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Harisa GI, Faris TM, Sherif AY, Alzhrani RF, Alanazi SA, Kohaf NA, Alanazi FK. Coding Therapeutic Nucleic Acids from Recombinant Proteins to Next-Generation Vaccines: Current Uses, Limitations, and Future Horizons. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1853-1871. [PMID: 37578574 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to highlight the potential use of cTNAs in therapeutic applications. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant use of coding therapeutic nucleic acids (cTNAs) in terms of DNA and mRNA in the development of vaccines. The use of cTNAs resulted in a paradigm shift in the therapeutic field. However, the injection of DNA or mRNA into the human body transforms cells into biological factories to produce the necessary proteins. Despite the success of cTNAs in the production of corona vaccines, they have several limitations such as instability, inability to cross biomembranes, immunogenicity, and the possibility of integration into the human genome. The chemical modification and utilization of smart drug delivery cargoes resolve cTNAs therapeutic problems. The success of cTNAs in corona vaccine production provides perspective for the eradication of influenza viruses, Zika virus, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, Ebola virus, malaria, and future pandemics by quick vaccine design. Moreover, the progress cTNAs technology is promising for the development of therapy for genetic disease, cancer therapy, and currently incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tarek M Faris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahman Y Sherif
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad F Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science Collage of Pharmacy, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neveen A Kohaf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Wang T, Yu T, Li W, Liu Q, Sung TC, Higuchi A. Design and lyophilization of mRNA-encapsulating lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124514. [PMID: 39067550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable success of two FDA-approved mRNA-encapsulating vaccines (Comirnaty® and Spikevax®) indicated the importance of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) delivery systems in clinical use. Currently, mRNA-encapsulating LNPs (mRNA-LNPs) vaccines are stored as frozen liquid at low or ultralow temperatures. We designed lyophilized LNPs utilizing FDA-approved lipids to expedite the clinical application of our developed lyophilized mRNA-LNPs in the future. The key parameters of sucrose concentration and the selection and molar ratio of the four lipids in these vaccines were optimized for long-term stability with high transfection efficiency after lyophilization. We demonstrated that 8.7% sucrose is the optimal cryoprotectant concentration to maintain the transfection efficiency of lyophilized mRNA-LNPs. Optimal lipid formulations with high transfection efficiency both before and after lyophilization were screened using an orthogonal experimental design. The ratios of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC)/cholesterol and the selection of the ionizable and PEGylated lipids are the main factors influencing the long-term stability of mRNA-LNPs. Comparative mouse transfection experiments showed that the optimal lyophilized mRNA-LNPs maintained high mRNA expression after lyophilization, predominantly in the spleen or liver, with no expression in the kidneys or eyes. Our studies demonstrated the importance of the sucrose concentration and of the selection and molar ratio of the four lipids composing LNPs for maintaining mRNA-LNP stability under lyophilization and for long-term storage under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Wanqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Tzu-Cheng Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Akon Higuchi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
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Yang J, Fan H, Yang A, Wang W, Wan X, Lin F, Yang D, Wu J, Wang K, Li W, Cai Q, You L, Pang D, Lu J, Guo C, Shi J, Sun Y, Li X, Duan K, Shen S, Meng S, Guo J, Wang Z. The Protective Efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidate B.1.351V against Several Variant Challenges in K18-hACE2 Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:742. [PMID: 39066379 PMCID: PMC11281458 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) with increased transmissibility and partial resistance to neutralization by antibodies has been observed globally. There is an urgent need for an effective vaccine to combat these variants. Our study demonstrated that the B.1.351 variant inactivated vaccine candidate (B.1.351V) generated strong binding and neutralizing antibody responses in BALB/c mice against the B.1.351 virus and other SARS-CoV-2 variants after two doses within 28 days. Immunized K18-hACE2 mice also exhibited elevated levels of live virus-neutralizing antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Following infection with these viruses, K18-hACE2 mice displayed a stable body weight, a high survival rate, minimal virus copies in lung tissue, and no lung damage compared to the control group. These findings indicate that B.1.351V offered protection against infection with multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice, providing insights for the development of a vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 VOCs for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Huifen Fan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Anna Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Fengjie Lin
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wei Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Lei You
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Deqin Pang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Changfu Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jinrong Shi
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Xinguo Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Kai Duan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shengli Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China; (J.Y.); (H.F.); (A.Y.); (W.W.); (X.W.); (F.L.); (D.Y.); (J.W.); (K.W.); (W.L.); (Q.C.); (L.Y.); (D.P.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (K.D.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Vaccines Research and Development of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430207, China
- Hubei Province Vaccine Technology Innovation Center, Wuhan 430207, China
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Jackson KJ. Party and play: Associations between US male sex workers' internet advertising characteristics and advertising chemsex to prospective clients. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38946315 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is broadly recognised that chemsex is more prevalent among men who have sex with men, but little is known about chemsex in the context of commercial sexual encounters between men. This study investigates sex worker advertising characteristics and their advertised willingness to engage in chemsex with clients. METHODS Data were web scraped from the profiles of US-based male sex workers (N = 3773) advertising services on an internet advertising platform in February 2021. This study describes the association between chemsex advertising and advertised age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, encounter type and COVID-19 acknowledgement. RESULTS 28.5% of sex workers (n = 1077) advertised chemsex, 64.7% of whom were 25-34 years-old (n = 697). The odds of chemsex advertising increased between ages 21-24 (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32) and declined among sex workers over 35 years-old (aOR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-1.00). Sex workers advertising as bisexual were more likely to advertise chemsex than those identifying as gay (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.18-1.63). Sex workers acknowledging COVID-19 were less likely to advertise chemsex compared to those who did not (aOR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.89). Encounter type was associated with chemsex advertising among sex workers in this sample; sex workers not offering the "boyfriend experience" were more than 50% less likely to advertise chemsex than those who did offer the boyfriend experience (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.36-0.61). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Chemsex advertising in this population is likely influenced by multiple sociodemographic and occupational characteristics. Identifying sex workers likely to engage in chemsex based on advertising data could inform targeted education and harm-reduction campaigns in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J Jackson
- Center for AIDS Preventions Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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Zhou H, Leng P, Wang Y, Yang K, Li C, Ojcius DM, Wang P, Jiang S. Development of T cell antigen-based human coronavirus vaccines against nAb-escaping SARS-CoV-2 variants. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00410-9. [PMID: 38942698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Currently approved vaccines have been successful in preventing the severity of COVID-19 and hospitalization. These vaccines primarily induce humoral immune responses; however, highly transmissible and mutated variants, such as the Omicron variant, weaken the neutralization potential of the vaccines, thus, raising serious concerns about their efficacy. Additionally, while neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) tend to wane more rapidly than cell-mediated immunity, long-lasting T cells typically prevent severe viral illness by directly killing infected cells or aiding other immune cells. Importantly, T cells are more cross-reactive than antibodies, thus, highly mutated variants are less likely to escape lasting broadly cross-reactive T cell immunity. Therefore, T cell antigen-based human coronavirus (HCoV) vaccines with the potential to serve as a supplementary weapon to combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with resistance to nAbs are urgently needed. Alternatively, T cell antigens could also be included in B cell antigen-based vaccines to strengthen vaccine efficacy. This review summarizes recent advancements in research and development of vaccines containing T cell antigens or both T and B cell antigens derived from proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants and/or other HCoVs based on different vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kaiwen Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco 94115, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health/Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Abernethy NF, McCloskey K, Trahey M, Rinn L, Broder GB, Andrasik M, Laborde R, McGhan D, Spendolini S, Marimuthu S, Kanzmeier A, Hanes J, Kublin J. Rapid Development of a Registry to Accelerate COVID-19 Vaccine Clinical Trials. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4397271. [PMID: 38947011 PMCID: PMC11213164 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4397271/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background The unprecedented scientific response to the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic in 2020 required the rapid development and activation of extensive clinical trial networks to study vaccines and therapeutics. The COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN) coordinated hundreds of sites conducting phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of vaccines and antibody therapeutics. To facilitate these clinical trials, the CoVPN Volunteer Screening Registry (VSR) was created to collect volunteer information at scale, identify volunteers at risk of COVID-19 who met enrollment criteria, distribute candidates across clinical trial sites, and enable monitoring of volunteering and enrollment progress. Methods We developed a secure database to support three primary web-based interfaces: a national volunteer questionnaire intake form, a clinical trial site portal, and an Administrative Portal. The Site Portal supported filters based on volunteer attributes, visual analytics, enrollment status tracking, geographic search, and clinical risk prediction. The Administrative Portal supported oversight and development with pre-specified reports aggregated by geography, trial, and trial site; charts of volunteer rates over time; volunteer risk score calculation; and dynamic, user-defined reports. Findings Over 650,000 volunteers joined the VSR, and 1094 users were trained to utilize the system. The VSR played a key role in recruitment for the Moderna, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax vaccine clinical trials, provided support to the Pfizer and Sanofi vaccine and prophylactic antibody clinical trials, and enhanced the diversity of trial participants. Clinical trial sites selected 166,729 volunteer records for follow-up screening, and of these 47·7% represented groups prioritized for increased enrollment. Despite the unprecedented urgency of its development, the system maintained 99·99% uptime. Interpretation The success of the VSR demonstrates that information tools can be rapidly yet safely developed through a public-private partnership and integrated into a distributed and accelerated clinical trial setting. We further summarize the requirements, design, and development of the system, and discuss lessons learned for future pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil F. Abernethy
- Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Kylie McCloskey
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Mail Stop M2-B500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Meg Trahey
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Mail Stop M2-B500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Laurie Rinn
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Mail Stop M2-B500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Gail B. Broder
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Mail Stop M2-B500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Michele Andrasik
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Mail Stop M2-B500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | | | - Daniel McGhan
- Oracle Corporation, 2300 Oracle Way, Austin, TX 78741
| | | | | | | | - Jayson Hanes
- Oracle Corporation, 2300 Oracle Way, Austin, TX 78741
| | - James Kublin
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Mail Stop M2-B500, Seattle, WA 98109
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7
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Xie Z, Lin YC, Steichen JM, Ozorowski G, Kratochvil S, Ray R, Torres JL, Liguori A, Kalyuzhniy O, Wang X, Warner JE, Weldon SR, Dale GA, Kirsch KH, Nair U, Baboo S, Georgeson E, Adachi Y, Kubitz M, Jackson AM, Richey ST, Volk RM, Lee JH, Diedrich JK, Prum T, Falcone S, Himansu S, Carfi A, Yates JR, Paulson JC, Sok D, Ward AB, Schief WR, Batista FD. mRNA-LNP HIV-1 trimer boosters elicit precursors to broad neutralizing antibodies. Science 2024; 384:eadk0582. [PMID: 38753770 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Germline-targeting (GT) HIV vaccine strategies are predicated on deriving broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) through multiple boost immunogens. However, as the recruitment of memory B cells (MBCs) to germinal centers (GCs) is inefficient and may be derailed by serum antibody-induced epitope masking, driving further B cell receptor (BCR) modification in GC-experienced B cells after boosting poses a challenge. Using humanized immunoglobulin knockin mice, we found that GT protein trimer immunogen N332-GT5 could prime inferred-germline precursors to the V3-glycan-targeted bnAb BG18 and that B cells primed by N332-GT5 were effectively boosted by either of two novel protein immunogens designed to have minimum cross-reactivity with the off-target V1-binding responses. The delivery of the prime and boost immunogens as messenger RNA lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) generated long-lasting GCs, somatic hypermutation, and affinity maturation and may be an effective tool in HIV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Xie
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ying-Cing Lin
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jon M Steichen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rashmi Ray
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xuesong Wang
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John E Warner
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephanie R Weldon
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gordon A Dale
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kathrin H Kirsch
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Usha Nair
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Baboo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yumiko Adachi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Abigail M Jackson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sara T Richey
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Reid M Volk
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thavaleak Prum
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Devin Sok
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Facundo D Batista
