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Xie Z, Protzer U. Activating adaptive immunity by bispecific, T-cell engager antibodies bridging infected and immune-effector cells is a promising novel therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Antiviral Res 2024; 229:105972. [PMID: 39084340 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are engineered immunoglobulins that combine two different antigen-binding sites in one molecule. BsAbs can be divided into two molecular formats: IgG-like and non-IgG-like antibodies. Structural elements of each format have implications for engaging the immune system. T cell engager antibodies (TCEs) are bsAbs designed to engage T cells with target cells. TCEs can be applied not only in cancer but also in infectious disease therapy to activate T-cell responses. In this review, we focus on current literature on the design and use of bsAbs as an innovative strategy to enhance adaptive antiviral immune responses. We summarized the novel T cell-related immunotherapies with a focus on TCEs, that are developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) had a death toll of 1.1 million humans in 2022, mainly due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma developing in the more than 250 million humans chronically infected. A curative treatment approach for chronic hepatitis B is lacking. Combining antiviral therapy with immune therapies activating T-cell responses is regarded as the most promising therapeutic approach to curing HBV and preventing the sequelae of chronic infection. Attracting functionally intact T cells that are not HBV-specific and, therefore, have not yet been exposed to regulatory mechanisms and activating those at the target site in the liver is a very interesting therapeutic approach that could be achieved by TCEs. Thus, TCEs redirecting T cells toward HBV-positive cells represent a promising strategy for treating chronic hepatitis B and HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xie
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Sites, Germany.
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Mader K, Dustin LB. Beyond bNAbs: Uses, Risks, and Opportunities for Therapeutic Application of Non-Neutralising Antibodies in Viral Infection. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 38651408 PMCID: PMC11036282 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of antibodies generated against a virus will be non-neutralising. However, this does not denote an absence of protective capacity. Yet, within the field, there is typically a large focus on antibodies capable of directly blocking infection (neutralising antibodies, NAbs) of either specific viral strains or multiple viral strains (broadly-neutralising antibodies, bNAbs). More recently, a focus on non-neutralising antibodies (nNAbs), or neutralisation-independent effects of NAbs, has emerged. These can have additive effects on protection or, in some cases, be a major correlate of protection. As their name suggests, nNAbs do not directly neutralise infection but instead, through their Fc domains, may mediate interaction with other immune effectors to induce clearance of viral particles or virally infected cells. nNAbs may also interrupt viral replication within infected cells. Developing technologies of antibody modification and functionalisation may lead to innovative biologics that harness the activities of nNAbs for antiviral prophylaxis and therapeutics. In this review, we discuss specific examples of nNAb actions in viral infections where they have known importance. We also discuss the potential detrimental effects of such responses. Finally, we explore new technologies for nNAb functionalisation to increase efficacy or introduce favourable characteristics for their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn B. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
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Wholey WY, Meyer AR, Yoda ST, Mueller JL, Mathenge R, Chackerian B, Zikherman J, Cheng W. An integrated signaling threshold initiates IgG response towards virus-like immunogens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.28.577643. [PMID: 38469153 PMCID: PMC10926662 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.28.577643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Class-switched neutralizing antibody (nAb) production is rapidly induced upon many viral infections. However, due to the presence of multiple components in typical virions, the precise biochemical and biophysical signals from viral infections that initiate nAb responses remain inadequately defined. Using a reductionist system of synthetic virus-like structures (SVLS) containing minimal, highly purified biochemical components commonly found in enveloped viruses, here we show that a foreign protein on a virion-sized liposome can serve as a stand-alone danger signal to initiate class-switched nAb responses in the absence of cognate T cell help or Toll-like receptor signaling but requires CD19, the antigen (Ag) coreceptor on B cells. Introduction of internal nucleic acids (iNAs) obviates the need for CD19, lowers the epitope density (ED) required to elicit the Ab response and transforms these structures into highly potent immunogens that rival conventional virus-like particles in their ability to elicit strong Ag-specific IgG. As early as day 5 after immunization, structures harbouring iNAs and decorated with just a few molecules of surface Ag at doses as low as 100 ng induced all IgG subclasses of Ab known in mice and reproduced the IgG2a/2c restriction that has been long observed in live viral infections. These findings reveal a shared mechanism for nAb response upon viral infection. High ED is capable but not necessary for driving Ab secretion in vivo . Instead, even a few molecules of surface Ag, when combined with nucleic acids within these structures, can trigger strong antiviral IgG production. As a result, the signaling threshold for the induction of neutralizing IgG is set by dual signals originating from both ED on the surface and the presence of iNAs within viral particulate immunogens. One-sentence summary Reconstitution of minimal viral signals necessary to initiate antiviral IgG.
