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Tehseen A, Kumar D, Dubey A, Sarkar R, Singh S, Sehrawat S. Glucocorticoid-mediated Suppression of Effector Programming Assists the Memory Transition of Virus-specific CD8+ T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:1170-1186. [PMID: 39212406 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate the role of signaling via the glucocorticoid receptor, NR3C1, in differentiation of CD8+ T cell memory. Pharmacological inhibition as well as the short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of the receptor hindered memory transition and limited the homeostatic turnover of the activated CD8+ T cells. Dexamethasone exposure of CD8+ T cells expanded during a resolving infection with influenza A virus or a γ-herpesvirus promoted conversion of effector cells into memory cells by modulating cellular metabolism and lowering the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Reduced reactive oxygen species levels in the responding effector cells upregulated Bcl2 and enhanced survival. The generated virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells were efficiently recalled following challenge of animals with a secondary infection to control it better. The memory-enhancing effect was predominantly evident at low doses of dexamethasone. Therefore, controlled glucocorticoid signaling within the effector CD8+ T cells is crucial for optimal memory differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeez Tehseen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab
| | - Dhaneshwar Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab
| | - Abhishek Dubey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab
| | - Roman Sarkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab
| | - Sudhakar Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab
| | - Sharvan Sehrawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab
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2
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Lopez-Scarim J, Mendoza D, Nambiar SM, Billerbeck E. CD4+ T cell help during early acute hepacivirus infection is critical for viral clearance and the generation of a liver-homing CD103+CD49a+ effector CD8+ T cell subset. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012615. [PMID: 39392861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are crucial for viral control. However, a detailed understanding of the kinetic of CD4+ T cell help and its role in the generation of different CD8+ T cell subsets during acute infection is lacking. The absence of a small HCV animal model has impeded mechanistic studies of hepatic antiviral T cell immunity and HCV vaccine development. In this study, we used a recently developed HCV-related rodent hepacivirus infection mouse model to investigate the impact of CD4+ T cell help on the hepatic CD8+ T cell response and viral clearance during hepacivirus infection in vivo. Our results revealed a specific kinetic of CD4+ T cell dependency during acute infection. Early CD4+ T cell help was essential for CD8+ T cell priming and viral clearance, while CD4+ T cells became dispensable during later stages of acute infection. Effector CD8+ T cells directly mediated timely hepacivirus clearance. An analysis of hepatic CD8+ T cells specific for two different viral epitopes revealed the induction of subsets of liver-homing CD103+CD49a+ and CD103-CD49a+ effector CD8+ T cells with elevated IFN-γ and TNF-α production. CD103+CD49a+ T cells further persisted as tissue-resident memory subsets. A lack of CD4+ T cell help and CD40L-CD40 interactions resulted in reduced effector functions and phenotypical changes in effector CD8+ T cells and a specific loss of the CD103+CD49a+ subset. In summary, our study shows that early CD4+ T cell help through CD40L signaling is essential for priming functional effector CD8+ T cell subsets, including unique liver-homing subsets, and hepacivirus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett Lopez-Scarim
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Dustyn Mendoza
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Shashank M Nambiar
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Eva Billerbeck
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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3
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Aljobaily N, Allard D, Perkins B, Raugh A, Galland T, Jing Y, Stephens WZ, Bettini ML, Hale JS, Bettini M. Autoimmune CD4 + T cells fine-tune TCF1 expression to maintain function and survive persistent antigen exposure during diabetes. Immunity 2024:S1074-7613(24)00479-5. [PMID: 39396521 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Self-reactive T cells experience chronic antigen exposure but do not exhibit signs of exhaustion. Here, we investigated the mechanisms for sustained, functioning autoimmune CD4+ T cells despite chronic stimulation. Examination of T cell priming showed that CD4+ T cells activated in the absence of infectious signals retained TCF1 expression. At later time points and during blockade of new T cell recruitment, most islet-infiltrating autoimmune CD4+ T cells were TCF1+, although expression was reduced on a per T cell basis. The Tcf7 locus was epigenetically modified in circulating autoimmune CD4+ T cells, suggesting a pre-programmed de novo methylation of the locus in early stages of autoimmune CD4+ T cell differentiation. This mirrored the epigenetic profile of recently recruited CD4+CD62L+ T cells in the pancreas. Collectively, these data reveal a unique environment during autoimmune CD4+ T cell priming that allows T cells to fine-tune TCF1 expression and maintain long-term survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Aljobaily
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Denise Allard
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bryant Perkins
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Arielle Raugh
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tessa Galland
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yi Jing
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - W Zac Stephens
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew L Bettini
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - J Scott Hale
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Maria Bettini
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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4
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Chiffelle J, Barras D, Pétremand R, Orcurto A, Bobisse S, Arnaud M, Auger A, Rodrigo BN, Ghisoni E, Sauvage C, Saugy D, Michel A, Murgues B, Fahr N, Imbimbo M, Ochoa de Olza M, Latifyan S, Crespo I, Benedetti F, Genolet R, Queiroz L, Schmidt J, Homicsko K, Zimmermann S, Michielin O, Bassani-Sternberg M, Kandalaft LE, Dafni U, Corria-Osorio J, Trueb L, Dangaj Laniti D, Harari A, Coukos G. Tumor-reactive T cell clonotype dynamics underlying clinical response to TIL therapy in melanoma. Immunity 2024; 57:2466-2482.e12. [PMID: 39276771 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has inconsistent clinical responses. To better understand determinants of therapeutic success, we tracked TIL clonotypes from baseline tumors to ACT products and post-ACT blood and tumor samples in melanoma patients using single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Patients with clinical responses had baseline tumors enriched in tumor-reactive TILs, and these were more effectively mobilized upon in vitro expansion, yielding products enriched in tumor-specific CD8+ cells that preferentially infiltrated tumors post-ACT. Conversely, lack of clinical responses was associated with tumors devoid of tumor-reactive resident clonotypes and with cell products mostly composed of blood-borne clonotypes that persisted in blood but not in tumors post-ACT. Upon expansion, tumor-specific TILs lost tumor-associated transcriptional signatures, including exhaustion, and responders exhibited an intermediate exhausted effector state after TIL engraftment in the tumor, suggesting functional reinvigoration. Our findings provide insight into the nature and dynamics of tumor-specific clonotypes associated with clinical response to TIL-ACT, with implications for treatment optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Chiffelle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Barras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Pétremand
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angela Orcurto
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marion Arnaud
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aymeric Auger
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Navarro Rodrigo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Ghisoni
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Sauvage
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien Saugy
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Michel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Murgues
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Fahr
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Imbimbo
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ochoa de Olza
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sofiya Latifyan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Medical Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Benedetti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Genolet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lise Queiroz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Schmidt
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Krisztian Homicsko
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Medical Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Medical Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urania Dafni
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jesus Corria-Osorio
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Trueb
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denarda Dangaj Laniti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Weiss SA, Huang AY, Fung ME, Martinez D, Chen ACY, LaSalle TJ, Miller BC, Scharer CD, Hegde M, Nguyen TH, Rowe JH, Osborn JF, Patterson DG, Sifnugel N, Mei-An Nolan C, Davidson RA, Schwartz MA, Bally APR, Neeld DK, LaFleur MW, Boss JM, Doench JG, Nicholas Haining W, Sharpe AH, Sen DR. Epigenetic tuning of PD-1 expression improves exhausted T cell function and viral control. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1871-1883. [PMID: 39289557 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
PD-1 is a key negative regulator of CD8+ T cell activation and is highly expressed by exhausted T cells in cancer and chronic viral infection. Although PD-1 blockade can improve viral and tumor control, physiological PD-1 expression prevents immunopathology and improves memory formation. The mechanisms driving high PD-1 expression in exhaustion are not well understood and could be critical to disentangling its beneficial and detrimental effects. Here, we functionally interrogated the epigenetic regulation of PD-1 using a mouse model with deletion of an exhaustion-specific PD-1 enhancer. Enhancer deletion exclusively alters PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells in chronic infection, creating a 'sweet spot' of intermediate expression where T cell function is optimized compared to wild-type and Pdcd1-knockout cells. This permits improved control of chronic infection without additional immunopathology. Together, these results demonstrate that tuning PD-1 via epigenetic editing can reduce CD8+ T cell dysfunction while avoiding excess immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Weiss
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Y Huang
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan E Fung
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Martinez
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex C Y Chen
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J LaSalle
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian C Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mudra Hegde
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thao H Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared H Rowe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jossef F Osborn
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dillon G Patterson
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalia Sifnugel
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Mei-An Nolan
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard A Davidson
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc A Schwartz
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander P R Bally
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis K Neeld
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin W LaFleur
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- ArsenalBio, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Bhagwat AS, Torres L, Shestova O, Shestov M, Mellors PW, Fisher HR, Farooki SN, Frost BF, Loken MR, Gaymon AL, Frazee D, Rogal W, Frey N, Hexner EO, Luger SM, Loren AW, Martin ME, McCurdy SR, Perl AE, Stadtmauer EA, Brogdon JL, Fraietta JA, Hwang WT, Siegel DL, Plesa G, Aplenc R, Porter DL, June CH, Gill SI. Cytokine-mediated CAR T therapy resistance in AML. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03271-5. [PMID: 39333315 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly progressive malignancy without effective therapies for refractory disease. So far, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in AML has not recapitulated the efficacy seen in B cell malignancies. Here we report a pilot study of autologous anti-CD123 CAR T cells in 12 adults with relapsed or refractory AML. CAR T cells targeting CD123+ cells were successfully manufactured in 90.4% of runs. Cytokine release syndrome was observed in 10 of 12 infused individuals (83.3%, 90% confidence interval 0.5-0.97). Three individuals achieved clinical response (25%, 90% confidence interval 0.07-0.53). We found that myeloid-supporting cytokines are secreted during cell therapy and support AML blast survival via kinase signaling, leading to CAR T cell exhaustion. The prosurvival effect of therapy-induced cytokines presents a unique resistance mechanism in AML that is distinct from any observed in B cell malignancies. Our findings suggest that autologous CART manufacturing is feasible in AML, but treatment is associated with high rates of cytokine release syndrome and relatively poor clinical efficacy. Combining CAR T cell therapies with cytokine signaling inhibitors could enhance immunotherapy efficacy in AML and achieve improved outcomes (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03766126 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand S Bhagwat
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonel Torres
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olga Shestova
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maksim Shestov
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick W Mellors
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Han R Fisher
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saamia N Farooki
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Frost
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Avery L Gaymon
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diane Frazee
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter Rogal
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noelle Frey
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cell Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Hexner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cell Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Selina M Luger
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison W Loren
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cell Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Martin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cell Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shannon R McCurdy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cell Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander E Perl
