | - Raquel Corrêa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | - Isabelle Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | - Mariana Almeida Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | - Thiago Thomaz Mafort
- Departamento de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | - Janaina Leung
- Departamento de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | - Luciana Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| | - Rogério Rufino
- Departamento de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Parker HA, Forrester L, Kaldor CD, Dickerhof N, Hampton MB. Antimicrobial Activity of Neutrophils Against Mycobacteria. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782495. [PMID: 35003097 PMCID: PMC8732375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycobacterium genus contains a broad range of species, including the human pathogens M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. These bacteria are best known for their residence inside host cells. Neutrophils are frequently observed at sites of mycobacterial infection, but their role in clearance is not well understood. In this review, we discuss how neutrophils attempt to control mycobacterial infections, either through the ingestion of bacteria into intracellular phagosomes, or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Despite their powerful antimicrobial activity, including the production of reactive oxidants such as hypochlorous acid, neutrophils appear ineffective in killing pathogenic mycobacteria. We explore mycobacterial resistance mechanisms, and how thwarting neutrophil action exacerbates disease pathology. A better understanding of how mycobacteria protect themselves from neutrophils will aid the development of novel strategies that facilitate bacterial clearance and limit host tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark B. Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rivero-Lezcano OM, Blanco-Conde S, López-Medrano R, López-Fidalgo E, Caño-Herrero M, Nebreda-Mayoral T. Blood antimicrobial activity varies against different Mycobacterium spp. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 107:80-87. [PMID: 29050776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro analysis of mycobacterial pathogenicity or host susceptibility has traditionally relied on the infection of macrophages, the target cell of mycobacteria, despite difficulties reproducing their antimycobacterial activity. We have employed alternative models, namely whole blood and leukocytes in plasma, from QuantiFERON negative individuals, and performed infections with the pathogenic M. tuberculosis, the less pathogenic M. avium, M. kansasii and M. chelonae and the occasionally pathogenic M. gordonae and M. bovis. The anticoagulant used in blood extraction, heparin or EDTA, had a major influence in the outcome of the infection. Thus, while in the heparinized models a similar number of bacteria were enumerated in the inoculum and after seven days, in the presence of EDTA a killing effect was observed, despite the inhibitory effect of EDTA on cellular functions like the production of cytokines or reactive oxygen species (ROS). A special case was the rapidly growing mycobacteria M. chelonae, that multiplied in heparinized models but was eliminated in models with EDTA. We verified that EDTA is not responsible for the bactericidal effect, but acts as a bacteriostatic agent. Further work will determine whether blood derived models are a better alternative to the classical macrophage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Miguel Rivero-Lezcano
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24008 León, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain; Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Soria, Spain.
| | - Sara Blanco-Conde
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Ramiro López-Medrano
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital del Bierzo, Médicos sin Fronteras, 7, Fuentesnuevas-Ponferrada, 24404 León, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Fidalgo
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Manuela Caño-Herrero
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Teresa Nebreda-Mayoral
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Infection with M. tuberculosis remains one of the most common infections in the world. The outcome of the infection depends on host ability to mount effective protection and balance inflammatory responses. Neutrophils are innate immune cells implicated in both processes. Accordingly, during M. tuberculosis infection, they play a dual role. Particularly, they contribute to the generation of effector T cells, participate in the formation of granuloma, and are directly involved in tissue necrosis, destruction, and infection dissemination. Neutrophils have a high bactericidal potential. However, data on their ability to eliminate M. tuberculosis are controversial, and the results of neutrophil depletion experiments are not uniform. Thus, the overall roles of neutrophils during M. tuberculosis infection and factors that determine these roles are not fully understood. This review analyzes data on neutrophil defensive and pathological functions during tuberculosis and considers hypotheses explaining the dualism of neutrophils during M. tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