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Yu J, Caligiuri MA. Viral- and tumor-reactive natural killer cells. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101749. [PMID: 36965383 PMCID: PMC10192023 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
When we can understand what natural killer (NK) cells recognize during an encounter with an infectious pathogen or a tumor cell, and when we can understand how the NK cell responds to that encounter, we can then begin to understand the role of NK cells in human health and how to improve upon their role for the prevention and treatment of human disease. In the quest to understand how these cells function in antiviral and antitumoral immunity, there have been previously described mechanisms established for NK cells to participate in clearing viral infections and tumors, including classical NK cell antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) as well as recognition and elimination of transformed malignant cells through direct ligand interactions. However, it is now clear that there are additional mechanisms by which NK cells can participate in these critical immune tasks. Here we review two recently described types of NK cell recognition and response: the first is to primary infection with herpes virus, recognized and responded to by non-specific Fc bridged cellular cytotoxicity (FcBCC), and the second describes a novel phenotypic and functional response when a subset of NK cells recognize myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA; Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA; Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA; Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA.
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5
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Li Y, Xie S, Chen M, Li H, Wang Y, Fan Y, An K, Wu Y, Xiao W. Development of an antibody-ligand fusion protein scFvCD16A -sc4-1BBL in Komagataella phaffii with stimulatory activity for Natural Killer cells. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:67. [PMID: 37041591 PMCID: PMC10091686 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies have demonstrated substantial potential for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, its application is limited due to the difficulty in the production of a large number of NK cells in vitro and the insufficient therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors in vivo. Engineered antibodies or fusion proteins targeting activating receptors and costimulatory molecules of NK cells have been developed to encounter these problems. They are mostly produced in mammalian cells with high cost and long processing times. Yeast systems, such as Komagataella phaffii, present a convenient manipulation of microbial systems with the key advantages of improved folding machinery and low cost. RESULTS In this study, we designed an antibody fusion protein scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL, composed of the single chain variant fragment (scFv) of anti-CD16A antibody and the three extracellular domains (ECDs) of human 4-1BBL in a single-chain format (sc) with the GS linker, aiming to boost NK cell proliferation and activation. This protein complex was produced in the K. phaffii X33 system and purified by affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL complex showed comparable binding abilities to its two targets human CD16A and 4-1BB as its two parental moieties (scFvCD16A and monomer ECD (mn)4-1BBL). scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL specifically stimulated the expansion of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived NK cells in vitro. Furthermore, in the ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model, adoptive NK cell infusion combined with intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL further reduced the tumor burden and prolonged the survival time of mice. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrate the feasibility of the expression of the antibody fusion protein scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL in K. phaffii with favourable properties. scFvCD16A-sc4-1BBL stimulates PBMC-derived NK cell expansion in vitro and improves the antitumor activity of adoptively transferred NK cells in a murine model of ovarian cancer and may serve as a synergistic drug for NK immunotherapy in future research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Siqi Xie
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Minhua Chen
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yehai Wang
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Kang An
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
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6
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Wang MM, Koskela SA, Mehmood A, Langguth M, Maranou E, Figueiredo CR. Epigenetic control of CD1D expression as a mechanism of resistance to immune checkpoint therapy in poorly immunogenic melanomas. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152228. [PMID: 37077920 PMCID: PMC10106630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune Checkpoint Therapies (ICT) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, only a subset of patients reaches complete responses. Deficient β2-microglobulin (β2M) expression impacts antigen presentation to T cells, leading to ICT resistance. Here, we investigate alternative β2M-correlated biomarkers that associate with ICT resistance. We shortlisted immune biomarkers interacting with human β2M using the STRING database. Next, we profiled the transcriptomic expression of these biomarkers in association with clinical and survival outcomes in the melanoma GDC-TCGA-SKCM dataset and a collection of publicly available metastatic melanoma cohorts treated with ICT (anti-PD1). Epigenetic control of identified biomarkers was interrogated using the Illumina Human Methylation 450 dataset from the melanoma GDC-TCGA-SKCM study. We show that β2M associates with CD1d, CD1b, and FCGRT at the protein level. Co-expression and correlation profile of B2M with CD1D, CD1B, and FCGRT dissociates in melanoma patients following B2M expression loss. Lower CD1D expression is typically found in patients with poor survival outcomes from the GDC-TCGA-SKCM dataset, in patients not responding to anti-PD1 immunotherapies, and in a resistant anti-PD1 pre-clinical model. Immune cell