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Zhang B, Yu J, Zhu G, Huang Y, Zhang K, Xiao X, He W, Yuan J, Gao X. Dapoxetine, a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, Suppresses Zika Virus Infection In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:8142. [PMID: 38138628 PMCID: PMC10745718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, and is a pathogen posing a significant threat to human health. Currently, there is a lack of internationally approved antiviral drugs for the treatment of ZIKV infection, and symptomatic management remains the primary clinical approach. Consequently, the exploration of safe and effective anti-ZIKV drugs has emerged as a paramount imperative in ZIKV control efforts. In this study, we performed a screening of a compound library consisting of 1789 FDA-approved drugs to identify potential agents with anti-ZIKV activity. We have identified dapoxetine, an orally administered selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly employed for the clinical management of premature ejaculation (PE), as a potential inhibitor of ZIKV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Consequently, we conducted surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis to validate the specific binding of dapoxetine to ZIKV RdRp, and further evaluated its inhibitory effect on ZIKV RdRp synthesis using the ZIKV Gluc reporter gene assay. Furthermore, we substantiated the efficacy of dapoxetine in suppressing intracellular replication of ZIKV, thereby demonstrating a concentration-dependent antiviral effect (EC50 values ranging from 4.20 μM to 12.6 μM) and negligible cytotoxicity (CC50 > 50 μM) across diverse cell lines. Moreover, cell fluorescence staining and Western blotting assays revealed that dapoxetine effectively reduced the expression of ZIKV proteins. Collectively, our findings suggest that dapoxetine exhibits anti-ZIKV effects by inhibiting ZIKV RdRp activity, positioning it as a potential candidate for clinical therapeutic intervention against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Jianchen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Ge Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yun Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Kexin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Xuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenxuan He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
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Sankhala RS, Dussupt V, Donofrio G, Gromowski GD, De La Barrera RA, Larocca RA, Mendez-Rivera L, Lee A, Choe M, Zaky W, Mantus G, Jensen JL, Chen WH, Gohain N, Bai H, McCracken MK, Mason RD, Leggat D, Slike BM, Tran U, Jian N, Abbink P, Peterson R, Mendes EA, Freitas de Oliveira Franca R, Calvet GA, Bispo de Filippis AM, McDermott A, Roederer M, Hernandez M, Albertus A, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Rolland M, Robb ML, Lynch RM, Barouch DH, Jarman RG, Thomas SJ, Modjarrad K, Michael NL, Krebs SJ, Joyce MG. Zika-specific neutralizing antibodies targeting inter-dimer envelope epitopes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112942. [PMID: 37561630 PMCID: PMC10775418 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen that causes devastating congenital defects. The overlapping epidemiology and immunologic cross-reactivity between ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) pose complex challenges to vaccine design, given the potential for antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. Therefore, classification of ZIKV-specific antibody targets is of notable value. From a ZIKV-infected rhesus macaque, we identify ZIKV-reactive B cells and isolate potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with no cross-reactivity to DENV. We group these mAbs into four distinct antigenic groups targeting ZIKV-specific cross-protomer epitopes on the envelope glycoprotein. Co-crystal structures of representative mAbs in complex with ZIKV envelope glycoprotein reveal envelope-dimer epitope and unique dimer-dimer epitope targeting. All four specificities are serologically identified in convalescent humans following ZIKV infection, and representative mAbs from all four groups protect against ZIKV replication in mice. These results provide key insights into ZIKV-specific antigenicity and have implications for ZIKV vaccine, diagnostic, and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwer S Sankhala
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Gina Donofrio
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Rafael A De La Barrera
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Rafael A Larocca
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Anna Lee
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Weam Zaky
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Grace Mantus
- George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jaime L Jensen
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neelakshi Gohain
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongjun Bai
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Michael K McCracken
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - David Leggat
- Vaccine Research Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bonnie M Slike
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Ursula Tran
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Ningbo Jian
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Peter Abbink
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rebecca Peterson
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Erica Araujo Mendes
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Guilherme Amaral Calvet
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Morgane Rolland
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca M Lynch
- George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center of Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
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Wang Y, Ling L, Zhang Z, Marin-Lopez A. Current Advances in Zika Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111816. [PMID: 36366325 PMCID: PMC9694033 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging arthropod-borne flavivirus, was first isolated in Uganda in 1947 from monkeys and first detected in humans in Nigeria in 1952; it has been associated with a dramatic burden worldwide. Since then, interventions to reduce the burden of ZIKV infection have been mainly restricted to mosquito control, which in the end proved to be insufficient by itself. Hence, the situation prompted scientists to increase research on antivirals and vaccines against the virus. These efforts are still ongoing as the pathogenesis and immune evasion mechanisms of ZIKV have not yet been fully elucidated. Understanding the viral disease mechanism will provide a better landscape to develop prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against ZIKV. Currently, no specific vaccines or drugs have been approved for ZIKV. However, some are undergoing clinical trials. Notably, different platforms have been evaluated for the design of vaccines, including DNA, mRNA, viral vectors, virus-like particles (VLPs), inactivated virus, live attenuated virus, peptide and protein-based vaccines, passive immunizations by using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and vaccines that target vector-derived antigens. These vaccines have been shown to induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses and reduce viremia and viral RNA titers, both in vitro and in vivo. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current advancements in the development of vaccines against Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine Technology Communication, Shanghai Customs College, Shanghai 201204, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Lin Ling
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine Technology Communication, Shanghai Customs College, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zilei Zhang
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine Technology Communication, Shanghai Customs College, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Alejandro Marin-Lopez
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, USA
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Vaccines against Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases: An Overview. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091385. [PMID: 36146463 PMCID: PMC9503027 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of diseases that are highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, and closely associated with poverty and marginalized populations. Infectious diseases affect over 1.6 billion people annually, and vaccines are the best prophylactic tool against them. Along with NTDs, emerging and reemerging infectious diseases also threaten global public health, as they can unpredictably result in pandemics. The recent advances in vaccinology allowed the development and licensing of new vaccine platforms that can target and prevent these diseases. In this work, we discuss the advances in vaccinology and some of the difficulties found in the vaccine development pipeline for selected NTDs and emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, including HIV, Dengue, Ebola, Chagas disease, malaria, leishmaniasis, zika, and chikungunya.
