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Thierry GR, Baudon EM, Bijnen M, Bellomo A, Lagueyrie M, Mondor I, Simonnet L, Carrette F, Fenouil R, Keshvari S, Hume DA, Dombrowicz D, Bajenoff M. Non-classical monocytes scavenge the growth factor CSF1 from endothelial cells in the peripheral vascular tree to ensure survival and homeostasis. Immunity 2024:S1074-7613(24)00354-6. [PMID: 39089257 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Unlike sessile macrophages that occupy specialized tissue niches, non-classical monocytes (NCMs)-circulating phagocytes that patrol and cleanse the luminal surface of the vascular tree-are characterized by constant movement. Here, we examined the nature of the NCM's nurturing niche. Expression of the growth factor CSF1 on endothelial cells was required for survival of NCMs in the bloodstream. Lack of endothelial-derived CSF1 did not affect blood CSF1 concentration, suggesting that NCMs rely on scavenging CSF1 present on endothelial cells. Deletion of the transmembrane chemokine and adhesion factor CX3CL1 on endothelial cells impaired NCM survival. Mechanistically, endothelial-derived CX3CL1 and integrin subunit alpha L (ITGAL) facilitated the uptake of CSF1 by NCMs. CSF1 was produced by all tissular endothelial cells, and deletion of Csf1 in all endothelial cells except bone marrow sinusoids impaired NCM survival, arguing for a model where the full vascular tree acts as a niche for NCMs and where survival and patrolling function are connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem R Thierry
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Elisa M Baudon
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Mitchell Bijnen
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Alicia Bellomo
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marine Lagueyrie
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Mondor
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Louise Simonnet
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Florent Carrette
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Romain Fenouil
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France.
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2
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Guak H, Weiland M, Ark AV, Zhai L, Lau K, Corrado M, Davidson P, Asiedu E, Mabvakure B, Compton S, DeCamp L, Scullion CA, Jones RG, Nowinski SM, Krawczyk CM. Transcriptional programming mediated by the histone demethylase KDM5C regulates dendritic cell population heterogeneity and function. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114506. [PMID: 39052479 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of dendritic cells (DCs) play crucial roles in facilitating the development of diverse immune responses essential for host protection. Here, we report that KDM5C, a histone lysine demethylase, regulates conventional or classical DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) population heterogeneity and function. Mice deficient in KDM5C in DCs have increased proportions of cDC2Bs and cDC1s, which is partly dependent on type I interferon (IFN) and pDCs. Loss of KDM5C results in an increase in Ly6C- pDCs, which, compared to Ly6C+ pDCs, have limited ability to produce type I IFN and more efficiently stimulate antigen-specific CD8 T cells. KDM5C-deficient DCs have increased expression of inflammatory genes, altered expression of lineage-specific genes, and decreased function. In response to Listeria infection, KDM5C-deficient mice mount reduced CD8 T cell responses due to decreased antigen presentation by cDC1s. Thus, KDM5C is a key regulator of DC heterogeneity and critical driver of the functional properties of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Guak
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Weiland
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Alexandra Vander Ark
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Lukai Zhai
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Kin Lau
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mario Corrado
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Paula Davidson
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ebenezer Asiedu
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Batsirai Mabvakure
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shelby Compton
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Lisa DeCamp
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Catherine A Scullion
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Experimental Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Russell G Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Sara M Nowinski
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Connie M Krawczyk
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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3
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Carrier M, Robert MÈ, St-Pierre MK, Ibáñez FG, Gonçalves de Andrade E, Laroche A, Picard K, Vecchiarelli HA, Savage JC, Boilard É, Desjardins M, Tremblay MÈ. Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells transiently colonize the brain during postnatal development and interact with glutamatergic synapses. iScience 2024; 27:110037. [PMID: 39021809 PMCID: PMC11253522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the roles of embryonic yolk sac-derived, resident microglia in neurodevelopment were extensively studied, the possible involvement of bone marrow-derived cells remains elusive. In this work, we used a fate-mapping strategy to selectively label bone marrow-derived cells and their progeny in the brain (FLT3+IBA1+). FLT3+IBA1+ cells were confirmed to be transiently present in the healthy brain during early postnatal development. FLT3+IBA1+ cells have a distinct morphology index at postnatal day(P)0, P7, and P14 compared with neighboring microglia. FLT3+IBA1+ cells also express the microglial markers P2RY12 and TMEM119 and interact with VGLUT1 synapses at P14. Scanning electron microscopy indeed showed that FLT3+ cells contact and engulf pre-synaptic elements. Our findings suggest FLT3+IBA1+ cells might assist microglia in their physiological functions in the developing brain including synaptic pruning which is performed using their purinergic sensors. Our findings stimulate further investigation on the involvement of peripheral macrophages during homeostatic and pathological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaël Carrier
