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Kadavá T, Hevler JF, Kalaidopoulou Nteak S, Yin VC, Strasser J, Preiner J, Heck AJ. Higher-order structure and proteoforms of co-occurring C4b-binding protein assemblies in human serum. EMBO J 2024; 43:3009-3026. [PMID: 38811852 PMCID: PMC11251186 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement is a conserved cascade that plays a central role in the innate immune system. To maintain a delicate equilibrium preventing excessive complement activation, complement inhibitors are essential. One of the major fluid-phase complement inhibitors is C4b-binding protein (C4BP). Human C4BP is a macromolecular glycoprotein composed of two distinct subunits, C4BPα and C4BPβ. These associate with vitamin K-dependent protein S (ProS) forming an ensemble of co-occurring higher-order structures. Here, we characterize these C4BP assemblies. We resolve and quantify isoforms of purified human serum C4BP using distinct single-particle detection techniques: charge detection mass spectrometry, and mass photometry accompanied by high-speed atomic force microscopy. Combining cross-linking mass spectrometry, glycoproteomics, and structural modeling, we report comprehensive glycoproteoform profiles and full-length structural models of the endogenous C4BP assemblies, expanding knowledge of this key complement inhibitor's structure and composition. Finally, we reveal that an increased C4BPα to C4BPβ ratio coincides with elevated C-reactive protein levels in patient plasma samples. This observation highlights C4BP isoform variation and affirms a distinct role of co-occurring C4BP assemblies upon acute phase inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Kadavá
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes F Hevler
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Sofia Kalaidopoulou Nteak
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Victor C Yin
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Juergen Strasser
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Preiner
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Albert Jr Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands.
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands.
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2
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Amer R, Koriat A. Aqueous humor perturbations in chronic smokers: a proteomic study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11279. [PMID: 38760463 PMCID: PMC11101467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of smoking are multisystemic and its effects on the eye health are significant. Smoking is a strong risk factor for age-related nuclear cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, delayed corneal epithelial healing and increased risk of cystoid macular edema in patients with intermediate uveitis among others. We aimed to characterize the aqueous humor (AH) proteome in chronic smokers to gain insight into its perturbations and to identify potential biomarkers for smoking-associated ocular pathologies. Compared to the control group, chronic smokers displayed 67 (37 upregulated, 30 downregulated) differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Analysis of DEPs from the biological point of view revealed that they were proteins involved in complement activation, lymphocyte mediated immunity, innate immune response, cellular oxidant detoxification, bicarbonate transport and platelet degranulation. From the molecular function point of view, DEPs were involved in oxygen binding, oxygen carrier activity, hemoglobin binding, peptidase/endopeptidase/cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitory activity. Several of the upregulated proteins were acute phase reactant proteins such as clusterin, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, fibrinogen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, C4b-binding protein and serum amyloid A-2. Further research should confirm if these proteins might serve as biomarkers or therapeutic target for smoking-associated ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radgonde Amer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Adi Koriat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Enríquez-Rodríguez CJ, Pascual-Guardia S, Casadevall C, Caguana-Vélez OA, Rodríguez-Chiaradia D, Barreiro E, Gea J. Proteomic Blood Profiles Obtained by Totally Blind Biological Clustering in Stable and Exacerbated COPD Patients. Cells 2024; 13:866. [PMID: 38786086 PMCID: PMC11119172 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is highly prevalent, it is often underdiagnosed. One of the main characteristics of this heterogeneous disease is the presence of periods of acute clinical impairment (exacerbations). Obtaining blood biomarkers for either COPD as a chronic entity or its exacerbations (AECOPD) will be particularly useful for the clinical management of patients. However, most of the earlier studies have been characterized by potential biases derived from pre-existing hypotheses in one or more of their analysis steps: some studies have only targeted molecules already suggested by pre-existing knowledge, and others had initially carried out a blind search but later compared the detected biomarkers among well-predefined clinical groups. We hypothesized that a clinically blind cluster analysis on the results of a non-hypothesis-driven wide proteomic search would determine an unbiased grouping of patients, potentially reflecting their endotypes and/or clinical characteristics. To check this hypothesis, we included the plasma samples from 24 clinically stable COPD patients, 10 additional patients with AECOPD, and 10 healthy controls. The samples were analyzed through label-free liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the Scikit-learn machine learning module and K-means were used for clustering the individuals based solely on their proteomic profiles. The obtained clusters were confronted with clinical groups only at the end of the entire procedure. Although our clusters were unable to differentiate stable COPD patients from healthy individuals, they segregated those patients with AECOPD from the patients in stable conditions (sensitivity 80%, specificity 79%, and global accuracy, 79.4%). Moreover, the proteins involved in the blind grouping process to identify AECOPD were associated with five biological processes: inflammation, humoral immune response, blood coagulation, modulation of lipid metabolism, and complement system pathways. Even though the present results merit an external validation, our results suggest that the present blinded approach may be useful to segregate AECOPD from stability in both the clinical setting and trials, favoring more personalized medicine and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Jessé Enríquez-Rodríguez
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar—IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.E.-R.); (S.P.-G.); (C.C.); (O.A.C.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (E.B.)
- MELIS Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERES, ISCiii, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- BRN, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Pascual-Guardia
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar—IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.E.-R.); (S.P.-G.); (C.C.); (O.A.C.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (E.B.)
- MELIS Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERES, ISCiii, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- BRN, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Casadevall
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar—IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.E.-R.); (S.P.-G.); (C.C.); (O.A.C.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (E.B.)
- MELIS Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERES, ISCiii, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- BRN, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Antonio Caguana-Vélez
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar—IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.E.-R.); (S.P.-G.); (C.C.); (O.A.C.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (E.B.)
- MELIS Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERES, ISCiii, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- BRN, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Chiaradia
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar—IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.E.-R.); (S.P.-G.); (C.C.); (O.A.C.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (E.B.)
- MELIS Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERES, ISCiii, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- BRN, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar—IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.E.-R.); (S.P.-G.); (C.C.); (O.A.C.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (E.B.)
- MELIS Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERES, ISCiii, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- BRN, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar—IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.J.E.-R.); (S.P.-G.); (C.C.); (O.A.C.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (E.B.)
- MELIS Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERES, ISCiii, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- BRN, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Kiseleva OI, Pyatnitskiy MA, Arzumanian VA, Kurbatov IY, Ilinsky VV, Ilgisonis EV, Plotnikova OA, Sharafetdinov KK, Tutelyan VA, Nikityuk DB, Ponomarenko EA, Poverennaya EV. Multiomics Picture of Obesity in Young Adults. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:272. [PMID: 38666884 PMCID: PMC11048234 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a socially significant disease that is characterized by a disproportionate accumulation of fat. It is also associated with chronic inflammation, cancer, diabetes, and other comorbidities. Investigating biomarkers and pathological processes linked to obesity is especially vital for young individuals, given their increased potential for lifestyle modifications. By comparing the genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiles of individuals categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, we aimed to determine which omics layer most accurately reflects the phenotypic changes in an organism that result from obesity. We profiled blood plasma samples by employing three omics methodologies. The untargeted GC×GC-MS metabolomics approach identified 313 metabolites. To augment the metabolomic dataset, we integrated a label-free HPLC-MS/MS proteomics method, leading to the identification of 708 proteins. The genomic layer encompassed the genotyping of 647,250 SNPs. Utilizing omics data, we trained sparse Partial Least Squares models to predict body mass index. Molecular features exhibiting frequently non-zero coefficients were selected as potential biomarkers, and we further explored enriched biological pathways. Proteomics was the most effective in single-omics analyses, with a median absolute error (MAE) of 5.44 ± 0.31 kg/m2, incorporating an average of 24 proteins per model. Metabolomics showed slightly lower performance (MAE = 6.06 ± 0.33 kg/m2), followed by genomics (MAE = 6.20 ± 0.34 kg/m2). As expected, multiomic models demonstrated better accuracy, particularly the combination of proteomics and metabolomics (MAE = 4.77 ± 0.33 kg/m2), while including genomics data did not enhance the results. This manuscript is the first multiomics study of obesity in a gender-balanced cohort of young adults profiled by genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic methods. The comprehensive approach provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of obesity, opening avenues for more targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Kiseleva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (O.I.K.)
| | - Mikhail A. Pyatnitskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (O.I.K.)
- Faculty of Computer Science, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | | | - Ilya Y. Kurbatov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia; (O.I.K.)
| | | | | | - Oksana A. Plotnikova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109240, Russia
| | - Khaider K. Sharafetdinov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109240, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125993, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor A. Tutelyan
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109240, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Nikityuk
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109240, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 119991, Russia
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5
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Pliego-Arreaga R, Cervantes-Montelongo JA, Silva-Martínez GA, Tristán-Flores FE, Pantoja-Hernández MA, Maldonado-Coronado JR. Joint Hypermobility Syndrome and Membrane Proteins: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:472. [PMID: 38672488 PMCID: PMC11048254 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDSs) constitute a heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. Asymptomatic EDSs, joint hypermobility without associated syndromes, EDSs, and hypermobility spectrum disorders are the commonest phenotypes associated with joint hypermobility. Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by extreme flexibility of the joints, along with pain and other symptoms. JHS can be a sign of a more serious underlying genetic condition, such as EDS, which affects the cartilage, bone, fat, and blood. The exact cause of JHS could be related to genetic changes in the proteins that add flexibility and strength to the joints, ligaments, and tendons, such as collagen. Membrane proteins are a class of proteins embedded in the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell signaling, transport, and adhesion. Dysregulated membrane proteins have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders; recent studies have suggested that membrane proteins may also play a role in the pathogenesis of JHS. This article presents an exploration of the causative factors contributing to musculoskeletal pain in individuals with hypermobility, based on research findings. It aims to provide an understanding of JHS and its association with membrane proteins, addressing the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of JHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pliego-Arreaga
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Celaya, Celaya 38080, Guanajuato, Mexico; (J.A.C.-M.); (M.A.P.-H.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| | - Juan Antonio Cervantes-Montelongo
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Celaya, Celaya 38080, Guanajuato, Mexico; (J.A.C.-M.); (M.A.P.-H.); (J.R.M.-C.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya, Celaya 38010, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | | | | | | | - Juan Raúl Maldonado-Coronado
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Celaya, Celaya 38080, Guanajuato, Mexico; (J.A.C.-M.); (M.A.P.-H.); (J.R.M.-C.)