- The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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AlRawi HZ, AlQurashi A, AlDahan D, Alkhudhayri M, Alsharidah AR, Wani T, AlJaroudi D. Association between receiving Covid-19 vaccine and menstrual cycle patterns among childbearing women: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1934. [PMID: 38736480 PMCID: PMC11082084 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Many women reported experiencing abnormalities in their cycle after being vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccination. To understand this issue further, our study aimed to evaluate the menstrual cycle patterns among women of childbearing age after receiving COVID-19 vaccinations. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the impact of COVID-19 vaccine on women aged 18 years and above in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed among participants who had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. The questionnaire included questions about the participants' demographic characteristics, medical history, and vaccine-related adverse events. Results The study included 383 female participants with an average age of 30.8 ± 8.1 years. The majority of participants, 92.7%, were Saudi, and more than half, 51.4%, were single. Of the participants, 78.9% were disease-free, and a majority of 67.9% had no history of Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection. A significant proportion of participants reported postvaccination changes in the menstrual cycle. Specifically, 43.1% reported changes after the first dose, and 38.4% reported changes after the second dose (p = 0.044). The severity of premenstrual symptoms increased from 44 (11.5%) to 113 (29.5%) after the first dose. Reported pain on the (WONG-BAKER) scale was also significantly elevated from 34 (8.9%) to 87 (22.7%) (p < 0.001) after the first dose. Conclusion A relatively high prevalence of menstrual cycle irregularities was reported by Saudi vaccinated women, particularly young adults. These findings suggest the need to further research and explore the underlying causes of these irregularities and develop interventions that may help mitigate their impact on women's health. It is also recommended that women who observe long-term changes in their menstrual cycles seek follow-up and consultation with healthcare providers to ensure that any potential health concerns are addressed promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halah Z. AlRawi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical CityRiyadh Second Health ClusterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Alaa AlQurashi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical CityRiyadh Second Health ClusterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Doaa AlDahan
- Clinical Trials RegistrySaudi National Institution of Health (SNIH)RiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alkhudhayri
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical CityRiyadh Second Health ClusterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Tariq Wani
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical CityRiyadh Second Health ClusterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Dania AlJaroudi
- Reproductive Endocrine and Infertility Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical CityRiyadh Second Health ClusterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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9
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Stewart DJ, Bradford JP, Sehdev S, Ramsay T, Navani V, Rawson NSB, Jiang DM, Gotfrit J, Wheatley-Price P, Liu G, Kaplan A, Spadafora S, Goodman SG, Auer RAC, Batist G. New Anticancer Drugs: Reliably Assessing "Value" While Addressing High Prices. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:2453-2480. [PMID: 38785465 PMCID: PMC11119944 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31050184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Countries face challenges in paying for new drugs. High prices are driven in part by exploding drug development costs, which, in turn, are driven by essential but excessive regulation. Burdensome regulation also delays drug development, and this can translate into thousands of life-years lost. We need system-wide reform that will enable less expensive, faster drug development. The speed with which COVID-19 vaccines and AIDS therapies were developed indicates this is possible if governments prioritize it. Countries also differ in how they value drugs, and generally, those willing to pay more have better, faster access. Canada is used as an example to illustrate how "incremental cost-effectiveness ratios" (ICERs) based on measures such as gains in "quality-adjusted life-years" (QALYs) may be used to determine a drug's value but are often problematic, imprecise assessments. Generally, ICER/QALY estimates inadequately consider the impact of patient crossover or long post-progression survival, therapy benefits in distinct subpopulations, positive impacts of the therapy on other healthcare or societal costs, how much governments willingly might pay for other things, etc. Furthermore, a QALY value should be higher for a lethal or uncommon disease than for a common, nonlethal disease. Compared to international comparators, Canada is particularly ineffective in initiating public funding for essential new medications. Addressing these disparities demands urgent reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Stewart
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada (J.G.); (P.W.-P.)
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.R.); (R.A.C.A.)
- Life Saving Therapies Network, Ottawa, ON K1H 5E6, Canada; (J.-P.B.); (G.B.)
| | - John-Peter Bradford
- Life Saving Therapies Network, Ottawa, ON K1H 5E6, Canada; (J.-P.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Sandeep Sehdev
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada (J.G.); (P.W.-P.)
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.R.); (R.A.C.A.)
- Life Saving Therapies Network, Ottawa, ON K1H 5E6, Canada; (J.-P.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Tim Ramsay
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.R.); (R.A.C.A.)
| | - Vishal Navani
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Nigel S. B. Rawson
- Canadian Health Policy Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 0A4, Canada;
- Macdonald-Laurier Institute, Ottawa, ON K1N 7Z2, Canada
| | - Di Maria Jiang
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; (D.M.J.); (G.L.); (A.K.); (S.G.G.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Joanna Gotfrit
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada (J.G.); (P.W.-P.)
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.R.); (R.A.C.A.)
| | - Paul Wheatley-Price
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada (J.G.); (P.W.-P.)
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.R.); (R.A.C.A.)
- Life Saving Therapies Network, Ottawa, ON K1H 5E6, Canada; (J.-P.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; (D.M.J.); (G.L.); (A.K.); (S.G.G.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Alan Kaplan
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; (D.M.J.); (G.L.); (A.K.); (S.G.G.)
- Family Physicians Airway Group of Canada, Markham, ON L3R 9X9, Canada
| | - Silvana Spadafora
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6B 0A8, Canada;
| | - Shaun G. Goodman
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; (D.M.J.); (G.L.); (A.K.); (S.G.G.)
- St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Rebecca A. C. Auer
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.R.); (R.A.C.A.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Gerald Batist
- Life Saving Therapies Network, Ottawa, ON K1H 5E6, Canada; (J.-P.B.); (G.B.)
- Centre for Translational Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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10
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Oliveira VLS, Queiroz-Junior CM, Hoorelbeke D, Santos FRDS, Chaves IDM, Teixeira MM, Russo RDC, Proost P, Costa VV, Struyf S, Amaral FA. The glycosaminoglycan-binding chemokine fragment CXCL9(74-103) reduces inflammation and tissue damage in mouse models of coronavirus infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378591. [PMID: 38686377 PMCID: PMC11056509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary diseases represent a significant burden to patients and the healthcare system and are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Particularly, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact, affecting public health, economies, and daily life. While the peak of the crisis has subsided, the global number of reported COVID-19 cases remains significantly high, according to medical agencies around the world. Furthermore, despite the success of vaccines in reducing the number of deaths caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there remains a gap in the treatment of the disease, especially in addressing uncontrolled inflammation. The massive recruitment of leukocytes to lung tissue and alveoli is a hallmark factor in COVID-19, being essential for effectively responding to the pulmonary insult but also linked to inflammation and lung damage. In this context, mice models are a crucial tool, offering valuable insights into both the pathogenesis of the disease and potential therapeutic approaches. Methods Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding chemokine fragment CXCL9(74-103), a molecule that potentially decreases neutrophil transmigration by competing with chemokines for GAG-binding sites, in two models of pneumonia caused by coronavirus infection. Results In a murine model of betacoronavirus MHV-3 infection, the treatment with CXCL9(74-103) decreased the accumulation of total leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, to the alveolar space and improved several parameters of lung dysfunction 3 days after infection. Additionally, this treatment also reduced the lung damage. In the SARS-CoV-2 model in K18-hACE2-mice, CXCL9(74-103) significantly improved the clinical manifestations of the disease, reducing pulmonary damage and decreasing viral titers in the lungs. Discussion These findings indicate that CXCL9(74-103) resulted in highly favorable outcomes in controlling pneumonia caused by coronavirus, as it effectively diminishes the clinical consequences of the infections and reduces both local and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Louise Soares Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Delphine Hoorelbeke
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felipe Rocha da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ian de Meira Chaves
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Remo de Castro Russo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paul Proost
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flávio Almeida Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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11
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Tang X, Huo M, Chen Y, Huang H, Qin S, Luo J, Qin Z, Jiang X, Liu Y, Duan X, Wang R, Chen L, Li H, Fan N, He Z, He X, Shen B, Li SC, Song X. A novel deep generative model for mRNA vaccine development: Designing 5' UTRs with N1-methyl-pseudouridine modification. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1814-1826. [PMID: 38572113 PMCID: PMC10985129 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient translation mediated by the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) is essential for the robust efficacy of mRNA vaccines. However, the N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ) modification of mRNA can impact the translation efficiency of the 5' UTR. We discovered that the optimal 5' UTR for m1Ψ-modified mRNA (m1Ψ-5' UTR) differs significantly from its unmodified counterpart, highlighting the need for a specialized tool for designing m1Ψ-5' UTRs rather than directly utilizing high-expression endogenous gene 5' UTRs. In response, we developed a novel machine learning-based tool, Smart5UTR, which employs a deep generative model to identify superior m1Ψ-5' UTRs in silico. The tailored loss function and network architecture enable Smart5UTR to overcome limitations inherent in existing models. As a result, Smart5UTR can successfully design superior 5' UTRs, greatly benefiting mRNA vaccine development. Notably, Smart5UTR-designed superior 5' UTRs significantly enhanced antibody titers induced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, surpassing the performance of vaccines using high-expression endogenous gene 5' UTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Tang
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Miaozhe Huo
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 99907, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Shugang Qin
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jiaqi Luo
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 99907, China
| | - Zeyi Qin
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Boston, MA 02453, USA
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xing Duan
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 99907, China
| | - Lingxi Chen
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 99907, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Na Fan
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhongshan He
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xi He
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Shuai Cheng Li
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 99907, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Institute of Systems Genetics, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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12
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Zhu C, Pang S, Liu J, Duan Q. Current Progress, Challenges and Prospects in the Development of COVID-19 Vaccines. Drugs 2024; 84:403-423. [PMID: 38652356 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 772 million confirmed cases, including nearly 7 million deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Leveraging rapid development, accelerated vaccine approval processes, and large-scale production of various COVID-19 vaccines using different technical platforms, the WHO declared an end to the global health emergency of COVID-19 on May 5, 2023. Current COVID-19 vaccines encompass inactivated, live attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. However, the efficacy of these vaccines is diminishing due to the constant mutation of SARS-CoV-2 and the heightened immune evasion abilities of emerging variants. This review examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the biological characteristics of the virus, and its diverse variants. Moreover, the review underscores the effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of authorized COVID-19 vaccines. Additionally, it analyzes the challenges, strategies, and future prospects of developing a safe, broad-spectrum vaccine that confers sufficient and sustainable immune protection against new variants of SARS-CoV-2. These discussions not only offer insight for the development of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines but also summarize experiences for combating future emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congrui Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shengmei Pang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qiangde Duan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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13
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Dutta T, Agley J. College leadership decisions and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: an elite interview study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38498604 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2328139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study at a US Native American-serving Nontribal Institution (NASNTI) deeply analyzed collegiate leadership's responses and experiences during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS Elite interviews were conducted between April and June 2021 with the college president, provost, dean of student engagement, human resources director, and chief of police. Interviewees were purposively selected due to their positions of authority. METHODS Each one-hour interview used a semi-structured guide for standardization and was conducted either virtually or in-person while following COVID-19 protocols. The general inductive method was used to identify nodes and categories within the transcripts. RESULTS Six nodes (conceptual domains) and 18 categories were identified. Though there was variability in interviewee emphasis, the respondents described the motivations, drivers, and sentiment behind their decision-making in a transparent way. CONCLUSIONS NASNTI leadership reported being able to navigate the pandemic by emphasizing transparency and engaging students, while working alongside the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapati Dutta
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences Division, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | - Jon Agley
- Prevention Insights, Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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14
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Parikh R, Feigin KN, Sevilimedu V, Huayanay J, Pinker K, Horvat JV. Comparison of Axillary Lymph Nodes on Breast MRI Before and After COVID-19 Booster Vaccination. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:755-760. [PMID: 37037711 PMCID: PMC10017388 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Vaccine-related lymphadenopathy is a frequent finding following initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, but the frequency after COVID-19 booster vaccination is still unknown. In this study we compare axillary lymph node morphology on breast MRI before and after COVID-19 booster vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective, single-center, IRB-approved study included patients who underwent breast MRI between October 2021 and December 2021 after the COVID-19 booster vaccination. The axillary lymph node with the greatest cortical thickness ipsilateral to the side of vaccination was measured on MRI after booster vaccination and before initial COVID-19 vaccination. Comparisons were made between patients with and without increase in cortical thickness of ≥ 0.2 cm. Continuous covariates were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and categorical covariates were compared using Fisher's exact test. Multiple comparison adjustment was made using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. RESULTS All 128 patients were included. Twenty-four of 128 (19%) displayed an increase in lymph node cortical thickness of ≥ 0.2 cm. Patients who received the booster more recently were more likely to present cortical thickening, with a median of 9 days (IQR 5, 20) vs. 36 days (IQR 18, 59) (p < 0.001). Age (p = 0.5) and type of vaccine (p = 0.7) were not associated with thickening. No ipsilateral breast cancer or malignant lymphadenopathy were diagnosed on follow-up. CONCLUSION Axillary lymphadenopathy on breast MRI following COVID-19 booster vaccination is a frequent finding, especially in the first 3 weeks after vaccination. Additional evaluation or follow-up may be omitted in patients with low concern for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooshi Parikh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St., New York, NY 10065, USA; The City University of New York (CUNY) School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kimberly N Feigin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Varadan Sevilimedu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jorge Huayanay
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katja Pinker
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joao V Horvat
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St., New York, NY 10065, USA.