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Robert
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Kim St-Pierre
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Fernando González Ibáñez
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Audrée Laroche
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Katherine Picard
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
| | | | - Julie C. Savage
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Éric Boilard
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4 Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
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4
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Lin Y, Yang M, Cheng C, Wu J, Yu B, Zhang X. Age-related dysregulation of CXCL9/10 in monocytes is linked to impaired innate immune responses in a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:300. [PMID: 39001897 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-associated impairments in innate immunity are believed to be a causative factor responsible for severe pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection in the bone tissue. However, the basis for age-associated decline in innate immune response upon S. aureus infection remains poorly understood. RESULTS Our transcriptional data (GEO: GSE166522) from a mouse model of S. aureus osteomyelitis show up-regulated CXCL9 and CXCL10 (CXCL9/10), which is further confirmed in vitro and in vivo by the present study. Notably, monocytes are a main source for CXCL9/10 production in bone marrow upon S. aureus challenge, but this response declines in middle-aged mice. Interestingly, conditional medium of bone marrow monocytes from middle-aged mice has a strikingly decreased effect on bactericidal functions of neutrophils and macrophages compares with that from young mice. We further show that activation of CXCL9/10-CXCR3 axis between monocytes and macrophages/neutrophils promotes the bactericidal function of the cells, whereas blocking the axis impairs such function. Importantly, treatment with either exogenous CXCL9 or CXCL10 in a middle-aged mice model enhances, while pharmacological inhibition of CXCR3 in young mice model impairs, bacterial clearance and bone marrow structure. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that bone marrow monocytes act as a critical promotor of innate immune response via the CXLCL9/10-CXCR3 axis upon S. aureus infection, and that the increased susceptibility to S. aureus infection in skeleton in an aged host may be largely attributable to the declined induction of CXCR9/10 in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihuang Lin
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Mankai Yang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Chubin Cheng
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Jichang Wu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
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5
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Dotta E, Maciola AK, Baccega T, Pasqual G. Dendritic cells steering antigen and leukocyte traffic in lymph nodes. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38997244 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in initiating and shaping the adaptive immune response, thanks to their ability to uptake antigens and present them to T cells. Once in the lymph node (LN), DCs can spread the antigen to other DCs, expanding the pool of cells capable of activating specific T-cell clones. Additionally, DCs can modulate the dynamics of other immune cells, by increasing naïve T-cell dwell time, thereby facilitating the scanning for cognate antigens, and by selectively recruiting other leukocytes. Here we discuss the role of DCs in orchestrating antigen and leukocyte trafficking within the LN, together with the implications of this trafficking on T-cell activation and commitment to effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Dotta
- Laboratory of Synthetic Immunology, Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Maciola
- Laboratory of Synthetic Immunology, Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Tania Baccega
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasqual
- Laboratory of Synthetic Immunology, Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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6
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Rodrigues PF, Trsan T, Cvijetic G, Khantakova D, Panda SK, Liu Z, Ginhoux F, Cella M, Colonna M. Progenitors of distinct lineages shape the diversity of mature type 2 conventional dendritic cells. Immunity 2024; 57:1567-1585.e5. [PMID: 38821051 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are antigen-presenting cells comprising cDC1 and cDC2, responsible for priming naive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively. Recent studies have unveiled cDC2 heterogeneity and identified various cDC2 progenitors beyond the common DC progenitor (CDP), hinting at distinct cDC2 lineages. By generating Cd300ciCre-hCD2R26tdTomato reporter mice, we identified a bone marrow pro-cDC2 progenitor exclusively generating cDC2 in vitro and in vivo. Single-cell analyses and multiparametric flow cytometry demonstrated that pro-cDC2 encompasses myeloid-derived pre-cDC2 and lymphoid-derived plasmacytoid DC (pDC)-like precursors differentiating into a transcriptionally convergent cDC2 phenotype. Cd300c-traced cDC2 had distinct transcriptomic profiles, phenotypes, and tissue distributions compared with Ms4a3CreR26tdTomato lineage-traced DC3, a monocyte-DC progenitor (MDP)-derived subset that bypasses CDP. Mice with reduced Cd300c-traced cDC2 showed impaired humoral responses to T cell-dependent antigens. We conclude that progenitors of distinct lineages shape the diversity of mature cDC2 across tissues. Thus, ontogenesis may impact tissue immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fernandes Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tihana Trsan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grozdan Cvijetic