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5
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McCarthy EE, Odorizzi PM, Lutz E, Smullin CP, Tenvooren I, Stone M, Simmons G, Hunt PW, Feeney ME, Norris PJ, Busch MP, Spitzer MH, Rutishauser RL. A cytotoxic-skewed immune set point predicts low neutralizing antibody levels after Zika virus infection. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110815. [PMID: 35584677 PMCID: PMC9151348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although generating high neutralizing antibody levels is a key component of protective immunity after acute viral infection or vaccination, little is known about why some individuals generate high versus low neutralizing antibody titers. Here, we leverage the high-dimensional single-cell profiling capacity of mass cytometry to characterize the longitudinal cellular immune response to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in viremic blood donors in Puerto Rico. During acute ZIKV infection, we identify widely coordinated responses across innate and adaptive immune cell lineages. High frequencies of multiple activated cell types during acute infection are associated with high titers of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies 6 months post-infection, while stable immune features suggesting a cytotoxic-skewed immune set point are associated with low titers. Our study offers insight into the coordination of immune responses and identifies candidate cellular biomarkers that may offer predictive value in vaccine efficacy trials aimed at inducing high levels of antiviral neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E McCarthy
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pamela M Odorizzi
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Emma Lutz
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Carolyn P Smullin
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Iliana Tenvooren
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter W Hunt
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Philip J Norris
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Rachel L Rutishauser
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Florian IA, Lupan I, Sur L, Samasca G, Timiș TL. To be, or not to be… Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102983. [PMID: 34718164 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is currently the most frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis on a global scale, being an autoimmune disorder wherein demyelination of the peripheral nerves occurs. Its main clinical features are a symmetrical ascending muscle weakness with reduced osteotendinous reflexes and variable sensory involvement. GBS most commonly occurs after an infection, especially viral (including COVID-19), but may also transpire after immunization with certain vaccines or in the development of specific malignancies. Immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, and glucocorticoids represent the principal treatment modalities, however patients with severe disease progression may require supportive therapy in an intensive care unit. Due to its symptomology, which overlaps with numerous neurological and infectious illnesses, the diagnosis of GBS may often be misattributed to pathologies that are essentially different from this syndrome. Moreover, many of these require specific treatment methods distinct to those recommended for GBS, in lack of which the prognosis of the patient is drastically affected. Such diseases include exposure to toxins either environmental or foodborne, central nervous system infections, metabolic or serum ion alterations, demyelinating pathologies, or even conditions amenable to neurosurgical intervention. This extensive narrative review aims to systematically and comprehensively tackle the most notable and challenging differential diagnoses of GBS, emphasizing on the clinical discrepancies between the diseases, the appropriate paraclinical investigations, and suitable management indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Alexandru Florian
- Department of Neurology, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Iulia Lupan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Lucia Sur
- Department of Pediatrics I, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Gabriel Samasca
- Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Teodora Larisa Timiș
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Jin H, Jiao C, Cao Z, Huang P, Chi H, Bai Y, Liu D, Wang J, Feng N, Li N, Zhao Y, Wang T, Gao Y, Yang S, Xia X, Wang H. An inactivated recombinant rabies virus displaying the Zika virus prM-E induces protective immunity against both pathogens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009484. [PMID: 34086672 PMCID: PMC8208564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread of Zika virus (ZIKV), which caused a pandemic associated with Congenital Zika Syndrome and neuropathology in newborns and adults, prompted the pursuit of a safe and effective vaccine. Here, three kinds of recombinant rabies virus (RABV) encoding the prM-E protein of ZIKV were constructed: ZI-D (prM-E), ZI-E (transmembrane domain (TM) of prM-E replaced with RABV G) and ZI-F (signal peptide and TM domain of prM-E replaced with the region of RABV G). When the TM of prM-E was replaced with the region of RABV G (termed ZI-E), it promoted ZIKV E protein localization on the cell membrane and assembly on recombinant viruses. In addition, the change in the signal peptide with RABV G (termed ZI-F) was not conducive to foreign protein expression. The immunogenicity of recombinant viruses mixed with a complex adjuvant of ISA 201 VG and poly(I:C) was tested in BALB/c mice. After immunization with ZI-E, the anti-ZIKV IgG antibody lasted for at least 10 weeks. The titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against ZIKV and RABV at week 6 were all greater than the protective titers. Moreover, ZI-E stimulated the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and promoted the secretion of cytokines. It also promoted the production of central memory T cells (TCMs) among CD4+/CD8+ T cells and stimulated B cell activation and maturation. These results indicate that ZI-E could induce ZIKV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, which have the potential to be developed into a promising vaccine for protection against both ZIKV and RABV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Cuicui Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zengguo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (XX); (HW)
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (XX); (HW)
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8
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Zika Virus Pathogenesis: A Battle for Immune Evasion. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030294. [PMID: 33810028 PMCID: PMC8005041 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and its associated congenital and other neurological disorders, particularly microcephaly and other fetal developmental abnormalities, constitute a World Health Organization (WHO) Zika Virus Research Agenda within the WHO’s R&D Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics, and continue to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) today. ZIKV pathogenicity is initiated by viral infection and propagation across multiple placental and fetal tissue barriers, and is critically strengthened by subverting host immunity. ZIKV immune evasion involves viral non-structural proteins, genomic and non-coding RNA and microRNA (miRNA) to modulate interferon (IFN) signaling and production, interfering with intracellular signal pathways and autophagy, and promoting cellular environment changes together with secretion of cellular components to escape innate and adaptive immunity and further infect privileged immune organs/tissues such as the placenta and eyes. This review includes a description of recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying ZIKV immune modulation and evasion that strongly condition viral pathogenesis, which would certainly contribute to the development of anti-ZIKV strategies, drugs, and vaccines.
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Cibulski S, Varela APM, Teixeira TF, Cancela MP, Sesterheim P, Souza DO, Roehe PM, Silveira F. Zika Virus Envelope Domain III Recombinant Protein Delivered With Saponin-Based Nanoadjuvant From Quillaja brasiliensis Enhances Anti-Zika Immune Responses, Including Neutralizing Antibodies and Splenocyte Proliferation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632714. [PMID: 33746970 PMCID: PMC7969523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoadjuvants that combine immunostimulatory properties and delivery systems reportedly bestow major improvements on the efficacy of recombinant, protein-based vaccines. Among these, self-assembled micellar formulations named ISCOMs (immune stimulating complexes) show a great ability to trigger powerful immunological responses against infectious pathogens. Here, a nanoadjuvant preparation, based on saponins from Quillaja brasiliensis, was evaluated together with an experimental Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine (IQB80-zEDIII) and compared to an equivalent vaccine with alum as the standard adjuvant. The preparations were administered to mice in two doses (on days zero and 14) and immune responses were evaluated on day 28 post-priming. Serum levels of anti-Zika virus IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c, IgG3 were significantly increased by the nanoadjuvant vaccine, compared to the mice that received the alum-adjuvanted vaccine or the unadjuvanted vaccine. In addition, a robust production of neutralizing antibodies and in vitro splenocyte proliferative responses were observed in mice immunized with IQB80-zEDIII nanoformulated vaccine. Therefore, the IQB80-zEDIII recombinant preparation seems to be a suitable candidate vaccine for ZIKV. Overall, this study identified saponin-based delivery systems as an adequate adjuvant for recombinant ZIKV vaccines and has important implications for recombinant protein-based vaccine formulations against other flaviviruses and possibly enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cibulski
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia-CBiotec, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Muterle Varela
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thais Fumaco Teixeira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martín Pablo Cancela
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sesterheim
- Centro de Cardiologia Experimental, Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando Silveira
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Dussupt V, Modjarrad K, Krebs SJ. Landscape of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Zika and Dengue: Therapeutic Solutions and Critical Insights for Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2021; 11:621043. [PMID: 33664734 PMCID: PMC7921836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented 2015-2016 Zika outbreak in the Americas sparked global concern and drove the rapid deployment of vaccine and therapeutic countermeasures against this re-emerging pathogen. Alongside vaccine development, a number of potent neutralizing antibodies against Zika and related flaviviruses have been identified in recent years. High-throughput antibody isolation approaches have contributed to a better understanding of the B cell responses elicited following infection and/or vaccination. Structure-based approaches have illuminated species-specific and cross-protective epitopes of therapeutic value. This review will highlight previously described monoclonal antibodies with the best therapeutic potential against ZIKV and related flaviviruses, and discuss their implications for the rational design of better vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dussupt
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Abstract
Background: In the past 5 years, the Zika virus (ZIKV) has gone from being associated with mild infection to one of the most studied viruses worldwide. Between 2015 and 2016, the first reports of pregnant women with confirmed and/or suspected ZIKV infection described fetuses and newborns with severe congenital malformations, in particular microcephaly and central nervous system malformations, leading to a strong suspicion of its association with the virus. Despite all the knowledge rapidly acquired since the beginning of the ZIKV outbreak, many questions are still to be answered and further studies on the infection and its consequences are required.Aim: To present the currently available evidence on the epidemiological and clinical aspects of ZIKV infection.Methods: Non-systematic review carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (VHL), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane and CAPES Portal databases for the past five years using the search terms arboviruses, flavivirus, Zika and ZIKV.Results: The acute clinical of ZIKV infection in children seems very similar to that in adults, with fever (usully low), rash maculopapular and pruritus. Neurological complication associated with ZIKV reported in the literature include Guillain-Barré syndrome and meningoencephalitis. More recently, the term congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) has been adopted to describe a set of symptoms and signs in children whose mothers had ZIKV infection confirmed during pregnancy.Conclusions: More detailed knowledge of ZIKV infection in children allows the pediatrician to diagnose earlier, implement the correct treatment, monitor warnings signs for the most severe forms, and especially establish effective preventive measures.Abbreviations:: CDC, Centers for Disease Control; CZS, congenital Zika syndrome; DEET, N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide; GBS, Guillain-Barré syndrome; PRNT, plaque reduction neutralisation test; RNA, ribonucleic acid; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; STX, saxitoxin; ZIKV, Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlos Melo Martins