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15
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Duggar C, Santoli JM, Noblit C, Moore LB, El Kalach R, Bridges CB. U.S. COVID-19 vaccine distribution strategies, systems, performance, and lessons learned, December 2020 - May 2023. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00167-1. [PMID: 38360476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
During December 2020 through May 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Immunization Services Division supported and executed the largest vaccine distribution effort in U.S. history, delivering nearly one billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine to vaccine providers in all 50 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, Federated States of Micronesia, American Samoa, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau. While existing infrastructure, ordering, and distribution mechanisms were in place from the Vaccines for Children Program (VFC) and experience had been gained during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and incorporated into influenza vaccination pandemic planning, the scale and complexity of the national mobilization against a novel coronavirus resulted in many previously unforeseen challenges, particularly related to transporting and storing the majority of the U.S. COVID-19 vaccine at frozen and ultra-cold temperatures. This article describes the infrastructure supporting the distribution of U.S. government-purchased COVID-19 vaccines that was in place pre-pandemic, and the infrastructure, processes, and communications efforts developed to support the heightened demands of the COVID-19 vaccination program, and describes lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Duggar
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jeanne M Santoli
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Cameron Noblit
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lori B Moore
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Roua El Kalach
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Carolyn B Bridges
- General Dynamics Information Technology (GDIT) contractor supporting CDC's COVID-19 Response, United States
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16
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Imhof D, Hänggeli KPA, De Sousa MCF, Vigneswaran A, Hofmann L, Amdouni Y, Boubaker G, Müller J, Hemphill A. Working towards the development of vaccines and chemotherapeutics against neosporosis-With all of its ups and downs-Looking ahead. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2024; 124:91-154. [PMID: 38754928 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan and obligatory intracellular parasite, which is the leading cause of reproductive failure in cattle and affects other farm and domestic animals, but also induces neuromuscular disease in dogs of all ages. In cattle, neosporosis is an important health problem, and has a considerable economic impact. To date there is no protective vaccine or chemotherapeutic treatment on the market. Immuno-prophylaxis has long been considered as the best control measure. Proteins involved in host cell interaction and invasion, as well as antigens mediating inflammatory responses have been the most frequently assessed vaccine targets. However, despite considerable efforts no effective vaccine has been introduced to the market to date. The development of effective compounds to limit the effects of vertical transmission of N. caninum tachyzoites has emerged as an alternative or addition to vaccination, provided suitable targets and safe and efficacious drugs can be identified. Additionally, the combination of both treatment strategies might be interesting to further increase protectivity against N. caninum infections and to decrease the duration of treatment and the risk of potential drug resistance. Well-established and standardized animal infection models are key factors for the evaluation of promising vaccine and compound candidates. The vast majority of experimental animal experiments concerning neosporosis have been performed in mice, although in recent years the numbers of experimental studies in cattle and sheep have increased. In this review, we discuss the recent findings concerning the progress in drug and vaccine development against N. caninum infections in mice and ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Imhof
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Kai Pascal Alexander Hänggeli
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Cristina Ferreira De Sousa
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anitha Vigneswaran
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Hofmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yosra Amdouni
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ghalia Boubaker
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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17
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Cankat S, Demael MU, Swadling L. In search of a pan-coronavirus vaccine: next-generation vaccine design and immune mechanisms. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:103-118. [PMID: 38148330 PMCID: PMC10805787 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the coronaviridae family are endemic to human populations and have caused several epidemics and pandemics in recent history. In this review, we will discuss the feasibility of and progress toward the ultimate goal of creating a pan-coronavirus vaccine that can protect against infection and disease by all members of the coronavirus family. We will detail the unmet clinical need associated with the continued transmission of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and the four seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43, NL63, HKU1 and 229E) in humans and the potential for future zoonotic coronaviruses. We will highlight how first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and natural history studies have greatly increased our understanding of effective antiviral immunity to coronaviruses and have informed next-generation vaccine design. We will then consider the ideal properties of a pan-coronavirus vaccine and propose a blueprint for the type of immunity that may offer cross-protection. Finally, we will describe a subset of the diverse technologies and novel approaches being pursued with the goal of developing broadly or universally protective vaccines for coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cankat
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, London, NW3 2PP, UK
| | - M U Demael
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, London, NW3 2PP, UK
| | - L Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, London, NW3 2PP, UK.
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18
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Abdoli A, Jamshidi H, Taqavian M, Baghal ML, Jalili H. Omicron-specific and bivalent omicron-containing vaccine candidates elicit potent virus neutralisation in the animal model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:268. [PMID: 38168473 PMCID: PMC10762194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is able to escape from naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity, which mandates updating the current COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we investigated and compared the neutralising antibody induction of the ancestral variant-based BIV1-CovIran vaccine, the Omicron variant-based BIV1-CovIran Plus vaccine, and the novel bivalent vaccine candidate, BBIV1-CovIran, against the Omicron and ancestral Wuhan variants on the rat model. After inactivating the viral particles, the viruses were purified and formulated. Bivalent vaccines were a composition of 2.5 µg (5 µg total) or 5 µg (10 µg total) doses of each ansectral-based and Omicron-based monovalent vaccine. Subsequently, the potency of the monovalent and bivalent vaccines was investigated using the virus neutralisation test (VNT). The group that received three doses of the Omicron-specific vaccine demonstrated neutralisation activity against the Omicron variant with a geometric mean titer of 337.8. However, three doses of the Wuhan variant-specific vaccine could neutralise the Omicron variant at a maximum of 1/32 serum dilution. The neutralisation activity of the Omicron-specific vaccine, when administered as the booster dose after two doses of the Wuhan variant-specific vaccine, was 100% against the Omicron variant and the Wuhan variant at 1/64 and 1/128 serum dilution, respectively. Three doses of 5 µg bivalent vaccine could effectively neutralise both variants at the minimum of 1/128 serum dilution. The 10 µg bivalent vaccine at three doses showed even higher neutralisation titers: the geometric mean of 388 (95% CI 242.2-621.7) against Omicron and 445.7 (95% CI 303.3-655.0) against Wuhan. It is shown that the candidate bivalent and Omicron-specific vaccines could elicit a potent immune response against both Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron BA.1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Amirabad Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Unit, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hasan Jalili
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Vijverberg SJH, Kampouras A, Nayir Büyükşahin H, Makrinioti H, Petrarca L, Schmidt M, Schreck LD, Urbantat RM, Beydon N, Goutaki M, Lavizzari A, Proesmans M, Schramm D, Stahl M, Zacharasiewicz A, Moeller A, Pijnenburg MW. ERS International Congress 2023: highlights from the Paediatrics Assembly. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00853-2023. [PMID: 38410713 PMCID: PMC10895434 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00853-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory health in children is essential for general wellbeing and healthy development in the short and long term. It is well known that many respiratory diseases in adulthood have their origins in early life, and therefore research on prevention of respiratory diseases and management of children with respiratory diseases will benefit patients during the full life course. Scientific and clinical advances in the field of respiratory health are moving at a fast pace. This article summarises some of the highlights in paediatric respiratory medicine presented at the hybrid European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress 2023 which took place in Milan (Italy). Selected sessions are summarised by Early Career Members of the Paediatrics Assembly (Assembly 7) under the supervision of senior ERS officers, and cover a wide range of research areas in children, including respiratory physiology and sleep, asthma and allergy, cystic fibrosis, respiratory infection and immunology, neonatology and intensive care, respiratory epidemiology and bronchology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne J H Vijverberg
- Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asterios Kampouras
- Paediatric Pulmonology Department, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Halime Nayir Büyükşahin
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, Mardin Training and Research Hospital, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Heidi Makrinioti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Translational and Precision Medicine Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mehtap Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, Teaching Hospital of the University of Vienna, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonie D Schreck
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruth M Urbantat
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Beydon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Unité Fonctionnelle de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires et du Sommeil, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
- INSERM, U 938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Myrofora Goutaki
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lavizzari
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marijke Proesmans
- Division of Woman and Child, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Schramm
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mirjam Stahl
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Zacharasiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Teaching Hospital of the University of Vienna, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marielle W Pijnenburg
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Albattah MF, Al-Hayk K, Albattah M, Alshrouf MA. Bilateral Sequential Abducens Nerve Palsy After Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2): A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e51682. [PMID: 38313970 PMCID: PMC10838386 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report details the occurrence of bilateral sequential abducens nerve palsy in a previously healthy 42-year-old woman two days after receiving her first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2). Despite the widespread global administration of COVID-19 vaccines, instances of abducens palsy following vaccination are limited in the available literature. Considering the temporal association between vaccination and symptom onset, the absence of underlying medical conditions predisposing to such neurological manifestations, normal brain imaging results, the occurrence of other cranial palsies post-vaccination, and analogous occurrences after different vaccinations, we propose a plausible connection between the patient's abducens palsy and the COVID-19 vaccination. Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence regarding the side effects and safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines. Importantly, the resolution of symptoms with conservative management and the uneventful administration of the second vaccine dose suggest that the observed abducens palsy may be a transient and isolated reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak F Albattah
- Neurology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR
| | - Kefah Al-Hayk
- Neurology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR
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21