abundance study reveals that B2M and CD1D are both enriched in tumor cells and dendritic cells from patients responding to anti-PD1 immunotherapies. These patients also show increased levels of natural killer T (NKT) cell signatures in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methylation reactions in the TME of melanoma impact the expression of B2M and SPI1, which controls CD1D expression. These findings suggest that epigenetic changes in the TME of melanoma may impact β2M and CD1d-mediated functions, such as antigen presentation for T cells and NKT cells. Our hypothesis is grounded in comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of a large transcriptomic dataset from four clinical cohorts and mouse models. It will benefit from further development using well-established functional immune assays to support understanding the molecular processes leading to epigenetic control of β2M and CD1d. This research line may lead to the rational development of new combinatorial treatments for metastatic melanoma patients that poorly respond to ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Meng Wang
- Medical Immune Oncology Research Group (MIORG), Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saara A. Koskela
- Medical Immune Oncology Research Group (MIORG), Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arfa Mehmood
- Medical Immune Oncology Research Group (MIORG), Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Miriam Langguth
- Medical Immune Oncology Research Group (MIORG), Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eleftheria Maranou
- Medical Immune Oncology Research Group (MIORG), Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Carlos R. Figueiredo
- Medical Immune Oncology Research Group (MIORG), Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Carlos R. Figueiredo,
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Wei J, Yang Y, Wang G, Liu M. Current landscape and future directions of bispecific antibodies in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035276. [PMID: 36389699 PMCID: PMC9650279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies have dramatically revolutionized the therapeutic strategy against advanced malignancies, inspiring the exploration of various types of therapeutic antibodies. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are recombinant molecules containing two different antigens or epitopes identifying binding domains. Bispecific antibody-based tumor immunotherapy has gained broad potential in preclinical and clinical investigations in a variety of tumor types following regulatory approval of newly developed technologies involving bispecific and multispecific antibodies. Meanwhile, a series of challenges such as antibody immunogenicity, tumor heterogeneity, low response rate, treatment resistance, and systemic adverse effects hinder the application of BsAbs. In this review, we provide insights into the various architecture of BsAbs, focus on BsAbs' alternative different mechanisms of action and clinical progression, and discuss relevant approaches to overcome existing challenges in BsAbs clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Gastric Cancer Center/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Gastric Cancer Center/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Single-dose HPV vaccine immunity: is there a role for non-neutralizing antibodies? Trends Immunol 2022; 43:815-825. [PMID: 35995705 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A single dose of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine against HPV infection (prerequisite for cervical cancer) appears to be as efficacious as two or three doses, despite inducing lower antibody titers. Neutralizing antibodies are thought to be the primary mediator of protection, but the threshold for protection is unknown. Antibody functions beyond neutralization have not been explored for HPV vaccines. Here, we discuss the immune mechanisms of HPV vaccines, with a focus on non-neutralizing antibody effector functions. In the context of single-dose HPV vaccination where antibody is limiting, we propose that non-neutralizing antibody functions may contribute to preventing HPV infection. Understanding the immunological basis of protection for single-dose HPV vaccination will provide a rationale for implementing single-dose HPV vaccine regimens.
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9
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Off-the-shelf CAR natural killer cells secreting IL-15 target spike in treating COVID-19. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2576. [PMID: 35546150 PMCID: PMC9095674 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered natural killer (NK) cells represent a promising option for immune therapy option due to their immediate availability in allogeneic settings. Severe acute diseases, such as COVID-19, require targeted and immediate intervention. Here we show engineering of NK cells to express (1) soluble interleukin-15 (sIL15) for enhancing their survival and (2) a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) consisting of an extracellular domain of ACE2, targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. These CAR NK cells (mACE2-CAR_sIL15 NK cells) bind to VSV-SARS-CoV-2 chimeric viral particles as well as the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit S1 leading to enhanced NK cell production of TNF-α and IFN-γ and increased in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity against cells expressing the spike protein. Administration of mACE2-CAR_sIL15 NK cells maintains body weight, reduces viral load, and prolongs survival of transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 upon infection with live SARS-CoV-2. These experiments, and the capacity of mACE2-CAR_sIL15 NK cells to retain their activity following cryopreservation, demonstrate their potential as an allogeneic off-the-shelf therapy for COVID-19 patients who are faced with limited treatment options. Severe COVID-19 requires immediate and targeted intervention that is efficient against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Authors show here the therapeutic potential of engineered natural killer cells that simultaneously express a chimeric antigen receptor targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, and IL-15, a cytokine that enhances the function and survival of their own.