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Jones RA, Jerse AE, Tang CM. Gonococcal PorB: a multifaceted modulator of host immune responses. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:355-364. [PMID: 37891023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human-specific pathogen responsible for the sexually transmitted infection, gonorrhoea. N. gonorrhoeae promotes its survival by manipulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. The most abundant gonococcal outer-membrane protein is PorB, an essential porin that facilitates ion exchange. Importantly, gonococcal PorB has several immunomodulatory properties. To subvert the innate immune response, PorB suppresses killing mechanisms of macrophages and neutrophils, and recruits negative regulators of complement to the gonococcal cell surface. For manipulation of adaptive immune responses, gonococcal PorB suppresses the capability of dendritic cells to stimulate proliferation of T cells. As gonococcal PorB is highly abundant in outer-membrane vesicles, consideration of the immunomodulatory properties of this porin is critical when designing gonococcal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah A Jones
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ann E Jerse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph M Tang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
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7
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Xie HG, Jiang LP, Tai T, Ji JZ, Mi QY. The Complement System and C4b-Binding Protein: A Focus on the Promise of C4BPα as a Biomarker to Predict Clopidogrel Resistance. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:189-199. [PMID: 38261250 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The complement system plays a dual role in the body, either as a first-line defense barrier when balanced between activation and inhibition or as a potential driver of complement-associated injury or diseases when unbalanced or over-activated. C4b-binding protein (C4BP) was the first circulating complement regulatory protein identified and it functions as an important complement inhibitor. C4BP can suppress the over-activation of complement components and prevent the complement system from attacking the host cells through the binding of complement cleavage products C4b and C3b, working in concert as a cofactor for factor I in the degradation of C4b and C3b, and consequently preventing or reducing the assembly of C3 convertase and C5 convertase, respectively. C4BP, particularly C4BP α-chain (C4BPα), exerts its unique inhibitory effects on complement activation and opsonization, systemic inflammation, and platelet activation and aggregation. It has long been acknowledged that crosstalk or interplay exists between the complement system and platelets. Our unpublished preliminary data suggest that circulating C4BPα exerts its antiplatelet effects through inhibition of both complement activity levels and complement-induced platelet reactivity. Plasma C4BPα levels appear to be significantly higher in patients sensitive to, rather than resistant to, clopidogrel, and we suggest that a plasma C4BPα measurement could be used to predict clopidogrel resistance in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Xie
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Ting Tai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Jin-Zi Ji
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Qiong-Yu Mi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
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8
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Mattos-Graner RO, Klein MI, Alves LA. The complement system as a key modulator of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:138-167. [PMID: 36622855 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2163614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we address the interplay between the complement system and host microbiomes in health and disease, focussing on oral bacteria known to contribute to homeostasis or to promote dysbiosis associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Host proteins modulating complement activities in the oral environment and expression profiles of complement proteins in oral tissues were described. In addition, we highlight a sub-set of bacterial proteins involved in complement evasion and/or dysregulation previously characterized in pathogenic species (or strains), but further conserved among prototypical commensal species of the oral microbiome. Potential roles of these proteins in host-microbiome homeostasis and in the emergence of commensal strain lineages with increased virulence were also addressed. Finally, we provide examples of how commensal bacteria might exploit the complement system in competitive or cooperative interactions within the complex microbial communities of oral biofilms. These issues highlight the need for studies investigating the effects of the complement system on bacterial behaviour and competitiveness during their complex interactions within oral and extra-oral host sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata O Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlise I Klein
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Araújo Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Yi L, Yang Y, Hu Y, Wu Z, Kong M, Zuoyuan B, Xin X, Yang Z. Complement components regulates ferroptosis in CVB3 viral myocarditis by interatction with TFRC. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:349-359. [PMID: 38169212 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated cell death machinery and an excessive inflammatory response in Coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)-infected myocarditis are hallmarks of an abnormal host response. Complement C4 and C3 are considered the central components of the classical activation pathway and often participate in the response process in the early stages of virus infection. METHODS In our study, we constructed a mouse model of CVB3-related viral myocarditis via intraperitoneal injection of Fer-1 and detected myocarditis and ferroptosis markers in the mouse myocardium. Then, we performed co-IP and protein mass spectrometry analyses to explore which components interact with the ferroptosis gene transferrin receptor (TFRC). Finally, functional experiments were conducted to verify the role of complement components in regulating ferroptosis in CVB3 infection. RESULTS It showed that the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 could alleviate the inflammation in viral myocarditis as well as ferroptosis. Mechanistically, during CVB3 infection, the key factor TFRC was activated and inhibited by Fer-1. Fer-1 effectively prevented the consumption of complement C3 and overload of the complement product C4b. Interestingly, we found that TFRC directly interacts with complement C4, leading to an increase in the product of C4b and a decrease in the downstream complement C3. Functional experiments have also confirmed that regulating the complement C4/C3 pathway can effectively rescue cell ferroptosis caused by CVB3 infection. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that ferroptosis occurs through crosstalk with complement C4 in viral myocarditis through interaction with TFRC and that regulating the complement C4/C3 pathway may rescue ferroptosis in CVB3-infected cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yi
- The first affiliated hospital, Department of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yezhen Yang
- Department of ophthalmology,Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics,Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatrics,Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Min Kong
- Department of Pediatrics,Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Bojiao Zuoyuan
- Department of Pediatrics,Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xiaowei Xin
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zuocheng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics,Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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Werner LM, Criss AK. Diverse Functions of C4b-Binding Protein in Health and Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1443-1449. [PMID: 37931209 PMCID: PMC10629839 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
C4b-binding protein (C4BP) is a fluid-phase complement inhibitor that prevents uncontrolled activation of the classical and lectin complement pathways. As a complement inhibitor, C4BP also promotes apoptotic cell death and is hijacked by microbes and tumors for complement evasion. Although initially characterized for its role in complement inhibition, there is an emerging recognition that C4BP functions in a complement-independent manner to promote cell survival, protect against autoimmune damage, and modulate the virulence of microbial pathogens. In this Brief Review, we summarize the structure and functions of human C4BP, with a special focus on activities that extend beyond the canonical role of C4BP in complement inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacie M. Werner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alison K. Criss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Rajasekaran A, Green TJ, Renfrow MB, Julian BA, Novak J, Rizk DV. Current Understanding of Complement Proteins as Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy. Drugs 2023; 83:1475-1499. [PMID: 37747686 PMCID: PMC10807511 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and a frequent cause of kidney failure. Currently, the diagnosis necessitates a kidney biopsy, with routine immunofluorescence microscopy revealing IgA as the dominant or co-dominant immunoglobulin in the glomerular immuno-deposits, often with IgG and sometimes IgM or both. Complement protein C3 is observed in most cases. IgAN leads to kidney failure in 20-40% of patients within 20 years of diagnosis and reduces average life expectancy by about 10 years. There is increasing clinical, biochemical, and genetic evidence that the complement system plays a paramount role in the pathogenesis of IgAN. The presence of C3 in the kidney immuno-deposits differentiates the diagnosis of IgAN from subclinical glomerular mesangial IgA deposition. Markers of complement activation via the lectin and alternative pathways in kidney-biopsy specimens are associated with disease activity and are predictive of poor outcome. Levels of select complement proteins in the circulation have also been assessed in patients with IgAN and found to be of prognostic value. Ongoing genetic studies have identified at least 30 loci associated with IgAN. Genes within some of these loci encode complement-system regulating proteins that can interact with immune complexes. The growing appreciation for the central role of complement components in IgAN pathogenesis highlighted these pathways as potential treatment targets and sparked great interest in pharmacological agents targeting the complement cascade for the treatment of IgAN, as evidenced by the plethora of ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Rajasekaran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Todd J Green
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bruce A Julian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dana V Rizk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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12
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Clark ND, Pham C, Kurniyati K, Sze CW, Coleman L, Fu Q, Zhang S, Malkowski MG, Li C. Functional and structural analyses reveal that a dual domain sialidase protects bacteria from complement killing through desialylation of complement factors. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011674. [PMID: 37747935 PMCID: PMC10553830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is the first line of innate immune defense against microbial infections. To survive in humans and cause infections, bacterial pathogens have developed sophisticated mechanisms to subvert the complement-mediated bactericidal activity. There are reports that sialidases, also known as neuraminidases, are implicated in bacterial complement resistance; however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Several complement proteins (e.g., C1q, C4, and C5) and regulators (e.g., factor H and C4bp) are modified by various sialoglycans (glycans with terminal sialic acids), which are essential for their functions. This report provides both functional and structural evidence that bacterial sialidases can disarm the complement system via desialylating key complement proteins and regulators. The oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, a "keystone" pathogen of periodontitis, produces a dual domain sialidase (PG0352). Biochemical analyses reveal that PG0352 can desialylate human serum and complement factors and thus protect bacteria from serum killing. Structural analyses show that PG0352 contains a N-terminal carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and a C-terminal sialidase domain that exhibits a canonical six-bladed β-propeller sialidase fold with each blade composed of 3-4 antiparallel β-strands. Follow-up functional studies show that PG0352 forms monomers and is active in a broad range of pH. While PG0352 can remove both N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), it has a higher affinity to Neu5Ac, the most abundant sialic acid in humans. Structural and functional analyses further demonstrate that the CBM binds to carbohydrates and serum glycoproteins. The results shown in this report provide new insights into understanding the role of sialidases in bacterial virulence and open a new avenue to investigate the molecular mechanisms of bacterial complement resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Clark
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher Pham
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kurni Kurniyati
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ching Wooen Sze
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Laurynn Coleman
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Qin Fu
- Proteomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Malkowski
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Chunhao Li
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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13
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Li S, Bettoni S, Mohlin F, Geoghegan JA, Blom AM, Laabei M. Recruitment of C4b-binding protein is not a complement evasion strategy employed by Staphylococcus aureus. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001391. [PMID: 37668351 PMCID: PMC10569063 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Complement offers a first line of defence against infection through the opsonization of microbial pathogens, recruitment of professional phagocytes to the infection site and the coordination of inflammatory responses required for the resolution of infection. Staphylococcus aureus is a successful pathogen that has developed multiple mechanisms to thwart host immune responses. Understanding the precise strategies employed by S. aureus to bypass host immunity will be paramount for the development of vaccines and or immunotherapies designed to prevent or limit infection. To gain a better insight into the specific immune evasion mechanisms used by S. aureus we examined the pathogen's interaction with the soluble complement inhibitor, C4b-binding protein (C4BP). Previous studies indicated that S. aureus recruits C4BP using a specific cell-wall-anchored surface protein and that bound C4BP limits complement deposition on the staphylococcal surface. Using flow-cytometric-based bacterial-protein binding assays we observed no interaction between S. aureus and C4BP. Moreover, we offer a precautionary warning that C4BP isolated from plasma can be co-purified with minute quantities of human IgG, which can distort binding analysis between S. aureus and human-derived proteins. Combined our data indicates that recruitment of C4BP is not a complement evasion strategy employed by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Li