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Kumar N, Gangane N, Mohapatra I, Rukadikar C, Sharmila V, Pushpalatha K, Eerike M, Santhoshi G, Samantaray SR, Seth S, Trigunait P, Reddy NJ, Patel S, Rani S, Mishra R, Negi K. Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Menstrual Cycle Patterns of Reproductive-age Women: A Multi-centric Observational Study. Curr Drug Res Rev 2024; 16:237-248. [PMID: 37291775 DOI: 10.2174/2589977515666230608140606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study was conducted to know the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on menstrual cycle patterns and pre- and post-menstrual symptoms in women aged 18-45 years. BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccination was introduced to combat the dreadful impacts of human coronavirus infection. The two indigenously developed COVID-19 vaccines approved for use in India are COVISHIELD and COVAXIN. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the menstrual cycle, pre- and post-menstrual symptoms and to establish the correlation with the type of vaccine received. METHODS Multi-centric observational study conducted in six institutes of national importance in different states of India over one year. A total of 5709 female participants fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled. Data about the impact of vaccines (COVISHIELD and COVAXIN) and prior COVID-19 infection on the menstrual cycle and its associated symptoms were obtained using all participants' online and offline interviews. RESULTS Of 5709 participants, 78.2% received COVISHIELD and 21.8% COVAXIN. Of the total 5709 participants, 333 (5.8%) developed post-vaccination menstrual disturbances, with 32.7% having frequent cycles, 63.7% prolonged cycles, and 3.6% inter-menstrual bleeding. A total of 301 participants noticed changes in the amount of bleeding, with 50.2% excessive, 48.8% scanty, and 0.99% amenorrhea followed by heavy bleeding. Furthermore, the irregularities of the menstrual cycle (p = 0.011) and length (0.001) were significantly higher in the COVAXIN group (7.2%) as compared to the COVISHIELD (5.3%) group. A total of 721 participants complained of newly developed/worsening pre- and post-menstrual symptoms. These symptoms were significantly higher in the COVISHIELD group (p = 0.031), with generalized weakness and body pains as the main complaints (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of COVID-19 infection with these vaccines. No significant associations were observed when comparing menstrual abnormalities among those with COVID-19 infection (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION COVISHIELD and COVAXIN vaccines were associated with menstrual cycle disturbances and pre-and post-menstrual symptoms in a small proportion of participants, with 94.7% having no change in the amount of bleeding during menstruation post-vaccination. The menstrual irregularities observed were significantly higher with the COVAXIN vaccine. Others: Further, long-term studies are required to confirm that the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the menstrual cycle may be short-lasting, with no severe effects on women's menstrual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neha Gangane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ipsita Mohapatra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Charushila Rukadikar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijayan Sharmila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Pushpalatha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Madhavi Eerike
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G Santhoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subha Ranjan Samantaray
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Shikha Seth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pragati Trigunait
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nanditha Jangam Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Patel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sandhya Rani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Roopanshi Mishra
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamlesh Negi
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Quezada A, Annapareddy A, Javanmardi K, Cooper J, Finkelstein IJ. Mammalian Antigen Display for Pandemic Countermeasures. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2762:191-216. [PMID: 38315367 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3666-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Pandemic countermeasures require the rapid design of antigens for vaccines, profiling patient antibody responses, assessing antigen structure-function landscapes, and the surveillance of emerging viral lineages. Cell surface display of a viral antigen or its subdomains can facilitate these goals by coupling the phenotypes of protein variants to their DNA sequence. Screening surface-displayed proteins via flow cytometry also eliminates time-consuming protein purification steps. Prior approaches have primarily relied on yeast as a display chassis. However, yeast often cannot express large viral glycoproteins, requiring their truncation into subdomains. Here, we describe a method to design and express antigens on the surface of mammalian HEK293T cells. We discuss three use cases, including screening of stabilizing mutations, deep mutational scanning, and epitope mapping. The mammalian antigen display platform described herein will accelerate ongoing and future pandemic countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Quezada
- Department of Molecular BioSciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ankur Annapareddy
- Department of Molecular BioSciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kamyab Javanmardi
- Department of Molecular BioSciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - John Cooper
- Department of Molecular BioSciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ilya J Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular BioSciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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23
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Leontieva G, Gupalova T, Desheva Y, Kramskaya T, Bormotova E, Koroleva I, Kopteva O, Suvorov A. Evaluation of Immune Response to Mucosal Immunization with an Oral Probiotic-Based Vaccine in Mice: Potential for Prime-Boost Immunization against SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:215. [PMID: 38203387 PMCID: PMC10779021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the persistent genetic variability in the virus and its ongoing circulation within the global population necessitate the enhancement of existing preventive vaccines and the development of novel ones. A while back, we engineered an orally administered probiotic-based vaccine, L3-SARS, by integrating a gene fragment that encodes the spike protein S of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the genome of the probiotic strain E. faecium L3, inducing the expression of viral antigen on the surface of bacteria. Previous studies demonstrated the efficacy of this vaccine candidate in providing protection against the virus in Syrian hamsters. In this present study, utilizing laboratory mice, we assess the immune response subsequent to immunization via the gastrointestinal mucosa and discuss its potential as an initial phase in a two-stage vaccination strategy. Our findings indicate that the oral administration of L3-SARS elicits an adaptive immune response in mice. Pre-immunization with L3-SARS enhances and prolongs the humoral immune response following a single subcutaneous immunization with a recombinant S-protein analogous to the S-insert of the coronavirus in Enterococcus faecium L3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yulia Desheva
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (G.L.); (T.G.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
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24
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Shi F, Zhang J, Yang X, Gao H, Chen S, Weissman S, Olatosi B, Li X. COVID-19 Testing Among People with HIV: A Population Level Analysis Based on Statewide Data in South Carolina. AIDS Behav 2023:10.1007/s10461-023-04244-4. [PMID: 38109020 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) are at an elevated risk of developing severe COVID-19 outcomes because of compromised immunity and more comorbidities. However, existing literature suggests a lower rate of COVID-testing among PWH. This study aimed to explore the temporal trend of county-level COVID-19 testing rate and multi-level predictors of COVID-19 ever-testing among PWH in South Carolina (SC). Leveraging linked statewide HIV and COVID-19 datasets, we defined the study population as all adult (18 + years) PWH who were alive on March 2020 and living in SC. PWH with a COVID-19 testing record between March 2020 and October 2021 were defined as COVID-19 ever-testers. Logistic regression and generalized mixed models were used to investigate the association of PWH's demographic profile, HIV clinical characteristics (e.g., CD4 count, viral load), comorbidities, and social factors with COVID-19 testing among PWH. Among 15,660 adult PWH, 8,005 (51.12%) had ever tested for COVID-19 during the study period (March 2020-October 2021). PWH with older age, being male, and Hispanics were less likely to take COVID-19 testing, while men who have sex with men or injection drug users were more likely to take COVID-19 testing. PWH with higher recent viral load (10,000-100,000 copies/ml vs. <200 copies/ml: adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.55-0.75) and lower CD4 counts (> 350 cells/mm3 vs. <200 cells/mm3: AOR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.09-1.45) had lower odds for COVID-19 testing. Additionally, PWH with lower comorbidity burden and those living in rural areas were less likely to be tested for COVID-19. Differences in COVID-19 test-seeking behaviors were observed among PWH in the current study, which could help provide empirical evidence to inform the prioritization of further disease monitoring and targeted intervention. More efforts on building effective surveillance and screening systems are needed to allow early case detection and curbing disease transmission among older, male, Hispanic, and immune-suppressed PWH, especially in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Shi
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US.
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, US.
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US.
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
| | - Xueying Yang
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, US
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
| | - Haoyuan Gao
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
| | - Shujie Chen
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
| | - Sharon Weissman
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
| | - Bankole Olatosi
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality (CHQ), University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, US
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US
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25
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Takizawa T, Ihara K, Uno S, Ohtani S, Watanabe N, Imai N, Nakahara J, Hori S, Garcia-Azorin D, Martelletti P. Metabolic and toxicological considerations regarding CGRP mAbs and CGRP antagonists to treat migraine in COVID-19 patients: a narrative review. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:951-967. [PMID: 37925645 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2280221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Migraine pharmacological therapies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), including monoclonal antibodies and gepants, have shown clinical effect and optimal tolerability. Interactions between treatments of COVID-19 and CGRP-related drugs have not been reviewed. AREAS COVERED An overview of CGRP, a description of the characteristics of each CGRP-related drug and its response predictors, COVID-19 and its treatment, the interactions between CGRP-related drugs and COVID-19 treatment, COVID-19 and vaccination-induced headache, and the neurological consequences of Covid-19. EXPERT OPINION Clinicians should be careful about using gepants for COVID-19 patients, due to the potential drug interactions with drugs metabolized via CYP3A4 cytochrome. In particular, COVID-19 treatment (especially nirmatrelvir packaged with ritonavir, as Paxlovid) should be considered cautiously. It is advisable to stop or adjust the dose (10 mg atogepant when used for episodic migraine) of gepants when using Paxlovid (except for zavegepant). CGRP moncolconal antibodies (CGRP-mAbs) do not have drug - drug interactions, but a few days' interval between a COVID-19 vaccination and the use of CGRP mAbs is recommended to allow the accurate identification of the possible adverse effects, such as injection site reaction. Covid-19- and vaccination-related headache are known to occur. Whether CGRP-related drugs would be of benefit in these circumstances is not yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ihara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, Ashikaga, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Uno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Ohtani
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Drug Informatics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narumi Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Imai
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Hori
- Division of Drug Informatics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Garcia-Azorin
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- School of Health Sciences, Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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26
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Pérez-Tasigchana F, Valcárcel-Pérez I, Arias-Quispe M, Astudillo L, Bruno A, Herrera G. M, Armas R, de Mora D, Pinos J, Olmedo A, Salas R, Jimbo-Sotomayor R, Chiluisa C, Acosta P, Sánchez X, Whittembury A. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in Ecuador: A test-negative design. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100404. [PMID: 38033879 PMCID: PMC10684373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant global health threat, characterized by high morbidity, severity, and the emergence of concerning variants. Latin America has been greatly affected, with high infection and mortality rates. Vaccination plays a crucial role in mitigating severe disease and controlling the pandemic. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in hospitalized vaccination target groups in Ecuador. Methods This is a test-negative design study. We used data reported through sentinel surveillance of SARI between May 2021 and March 2022 in Ecuador. Patients with case criteria of SARI and hospitalized for a minimum of 24 hours were included in the study. Cases were defined as patients with SARI with a positive RT-qPCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and controls were those with a negative result. Information on vaccination status was obtained from the national vaccination registry, a valid dose of vaccination was considered when it was administered at least 14 days prior to symptom onset. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) (1-OR/OR) was calculated using a logistic regression. Results A total of 1,277 patients were included in the analysis of VE. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) in preventing hospitalization, adjusted for sex, age group, presence of one or more comorbidities, and period of the predominance of the omicron variant, was 44.5% for the partial primary schedule, 74.7% for the complete primary schedule, and 79.9% for the complete primary schedule plus booster doses. The aVE in avoiding ICU admissions was close to 80% with both the complete primary schedule and the booster doses, and in avoiding deaths, the aVE was 89% and 98%, respectively. Conclusions In Ecuador, COVID-19 vaccination prevents hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths. The effectiveness of the vaccines improves with more doses, offering increased protection across all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pérez-Tasigchana
- Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, Ecuador
- Subsecretaría Nacional de Vigilancia, Prevención y Control de la Salud
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Ecuador
| | | | - Maribel Arias-Quispe
- Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, Ecuador
- Dirección Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica
| | - Lucía Astudillo
- Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, Ecuador
- Dirección Nacional de Inmunizaciones
| | - Alfredo Bruno
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública-INSPI, Ecuador
- Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Ecuador
| | - Marco Herrera G.
- Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud
- Universidad Internacional del Ecuador (UIDE), Ecuador
| | - Rubén Armas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública-INSPI, Ecuador
- Universidad Espíritu Santo (UEES), Ecuador
| | - Doménica de Mora
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública-INSPI, Ecuador
| | - Jackeline Pinos
- Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud
| | - Alfredo Olmedo
- Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud
| | - Ronald Salas
- Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud
| | - Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Ecuador
| | - Carlos Chiluisa
- Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, Ecuador
- Dirección Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica
- Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES), Ecuador
| | - Pablo Acosta
- Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, Ecuador
- Dirección Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica
| | - Xavier Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Ecuador
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27
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Foster AA, Walls TA, Alade KH, Brown K, Gausche‐Hill M, Lin SD, Rose EA, Ruttan T, Shahid S, Sorrentino A, Stoner MJ, Waseem M, Saidinejad M. Review of pediatric emergency care and the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2023; 4:e13073. [PMID: 38045015 PMCID: PMC10691296 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed new challenges in health care delivery for patients of all ages. These included inadequate personal protective equipment, workforce shortages, and unknowns related to a novel virus. Children have been uniquely impacted by COVID-19, both from the system of care and socially. In the initial surges of COVID-19, a decrease in pediatric emergency department (ED) volume and a concomitant increase in critically ill adult patients resulted in re-deployment of pediatric workforce to care for adult patients. Later in the pandemic, a surge in the number of critically ill children was attributed to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. This was an unexpected complication of COVID-19 and further challenged the health care system. This article reviews the impact of COVID-19 on the entire pediatric emergency care continuum, factors affecting ED care of children with COVID-19 infection, including availability of vaccines and therapeutics approved for children, and pediatric emergency medicine workforce innovations and/or strategies. Furthermore, it provides guidance to emergency preparedness for optimal delivery of care in future health-related crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. Foster
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theresa A. Walls
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kiyetta H. Alade
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of PediatricsTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Kathleen Brown
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of PediatricsChildren's National HospitalWashington, DCUSA
| | - Marianne Gausche‐Hill
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐University of California Los Angeles Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsHarbor‐University of California Los Angeles Medical CenterLos AngelesUSA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophia D. Lin
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and PediatricsWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Emily A. Rose
- Department of Emergency MedicineLos Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Timothy Ruttan
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical SchoolThe University of Texas at AustinUS Acute Care SolutionsCantonOhioUSA
| | - Sam Shahid
- Department of Clinical AffairsAmerican College of Emergency PhysiciansIrvingTexasUSA
| | - Annalise Sorrentino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Michael J Stoner
- Division of Emergency MedicineDepartment of PediatricsNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Division of Emergency MedicineLincoln Medical CenterBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Mohsen Saidinejad
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐University of California Los Angeles Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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28
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Lee B, Song H, Apio C, Han K, Park J, Liu Z, Xuwen H, Park T. An analysis of the waning effect of COVID-19 vaccinations. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e50. [PMID: 38224717 PMCID: PMC10788359 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine development is one of the key efforts to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it has become apparent that the immunity acquired through vaccination is not permanent, known as the waning effect. Therefore, monitoring the proportion of the population with immunity is essential to improve the forecasting of future waves of the pandemic. Despite this, the impact of the waning effect on forecasting accuracies has not been extensively studied. We proposed a method for the estimation of the effective immunity (EI) rate which represents the waning effect by integrating the second and booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines. The EI rate, with different periods to the onset of the waning effect, was incorporated into three statistical models and two machine learning models. Stringency Index, omicron variant BA.5 rate (BA.5 rate), booster shot rate (BSR), and the EI rate were used as covariates and the best covariate combination was selected using prediction error. Among the prediction results, Generalized Additive Model showed the best improvement (decreasing 86% test error) with the EI rate. Furthermore, we confirmed that South Korea's decision to recommend booster shots after 90 days is reasonable since the waning effect onsets 90 days after the last dose of vaccine which improves the prediction of confirmed cases and deaths. Substituting BSR with EI rate in statistical models not only results in better predictions but also makes it possible to forecast a potential wave and help the local community react proactively to a rapid increase in confirmed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogyeom Lee
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hanbyul Song
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Catherine Apio
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyulhee Han
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Zhe Liu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hu Xuwen
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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29
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Kumar S, Delipan R, Chakraborty D, Kanjo K, Singh R, Singh N, Siddiqui S, Tyagi A, Jha V, Thakur KG, Pandey R, Varadarajan R, Ringe RP. Mutations in S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike strongly influence its conformation, fusogenicity, and neutralization sensitivity. J Virol 2023; 97:e0092223. [PMID: 37861334 PMCID: PMC10688319 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00922-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Omicron subvariants have substantially evaded host-neutralizing antibodies and adopted an endosomal route of entry. The virus has acquired several mutations in the receptor binding domain and N-terminal domain of S1 subunit, but remarkably, also incorporated mutations in S2 which are fixed in Omicron sub-lineage. Here, we found that the mutations in the S2 subunit affect the structural and biological properties such as neutralization escape, entry route, fusogenicity, and protease requirement. In vivo, these mutations may have significant roles in tropism and replication. A detailed understanding of the effects of S2 mutations on Spike function, immune evasion, and viral entry would inform the vaccine design, as well as therapeutic interventions aiming to block the essential proteases for virus entry. Thus, our study has identified the crucial role of S2 mutations in stabilizing the Omicron spike and modulating neutralization resistance to antibodies targeting the S1 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rathina Delipan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Kawkab Kanjo
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Nittu Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Samreen Siddiqui
- Max Super Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), Max Healthcare, Delhi, India
| | - Akansha Tyagi
- Max Super Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), Max Healthcare, Delhi, India
| | - Vinitaa Jha
- Max Super Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), Max Healthcare, Delhi, India
| | - Krishan G. Thakur
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajesh P. Ringe
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
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da Penha Gomes Gouvea M, Lira Machado KLL, de Oliveira YGP, Moulaz IR, Henriques AG, Gouveia TM, Thompson BP, Lança KEM, de Souza Ramos S, Lacerda GCC, Lenzi JPG, de Castro Pimentel F, Miossi JPM, Rassele ML, Camacho LAB, Villela DAM, de Lima SMB, de Souza Azevedo A, Horbach IS, de Araújo MF, Tort LFL, de Oliveira ACA, Siqueira MM, Garcia CC, da Costa-Rocha IA, Campi-Azevedo AC, Peruhype-Magalhães V, da Silva VG, Miyamoto ST, Dos Santos Fantoni RN, Pinto-Neto LF, Magda Domingues C, de Medeiros Junior NF, Burian AP, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Mota LMH, Mill JG, Martins-Filho OA, Valim V. Timeline kinetics of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 upon primary vaccination and humoral response to variants after booster dose. Vaccine 2023; 41:6514-6528. [PMID: 37661534 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
New variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged, imposing the need for periodic booster doses. However, whether booster doses should be applied to the entire population or groups, and the booster doses interval, remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated humoral reactivity kinetics from before the first dose to 180 days after the third booster dose in different schedules in a well-controlled health worker cohort. Among the 2,506 employees, the first 500 vaccinated health workers were invited to participate. The third booster dose was administered 8 months after the first dose. Among the invited participants, 470 were included in the study; 258 received inactivated vaccine CoronaVac (VAC group) and 212 received viral vector vaccine ChAdOx1 (AZV group). The groups were homogeneous in terms of age and sex. 347 participants were followed up after the booster dose with AZV or BNT162b2 (Pfizer, BNT group): 63 with VAC/AZV, 117 with VAC/BNT, 72 with the AZV/AZV and 95 with AZV/BNT schedules. Blood samples were collected immediately before, 28 days after each dose and 180 days after the primary vaccination and booster dose. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured by chemiluminescence and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Plasma immune mediators were quantified using a multiplex immunoassay. Geometric mean of antibodies increased 28 days after the second dose with 100 % seroconversion rate in both groups and decreased 180 days after the first dose. In the baseline-seropositive VAC group, the levels of plasma immune mediators increased after the second dose. Booster dose was applied at 4-6 months after the primary vaccination. Heterologous booster in VAC or AZV primary vaccinees were effective maintaining the titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies even after 6 months of follow-up. The heterologous schedule induced higher and stable antibody reactivity, even after 180 days, protecting to ancestral (Wuhan), Delta, and Omicron variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Penha Gomes Gouvea
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ketty Lysie Libardi Lira Machado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Gurtler Pinheiro de Oliveira
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Isac Ribeiro Moulaz
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Allan Gonçalves Henriques
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Thayná Martins Gouveia
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Paoli Thompson
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Karen Evelin Monlevade Lança
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Sabrina de Souza Ramos
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - João Pedro Gonçalves Lenzi
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Castro Pimentel
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Moraes Miossi
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Matheus Leite Rassele
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica (LATEV), Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Souza Azevedo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica (LATEV), Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Siciliano Horbach
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica (LATEV), Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mia Ferreira de Araújo
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais (LVRE), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Lopez Tort
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais (LVRE), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Any Caroline Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais (LVRE), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marilda Mendonça Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais (LVRE), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Couto Garcia
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais (LVRE), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vanézia Gonçalves da Silva
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Samira Tatiyama Miyamoto
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla Magda Domingues
- External Consultant, Temporary Consulting of the Pan American Health Organization, Brazil
| | - Nésio Fernandes de Medeiros Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Burian
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Geraldo Mill
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Valim
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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Almomani EY, Hajjo R, Qablan A, Sabbah DA, Al-Momany A. A cross-sectional study confirms temporary post-COVID-19 vaccine menstrual irregularity and the associated physiological changes among vaccinated women in Jordan. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1211283. [PMID: 37869161 PMCID: PMC10587412 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1211283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccines continue to save people's lives around the world; however, some vaccine adverse events have been a major concern which slowed down vaccination campaigns. Anecdotal evidence pointed to the vaccine effect on menstruation but evidence from the adverse event reporting systems and the biomedical literature was lacking. This study aimed to investigate the physiological changes in women during menstruation amid the COVID-19 vaccination. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to COVID-19 vaccinated women from Nov 2021 to Jan 2022. The results were analyzed using the SPSS software. Results Among the 564 vaccinated women, 52% experienced significant menstrual irregularities post-vaccination compared to before regardless of the vaccine type. The kind of menstrual irregularity varied among the vaccinated women, for example, 33% had earlier menstruation, while 35% reported delayed menstruation. About 31% experienced heavier menstruation, whereas 24% had lighter menstrual flow. About 29% had menstruation last longer, but 13% had it shorter than usual. Noteworthy, the menstrual irregularities were more frequent after the second vaccine shot, and they disappeared within 3 months on average. Interestingly, 24% of the vaccinated women reported these irregularities to their gynecologist. Conclusion The COVID-19 vaccine may cause physiological disturbances during menstruation. Luckily, these irregularities were short-termed and should not be a reason for vaccine hesitancy in women. Further studies are encouraged to unravel the COVID-19 vaccine adverse effect on women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensaf Y. Almomani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Jordan CDC, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Qablan