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10
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Engineered human antibodies for the opsonization and killing of Staphylococcus aureus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2114478119. [PMID: 35058363 PMCID: PMC8795526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114478119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus invariably acquires resistance mechanisms against new antibiotics. The persistent colonization with S. aureus is the key risk factor for invasive disease and a driver for the evolution of antibiotic resistant isolates. Anti-S. aureus antibodies that could promote decolonization, prevent infection, or treat disease would alleviate the selection for drug resistance. The successful development of such antibodies is complicated by Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) in the envelope of S. aureus. SpA captures immunoglobulins via their constant region, preventing antibodies from initiating anti-staphylococcal activities. Here, we demonstrate that therapeutic anti-S. aureus antibodies can be engineered to avoid sequestration by SpA. Such antibodies display extended half-lives and improve bacterial uptake and killing by immune cells. Gram-positive organisms with their thick envelope cannot be lysed by complement alone. Nonetheless, antibody-binding on the surface can recruit complement and mark these invaders for uptake and killing by phagocytes, a process known as opsonophagocytosis. The crystallizable fragment of immunoglobulins (Fcγ) is key for complement recruitment. The cell surface of S. aureus is coated with Staphylococcal protein A (SpA). SpA captures the Fcγ domain of IgG and interferes with opsonization by anti-S. aureus antibodies. In principle, the Fcγ domain of therapeutic antibodies could be engineered to avoid the inhibitory activity of SpA. However, the SpA-binding site on Fcγ overlaps with that of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), an interaction that is critical for prolonging the half-life of serum IgG. This evolutionary adaptation poses a challenge for the exploration of Fcγ mutants that can both weaken SpA–IgG interactions and retain stability. Here, we use both wild-type and transgenic human FcRn mice to identify antibodies with enhanced half-life and increased opsonophagocytic killing in models of S. aureus infection and demonstrate that antibody-based immunotherapy can be improved by modifying Fcγ. Our experiments also show that by competing for FcRn-binding, staphylococci effectively reduce the half-life of antibodies during infection. These observations may have profound impact in treating cancer, autoimmune, and asthma patients colonized or infected with S. aureus and undergoing monoclonal antibody treatment.
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11
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Hong B, Sahu U, Mullarkey MP, Kaur B. Replication and Spread of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus in Solid Tumors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010118. [PMID: 35062322 PMCID: PMC8778098 DOI: 10.3390/v14010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is a highly promising treatment for solid tumors. Intense research and development efforts have led to first-in-class approval for an oHSV for melanoma, but barriers to this promising therapy still exist that limit efficacy. The process of infection, replication and transmission of oHSV in solid tumors is key to obtaining a good lytic destruction of infected cancer cells to kill tumor cells and release tumor antigens that can prime anti-tumor efficacy. Intracellular tumor cell signaling and tumor stromal cells present multiple barriers that resist oHSV activity. Here, we provide a review focused on oncolytic HSV and the essential viral genes that allow for virus replication and spread in order to gain insight into how manipulation of these pathways can be exploited to potentiate oHSV infection and replication among tumor cells.
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12
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Tabrizi ZA, Khosrojerdi A, Aslani S, Hemmatzadeh M, Babaie F, Bairami A, Shomali N, Hosseinzadeh R, Safari R, Mohammadi H. Multi-facets of neutrophil extracellular trap in infectious diseases: Moving beyond immunity. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105066. [PMID: 34174356 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular chromosomal DNA fibers, histones, and cytoplasmic granule proteins. The release of NET components from neutrophils is involved in the suppression of pathogen diffusion. Development of NETs around target microbes leads to disruption of the cell membrane, eventuating in kind of cell death that is called as NETosis. The very first step in the process of NETosis is activation of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase upon signaling by innate immune receptors. Afterwards, produced Reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger protein-arginine deiminase type 4, neutrophil elastase, and myeloperoxidase to generate decondensed chromatin and disrupted integrity of nuclear membrane. Subsequently, decondensed chromatin is mixed with several enzymes in the cytoplasm released from granules, leading to release of DNA and histones, and finally formation of NET. Several reports have indicated that NETosis might contribute to the immune responses through limiting the dissemination of microbial organisms. In this review, we discuss recent advances on the role of neutrophils, NETs, and their implications in the pathogenesis of microbial infections. Additionally, the prospective of the NET modulation as a therapeutic strategy to treat infectious diseases are clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Azimzadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Department of Immunology and Genetic, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Bairami
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghaiyeh Safari
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, GIGA, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman Liège, Belgium; Molecular and Cellular Biology, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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13