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Serena Bettoni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frida Mohlin
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joan A. Geoghegan
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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14
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Wang KC, Kuliyev E, Nizet V, Ghosh P. A conserved 3D pattern in a Streptococcus pyogenes M protein immunogen elicits M-type crossreactivity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104980. [PMID: 37390991 PMCID: PMC10400905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coiled coil-forming M proteins of the widespread and potentially deadly bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (strep A) are immunodominant targets of opsonizing antibodies. However, antigenic sequence variability of M proteins into >220 M types, as defined by their hypervariable regions (HVRs), is considered to limit M proteins as vaccine immunogens because of type specificity in the antibody response. Surprisingly, a multi-HVR immunogen in clinical vaccine trials was shown to elicit M-type crossreactivity. The basis for this crossreactivity is unknown but may be due in part to antibody recognition of a 3D pattern conserved in many M protein HVRs that confers binding to human complement C4b-binding protein (C4BP). To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether a single M protein immunogen carrying the 3D pattern would elicit crossreactivity against other M types carrying the 3D pattern. We found that a 34-amino acid sequence of S. pyogenes M2 protein bearing the 3D pattern retained full C4BP-binding capacity when fused to a coiled coil-stabilizing sequence from the protein GCN4. We show that this immunogen, called M2G, elicited cross-reactive antibodies against a number of M types that carry the 3D pattern but not against those that lack the 3D pattern. We further show that the M2G antiserum-recognized M proteins displayed natively on the strep A surface and promoted the opsonophagocytic killing of strep A strains expressing these M proteins. As C4BP binding is a conserved virulence trait of strep A, we propose that targeting the 3D pattern may prove advantageous in vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eziz Kuliyev
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Partho Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
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15
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Holers VM. Complement therapeutics are coming of age in rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:470-485. [PMID: 37337038 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The complement system was described over 100 years ago, and it is well established that activation of this pathway accompanies the great majority of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In addition, over three decades of work in murine models of human disease have nearly universally demonstrated that complement activation is upstream of tissue injury and the engagement of pro-inflammatory mechanisms such as the elaboration of cytokines and chemokines, as well as myeloid cell recruitment and activation. With that background, and taking advantage of advances in the development of biologic and small-molecule therapeutics, the creation and clinical evaluation of complement therapeutics is now rapidly expanding. This article reviews the current state of the complement therapeutics field, with a focus on their use in diseases cared for or consulted upon by rheumatologists. Included is an overview of the activation mechanisms and components of the system, in addition to the mechanisms by which the complement system interacts with other immune system constituents. The various therapeutic approaches to modulating the system in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases are reviewed. To understand how best to clinically assess the complement system, methods of its evaluation are described. Finally, next-generation therapeutic and diagnostic advances that can be envisioned for the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Michael Holers
- Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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16
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Tretiakova D, Kobanenko M, Alekseeva A, Boldyrev I, Khaidukov S, Zgoda V, Tikhonova O, Vodovozova E, Onishchenko N. Protein Corona of Anionic Fluid-Phase Liposomes Compromises Their Integrity Rather than Uptake by Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:681. [PMID: 37505047 PMCID: PMC10384875 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the undisputable role of the protein corona in the biointeractions of liposome drug carriers, the field suffers from a lack of knowledge regarding the patterns of protein deposition on lipid surfaces with different compositions. Here, we investigated the protein coronas formed on liposomes of basic compositions containing combinations of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC), palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylglycerol (POPG), and cholesterol. Liposome-protein complexes isolated by size-exclusion chromatography were delipidated and analyzed using label-free LC-MS/MS. The addition of the anionic lipid and cholesterol both affected the relative protein abundances (and not the total bound proteins) in the coronas. Highly anionic liposomes, namely those containing 40% POPG, carried corona enriched with cationic proteins (apolipoprotein C1, beta-2-glycoprotein 1, and cathelicidins) and were the least stable in the calcein release assay. Cholesterol improved the liposome stability in the plasma. However, the differences in the corona compositions had little effect on the liposome uptake by endothelial (EA.hy926) and phagocytic cells in the culture (U937) or ex vivo (blood-derived monocytes and neutrophils). The findings emphasize that the effect of protein corona on the performance of the liposomes as drug carriers occurs through compromising particle stability rather than interfering with cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Tretiakova
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Kobanenko
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Alekseeva
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Boldyrev
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Khaidukov
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Tikhonova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Vodovozova
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Onishchenko
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Siddiqui T, Cosacak MI, Popova S, Bhattarai P, Yilmaz E, Lee AJ, Min Y, Wang X, Allen M, İş Ö, Atasavum ZT, Rodriguez-Muela N, Vardarajan BN, Flaherty D, Teich AF, Santa-Maria I, Freudenberg U, Werner C, Tosto G, Mayeux R, Ertekin-Taner N, Kizil C. Nerve growth factor receptor (Ngfr) induces neurogenic plasticity by suppressing reactive astroglial Lcn2/Slc22a17 signaling in Alzheimer's disease. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:33. [PMID: 37429840 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis, crucial for brain resilience, is reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that induces astroglial reactivity at the expense of the pro-neurogenic potential, and restoring neurogenesis could counteract neurodegenerative pathology. However, the molecular mechanisms promoting pro-neurogenic astroglial fate despite AD pathology are unknown. In this study, we used APP/PS1dE9 mouse model and induced Nerve growth factor receptor (Ngfr) expression in the hippocampus. Ngfr, which promotes neurogenic fate of astroglia during the amyloid pathology-induced neuroregeneration in zebrafish brain, stimulated proliferative and neurogenic outcomes. Histological analyses of the changes in proliferation and neurogenesis, single-cell transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, and functional knockdown studies showed that the induced expression of Ngfr reduced the reactive astrocyte marker Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), which we found was sufficient to reduce neurogenesis in astroglia. Anti-neurogenic effects of Lcn2 was mediated by Slc22a17, blockage of which recapitulated the pro-neurogenicity by Ngfr. Long-term Ngfr expression reduced amyloid plaques and Tau phosphorylation. Postmortem human AD hippocampi and 3D human astroglial cultures showed elevated LCN2 levels correlate with reactive gliosis and reduced neurogenesis. Comparing transcriptional changes in mouse, zebrafish, and human AD brains for cell intrinsic differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression networks revealed common altered downstream effectors of NGFR signaling, such as PFKP, which can enhance proliferation and neurogenesis in vitro when blocked. Our study suggests that the reactive non-neurogenic astroglia in AD can be coaxed to a pro-neurogenic fate and AD pathology can be alleviated with Ngfr. We suggest that enhancing pro-neurogenic astroglial fate may have therapeutic ramifications in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Siddiqui
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislava Popova
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Neuron D GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elanur Yilmaz
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Annie J Lee
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yuhao Min
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Özkan İş
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Zeynep Tansu Atasavum
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia Rodriguez-Muela
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Delaney Flaherty
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrew F Teich
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ismael Santa-Maria
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Edificio E, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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18
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Timechko EE, Yakimov AM, Paramonova AI, Usoltseva AA, Utyashev NP, Ivin NO, Utyasheva AA, Yakunina AV, Kalinin VA, Dmitrenko DV. Mass Spectrometry as a Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Tool for the Search for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Biomarkers: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11130. [PMID: 37446307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epilepsy in adults. Tissue reorganization at the site of the epileptogenic focus is accompanied by changes in the expression patterns of protein molecules. The study of mRNA and its corresponding proteins is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. Protein expression profiles do not always directly correlate with the levels of their transcripts; therefore, it is protein profiling that is no less important for understanding the molecular mechanisms and biological processes of TLE. The study and annotation of proteins that are statistically significantly different in patients with TLE is an approach to search for biomarkers of this disease, various stages of its development, as well as a method for searching for specific targets for the development of a further therapeutic strategy. When writing a systematic review, the following aggregators of scientific journals were used: MDPI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Web of Science. Scientific articles were searched using the following keywords: "proteomic", "mass-spectrometry", "protein expression", "temporal lobe epilepsy", and "biomarkers". Publications from 2003 to the present have been analyzed. Studies of brain tissues, experimental models of epilepsy, as well as biological fluids, were analyzed. For each of the groups, aberrantly expressed proteins found in various studies were isolated. Most of the studies omitted important characteristics of the studied patients, such as: duration of illness, type and response to therapy, gender, etc. Proteins that overlap across different tissue types and different studies have been highlighted: DPYSL, SYT1, STMN1, APOE, NME1, and others. The most common biological processes for them were the positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly, the regulation of amyloid fibril formation, lipoprotein catabolic process, the positive regulation of vesicle fusion, the positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, removal of superoxide radicals, axon extension, and the regulation of actin filament depolymerization. MS-based proteomic profiling for a relevant study must accept a number of limitations, the most important of which is the need to compare different types of neurological and, in particular, epileptic disorders. Such a criterion could increase the specificity of the search work and, in the future, lead to the discovery of biomarkers for a particular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Timechko
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexey M Yakimov
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia I Paramonova
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Usoltseva
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nikita P Utyashev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov", 105203 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita O Ivin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov", 105203 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Utyasheva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov", 105203 Moscow, Russia
| | - Albina V Yakunina
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Postgraduate Education, Samara State Medical University, 443079 Samara, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Kalinin
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Postgraduate Education, Samara State Medical University, 443079 Samara, Russia
| | - Diana V Dmitrenko
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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19
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Tsiftsoglou SA. Heme Interactions as Regulators of the Alternative Pathway Complement Responses and Implications for Heme-Associated Pathologies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5198-5214. [PMID: 37367079 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme (Fe2+-protoporphyrin IX) is a pigment of life, and as a prosthetic group in several hemoproteins, it contributes to diverse critical cellular processes. While its intracellular levels are tightly regulated by networks of heme-binding proteins (HeBPs), labile heme can be hazardous through oxidative processes. In blood plasma, heme is scavenged by hemopexin (HPX), albumin and several other proteins, while it also interacts directly with complement components C1q, C3 and factor I. These direct interactions block the classical pathway (CP) and distort the alternative pathway (AP). Errors or flaws in heme metabolism, causing uncontrolled intracellular oxidative stress, can lead to several severe hematological disorders. Direct interactions of extracellular heme with alternative pathway complement components (APCCs) may be implicated molecularly in diverse conditions at sites of abnormal cell damage and vascular injury. In such disorders, a deregulated AP could be associated with the heme-mediated disruption of the physiological heparan sulphate-CFH coat of stressed cells and the induction of local hemostatic responses. Within this conceptual frame, a computational evaluation of HBMs (heme-binding motifs) aimed to determine how heme interacts with APCCs and whether these interactions are affected by genetic variation within putative HBMs. Combined computational analysis and database mining identified putative HBMs in all of the 16 APCCs examined, with 10 exhibiting disease-associated genetic (SNPs) and/or epigenetic variation (PTMs). Overall, this article indicates that among the pleiotropic roles of heme reviewed, the interactions of heme with APCCs could induce differential AP-mediated hemostasis-driven pathologies in certain individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos A Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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20