- Department of Curriculum and Methods of Instruction, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Dima A. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abass Al-Momany
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Hwang JW, Chien SJ, Wang CC, Kuo KC, Tang KS, Lee Y, Chen YC, Lo MH, Lee IK, Chuah SK, Lee CT, Kung CT, Wang LJ. Perception and Mental Health Status Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination Among Taiwanese Adolescents and Their Caregivers. Adolesc Health Med Ther 2023; 14:195-204. [PMID: 37822558 PMCID: PMC10562508 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s429238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccinating adolescents is a vital strategy to enhance population protection without imposing overly restrictive measures on our daily lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. As teenagers gain more independence, their willingness to get vaccinated may depend on their own understanding of the pandemic, vaccines, and mental well-being, as well as that of their caregivers. Our study aimed to examine how Taiwanese adolescents and their caregivers perceive COVID-19 vaccination and assess their mental health status. Methods We invited a total of 138 vaccinated adolescents and their caregivers to complete several questionnaires, including the Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale (DrVac-COVID19S), Impact of Event Scale (IES), and Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Results Among the adolescents, 76.8% considered the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) as the ideal option for COVID-19 vaccination, while 27.5% of caregivers expressed acceptance of any available vaccine. Adolescents scored higher than caregivers in terms of vaccine value (p<0.001) and autonomy (p<0.001), but lower in knowledge (p<0.001), as assessed by the DrVac-COVID19S subscales. The adolescents' intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 (DrVac-COVID19S total score) showed a positive correlation with their perception of the pandemic's impact (IES scores, r=0.214, p=0.012) and their caregivers' vaccination intention (r=0.371, p<0.001). Furthermore, adolescents' mental health demonstrated a positive association with the mental health of their caregiver (CHQ total scores, r=0.481, p<0.001). Conclusion During the COVID-19 outbreak, caregivers have encountered heightened levels of mental stress, and this stress has been found to be positively correlated with the mental stress experienced by adolescents and their intentions regarding vaccination. These findings can serve as crucial references for healthcare providers and governments when formulating vaccination policies for adolescents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Winjei Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Shao Ju Chien
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Che Kuo
- Division of Pediatric Infection, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shu Tang
- Division of Pediatric Emergency, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hung Lo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Kit Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Seng-Kee Chuah
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- Department of Emergency, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
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Mudenda S, Meyer JC, Fadare JO, Ogunleye OO, Saleem Z, Matafwali SK, Daka V, Chabalenge B, Chama J, Mukosha M, Skosana P, Witika BA, Kalungia AC, Hamachila A, Mufwambi W, Godman B. COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among adolescents and youths: Findings and implications for future vaccination programmes. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002385. [PMID: 37729153 PMCID: PMC10511127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents and youths are a key part of the population that needs to be protected against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is because they are more likely to spread the virus to vulnerable individuals. In view of these concerns, this study investigated the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors among adolescents and youths attending secondary schools in Zambia. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1500 school-going adolescents in Lusaka from September 2022 to November 2022. Overall, 1409 participants took part giving a response rate of 94%. Only 29.2% (n = 411) of the participants were vaccinated against COVID-19 at the time of the study. Compared to their unvaccinated counterparts, vaccinated adolescents and youths scored higher for knowledge (66.2% vs 57.8%) and attitudes (76.7% vs 39.4%) regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Healthcare workers, family/friends and social media were key sources of information regarding the vaccine. Factors associated with increased vaccine uptake were positive attitudes (AOR = 33.62, 95% CI: 19.92-56.73), indicating it was stressful to follow COVID-19 preventive measures (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.99), participants in Grade 12 (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.94-5.91), Grade 11 (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.94-5.91), Grade 10 (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI: 1.98-6.11) and Grade 9 (AOR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.74-5.32) compared to Grade 8. This study found a relatively low uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among adolescents and youths in Zambia. There is a need to provide adequate strategies to address knowledge and attitude gaps regarding COVID-19 vaccines to improve uptake and reduce future morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O. Ogunleye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Zikria Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Scott K. Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jacob Chama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- HIV and Women’s Health Research Group, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Phumzile Skosana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Aubrey C. Kalungia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Audrey Hamachila
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Webrod Mufwambi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Pakotiprapha D, Kuhaudomlarp S, Tinikul R, Chanarat S. Bridging the Gap: Can COVID-19 Research Help Combat African Swine Fever? Viruses 2023; 15:1925. [PMID: 37766331 PMCID: PMC10536364 DOI: 10.3390/v15091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Despite being harmless to humans, ASF poses significant challenges to the swine industry, due to sudden losses and trade restrictions. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred an unparalleled global research effort, yielding remarkable advancements across scientific disciplines. In this review, we explore the potential technological spillover from COVID-19 research into ASF. Specifically, we assess the applicability of the diagnostic tools, vaccine development strategies, and biosecurity measures developed for COVID-19 for combating ASF. Additionally, we discuss the lessons learned from the pandemic in terms of surveillance systems and their implications for managing ASF. By bridging the gap between COVID-19 and ASF research, we highlight the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration and technological spillovers in the battle against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sittinan Chanarat
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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35
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Leung NHL, Cheng SMS, Cohen CA, Martín-Sánchez M, Au NYM, Luk LLH, Tsang LCH, Kwan KKH, Chaothai S, Fung LWC, Cheung AWL, Chan KCK, Li JKC, Ng YY, Kaewpreedee P, Jia JZ, Ip DKM, Poon LLM, Leung GM, Peiris JSM, Valkenburg SA, Cowling BJ. Comparative antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, reactogenicity, and efficacy of homologous and heterologous boosting with CoronaVac and BNT162b2 (Cobovax): an open-label, randomised trial. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e670-e682. [PMID: 37549680 PMCID: PMC10528748 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few trials have compared homologous and heterologous third doses of COVID-19 vaccination with inactivated vaccines and mRNA vaccines. The aim of this study was to assess immune responses, safety, and efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection following homologous or heterologous third-dose COVID-19 vaccination with either one dose of CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech; inactivated vaccine) or BNT162b2 (Fosun Pharma-BioNTech; mRNA vaccine). METHODS This is an ongoing, randomised, allocation-concealed, open-label, comparator-controlled trial in adults aged 18 years or older enrolled from the community in Hong Kong, who had received two doses of CoronaVac or BNT162b2 at least 6 months earlier. Participants were randomly assigned, using a computer-generated sequence, in a 1:1 ratio with allocation concealment to receive a (third) dose of CoronaVac or BNT162b2 (ancestral virus strain), stratified by types of previous COVID-19 vaccination (homologous two doses of CoronaVac or BNT162b2). Participants were unmasked to group allocation after vaccination. The primary endpoint was serum neutralising antibodies against the ancestral virus at day 28 after vaccination in each group, measured as plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT50) geometric mean titre (GMT). Surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT) mean inhibition percentage and PRNT50 titres against omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants were also measured. Secondary endpoints included geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) in antibody titres; incidence of solicited local and systemic adverse events; IFNγ+ CD4+ and IFNγ+ CD8+ T-cell responses at days 7 and 28; and incidence of COVID-19. Within-group comparisons of boost in immunogenicity from baseline and between-group comparisons were done according to intervention received (ie, per protocol) by paired and unpaired t test, respectively, and cumulative incidence of infection was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and a proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratio. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05057169. FINDINGS We enrolled participants from Nov 12, 2021, to Jan 27, 2022. We vaccinated 219 participants who previously received two doses of CoronaVac, including 101 randomly assigned to receive CoronaVac (CC-C) and 118 randomly assigned to receive BNT162b2 (CC-B) as their third dose; and 232 participants who previously received two doses of BNT162b2, including 118 randomly assigned to receive CoronaVac (BB-C) and 114 randomly assigned to receive BNT162b2 (BB-B) as their third dose. The PRNT50 GMTs on day 28 against ancestral virus were 109, 905, 92, and 816; against omicron BA.1 were 9, 75, 8, and 86; and against omicron BA.2 were 6, 80, 6, and 67 in the CC-C, CC-B, BB-C, and BB-B groups, respectively. Mean sVNT inhibition percentages on day 28 against ancestral virus were 83%, 96%, 87%, and 96%; against omicron BA.1 were 15%, 58%, 19%, and 69%; and against omicron BA.2 were 43%, 85%, 50%, and 90%, in the CC-C, CC-B, BB-C, and BB-B groups, respectively. Participants who had previously received two doses of CoronaVac and a BNT162b2 third dose had a GMFR of 12 (p<0·0001) compared with those who received a CoronaVac third dose; similarly, those who had received two doses of BNT162b2 and a BNT162b2 third dose had a GMFR of 8 (p<0·0001). No differences in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were observed between groups. We did not identify any vaccination-related hospitalisation within 1 month after vaccination. We identified 58 infections when omicron BA.2 was predominantly circulating, with cumulative incidence of 15·3% and 15·4% in the CC-C and CC-B groups, respectively (p=0·93), and 16·7% and 14·0% in the BB-C and BB-B groups, respectively (p=0·56). INTERPRETATION Similar levels of incidence of, presumably, omicron BA.2 infections were observed in each group despite very weak antibody responses to BA.2 in the recipients of a CoronaVac third dose. Further research is warranted to identify appropriate correlates of protection for inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. FUNDING Health and Medical Research Fund, Hong Kong. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H L Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Samuel M S Cheng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Carolyn A Cohen
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Mario Martín-Sánchez
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Niki Y M Au
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Leo L H Luk
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Leo C H Tsang
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin K H Kwan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sara Chaothai
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lison W C Fung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Alan W L Cheung
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Karl C K Chan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - John K C Li
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yvonne Y Ng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Prathanporn Kaewpreedee
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Janice Z Jia
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dennis K M Ip
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Gabriel M Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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van de Burgwal L, van der Valk T, Kempter H, Gadau M, Stubbs D, Boon W. An elephant in the glasshouse? Trade-offs between acceleration and transformation in COVID-19 vaccine innovation policies. ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 2023; 48:100736. [PMID: 37250374 PMCID: PMC10208527 DOI: 10.1016/j.eist.2023.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of a failing vaccine innovation system, innovation policy aimed at creating a COVID-19 vaccine was surprisingly fast and effective. This paper analyzes the influence of the COVID-19 landscape shock and corresponding innovation policy responses on the existing vaccine innovation system. We use document analysis and expert interviews, performed during vaccine development. We find that the sharing of responsibility between public and private actors on various geographical levels, and the focus on accelerating changes in the innovation system were instrumental in achieving fast results. Simultaneously, the acceleration exacerbated existing societal innovation barriers, such as vaccine hesitancy, health inequity, and contested privatization of earnings. Going forward, these innovation barriers may limit the legitimacy of the vaccine innovation system and reduce pandemic preparedness. Next to a focus on acceleration, transformative innovation policies for achieving sustainable pandemic preparedness are still urgently needed. Implications for mission-oriented innovation policy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van de Burgwal
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Valk
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
- Raymond James Corporate Finance, Health Care, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes Kempter
- Raymond James Corporate Finance, Health Care, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Gadau
- Raymond James Corporate Finance, Health Care, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Stubbs
- Raymond James Corporate Finance, Health Care, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wouter Boon
- Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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37
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Fauci AS, Folkers GK. Pandemic Preparedness and Response: Lessons From COVID-19. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:422-425. [PMID: 37035891 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The global experience with COVID-19 holds important lessons for preparing for, and responding to, future emergences of pathogens with pandemic potential.