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Dufloo J, Grzelak L, Staropoli I, Madec Y, Tondeur L, Anna F, Pelleau S, Wiedemann A, Planchais C, Buchrieser J, Robinot R, Ungeheuer MN, Mouquet H, Charneau P, White M, Lévy Y, Hoen B, Fontanet A, Schwartz O, Bruel T. Asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections elicit polyfunctional antibodies. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100275. [PMID: 33899033 PMCID: PMC8057765 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals remain asymptomatic. Little is known about the extent and quality of their antiviral humoral response. Here, we analyze antibody functions in 52 asymptomatic infected individuals, 119 mildly symptomatic, and 21 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We measure anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM levels with the S-Flow assay and map IgG-targeted epitopes with a Luminex assay. We also evaluate neutralization, complement deposition, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) using replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 or reporter cell systems. We show that COVID-19 sera mediate complement deposition and kill infected cells by ADCC. Sera from asymptomatic individuals neutralize the virus, activate ADCC, and trigger complement deposition. Antibody levels and functions are lower in asymptomatic individuals than they are in symptomatic cases. Antibody functions are correlated, regardless of disease severity. Longitudinal samplings show that antibody functions follow similar kinetics of induction and contraction. Overall, asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits polyfunctional antibodies neutralizing the virus and targeting infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufloo
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris 75013, France
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris 75013, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Laura Tondeur
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - François Anna
- Pasteur-TheraVectys joint unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Stéphane Pelleau
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Aurélie Wiedemann
- Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil 94028, France
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1222, Paris 75015, France
| | - Julian Buchrieser
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
| | - Rémy Robinot
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marie-Noelle Ungeheuer
- Investigation Clinique et Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (ICAReB), Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1222, Paris 75015, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Pasteur-TheraVectys joint unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
- Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Michael White
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil 94028, France
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Direction de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil 94028, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris 75015, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil 94028, France
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14
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Perera Molligoda Arachchige AS. Human NK cells: From development to effector functions. Innate Immun 2021; 27:212-229. [PMID: 33761782 PMCID: PMC8054151 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are the major lymphocyte subset of the innate immune system that mediates antiviral and anti-tumor responses. It is well established that they develop mechanisms to distinguish self from non-self during the process of NK cell education. Unlike T and B cells, natural killer cells lack clonotypic receptors and are activated after recognizing their target via germline-encoded receptors through natural cytotoxicity, cytokine stimulation, and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Subsequently, they utilize cytotoxic granules, death receptor ligands, and cytokines to perform their effector functions. In this review, we provide a general overview of human NK cells, as opposed to murine NK cells, discussing their ontogeny, maturation, receptor diversity, types of responses, and effector functions. Furthermore, we also describe recent advances in human NK cell biology, including tissue-resident NK cell populations, NK cell memory, and novel approaches used to target NK cells in cancer immunotherapy.
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15
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Otani Y, Yoo JY, Chao S, Liu J, Jaime-Ramirez AC, Lee TJ, Hurwitz B, Yan Y, Dai H, Glorioso JC, Caligiuri MA, Yu J, Kaur B. Oncolytic HSV-Infected Glioma Cells Activate NOTCH in Adjacent Tumor Cells Sensitizing Tumors to Gamma Secretase Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2381-2392. [PMID: 32139403 PMCID: PMC7325527 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) on NOTCH signaling in central nervous system tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Bioluminescence imaging, reverse phase protein array proteomics, fluorescence microscopy, reporter assays, and molecular biology approaches were used to evaluate NOTCH signaling. Orthotopic glioma-mouse models were utilized to evaluate effects in vivo. RESULTS We have identified that herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1; oncolytic and wild-type)-infected glioma cells induce NOTCH signaling, from inside of infected cells into adjacent tumor cells (inside out signaling). This was canonical NOTCH signaling, which resulted in activation of RBPJ-dependent transcriptional activity that could be rescued with dnMAML. High-throughput screening of HSV-1-encoded cDNA and miRNA libraries further uncovered that HSV-1 miR-H16 induced NOTCH signaling. We further identified that factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) is a direct target of miR-H16, and that FIH-1 downregulation by virus encoded miR-H16 induces NOTCH activity. FIH-1 binding to Mib1 has been reported, but this is the first report that shows FIH-1 sequester Mib1 to suppress NOTCH activation. We observed that FIH-1 degradation induced NOTCH ligand ubiquitination and NOTCH activity. REMBRANDT and The Cancer Genome Atlas data analysis also uncovered a significant negative regulation between FIH-1 and NOTCH. Furthermore, combination of oHSV with NOTCH-blocking gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) had a therapeutic advantage in two different intracranial glioma models treated with oncolytic HSV, without affecting safety profile of the virus in vivo. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this is the first report to identify impact of HSV-1 on NOTCH signaling and highlights the significance of combining oHSV and GSI for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Otani
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Samantha Chao
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alena Cristina Jaime-Ramirez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian Hurwitz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Hongsheng Dai
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Joseph C Glorioso
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jianhua Yu
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Balveen Kaur
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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16