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Darya Khantakova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Santosh K Panda
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Bâtiment de Médecine Moléculaire 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 3, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Amon L, Seichter A, Vurnek D, Tchitashvili G, Heß I, Heger L, Lehmann CHK, Dudziak D. Protocol for mapping the heterogeneous dendritic cell network across the murine tissue landscape via high-dimensional flow cytometry. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103151. [PMID: 38990726 PMCID: PMC11295986 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) populate nearly all tissues and represent the central orchestrators of immunity. Here, we present a protocol for the mild but efficient preparation of single-cell suspensions from multiple murine tissues and the downstream analysis of the DC network via high-parameter flow cytometry. Additionally, we provide evaluation strategies that facilitate the stringent separation of the DC family from other myeloid cells, particularly macrophages and monocytes, and include an in-depth assessment of DC-intrinsic heterogeneity. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Amon et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Seichter
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Damir Vurnek
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Giorgi Tchitashvili
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabel Heß
- University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCCER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCCER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany Jena/Leipzig (CCCG), 07743 Jena, Germany.
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8
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Rocca G, Galli M, Celant A, Stucchi G, Marongiu L, Cozzi S, Innocenti M, Granucci F. Multiplexed imaging to reveal tissue dendritic cell spatial localisation and function. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38969618 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in immune surveillance, acting as sentinels that coordinate immune responses within tissues. Although differences in the identity and functional states of DC subpopulations have been identified through multiparametric flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing, these methods do not provide information about the spatial context in which the cells are located. This knowledge is crucial for understanding tissue organisation and cellular cross-talk. Recent developments in multiplex imaging techniques can now offer insights into this complex spatial and functional landscape. This review provides a concise overview of these imaging methodologies, emphasising their application in identifying DCs to delineate their tissue-specific functions and aiding newcomers in navigating this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Galli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Celant
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Stucchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Marongiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cozzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Metello Innocenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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9
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Kemp F, Braverman EL, Byersdorfer CA. Fatty acid oxidation in immune function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1420336. [PMID: 39007133 PMCID: PMC11240245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1420336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is a crucial determinant of immune cell fate and function. Extensive studies have demonstrated that metabolic decisions influence immune cell activation, differentiation, and cellular capacity, in the process impacting an organism's ability to stave off infection or recover from injury. Conversely, metabolic dysregulation can contribute to the severity of multiple disease conditions including autoimmunity, alloimmunity, and cancer. Emerging data also demonstrate that metabolic cues and profiles can influence the success or failure of adoptive cellular therapies. Importantly, immunometabolism is not one size fits all; and different immune cell types, and even subdivisions within distinct cell populations utilize different metabolic pathways to optimize function. Metabolic preference can also change depending on the microenvironment in which cells are activated. For this reason, understanding the metabolic requirements of different subsets of immune cells is critical to therapeutically modulating different disease states or maximizing cellular function for downstream applications. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO), in particular, plays multiple roles in immune cells, providing both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we review the major metabolic pathways available to immune cells, then focus more closely on the role of FAO in different immune cell subsets. Understanding how and why FAO is utilized by different immune cells will allow for the design of optimal therapeutic interventions targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Craig A. Byersdorfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Ray A, Hu KH, Kersten K, Courau T, Kuhn NF, Zaleta-Linares I, Samad B, Combes AJ, Krummel MF. Critical role of CD206+ macrophages in promoting a cDC1-NK-CD8 T cell anti-tumor immune axis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.31.560822. [PMID: 37961697 PMCID: PMC10635006 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.560822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are frequently categorized as being 'M1' or 'M2' polarized, even as substantial data challenges this binary modeling of macrophage cell state. One molecule consistently referenced as a delineator of a putative immunosuppressive 'M2' state is the surface protein CD206. We thus made a novel conditional CD206 (Mrc1) knock-in mouse to specifically visualize and/or deplete CD206+ 'M2-like' TAMs and assess their correspondence with pro-tumoral immunity. Early, but not late depletion of CD206+ macrophages and monocytes (here, 'Mono/Macs') led to an indirect loss of a key anti-tumor network of NK cells, conventional type I dendritic cells (cDC1) and CD8 T cells. Among myeloid cells, we found that the CD206+ TAMs are the primary producers of CXCL9, and able to differentially attract activated CD8 T cells. In contrast, a population of stress-responsive TAMs ("Hypoxic" or Spp1+) and immature monocytes, which lack CD206 expression and become prominent following early depletion, expressed markedly diminished levels of CXCL9. Those NK and CD8 T cells which enter CD206-depleted tumors express vastly reduced levels of the corresponding receptor Cxcr3, the cDC1-attracting chemokine Xcl1 and cDC1 growth factor Flt3l transcripts. Consistent with the loss of this critical network, early CD206+ TAM depletion decreased tumor control by antigen specific CD8 T cells in mice. Likewise, in humans, the CD206Replete, but not the CD206Depleted Mono/Mac gene signature correlated robustly with CD8 T cell, NK cell and stimulatory cDC1 gene signatures and transcriptomic signatures skewed towards CD206Replete Mono/Macs associated with better survival. Together, these findings negate the unqualified classification of CD206+ 'M2-like' macrophages as immunosuppressive by illuminating contexts for their role in organizing a critical tumor-reactive archetype of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja Ray
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kelly Kersten
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tristan Courau
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas F. Kuhn
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Itzia Zaleta-Linares
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bushra Samad
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexis J. Combes
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew F. Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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11
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De Leeuw E, Hammad H. The role of dendritic cells in respiratory viral infection. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230250. [PMID: 38811032 PMCID: PMC11134197 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0250-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections represent one of the major causes of death worldwide. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic alone claimed the lives of over 6 million people around the globe. It is therefore crucial to understand how the immune system responds to these threats and how respiratory infection can be controlled and constrained. Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the key players in antiviral immunity because of their ability to detect pathogens. They can orchestrate an immune response that will, in most cases, lead to viral clearance. Different subsets of DCs are present in the lung and each subset can contribute to antiviral responses through various mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of the different lung DC subsets in response to common respiratory viruses, with a focus on respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We also review how lung DC-mediated responses to respiratory viruses can lead to the worsening of an existing chronic pulmonary disease such as asthma. Throughout the review, we discuss results obtained from animal studies as well as results generated from infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth De Leeuw
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Pinto AT, Lukacs-Kornek V. The role of dendritic cells in MASH: friends or foes? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379225. [PMID: 38650949 PMCID: PMC11033439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major antigen-presenting cells that connect innate and adaptive immunity. Hepatic DCs are less activated and contribute to maintain the tolerogenic environment of the liver under steady state. Several studies indicated DCs in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), representing a substantial burden on healthcare systems due to its association with liver-related morbidity and mortality. Studies highlighted the potential disease-promoting role of liver DCs in the development of MASH while other experimental systems suggested their protective role. This review discusses this controversy and the current understanding of how DCs affect the pathogenesis of MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronika Lukacs-Kornek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
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13