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Onishchenko NR, Moskovtsev AA, Kobanenko MK, Tretiakova DS, Alekseeva AS, Kolesov DV, Mikryukova AA, Boldyrev IA, Kapkaeva MR, Shcheglovitova ON, Bovin NV, Kubatiev AA, Tikhonova OV, Vodovozova EL. Protein Corona Attenuates the Targeting of Antitumor Sialyl Lewis X-Decorated Liposomes to Vascular Endothelial Cells under Flow Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1754. [PMID: 37376203 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) model that a liposome formulation of melphalan lipophilic prodrug (MlphDG) decorated with selectin ligand tetrasaccharide Sialyl Lewis X (SiaLeX) undergoes specific uptake by activated cells and in an in vivo tumor model causes a severe antivascular effect. Here, we cultured HUVECs in a microfluidic chip and then applied the liposome formulations to study their interactions with the cells in situ under hydrodynamic conditions close to capillary blood flow using confocal fluorescent microscopy. The incorporation of 5 to 10% SiaLeX conjugate in the bilayer of MlphDG liposomes increased their consumption exclusively by activated endotheliocytes. The increase of serum concentration from 20 to 100% in the flow resulted in lower liposome uptake by the cells. To elucidate the possible roles of plasma proteins in the liposome-cell interactions, liposome protein coronas were isolated and analyzed by shotgun proteomics and immunoblotting of selected proteins. Proteomic analysis showed that a gradual increase in SiaLeX content correlated with the overall enrichment of the liposome-associated proteins with several apolipoproteins, including the most positively charged one, ApoC1, and serum amyloid A4, associated with inflammation, on the one hand, and a decrease in the content of bound immunoglobulins, on the other. The article discusses the potential interference of the proteins in the binding of liposomes to selectins of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia R Onishchenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Moskovtsev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria K Kobanenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria S Tretiakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S Alekseeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kolesov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Mikryukova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan A Boldyrev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina R Kapkaeva
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, ul. Gamaleya 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga N Shcheglovitova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, ul. Gamaleya 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan A Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Baltiyskaya 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Tikhonova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena L Vodovozova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Bierschenk D, Papac-Milicevic N, Bresch IP, Kovacic V, Bettoni S, Dziedzic M, Wetsel RA, Eschenburg S, Binder CJ, Blom AM, King BC. C4b-binding protein inhibits particulate- and crystalline-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149822. [PMID: 37283747 PMCID: PMC10239802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation drives a wide variety of diseases, while endogenous inhibition of this pathway is poorly characterised. The serum protein C4b-binding protein (C4BP) is a well-established inhibitor of complement with emerging functions as an endogenously expressed inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome signalling pathway. Here, we identified that C4BP purified from human plasma is an inhibitor of crystalline- (monosodium urate, MSU) and particulate-induced (silica) NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Using a C4BP mutant panel, we identified that C4BP bound these particles via specific protein domains located on the C4BP α-chain. Plasma-purified C4BP was internalised into MSU- or silica-stimulated human primary macrophages, and inhibited MSU- or silica-induced inflammasome complex assembly and IL-1β cytokine secretion. While internalised C4BP in MSU or silica-stimulated human macrophages was in close proximity to the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC, C4BP had no direct effect on ASC polymerisation in in vitro assays. C4BP was also protective against MSU- and silica-induced lysosomal membrane damage. We further provide evidence for an anti-inflammatory function for C4BP in vivo, as C4bp-/- mice showed an elevated pro-inflammatory state following intraperitoneal delivery of MSU. Therefore, internalised C4BP is an inhibitor of crystal- or particle-induced inflammasome responses in human primary macrophages, while murine C4BP protects against an enhanced inflammatory state in vivo. Our data suggests C4BP has important functions in retaining tissue homeostasis in both human and mice as an endogenous serum inhibitor of particulate-stimulated inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bierschenk
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Ian P. Bresch
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valentina Kovacic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Serena Bettoni
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mateusz Dziedzic
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rick A. Wetsel
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susanne Eschenburg
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ben C. King
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Chatziparasidis G, Kantar A, Grimwood K. Pathogenesis of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae infections in chronic suppurative lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023. [PMID: 37133207 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system is a multilayered defense mechanism that relies upon mucociliary clearance and components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems to protect the lungs from inhaled or aspirated microorganisms. One of these potential pathogens, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), adopts several, multifaceted redundant strategies to successfully colonize the lower airways and establish a persistent infection. NTHi can impair mucociliary clearance, express multiple multifunctional adhesins for various cell types within the respiratory tract and evade host defenses by surviving within and between cells, forming biofilms, increasing antigenic drift, secreting proteases and antioxidants, and by host-pathogen cross-talk, impair macrophage and neutrophil function. NTHi is recognized as an important pathogen in several chronic lower respiratory disorders, such as protracted bacterial bronchitis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. The persistence of NTHi in human airways, including its capacity to form biofilms, results in chronic infection and inflammation, which can ultimately injure airway wall structures. The complex nature of the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms employed by NTHi is incompletely understood but improved understanding of its pathobiology will be important for developing effective therapies and vaccines, especially given the marked genetic heterogeneity of NTHi and its possession of phase-variable genes. Currently, no vaccine candidates are ready for large phase III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Chatziparasidis
- Paediatric Respiratory Unit, IASO Hospital, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece
- Faculty of Nursing, Thessaly University, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ahmad Kantar
- Pediatric Asthma and Cough Centre, Instituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, Bergamo, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Keith Grimwood
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Mateos-Maroto A, Gai M, Brückner M, da Costa Marques R, Harley I, Simon J, Mailänder V, Morsbach S, Landfester K. Systematic modulation of the lipid composition enables the tuning of liposome cellular uptake. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:463-474. [PMID: 36599401 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As liposomes have been widely explored as drug delivery carriers over the past decades, they are one of the most promising platforms due to their biocompatibility and versatility for surface functionalization. However, to improve the specific design of liposomes for future biomedical applications such as nanovaccines, it is necessary to understand how these systems interact with cell membranes, as most of their potential applications require them to be internalized by cells. Even though several investigations on the cellular uptake of liposomes were conducted, the effect of the liposome membrane properties on internalization in different cell lines remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate how the cellular uptake behavior of liposomes can be driven towards preferential interaction with dendritic cells (DC2.4) as compared to macrophages (RAW264.7) by tuning the lipid composition with varied molar ratios of the lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). Cellular internalization efficiency was analyzed by flow cytometry, as well as liposome-cell membrane co-localization by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The corresponding proteomic analysis of the protein corona was performed in order to unravel the possible effect on the internalization. The obtained results of this work reveal that it is possible to modulate the cellular uptake towards enhanced internalization by dendritic cells just by modifying the applied lipids and, thus, mainly the physico-chemical properties of the liposomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In the field of nanomedicine, it is of key importance to develop new specific and efficient drug carriers. In this sense, liposomes are one of the most widely known carrier types and used in clinics with good results. However, the exact interaction mechanisms of liposomes with cells remain unclear, which is of great importance for the design of new drug delivery platforms. Therefore, in this work we demonstrate that cellular uptake depends on the lipid composition. We are able to enhance the uptake in a specific cell type just by tuning the content of a lipid in the liposome membrane. This finding could be a step towards the selective design of liposomes to be internalized by specific cells with promising applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mateos-Maroto
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Meiyu Gai
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Brückner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Richard da Costa Marques
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Iain Harley
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johanna Simon
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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24
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Werner LM, Alcott A, Mohlin F, Ray JC, Belcher Dufrisne M, Smirnov A, Columbus L, Blom AM, Criss AK. Neisseria gonorrhoeae co-opts C4b-binding protein to enhance complement-independent survival from neutrophils. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011055. [PMID: 36862761 PMCID: PMC10013916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc) is a human-specific pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. Gc survives in neutrophil-rich gonorrheal secretions, and recovered bacteria predominantly express phase-variable, surface-expressed opacity-associated (Opa) proteins (Opa+). However, expression of Opa proteins like OpaD decreases Gc survival when exposed to human neutrophils ex vivo. Here, we made the unexpected observation that incubation with normal human serum, which is found in inflamed mucosal secretions, enhances survival of Opa+ Gc from primary human neutrophils. We directly linked this phenomenon to a novel complement-independent function for C4b-binding protein (C4BP). When bound to the bacteria, C4BP was necessary and sufficient to suppress Gc-induced neutrophil reactive oxygen species production and prevent neutrophil phagocytosis of Opa+ Gc. This research identifies for the first time a complement-independent role for C4BP in enhancing the survival of a pathogenic bacterium from phagocytes, thereby revealing how Gc exploits inflammatory conditions to persist at human mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacie M. Werner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Allison Alcott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Frida Mohlin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Jocelyn C. Ray
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Meagan Belcher Dufrisne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Asya Smirnov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Linda Columbus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Alison K. Criss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Complement and Fungal Dysbiosis as Prognostic Markers and Potential Targets in PDAC Treatment. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:9833-9854. [PMID: 36547187 PMCID: PMC9777542 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still hampered by a dismal prognosis. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment within the pancreas and of the factors affecting its composition is of utmost importance for developing new diagnostic and treatment tools. In this context, the complement system plays a prominent role. Not only has it been shown to shape a T cell-mediated immune response, but it also directly affects proliferation and apoptosis of the tumor cells, influencing angiogenesis, metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance. This makes complement proteins appealing not only as early biomarkers of PDAC development, but also as therapeutic targets. Fungal dysbiosis is currently the new kid on the block in tumorigenesis with cancer-associated mycobiomes extracted from several cancer types. For PDAC, colonization with the yeast Malassezia seems to promote cancer progression, already in precursor lesions. One responsible mechanism appears to be complement activation via the lectin pathway. In the present article, we review the role of the complement system in tumorigenesis, presenting observations that propose it as the missing link between fungal dysbiosis and PDAC development. We also present the results of a small pilot study supporting the crucial interplay between the complement system and Malassezia colonization in PDAC pathogenesis.