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Childcare and Pediatrics Martagão Gesteira, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto De Andrade Medronho
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
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Manna S, Dey S, Biswas S, Nandy A, Basak SC. Current Perspective of Zika Virus and Vaccine Development. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2020; 000:1-9. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Gasco S, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. A Review on the Current Knowledge on ZIKV Infection and the Interest of Organoids and Nanotechnology on Development of Effective Therapies against Zika Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010035. [PMID: 33375140 PMCID: PMC7792973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) acquired a special relevance due to the pandemic that occurred in the Americas in 2015, when an important number of fetal microcephaly cases occurred. Since then, numerous studies have tried to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms and the potential therapeutic approaches to combat the virus. Cellular and animal models have proved to be a basic resource for this research, with the more recent addition of organoids as a more realistic and physiological 3D culture for the study of ZIKV. Nanotechnology can also offer a promising therapeutic tool, as the nanoparticles developed by this field can penetrate cells and deliver a wide array of drugs in a very specific and controlled way inside the cells. These two state-of-the-art scientific tools clearly provide a very relevant resource for the study of ZIKV, and will help researchers find an effective treatment or vaccine against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Gasco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-91-462-4684
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Collier ARY, Borducchi EN, Chandrashekar A, Moseley E, Peter L, Teodoro NS, Nkolola J, Abbink P, Barouch DH. Sustained maternal antibody and cellular immune responses in pregnant women infected with Zika virus and mother to infant transfer of Zika-specific antibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13288. [PMID: 32557984 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Evaluation of Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific humoral and cellular immune response in pregnant women exposed to ZIKV. METHOD OF STUDY In this observational, prospective cohort study, we recruited pregnant women presenting for prenatal ultrasound for ZIKV exposure at a single academic teaching hospital in Boston, MA from November 2016 to December 2018. We collected blood, urine, and cervicovaginal swabs antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum; and cord blood and placenta at delivery. We used experimental assays to calculate quantitative viral loads, ZIKV-specific immunoglobulin titers, and ZIKV-specific T-cell responses. RESULTS We enrolled 22 participants, three of which had serologic-confirmed ZIKV infection. No participants demonstrated sustained ZIKV shedding. ZIKV-specific IgG/IgM antibody was sustained throughout pregnancy and postpartum. ZIKV envelope and capsid-specific T-cell responses were also observed, albeit inconsistent. No newborns in this cohort had congenital Zika syndrome. Infant cord blood of infected mothers exhibited ZIKV-specific IgG, but not IgM antibodies. CONCLUSION We detected a robust, prolonged maternal humoral immune response to ZIKV during pregnancy and postpartum. We also demonstrated evidence for efficient transplacental antibody transfer from mother to infant at birth, supporting the importance of neonatal passive immunity to ZIKV. Maternal T-cell responses were less consistent among pregnant women infected with ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ris Y Collier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erica N Borducchi
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Moseley
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Peter
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas S Teodoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Abbink
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Pattnaik A, Sahoo BR, Pattnaik AK. Current Status of Zika Virus Vaccines: Successes and Challenges. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020266. [PMID: 32486368 PMCID: PMC7349928 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently emerged Zika virus (ZIKV) spread to the Americas, causing a spectrum of congenital diseases including microcephaly in newborn and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults. The unprecedented nature of the epidemic and serious diseases associated with the viral infections prompted the global research community to understand the immunopathogenic mechanisms of the virus and rapidly develop safe and efficacious vaccines. This has led to a number of ZIKV vaccine candidates that have shown significant promise in human clinical trials. These candidates include nucleic acid vaccines, inactivated vaccines, viral-vectored vaccines, and attenuated vaccines. Additionally, a number of vaccine candidates have been shown to protect animals in preclinical studies. However, as the epidemic has waned in the last three years, further development of the most promising vaccine candidates faces challenges in clinical efficacy trials, which is needed before a vaccine is brought to licensure. It is important that a coalition of government funding agencies and private sector companies is established to move forward with a safe and effective vaccine ready for deployment when the next ZIKV epidemic occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryamav Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Bikash R. Sahoo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-472-1067
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Qu P, Zhang C, Li M, Ma W, Xiong P, Liu Q, Zou G, Lavillette D, Yin F, Jin X, Huang Z. A new class of broadly neutralizing antibodies that target the glycan loop of Zika virus envelope protein. Cell Discov 2020; 6:5. [PMID: 32025335 PMCID: PMC6997156 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection poses a serious threat to human health. However, no licensed vaccine or therapeutic drug is currently available for ZIKV. We have previously shown that recombinant ZIKV E80 protein induced potent neutralizing antibody response and protected mice from lethal viral challenge. In the present study, we isolated five ZIKV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from E80-immunized mice. These five mAbs specifically bound and neutralized Asian-lineage ZIKV strains. Epitope mapping revealed that all of the five mAbs recognized a novel linear epitope located on the glycan loop of E protein domain I. Sequence alignment revealed that the epitope was extremely conserved in ZIKV but highly variable between ZIKV and other flaviviruses. Thus, these five mAbs form a new class of anti-ZIKV antibodies exhibiting broad-spectrum neutralization on Asian-lineage ZIKV. A representative of this mAb class, 5F8, was found to exert inhibitory function in vitro primarily at the early stage of the post-attachment viral entry process. Importantly, mAb 5F8 was able to confer full protection in a mouse model of ZIKV lethal infection. Our results have strong implications for developing anti-ZIKV vaccines and therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Weimin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Pei Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Dimitri Lavillette
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Feifei Yin
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571101 China
- Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine Tropical Diseases, Department of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571101 China
| | - Xia Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Zhong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
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Potent Zika and dengue cross-neutralizing antibodies induced by Zika vaccination in a dengue-experienced donor. Nat Med 2020; 26:228-235. [PMID: 32015557 PMCID: PMC7018608 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused significant disease, with widespread cases of neurological pathology and congenital neurologic defects. Rapid vaccine development has led to a number of candidates capable of eliciting potent ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies (reviewed in refs. 1-3). Despite advances in vaccine development, it remains unclear how ZIKV vaccination affects immune responses in humans with prior flavivirus immunity. Here we show that a single-dose immunization of ZIKV purified inactivated vaccine (ZPIV)4-7 in a dengue virus (DENV)-experienced human elicited potent cross-neutralizing antibodies to both ZIKV and DENV. Using a unique ZIKV virion-based sorting strategy, we isolated and characterized multiple antibodies, including one termed MZ4, which targets a novel site of vulnerability centered on the Envelope (E) domain I/III linker region and protects mice from viremia and viral dissemination following ZIKV or DENV-2 challenge. These data demonstrate that Zika vaccination in a DENV-experienced individual can boost pre-existing flavivirus immunity and elicit protective responses against both ZIKV and DENV. ZPIV vaccination in Puerto Rican individuals with prior flavivirus experience yielded similar cross-neutralizing potency after a single vaccination, highlighting the potential benefit of ZIKV vaccination in flavivirus-endemic areas.
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Choi H, Kudchodkar SB, Reuschel EL, Asija K, Borole P, Agarwal S, Van Gorder L, Reed CC, Gulendran G, Ramos S, Broderick KE, Kim JJ, Ugen KE, Kobinger G, Siegel DL, Weiner DB, Muthumani K. Synthetic nucleic acid antibody prophylaxis confers rapid and durable protective immunity against Zika virus challenge. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:907-918. [PMID: 31799896 PMCID: PMC7227701 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1688038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant concerns have arisen over the past 3 y from the increased global spread of the mosquito-borne flavivirus, Zika. Accompanying this spread has been an increase in cases of the devastating birth defect microcephaly as well as of Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults in many affected countries. Currently there is no vaccine or therapy for this infection; however, we sought to develop a combination approach that provides more rapid and durable protection than traditional vaccination alone. A novel immune-based prophylaxis/therapy strategy entailing the facilitated delivery of a synthetic DNA consensus prME vaccine along with DNA-encoded anti-ZIKV envelope monoclonal antibodies (dMAb) were developed and evaluated for antiviral efficacy. This immediate and persistent protection strategy confers the ability to overcome shortcomings inherent with conventional active vaccination or passive immunotherapy. A collection of novel dMAbs were developed which were potent against ZIKV and could be expressed in serum within 24-48 h of in vivo administration. The DNA vaccine, from a previous development, was potent after adaptive immunity was developed, protecting against infection, brain and testes pathology in relevant mouse challenge models and in an NHP challenge. Delivery of potent dMAbs protected mice from the same murine viral challenge within days of delivery. Combined injection of dMAb and the DNA vaccine afforded rapid and long-lived protection in this challenge model, providing an important demonstration of the advantage of this synergistic approach to pandemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeree Choi
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Emma L. Reuschel
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kanika Asija
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Piyush Borole
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangya Agarwal
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucas Van Gorder
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gayathri Gulendran
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | | | | | - J Joseph Kim
- R&D, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Ugen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Don L. Siegel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA,CONTACT Kar Muthumani Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Evolution of the innate and adaptive immune response in women with acute Zika virus infection. Nat Microbiol 2019; 5:76-83. [PMID: 31792427 PMCID: PMC6938397 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shoukat A, Vilches T, Moghadas SM. Cost-effectiveness of Prophylactic Zika Virus Vaccine in the Americas. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:2191-2196. [PMID: 31742512 PMCID: PMC6874261 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.181324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus remains a major public health concern because of its association with microcephaly and other neurologic disorders in newborns. A prophylactic vaccine has the potential to reduce disease incidence and eliminate birth defects resulting from prenatal Zika virus infection in future outbreaks. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a Zika vaccine candidate, assuming a protection efficacy of 60%–90%, for 18 countries in the Americas affected by the 2015–2017 Zika virus outbreaks. Encapsulating the demographics of these countries in an agent-based model, our results show that vaccinating women of reproductive age would be very cost-effective for sufficiently low (<$16) vaccination costs per recipient, depending on the country-specific Zika attack rate. In all countries studied, the median reduction of microcephaly was >75% with vaccination. These findings indicate that targeted vaccination of women of reproductive age is a noteworthy preventive measure for mitigating the effects of Zika virus infection in future outbreaks.