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cell Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward A Stadtmauer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cell Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Don L Siegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela Plesa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David L Porter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cell Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saar I Gill
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Cell Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Wu B, Koehler AN, Westcott PMK. New opportunities to overcome T cell dysfunction: the role of transcription factors and how to target them. Trends Biochem Sci 2024:S0968-0004(24)00189-0. [PMID: 39277450 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, which block inhibitory receptors on T cells, can be efficacious in reinvigorating dysfunctional T cell responses. However, most cancers do not respond to these therapies and even in those that respond, tumors can acquire resistance. New strategies are needed to rescue and recruit T cell responses across patient populations and disease states. In this review, we define mechanisms of T cell dysfunction, focusing on key transcription factor (TF) networks. We discuss the complex and sometimes contradictory roles of core TFs in both T cell function and dysfunction. Finally, we review strategies to target TFs using small molecule modulators, which represent a challenging but highly promising opportunity to tune the T cell response toward sustained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Wu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Angela N Koehler
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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8
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Morgan DM, Horton BL, Bhandarkar V, Van R, Dinter T, Zagorulya M, Love JC, Spranger S. Expansion of tumor-reactive CD8 + T cell clonotypes occurs in the spleen in response to immune checkpoint blockade. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi3487. [PMID: 39270006 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) enhances T cell responses against cancer, leading to long-term survival in a fraction of patients. CD8+ T cell differentiation in response to chronic antigen stimulation is highly complex, and it remains unclear precisely which T cell differentiation states at which anatomic sites are critical for the response to ICB. We identified an intermediate-exhausted population in the white pulp of the spleen that underwent substantial expansion in response to ICB and gave rise to tumor-infiltrating clonotypes. Increased systemic antigen redirected differentiation of this population toward a more circulatory exhausted KLR state, whereas a lack of cross-presented tumor antigen reduced its differentiation in the spleen. An analogous population of exhausted KLR CD8+ T cells in human blood samples exhibited diminished tumor-trafficking ability. Collectively, our data demonstrate the critical role of antigen density within the spleen for the differentiation and expansion of T cell clonotypes in response to ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan M Morgan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Vidit Bhandarkar
- Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Richard Van
- Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Teresa Dinter
- Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria Zagorulya
- Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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9
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Stewart CM, Siegler EL, Sakemura RL, Cox MJ, Huynh T, Kimball B, Mai L, Can I, Manriquez Roman C, Yun K, Sirpilla O, Girsch JH, Ogbodo E, Mohammed Ismail W, Gaspar-Maia A, Budka J, Kim J, Scholler N, Mattie M, Filosto S, Kenderian SS. IL-4 drives exhaustion of CD8 + CART cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7921. [PMID: 39266501 PMCID: PMC11393358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Durable response to chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cell therapy remains limited in part due to CART cell exhaustion. Here, we investigate the regulation of CART cell exhaustion with three independent approaches including: a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen using an in vitro model for exhaustion, RNA and ATAC sequencing on baseline and exhausted CART cells, and RNA and ATAC sequencing on pre-infusion CART cell products from responders and non-responders in the ZUMA-1 clinical trial. Each of these approaches identify interleukin (IL)-4 as a regulator of CART cell dysfunction. Further, IL-4-treated CD8+ CART cells develop signs of exhaustion independently of the presence of CD4+ CART cells. Conversely, IL-4 pathway editing or the combination of CART cells with an IL-4 monoclonal antibody improves antitumor efficacy and reduces signs of CART cell exhaustion in mantle cell lymphoma xenograft mouse models. Therefore, we identify both a role for IL-4 in inducing CART exhaustion and translatable approaches to improve CART cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carli M Stewart
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Siegler
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Leo Sakemura
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Truc Huynh
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke Kimball
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Long Mai
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ismail Can
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kun Yun
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Olivia Sirpilla
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James H Girsch
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ekene Ogbodo
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Justin Budka
- Department of Oncology, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Kim
- Department of Oncology, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Mike Mattie
- Department of Oncology, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Simone Filosto
- Department of Oncology, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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10
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Heidari-Foroozan M, Rezalotfi A, Rezaei N. The molecular landscape of T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment and reinvigoration strategies. Int Rev Immunol 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39257319 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2401352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system to target cancer cells. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy is hindered by the tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), neutrophils, soluble factors (TGF-β, IL-35, IL-10), and hypoxia. These components interact with inhibitory receptors (IRs) on T cells, leading to alterations in T cell transcriptomes, epigenomes, and metabolism, ultimately resulting in T cell exhaustion and compromising the effectiveness of immunotherapy. T cell exhaustion occurs in two phases: pre-exhaustion and exhaustion. Pre-exhausted T cells exhibit reversibility and distinct molecular properties compared to terminally exhausted T cells. Understanding these differences is crucial for designing effective interventions. This comprehensive review summarizes the characteristics of pre-exhausted and exhausted T cells and elucidates the influence of TME components on T cell activity, transcriptomes, epigenomes, and metabolism, ultimately driving T cell exhaustion in cancer. Additionally, potential intervention strategies for reversing exhaustion are discussed. By gaining insights into the mechanisms underlying T cell exhaustion and the impact of the TME, this review aims to inform the development of innovative approaches for combating T cell exhaustion and enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alaleh Rezalotfi
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Shi F, Yang R, Yan J, Han T, Guan L. Reversal of T-cell exhaustion: Mechanisms and synergistic approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112571. [PMID: 38941674 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
T cells suffer from long-term antigen stimulation and insufficient energy supply, leading to a decline in their effector functions, memory capabilities, and proliferative capacity, ultimately resulting in T cell exhaustion and an inability to perform normal immune functions in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, exploring how to restore these exhausted T cells to a state with effector functions is of great significance. Exhausted T cells exhibit a spectrum of molecular alterations, such as heightened expression of inhibitory receptors, shifts in transcription factor profiles, and modifications across epigenetic, metabolic, and transcriptional landscapes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various strategies to reverse T cell exhaustion, including immune checkpoint blockade, and explores the potential synergistic effects of combining multiple approaches to reverse T cell exhaustion. It offers new insights and methods for achieving more durable and effective reversal of T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fenfen Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiayu Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tao Han
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Liping Guan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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12
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Li X, Liu Y, Gui J, Gan L, Xue J. Cell Identity and Spatial Distribution of PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Responders. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400702. [PMID: 39248327 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis inhibits T cell activity, impairing anti-tumor immunity. Blocking this axis with therapeutic antibodies is one of the most promising anti-tumor immunotherapies. It has long been recognized that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade reinvigorates exhausted T (TEX) cells already present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, recent advancements in high-throughput gene sequencing and bioinformatic tools have provided researchers with a more granular and dynamic insight into PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-responding cells, extending beyond the TME and TEX populations. This review provides an update on the cell identity, spatial distribution, and treatment-induced spatiotemporal dynamics of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade responders. It also provides a synopsis of preliminary reports of potential PD-1/PD-L1 blockade responders other than T cells to depict a panoramic picture. Important questions to answer in further studies and the translational and clinical potential of the evolving understandings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanxin Liu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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13
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Sun Y, Yinwang E, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang F, Xue Y, Zhang W, Zhao S, Mou H, Chen S, Jin L, Li B, Ye Z. Phenotypic and spatial heterogeneity of CD8 + tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:193. [PMID: 39251981 PMCID: PMC11382426 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the workhorses executing adaptive anti-tumour response, and targets of various cancer immunotherapies. Latest advances have unearthed the sheer heterogeneity of CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, and made it increasingly clear that the bulk of the endogenous and therapeutically induced tumour-suppressive momentum hinges on a particular selection of CD8+ T cells with advantageous attributes, namely the memory and stem-like exhausted subsets. A scrutiny of the contemporary perception of CD8+ T cells in cancer and the subgroups of interest along with the factors arbitrating their infiltration contextures, presented herein, may serve as the groundwork for future endeavours to probe further into the regulatory networks underlying their differentiation and migration, and optimise T cell-based immunotherapies accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikan Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Eloy Yinwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Fangqian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yucheng Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wenkan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Shenzhi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Haochen Mou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Shixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lingxiao Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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14
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Recaldin T, Steinacher L, Gjeta B, Harter MF, Adam L, Kromer K, Mendes MP, Bellavista M, Nikolaev M, Lazzaroni G, Krese R, Kilik U, Popovic D, Stoll B, Gerard R, Bscheider M, Bickle M, Cabon L, Camp JG, Gjorevski N. Human organoids with an autologous tissue-resident immune compartment. Nature 2024; 633:165-173. [PMID: 39143209 PMCID: PMC11374719 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The intimate relationship between the epithelium and immune system is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis, with perturbations therein linked to autoimmune disease and cancer1-3. Whereas stem cell-derived organoids are powerful models of epithelial function4, they lack tissue-resident immune cells that are essential for capturing organ-level processes. We describe human intestinal immuno-organoids (IIOs), formed through self-organization of epithelial organoids and autologous tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, a portion of which integrate within the epithelium and continuously survey the barrier. TRM cell migration and interaction with epithelial cells was orchestrated by TRM cell-enriched transcriptomic programs governing cell motility and adhesion. We combined IIOs and single-cell transcriptomics to investigate intestinal inflammation triggered by cancer-targeting biologics in patients. Inflammation was associated with the emergence of an activated population of CD8+ T cells that progressively acquired intraepithelial and cytotoxic features. The appearance of this effector population was preceded and potentiated by a T helper-1-like CD4+ population, which initially produced cytokines and subsequently became cytotoxic itself. As a system amenable to direct perturbation, IIOs allowed us to identify the Rho pathway as a new target for mitigation of immunotherapy-associated intestinal inflammation. Given that they recapitulate both the phenotypic outcomes and underlying interlineage immune interactions, IIOs can be used to study tissue-resident immune responses in the context of tumorigenesis and infectious and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Recaldin
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Linda Steinacher
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Immunology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruno Gjeta
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marius F Harter
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Lukas Adam
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Kromer
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marisa Pimentel Mendes
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bellavista
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Nikolaev
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Lazzaroni
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rok Krese
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umut Kilik
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doris Popovic
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bilgenaz Stoll
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Régine Gerard
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bscheider
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bickle
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lauriane Cabon
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - J Gray Camp
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolche Gjorevski
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland.