López-Medrano R, Guerra-Laso JM, López-Fidalgo E, Diez-Tascón C, García-García S, Blanco-Conde S, Rivero-Lezcano OM. Plasma contributes to the antimicrobial activity of whole blood against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Innate Immun 2016; 22:557-66. [PMID: 27554054 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916663311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The whole blood model for infection has proven useful to analyze the immunological response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, because it exerts a significant antimicrobial activity. Although this activity has been generally assumed to be cellular, we have found that the leukocyte fraction of blood from healthy volunteers did not kill the bacilli. We have discovered that plasma was responsible for a large proportion, but not all, of the antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, infected monocytes controlled the mycobacterial multiplication when cultivated in the presence of plasma. Intriguingly, serum from the same donors did not share this activity, although it was able to eliminate the non-pathogenic Mycobacterium gordonae To identify the remaining components that participate in the antimycobacterial activity we fractionated blood in leukocytes, plasma, erythrocytes and platelets, and analyzed the bactericidal power of each fraction and their combinations using a factorial design. We found that erythrocytes, but not platelets, participated and showed by flow cytometry that mycobacteria physically associated with erythrocytes. We propose that in exposed healthy individuals that show 'early clearance' of the mycobacteria, the innate response is predominantly humoral, probably through the effect of antimicrobial peptides and proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Guerra-Laso
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, (CAULE), León, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Fidalgo
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), León, Spain
| | - Cristina Diez-Tascón
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), León, Spain Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Silvia García-García
- Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), León, Spain
| | - Sara Blanco-Conde
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), León, Spain
| | - Octavio Miguel Rivero-Lezcano
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), León, Spain Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hodgkinson JW, Ge JQ, Katzenback BA, Havixbeck JJ, Barreda DR, Stafford JL, Belosevic M. Development of an in vitro model system to study the interactions between Mycobacterium marinum and teleost neutrophils. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 53:349-357. [PMID: 26231477 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The lack of a reliable mammalian neutrophil in vitro culture system has restricted our ability to examine their precise roles in mycobacterial infections. Previously, we developed the procedures for the isolation and culture of primary kidney-derived neutrophil-like cells from goldfish that are functionally and morphologically similar to mammalian neutrophils. The cultured primary goldfish neutrophils exhibited prolonged viability and functional effector responses. In this study, we demonstrate that when exposed to live or heat-killed Mycobacterium marinum, goldfish neutrophils increased their mRNA levels for several pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-1β1, il-1β2, tnfα-1, tnfα-2) and the cytokine receptors (ifngr1-1, tnfr1, tnfr2). These neutrophils also exhibited chemotaxis toward live mycobacteria, internalized the bacilli, and produced reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in response to pathogen exposure. The survival of intracellular mycobacteria was significantly reduced in activated neutrophils, indicating a robust killing response by these teleost granulocytes. We suggest that this goldfish primary neutrophil in vitro model system will provide important information regarding neutrophil-mediated host defense mechanisms against mycobacteria in teleosts as well as in higher vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Hodgkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jun-Qing Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Barbara A Katzenback