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Giraldo-García AM, Castaño-Osorio JC. Effects of Flavivirus Cross-Reactivity (Zika and Dengue) on the Development of Vaccines for Use in Pregnancy. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-019-00191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Immunological Assays used to Support Efficacy of Zika Virus Vaccines. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:tropicalmed4030097. [PMID: 31261617 PMCID: PMC6789453 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In February of 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Zika virus (ZIKV) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This prompted a rapid response from both the private and public sector resulting in the generation of several promising vaccine candidates. In this review, we discuss published scientific efforts associated with these novel vaccines, emphasizing the immunological assays used to evaluate their immunogenicity and efficacy, and support future licensure.
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23
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Yang C, Zeng F, Gao X, Zhao S, Li X, Liu S, Li N, Deng C, Zhang B, Gong R. Characterization of two engineered dimeric Zika virus envelope proteins as immunogens for neutralizing antibody selection and vaccine design. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10638-10648. [PMID: 31138647 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The envelope protein of Zika virus (ZIKV) exists as a dimer on the mature viral surface and is an attractive antiviral target because it mediates viral entry. However, recombinant soluble wild-type ZIKV envelope (wtZE) might preferentially exist as monomer (monZE). Recently, it has been shown that the A264C substitution could promote formation of dimeric ZIKV envelope protein (ZEA264C), requiring further characterization of purified ZEA264C for its potential applications in vaccine development. We also noted that ZEA264C, connected by disulfide bond, might be different from the noncovalent native envelope dimer on the virion surface. Because the antibody Fc fragment exists as dimer and is widely used for fusion protein construction, here we fused wtZE to human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) Fc fragment (ZE-Fc) for noncovalent wtZE dimerization. Using a multistep purification procedure, we separated dimeric ZEA264C and ZE-Fc, revealing that they both exhibit typical β-sheet-rich secondary structures and stabilities similar to those of monZE. The binding activities of monZE, ZEA264C, and ZE-Fc to neutralizing antibodies targeting different epitopes indicated that ZEA264C and ZE-Fc could better mimic the native dimeric status, especially in terms of the formation of tertiary and quaternary epitopes. Both ZEA264C and ZE-Fc recognize a ZIKV-sensitive cell line as does monZE, indicating that the two constructs are still functional. Furthermore, a murine immunization assay disclose that ZEA264C and ZE-Fc elicit more neutralizing antibody responses than monZE does. These results suggest that the two immunogen candidates ZEA264C and ZE-Fc have potential utility for neutralizing antibody selection and vaccine design against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Yang
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and
| | - Fang Zeng
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and
| | - Xinyu Gao
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and
| | - Shaojuan Zhao
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and
| | - Xuan Li
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Na Li
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and
| | - Chenglin Deng
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Rui Gong
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China,
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24
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Shanmugam RK, Ramasamy V, Shukla R, Arora U, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. Pichia pastoris-expressed Zika virus envelope domain III on a virus-like particle platform: design, production and immunological evaluation. Pathog Dis 2019; 77:5480462. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus which shares antigenic similarity and the mosquito vector with dengue viruses (DENVs). ZIKV is a neurotropic virus capable of causing congenital neurodevelopmental birth defects. As ZIKV antibodies (Abs) can potentially enhance infection by DENVs, a preventive ZIKV vaccine must be designed to eliminate antibody dependent enhancement of infection. We developed a Zika Subunit Vaccine (ZSV) consisting of two proteins, ZS and S, in a genetically pre-determined ratio of 1:4, using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. ZS is an in-frame fusion of ZIKV envelope domain III with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen, and S is the un-fused HBV surface antigen. Using specific monoclonal Abs we showed the presence of ZS and S in the co-purified material which were found to co-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), based on dynamic light scattering and electron microscopic analyses. These VLPs were immunogenic in BALB/c mice, eliciting Abs capable of neutralizing ZIKV reporter virus particles. Further, the VLP-induced Abs did not enhance a sub-lethal DENV-2 challenge in AG129 mice. This important safety feature, coupled to the well-documented advantage of P. pastoris expression system, warrants further exploration of ZSV VLP as a possible vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajgokul K Shanmugam
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi -110067, India
| | - Viswanathan Ramasamy
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi -110067, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi -110067, India
| | - Upasana Arora
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi -110067, India
| | - Sathyamangalam Swaminathan
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi -110067, India
| | - Navin Khanna
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi -110067, India
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, India
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25
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Ravichandran S, Hahn M, Belaunzarán-Zamudio PF, Ramos-Castañeda J, Nájera-Cancino G, Caballero-Sosa S, Navarro-Fuentes KR, Ruiz-Palacios G, Golding H, Beigel JH, Khurana S. Differential human antibody repertoires following Zika infection and the implications for serodiagnostics and disease outcome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1943. [PMID: 31028263 PMCID: PMC6486612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Americas led to extensive efforts to develop vaccines and ZIKV-specific diagnostics. In the current study, we use whole genome phage display library spanning the entire ZIKV genome (ZIKV-GFPDL) for in-depth immune profiling of IgG and IgM antibody repertoires in serum and urine longitudinal samples from individuals acutely infected with ZIKV. We observe a very diverse IgM immune repertoire encompassing the entire ZIKV polyprotein on day 0 in both serum and urine. ZIKV-specific IgG antibodies increase 10-fold between day 0 and day 7 in serum, but not in urine; these are highly focused on prM/E, NS1 and NS2B. Differential antibody affinity maturation is observed against ZIKV structural E protein compared with nonstructural protein NS1. Serum antibody affinity to ZIKV-E protein inversely correlates with ZIKV disease symptoms. Our study provides insight into unlinked evolution of immune response to ZIKV infection and identified unique targets for ZIKV serodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Ravichandran
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Megan Hahn
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Pablo F Belaunzarán-Zamudio
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | | | | | - Sandra Caballero-Sosa
- Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Tapachula, 30740, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - Guillermo Ruiz-Palacios
- Comisión Coordinadora de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - John H Beigel
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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26
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Siddique R, Liu Y, Nabi G, Sajjad W, Xue M, Khan S. Zika Virus Potentiates the Development of Neurological Defects and Microcephaly: Challenges and Control Strategies. Front Neurol 2019; 10:319. [PMID: 31024421 PMCID: PMC6465516 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the Zika Virus (ZIKV) epidemic, thousands of cases presenting ZIKV symptoms were recorded in Brazil, Colombia (South America), French Polynesia and other countries of Central and North America. In Brazil, during ZIKV outbreak thousands of microcephaly cases occurred that caused a state of urgency among scientists and researchers to confirm the suspected association between ZIKV infection and microcephaly. In this review article we comprehensively studied scientific literature to analyze ZIKV relationship with microcephaly, recent experimental studies, challenge and shortcomings in previously published reports to know about the current status of this association. The evidences supporting the association of ZIKV infection with congenital microcephaly and fetal brain tissue damage is rapidly increasing, and supplying recent information about pathology, clinical medicine, epidemiology, mechanism and experimental studies. However, serious attention is required toward ZIKV vaccine development, standardization of anthropometric techniques, centralization of data, and advance research to clearly understand the mechanism of ZIKV infection causing microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeea Siddique
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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27
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Lecouturier V, Bernard MC, Berry C, Carayol S, Richier E, Boudet F, Heinrichs J. Immunogenicity and protection conferred by an optimized purified inactivated Zika vaccine in mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:2679-2686. [PMID: 30967310 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
After decades of inconsequential infections, and sporadic outbreaks in the Asia-Pacific region between 2007 and 2013, Zika virus caused a widespread epidemic in South America in 2015 that was complicated by severe congenital infections. After the WHO declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in February 2016, vaccine development efforts based on different platforms were initiated. Several candidates have since been evaluated in clinical phase I studies. Of these, a Zika purified inactivated vaccine (ZPIV), adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide, developed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), yielded high seroconversion rates. Sanofi Pasteur further optimized the vaccine in terms of production scale, purification conditions and regulatory compliance, using its experience in flavivirus vaccine development. Here we report that the resulting optimized vaccine (ZPIV-SP) elicited robust seroneutralizing antibody responses and provided complete protection from homologous Zika virus strain challenge in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. ZPIV-SP also showed improved immunogenicity compared with the first-generation vaccine, and improved efficacy in the more permissive interferon receptor-deficient A129 mice. Finally, analysis of the IgG response directed towards nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) suggests that viral NS1 was efficiently removed during the optimized purification process of ZPIV-SP. Together, these results suggest that the optimized vaccine is well suited for further evaluation in larger animal models and late-stage clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine Berry
- Research & Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Eric Richier
- Analytical R&D Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Florence Boudet
- Research & Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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28