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Takemoto Y, Tanimine N, Yoshinaka H, Tanaka Y, Takafuta T, Sugiyama A, Tanaka J, Ohdan H. Multi-phasic gene profiling using candidate gene approach predict the capacity of specific antibody production and maintenance following COVID-19 vaccination in Japanese population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217206. [PMID: 37564647 PMCID: PMC10411726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 is highly effective in preventing infection and reducing the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, acquired humoral immunity wanes within six months. Focusing on the different tempo of acquisition and attenuation of specific antibody titers in individuals, we investigated the impact of genetic polymorphisms on antibody production after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods In total 236 healthcare workers from a Japanese municipal hospital, who received two doses of the vaccine were recruited. We employed a candidate gene approach to identify the target genetic polymorphisms affecting antibody production after vaccination. DNA samples from the study populations were genotyped for 33 polymorphisms in 15 distinct candidate genes encoding proteins involved in antigen-presenting cell activation, T cell activation, T-B interaction, and B cell survival. We measured total anti-SARS-Cov2 spike IgG antibody titers and analyzed the association with genetic polymorphisms at several time points after vaccination using an unbiased statistical method, and stepwise logistic regression following multivariate regression. Results Significant associations were observed between seven SNPs in NLRP3, OAS1, IL12B, CTLA4, and IL4, and antibody titers at 3 weeks after the first vaccination as an initial response. Six SNPs in NLRP3, TNF, OAS1, IL12B, and CTLA4 were associated with high responders with serum antibody titer > 4000 BAU/ml as boosting effect at 3 weeks after the second vaccination. Analysis of long-term maintenance showed the significance of the three SNPs in IL12B, IL7R, and MIF for the maintenance of antibody titers and that in BAFF for attenuation of neutralizing antibodies. Finally, we proposed a predictive model composed of gene profiles to identify the individuals with rapid antibody attenuation by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (area under the curve (AUC)= 0.76, sensitivity = 82.5%, specificity=67.8%). Conclusions The candidate gene approach successfully showed shifting responsible gene profiles and initial and boosting effect mainly related to the priming phase into antibody maintenance including B cell survival, which traces the phase of immune reactions. These gene profiles provide valuable information for further investigation of humoral immunity against COVID-19 and for building a strategy for personalized vaccine schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takemoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Yoshinaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takafuta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Castellanos MM, Gressard H, Li X, Magagnoli C, Moriconi A, Stranges D, Strodiot L, Tello Soto M, Zwierzyna M, Campa C. CMC Strategies and Advanced Technologies for Vaccine Development to Boost Acceleration and Pandemic Preparedness. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1153. [PMID: 37514969 PMCID: PMC10386492 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review reports on an overview of key enablers of acceleration/pandemic and preparedness, covering CMC strategies as well as technical innovations in vaccine development. Considerations are shared on implementation hurdles and opportunities to drive sustained acceleration for vaccine development and considers learnings from the COVID pandemic and direct experience in addressing unmet medical needs. These reflections focus on (i) the importance of a cross-disciplinary framework of technical expectations ranging from target antigen identification to launch and life-cycle management; (ii) the use of prior platform knowledge across similar or products/vaccine types; (iii) the implementation of innovation and digital tools for fast development and innovative control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monica Castellanos
- Drug Product Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Hervé Gressard
- Project & Digital Sciences, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Xiangming Li
- Drug Substance Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Claudia Magagnoli
- Analytical Research & Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessio Moriconi
- Drug Product Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Stranges
- Drug Product Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laurent Strodiot
- Drug Product Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Monica Tello Soto
- Drug Substance Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Zwierzyna
- Project & Digital Sciences, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Campa
- Vaccines Global Technical R&D, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Ruiz-Fernández C, Cuesta R, Martín-López S, Guijarro J, López Gómez de Las Huertas A, Urroz M, Miguel-Berenguel L, González-Muñoz M, Ramírez E. Immune-Mediated Organ-Specific Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines: A Retrospective Descriptive Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050720. [PMID: 37242502 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 caused the global COVID-19 pandemic and public health crisis, and it led to the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines, which can cause rare and typically mild hypersensitivity reactions (HRs). Delayed HRs to COVID-19 vaccines have been reported, and the excipients polyethylene glycol (PEG)2000 and polysorbate 80 (P80) are the suspected culprits. Skin patch tests do not help in diagnosing delayed reactions. We aimed to perform lymphocyte transformation tests (LTT) with PEG2000 and P80 in 23 patients with suspected delayed HRs. Neurological reactions (n = 10) and myopericarditis reactions (n = 6) were the most frequent complications. Seventy-eight percent (18/23) of the study patients were admitted to a hospital ward, and the median time to discharge was 5.5 (IQR, 3-8) days. Some 73.9% of the patients returned to baseline condition after 25 (IQR, 3-80) days. LTT was positive in 8/23 patients (5/10 neurological reactions, 2/4 hepatitis reactions and 1/2 rheumatologic reactions). All myopericarditis cases had a negative LTT. These preliminary results indicate that LTT with PEGs and polysorbates is a useful tool for identifying excipients as causal agents in HRs to COVID-19 vaccines and can play an important role in risk stratification in patients with HRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Cuesta
- Immunology Department, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Martín-López
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Guijarro
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo López Gómez de Las Huertas
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Urroz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Ramírez
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPAZ, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Yu X, Yu C, Wu X, Cui Y, Liu X, Jin Y, Li Y, Wang L. Validation of an HPLC-CAD Method for Determination of Lipid Content in LNP-Encapsulated COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050937. [PMID: 37243041 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely used as delivery systems for mRNA vaccines. The stability and bilayer fluidity of LNPs are determined by the properties and contents of the various lipids used in the formulation system, and the delivery efficiency of LNPs largely depends on the lipid composition. For the quality control of such vaccines, here we developed and validated an HPLC-CAD method to identify and determine the contents of four lipids in an LNP-encapsulated COVID-19 mRNA vaccine to support lipid analysis for the development of new drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Chuanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Xiaoda Liu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
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de Castro Poncio L, Apolinário dos Anjos F, de Oliveira DA, de Oliveira da Rosa A, Piraccini Silva B, Rebechi D, Pedrosa JM, da Costa Franciscato DA, de Souza C, Paldi N. Prevention of a dengue outbreak via the large-scale deployment of Sterile Insect Technology in a Brazilian city: a prospective study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 21:100498. [PMID: 37187486 PMCID: PMC10176055 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Dengue is a global problem that seems to be worsening, as hyper-urbanization associated with climate change has led to a significant increase in the abundance and geographical spread of its principal vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Currently available solutions have not been able to stop the spread of dengue which shows the urgent need to implement alternative technologies as practical solutions. In a previous pilot trial, we demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the method 'Natural Vector Control' (NVC) in suppressing the Ae. aegypti vector population and in blocking the occurrence of an outbreak of dengue in the treated areas. Here, we expand the use of the NVC program in a large-scale 20 months intervention period in an entire city in southern Brazil. Methods Sterile male mosquitoes were produced from locally sourced Ae. aegypti mosquitoes by using a treatment that includes double-stranded RNA and thiotepa. Weekly massive releases of sterile male mosquitoes were performed in predefined areas of Ortigueira city from November 2020 to July 2022. Mosquito monitoring was performed by using ovitraps during the entire intervention period. Dengue incidence data was obtained from the Brazilian National Disease Surveillance System. Findings During the two epidemiological seasons, the intervention in Ortigueira resulted in up to 98.7% suppression of live progeny of field Ae. aegypti mosquitoes recorded over time. More importantly, when comparing the 2020 and 2022 dengue outbreaks that occurred in the region, the post-intervention dengue incidence in Ortigueira was 97% lower compared to the control cities. Interpretation The NVC method was confirmed to be a safe and efficient way to suppress Ae. aegypti field populations and prevent the occurrence of a dengue outbreak. Importantly, it has been shown to be applicable in large-scale, real-world conditions. Funding This study was funded by Klabin S/A and Forrest Innovations Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Débora Rebechi
- Forrest Brasil Tecnologia Ltda, São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nitzan Paldi
- Forrest Innovations Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
- Corresponding author. Forrest Innovations Ltd, 13 Gad Feinstein Street, Rehovot, Israel.