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Heras-Murillo I, Adán-Barrientos I, Galán M, Wculek SK, Sancho D. Dendritic cells as orchestrators of anticancer immunity and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:257-277. [PMID: 38326563 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous group of antigen-presenting innate immune cells that regulate adaptive immunity, including against cancer. Therefore, understanding the precise activities of DCs in tumours and patients with cancer is important. The classification of DC subsets has historically been based on ontogeny; however, single-cell analyses are now additionally revealing a diversity of functional states of DCs in cancer. DCs can promote the activation of potent antitumour T cells and immune responses via numerous mechanisms, although they can also be hijacked by tumour-mediated factors to contribute to immune tolerance and cancer progression. Consequently, DC activities are often key determinants of the efficacy of immunotherapies, including immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Potentiating the antitumour functions of DCs or using them as tools to orchestrate short-term and long-term anticancer immunity has immense but as-yet underexploited therapeutic potential. In this Review, we outline the nature and emerging complexity of DC states as well as their functions in regulating adaptive immunity across different cancer types. We also describe how DCs are required for the success of current immunotherapies and explore the inherent potential of targeting DCs for cancer therapy. We focus on novel insights on DCs derived from patients with different cancers, single-cell studies of DCs and their relevance to therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Heras-Murillo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Adán-Barrientos
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Galán
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefanie K Wculek
- Innate Immune Biology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Amon L, Seichter A, Vurnek D, Heger L, Lächele L, Tochoedo NR, Kaszubowski T, Hatscher L, Baranska A, Tchitashvili G, Nimmerjahn F, Lehmann CHK, Dudziak D. Clec12A, CD301b, and FcγRIIB/III define the heterogeneity of murine DC2s and DC3s. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113949. [PMID: 38492222 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, multiple studies have investigated the heterogeneity of murine conventional dendritic cells type 2 (cDC2s). However, their phenotypic similarity with monocytes and macrophages renders their clear identification challenging. By creating a protein atlas utilizing multiparameter flow cytometry, we show that ESAM+ cDC2s are a specialized feature of the spleen strongly differing in their proteome from other cDC2s. In contrast, all other tissues are populated by Clec12A+ cDC2s or Clec12A- cDC2s (high or low for Fcγ receptors, C-type lectin receptors, and CD11b, respectively), rendering Clec12A+ cDC2s classical sentinels. Further, expression analysis of CD301b, Clec12A, and FcγRIIB/III provides a conserved definition of cDC2 heterogeneity, including the discovery of putative FcγRIIB/III+ DC3s across tissues. Finally, our data reveal that cell identity (ontogeny) dictates the proteome that is further fine-tuned by the tissue environment on macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), while monocytes and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) display subset intrinsic default settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Seichter
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Damir Vurnek
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Lächele
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nounagnon Romaric Tochoedo
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomasz Kaszubowski
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Hatscher
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Baranska
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giorgi Tchitashvili
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Herbert Kurt Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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15
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Shi M, Zhang H, Ma L, Wang X, Sun D, Feng Z. Innovative prognostic modeling in ESCC: leveraging scRNA-seq and bulk-RNA for dendritic cell heterogeneity analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352454. [PMID: 38515748 PMCID: PMC10956130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) stands out as a common cancer type, characterized by its notably high rates of occurrence and mortality. Recent advancements in treatment methods, including immunotherapy, have shown promise, yet the prognosis remains poor. In the context of tumor development and treatment outcomes, the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially the function of dendritic cells (DCs), is significantly influential. Our study aims to delve deeper into the heterogeneity of DCs in ESCC using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA analysis. Methods In the scRNA-seq analysis, we utilized the SCP package for result visualization and functional enrichment analysis of cell subpopulations. CellChat was employed to identify potential oncogenic mechanisms in DCs, while Monocle 2 traced the evolutionary trajectory of the three DC subtypes. CopyKAT assessed the benign or malignant nature of cells, and SCENIC conducted transcription factor regulatory network analysis, offering a preliminary exploration of DC heterogeneity. In Bulk-RNA analysis, we constructed a prognostic model for ESCC prognosis and immunotherapy response, based on DC marker genes. This model was validated through quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), confirming the gene expression levels. Results In this study, through intercellular communication analysis, we identified GALECTIN and MHC-I signaling pathways as potential oncogenic mechanisms within dendritic cells. We categorized DCs into three subtypes: plasmacytoid (pDC), conventional (cDC), and tolerogenic (tDC). Our findings revealed that pDCs exhibited an increased proportion of cells in the G2/M and S phases, indicating enhanced cellular activity. Pseudotime trajectory analysis demonstrated that cDCs were in early stages of differentiation, whereas tDCs were in more advanced stages, with pDCs distributed across both early and late differentiation phases. Prognostic analysis highlighted a significant correlation between pDCs and