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Mercaldo RA, Bellan SE. Evaluation of alternative endpoints for ZIKV vaccine efficacy trials. Vaccine 2019; 37:2099-2105. [PMID: 30871928 PMCID: PMC6450563 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with microcephaly and other birth defects, collectively termed Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). During the epidemic in 2015-16, ZIKV spread through the Americas and quickly joined the list of other known teratogenic pathogens, TORCH. Multiple ZIKV vaccines have been developed for protection of pregnant women and women of childbearing age. However, ZIKV infection incidence has since waned substantially, and adverse birth outcomes are rare outcomes of infection. Studying a vaccine's protective efficacy against CZS in a large phase III clinical trial may be infeasible in such times of low incidence. Should trials be initiated, researchers may resort to alternative clinical endpoints. In this study, we simulate a variety of vaccine clinical trial scenarios to evaluate the feasibility of the CZS endpoint in vaccine studies and compare CZS to other potential outcomes: ZIKV infection detected through weekly, biweekly, or monthly testing and laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic Zika Virus Disease. We compare the sample size required for 80% statistical power to detect vaccine efficacy and trial duration for each scenario. Our results show the feasibility of CZS clinical endpoints depends on the timing of simulated clinical trials in the course of a seasonal epidemic, due to CZS risk varying with trimester of infection. This result highlights additional considerations needed when designing vaccine efficacy trials of protection against teratogenic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Mercaldo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Steven E Bellan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; South African Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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29
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Bailey MJ, Broecker F, Duehr J, Arumemi F, Krammer F, Palese P, Tan GS. Antibodies Elicited by an NS1-Based Vaccine Protect Mice against Zika Virus. mBio 2019; 10:e02861-18. [PMID: 30940710 PMCID: PMC6445944 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02861-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which can cause severe disease in humans, including microcephaly and other congenital malformations in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. There are currently no approved prophylactics or therapeutics for Zika virus; the development of a safe and effective vaccine is an urgent priority. Preclinical studies suggest that the envelope glycoprotein can elicit potently neutralizing antibodies. However, such antibodies are implicated in the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. We have previously shown that monoclonal antibodies targeting the Zika virus nonstructural NS1 protein are protective without inducing antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. Here, we investigated whether the NS1 protein itself is a viable vaccine target. Wild-type mice were vaccinated with an NS1-expressing DNA plasmid followed by two adjuvanted protein boosters, which elicited high antibody titers. Passive transfer of the immune sera was able to significantly protect STAT2 knockout mice against lethal challenge by Zika virus. In addition, long-lasting NS1-specific IgG responses were detected in serum samples from patients in either the acute or the convalescent phase of Zika virus infection. These NS1-specific antibodies were able to functionally engage Fcγ receptors. In contrast, envelope-specific antibodies did not activate Fc-mediated effector functions on infected cells. Our data suggest that the Zika virus NS1 protein, which is expressed on infected cells, is critical for Fc-dependent cell-mediated immunity. The present study demonstrates that the Zika virus NS1 protein is highly immunogenic and can elicit protective antibodies, underscoring its potential for an effective Zika virus vaccine.IMPORTANCE Zika virus is a global public health threat that causes microcephaly and congenital malformations in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Currently, no vaccines or treatments are available. While antibodies targeting the envelope glycoprotein can neutralize virus, they carry the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of disease (ADE). In contrast, antibodies generated against the NS1 protein can be protective without eliciting ADE. The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of an NS1-based vaccine in eliciting high titers of protective antibodies against Zika virus disease in a mouse model. Sera generated by this vaccine can elicit Fc-mediated effector functions against Zika virus-infected cells. Lastly, we provide human data suggesting that the antibody response against the Zika virus NS1 protein is long-lasting and functionally active. Overall, our work will inform the development of a safe and effective Zika virus vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunization Schedule
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Bailey
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Felix Broecker
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - James Duehr
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fortuna Arumemi
- Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gene S Tan
- Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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30
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Lew WJ, Tsai WY, Balaraman V, Liow KK, Tyson J, Wang WK. Zika Virus: Relevance to the State of Hawai'i. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & PUBLIC HEALTH : A JOURNAL OF ASIA PACIFIC MEDICINE & PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 78:123-127. [PMID: 30972234 PMCID: PMC6452016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is spread among human populations primarily through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. While most ZIKV infections are asymptomatic or cause self-limited symptoms, the major concerns are its association with Guillain-Barré Syndrome and fetal microcephaly together with other birth defects, known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). This article reviews the confirmed Zika cases in the continental United States (U.S.) and Hawai'i thus far, as well as literature of Zika research relevant to Hawai'i. The first case of CZS within the U.S. was reported in Hawai'i, highlighting the unique position of Hawai'i for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Recent studies of the Zika outbreak in Florida demonstrate the key role of Ae. aegypti mosquito in transmission; continuous and proactive vector surveillance in Hawai'i is warranted. Additionally, an updated interim pregnancy guidance for pregnant women with possible ZIKV exposure was summarized. Due to recent decline of ZIKV transmission in the Americas, the risk of ZIKV importation to Hawai'i has been greatly reduced. However, given the presence of Aedes mosquitoes, climate condition, and status of Hawai'i as a travel destination and foreign import market, public health officials and healthcare providers should remain vigilant for a potential outbreak of mosquito-borne diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Lew
- Saint Francis High School, Mountain View, CA (WJL)
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (WYT, JT, WKW)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (VB)
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Professor of Medicine (Neurology), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Director, Hawai'i Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI (KKL)
| | - Wen-Yang Tsai
- Saint Francis High School, Mountain View, CA (WJL)
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (WYT, JT, WKW)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (VB)
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Professor of Medicine (Neurology), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Director, Hawai'i Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI (KKL)
| | - Venkataraman Balaraman
- Saint Francis High School, Mountain View, CA (WJL)
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (WYT, JT, WKW)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (VB)
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Professor of Medicine (Neurology), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Director, Hawai'i Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI (KKL)
| | - Kore Kai Liow
- Saint Francis High School, Mountain View, CA (WJL)
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (WYT, JT, WKW)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (VB)
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Professor of Medicine (Neurology), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Director, Hawai'i Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI (KKL)
| | - Jasmine Tyson
- Saint Francis High School, Mountain View, CA (WJL)
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (WYT, JT, WKW)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (VB)
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Professor of Medicine (Neurology), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Director, Hawai'i Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI (KKL)
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Saint Francis High School, Mountain View, CA (WJL)
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (WYT, JT, WKW)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (VB)
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Professor of Medicine (Neurology), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Director, Hawai'i Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI (KKL)
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Salvador E, Pires de Souza G, Cotta Malaquias L, Wang T, Leomil Coelho L. Identification of relevant regions on structural and nonstructural proteins of Zika virus for vaccine and diagnostic test development: an in silico approach. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 29:100506. [PMID: 30858979 PMCID: PMC6396434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and the genus Flavivirus. Infection with ZIKV causes a mild, self-limiting febrile illness called Zika fever. However, ZIKV infection has been recently associated with microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Vaccines for the disease are a high priority of World Health Organization. Several studies are currently being conducted to develop a vaccine against ZIKV, but until now there is no licensed ZIKV vaccine. This study used a novel immunoinformatics approach to identify potential T-cell immunogenic epitopes present in the structural and nonstructural proteins of ZIKV. Fourteen T-cell candidate epitopes were identified on ZIKV structural and nonstructural proteins: pr36-50; C61-75; C103-117; E374-382; E477-491; NS2a90-104; NS2a174-188; NS2a179-193; NS2a190-204; NS2a195-209; NS2a200-214; NS3175-189; and NS4a82-96; NS4a99-113. Among these epitopes, only E374-382 is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type I restricted epitope. All identified epitopes showed a low similarity with other important flaviviruses but had a high conservation rate among the ZIKV strains and a high population coverage rate. Therefore, these predicted T-cell epitopes are potential candidates targets for development of vaccines to prevent ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Salvador
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G.A. Pires de Souza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L.C. Cotta Malaquias
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T. Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - L.F. Leomil Coelho
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Corresponding author: L. F. Leomil Coelho, Laboratório de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro, 700 Centro, Alfenasm Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil.
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Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 and Zika virus: tale of two reemerging viruses with neuropathological sequelae of public health concern. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:289-300. [PMID: 30693421 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have been considered neglected viruses of low public health concern until recently when incidences of HTLV-1 and ZIKV were observed to be linked to serious immune-related disease and neurological complications. This review will discuss the epidemiology, genomic evolution, virus-host interactions, virulence factors, neuropathological sequelae, and current perspectives of these reemerging viruses. There are no FDA-approved therapeutics or vaccines against these viruses, and as such, it is important for clinical trials to focus on developing vaccines that can induce cell-mediated immune response to confer long-term protective immunity. Furthermore, attention should be paid to reducing the transmission of these viruses through unprotected sex, infected blood during sharing of contaminated needles, donated blood and organs, and vertical transmission from mother to baby via breastfeeding. There is an urgent need to re-evaluate repurposing current antiviral therapies as well as developing novel antiviral agents with enhanced efficacy due to the high morbidity rate associated with these two reemerging chronic viral diseases.