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Wang H, Yang J, Pan H, Tai MC, Maher MH, Jia R, Ge S, Lu L. Dinutuximab Synergistically Enhances the Cytotoxicity of Natural Killer Cells to Retinoblastoma Through the Perforin-Granzyme B Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3903-3920. [PMID: 32440155 PMCID: PMC7218403 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s228532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Conventional chemotherapy and enucleation usually fail to cure advanced retinoblastoma. We investigated the retinoblastoma immune microenvironment and the efficacy of the combination of dinutuximab and CD16-expressing NK-92MI (NK-92MIhCD16-GFP) cells on retinoblastoma cells in this study. Patients and Methods Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry (FC) were performed to assess the expression level of GD2 in retinoblastoma tissues and cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immunohistochemisrztry and immunocytochemistry were conducted to assess the retinoblastoma immune microenvironment and the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). After overexpressing CD16 in NK-92MI cells, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was applied to select the positive subpopulation. LDH assays and FC were used to detect LDH release and apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells subjected to a combination of dinutuximab and NK-92MIhCD16-GFP cells. Finally, the release of perforin-granzyme B and the expression of CD107a in NK-92MIhCD16-GFP stimulated by retinoblastoma cells were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and FC in the presence of dinutuximab or an isotype control. Results GD2 was heterogeneously expressed in retinoblastoma tissues and cell lines and positively correlated with proliferation and staging. GSEA revealed the immunosuppressive status of retinoblastoma microenvironment. The immune cell profile of retinoblastoma tissues and vitreous bodies suggested BRB destruction. LDH release and apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells caused by NK-92MIhCD16-GFP cells were significantly enhanced by dinutuximab. Finally, the release of perforin-granzyme B and the expression of CD107a in NK-92MIhCD16-GFP cells stimulated by retinoblastoma cells were obviously increased by dinutuximab. Conclusion This study indicates that retinoblastoma impairs the integrity of the BRB and contributes to dysregulated immune cell infiltrates. GD2 is a specific target for natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy and that the combination of dinutuximab and NK-92MIhCD16-GFP cells exerts potent antitumor effects through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Chee Tai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed H Maher
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Cancer Biology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Linna Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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17
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Sasaki K, Harada M, Miyashita Y, Tagawa H, Kishimura A, Mori T, Katayama Y. Fc-binding antibody-recruiting molecules exploit endogenous antibodies for anti-tumor immune responses. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3208-3214. [PMID: 34122826 PMCID: PMC8157400 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Redirecting endogenous antibodies in the bloodstream to tumor cells using synthetic molecules is a promising approach to trigger anti-tumor immune responses. However, current molecular designs only enable the use of a small fraction of endogenous antibodies, limiting the therapeutic potential. Here, we report Fc-binding antibody-recruiting molecules (Fc-ARMs) as the first example addressing this issue. Fc-ARMs are composed of an Fc-binding peptide and a targeting ligand, enabling the exploitation of endogenous antibodies through constant affinity to the Fc region of antibodies, whose sequence is conserved in contrast to the Fab region. We show that Fc-ARM targeting folate receptor-α (FR-α) redirects a clinically used antibody mixture to FR-α+ cancer cells, resulting in cancer cell lysis by natural killer cells in vitro. Fc-ARMs successfully interacted with antibodies in vivo and accumulated in tumors. Furthermore, Fc-ARMs recruited antibodies to suppress tumor growth in a mouse model. Thus, Fc-ARMs have the potential to be a novel class of cancer immunotherapeutic agents. Fc-binding antibody-recruiting molecules provide robust and sufficient opportunities to employ endogenous antibodies for anti-tumor immune responses.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Minori Harada
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tagawa
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan .,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan .,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan .,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan Taiwan
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18
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Gyurova IE, Ali A, Waggoner SN. Natural Killer Cell Regulation of B Cell Responses in the Context of Viral Infection. Viral Immunol 2019; 33:334-341. [PMID: 31800366 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretion of both neutralizing and nonneutralizing virus-specific antibodies by B cells is a key component of immune control of many virus infections and a critical benchmark of successful preventative vaccines. Natural killer (NK) cells also play a vital role in antiviral immune defense via cytolytic elimination of infected cells and production of proinflammatory antiviral cytokines. Accumulating evidence points to multifaceted crosstalk between NK cells and antiviral B cell responses that can determine virus elimination, pathogenesis of infection, and efficacy of vaccine-elicited protection. These outcomes are a result of both positive and negative influences of NK cells on the B cell responses, as well as canonical antiviral killing of infected B cells. On one hand, NK cell-derived cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) may promote B cell activation and enhance immunoglobulin production. In contrast, NK cell immunoregulatory killing of CD4 T cells can limit affinity maturation in germinal centers resulting in weak infection or vaccine induction of antiviral neutralizing antibodies. In this review, we will discuss these and other dueling contributions of NK cells to B cell responses during virus infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivayla E Gyurova
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ayad Ali
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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19