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Abstract
YouTube is a highly popular social media platform capable of widespread information dissemination about COVID-19 vaccines. The aim of this mini scoping review was to summarize the content, quality, and methodology of studies that analyze YouTube videos related to COVID-19 vaccines. COVIDENCE was used to screen search results based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. PRISMA was used for data organization, and the final list of 9 articles used in the mini review were summarized and synthesized. YouTube videos included in each study, total number of cumulative views, results, and limitations were described. Overall, most of the videos were uploaded by television and internet news media and healthcare professionals. A variety of coding schemas were used in the studies. Videos with misleading, inaccurate, or anti-vaccination sentiment were more often uploaded by consumers. Officials seeking to encourage vaccination may utilize YouTube for widespread reach and to debunk misinformation and disinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Narayanan
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA
| | - Corey H Basch
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA
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Lee Y, Park K, Shin J, Oh J, Jang Y, You M. Factors Affecting the Public Intention to Repeat the COVID-19 Vaccination: Implications for Vaccine Communication. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091235. [PMID: 37174775 PMCID: PMC10178399 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most of the pandemic-related mandatory restrictions have been lifted or eased, vaccination is still recommended as an effective measure to minimize the damage from COVID-19 infection. Since COVID-19 eradication is unlikely, it is necessary to understand the factors affecting the public's vaccination intention when COVID-19 vaccination is continuously recommended. This study aims to explore the factors that affect the intention to repeat the COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea. An online survey was conducted in January 2022 with adults living in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. In a hierarchical logistic regression analysis, sociodemographic factors, COVID-19 infection-related factors, COVID-19 vaccination-related factors, sociocultural factors, and communication factors were taken into account. In this study, more than three-quarters (78.1%) of Koreans were willing to repeat the COVID-19 vaccination. People who had high-risk perceptions, had been vaccinated against COVID-19 at least once, had more authoritarian attitudes, regarded the vaccination as a social responsibility, and had positive attitudes toward health authorities' regular briefings were more likely to repeat the vaccination. In contrast, those who directly or indirectly experienced COVID-19 vaccine side effects and who showed psychological reactance against the government's vaccination recommendation were less likely to repeat the vaccination. Our research indicates that empathetic communication, promotion of the prosocial aspect of vaccination, and regular and transparent provision of vaccine information are essential for promoting the intention to repeat the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhee Park
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Suwon 16508, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Shin
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Oh
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Suwon 16508, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongeun Jang
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Suwon 16508, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungsoon You
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Rabdano SO, Ruzanova EA, Pletyukhina IV, Saveliev NS, Kryshen KL, Katelnikova AE, Beltyukov PP, Fakhretdinova LN, Safi AS, Rudakov GO, Arakelov SA, Andreev IV, Kofiadi IA, Khaitov MR, Valenta R, Kryuchko DS, Berzin IA, Belozerova NS, Evtushenko AE, Truhin VP, Skvortsova VI. Immunogenicity and In Vivo Protective Effects of Recombinant Nucleocapsid-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Convacell ®. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040874. [PMID: 37112786 PMCID: PMC10141225 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines which are licensed or under development focus on the spike (S) protein and its receptor binding domain (RBD). However, the S protein shows considerable sequence variations among variants of concern. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine targeting the highly conserved nucleocapsid (N) protein. Recombinant N protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity by chromatography and characterized by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry. The vaccine, formulated as a squalane-based emulsion, was used to immunize Balb/c mice and NOD SCID gamma (NSG) mice engrafted with human PBMCs, rabbits and marmoset monkeys. Safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine was assessed via ELISA, cytokine titer assays and CFSE dilution assays. The protective effect of the vaccine was studied in SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian hamsters. Immunization induced sustainable N-specific IgG responses and an N-specific mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine response. In marmoset monkeys, an N-specific CD4+/CD8+ T cell response was observed. Vaccinated Syrian hamsters showed reduced lung histopathology, lower virus proliferation, lower lung weight relative to the body, and faster body weight recovery. Convacell® thus is shown to be effective and may augment the existing armamentarium of vaccines against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevastyan O Rabdano
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia
| | - Ellina A Ruzanova
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia
| | - Iuliia V Pletyukhina
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia
| | - Nikita S Saveliev
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia
| | | | | | - Petr P Beltyukov
- Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SRIHOPHE), Kuzmolovsky 188663, Russia
| | - Liliya N Fakhretdinova
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia
| | - Ariana S Safi
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia
| | - German O Rudakov
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia
| | - Sergei A Arakelov
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia
| | - Igor V Andreev
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology (NRCII), Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Ilya A Kofiadi
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology (NRCII), Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow 115522, Russia
- Department of Immunology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Musa R Khaitov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology (NRCII), Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow 115522, Russia
- Department of Immunology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology (NRCII), Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow 115522, Russia
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Daria S Kryuchko
- Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow 125310, Russia
| | - Igor A Berzin
- Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow 125310, Russia
| | - Natalia S Belozerova
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia
| | - Anatoly E Evtushenko
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia
| | - Viktor P Truhin
- Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (SPbSRIVS), St. Petersburg 198320, Russia
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Hersi F, Sebastian A, Tarazi H, Srinivasulu V, Mostafa A, Allayeh AK, Zeng C, Hachim IY, Liu SL, Abu-Yousef IA, Majdalawieh AF, Zaher DM, Omar HA, Al-Tel TH. Discovery of novel papain-like protease inhibitors for potential treatment of COVID-19. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115380. [PMID: 37075625 PMCID: PMC10106510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants creates an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic agents to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks. Among SARS-CoV-2 essential proteases is papain-like protease (SARS-CoV-2 PLpro), which plays multiple roles in regulating SARS-CoV-2 viral spread and innate immunity such as deubiquitinating and deISG15ylating (interferon-induced gene 15) activities. Many studies are currently focused on targeting this protease to tackle SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, we performed a phenotypic screening using an in-house pilot compounds collection possessing a diverse skeleta against SARS-CoV-2 PLpro. This screen identified SIMR3030 as a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2. SIMR3030 has been shown to exhibit deubiquitinating activity and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 specific gene expression (ORF1b and Spike) in infected host cells and possessing virucidal activity. Moreover, SIMR3030 was demonstrated to inhibit the expression of inflammatory markers, including IFN-α, IL-6, and OAS1, which are reported to mediate the development of cytokine storms and aggressive immune responses. In vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) assessment of the drug-likeness properties of SIMR3030 demonstrated good microsomal stability in liver microsomes. Furthermore, SIMR3030 demonstrated very low potency as an inhibitor of CYP450, CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 which rules out any potential drug-drug interactions. In addition, SIMR3030 showed moderate permeability in Caco2-cells. Critically, SIMR3030 has maintained a high in vivo safety profile at different concentrations. Molecular modeling studies of SIMR3030 in the active sites of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV PLpro were performed to shed light on the binding modes of this inhibitor. This study demonstrates that SIMR3030 is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro that forms the foundation for developing new drugs to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutics for a possible future outbreak of new SARS-CoV-2 variants or other Coronavirus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Hersi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anusha Sebastian
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Environment and Climate Change Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdou Kamal Allayeh
- Virology Lab 176, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Cong Zeng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Imad A Abu-Yousef
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amin F Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana M Zaher
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Körber N, Holzmann-Littig C, Wilkens G, Liao BH, Werz ML, Platen L, Cheng CC, Tellenbach M, Kappler V, Lehner V, Mijočević H, Christa C, Assfalg V, Heemann U, Schmaderer C, Protzer U, Braunisch MC, Bauer T, Renders L. Comparable cellular and humoral immunity upon homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens in kidney transplant recipients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172477. [PMID: 37063863 PMCID: PMC10102365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at high risk for a severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); thus, effective vaccination is critical. However, the achievement of protective immunogenicity is hampered by immunosuppressive therapies. We assessed cellular and humoral immunity and breakthrough infection rates in KTRs vaccinated with homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens.MethodWe performed a comparative in-depth analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific T-cell responses using multiplex Fluorospot assays and SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) between three-times homologously (n = 18) and heterologously (n = 8) vaccinated KTRs.ResultsWe detected SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in 100% of KTRs upon third vaccination, with comparable frequencies, T-cell expression profiles, and relative interferon γ and interleukin 2 production per single cell between homologously and heterologously vaccinated KTRs. SARS-CoV-2-specific NAb positivity rates were significantly higher in heterologously (87.5%) compared to homologously vaccinated (50.0%) KTRs (P < 0.0001), whereas the magnitudes of NAb titers were comparable between both subcohorts after third vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections occurred in equal numbers in homologously (38.9%) and heterologously (37.5%) vaccinated KTRs with mild-to-moderate courses of COVID-19.ConclusionOur data support a more comprehensive assessment of not only humoral but also cellular SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in KTRs to provide an in-depth understanding about the COVID-19 vaccine–induced immune response in a transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Körber
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nina Körber,
| | - Christopher Holzmann-Littig
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) Medical Education Center, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gesa Wilkens
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bo-Hung Liao
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Maia L. Werz
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Louise Platen
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Cho-Chin Cheng
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Myriam Tellenbach
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Kappler
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktor Lehner
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Mijočević
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina Christa
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Assfalg
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Heemann
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmaderer
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias C. Braunisch
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lutz Renders
- Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
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48
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Harne R, Williams B, Abdelaal HFM, Baldwin SL, Coler RN. SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune responses. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:245-276. [PMID: 37091818 PMCID: PMC10113164 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to be an enormous global challenge faced by the healthcare sector. Availability of new vaccines and drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 and sequelae of COVID-19 has given the world hope in ending the pandemic. However, the emergence of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome every couple of months in different parts of world is a persistent danger to public health. Currently there is no single treatment to eradicate the risk of COVID-19. The widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to the Omicron variant necessitates continued work on the development and implementation of effective vaccines. Moreover, there is evidence that mutations in the receptor domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein led to the decrease in current vaccine efficacy by escaping antibody recognition. Therefore, it is essential to actively identify the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 evades the host immune system, study the long-lasting effects of COVID-19 and develop therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans and preclinical models. In this review, we describe the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the innate and adaptive host immune responses to infection. We address the ongoing need to develop effective vaccines that provide protection against different variants of SARS-CoV-2, as well as validated endpoint assays to evaluate the immunogenicity of vaccines in the pipeline, medications, anti-viral drug therapies and public health measures, that will be required to successfully end the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Harne
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brittany Williams
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hazem F. M. Abdelaal
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Mozambique: The role of institutional trust. Vaccine 2023; 41:2846-2852. [PMID: 37003911 PMCID: PMC10040345 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Vaccination plays an imperative role in protecting public health and preventing avoidable mortality. Yet, the reasons for vaccine hesitancy in African countries are not well understood. This study investigates the factors associated with the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in Mozambique, with a focus on the role of institutional trust. Methods The data came from the three waves of the COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) survey which followed a cohort of 1,371 adults in Mozambique over six months (N=3,809). We examined vaccine acceptance based on three measurements: willingness to take vaccine, perceived vaccine efficacy, and perceived vaccine safety. We conducted multilevel regression analysis to investigate the trajectories of, and the association between institutional trust and vaccine acceptance. Results One third of the survey participants (37%) would definitely take the vaccine. Meanwhile, 31% believed the vaccine would prevent the COVID-19 infection, and 27% believed the vaccine would be safe. There was a significant decrease in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance between waves 1 and 3 of the survey. Institutional trust was consistently and strongly correlated with different measures of vaccine acceptance. There was a greater decline in vaccine acceptance in people with lower institutional trust. The positive correlation between institutional trust and vaccine acceptance was stronger in younger than older adults. Vaccine acceptance also varied by gender and marital status. Conclusions Vaccine acceptance can be volatile even over short periods of time. Institutional trust is a central driver of vaccine acceptance and contributes to the resilience of the health system. Our study highlights the importance of health communication and building a trustful relationship between the general public and the institutions in the context of a global pandemic.
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50
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de Sousa Neto AR, de Carvalho ARB, Ferreira da Silva MD, Rêgo Neta MM, Sena IVDO, Almeida RN, Filha FSSC, Lima e Silva LL, da Costa GR, Lira IMDS, Portela DMMC, Oliveira e Silva AT, Rabêlo CBDM, Valle ARMDC, Moura MEB, de Freitas DRJ. Bibliometric Analysis of Global Scientific Production on COVID-19 and Vaccines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4796. [PMID: 36981704 PMCID: PMC10049169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This bibliometric analysis aims to analyze the global scientific production of COVID-19 and vaccines. First, a search for scientific articles was performed using the advanced query in the Web of Science™ database, more precisely in its core collection, on 18 February 2023. Data from 7754 articles were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R package and the Biblioshiny application. The evaluated articles were published mainly in 2022 (60%). The scientific journals that published the most about COVID-19 and vaccines were "Vaccines", "Vaccine" and "Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics". The University of Oxford was the most productive institution, with the authors of the articles mainly originating from the United States, China and the United Kingdom. The United States, despite having carried out the most significant number of collaborations, published mainly with local researchers. The 15 most cited articles and the KeyWords Plus™ evidenced the focus of the published articles on the safety and efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19, as well as on the evaluation of vaccine acceptance, more specifically on vaccine hesitancy. Research funding came primarily from US government agencies.
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