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15
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Kang K, Lin X, Chen P, Liu H, Liu F, Xiong W, Li G, Yi M, Li X, Wang H, Xiang B. T cell exhaustion in human cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189162. [PMID: 39089484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
T cell exhaustion refers to a progressive state in which T cells become functionally impaired due to sustained antigenic stimulation, which is characterized by increased expression of immune inhibitory receptors, but weakened effector functions, reduced self-renewal capacity, altered epigenetics, transcriptional programme and metabolism. T cell exhaustion is one of the major causes leading to immune escape of cancer, creating an environment that supports tumor development and metastatic spread. In addition, T cell exhaustion plays a pivotal role to the efficacy of current immunotherapies for cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of roles of T cell exhaustion in cancer development and progression. We summerized the regulatory mechanisms that involved in T cell exhaustion, including transcription factors, epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming events, and various microenvironmental factors such as cytokines, microorganisms, and tumor autocrine substances. The paper also discussed the challenges posed by T cell exhaustion to cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, highlightsing the obstacles encountered in ICB therapies and CAR-T therapies due to T cell exhaustion. Finally, the article provides an overview of current therapeutic options aimed to reversing or alleviating T cell exhaustion in ICB and CAR-T therapies. These therapeutic approaches seek to overcome T cell exhaustion and enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies in treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Kang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Huai Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Yi
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Infammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China; FuRong Laboratory, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
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16
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Kong D, Guo H. Construction and validation of a prognostic model for overall survival time of patients with ovarian cancer by metabolism-related genes. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2024; 50:1622-1639. [PMID: 39098991 DOI: 10.1111/jog.16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is a female-specific malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. The metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is closely related to the biological behavior of tumors. METHODS The prognostic signature of the metabolism-related gene (MRGs) was established by LASSO-Cox regression analysis. The prognostic signature of MRGs was also prognosticated in each clinical subgroup. These genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis and tissue expression exploration. Analysis of the MRG prognostic signature in terms of immune cell infiltration and antitumor drug susceptibility was also performed. RESULTS A MRG prognostic signature including 21 genes was established and validated. Most of the 21 MRGs were expressed at different levels in ovarian cancer than in normal ovarian tissue. The enrichment analysis suggested that MRGs were involved in lipid metabolism, membrane organization, and molecular binding. The MRG prognostic signature demonstrated the predictive value of overall survival time in various clinical subgroups. The monocyte, NKT, Tgd and Tex cell scores showed differences between the groups with high- and low-risk score. The antineoplastic drug analysis we performed provided information on ovarian cancer drug therapy and drug resistance. In vitro experiments verified that PLCH1 in 21 MRGs can regulate the apoptosis and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSION This metabolism-related prognostic signature was a potential prognostic factor in patients with ovarian cancer, demonstrating high stability and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshui Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
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17
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Izzati FN, Choksi H, Giuliana P, Abd-Rabbo D, Elsaesser H, Blundell A, Affe V, Kannen V, Jame-Chenarboo Z, Schmidt E, Kuypers M, Avila DB, Chiu ESY, Badmaev D, Cui H, Matthews J, Mallevaey T, Macauley MS, Brooks DG, Edgar LJ. A Unified Atlas of T cell Glycophysiology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.24.609521. [PMID: 39229125 PMCID: PMC11370581 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.24.609521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycans are emerging as important regulators of T cell function but remain poorly characterized across the functionally distinct populations that exist in vivo . Here, we couple single-cell analysis technologies with soluble lectins and chemical probes to interrogate glycosylation patterns on major T cell populations across multiple mouse and human tissues. Our analysis focused on terminal glycan epitopes with immunomodulatory functions, including sialoglycan ligands for Siglecs. We demonstrate that glycosylation patterns are diverse across the resting murine T cell repertoire and dynamically remodelled in response to antigen-specific stimulation. Surprisingly, we find that human T cell populations do not share the same glycoprofiles or glycan remodelling dynamics as their murine counterparts. We show that these differences can be explained by divergent regulation of glycan biosynthesis pathways between the species. These results highlight fundamental glycophysiological differences between mouse and human T cells and reveal features that are critical to consider for glycan-targeted therapies.
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18
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Hersey P, Tseng HY, Alavi S, Tiffen J. X and Y Differences in Melanoma Survival Between the Sexes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024. [PMID: 39180225 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Marked differences in survival from melanoma are noted between men and women that cannot be accounted for by behavioral differences. We and others have provided evidence that this difference may be due to increased expression of immune-related genes from the second X chromosome because of failure of X inactivation. In the present review, we have examined evidence for the contrary view that survival differences are due to weaker immune responses in males. One reason for this may be the loss of Y chromosomes (LOY), particularly in older males. The genes involved may have direct roles in immune responses or be noncoding RNAs that regulate both sex and autosomal genes involved in immune responses or tumor growth. Loss of the KDM6C and KDM5D demethylases appeared to common genes involved. The second factor appears to be the activation of androgen receptors (AR) on melanoma cells that increase their invasiveness and growth. Induction of T-cell exhaustion by AR that limits immune responses against melanoma appeared a common finding. The development of treatments to overcome effects related to gene loss on Y poses challenges, but several avenues related to AR signaling appear worthy of further study in the treatment of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Program, the Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- Melanoma Epigenetics Lab, the Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara Alavi
- Melanoma Epigenetics Lab, the Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessamy Tiffen
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Melanoma Epigenetics Lab, the Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Bevilacqua A, Franco F, Lu YT, Rahiman N, Kao KC, Chuang YM, Zhu Y, Held W, Xie X, Gunsalus KC, Xiao Z, Chen SY, Ho PC. PPARβ/δ-orchestrated metabolic reprogramming supports the formation and maintenance of memory CD8 + T cells. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadn2717. [PMID: 39178275 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adn2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
The formation of memory T cells is a fundamental feature of adaptative immunity, allowing the establishment of long-term protection against pathogens. Although emerging evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming is crucial for memory T cell differentiation and survival, the underlying mechanisms that drive metabolic rewiring in memory T cells remain unclear. Here, we found that up-regulation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) instructs the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during the establishment of central memory CD8+ T cells. PPARβ/δ-regulated changes included suppression of aerobic glycolysis and enhancement of oxidative metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, exposure to interleukin-15 and expression of T cell factor 1 facilitated activation of the PPARβ/δ pathway, counteracting apoptosis induced by antigen clearance and metabolic stress. Together, our findings indicate that PPARβ/δ is a master metabolic regulator orchestrating a metabolic switch that may be favorable for T cell longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bevilacqua
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Franco
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ya-Ting Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nabil Rahiman
- Center for Genomics and System Biology (CSGB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kung-Chi Kao
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Yanan Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Werner Held
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xin Xie
- Center for Genomics and System Biology (CSGB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kristin C Gunsalus
- Center for Genomics and System Biology (CSGB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhengtao Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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20
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Gholami A. Cancer stem cell-derived exosomes in CD8 + T cell exhaustion. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112509. [PMID: 38889509 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the most important ways of intercellular communication and signaling. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) secrete EVs to modulate immune checkpoint molecules and evade immune surveillance. Activated CD8+ T cells known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the most powerful anti-cancer adaptive cells. Their activity is compromised upon encountering cells and signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in hyporesponsiveness called exhaustion. CSC-derived exosomes express programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and upregulate programmed death-1 (PD-1) on CD8+ T cells to promote their exhaustion. PD-L1 expression on tumor-derived exosomes appears to be induced by CSC-derived exosomes containing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Tenascin-C is another constituent of CSC exosomes that acts on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in T cells. Glycolysis is a metabolic event promoted by the inducing effect of CSC-derived exosomes on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). CSC interaction with CD8+ T cells is even more complex as the CSC-derived exosomes contain Notch1 to stimulate stemness in non-tumor cells, and the inducible effect of Notch1 on PD-1 promotes CD8+ T cell exhaustion. CSC exosome targeting has not been extensively studied yet. Advances in the field will open up new therapeutic windows and shape the future of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Gholami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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21
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DePeaux K, Gunn WG, Rivadeneira DB, Delgoffe GM. Treatment with oncolytic vaccinia virus infects tumor-infiltrating regulatory and exhausted T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009062. [PMID: 39153823 PMCID: PMC11331848 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an attractive way to increase immune infiltration into an otherwise cold tumor. While OVs are engineered to selectively infect tumor cells, there is evidence that they can infect other non-malignant cells in the tumor. We sought to determine if oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) can infect lymphocytes in the tumor and, if so, how this was linked to therapeutic efficacy. METHODS To investigate infection of lymphocytes by VV, we used a GFP reporting VV in a murine head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor model. We also performed in vitro infection studies to determine the mechanism and consequences of VV lymphocyte infection by VV. RESULTS Our findings show that VV carries the capacity to infect proportions of immune cells, most notably T cells, after intratumoral treatment. Notably, this infection is preferential to terminally differentiated T cells that tend to reside in hypoxia. Infection of T cells leads to both virus production by the T cells as well as the eventual death of these cells. Using a mouse model which overexpressed the antiapoptotic protein Bcl2 in all T cells, we found that reducing T cell death following VV infection in MEER tumors reduced the number of complete regressions and reduced survival time compared with littermate control mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that OVs are capable of infecting more than just malignant cells after treatment, and that this infection may be an important part of the OV mechanism. We found that exhausted CD8+ T cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells were preferentially infected at early timepoints after treatment and subsequently died. When cell death in T cells was mitigated, mice responded poorly to VV treatment, suggesting that the deletion of these populations is critical to the therapeutic response to VV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin DePeaux