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26
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Wang Z, He Y, Tan Z. Transcription Analysis of Liver and Muscle Tissues from Landrace Finishing Pigs with Different Feed Conversion Ratios. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2067. [PMID: 36360304 PMCID: PMC9690258 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of feed utilization determines the cost and economic benefits of pig production. In the present study, two pairs of full-sibling and two pairs of half-sibling female Landrace finishing pigs were selected, with each pair including individuals with different feed conversion rates, with liver and longissimus muscle tissue samples collected from each group for transcriptome analysis. A total of 561 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 224 were up-regulated and 337 were down-regulated, were detected in the liver transcriptomes in the high-feed efficiency group compared to the low-feed efficiency group. The DEGs related to phosphorus and phosphate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, chemical carcinogenesis, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the biosynthesis of amino acids, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 in liver tissue were also associated with feed efficiency. In total, 215 DEGs were screened in the longissimus muscle tissue and were mainly related to disease and immune regulation, including complement and coagulation cascades, systemic lupus erythematosus, and prion diseases. The combination of gene expression and functional annotation results led to the identification of candidate feed efficiency-related biomarkers, such as ARG1, ARG2, GOT1, GPT2, ACAA2, ACADM, and ANGPTL4, members of cytochrome P450 family, and complement component family genes. Although the novel feed efficiency-related candidate genes need to be further evaluated by a larger sample size and functional studies, the present study identifies novel candidate biomarkers for the identification of functional SNPs underlying porcine feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhen Tan
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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27
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Wu N, Xiao F, Zhang J, Chi Y, Zhai Y, Chen B, Lu J. Proteomic characteristics of plasma and blood cells in natural aging rhesus monkeys. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200049. [PMID: 36037246 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging has become a serious social issue that places a heavy burden on society. However, the underlying mechanisms of aging remain unclear. This study sought to understand the aging process as it may be affected by proteins in the blood, the most important functional system for material transportation in the body. We analyzed and compared the protein expression spectrums in the blood of old and young rhesus monkeys and found 257 proteins expressed differentially in plasma and 1183 proteins expressed differentially in blood cells. Through bioinformatics analysis, we found that the differentially-expressed proteins in plasma were involved in signal pathways related to complement and coagulation cascades, pertussis, malaria, phagosome, and cholesterol metabolism, while the differentially-expressed proteins in blood cells were involved in endocytosis, proteasome, ribosome, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and Parkinson's disease. We confirmed that the protein levels of complement C2 in plasma and actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 (ARPC2) in blood cells obviously decreased, whereas the complement C3 and complement component 4 binding protein beta (C4BPB) significantly increased in plasma of old rhesus monkeys and C57BL/6 mice. Our results suggest that C2, C3, C4BPB, and ARPC2 can be used as target proteins for anti-aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchuan Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Chi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Zhai
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baian Chen
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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28
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Guillemain G, Lacapere JJ, Khemtemourian L. Targeting hIAPP fibrillation: A new paradigm to prevent β-cell death? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184002. [PMID: 35868406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Loss of pancreatic β-cell mass is deleterious for type 2 diabetes patients since it reduces insulin production, critical for glucose homeostasis. The main research axis developed over the last few years was to generate new pancreatic β-cells or to transplant pancreatic islets as occurring for some specific type 1 diabetes patients. We evaluate here a new paradigm consisting in preservation of β-cells by prevention of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) oligomers and fibrils formation leading to pancreatic β-cell death. We review the hIAPP physiology and the pathology that contributes to β-cell destruction, deciphering the various cellular steps that could be involved. Recent progress in understanding other amyloidosis such as Aβ, Tau, α-synuclein or prion, involved in neurodegenerative processes linked with inflammation, has opened new research lines of investigations to preserve neuronal cells. We evaluate and estimate their transposition to the pancreatic β-cells preservation. Among them is the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production occurring with inflammation and the possible implication of the mitochondrial translocator protein as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. The present review also focuses on other amyloid forming proteins from molecular to physiological and physiopathological points of view that could help to better decipher hIAPP-induced β-cell death mechanisms and to prevent hIAPP fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Guillemain
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Inserm UMR_S938, Institute of Cardio metabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Centre de recherche de St-Antoine (CRSA), 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Lacapere
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Lucie Khemtemourian
- CBMN, CNRS UMR 5248, IPB, Univ. Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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29
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Park J, Kang Y, Han KM, Tae WS, Kang UB, Chu H, Ham BJ. Association Between the C4 Binding Protein Level and White Matter Integrity in Major Depressive Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:703-711. [PMID: 36202105 PMCID: PMC9536885 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Considerable evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between serum C4 binding protein (C4BP) and white matter (WM) tract integrity in MDD has not been investigated. METHODS We obtained diffusion tensor images of 44 patients with MDD and 44 healthy controls and performed TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy (TRACULA) analysis to assess WM tract integrity. Serum C4-binding protein alpha chain (C4BPA) and C4- binding protein beta chain (C4BPB) levels were measured and in-between group comparisons were obtained. The correlation between serum C4BP levels and WM tract integrity was examined. RESULTS In comparison to healthy controls, both serum C4BPA and C4BPB were higher in MDD. Also, fractional anisotropy (FA) was increased in the left cingulum-angular bundle (CAB) in MDD, but not healthy controls (HCs). A significant correlation was found between serum C4BP and FA levels in the right cingulum-cingulate gyrus bundle (CCG) in MDD. CONCLUSION This study is the first to investigate the correlation between serum C4BP levels and WM tract integrity in MDD. We identified an increase in WM integrity in the left CAB region in MDD. Furthermore, serum C4BP levels were higher in MDD, and this finding correlated with increased WM integrity in the right CCG region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Beom Kang
- Bertis R&D Division, Bertis Inc., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosub Chu
- Bertis R&D Division, Bertis Inc., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Classical complement pathway factor alterations in narcolepsy. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2022; 34:212-219. [PMID: 35034679 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2021.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder long hypothesised to be an autoimmune disease. Complement-mediated immune mechanisms have not been investigated in detail in narcolepsy. Our aim was to establish the significance of classical pathway activation in narcolepsy. METHODS Sera of 42 narcolepsy patients and 26 healthy controls were screened with ELISA to determine the levels of C1q, C3a, C4d and complement component 4 binding protein (C4BP). A home-made ELISA method was developed to detect antibodies to C4BP-alpha (anti-C4BPA). The correlation between complement levels and clinical findings was examined. RESULTS C1q levels were significantly higher in narcolepsy patients while C4d and C4BP levels were significantly lower compared to healthy controls. C3a levels were comparable among patients and controls. Eleven narcolepsy patients showed serum anti-C4BPA levels. Total rapid eye movements (REM) time, sleep onset latency, REM sleep latency, sleep activity, percentage of wakefulness after sleep onset and Epworth sleepiness scale scores were correlated with levels of different complement factors. CONCLUSION Complement-mediated immune mechanisms might partake in narcolepsy pathogenesis. The precise role of autoantibodies on complement level alterations needs to be investigated. Levels of complement factors and degradation products may potentially be utilised as biomarkers to predict the clinical severity of narcolepsy.
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A Genome-Wide Search for Candidate Genes of Meat Production in Jalgin Merino Considering Known Productivity Genes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081337. [PMID: 35893074 PMCID: PMC9331477 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a group of Jalgin merino rams with no significant influence on the dispersion of the phenotypes of known productivity genes (MSTN, MEF2B, FABP4, etc.), a genome-wide search for associations of individual polymorphisms with intravital indicators of meat productivity was performed. Using the Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip 600K, 606,000 genome loci were evaluated. Twenty-three substitutions were found to be significantly associated with external measurements of the body and ultrasonic parameters. This made it possible to describe 14 candidate genes, the structural features of which can cause changes in animal phenotypes. No closely spaced genes were found for two substitutions. The identified polymorphisms were found in the exons, introns, and adjacent regions of the following genes and transcripts: CDCA2, ENSOARG00000014477, C4BPA, RIPOR2, ENSOARG00000007198, ENSOARG00000026965 (LincRNA), ENSOARG00000026436 (LincRNA), ENSOARG00000026782 (LincRNA), TENM3, RTL8A, MOSPD1, RTL8С, RIMS2, and P4HA3. The detected genes affect the metabolic pathways of cell differentiation and proliferation and are associated with the regulation of the immune system. This confirms their possible participation in the formation of the phenotypes of productivity parameters in animals and indicates the need for further study of the structure of candidate genes in order to identify their internal polymorphisms.
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32
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Metabolite, protein, and tissue dysfunction associated with COVID-19 disease severity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12204. [PMID: 35842456 PMCID: PMC9288092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are direct products of the genome and metabolites are functional products of interactions between the host and other factors such as environment, disease state, clinical information, etc. Omics data, including proteins and metabolites, are useful in characterizing biological processes underlying COVID-19 along with patient data and clinical information, yet few methods are available to effectively analyze such diverse and unstructured data. Using an integrated approach that combines proteomics and metabolomics data, we investigated the changes in metabolites and proteins in relation to patient characteristics (e.g., age, gender, and health outcome) and clinical information (e.g., metabolic panel and complete blood count test results). We found significant enrichment of biological indicators of lung, liver, and gastrointestinal dysfunction associated with disease severity using publicly available metabolite and protein profiles. Our analyses specifically identified enriched proteins that play a critical role in responses to injury or infection within these anatomical sites, but may contribute to excessive systemic inflammation within the context of COVID-19. Furthermore, we have used this information in conjunction with machine learning algorithms to predict the health status of patients presenting symptoms of COVID-19. This work provides a roadmap for understanding the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms that drive disease severity, progression, and treatment of COVID-19.