tDCs with the prognosis of ESCC (P< 0.05), while no significant correlation was observed between cDCs and ESCC prognosis (P = 0.31). The analysis of cell malignancy showed the lowest proportion of malignant cells in cDCs (17%), followed by pDCs (29%), and the highest in tDCs (48%), with these results being statistically significant (P< 0.05). We developed a robust ESCC prognostic model based on marker genes of pDCs and tDCs in the GSE53624 cohort (n = 119), which was validated in the TCGA-ESCC cohort (n = 139) and the IMvigor210 immunotherapy cohort (n = 298) (P< 0.05). Additionally, we supplemented the study with a novel nomogram that integrates clinical features and risk assessments. Finally, the expression levels of genes involved in the model were validated using qPCR (n = 8) and IHC (n = 16), thereby confirming the accuracy of our analysis. Conclusion This study enhances the understanding of dendritic cell heterogeneity in ESCC and its impact on patient prognosis. The insights gained from scRNA-seq and Bulk-RNA analysis contribute to the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Our prognostic models based on DC-related gene signatures hold promise for improving ESCC patient stratification and guiding treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linnan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijie Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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16
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Dutertre CA. A new step in understanding mouse cDC ontogeny. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:383-384. [PMID: 38351323 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Paris-Saclay University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.
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17
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Minutti CM, Piot C, Pereira da Costa M, Chakravarty P, Rogers N, Huerga Encabo H, Cardoso A, Loong J, Bessou G, Mionnet C, Langhorne J, Bonnet D, Dalod M, Tomasello E, Reis E Sousa C. Distinct ontogenetic lineages dictate cDC2 heterogeneity. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:448-461. [PMID: 38351322 PMCID: PMC10907303 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) include functionally and phenotypically diverse populations, such as cDC1s and cDC2s. The latter population has been variously subdivided into Notch-dependent cDC2s, KLF4-dependent cDC2s, T-bet+ cDC2As and T-bet- cDC2Bs, but it is unclear how all these subtypes are interrelated and to what degree they represent cell states or cell subsets. All cDCs are derived from bone marrow progenitors called pre-cDCs, which circulate through the blood to colonize peripheral tissues. Here, we identified distinct mouse pre-cDC2 subsets biased to give rise to cDC2As or cDC2Bs. We showed that a Siglec-H+ pre-cDC2A population in the bone marrow preferentially gave rise to Siglec-H- CD8α+ pre-cDC2As in tissues, which differentiated into T-bet+ cDC2As. In contrast, a Siglec-H- fraction of pre-cDCs in the bone marrow and periphery mostly generated T-bet- cDC2Bs, a lineage marked by the expression of LysM. Our results showed that cDC2A versus cDC2B fate specification starts in the bone marrow and suggest that cDC2 subsets are ontogenetically determined lineages, rather than cell states imposed by the peripheral tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Minutti
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Cécile Piot
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Neil Rogers
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Ana Cardoso
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jane Loong
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Gilles Bessou
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Cyrille Mionnet
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Langhorne
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Tomasello
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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18
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Koeneman BJ, Schreibelt G, Gorris MAJ, Hins - de Bree S, Westdorp H, Ottevanger PB, de Vries IJM. Dendritic cell vaccination combined with carboplatin/paclitaxel for metastatic endometrial cancer patients: results of a phase I/II trial. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368103. [PMID: 38444861 PMCID: PMC10912556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic endometrial cancer (mEC) continues to have a poor prognosis despite the introduction of several novel therapies including immune checkpoints inhibitors. Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination is known to be a safe immunotherapeutic modality that can induce immunological and clinical responses in patients with solid tumors. Platinum-based chemotherapy is known to act synergistically with immunotherapy by selectively depleting suppressive immune cells. Therefore, we investigated the immunological efficacy of combined chemoimmunotherapy with an autologous DC vaccine and carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy. Study design This is a prospective, exploratory, single-arm phase I/II study (NCT04212377) in 7 patients with mEC. The DC vaccine consisted of blood-derived conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, loaded with known mEC antigens Mucin-1 and Survivin. Chemotherapy consisted of carboplatin/paclitaxel, given weekly for 6 cycles and three-weekly for 3 cycles. The primary endpoint was immunological vaccine efficacy; secondary endpoints were safety and feasibility. Results Production of DC vaccines was successful in five out of seven patients. These five patients started study treatment and all were able to complete the entire treatment schedule. Antigen-specific responses could be demonstrated in two of the five patients who were treated. All patients had at least one adverse event grade 3 or higher. Treatment-related adverse events grade ≥3 were related to chemotherapy rather than DC vaccination; neutropenia was most common. Suppressive myeloid cells were selectively depleted in peripheral blood after chemotherapy. Conclusion DC vaccination can be safely combined with carboplatin/paclitaxel in patients with metastatic endometrial cancer and induces antigen-specific responses in a minority of patients. Longitudinal immunological phenotyping is suggestive of a synergistic effect of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouke J. Koeneman