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William G Gunn
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dayana B Rivadeneira
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Steiner C, Denlinger N, Huang X, Yang Y. Stem-like CD8 + T cells in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1426418. [PMID: 39211052 PMCID: PMC11357971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1426418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem-like CD8+ T cells (TSL) are a subset of immune cells with superior persistence and antitumor immunity. They are TCF1+ PD-1+ and important for the expansion of tumor specific CD8+ T cells in response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. In acute infections, naïve CD8+ T cells differentiate into effector and memory CD8+ T cells; in cancer and chronic infections, persistent antigen stimulation can lead to T cell exhaustion. Recent studies have highlighted the dichotomy between late dysfunctional (or exhausted) T cells (TLD) that are TCF1- PD-1+ and self-renewing TCF1+ PD-1+ TSL from which they derive. TCF1+ TSL cells are considered to have stem cell-like properties akin to memory T cell populations and can give rise to cytotoxic effector and transitory T cell phenotypes (TTE) which mediate tumor control. In this review, we will discuss recent advances made in research on the formation and expansion of TSL, as well as distinct niches required for their differentiation and maintenance in the setting of cancer. We will also discuss potential strategies to generate these cells, with clinical implications for stemness enhancement in vaccine design, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and adoptive T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaopei Huang
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yiping Yang
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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23
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Gavil NV, Cheng K, Masopust D. Resident memory T cells and cancer. Immunity 2024; 57:1734-1751. [PMID: 39142275 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells positively correlate with cancer survival, but the anti-tumor mechanisms underlying this relationship are not understood. This review reconciles these observations, summarizing concepts of T cell immunosurveillance, fundamental TRM cell biology, and clinical observations on the role of TRM cells in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes. We also discuss emerging strategies that utilize TRM-phenotype cells for patient diagnostics, staging, and therapy. Current challenges are highlighted, including a lack of standardized T cell nomenclature and our limited understanding of relationships between T cell markers and underlying tumor biology. Existing findings are integrated into a summary of the field while emphasizing opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Veis Gavil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katarina Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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24
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Jackson CM, Pant A, Dinalankara W, Choi J, Jain A, Nitta R, Yazigi E, Saleh L, Zhao L, Nirschl TR, Kochel CM, Hwa-Lin Bergsneider B, Routkevitch D, Patel K, Cho KB, Tzeng S, Neshat SY, Kim YH, Smith BJ, Ramello MC, Sotillo E, Wang X, Green JJ, Bettegowda C, Li G, Brem H, Mackall CL, Pardoll DM, Drake CG, Marchionni L, Lim M. The cytokine Meteorin-like inhibits anti-tumor CD8 + T cell responses by disrupting mitochondrial function. Immunity 2024; 57:1864-1877.e9. [PMID: 39111315 PMCID: PMC11324406 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) hypofunction contributes to the progression of advanced cancers and is a frequent target of immunotherapy. Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic insufficiency drives T cell hypofunction during tonic stimulation, but the signals that initiate metabolic reprogramming in this context are largely unknown. Here, we found that Meteorin-like (METRNL), a metabolically active cytokine secreted by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), induced bioenergetic failure of CD8+ T cells. METRNL was secreted by CD8+ T cells during repeated stimulation and acted via both autocrine and paracrine signaling. Mechanistically, METRNL increased E2F-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) activity, causing mitochondrial depolarization and decreased oxidative phosphorylation, which triggered a compensatory bioenergetic shift to glycolysis. Metrnl ablation or downregulation improved the metabolic fitness of CD8+ T cells and enhanced tumor control in several tumor models, demonstrating the translational potential of targeting the METRNL-E2F-PPARδ pathway to support bioenergetic fitness of CD8+ TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ayush Pant
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Departments of Oncology and Medicine, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wikum Dinalankara
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Departments of Oncology and Medicine, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Aanchal Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Nitta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Eli Yazigi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Saleh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Departments of Oncology and Medicine, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas R Nirschl
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Departments of Oncology and Medicine, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina M Kochel
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Departments of Oncology and Medicine, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Denis Routkevitch
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kisha Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kwang Bog Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stephany Tzeng
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Y Neshat
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Barbara J Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Cecilia Ramello
- Center for Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gordon Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Departments of Oncology and Medicine, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Departments of Oncology and Medicine, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Departments of Oncology and Medicine, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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25
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Andrews LP, Butler SC, Cui J, Cillo AR, Cardello C, Liu C, Brunazzi EA, Baessler A, Xie B, Kunning SR, Ngiow SF, Huang YJ, Manne S, Sharpe AH, Delgoffe GM, Wherry EJ, Kirkwood JM, Bruno TC, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. LAG-3 and PD-1 synergize on CD8 + T cells to drive T cell exhaustion and hinder autocrine IFN-γ-dependent anti-tumor immunity. Cell 2024; 187:4355-4372.e22. [PMID: 39121848 PMCID: PMC11323044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Overcoming immune-mediated resistance to PD-1 blockade remains a major clinical challenge. Enhanced efficacy has been demonstrated in melanoma patients with combined nivolumab (anti-PD-1) and relatlimab (anti-LAG-3) treatment, the first in its class to be FDA approved. However, how these two inhibitory receptors synergize to hinder anti-tumor immunity remains unknown. Here, we show that CD8+ T cells deficient in both PD-1 and LAG-3, in contrast to CD8+ T cells lacking either receptor, mediate enhanced tumor clearance and long-term survival in mouse models of melanoma. PD-1- and LAG-3-deficient CD8+ T cells were transcriptionally distinct, with broad TCR clonality and enrichment of effector-like and interferon-responsive genes, resulting in enhanced IFN-γ release indicative of functionality. LAG-3 and PD-1 combined to drive T cell exhaustion, playing a dominant role in modulating TOX expression. Mechanistically, autocrine, cell-intrinsic IFN-γ signaling was required for PD-1- and LAG-3-deficient CD8+ T cells to enhance anti-tumor immunity, providing insight into how combinatorial targeting of LAG-3 and PD-1 enhances efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Andrews
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel C Butler
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony R Cillo
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carly Cardello
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erin A Brunazzi
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Baessler
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bingxian Xie
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sheryl R Kunning
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinghui Jane Huang
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tulia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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26
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Ngiow SF, Manne S, Huang YJ, Azar T, Chen Z, Mathew D, Chen Q, Khan O, Wu JE, Alcalde V, Flowers AJ, McClain S, Baxter AE, Kurachi M, Shi J, Huang AC, Giles JR, Sharpe AH, Vignali DAA, Wherry EJ. LAG-3 sustains TOX expression and regulates the CD94/NKG2-Qa-1b axis to govern exhausted CD8 T cell NK receptor expression and cytotoxicity. Cell 2024; 187:4336-4354.e19. [PMID: 39121847 PMCID: PMC11337978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells in chronic viral infection and cancer have sustained co-expression of inhibitory receptors (IRs). Tex cells can be reinvigorated by blocking IRs, such as PD-1, but synergistic reinvigoration and enhanced disease control can be achieved by co-targeting multiple IRs including PD-1 and LAG-3. To dissect the molecular changes intrinsic when these IR pathways are disrupted, we investigated the impact of loss of PD-1 and/or LAG-3 on Tex cells during chronic infection. These analyses revealed distinct roles of PD-1 and LAG-3 in regulating Tex cell proliferation and effector functions, respectively. Moreover, these studies identified an essential role for LAG-3 in sustaining TOX and Tex cell durability as well as a LAG-3-dependent circuit that generated a CD94/NKG2+ subset of Tex cells with enhanced cytotoxicity mediated by recognition of the stress ligand Qa-1b, with similar observations in humans. These analyses disentangle the non-redundant mechanisms of PD-1 and LAG-3 and their synergy in regulating Tex cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinghui Jane Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tarek Azar
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qingzhou Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Omar Khan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victor Alcalde
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahron J Flowers
- Tara Miller Melanoma Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean McClain
- Tara Miller Melanoma Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junwei Shi
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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27
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Hor JL, Schrom EC, Wong-Rolle A, Vistain L, Shang W, Dong Q, Zhao C, Jin C, Germain RN. PD-1 controls differentiation, survival, and TCR affinity evolution of stem-like CD8+ T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.02.606241. [PMID: 39211103 PMCID: PMC11360996 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.02.606241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Stem-like progenitors are a critical subset of cytotoxic T cells that self-renew and give rise to expanded populations of effector cells critical for successful checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Emerging evidence suggests that the tumor-draining lymph nodes can support the continuous generation of these stem-like cells that replenish the tumor sites and act as a critical source of expanded effector populations, underlining the importance of understanding what factors promote and maintain activated T cells in the stem-like state. Using advanced 3D multiplex immunofluorescence imaging, here we identified antigen-presentation niches in tumor-draining lymph nodes that support the expansion, maintenance, and affinity evolution of a unique population of TCF-1+PD-1+SLAMF6 hi stem-like CD8+ T cells. Our results show that contrary to the prevailing view that persistent TCR signaling drives terminal effector differentiation, prolonged antigen engagement well beyond the initial priming phase sustained the proliferation and self-renewal of these stem-like T cells in vivo . The inhibitory PD-1 pathway plays a central role in this process by mediating the fine-tuning of TCR and co-stimulatory signal input that enables selective expansion of high affinity TCR stem-like clones, enabling them to act as a renewable source of high affinity effector cells. PD-1 checkpoint blockade disrupts this fine tuning of input signaling, leading to terminal differentiation to the effector state or death of the most avid anti-tumor stem-like cells. Our results thus reveal an unexpected relationship between TCR ligand affinity recognition, a key negative feedback regulatory loop, and T cell stemness programming. Furthermore, these findings raise questions about whether anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade during cancer immunotherapy provides a short-term anti-tumor effect that comes at the cost of diminishing efficacy due to progressive loss of these critical high affinity stem-like precursors.