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Fjelstrup S, Dupont DM, Bus C, Enghild J, Jensen J, Birkenkamp-Demtröder K, Dyrskjøt L, Kjems J. Differential RNA aptamer affinity profiling on plasma as a potential diagnostic tool for bladder cancer. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac025. [PMID: 36004048 PMCID: PMC9394167 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular composition of blood is a signature of human health, reflected in the thousands of blood biomarkers known for human diseases. However, establishing robust disease markers is challenging due to the diversity of individual samples. New sequencing methods have simplified biomarker discovery for circulating DNA and RNA while protein profiling is still laborious and costly. To harness the power of high-throughput sequencing to profile the protein content of a biological sample, we developed a method termed APTASHAPE that uses oligonucleotide aptamers to recognize proteins in complex biofluids. We selected a large pool of 2′Fluoro protected RNA sequences to recognize proteins in human plasma and identified a set of 33 cancer-specific aptamers. Differential enrichment of these aptamers after selection against 1 μl of plasma from individual patients allowed us to differentiate between healthy controls and bladder cancer-diagnosed patients (91% accuracy) and between early non-invasive tumors and late stage tumors (83% accuracy). Affinity purification and mass spectrometry of proteins bound to the predictive aptamers showed the main target proteins to be C4b-binding protein, Complement C3, Fibrinogen, Complement factor H and IgG. The APTASHAPE method thus provides a general, automated and highly sensitive platform for discovering potential new disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Fjelstrup
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel M Dupont
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Bus
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (MBG), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen B Jensen
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Birkenkamp-Demtröder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (MBG), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
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34
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Cheng J, Clayton JS, Acemel RD, Zheng Y, Taylor RL, Keleş S, Franke M, Boackle SA, Harley JB, Quail E, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, Ulgiati D. Regulatory Architecture of the RCA Gene Cluster Captures an Intragenic TAD Boundary, CTCF-Mediated Chromatin Looping and a Long-Range Intergenic Enhancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901747. [PMID: 35769482 PMCID: PMC9235356 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Regulators of Complement Activation (RCA) gene cluster comprises several tandemly arranged genes with shared functions within the immune system. RCA members, such as complement receptor 2 (CR2), are well-established susceptibility genes in complex autoimmune diseases. Altered expression of RCA genes has been demonstrated at both the functional and genetic level, but the mechanisms underlying their regulation are not fully characterised. We aimed to investigate the structural organisation of the RCA gene cluster to identify key regulatory elements that influence the expression of CR2 and other genes in this immunomodulatory region. Using 4C, we captured extensive CTCF-mediated chromatin looping across the RCA gene cluster in B cells and showed these were organised into two topologically associated domains (TADs). Interestingly, an inter-TAD boundary was located within the CR1 gene at a well-characterised segmental duplication. Additionally, we mapped numerous gene-gene and gene-enhancer interactions across the region, revealing extensive co-regulation. Importantly, we identified an intergenic enhancer and functionally demonstrated this element upregulates two RCA members (CR2 and CD55) in B cells. We have uncovered novel, long-range mechanisms whereby autoimmune disease susceptibility may be influenced by genetic variants, thus highlighting the important contribution of chromatin topology to gene regulation and complex genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua S. Clayton
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Rafael D. Acemel
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ye Zheng
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rhonda L. Taylor
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Sündüz Keleş
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Martin Franke
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susan A. Boackle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - John B. Harley
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth Quail
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia,School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniela Ulgiati
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia,*Correspondence: Daniela Ulgiati,
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35
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Serrano I, Luque A, Mitjavila F, Blom AM, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Vega MC, Torras J, Aran JM. The Hidden Side of Complement Regulator C4BP: Dissection and Evaluation of Its Immunomodulatory Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883743. [PMID: 35547734 PMCID: PMC9084231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
C4b-binding protein (C4BP) is a well-known regulator of the complement system that holds additional and important activities unrelated to complement inhibition. Recently, we have described a novel immunomodulatory activity in the minor C4BP(β-) isoform directly acting over inflammatory phagocytes. Here we show that incorporation of the β-chain to the C4BP α-chain oligomer interferes with this immunomodulatory activity of C4BP. Moreover, an oligomeric form including only the complement control protein 6 (CCP6) domain of the C4BP α-chain (PRP6-HO7) is sufficient to “reprogram” monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) from a pro-inflammatory and immunogenic phenotype to an anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic state. PRP6-HO7 lacks complement regulatory activity but retains full immunomodulatory activity over inflammatory Mo-DCs induced by TLRs, characterized by downregulation of relevant surface markers such as CD83, HLA-DR, co-stimulatory molecules such as CD86, CD80 and CD40, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-α. Furthermore, PRP6-HO7-treated Mo-DCs shows increased endocytosis, significantly reduced CCR7 expression and CCL21-mediated chemotaxis, and prevents T cell alloproliferation. Finally, PRP6-HO7 shows also full immunomodulatory activity over Mo-DCs isolated from lupus nephritis patients with active disease, even without further pro-inflammatory stimulation. Therefore PRP6-HO7, retaining the immunomodulatory activity of C4BP(β-) and lacking its complement regulatory activity, might represent a promising and novel alternative to treat autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Serrano
- Immune-inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Luque
- Immune-inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Mitjavila
- Internal Medicine Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Molecular Pathology/Genetics of Complement Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC) and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cristina Vega
- Structural Biology of Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Torras
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Experimental Nephrology Lab., University of Barcelona and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Aran
- Immune-inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Boreggio M, Rosini E, Gambarotti C, Pollegioni L, Fasoli E. Unveiling the Bio-corona Fingerprinting of Potential Anticancer Carbon Nanotubes Coupled with D-Amino Acid Oxidase. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1164-1176. [PMID: 35467257 PMCID: PMC9411096 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation therapy, based on the controlled production of Reactive Oxygen Species directly into the tumor site, was introduced as alternative antitumor approach. For this purpose, d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) from the yeast Rhodotorula gracilis, an enzyme able to efficiently catalyze the production of hydrogen peroxide from d-amino acids, was adsorbed onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), previously functionalized with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) at different degrees to reduce their toxicity, to be targeted directly into the tumor. In vitro activity and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that DAAO-functionalized nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) produced H2O2 and induced toxic effects to selected tumor cell lines. After incubation in human plasma, the protein corona was investigated by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis. The enzyme nanocarriers generally seemed to favor their biocompatibility, promoting the interaction with dysopsonins. Despite this, PLGA or high degree of PEGylation promoted the adsorption of immunoglobulins with a possible activation of immune response and this effect was probably due to PLGA hydrophobicity and dimensions and to the production of specific antibodies against PEG. In conclusion, the PEGylated MWCNTs at low degree seemed the most biocompatible nanocarrier for adsorbed DAAO, preserving its anticancer activity and forming a bio-corona able to reduce both defensive responses and blood clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Boreggio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Rosini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varèse, Italy
| | - Cristian Gambarotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varèse, Italy
| | - Elisa Fasoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Alves LA, Salvatierra GC, Freitas VA, Höfling JF, Bastos DC, Araujo TLS, Mattos-Graner RO. Diversity in Phenotypes Associated With Host Persistence and Systemic Virulence in Streptococcus sanguinis Strains. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:875581. [PMID: 35509310 PMCID: PMC9058168 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.875581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus sanguinis is a pioneer commensal species of dental biofilms, abundant in different oral sites and commonly associated with opportunist cardiovascular infections. In this study, we addressed intra-species functional diversity to better understand the S. sanguinis commensal and pathogenic lifestyles. Multiple phenotypes were screened in nine strains isolated from dental biofilms or from the bloodstream to identify conserved and strain-specific functions involved in biofilm formation and/or persistence in oral and cardiovascular tissues. Strain phenotypes of biofilm maturation were independent of biofilm initiation phenotypes, and significantly influenced by human saliva and by aggregation mediated by sucrose-derived exopolysaccharides (EPS). The production of H2O2 was conserved in most strains, and consistent with variations in extracellular DNA (eDNA) production observed in few strains. The diversity in complement C3b deposition correlated with the rates of opsonophagocytosis by human PMN and was influenced by culture medium and sucrose-derived EPS in a strain-specific fashion. Differences in C3b deposition correlated with strain binding to recognition proteins of the classical pathway, C1q and serum amyloid protein (SAP). Importantly, differences in strain invasiveness into primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were significantly associated with C3b binding, and in a lesser extent, with binding to host glycoproteins (such as fibrinogen, plasminogen, fibronectin, and collagen). Thus, by identifying conserved and strain-specific phenotypes involved in host persistence and systemic virulence, this study indicates potential new functions involved in systemic virulence and highlights the need of including a wider panel of strains in molecular studies to understand S. sanguinis biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia A. Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Geovanny C. Salvatierra
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Victor A. Freitas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José F. Höfling
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Débora C. Bastos
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- São Leopoldo Mandic Medical School, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thaís L. S. Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata O. Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Renata O. Mattos-Graner,
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Abdollahi A, Dowden BN, Buhman KK, Zembroski AS, Henderson GC. Albumin knockout mice exhibit reduced plasma free fatty acid concentration and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15161. [PMID: 35238481 PMCID: PMC8892599 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating albumin is expected to play a significant role in the trafficking of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) between tissues, such as FFA transfer from adipose tissue to the liver. However, it was not yet known how disrupting FFA binding to albumin in circulation would alter lipid metabolism and any resulting impacts upon control of glycemia. To improve understanding of metabolic control, we aimed to determine whether lack of serum albumin would decrease plasma FFA, hepatic lipid storage, whole body substrate oxidation, and glucose metabolism. Male and female homozygous albumin knockout mice and C57BL/6J wild type controls, each on a standard diet containing a moderate fat content, were studied at 6-8 weeks of age. Indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance testing, insulin tolerance testing, exercise performance, plasma proteome, and tissue analyses were performed. In both sexes of albumin knockout mice compared to the wild type mice, significant reductions (p < 0.05) were observed for plasma FFA concentration, hepatic triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol content, blood glucose during the glucose tolerance test, and blood glucose during the insulin tolerance test. Albumin deficiency did not reduce whole body fat oxidation over a 24-h period and did not alter exercise performance in an incremental treadmill test. The system-level phenotypic changes in lipid and glucose metabolism were accompanied by reduced hepatic perilipin-2 expression (p < 0.05), as well as increased expression of adiponectin (p < 0.05) and glucose transporter-4 (p < 0.05) in adipose tissue. The results indicate an important role of albumin and plasma FFA concentration in lipid metabolism and glucoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoun Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Brianna N. Dowden
- Department of Nutrition SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Kimberly K. Buhman
- Department of Nutrition SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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Lebedenko AA, Afonin AA, Semernik OE, Loginova IG, Gunko VO, Larichkin AV, Alliluyev IA, Galkina GA, Panova IV. Proteomic analysis of blood serum - a new approach to the search for diagnostic markers of bronchial asthma in children. Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:81-84. [PMID: 35192752 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-2-81-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most pressing medical and social problems, the molecular aspects of the formation and development of BA are insufficiently studied and the diagnosis is not perfect. Carrying out proteomic analysis of BA will not only reveal new biomarkers specific to this disease, but also bring us closer to understanding its pathogenetic mechanisms. The purpose of the study: to study the proteomic profile of blood serum of children with BA to identify proteins associated with this disease A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of children suffering from BA and control group patients was performed. Proteomic analysis of depleted blood serum included high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (1 direction: immobiline strips 17cm, pH 3-10, 2 direction: denaturing electrophoresis in 12.5% polyacrylamide gel), protein staining on gels with fluorescent dye Flamingo, protein identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using the search algorithm Mascot and the Swiss-Prot database. Comparison of the proteomic profile of BA serum and the control group patients serum allowed us to establish that the production of a number of proteins is reduced in this pathology. Among them, proteins in the molecular weight range of 16-33 kDa (p<0.05) were identified: glutathione peroxidase 3, transtyretin, complement components C4b and C3. Research shows that changes in the children's serum proteome occur in BA, affecting proteins that play an important role in immune responses, ligand transport, and antioxidant protection. Special attention should be paid to the differences identified in the course of this work (glutathione peroxidase, transtyretin, C3 and C4 fragments of the complement system) or their combinations. Studying the features of their expression will expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation of this disease.