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark A. J. Gorris
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Harm Westdorp
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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19
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Lv D, Jiang H, Yang X, Li Y, Niu W, Zhang D. Advances in understanding of dendritic cell in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1294807. [PMID: 38433836 PMCID: PMC10904453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1294807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a rapid decline in renal function and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. At present, the underlying mechanisms of AKI remain incompletely understood. Immune disorder is a prominent feature of AKI, and dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in orchestrating both innate and adaptive immune responses, including the induction of protective proinflammatory and tolerogenic immune reactions. Emerging evidence suggests that DCs play a critical role in the initiation and development of AKI. This paper aimed to conduct a comprehensive review and analysis of the role of DCs in the progression of AKI and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. The ultimate objective was to offer valuable insights and guidance for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Lv
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xianzhen Yang
- Department of Urology, Afliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Urinary Organ and Functional Reconstruction of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Weipin Niu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Dominant Diseases of traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Denglu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Dominant Diseases of traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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20
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Moussion C, Delamarre L. Antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells: A critical axis in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101848. [PMID: 38035643 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in shaping adaptive immunity. DCs have a unique ability to sample their environment, capture and process exogenous antigens into peptides that are then loaded onto major histocompatibility complex class I molecules for presentation to CD8+ T cells. This process, called cross-presentation, is essential for initiating and regulating CD8+ T cell responses against tumors and intracellular pathogens. In this review, we will discuss the role of DCs in cancer immunity, the molecular mechanisms underlying antigen cross-presentation by DCs, the immunosuppressive factors that limit the efficiency of this process in cancer, and approaches to overcome DC dysfunction and therapeutically promote antitumoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lélia Delamarre
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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21
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Mahajan D, Kumar T, Rath PK, Sahoo AK, Mishra BP, Kumar S, Nayak NR, Jena MK. Dendritic Cells and the Establishment of Fetomaternal Tolerance for Successful Human Pregnancy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0010. [PMID: 38782369 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a remarkable event where the semi-allogeneic fetus develops in the mother's uterus, despite genetic and immunological differences. The antigen handling and processing at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy appear to be crucial for the adaptation of the maternal immune system and for tolerance to the developing fetus and placenta. Maternal antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages (Mφs) and dendritic cells (DCs), are present at the maternal-fetal interface throughout pregnancy and are believed to play a crucial role in this process. Despite numerous studies focusing on the significance of Mφs, there is limited knowledge regarding the contribution of DCs in fetomaternal tolerance during pregnancy, making it a relatively new and growing field of research. This review focuses on how the behavior of DCs at the maternal-fetal interface adapts to pregnancy's unique demands. Moreover, it discusses how DCs interact with other cells in the decidual leukocyte network to regulate uterine and placental homeostasis and the local maternal immune responses to the fetus. The review particularly examines the different cell lineages of DCs with specific surface markers, which have not been critically reviewed in previous publications. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact that even minor disruptions in DC functions can have on pregnancy-related complications and proposes further research into the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting DCs to manage these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deviyani Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Bidyut Prava Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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22