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28
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Schnell A. Stem-like T cells in cancer and autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2024; 325:9-22. [PMID: 38804499 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Stem-like T cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew, survive long-term, and give rise to a heterogeneous pool of effector and memory T cells. Recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and lineage tracing technologies revealed an important role for stem-like T cells in both autoimmunity and cancer. In cancer, stem-like T cells constitute an important arm of the anti-tumor immune response by giving rise to effector T cells that mediate tumor control. In contrast, in autoimmunity stem-like T cells perform an unfavorable role by forming a reservoir of long-lived autoreactive cells that replenish the pathogenic, effector T-cell pool and thereby driving disease pathology. This review provides background on the discovery of stem-like T cells and their function in cancer and autoimmunity. Moreover, the influence of the microbiota and metabolism on the stem-like T-cell pool is summarized. Lastly, the implications of our knowledge about stem-like T cells for clinical treatment strategies for cancer and autoimmunity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schnell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Xiong D, Yu H, Sun ZJ. Unlocking T cell exhaustion: Insights and implications for CAR-T cell therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:3416-3431. [PMID: 39220881 PMCID: PMC11365448 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy as a form of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown significant promise in cancer treatment, demonstrated by the FDA-approved CAR-T cell therapies targeting CD19 or B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) for hematological malignancies, albeit with moderate outcomes in solid tumors. However, despite these advancements, the efficacy of CAR-T therapy is often compromised by T cell exhaustion, a phenomenon that impedes the persistence and effector function of CAR-T cells, leading to a relapse rate of up to 75% in patients treated with CD19 or CD22 CAR-T cells for hematological malignancies. Strategies to overcome CAR-T exhaustion employ state-of-the-art genomic engineering tools and single-cell sequencing technologies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the latest mechanistic insights into T cell exhaustion and their implications for the current efforts to optimize CAR-T cell therapy. These insights, combined with lessons learned from benchmarking CAR-T based products in recent clinical trials, aim to address the challenges posed by T cell exhaustion, potentially setting the stage for the development of tailored next-generation approaches to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Province Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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30
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Andreata F, Laura C, Ravà M, Krueger CC, Ficht X, Kawashima K, Beccaria CG, Moalli F, Partini B, Fumagalli V, Nosetto G, Di Lucia P, Montali I, Garcia-Manteiga JM, Bono EB, Giustini L, Perucchini C, Venzin V, Ranucci S, Inverso D, De Giovanni M, Genua M, Ostuni R, Lugli E, Isogawa M, Ferrari C, Boni C, Fisicaro P, Guidotti LG, Iannacone M. Therapeutic potential of co-signaling receptor modulation in hepatitis B. Cell 2024; 187:4078-4094.e21. [PMID: 38897196 PMCID: PMC11290321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Reversing CD8+ T cell dysfunction is crucial in treating chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, yet specific molecular targets remain unclear. Our study analyzed co-signaling receptors during hepatocellular priming and traced the trajectory and fate of dysfunctional HBV-specific CD8+ T cells. Early on, these cells upregulate PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, OX40, 4-1BB, and ICOS. While blocking co-inhibitory receptors had minimal effect, activating 4-1BB and OX40 converted them into antiviral effectors. Prolonged stimulation led to a self-renewing, long-lived, heterogeneous population with a unique transcriptional profile. This includes dysfunctional progenitor/stem-like (TSL) cells and two distinct dysfunctional tissue-resident memory (TRM) populations. While 4-1BB expression is ubiquitously maintained, OX40 expression is limited to TSL. In chronic settings, only 4-1BB stimulation conferred antiviral activity. In HBeAg+ chronic patients, 4-1BB activation showed the highest potential to rejuvenate dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. Targeting all dysfunctional T cells, rather than only stem-like precursors, holds promise for treating chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Laura
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Micol Ravà
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Caroline C Krueger
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian G Beccaria
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Moalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Partini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Nosetto
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Montali
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - José M Garcia-Manteiga
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa B Bono
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Giustini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Perucchini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Venzin
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Ranucci
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco De Giovanni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Genua
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Ostuni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Lugli
- IRCSS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carolina Boni
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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31
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Huang H, Zhu X, Yu Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Xia L, Lu S. EGFR mutations induce the suppression of CD8 + T cell and anti-PD-1 resistance via ERK1/2-p90RSK-TGF-β axis in non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:653. [PMID: 39004699 PMCID: PMC11246587 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations exhibit an unfavorable response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy, and their tumor microenvironment (TME) is usually immunosuppressed. TGF-β plays an important role in immunosuppression; however, the effects of TGF-β on the TME and the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy against EGFR-mutated tumors remain unclear. METHODS Corresponding in vitro studies used the TCGA database, clinical specimens, and self-constructed mouse cell lines with EGFR mutations. We utilized C57BL/6N and humanized M-NSG mouse models bearing EGFR-mutated NSCLC to investigate the effects of TGF-β on the TME and the combined efficacy of TGF-β blockade and anti-PD-1 therapy. The changes in immune cells were monitored by flow cytometry. The correlation between TGF-β and immunotherapy outcomes of EGFR-mutated NSCLC was verified by clinical samples. RESULTS We identified that TGF-β was upregulated in EGFR-mutated NSCLC by EGFR activation and subsequent ERK1/2-p90RSK phosphorylation. TGF-β directly inhibited CD8+ T cell infiltration, proliferation, and cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo, but blocking TGF-β did not suppress the growth of EGFR-mutated tumors in vivo. Anti-TGF-β antibody combined with anti-PD-1 antibody significantly inhibited the proliferation of recombinant EGFR-mutated tumors in C57BL/6N mice, which was superior to their monotherapy. Mechanistically, the combination of anti-TGF-β and anti-PD-1 antibodies significantly increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and enhanced the anti-tumor function of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, we found that the expression of TGF-β1 in EGFR-TKI resistant cell lines was significantly higher than that in parental cell lines. The combination of anti-TGF-β and nivolumab significantly inhibited the proliferation of EGFR-TKI resistant tumors in humanized M-NSG mice and prolonged their survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that TGF-β expression is upregulated in NSCLC with EGFR mutations through the EGFR-ERK1/2-p90RSK signaling pathway. High TGF-β expression inhibits the infiltration and anti-tumor function of CD8+ T cells, contributing to the "cold" TME of EGFR-mutated tumors. Blocking TGF-β can reshape the TME and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 in EGFR-mutated tumors, which provides a potential combination immunotherapy strategy for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaokuan Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yongfeng Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ziming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Liliang Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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De León-Rodríguez SG, Aguilar-Flores C, Gajón JA, Juárez-Flores Á, Mantilla A, Gerson-Cwilich R, Martínez-Herrera JF, Villegas-Osorno DA, Gutiérrez-Quiroz CT, Buenaventura-Cisneros S, Sánchez-Prieto MA, Castelán-Maldonado E, Rivera Rivera S, Fuentes-Pananá EM, Bonifaz LC. TCF1-positive and TCF1-negative TRM CD8 T cell subsets and cDC1s orchestrate melanoma protection and immunotherapy response. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008739. [PMID: 38969523 PMCID: PMC11227852 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, has undergone a transformative treatment shift with the advent of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI). Understanding the intricate network of immune cells infiltrating the tumor and orchestrating the control of melanoma cells and the response to CBI is currently of utmost importance. There is evidence underscoring the significance of tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8 T cells and classic dendritic cell type 1 (cDC1) in cancer protection. Transcriptomic studies also support the existence of a TCF7+ (encoding TCF1) T cell as the most important for immunotherapy response, although uncertainty exists about whether there is a TCF1+TRM T cell due to evidence indicating TCF1 downregulation for tissue residency activation. METHODS We used multiplexed immunofluorescence and spectral flow cytometry to evaluate TRM CD8 T cells and cDC1 in two melanoma patient cohorts: one immunotherapy-naive and the other receiving immunotherapy. The first cohort was divided between patients free of disease or with metastasis 2 years postdiagnosis while the second between CBI responders and non-responders. RESULTS Our study identifies two CD8+TRM subsets, TCF1+ and TCF1-, correlating with melanoma protection. TCF1+TRM cells show heightened expression of IFN-γ and Ki67 while TCF1- TRM cells exhibit increased expression of cytotoxic molecules. In metastatic patients, TRM subsets undergo a shift in marker expression, with the TCF1- subset displaying increased expression of exhaustion markers. We observed a close spatial correlation between cDC1s and TRMs, with TCF1+TRM/cDC1 pairs enriched in the stroma and TCF1- TRM/cDC1 pairs in tumor areas. Notably, these TCF1- TRMs express cytotoxic molecules and are associated with apoptotic melanoma cells. Both TCF1+ and TCF1- TRM subsets, alongside cDC1, prove relevant to CBI response. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the importance of TRM CD8 T cells and cDC1 in melanoma protection while also highlighting the existence of functionally distinctive TCF1+ and TCF1- TRM subsets, both crucial for melanoma control and CBI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraí G De León-Rodríguez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Cristina Aguilar-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Julián A Gajón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángel Juárez-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mantilla
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital de Oncología Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - José Fabián Martínez-Herrera
- Medical Center American British Cowdray, Mexico City, Mexico
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Claudia T Gutiérrez-Quiroz
- UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional General Manuel Avila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Mario Alberto Sánchez-Prieto
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad No.25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- División de Atención Oncológica en Adultos. Coordinación de Atención Oncológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Edmundo Castelán-Maldonado
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad No.25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Samuel Rivera Rivera
- Medical Center American British Cowdray, Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Atención Oncológica en Adultos. Coordinación de Atención Oncológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ezequiel M Fuentes-Pananá