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Della Chiesa M, De Maria A, Muccio L, Bozzano F, Sivori S, Moretta L. Human NK Cells and Herpesviruses: Mechanisms of Recognition, Response and Adaptation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2297. [PMID: 31636622 PMCID: PMC6788305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells contribute to early defenses against viruses through their inborn abilities that include sensing of PAMPs and inflammatory signals such as cytokines or chemokines, recognition, and killing of infected cells through activating surface receptors engagement. Moreover, they support adaptive responses via Ab-dependent mechanisms, triggered by CD16, and DC editing. Their fundamental role in anti-viral responses has been unveiled in patients with NK cell deficiencies suffering from severe Herpesvirus infections. Notably, these infections, often occurring as primary infections early in life, can be efficiently cleared by NK, T, and B cells in healthy hosts. Herpesviruses however, generate a complicated balance with the host immune system through their latency cycle moving between immune control and viral reactivation. This lifelong challenge has contributed to the development of numerous evasion mechanisms by Herpesviruses, many of which devoted to elude NK cell surveillance from viral reactivations rather than primary infections. This delicate equilibrium can be altered in proportions of healthy individuals promoting virus reactivation and, more often, in immunocompromised subjects. However, the constant stimulus provided by virus-host interplay has also favored NK-cell adaptation to Herpesviruses. During anti-HCMV responses, NK cells can reshape their receptor repertoire and function, through epigenetic remodeling, and acquire adaptive traits such as longevity and clonal expansion abilities. The major mechanisms of recognition and effector responses employed by NK cells against Herpesviruses, related to their genomic organization will be addressed, including those allowing NK cells to generate memory-like responses. In addition, the mechanisms underlying virus reactivation or control will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Della Chiesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea De Maria
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Clinica Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Letizia Muccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Bozzano
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sivori
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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20
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Niemann J, Woller N, Brooks J, Fleischmann-Mundt B, Martin NT, Kloos A, Knocke S, Ernst AM, Manns MP, Kubicka S, Wirth TC, Gerardy-Schahn R, Kühnel F. Molecular retargeting of antibodies converts immune defense against oncolytic viruses into cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3236. [PMID: 31324774 PMCID: PMC6642145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-neutralizing antibodies are a severe obstacle in oncolytic virotherapy. Here, we present a strategy to convert this unfavorable immune response into an anticancer immunotherapy via molecular retargeting. Application of a bifunctional adapter harboring a tumor-specific ligand and the adenovirus hexon domain DE1 for engaging antiadenoviral antibodies, attenuates tumor growth and prolongs survival in adenovirus-immunized mice. The therapeutic benefit achieved by tumor retargeting of antiviral antibodies is largely due to NK cell-mediated triggering of tumor-directed CD8 T-cells. We further demonstrate that antibody-retargeting (Ab-retargeting) is a feasible method to sensitize tumors to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade. In therapeutic settings, Ab-retargeting greatly improves the outcome of intratumor application of an oncolytic adenovirus and facilitates long-term survival in treated animals when combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibition. Tumor-directed retargeting of preexisting or virotherapy-induced antiviral antibodies therefore represents a promising strategy to fully exploit the immunotherapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy and checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Niemann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Norman Woller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Brooks
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Fleischmann-Mundt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nikolas T Martin
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Arnold Kloos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Knocke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amanda M Ernst
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubicka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Cancer Center Reutlingen, District Hospital, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Thomas C Wirth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Kühnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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21
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Paul P, Pedini P, Lyonnet L, Di Cristofaro J, Loundou A, Pelardy M, Basire A, Dignat-George F, Chiaroni J, Thomas P, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Picard C. FCGR3A and FCGR2A Genotypes Differentially Impact Allograft Rejection and Patients' Survival After Lung Transplant. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1208. [PMID: 31249568 PMCID: PMC6582937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) play a major role in the regulation of humoral immune responses. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FCGR2A and FCGR3A can impact the expression level, IgG affinity and function of the CD32 and CD16 FcγRs in response to their engagement by the Fc fragment of IgG. The CD16 isoform encoded by FCGR3A [158V/V] controls the intensity of antibody-dependent cytotoxic alloimmune responses of natural killer cells (NK) and has been identified as a susceptibility marker predisposing patients to cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplant. This study aimed to investigate whether FCGR2A and FCGR3A polymorphisms can also be associated with the clinical outcome of lung transplant recipients (LTRs). The SNPs of FCGR2A ([131R/H], rs1801274) and FCGR3A ([158V/F], rs396991) were identified in 158 LTRs and 184 Controls (CTL). The corresponding distribution of genotypic and allelic combinations was analyzed for potential links with the development of circulating donor-specific anti-HLA alloantibodies (DSA) detected at months 1 and 3 after lung transplant (LTx), the occurrence of acute rejection (AR) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), and the overall survival of LTRs. The FCGR3A [158V/V] genotype was identified as an independent susceptibility factor associated with higher rates of AR during the first trimester after LTx (HR 4.8, p < 0.0001, 95% CI 2.37-9.61), but it could not be associated with the level of CD16- mediated NK cell activation in response to the LTR's DSA, whatever the MFI intensity and C1q binding profiles of the DSA evaluated. The FCGR2A [131R/R] genotype was associated with lower CLAD-free survival of LTRs, independently of the presence of DSA at 3 months (HR 1.8, p = 0.024, 95% CI 1.08-3.03). Our data indicate that FCGR SNPs differentially affect the clinical outcome of LTRs and may be of use to stratify patients at higher risk of experiencing graft rejection. Furthermore, these data suggest that in the LTx setting, specific mechanisms of humoral alloreactivity, which cannot be solely explained by the complement and CD16-mediated pathogenic effects of DSA, may be involved in the development of acute and chronic lung allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Paul
- Department of Hematology, Hopital de la Conception, INSERM CIC-1409, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France.,INSERM 1263, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Pedini
- Établissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Lyonnet