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Janssens S, Rennen S, Agostinis P. Decoding immunogenic cell death from a dendritic cell perspective. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:350-370. [PMID: 38093416 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are myeloid cells bridging the innate and adaptive immune system. By cross-presenting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) liberated upon spontaneous or therapy-induced tumor cell death to T cells, DCs occupy a pivotal position in the cancer immunity cycle. Over the last decades, the mechanisms linking cancer cell death to DC maturation, have been the focus of intense research. Growing evidence supports the concept that the mere transfer of TAAs during the process of cell death is insufficient to drive immunogenic DC maturation unless this process is coupled with the release of immunomodulatory signals by dying cancer cells. Malignant cells succumbing to a regulated cell death variant called immunogenic cell death (ICD), foster a proficient interface with DCs, enabling their immunogenic maturation and engagement of adaptive immunity against cancer. This property relies on the ability of ICD to exhibit pathogen-mimicry hallmarks and orchestrate the emission of a spectrum of constitutively present or de novo-induced danger signals, collectively known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this review, we discuss how DCs perceive and decode danger signals emanating from malignant cells undergoing ICD and provide an outlook of the major signaling and functional consequences of this interaction for DCs and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Janssens
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Rennen
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Rigamonti A, Villar J, Segura E. Monocyte differentiation within tissues: a renewed outlook. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:999-1013. [PMID: 37949783 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
When recruited to mammalian tissues, monocytes differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs). In the past few years, the existence of monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) was questioned by the discovery of new DC populations with overlapping phenotypes. Here, we critically review the evidence for monocyte differentiation into DCs in tissues and highlight their specific functions. Recent studies have shown that monocyte-derived macrophages (moMacs) with distinct life cycles coexist in tissues, both at steady state and upon inflammation. Integrating studies in mice and humans, we highlight specific features of moMacs during inflammation and tissue repair. We also discuss the notion of monocyte differentiation occurring via a binary fate decision. Deciphering monocyte-derived cell properties is essential for understanding their role in nonresolving inflammation and how they might be targeted for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javiera Villar
- Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM, U932, 26 Rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - Elodie Segura
- Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM, U932, 26 Rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France.
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24
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Clemente B, Denis M, Silveira CP, Schiavetti F, Brazzoli M, Stranges D. Straight to the point: targeted mRNA-delivery to immune cells for improved vaccine design. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294929. [PMID: 38090568 PMCID: PMC10711611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the deepening of our understanding of adaptive immunity at the cellular and molecular level, targeting antigens directly to immune cells has proven to be a successful strategy to develop innovative and potent vaccines. Indeed, it offers the potential to increase vaccine potency and/or modulate immune response quality while reducing off-target effects. With mRNA-vaccines establishing themselves as a versatile technology for future applications, in the last years several approaches have been explored to target nanoparticles-enabled mRNA-delivery systems to immune cells, with a focus on dendritic cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells and key mediators of B- and T-cell immunity, and therefore considered as an ideal target for cell-specific antigen delivery. Indeed, improved potency of DC-targeted vaccines has been proved in vitro and in vivo. This review discusses the potential specific targets for immune system-directed mRNA delivery, as well as the different targeting ligand classes and delivery systems used for this purpose.
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25
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Saleh D, Jones RTL, Schroth SL, Thorp EB, Feinstein MJ. Emerging Roles for Dendritic Cells in Heart Failure. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1535. [PMID: 37892217 PMCID: PMC10605025 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of cardio-immunology has emerged from discoveries that define roles for innate and adaptive immune responses associated with myocardial inflammation and heart failure. Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise an important cellular compartment that contributes to systemic immune surveillance at the junction of innate and adaptive immunity. Once described as a singular immune subset, we now appreciate that DCs consist of a heterogeneous pool of subpopulations, each with distinct effector functions that can uniquely regulate the acute and chronic inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the cardiovascular-specific context involving DCs in negotiating the biological response to myocardial injury is not well understood. Herein, we review our current understanding of the role of DCs in cardiac inflammation and heart failure, including gaps in knowledge and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Saleh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | | | | | - Edward B. Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew J. Feinstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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