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura C Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Coordinación de investigación en salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Ishigaki H, Yamauchi T, Long MD, Hoki T, Yamamoto Y, Oba T, Ito F. Generation, Transcriptomic States, and Clinical Relevance of CX3CR1+ CD8 T Cells in Melanoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1802-1814. [PMID: 38881188 PMCID: PMC11267618 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Recent progress in single-cell profiling technologies has revealed significant phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. However, the transition between the different states of intratumoral antigen-specific CD8+ T cells remains elusive. Here, we sought to examine the generation, transcriptomic states, and the clinical relevance of melanoma-infiltrating CD8+ T cells expressing a chemokine receptor and T-cell differentiation marker, CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1). Analysis of single-cell datasets revealed distinct human melanoma-infiltrating CD8+ T-cell clusters expressing genes associated with effector T-cell function but with distinguishing expression of CX3CR1 or PDCD1. No obvious impact of CX3CR1 expression in melanoma on the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy was observed while increased pretreatment and on-treatment frequency of a CD8+ T-cell cluster expressing high levels of exhaustion markers was associated with poor response to the treatment. Adoptively transferred antigen-specific CX3CR1- CD8+ T cells differentiated into the CX3CR1+ subset in mice treated with FTY720, which inhibits lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid tissues, suggesting the intratumoral generation of CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells rather than their trafficking from secondary lymphoid organs. Furthermore, analysis of adoptively transferred antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, in which the Cx3cr1 gene was replaced with a marker gene confirmed that CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells could directly differentiate from the intratumoral CX3CR1- subset. These findings highlight that tumor antigen-specific CX3CR1- CD8+ T cells can fully differentiate outside the secondary lymphoid organs and generate CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which are distinct from CD8+ T cells that express markers of exhaustion. SIGNIFICANCE Intratumoral T cells are composed of heterogeneous subpopulations with various phenotypic and transcriptional states. This study illustrates the intratumoral generation of antigen-specific CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells that exhibit distinct transcriptomic signatures and clinical relevance from CD8+ T cells expressing markers of exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Ishigaki
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Toshifumi Hoki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
- Oncology Science Unit, MSD Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Oba
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Fumito Ito
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
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Broomfield BJ, Tan CW, Qin RZ, Duckworth BC, Alvarado C, Dalit L, Chen J, Mackiewicz L, Muramatsu H, Pellegrini M, Rogers KL, Moon WJ, Nutt SL, Davis MJ, Pardi N, Wimmer VC, Groom JR. Transient inhibition of type I interferon enhances CD8 + T cell stemness and vaccine protection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600763. [PMID: 38979239 PMCID: PMC11230403 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Developing vaccines that promote CD8 + T cell memory is a challenge for infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy. TCF-1 + stem cell-like memory T (T SCM ) cells are important determinants of long-lived memory. Yet, the developmental requirements for T SCM formation are unclear. Here, we identify the temporal window for type I interferon (IFN-I) receptor (IFNAR) blockade to drive T SCM cell generation. T SCM cells were transcriptionally distinct and emerged from a transitional precursor of exhausted (T PEX ) cellular state concomitant with viral clearance. T SCM differentiation correlated with T cell retention within the lymph node paracortex, due to increased CXCR3 chemokine abundance which disrupted gradient formation. These affects were due a counterintuitive increase in IFNψ, which controlled cell location. Combining IFNAR inhibition with mRNA-LNP vaccination promoted specific T SCM differentiation and enhanced protection against chronic infection. These finding propose a new approach to vaccine design whereby modulation of inflammation promotes memory formation and function. HIGHLIGHTS Early, transient inhibition of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR) during acute viral infection promotes stem cell-like memory T (T SCM ) cell differentiation without establishing chronic infection. T SCM and precursor of exhausted (T PEX ) cellular states are distinguished transcriptionally and by cell surface markers. Developmentally, T SCM cell differentiation occurs via a transition from a T PEX state coinciding with viral clearance. Transient IFNAR blockade increases IFNψ production to modulate the ligands of CXCR3 and couple T SCM differentiation to cell retention within the T cell paracortex of the lymph node. Specific promotion of T SCM cell differentiation with nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccination elicits enhanced protection against chronic viral challenge.
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35
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Witkop EM, Diggins K, Wiedeman A, Serti E, Nepom G, Gersuk VH, Fuchs B, Long SA, Linsley PS. Interconnected lineage trajectories link conventional and natural killer (NK)-like exhausted CD8 + T cells beneficial in type 1 diabetes. Commun Biol 2024; 7:773. [PMID: 38937521 PMCID: PMC11211332 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Distinct Natural Killer (NK)-like CD57+ and PD-1+ CD8+ exhausted-like T cell populations (Tex) have both been linked to beneficial immunotherapy response in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. The origins and relationships between these cell types are poorly understood. Here we show that while PD-1+ and CD57+ Tex populations are epigenetically similar, CD57+ Tex cells display unique increased chromatin accessibility of inhibitory Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (iKIR) and other NK cell genes. PD-1+ and CD57+ Tex also show reciprocal expression of Inhibitory Receptors (IRs) and iKIRs accompanied by chromatin accessibility of Tcf1 and Tbet transcription factor target sites, respectively. CD57+ Tex show unappreciated gene expression heterogeneity and share clonal relationships with PD-1+ Tex, with these cells differentiating along four interconnected lineage trajectories: Tex-PD-1+, Tex-CD57+, Tex-Branching, and Tex-Fluid. Our findings demonstrate new relationships between Tex-like populations in human autoimmune disease and suggest that modulating common precursor populations may enhance response to autoimmune disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Witkop
- Benaroya Research Institute, Systems Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kirsten Diggins
- Benaroya Research Institute, Systems Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alice Wiedeman
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gerald Nepom
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Immune Tolerance Network (ITN), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vivian H Gersuk
- Benaroya Research Institute, Genomics Core, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bryce Fuchs
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Alice Long
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Linsley
- Benaroya Research Institute, Systems Immunology, Seattle, WA, USA.
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36
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Hao J, Li R, Zhao X, Liu X, Chen X, Xie T, Li X, Yao C, Sun Q, Wei K, Gou M, Chi X, Xu W, Ni L, Dong C. NR4A1 transcriptionally regulates the differentiation of stem-like CD8 + T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114301. [PMID: 38823016 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are rendered exhausted in tumor and chronic infection. Among heterogeneous exhausted T cells, a subpopulation of progenitor-like (Tpex) cells have been found important for long-term tumor or pathogen control and are also the main responders in immunotherapy. Using an RFP reporter mouse for the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1, originally characterized as critical in T cell dysfunction, we discover that the reporter is highly expressed in Tpex cells in tumor and chronic infection. Enforced expression of Nr4a1 promotes Tpex cell accumulation, whereas tumor control is improved after Nr4a1 deletion, associated with increased effector function but decreased long-term maintenance of CD8+ T cells. Integrating chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, NR4A1 is found to bind and promote the expression of Tpex-related genes, as well as suppress terminal differentiation-associated genes. This study therefore has identified a key role of NR4A1 in Tpex regulation and provides a promising target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hao
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenjun Yao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinli Sun
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wei
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengting Gou
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Chi
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Ni
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China; Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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37
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Bennion KB, Liu D, Dawood AS, Wyatt MM, Alexander KL, Abdel-Hakeem MS, Paulos CM, Ford ML. CD8 + T cell-derived Fgl2 regulates immunity in a cell-autonomous manner via ligation of FcγRIIB. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5280. [PMID: 38902261 PMCID: PMC11190225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulatory circuits dictating CD8+ T cell responsiveness versus exhaustion during anti-tumor immunity are incompletely understood. Here we report that tumor-infiltrating antigen-specific PD-1+ TCF-1- CD8+ T cells express the immunosuppressive cytokine Fgl2. Conditional deletion of Fgl2 specifically in mouse antigen-specific CD8+ T cells prolongs CD8+ T cell persistence, suppresses phenotypic and transcriptomic signatures of T cell exhaustion, and improves control of the tumor. In a mouse model of chronic viral infection, PD-1+ CD8+ T cell-derived Fgl2 also negatively regulates virus-specific T cell responses. In humans, CD8+ T cell-derived Fgl2 is associated with poorer survival in patients with melanoma. Mechanistically, the dampened responsiveness of WT Fgl2-expressing CD8+ T cells, when compared to Fgl2-deficient CD8+ T cells, is underpinned by the cell-intrinsic interaction of Fgl2 with CD8+ T cell-expressed FcγRIIB and concomitant caspase 3/7-mediated apoptosis. Our results thus illuminate a cell-autonomous regulatory axis by which PD-1+ CD8+ T cells both express the receptor and secrete its ligand in order to mediate suppression of anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey B Bennion
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abdelhameed S Dawood
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katie L Alexander
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hakeem
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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38
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Pan Y, Xue Q, Yang Y, Shi T, Wang H, Song X, Luo Y, Liu W, Ren S, Cai Y, Nie Y, Song Z, Liu B, Li JP, Wei J. Glycoengineering-based anti-PD-1-iRGD peptide conjugate boosts antitumor efficacy through T cell engagement. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101590. [PMID: 38843844 PMCID: PMC11228665 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite the important breakthroughs of immune checkpoint inhibitors in recent years, the objective response rates remain limited. Here, we synthesize programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody-iRGD cyclic peptide conjugate (αPD-1-(iRGD)2) through glycoengineering methods. In addition to enhancing tissue penetration, αPD-1-(iRGD)2 simultaneously engages tumor cells and PD-1+ T cells via dual targeting, thus mediating tumor-specific T cell activation and proliferation with mild effects on non-specific T cells. In multiple syngeneic mouse models, αPD-1-(iRGD)2 effectively reduces tumor growth with satisfactory biosafety. Moreover, results of flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-seq reveal that αPD-1-(iRGD)2 remodels the tumor microenvironment and expands a population of "better effector" CD8+ tumor infiltrating T cells expressing stem- and memory-associated genes, including Tcf7, Il7r, Lef1, and Bach2. Conclusively, αPD-1-(iRGD)2 is a promising antibody conjugate therapeutic beyond antibody-drug conjugate for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Pan
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Glyco-therapy Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Building 12, Hangzhou Pharmaceutical Town, 291 Fucheng Road, Xiasha Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanbing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueru Song
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiji Ren
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiran Cai
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Nie
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhentao Song
- Glyco-therapy Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Building 12, Hangzhou Pharmaceutical Town, 291 Fucheng Road, Xiasha Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie P Li
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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39