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Qiu Y, Shen S, Yang Y, Wang W. An Excretory Protein of Echinococcus multilocularis Inhibits Complement Classical Pathway Activation. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:555-568. [PMID: 35228806 PMCID: PMC8881923 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s344075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alveolar echinococcosis is a lethal zoonosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis (E.m) larvae. The mechanism by which E.m evades host immune attacks and ensures long-term survival remains unexplained. The complement system is a cascade of sequentially activated complement proteins that results in opsonization-related phagocytosis or membrane lysis of invading organisms. Excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs) of parasites are the main antigens that induce the immune response and play important roles in the long-term survival. Methods We investigated the possibility that E.m inhibits complement activation through ESPs and examined the potential related mechanism. A haemolysis assay was used to determine if and how in vitro culture medium of E.m containing ESPs can inhibit complement activation. Potential ESPs were annotated using bioinformatics methods, and one ESP was subsequently expressed as a recombinant protein with a eukaryotic expression system. The ability of this protein to inhibit complement activation was also tested by haemolysis assay. Results These assays showed that in vitro culture medium of E.m inhibited activation of the complement classical pathway. EmuJ_000439500 encodes a protein containing seven Sushi domains, which was the only potential E.m-derived complement inhibitor (Em-CI, UniProt: A0A068Y4F2) annotated among the 653 ESPs. Recombinant Em-CI also displayed the ability to inhibit activation of the complement classical pathway. Discussion The discovery of Em-CI sheds light on the mechanism by which E.m escapes killing by the complement system and provides potential targets for immunotherapy for parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wentao Wang, Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18980601895, Fax +86-028-85422871, Email
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Magda M, Bettoni S, Laabei M, Fairley D, Russo TA, Riesbeck K, Blom AM. Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter spp. Are Highly Serum Resistant Despite Efficient Recognition by the Complement System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814193. [PMID: 35173727 PMCID: PMC8841485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria from the genus Acinetobacter are responsible for life-threating hospital-related infections such as pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis, especially in immunocompromised patients. Worryingly, Acinetobacter have become multi- and extensively drug resistant (MDR/XDR) over the last few decades. The complement system is the first line of defense against microbes, thus it is highly important to increase our understanding of evasion mechanisms used by Acinetobacter spp. Here, we studied clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. (n=50), aiming to characterize their recognition by the complement system. Most isolates tested survived 1 h incubation in 30% serum, and only 8 isolates had a lower survival rate, yet none of those isolates were fully killed. Intriguingly, four isolates survived in human whole blood containing all cell component. Their survival was, however, significantly reduced. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that most of the isolates were detected by human IgG and IgM. Interestingly, we could not detect any significant concentration of deposited C1q, despite observing C4b deposition that was abolished in C1q-deficient serum, indicating transient binding of C1q to bacteria. Moreover, several isolates were recognized by MBL, with C4b deposition abolished in MBL-deficient serum. C3b was deposited on most isolates, but this was not, however, seen with respect to C5b and formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), indicating that many isolates could avoid complement-mediated lysis. India ink staining showed that isolates were capsulated, and capsule thickness varied significantly between isolates. Studies performed on a wild-type strain and capsule mutant strains, demonstrated that the production of a capsular polysaccharide is one mechanism that mediates resistance to complement-mediated bactericidal activity by preventing MAC deposition and lysis. Our data showed that most clinical Acinetobacter spp. isolates are highly serum resistant despite being efficiently recognized by the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Magda
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Serena Bettoni
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Fairley
- Department of Microbiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Russo
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Anna M. Blom,
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Cutaneous amyloidosis (CA) is defined by the accumulation of amyloid in the dermis; it might be primary or secondary. The diagnosis is based on histopathological findings with the demonstration of amyloid deposits, confirmed by Congo red stain under the polarized light. Studies on other diagnostic markers are ongoing in the literature. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the utility of C4d staining in the recognition of amyloid in CA and using it as an alternative or substitute marker for the diagnosis. In this retrospective study, 199 skin biopsies with a clinical provisional diagnosis of CA were analyzed, the Congo red stain was performed, and, in a subgroup (n = 97) with histopathological findings probably for CA, C4d immunohistochemistry was assessed. Forty-eight cases of CA were detected. Congo red birefringence was positive in all cases, whereas in 14 cases, it was faded. In these 14 cases, the diagnosis of CA was made by means of Congo red fluorescence and Thioflavin T because the histopathological findings were highly suggestive for CA. All CA cases were positive with C4d, and in 12 of the 49 inflammatory dermatoses, C4d was positive. The interpretation of C4d immunohistochemistry can be performed more easily and rapidly than Congo red evaluation. The sensitivity and specificity of C4d were 100% and 75.5%, respectively. In our experience, C4d staining was a useful method for detecting amyloid deposits in CA. Although Congo red staining is the gold standard for amyloid detection, we propose C4d immunohistochemistry as a routine screening method or hybrid transition while further investigations are completed.
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Yudin NS, Yurchenko AA, Larkin DM. [Signatures of selection and candidate genes for adaptation to extreme environmental factors in the genomes of Turano-Mongolian cattle breeds]. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:190-201. [PMID: 34901717 PMCID: PMC8627871 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the environment force populations of organisms to adapt to new conditions, either through phenotypic plasticity or through genetic or epigenetic changes. Signatures of selection, such as specific changes in the frequency of alleles and haplotypes, as well as the reduction or increase in genetic diversity, help to identify changes in the cattle genome in response to natural and artificial selection, as well as loci and genetic variants directly affecting adaptive and economically important traits. Advances in genetics and biotechnology enable a rapid transfer of unique genetic variants that have originated in local cattle breeds in the process of adaptation to local environments into the genomes of cosmopolitan high-performance breeds, in order to preserve their outstanding performance in new environments. It is also possible to use genomic selection approach to increase the frequency of already present adaptive alleles in cosmopolitan breeds. The review examines recent work on the origin and evolution of Turano-Mongolian cattle breeds, adaptation of Turano-Mongolian cattle to extreme environments, and summarizes available information on potential candidate genes for climate adaptation of Turano-Mongolian breeds, including cold resistance genes, immune response genes, and high-altitude adaptation genes. The authors conclude that the current literature data do not provide preference to one of the two possible scenarios of Turano-Mongolian breed origins: as a result of the domestication of a wild aurochs at East Asia or as a result of the migration of taurine proto-population from the Middle East. Turano-Mongolian breeds show a high degree of adaptation to extreme climatic conditions (cold, heat, lack of oxygen in the highlands) and parasites (mosquitoes, ticks, bacterial and viral infections). As a result of high-density genotyping and sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes, prospective candidate genes and genetic variants involved in adaptation to environmental factors have recently been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Yudin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Yurchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D M Larkin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Tran HDN, Moonshi SS, Xu ZP, Ta HT. Influence of nanoparticles on the haemostatic balance: between thrombosis and haemorrhage. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:10-50. [PMID: 34775503 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of a delicate haemostatic balance or a balance between clotting and bleeding is critical to human health. Irrespective of administration route, nanoparticles can reach the bloodstream and might interrupt the haemostatic balance by interfering with one or more components of the coagulation, anticoagulation, and fibrinolytic systems, which potentially lead to thrombosis or haemorrhage. However, inadequate understanding of their effects on the haemostatic balance, along with the fact that most studies mainly focus on the functionality of nanoparticles while forgetting or leaving behind their risk to the body's haemostatic balance, is a major concern. Hence, our review aims to provide a comprehensive depiction of nanoparticle-haemostatic balance interactions, which has not yet been covered. The synergistic roles of cells and plasma factors participating in haemostatic balance are presented. Possible interactions and interference of each type of nanoparticle with the haemostatic balance are comprehensively discussed, particularly focusing on the underlying mechanisms. Interactions of nanoparticles with innate immunity potentially linked to haemostasis are mentioned. Various physicochemical characteristics that influence the nanoparticle-haemostatic balance are detailed. Challenges and future directions are also proposed. This insight would be valuable for the establishment of nanoparticles that can either avoid unintended interference with the haemostatic balance or purposely downregulate/upregulate its key components in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong D N Tran
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia. .,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia. .,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is known to cause both mucosal and systemic infections in humans. In this study, we used a combination of quantitative and structural mass spectrometry techniques to determine the composition and structure of the interaction network formed between human plasma proteins and the surfaces of different S. pyogenes serotypes. Quantitative network analysis revealed that S. pyogenes forms serotype-specific interaction networks that are highly dependent on the domain arrangement of the surface-attached M protein. Subsequent structural mass spectrometry analysis and computational modeling of one of the M proteins, M28, revealed that the network structure changes across different host microenvironments. We report that M28 binds secretory IgA via two separate binding sites with high affinity in saliva. During vascular leakage mimicked by increasing plasma concentrations in saliva, the binding of secretory IgA was replaced by the binding of monomeric IgA and C4b-binding protein (C4BP). This indicates that an upsurge of C4BP in the local microenvironment due to damage to the mucosal membrane drives the binding of C4BP and monomeric IgA to M28. These results suggest that S. pyogenes has evolved to form microenvironment-dependent host-pathogen protein complexes to combat human immune surveillance during both mucosal and systemic infections. IMPORTANCEStreptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus [GAS]), is a human-specific Gram-positive bacterium. Each year, the bacterium affects 700 million people globally, leading to 160,000 deaths. The clinical manifestations of S. pyogenes are diverse, ranging from mild and common infections like tonsillitis and impetigo to life-threatening systemic conditions such as sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. S. pyogenes expresses multiple virulence factors on its surface to localize and initiate infections in humans. Among all these expressed virulence factors, the M protein is the most important antigen. In this study, we perform an in-depth characterization of the human protein interactions formed around one of the foremost human pathogens. This strategy allowed us to decipher the protein interaction networks around different S. pyogenes strains on a global scale and to compare and visualize how such interactions are mediated by M proteins.