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Havixbeck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James L Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nouailles G, Dorhoi A, Koch M, Zerrahn J, Weiner J, Faé KC, Arrey F, Kuhlmann S, Bandermann S, Loewe D, Mollenkopf HJ, Vogelzang A, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Mittrücker HW, McEwen G, Kaufmann SHE. CXCL5-secreting pulmonary epithelial cells drive destructive neutrophilic inflammation in tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1268-82. [PMID: 24509076 DOI: 10.1172/jci72030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful host defense against numerous pulmonary infections depends on bacterial clearance by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs); however, excessive PMN accumulation can result in life-threatening lung injury. Local expression of CXC chemokines is critical for PMN recruitment. The impact of chemokine-dependent PMN recruitment during pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed expression of genes encoding CXC chemokines in M. tuberculosis-infected murine lung tissue and found that M. tuberculosis infection promotes upregulation of Cxcr2 and its ligand Cxcl5. To determine the contribution of CXCL5 in pulmonary PMN recruitment, we generated Cxcl5(-/-) mice and analyzed their immune response against M. tuberculosis. Both Cxcr2(-/-) mice and Cxcl5(-/-) mice, which are deficient for only one of numerous CXCR2 ligands, exhibited enhanced survival compared with that of WT mice following high-dose M. tuberculosis infection. The resistance of Cxcl5(-/-) mice to M. tuberculosis infection was not due to heightened M. tuberculosis clearance but was the result of impaired PMN recruitment, which reduced pulmonary inflammation. Lung epithelial cells were the main source of CXCL5 upon M. tuberculosis infection, and secretion of CXCL5 was reduced by blocking TLR2 signaling. Together, our data indicate that TLR2-induced epithelial-derived CXCL5 is critical for PMN-driven destructive inflammation in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Guerra-Laso JM, González-García S, González-Cortés C, Diez-Tascón C, López-Medrano R, Rivero-Lezcano OM. Macrophages from elders are more permissive to intracellular multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1235-50. [PMID: 22791369 PMCID: PMC3705107 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The elderly account for a disproportionate share of all tuberculosis cases, and the population ageing may not fully explain this phenomenon. We have performed in vitro infection experiments to investigate whether there is an immunological basis for the apparent susceptibility of elders to tuberculosis. In our infection model, Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a higher production of interleukin (IL)-6 and reactive oxygen species in macrophages from elders than from younger adults. This response did not prevent, however, an increased multiplication of M. tuberculosis in macrophages from elders as compared with the growth observed within cells from adults. By performing a factorial experiment, we have found that IFN-γ, but not IL-1β, IL-6 or TNF-α, stimulate the macrophages to restrict the multiplication of the bacterium in macrophages from elders. Although monocytes from elders seem to be in a higher level of activation, we present evidences that protein tyrosine phosphorylation response induced by M. tuberculosis is stronger in monocytes from adults than from elders. Using a protein array that detects 71 tyrosine phosphorylated kinases, we identified Pyk2 as the only kinase that displayed a difference of intensity larger than 50 % in adults than in elders. Furthermore, monocytes from elders that were incubated in the presence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (genistein and PP2) allowed a higher level of bacterial multiplication. These observations may help to explain the susceptibility of elders to tuberculosis. An unexpected result was that both genistein and its negative control, daidzein, abundant soy isoflavones, promoted intracellular mycobacterial growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Guerra-Laso
- />Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de León, Altos de Nava s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Sandra González-García
- />Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de León, Edif. S. Antonio Abad, Altos de Nava s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Carolina González-Cortés
- />Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de León, Edif. S. Antonio Abad, Altos de Nava s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Cristina Diez-Tascón
- />Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de León, Altos de Nava s/n, 24008 León, Spain
| | - Ramiro López-Medrano
- />Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Comarcal del Bierzo, Médicos sin Fronteras, 7, 24411 Fuentesnuevas, Spain
| | - Octavio M. Rivero-Lezcano
- />Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de León, Edif. S. Antonio Abad, Altos de Nava s/n, 24008 León, Spain
- />Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, Parque de Santa Clara s/n, 42002 Soria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rivero-Lezcano OM. In vitro infection of human cells with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Yang CT, Cambier CJ, Davis JM, Hall CJ, Crosier PS, Ramakrishnan L. Neutrophils exert protection in the early tuberculous granuloma by oxidative killing of mycobacteria phagocytosed from infected macrophages. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 12:301-12. [PMID: 22980327 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are typically the first responders in host defense against invading pathogens, which they destroy by both oxidative and nonoxidative mechanisms. However, despite a longstanding recognition of neutrophil presence at disease sites in tuberculosis, their role in defense against mycobacteria is unclear. Here we exploit the genetic tractability and optical transparency of zebrafish to monitor neutrophil behavior and its consequences during infection with Mycobacterium marinum, a natural fish pathogen. In contrast to macrophages, neutrophils do not interact with mycobacteria at initial infection sites. Neutrophils are subsequently recruited to the nascent granuloma in response to signals from dying infected macrophages within the granuloma, which they phagocytose. Some neutrophils then rapidly kill the internalized mycobacteria through NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanisms. Our results provide a mechanistic link to the observed patterns of neutrophils in human tuberculous granulomas and the susceptibility of humans with chronic granulomatous disease to mycobacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Tsung Yang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Corleis B, Korbel D, Wilson R, Bylund J, Chee R, Schaible UE. Escape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from oxidative killing by neutrophils. Cell Microbiol 2012; 14:1109-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
13
|
Neutrophils in tuberculosis: friend or foe? Trends Immunol 2011; 33:14-25. [PMID: 22094048 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of mycobacterial infection, where they phagocytose bacilli. Whether neutrophils can kill mycobacteria in vivo probably depends on the tissue microenvironment, stage of infection, individual host, and infecting organism. The interaction of neutrophils with macrophages, as well as the downstream effects on T cell activity, could result in a range of outcomes from early clearance of infection to dissemination of viable bacteria together with an attenuated acquired immune response. In established disease, neutrophils accumulate in situations of high pathogen load or immunological dysfunction, and are likely to contribute to pathology. These activities may have clinical importance in terms of new treatments, targeted interventions and vaccine strategies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Apoptosis and oxidative burst in neutrophils infected with Mycobacterium spp. Immunol Lett 2009; 126:16-21. [PMID: 19616580 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two of the better characterized antimicrobial mechanisms displayed by human neutrophils are the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the induction of apoptosis. Their importance in mycobacterial infections is, however, controversial and we aimed to analyze them simultaneously in neutrophils infected with either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or the non-pathogenic M. gordonae. Neither species is eliminated by neutrophils but the pattern exhibited for both activities is completely different. M. tuberculosis induces ROS production and apoptosis but M. gordonae does not. Additional evidence was provided by an attenuated strain of M. gordonae that, although it has become susceptible to the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils, it still does not promote ROS production or apoptosis. Therefore no relationship could be established between any of these activities and the ability of neutrophils to kill mycobacteria. We have also observed that neutrophil concentration, a variable that is important in the antimicrobial activity against other pathogens, has no influence in the mycobacterial intracellular growth.
Collapse
|
15
|
Spörri R, Joller N, Hilbi H, Oxenius A. A novel role for neutrophils as critical activators of NK cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:7121-30. [PMID: 18981133 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.7121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential players in innate immune responses to bacterial infection. Despite the striking resistance of Legionella pneumophila (Lpn) to bactericidal neutrophil function, neutrophil granulocytes are important effectors in the resolution of legionellosis. Indeed, mice depleted of neutrophils were unable to clear Lpn due to a lack of the critical cytokine IFN-gamma, which is produced by NK cells. We demonstrate that this can be ascribed to a previously unappreciated role of neutrophils as major NK cell activators. In response to Lpn infection, neutrophils activate caspase-1 and produce mature IL-18, which is indispensable for the activation of NK cells. Furthermore, we show that the IL-12p70 response in Lpn-infected neutropenic mice is also severely reduced and that the Lpn-induced IFN-gamma production by NK cells is strictly dependent on IL-12. However, since dendritic cells, and not neutrophils, are the source of Lpn-induced IL-12, its paucity is a consequence of the absence of IFN-gamma produced by NK cells rather than the absence of neutrophils per se. Therefore, neutrophil-derived IL-18, in combination with dendritic cell-produced IL-12, triggers IFN-gamma synthesis in NK cells in Lpn-infected mice. We propose a novel central role for neutrophils as essential IL-18 producers and hence NK cell "helpers" in bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Spörri
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Microbiology, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|