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Zhao N, Wang J, Huang S, Zhang J, Bao J, Ni H, Gao X, Zhang C. The landscape of programmed cell death-related lncRNAs in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01984-z. [PMID: 38853201 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This study delivers a thorough analysis of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating programmed cell death (PCD), vital for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We propose a new framework PCDLnc, and identified 20 significant lncRNAs, including HEIH, SNHG15, and SNHG5, associated with PCD gene sets, which were known for roles in proliferation and apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. By using GREAT software, we identified regulatory functions of top lncRNAs in different neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, lncRNAs cis-regulated mRNAs linked to neurodegeneration, including JAK2, AKT1, EGFR, CDC42, SNCA, and ADIPOQ, highlighting their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases. A further exploration into the differential expression of mRNA identified by PCDLnc revealed a role in apoptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy. Additionally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis exposed abnormal interactions among key genes, despite their consistent expression levels between disease and normal samples. The randomforest model effectively distinguished between disease samples, indicating a high level of accuracy. Shared gene subsets in AD and PD might serve as potential biomarkers, along with disease-specific gene sets. Besides, we also found the strong relationship between AD and immune infiltration. This research highlights the role of lncRNAs and their associated genes in PCD in neurodegenerative diseases, offering potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for future study and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shan Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin Bao
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haisen Ni
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinhang Gao
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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40
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Lan X, Mi T, Alli S, Guy C, Djekidel MN, Liu X, Boi S, Chowdhury P, He M, Zehn D, Feng Y, Youngblood B. Antitumor progenitor exhausted CD8 + T cells are sustained by TCR engagement. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1046-1058. [PMID: 38816618 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The durability of an antitumor immune response is mediated in part by the persistence of progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells (Tpex). Tpex serve as a resource for replenishing effector T cells and preserve their quantity through self-renewal. However, it is unknown how T cell receptor (TCR) engagement affects the self-renewal capacity of Tpex in settings of continued antigen exposure. Here we use a Lewis lung carcinoma model that elicits either optimal or attenuated TCR signaling in CD8+ T cells to show that formation of Tpex in tumor-draining lymph nodes and their intratumoral persistence is dependent on optimal TCR engagement. Notably, attenuated TCR stimulation accelerates the terminal differentiation of optimally primed Tpex. This TCR-reinforced Tpex development and self-renewal is coupled to proximal positioning to dendritic cells and epigenetic imprinting involving increased chromatin accessibility at Egr2 and Tcf1 target loci. Collectively, this study highlights the critical function of TCR engagement in sustaining Tpex during tumor progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Mice
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Mice, Knockout
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Cell Self Renewal
- Mice, Transgenic
- Early Growth Response Protein 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tian Mi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shanta Alli
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cliff Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Mathematics, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shannon Boi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Partha Chowdhury
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Minghong He
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ben Youngblood
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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41
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Fang Z, Ding X, Huang H, Jiang H, Jiang J, Zheng X. Revolutionizing tumor immunotherapy: unleashing the power of progenitor exhausted T cells. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0105. [PMID: 38825813 PMCID: PMC11208905 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In exploring persistent infections and malignancies, a distinctive subgroup of CD8+ T cells, progenitor exhausted CD8+ T (Tpex) cells, has been identified. These Tpex cells are notable for their remarkable self-renewal and rapid proliferation abilities. Recent strides in immunotherapy have demonstrated that Tpex cells expand and differentiate into responsive exhausted CD8+ T cells, thus underscoring their critical role in the immunotherapeutic retort. Clinical examinations have further clarified a robust positive correlation between the proportional abundance of Tpex cells and enhanced clinical prognosis. Tpex cells have found noteworthy applications in the formulation of inventive immunotherapeutic approaches against tumors. This review describes the functions of Tpex cells in the tumor milieu, particularly their potential utility in tumor immunotherapy. Precisely directing Tpex cells may be essential to achieving successful outcomes in immunotherapy against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Fang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xinyi Ding
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
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Correa-Medero LO, Jankowski SE, Hong HS, Armas ND, Vijendra AI, Reynolds MB, Fogo GM, Awad D, Dils AT, Inoki KA, Williams RG, Ye AM, Svezhova N, Gomez-Rivera F, Collins KL, O'Riordan MX, Sanderson TH, Lyssiotis CA, Carty SA. ER-associated degradation adapter Sel1L is required for CD8 + T cell function and memory formation following acute viral infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114156. [PMID: 38687642 PMCID: PMC11194752 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells underlies the efficacy of vaccines and immunotherapies. Pathways contributing to CD8+ T cell loss are not completely understood. Uncovering the pathways underlying the limited persistence of CD8+ T cells would be of significant benefit for developing novel strategies of promoting T cell persistence. Here, we demonstrate that murine CD8+ T cells experience endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress following activation and that the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) adapter Sel1L is induced in activated CD8+ T cells. Sel1L loss limits CD8+ T cell function and memory formation following acute viral infection. Mechanistically, Sel1L is required for optimal bioenergetics and c-Myc expression. Finally, we demonstrate that human CD8+ T cells experience ER stress upon activation and that ER stress is negatively associated with improved T cell functionality in T cell-redirecting therapies. Together, these results demonstrate that ER stress and ERAD are important regulators of T cell function and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O Correa-Medero
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Hanna S Hong
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas D Armas
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Mack B Reynolds
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Garrett M Fogo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexander T Dils
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Reid G Williams
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nadezhda Svezhova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Kathleen L Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary X O'Riordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shannon A Carty
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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43
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Wang L, Liao F, Yang L, Jiang L, Duan L, Wang B, Mu D, Chen J, Huang Y, Hu Q, Chen W. KLRG1-expressing CD8+ T cells are exhausted and polyfunctional in patients with chronic hepatitis B. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303945. [PMID: 38776335 PMCID: PMC11111010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) has traditionally been regarded as an inhibitory receptor of T cell exhaustion in chronic infection and inflammation. However, its exact role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains elusive. CD8+ T cells from 190 patients with chronic hepatitis B were analyzed ex vivo for checkpoint and apoptosis markers, transcription factors, cytokines and subtypes in 190 patients with chronic hepatitis B. KLRG1+ and KLRG1- CD8+ T cells were sorted for transcriptome analysis. The impact of the KLRG1-E-cadherin pathway on the suppression of HBV replication mediated by virus-specific T cells was validated in vitro. As expected, HBV-specific CD8+ T cells expressed higher levels of KLRG1 and showed an exhausted molecular phenotype and function. However, despite being enriched for the inhibitory molecules, thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX), eomesodermin (EOMES), and Helios, CD8+ T cells expressing KLRG1 produced significant levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, perforin, and granzyme B, demonstrating not exhausted but active function. Consistent with the in vitro phenotypic assay results, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data showed that signature effector T cell and exhausted T cell genes were enriched in KLRG1+ CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, in vitro testing confirmed that KLRG1-E-cadherin binding inhibits the antiviral efficacy of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells. Based on these findings, we concluded that KLRG1+ CD8+ T cells are not only a terminally exhausted subgroup but also exhibit functional diversity, despite inhibitory signs in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangli Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linshan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Mu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weixian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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44
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Smith AL, Skupa SA, Eiken AP, Reznicek TE, Schmitz E, Williams N, Moore DY, D’Angelo CR, Kallam A, Lunning MA, Bociek RG, Vose JM, Mohamed E, Mahr AR, Denton PW, Powell B, Bollag G, Rowley MJ, El-Gamal D. BET inhibition reforms the immune microenvironment and alleviates T cell dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e177054. [PMID: 38775157 PMCID: PMC11141939 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Redundant tumor microenvironment (TME) immunosuppressive mechanisms and epigenetic maintenance of terminal T cell exhaustion greatly hinder functional antitumor immune responses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins regulate key pathways contributing to CLL pathogenesis and TME interactions, including T cell function and differentiation. Herein, we report that blocking BET protein function alleviates immunosuppressive networks in the CLL TME and repairs inherent CLL T cell defects. The pan-BET inhibitor OPN-51107 reduced exhaustion-associated cell signatures resulting in improved T cell proliferation and effector function in the Eμ-TCL1 splenic TME. Following BET inhibition (BET-i), TME T cells coexpressed significantly fewer inhibitory receptors (IRs) (e.g., PD-1, CD160, CD244, LAG3, VISTA). Complementary results were witnessed in primary CLL cultures, wherein OPN-51107 exerted proinflammatory effects on T cells, regardless of leukemic cell burden. BET-i additionally promotes a progenitor T cell phenotype through reduced expression of transcription factors that maintain terminal differentiation and increased expression of TCF-1, at least in part through altered chromatin accessibility. Moreover, direct T cell effects of BET-i were unmatched by common targeted therapies in CLL. This study demonstrates the immunomodulatory action of BET-i on CLL T cells and supports the inclusion of BET inhibitors in the management of CLL to alleviate terminal T cell dysfunction and potentially enhance tumoricidal T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nolan Williams
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
| | - Dalia Y. Moore
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
| | - Christopher R. D’Angelo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Avyakta Kallam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Matthew A. Lunning
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - R. Gregory Bociek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Julie M. Vose
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eslam Mohamed
- College of Medicine and College of Graduate Studies, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Anna R. Mahr
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Paul W. Denton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ben Powell
- Plexxikon Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Dalia El-Gamal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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45
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Ta HM, Roy D, Zhang K, Alban T, Juric I, Dong J, Parthasarathy PB, Patnaik S, Delaney E, Gilmour C, Zakeri A, Shukla N, Rupani A, Phoon YP, Liu C, Avril S, Gastman B, Chan T, Wang LL. LRIG1 engages ligand VISTA and impairs tumor-specific CD8 + T cell responses. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi7418. [PMID: 38758807 PMCID: PMC11334715 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi7418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is a promising approach to activate antitumor immunity and improve the survival of patients with cancer. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint target; however, the downstream signaling mechanisms are elusive. Here, we identify leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) as a VISTA binding partner, which acts as an inhibitory receptor by engaging VISTA and suppressing T cell receptor signaling pathways. Mice with T cell-specific LRIG1 deletion developed superior antitumor responses because of expansion of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with increased effector function and survival. Sustained tumor control was associated with a reduction of quiescent CTLs (TCF1+ CD62Lhi PD-1low) and a reciprocal increase in progenitor and memory-like CTLs (TCF1+ PD-1+). In patients with melanoma, elevated LRIG1 expression on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ CTLs correlated with resistance to immunotherapies. These results delineate the role of LRIG1 as an inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor and propose a rationale for targeting the VISTA/LRIG1 axis for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Minh Ta