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Pre-Existing Dengue Immunity Drives a DENV-Biased Plasmablast Response in ZIKV-Infected Patient. Viruses 2018; 11:v11010019. [PMID: 30597938 PMCID: PMC6356269 DOI: 10.3390/v11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the western hemisphere has most significantly affected dengue virus (DENV) endemic regions. Due to the geographical overlap between these two closely related flaviviruses, numerous individuals who suffered ZIKV infection during recent outbreaks may have also previously been exposed to DENV. As such, the impact of pre-existing dengue immunity on immune responses to ZIKV has been an area of focused research and interest. To understand how B cell responses to a ZIKV infection may be modulated by prior dengue exposures, we compared and contrasted plasmablast repertoire and specificity between two ZIKV-infected individuals, one dengue-naïve (ZK018) and the other dengue-experienced (ZK016). In addition to examining serological responses, we generated 59 patient plasmablast-derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to define the heterogeneity of the early B cell response to ZIKV. Both donors experienced robust ZIKV-induced plasmablast expansions early after infection, with comparable mutational frequencies in their antibody variable genes. However, notable differences were observed in plasmablast clonality and functional reactivity. Plasmablasts from the dengue-experienced donor ZK016 included cells with shared clonal origin, while ZK018 mAbs were entirely clonally unrelated. Both at the mAb and plasma level, ZK016 antibodies displayed extensive cross-reactivity to DENV1-4, and preferentially neutralized DENV compared to ZIKV. In contrast, the neutralization activity of ZK018 mAbs was primarily directed towards ZIKV, and fewer mAbs from this donor were cross-reactive, with the cross-reactive phenotype largely limited to fusion loop-specific mAbs. ZK016 antibodies caused greater enhancement of DENV2 infection of FcRγ-expressing cells overall compared to ZK018, with a striking difference at the plasma level. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the breadth and protective capacity of the initial antibody responses after ZIKV infection may depend on the dengue immune status of the individual. These findings have implications for vaccine design, given the likelihood that future epidemics will involve both dengue-experienced and naïve populations.
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Human antibodies targeting Zika virus NS1 provide protection against disease in a mouse model. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4560. [PMID: 30385750 PMCID: PMC6212565 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to dengue virus that can cause severe disease in humans, including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Specific treatments and vaccines for Zika virus are not currently available. Here, we isolate and characterize four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from an infected patient that target the non-structural protein NS1. We show that while these antibodies are non-neutralizing, NS1-specific mAbs can engage FcγR without inducing antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrate that mAb AA12 has protective efficacy against lethal challenges of African and Asian lineage strains of Zika virus in Stat2–/– mice. Protection is Fc-dependent, as a mutated antibody unable to activate known Fc effector functions or complement is not protective in vivo. This study highlights the importance of the ZIKV NS1 protein as a potential vaccine antigen. Zika virus infection can cause severe disease in humans and there are currently no specific treatments or vaccines. Here, Bailey et al. isolate antibodies recognizing non-structural protein NS1 and show that they protect mice from disease by an Fc-dependent, non-neutralizing mechanism.
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Britto C, Dold C, Reyes-Sandoval A, Rollier CS. Rapid travel to a Zika vaccine: are we heading towards success or more questions? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:1171-1179. [PMID: 30235422 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1526277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in Latin America in 2015-2016 led to an expeditious search for vaccine candidates, with a DNA-based candidate having progressed to Phase II. However, several features of ZIKV infection and epidemiology are not understood, which may be key to maximizing efficacy and ensuring safety of ZIKV vaccines. AREAS COVERED Conceivable problems related to vaccine development and policy include: (1) paucity of diagnostics to satisfactorily discriminate between past ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) exposure; (2) insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of ZIKV neurovirulence, amongst other unknowns in the biology of this infection, is particularly relevant from a vaccine safety perspective; and (3) the potential for disease enhancement, as observed with DENV infection and vaccine. EXPERT OPINION Vaccine candidates that entered phase I/II trials have demonstrated protection in naïve animal models, while ZIKV epidemics occurred in populations that had encountered DENV before. The resulting cross-reactive antibodies pose problems for reliable serologic diagnostic assays, and for the potential of disease enhancement. The alleged neurological complications also warrant further exploration in order to reassure regulators of the safety profile of these vaccines in target populations. These research aspects should be an integral part of the efforts to develop a vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Britto
- a Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics , University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, The Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine , Oxford , UK
| | - Christina Dold
- a Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics , University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, The Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine , Oxford , UK
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- b The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Christine S Rollier
- a Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics , University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, The Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine , Oxford , UK
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Tharakaraman K, Watanabe S, Chan KR, Huan J, Subramanian V, Chionh YH, Raguram A, Quinlan D, McBee M, Ong EZ, Gan ES, Tan HC, Tyagi A, Bhushan S, Lescar J, Vasudevan SG, Ooi EE, Sasisekharan R. Rational Engineering and Characterization of an mAb that Neutralizes Zika Virus by Targeting a Mutationally Constrained Quaternary Epitope. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:618-627.e6. [PMID: 29746833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Following the recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), many murine and human neutralizing anti-ZIKV antibodies have been reported. Given the risk of virus escape mutants, engineering antibodies that target mutationally constrained epitopes with therapeutically relevant potencies can be valuable for combating future outbreaks. Here, we applied computational methods to engineer an antibody, ZAb_FLEP, that targets a highly networked and therefore mutationally constrained surface formed by the envelope protein dimer. ZAb_FLEP neutralized a breadth of ZIKV strains and protected mice in distinct in vivo models, including resolving vertical transmission and fetal mortality in infected pregnant mice. Serial passaging of ZIKV in the presence of ZAb_FLEP failed to generate viral escape mutants, suggesting that its epitope is indeed mutationally constrained. A single-particle cryo-EM reconstruction of the Fab-ZIKV complex validated the structural model and revealed insights into ZAb_FLEP's neutralization mechanism. ZAb_FLEP has potential as a therapeutic in future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Tharakaraman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jia Huan
- School of Biological Sciences and Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Vidya Subramanian
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yok Hian Chionh
- Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aditya Raguram
- Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Devin Quinlan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Megan McBee
- Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eugenia Z Ong
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Esther S Gan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Anu Tyagi
- School of Biological Sciences and Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- School of Biological Sciences and Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Julien Lescar
- School of Biological Sciences and Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ram Sasisekharan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
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Abstract
Recent Zika virus outbreaks have been associated with severe outcomes, especially during pregnancy. A great deal of effort has been put toward understanding this virus, particularly the immune mechanisms responsible for rapid viral control in the majority of infections. Identifying and understanding the key mechanisms of immune control will provide the foundation for the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapy. Here, we outline a mathematical modeling approach for analyzing the within-host dynamics of Zika virus, and we describe how these models can be used to understand key aspects of the viral life cycle and to predict antiviral efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Best
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - Alan S. Perelson
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
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38
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Karkhah A, Nouri HR, Javanian M, Koppolu V, Masrour-Roudsari J, Kazemi S, Ebrahimpour S. Zika virus: epidemiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, and control of infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:2035-2043. [PMID: 30167886 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen of huge public health significance to human beings. Although majority of infections are benign with self-limiting symptoms, the recent outbreak has established an association with the increased incidence of some congenital anomalies such as microcephaly. In other words, due to the large extent of the virus and mosquito vectors, the infection has become a thoughtful health problem for human societies, though now, there are no antiviral therapies or vaccines against this virus. In spite of extensive research carried out by scientists, not so much information has been gathered about this viral infection. In the current review, we prepared an overview of the remarkable progress made in understanding about the epidemiology, immunology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis methods of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Karkhah
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mostafa Javanian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Veerendra Koppolu
- Scientist Biopharmaceutical Development Medimmune, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Jila Masrour-Roudsari
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Adenoviral vector type 26 encoding Zika virus (ZIKV) M-Env antigen induces humoral and cellular immune responses and protects mice and nonhuman primates against ZIKV challenge. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202820. [PMID: 30142207 PMCID: PMC6108497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, there was a large outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil. Despite its relatively mild impact on healthy adults, ZIKV infection during pregnancy has been associated with severe birth defects. Currently, there is no ZIKV vaccine available, but several vaccine candidates based on the ZIKV membrane (M) and envelope (Env) structural proteins showed promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a non-replicating adenoviral vector type 26 (Ad26) that encodes the ZIKV M-Env antigens (Ad26.ZIKV.M-Env) was evaluated in mice and non-human primates (NHP). Ad26.ZIKV.M-Env induced strong and durable cellular and humoral immune responses in preclinical models. Humoral responses were characterized by Env-binding and ZIKV neutralizing antibody responses while cellular responses were characterized by ZIKV reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Importantly, a single immunization with a very low dose of 4x107 vp of Ad26.ZIKV.M-Env protected mice from ZIKV challenge. In NHP, a single immunization with a typical human dose of 1x1011 vp of Ad26.ZIKV.M-Env also induced Env-binding and ZIKV neutralizing antibodies and Env and M specific cellular immune responses that associated with complete protection against viremia from ZIKV challenge as measured in plasma and other body fluids. Together these data provide the rationale to progress the Ad26.ZIKV.M-Env candidate vaccine to clinical testing.