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Thofte O, Bettoni S, Su YC, Thegerström J, Jonsson S, Mattsson E, Sandblad L, Martí S, Garmendia J, Blom AM, Riesbeck K. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae P5 Binds Human C4b-Binding Protein, Promoting Serum Resistance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1566-1577. [PMID: 34433620 PMCID: PMC8428749 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of P5 at the surface of NTHi positively correlates with C4BP binding. C4BP bound to the bacterial surface retains its complement inhibitory capacity. C4BP binding to P5 is important for NTHi serum resistance.
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative human pathogen that causes infections mainly in the upper and lower respiratory tract. The bacterium is associated with bronchitis and exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and frequently causes acute otitis media in preschool children. We have previously demonstrated that the binding of C4b binding protein (C4BP) is important for NTHi complement evasion. In this study, we identified outer membrane protein 5 (P5) of NTHi as a novel ligand of C4BP. Importantly, we observed significantly lower C4BP binding and decreased serum resistance in P5-deficient NTHi mutants. Surface expression of recombinant P5 on Escherichia coli conferred C4BP binding and consequently increased serum resistance. Moreover, P5 expression was positively correlated with C4BP binding in a series of clinical isolates. We revealed higher levels of P5 surface expression and consequently more C4BP binding in isolates from the lower respiratory tract of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and tonsil specimens compared with isolates from the upper respiratory tract and the bloodstream (invasive strains). Our results highlight P5 as an important protein for protecting NTHi against complement-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Thofte
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Serena Bettoni
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yu-Ching Su
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - John Thegerström
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sandra Jonsson
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Mattsson
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Linda Sandblad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Sara Martí
- Microbiology Department, Research Network for Respiratory Diseases, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Anna M Blom
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden;
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PD-L1 Dependent Immunogenic Landscape in Hot Lung Adenocarcinomas Identified by Transcriptome Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184562. [PMID: 34572789 PMCID: PMC8469831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer, with non-small-cell lung cancer as its most common form, is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and shows a poor prognosis. Despite recent advantages in the field of immunotherapy, there is still a great need for an improved understanding of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade-responsive biology. Since immune cell infiltration is regarded as an important parameter in this field, we aimed to identify the immunogenic landscape in primary lung adenocarcinoma on the transcriptomic level in context with tumoral PD-L1 expression (positive vs. negative) and extent of immune infiltration (“hot” vs. “cold” phenotype). Our results reveal that genes that are related to the tumor microenvironment are differentially expressed based on tumoral PD-L1 expression indicating novel aspects of PD-L1 regulation, with potential biological relevance, as well as relevance for immunotherapy response stratification. Abstract Background: Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The clinical development of immune checkpoint blockade has dramatically changed the treatment paradigm for patients with lung cancer. Yet, an improved understanding of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade-responsive biology is warranted. Methods: We aimed to identify the landscape of immune cell infiltration in primary lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in the context of tumoral PD-L1 expression and the extent of immune infiltration (“hot” vs. “cold” phenotype). The study comprises LUAD cases (n = 138) with “hot” (≥150 lymphocytes/HPF) and “cold” (<150 lymphocytes/HPF) tumor immune phenotype and positive (>50%) and negative (<1%) tumor PD-L1 expression, respectively. Tumor samples were immunohistochemically analyzed for expression of PD-L1, CD4, and CD8, and further investigated by transcriptome analysis. Results: Gene set enrichment analysis defined complement, IL-JAK-STAT signaling, KRAS signaling, inflammatory response, TNF-alpha signaling, interferon-gamma response, interferon-alpha response, and allograft rejection as significantly upregulated pathways in the PD-L1-positive hot subgroup. Additionally, we demonstrated that STAT1 is upregulated in the PD-L1-positive hot subgroup and KIT in the PD-L1-negative hot subgroup. Conclusion: The presented study illustrates novel aspects of PD-L1 regulation, with potential biological relevance, as well as relevance for immunotherapy response stratification.
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Lance EI, Faulcon LM, Fu Z, Yang J, Whyte-Stewart D, Strouse JJ, Barron-Casella E, Jones K, Van Eyk JE, Casella JF, Everett AD. Proteomic discovery in sickle cell disease: Elevated neurogranin levels in children with sickle cell disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2021; 15:e2100003. [PMID: 33915030 PMCID: PMC8666096 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy that causes stroke and silent cerebral infarct (SCI). Our aim was to identify markers of brain injury in SCD. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasma proteomes were analyzed using a sequential separation approach of hemoglobin (Hb) and top abundant plasma protein depletion, followed by reverse phase separation of intact proteins, trypsin digestion, and tandem mass spectrometry. We compared plasma proteomes of children with SCD with and without SCI in the Silent Cerebral Infarct Multi-Center Clinical Trial (SIT Trial) to age-matched, healthy non-SCD controls. RESULTS From the SCD group, 1172 proteins were identified. Twenty-five percent (289/1172) were solely in the SCI group. Twenty-five proteins with enriched expression in the human brain were identified in the SCD group. Neurogranin (NRGN) was the most abundant brain-enriched protein in plasma of children with SCD. Using a NRGN sandwich immunoassay and SIT Trial samples, median NRGN levels were higher at study entry in children with SCD (0.28 ng/mL, N = 100) compared to control participants (0.12 ng/mL, N = 25, p < 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE NRGN levels are elevated in children with SCD. NRGN and other brain-enriched plasma proteins identified in plasma of children with SCD may provide biochemical evidence of neurological injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eboni I. Lance
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Zongming Fu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna Whyte-Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John J. Strouse
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Emily Barron-Casella
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly Jones
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James F. Casella
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allen D. Everett
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Bello FO, Akanmu AS, Adeyemo TA, Idowu BM, Okonkwo P, Kanki PJ. Derangement of protein S and C4b-binding protein levels as acquired thrombophilia in HIV-infected adult Nigerians. South Afr J HIV Med 2021; 22:1253. [PMID: 34522427 PMCID: PMC8424758 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v22i1.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV is a chronic inflammatory state with the production of many acute-phase-reactant proteins. Some of these proteins have procoagulant activities that predispose HIV-infected patients to thrombosis. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of HIV infection on the serum levels of C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and protein S as markers of predisposition to thrombosis in HIV-infected adults. METHODS The study population comprised of 61 HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral treatment (ART) who had achieved virological suppression, 58 HIV-infected adults not yet on ART and 59 HIV-negative healthy controls. The serum levels of free protein S, C4BP and the euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) were determined. RESULTS The mean plasma-free protein S level of HIV-infected patients on ART (86.9% ± 25.8%) was significantly higher than that of treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients (75.7% ± 27.3%) (p = 0.005). Conversely, there was no statistically significant difference between the protein S levels of the HIV-infected subjects on ART (86.9% ± 25.8%) and those of the controls (94.9% ± 7.9%) (p = 0.119). The mean C4BP was significantly higher in the treatment-naïve HIV-infected subjects (36.7 ± 1.7 ng/dL) than that in those on ART (30.7 ± 2.6 ng/dL) and that in the controls (22.4 ± 2.4 ng/dL) (p < 0.0001). Protein S deficiency was more prevalent among the subjects with elevated C4BP (p = 0.023). The mean ECLT was significantly more prolonged in the treatment-naïve HIV-infected subjects (241.9 ± 34.7 s) than controls (189.5 ± 40.7 s) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION HIV infection causes elevated levels of C4BP and diminishes the serum levels of free protein S. We infer that the risk of thrombosis (as measured by these biomarkers) decreases with the use of antiretroviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatai O Bello
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Alani S Akanmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Titilope A Adeyemo
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Bukunmi M Idowu
- Department of Radiology, Union Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | | | - Phyllis J Kanki
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Sasaki K, Takano S, Tomizawa S, Miyahara Y, Furukawa K, Takayashiki T, Kuboki S, Takada M, Ohtsuka M. C4b-binding protein α-chain enhances antitumor immunity by facilitating the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:212. [PMID: 34167573 PMCID: PMC8228942 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies indicate that complement plays pivotal roles in promoting or suppressing cancer progression. We have previously identified C4b-binding protein α-chain (C4BPA) as a serum biomarker for the early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we elucidated the functional roles of C4BPA in PDAC cells and the tumor microenvironment. Methods We assessed stromal C4BPA, the C4BPA binding partner CD40, and the number of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in resected human PDAC tissues via immunohistochemical staining. The biological functions of C4BPA were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and human PDAC cell lines. Mouse C4BPA (mC4BPA) peptide, which is composed of 30 amino acids from the C-terminus and binds to CD40, was designed for further in vitro and in vivo experiments. In a preclinical experiment, we assessed the efficacy of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP), dual immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs), and mC4BPA peptide in a mouse orthotopic transplantation model. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that high stromal C4BPA and CD40 was associated with favorable PDAC prognosis (P=0.0005). Stromal C4BPA strongly correlated with the number of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (P=0.001). In in vitro experiments, flow cytometry revealed that recombinant human C4BPA (rhC4BPA) stimulation increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers in PBMCs. rhC4BPA also promoted the proliferation of CD40-expressing PDAC cells. By contrast, combined treatment with gemcitabine and rhC4BPA increased PDAC cell apoptosis rate. mC4BPA peptide increased the number of murine T lymphocytes in vitro and the number of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes surrounding PDAC tumors in vivo. In a preclinical study, GnP/ICBs/mC4BPA peptide treatment, but not GnP treatment, led to the accumulation of a greater number of CD8+ T cells in the periphery of PDAC tumors and to greater tumor regression than did control treatment. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the combination of GnP therapy with C4BPA inhibits PDAC progression by promoting antitumor T cell accumulation in the tumor microenvironment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02019-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Sasaki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Takano
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Tomizawa
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yoji Miyahara
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Katsunori Furukawa
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takayashiki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuboki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takada
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
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