- Department of Hematology, Hopital de la Conception, INSERM CIC-1409, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Julie Di Cristofaro
- "Biologie des Groupes Sanguins", UMR 7268 ADÉS Aix-Marseille Université/EFS/CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Anderson Loundou
- Département de santé Publique - EA 3279, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille (AP-HM), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Pelardy
- Établissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Agnes Basire
- Établissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Department of Hematology, Hopital de la Conception, INSERM CIC-1409, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France.,INSERM 1263, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Chiaroni
- Établissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse 13005, Marseille, France.,"Biologie des Groupes Sanguins", UMR 7268 ADÉS Aix-Marseille Université/EFS/CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Thomas
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Transplantation Pulmonaire, CHU Nord Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille (AP-HM), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Martine Reynaud-Gaubert
- Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, CHU Nord Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille (AP-HM) - IHU Méditerranée Infection Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Picard
- Établissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse 13005, Marseille, France.,"Biologie des Groupes Sanguins", UMR 7268 ADÉS Aix-Marseille Université/EFS/CNRS, Marseille, France
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22
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Hua L, Wakimoto H. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus therapy for malignant glioma: current approaches to successful clinical application. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:845-854. [PMID: 31046478 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1614557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the approval of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) for advanced malignant melanoma, virotherapy using oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is now emerging as a viable therapeutic option for cancer patients, including malignant gliomas. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the most recent literature to provide cutting-edge knowledge about preclinical and clinical development of oHSV therapy for malignant gliomas, presenting current approaches to overcome obstacles to successful clinical application of oHSV in neuro-oncology. EXPERT OPINION Current strategies to improve the efficacy of oHSV therapy include engineering new viruses, modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, combination with other treatments, and developing new oHSV delivery. All of these could rapidly be translated into clinical investigations, following several clinical trials that are currently ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyang Hua
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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23
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Ali A, Gyurova IE, Waggoner SN. Mutually assured destruction: the cold war between viruses and natural killer cells. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 34:130-139. [PMID: 30877885 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a multitude of antiviral roles that are significant enough to provoke viral counterefforts to subvert their activity. As innate lymphocytes, NK cells provide a rapid source of pro-inflammatory antiviral cytokines and bring to bear cytolytic activities that are collectively meant to constrain viral replication and dissemination. Additionally, NK cells participate in adaptive immunity both by shaping virus-specific T-cell responses and by developing adaptive features themselves, including enhanced antibody-dependent effector functions. The relative importance of different functional activities of NK cells are poorly understood, thereby obfuscating clinical use of these cells. Here we focus on opposing efforts of NK cells and viruses to gain tactical superiority during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad Ali
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Immunology Graduate Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Ivayla E Gyurova
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Immunology Graduate Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States.
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24
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Martin NT, Bell JC. Oncolytic Virus Combination Therapy: Killing One Bird with Two Stones. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1414-1422. [PMID: 29703699 PMCID: PMC5986726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 60 years an eclectic collection of microbes has been tested in a variety of pre-clinical models as anti-cancer agents. At the forefront of this research are a number of virus-based platforms that have shown exciting activity in a variety of pre-clinical models and are collectively referred to as oncolytic viruses. Our true understanding of the potential and limitations of this therapeutic modality has been substantially advanced through clinical studies carried out over the last 25 years. Perhaps not surprising, as with all other cancer therapeutics, it has become clear that current oncolytic virus therapeutics on their own are unlikely to be effective in the majority of patients. The greatest therapeutic gains will therefore be made through thoughtful combination strategies built upon an understanding of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Tim Martin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - John Cameron Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
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25
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Dai HS, Caligiuri MA. Molecular Basis for the Recognition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection by Human Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:183. [PMID: 29483911 PMCID: PMC5816072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary infection with Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) is subclinical or only mildly symptomatic in normal individuals, yet the reason for the body's effective immune defense against this pathogen in the absence of antigen-specific immunity has not been well understood. It is clear that human natural killer (NK) cells recognize and kill HSV1-infected cells, and those individuals who either lack or have functionally impaired NK cells can suffer severe, recurrent, and sometimes fatal HSV1 infection. In this article, we review what is known about the recognition of HSV1 by NK cells, and describe a novel mechanism of innate immune surveillance against certain viral pathogens by NK cells called Fc-bridged cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Dai
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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