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40
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Zika virus infection of first-trimester human placentas: utility of an explant model of replication to evaluate correlates of immune protection ex vivo. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 27:48-56. [PMID: 29172071 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) disease, with its devastating effects on the fetus, has prompted development of vaccines and examination of how ZIKV breaches the maternal-fetal barrier. Infection of placental and decidual tissue explants has demonstrated cell types at the uterine-placental interface susceptible to infection and suggests routes for transmission across the placenta and amniochorionic membrane. ZIKV replicates in proliferating Hofbauer cells within chorionic villi in placentas from severe congenital infection. Explants of anchoring villi recapitulate placental architecture and early-stage development and suggest infected Hofbauer cells disseminate virus to fetal blood vessels. ZIKV infection of explants represents a surrogate human model for evaluating protection against transmission by antibodies in vaccine recipients and passive immune formulations and novel therapeutics.
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Abstract
Why certain viruses cross the physical barrier of the human placenta but others do not is incompletely understood. Over the past 20 years, we have gained deeper knowledge of intrauterine infection and routes of viral transmission. This review focuses on human viruses that replicate in the placenta, infect the fetus, and cause birth defects, including rubella virus, varicella-zoster virus, parvovirus B19, human cytomegalovirus (CMV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and hepatitis E virus type 1. Detailed discussions include ( a) the architecture of the uterine-placental interface, ( b) studies of placental explants ex vivo that provide insights into the infection and spread of CMV and ZIKV to the fetal compartment and how these viruses undermine early development, and ( c) novel treatments and vaccines that limit viral replication and have the potential to reduce dissemination, vertical transmission and the occurrence of congenital disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenore Pereira
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA;
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42
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Shoukat A, Vilches T, Moghadas SM. Cost-effectiveness of a potential Zika vaccine candidate: a case study for Colombia. BMC Med 2018; 16:100. [PMID: 29966516 PMCID: PMC6029035 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of Zika vaccine platforms are currently being investigated, some of which have entered clinical trials. We sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a potential Zika vaccine candidate under the WHO Vaccine Target Product Profile for outbreak response, prioritizing women of reproductive age to prevent microcephaly and other neurological disorders. METHODS Using an agent-based simulation model of ZIKV transmission dynamics in a Colombian population setting, we conducted cost-effectiveness analysis with and without pre-existing herd immunity. The model was parameterized with estimates associated with ZIKV infection, risks of microcephaly in different trimesters, direct medical costs, and vaccination costs. We assumed that a single dose of vaccine provides a protection efficacy in the range 60% to 90% against infection. Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from a government perspective. RESULTS Under a favorable scenario when the reproduction number is relatively low (R0 = 2.2) and the relative transmissibility of asymptomatic infection is 10% compared with symptomatic infection, a vaccine is cost-saving (with negative incremental cost-effective ratio; ICER) for vaccination costs up to US$6 per individual without herd immunity, and up to US$4 per individual with 8% herd immunity. For positive ICER values, vaccination is highly cost-effective for vaccination costs up to US$10 (US$7) in the respective scenarios with the willingness-to-pay of US$6610 per disability-adjusted life-year, corresponding to the average per capita GDP of Colombia between 2013 and 2017. Our results indicate that the effect of other control measures targeted to reduce ZIKV transmission decreases the range of vaccination costs for cost-effectiveness due to reduced returns of vaccine-induced herd immunity. In all scenarios investigated, the median reduction of microcephaly exceeded 64% with vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that a Zika vaccine with protection efficacy as low as 60% could significantly reduce the incidence of microcephaly. From a government perspective, Zika vaccination is highly cost-effective, and even cost-saving in Colombia if vaccination costs per individual is sufficiently low. Efficacy data from clinical trials and number of vaccine doses will be important requirements in future studies to refine our estimates, and conduct similar studies in other at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Affan Shoukat
- Agent-Based Modelling Laboratory, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Thomas Vilches
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Seyed M Moghadas
- Agent-Based Modelling Laboratory, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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43
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Koblischke M, Stiasny K, Aberle SW, Malafa S, Tsouchnikas G, Schwaiger J, Kundi M, Heinz FX, Aberle JH. Structural Influence on the Dominance of Virus-Specific CD4 T Cell Epitopes in Zika Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1196. [PMID: 29899743 PMCID: PMC5989350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently caused explosive outbreaks in Pacific islands, South- and Central America. Like with other flaviviruses, protective immunity is strongly dependent on potently neutralizing antibodies (Abs) directed against the viral envelope protein E. Such Ab formation is promoted by CD4 T cells through direct interaction with B cells that present epitopes derived from E or other structural proteins of the virus. Here, we examined the extent and epitope dominance of CD4 T cell responses to capsid (C) and envelope proteins in Zika patients. All patients developed ZIKV-specific CD4 T cell responses, with substantial contributions of C and E. In both proteins, immunodominant epitopes clustered at sites that are structurally conserved among flaviviruses but have highly variable sequences, suggesting a strong impact of protein structural features on immunodominant CD4 T cell responses. Our data are particularly relevant for designing flavivirus vaccines and their evaluation in T cell assays and provide insights into the importance of viral protein structure for epitope selection and antigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan W Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Malafa
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julia Schwaiger
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz X Heinz
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith H Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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44
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Durham DP, Fitzpatrick MC, Ndeffo-Mbah ML, Parpia AS, Michael NL, Galvani AP. Evaluating Vaccination Strategies for Zika Virus in the Americas. Ann Intern Med 2018; 168:621-630. [PMID: 29610863 PMCID: PMC5955609 DOI: 10.7326/m17-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted Zika virus has become widespread across Central and South America and the Caribbean. Many Zika vaccine candidates are under active development. Objective To quantify the effect of Zika vaccine prioritization of females aged 9 to 49 years, followed by males aged 9 to 49 years, on incidence of prenatal Zika infections. Design A compartmental model of Zika transmission between mosquitoes and humans was developed and calibrated to empirical estimates of country-specific mosquito density. Mosquitoes were stratified into susceptible, exposed, and infected groups; humans were stratified into susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered, and vaccinated groups. Age-specific fertility rates, Zika sexual transmission, and country-specific demographics were incorporated. Setting 34 countries and territories in the Americas with documented Zika outbreaks. Target Population Males and females aged 9 to 49 years. Intervention Age- and sex-targeted immunization using a Zika vaccine with 75% efficacy. Measurements Annual prenatal Zika infections. Results For a base-case vaccine efficacy of 75% and vaccination coverage of 90%, immunizing females aged 9 to 49 years (the World Health Organization target population) would reduce the incidence of prenatal infections by at least 94%, depending on the country-specific Zika attack rate. In regions where an outbreak is not expected for at least 10 years, vaccination of women aged 15 to 29 years is more efficient than that of women aged 30 years or older. Limitation Population-level modeling may not capture all local and neighborhood-level heterogeneity in mosquito abundance or Zika incidence. Conclusion A Zika vaccine of moderate to high efficacy may virtually eliminate prenatal infections through a combination of direct protection and transmission reduction. Efficiency of age-specific targeting of Zika vaccination depends on the timing of future outbreaks. Primary Funding Source National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- DP Durham
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - MC Fitzpatrick
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - ML Ndeffo-Mbah
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - AS Parpia
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - NL Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - AP Galvani
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510
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Vielot NA, Stamm L, Herrington J, Squiers L, Kelly B, McCormack L, Becker-Dreps S. United States Travelers' Concern about Zika Infection and Willingness to Receive a Hypothetical Zika Vaccine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1848-1856. [PMID: 29692314 PMCID: PMC6086173 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing Zika pandemic has affected many countries that are common travel destinations. We assessed the willingness to receive a prophylactic Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine, currently under development, among travelers to areas with reported autochthonous ZIKV transmission. We surveyed United States (U.S.) residents aged 18–44 years who had ever heard of ZIKV and planned to travel to Florida and/or Texas (N = 420) or a U.S. territory or foreign country (N = 415) in 2017, using a nationally representative internet panel. Travelers to Florida and/or Texas reported less concern about ZIKV infection than travelers to other destinations (27% versus 36%, P = 0.01). Female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, discussing ZIKV with medical professionals, ZIKV risk perception, and self-efficacy for ZIKV prevention predicted concern about ZIKV infection in both groups. Travelers to Florida and/or Texas (43%) and other destinations (44%) were equally willing to receive a ZIKV vaccine. Hispanic ethnicity, discussing ZIKV with medical professionals, and concern about ZIKV infection predicted vaccine willingness in both groups. Likelihood of using existing ZIKV prevention methods, confidence in the U.S. government to prevent ZIKV spread, self-efficacy for ZIKV prevention, and knowledge about ZIKV symptoms further predicted vaccine willingness in travelers to other destinations. In multivariable analyses, only concern about ZIKV infection was associated with vaccine willingness in both groups (prevalence ratio [95% confidence interval]: Florida and/or Texas: 1.34 [1.06, 1.69]; other: 1.82 [1.44, 2.29]). Targeted communications can educate travelers, particularly travelers who are pregnant or may become pregnant, about ZIKV risk to generate ZIKV vaccine demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Vielot