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dia Roy
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Keman Zhang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tyler Alban
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ivan Juric
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juan Dong
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Prerana B. Parthasarathy
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sachin Patnaik
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Delaney
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cassandra Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amin Zakeri
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amit Rupani
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yee Peng Phoon
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caini Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stefanie Avril
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian Gastman
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy Chan
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Li Lily Wang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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46
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Dyikanov D, Zaitsev A, Vasileva T, Wang I, Sokolov AA, Bolshakov ES, Frank A, Turova P, Golubeva O, Gantseva A, Kamysheva A, Shpudeiko P, Krauz I, Abdou M, Chasse M, Conroy T, Merriam NR, Alesse JE, English N, Shpak B, Shchetsova A, Tikhonov E, Filatov I, Radko A, Bolshakova A, Kachalova A, Lugovykh N, Bulahov A, Kilina A, Asanbekov S, Zheleznyak I, Skoptsov P, Alekseeva E, Johnson JM, Curry JM, Linnenbach AJ, South AP, Yang E, Morozov K, Terenteva A, Nigmatullina L, Fastovetz D, Bobe A, Balabanian L, Nomie K, Yong ST, Davitt CJH, Ryabykh A, Kudryashova O, Tazearslan C, Bagaev A, Fowler N, Luginbuhl AJ, Ataullakhanov RI, Goldberg MF. Comprehensive peripheral blood immunoprofiling reveals five immunotypes with immunotherapy response characteristics in patients with cancer. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:759-779.e12. [PMID: 38744245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The lack of comprehensive diagnostics and consensus analytical models for evaluating the status of a patient's immune system has hindered a wider adoption of immunoprofiling for treatment monitoring and response prediction in cancer patients. To address this unmet need, we developed an immunoprofiling platform that uses multiparameter flow cytometry to characterize immune cell heterogeneity in the peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients with advanced cancers. Using unsupervised clustering, we identified five immunotypes with unique distributions of different cell types and gene expression profiles. An independent analysis of 17,800 open-source transcriptomes with the same approach corroborated these findings. Continuous immunotype-based signature scores were developed to correlate systemic immunity with patient responses to different cancer treatments, including immunotherapy, prognostically and predictively. Our approach and findings illustrate the potential utility of a simple blood test as a flexible tool for stratifying cancer patients into therapy response groups based on systemic immunoprofiling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer M Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alban J Linnenbach
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P South
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - EnJun Yang
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam J Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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47
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Tu TH, Grunbaum A, Santinon F, Kazanova A, Rozza N, Kremer R, Mihalcioiu C, Rudd CE. Decreased progenitor TCF1 + T-cells correlate with COVID-19 disease severity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:526. [PMID: 38702425 PMCID: PMC11068881 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, can lead to a severe inflammatory disease characterized by significant lymphopenia. However, the underlying cause for the depletion of T-cells in COVID-19 patients remains incompletely understood. In this study, we assessed the presence of different T-cell subsets in the progression of COVID-19 from mild to severe disease, with a focus on TCF1 expressing progenitor T-cells that are needed to replenish peripheral T-cells during infection. Our results showed a preferential decline in TCF1+ progenitor CD4 and CD8+ T-cells with disease severity. This decline was seen in various TCF1+ subsets including naive, memory and effector-memory cells, and surprisingly, was accompanied by a loss in cell division as seen by a marked decline in Ki67 expression. In addition, TCF1+ T-cells showed a reduction in pro-survival regulator, BcL2, and the appearance of a new population of TCF1 negative caspase-3 expressing cells in peripheral blood from patients with severe disease. The decline in TCF1+ T-cells was also seen in a subgroup of severe patients with vitamin D deficiency. Lastly, we found that sera from severe patients inhibited TCF1 transcription ex vivo which was attenuated by a blocking antibody against the cytokine, interleukin-12 (IL12). Collectively, our findings underscore the potential significance of TCF1+ progenitor T-cells in accounting for the loss of immunity in severe COVID-19 and outline an array of markers that could be used to identify disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Hien Tu
- Départment of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Ami Grunbaum
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - François Santinon
- Départment of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Kazanova
- Départment of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Nicholas Rozza
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Richard Kremer
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Catalin Mihalcioiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Départment of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada.
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48
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Dai A, Zhang X, Wang X, Liu G, Wang Q, Yu F. Transcription factors in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell development. Hum Cell 2024; 37:571-581. [PMID: 38436882 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a new and innovative approach to treating cancers that has shown promising results in the treatment of lymphoma. However, it has been found to be less effective in the treatment of solid tumors. To overcome the limitation, researchers have explored the use of combined CAR-T therapy with other complementary regimens that target specific genes or biomarkers, which would enhance the synergistic therapeutic effects. Transcription factors (TFs) have been identified as potential markers that can regulate gene expression in CAR-T cells to enhance their cytotoxicity and safety. TFs are known to bind DNA specifically and recruit cofactor proteins to regulate the expression of target genes. By targeting TFs, it is possible to improve the anti-tumor response of CAR-T cells by altering their phenotype and transcriptional map, thereby increasing their effector function, such as reducing the exhaustion, enhancing the survival, and cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells. This review summarizes the application of transcription factors in CART therapy to enhance the synergistic therapeutic effect of CAR-T cells in the treatment of solid tumors and improve their anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiangzhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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49
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Doan AE, Mueller KP, Chen AY, Rouin GT, Chen Y, Daniel B, Lattin J, Markovska M, Mozarsky B, Arias-Umana J, Hapke R, Jung IY, Wang A, Xu P, Klysz D, Zuern G, Bashti M, Quinn PJ, Miao Z, Sandor K, Zhang W, Chen GM, Ryu F, Logun M, Hall J, Tan K, Grupp SA, McClory SE, Lareau CA, Fraietta JA, Sotillo E, Satpathy AT, Mackall CL, Weber EW. FOXO1 is a master regulator of memory programming in CAR T cells. Nature 2024; 629:211-218. [PMID: 38600391 PMCID: PMC11062920 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A major limitation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies is the poor persistence of these cells in vivo1. The expression of memory-associated genes in CAR T cells is linked to their long-term persistence in patients and clinical efficacy2-6, suggesting that memory programs may underpin durable CAR T cell function. Here we show that the transcription factor FOXO1 is responsible for promoting memory and restraining exhaustion in human CAR T cells. Pharmacological inhibition or gene editing of endogenous FOXO1 diminished the expression of memory-associated genes, promoted an exhaustion-like phenotype and impaired the antitumour activity of CAR T cells. Overexpression of FOXO1 induced a gene-expression program consistent with T cell memory and increased chromatin accessibility at FOXO1-binding motifs. CAR T cells that overexpressed FOXO1 retained their function, memory potential and metabolic fitness in settings of chronic stimulation, and exhibited enhanced persistence and tumour control in vivo. By contrast, overexpression of TCF1 (encoded by TCF7) did not enforce canonical memory programs or enhance the potency of CAR T cells. Notably, FOXO1 activity correlated with positive clinical outcomes of patients treated with CAR T cells or tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, underscoring the clinical relevance of FOXO1 in cancer immunotherapy. Our results show that overexpressing FOXO1 can increase the antitumour activity of human CAR T cells, and highlight memory reprogramming as a broadly applicable approach for optimizing therapeutic T cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Doan
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine P Mueller
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andy Y Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Rouin
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yingshi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Lattin
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martina Markovska
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brett Mozarsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose Arias-Umana
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Hapke
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - In-Young Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dorota Klysz
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Zuern
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malek Bashti
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick J Quinn
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenxi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Chen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Faith Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meghan Logun
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junior Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan E McClory
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Evan W Weber
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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50
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Huang Y, Qin Y, He Y, Qiu D, Zheng Y, Wei J, Zhang L, Yang DH, Li Y. Advances in molecular targeted drugs in combination with CAR-T cell therapy for hematologic malignancies. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 74:101082. [PMID: 38569225 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Molecular targeted drugs and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy represent specific biological treatments that have significantly improved the efficacy of treating hematologic malignancies. However, they face challenges such as drug resistance and recurrence after treatment. Combining molecular targeted drugs and CAR-T cells could regulate immunity, improve tumor microenvironment (TME), promote cell apoptosis, and enhance sensitivity to tumor cell killing. This approach might provide a dual coordinated attack on cancer cells, effectively eliminating minimal residual disease and overcoming therapy resistance. Moreover, molecular targeted drugs can directly or indirectly enhance the anti-tumor effect of CAR-T cells by inducing tumor target antigen expression, reversing CAR-T cell exhaustion, and reducing CAR-T cell associated toxic side effects. Therefore, combining molecular targeted drugs with CAR-T cells is a promising and novel tactic for treating hematologic malignancies. In this review article, we focus on analyzing the mechanism of therapy resistance and its reversal of CAR-T cell therapy resistance, as well as the synergistic mechanism, safety, and future challenges in CAR-T cell therapy in combination with molecular targeted drugs. We aim to explore the benefits of this combination therapy for patients with hematologic malignancies and provide a rationale for subsequent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yinjie Qin
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingzhi He
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Dezhi Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yeqin Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayue Wei
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Lenghe Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China.
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