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lola Stamm
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James Herrington
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Linda Squiers
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Bridget Kelly
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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He M, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang G, Tang B, Zhao J, Huang Y, Zheng J. Cathelicidin-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides Inhibit Zika Virus Through Direct Inactivation and Interferon Pathway. Front Immunol 2018; 9:722. [PMID: 29706959 PMCID: PMC5906549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotrophic flavivirus that is able to infect pregnant women and cause fetal brain abnormalities. Although there is a significant effort in identifying anti-ZIKV strategies, currently no vaccines or specific therapies are available to treat ZIKV infection. Antimicrobial peptides, which are potent host defense molecules in nearly all forms of life, have been found to be effective against several types of viruses such as HIV-1 and influenza A. However, they have not been tested in ZIKV infection. To determine whether antimicrobial peptides have anti-ZIKV effects, we used nine peptides mostly derived from human and bovine cathelicidins. Two peptides, GF-17 and BMAP-18, were found to have strong anti-ZIKV activities and little toxicity at 10 µM in an African green monkey kidney cell line. We further tested GF-17 and BMAP-18 in human fetal astrocytes, a known susceptible cell type for ZIKV, and found that GF-17 and BMAP-18 effectively inhibited ZIKV regardless of whether peptides were added before or after ZIKV infection. Interestingly, inhibition of type-I interferon signaling resulted in higher levels of ZIKV infection as measured by viral RNA production and partially reversed GF-17-mediated viral inhibition. More importantly, pretreatment with GF-17 and BMAP-18 did not affect viral attachment but reduced viral RNA early in the infection course. Direct incubation with GF-17 for 1 to 4 h specifically reduced the number of infectious Zika virions in the inoculum. In conclusion, these findings suggest that cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptides inhibit ZIKV through direct inactivation of the virus and via the interferon pathway. Strategies that harness antimicrobial peptides might be useful in halting ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Hainan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuju Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jeffrey Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yunlong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Abstract
The spread of Zika virus to the Americas was accompanied by surge in the number of infants with CNS abnormalities leading to a declaration of a health emergency by the WHO. This was accompanied by significant responses from governmental health agencies in the United States and Europe that resulted in significant new information described in the natural history of this perinatal infection in a very short period of time. Although much has been learned about Zika virus infection during pregnancy, limitations of current diagnostics and the challenges for accurate serologic diagnosis of acute Zika virus infection has restricted our understanding of the natural history of this perinatal infection to infants born to women with clinical disease during pregnancy and to Zika exposed infants with obvious clinical stigmata of disease. Thus, the spectrum of disease in infants exposed to Zika virus during pregnancy remains to be defined. In contrast, observations in informative animal models of Zika virus infections have provided rational pathways for vaccine development and existing antiviral drug development programs for other flaviviruses have resulted in accelerated development for potential antiviral therapies. This brief review will highlight some of the current concepts of the natural history of Zika virus during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Britt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Childrens Hospital Harbor Bldg 160, Birmingham, AL 35233.
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Modjarrad K, Lin L, George SL, Stephenson KE, Eckels KH, De La Barrera RA, Jarman RG, Sondergaard E, Tennant J, Ansel JL, Mills K, Koren M, Robb ML, Barrett J, Thompson J, Kosel AE, Dawson P, Hale A, Tan CS, Walsh SR, Meyer KE, Brien J, Crowell TA, Blazevic A, Mosby K, Larocca RA, Abbink P, Boyd M, Bricault CA, Seaman MS, Basil A, Walsh M, Tonwe V, Hoft DF, Thomas SJ, Barouch DH, Michael NL. Preliminary aggregate safety and immunogenicity results from three trials of a purified inactivated Zika virus vaccine candidate: phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Lancet 2018; 391:563-571. [PMID: 29217375 PMCID: PMC5884730 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)33106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A safe, effective, and rapidly scalable vaccine against Zika virus infection is needed. We developed a purified formalin-inactivated Zika virus vaccine (ZPIV) candidate that showed protection in mice and non-human primates against viraemia after Zika virus challenge. Here we present the preliminary results in human beings. METHODS We did three phase 1, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials of ZPIV with aluminium hydroxide adjuvant. In all three studies, healthy adults were randomly assigned by a computer-generated list to receive 5 μg ZPIV or saline placebo, in a ratio of 4:1 at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA, or of 5:1 at Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. Vaccinations were given intramuscularly on days 1 and 29. The primary objective was safety and immunogenicity of the ZPIV candidate. We recorded adverse events and Zika virus envelope microneutralisation titres up to day 57. These trials are registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT02963909, NCT02952833, and NCT02937233. FINDINGS We enrolled 68 participants between Nov 7, 2016, and Jan 25, 2017. One was excluded and 67 participants received two injections of Zika vaccine (n=55) or placebo (n=12). The vaccine caused only mild to moderate adverse events. The most frequent local effects were pain (n=40 [60%]) or tenderness (n=32 [47%]) at the injection site, and the most frequent systemic reactogenic events were fatigue (29 [43%]), headache (26 [39%]), and malaise (15 [22%]). By day 57, 52 (92%) of vaccine recipients had seroconverted (microneutralisation titre ≥1:10), with peak geometric mean titres seen at day 43 and exceeding protective thresholds seen in animal studies. INTERPRETATION The ZPIV candidate was well tolerated and elicited robust neutralising antibody titres in healthy adults. FUNDING Departments of the Army and Defense and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyi Lin
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sarah L George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Saint Louis VA Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathryn E Stephenson
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Janice Tennant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica L Ansel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin Mills
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael Koren
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Hale
- University of Vermont Medical Center and Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - C Sabrina Tan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen R Walsh
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith E Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - James Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Trevor A Crowell
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Azra Blazevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karla Mosby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rafael A Larocca
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Abbink
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boyd
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine A Bricault
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Basil
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Walsh
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Tonwe
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Saint Louis VA Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Valega-Mackenzie W, Ríos-Soto KR. Can Vaccination Save a Zika Virus Epidemic? Bull Math Biol 2018; 80:598-625. [PMID: 29359251 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a vector-borne disease that has rapidly spread during the year 2016 in more than 50 countries around the world. If a woman is infected during pregnancy, the virus can cause severe birth defects and brain damage in their babies. The virus can be transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes as well as through direct contact from human to human (e.g., sexual contact and blood transfusions). As an intervention for controlling the spread of the disease, we study a vaccination model for preventing Zika infections. Although there is no formal vaccine for ZIKV, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (part of the National Institutes of Health) has launched a vaccine trial at the beginning of August 2016 to control ZIKV transmission, patients who received the vaccine are expected to return within 44 weeks to determine if the vaccine is safe. Since it is important to understand ZIKV dynamics under vaccination, we formulate a vaccination model for ZIKV spread that includes mosquito as well as sexual transmission. We calculate the basic reproduction number of the model to analyze the impact of relatively, perfect and imperfect vaccination rates. We illustrate several numerical examples of the vaccination model proposed as well as the impact of the basic reproduction numbers of vector and sexual transmission and the effect of vaccination effort on ZIKV spread. Results show that high levels of sexual transmission create larger cases of infection associated with the peak of infected humans arising in a shorter period of time, even when a vaccine is available in the population. However, a high level of transmission of Zika from vectors to humans compared with sexual transmission represents that ZIKV will take longer to invade the population providing a window of opportunities to control its spread, for instance, through vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencel Valega-Mackenzie
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Mayagüez, 00681-9018, Puerto Rico
| | - Karen R Ríos-Soto
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Mayagüez, 00681-9018, Puerto Rico.
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50
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Makhluf H, Shresta S. Development of Zika Virus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:E7. [PMID: 29346287 PMCID: PMC5874648 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged as a global threat following the most recent outbreak in Brazil in 2015. ZIKV infection of pregnant women is associated with fetal abnormalities such as microcephaly, and infection of adults can lead to Guillain-Barré syndrome, an autoimmune disease characterized by neurological deficits. Although there are currently licensed vaccines for other flaviviruses, there remains an urgent need for preventative vaccines against ZIKV infection. Herein we describe the current efforts to accelerate the development of ZIKV vaccines using various platforms, including live attenuated virus, inactivated virus, DNA and RNA, viral vectors, and in silico-predicted immunogenic viral epitopes. Many of these approaches have leveraged lessons learned from past experience with Dengue and other flavivirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Makhluf
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, National University, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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