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Yuki M, Ishimori T, Kono S, Nagoshi S, Saito M, Isago H, Tamiya H, Fukuda K, Miyashita N, Ishii T, Matsuzaki H, Hiraishi Y, Saito A, Jo T, Nagase T, Mitani A. A Japanese herbal medicine (kampo), hochuekkito (TJ-41), has anti-inflammatory effects on the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10361. [PMID: 38710754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease that is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. A Japanese herbal medicine, hochuekkito (TJ-41), is prominently used for chronic inflammatory diseases in Japan. This study aimed to analyze the anti-inflammatory effect of TJ-41 in vivo and its underlying mechanisms. We created a COPD mouse model using intratracheal administration of porcine pancreatic elastase and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analyzed them with and without TJ-41 administration. A TJ-41-containing diet reduced inflammatory cell infiltration of the lungs in the acute and chronic phases and body weight loss in the acute phase. In vitro experiments revealed that TJ-41 treatment suppressed the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines in BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, TJ-41 administration activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and inhibited the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, both in cellular and mouse experiments. We concluded that TJ-41 administration reduced airway inflammation in the COPD mouse model, which might be regulated by the activated AMPK pathway, and inhibited the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Yuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taro Ishimori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shiho Kono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Saki Nagoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Minako Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideaki Isago
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsuzaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Center for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hiraishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihisa Mitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Xie D, Quan J, Yu X, Liang Z, Chen Y, Wu L, Lin L, Fan L. Molecular mechanism of Jianpiyifei II granules in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, and experimental assessment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155273. [PMID: 38342020 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by persistent airway and lung inflammation, excessive mucus production, remodeling of the airways, and damage to the alveolar tissue. Based on clinical experience, it has been observed that Jianpiyifei II (JPYF II) granules exhibit a significant therapeutic impact on individuals suffering from stable COPD. Nevertheless, the complete understanding of JPYF II's potential mode of action against COPD remains to be further clarified. PURPOSE To further investigate the underlying mechanism of JPYF II for treating COPD and clarify the role of the IL-17 pathway in the treatment. METHODS A variety of databases were utilized to acquire JPYF II's bioactive components, as well as related targets of JPYF II and COPD. Cytoscape was utilized to establish multiple interaction networks for the purpose of topological analyses and core-target screening. The Metascape was utilized to identify the function of target genes and crucial signaling pathways. To evaluate the interactions between bioactive ingredients and central target proteins, molecular docking simulations were conducted. Following that, a sequence of experiments was conducted both in the laboratory and in living organisms, which included analyzing the cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), examining lung tissue for histopathological changes, conducting immunohistochemistry, RT‒qPCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. RESULTS In JPYF II, 88 bioactive ingredients were predicted to have a total of 342 targets. After conducting Venn analysis, it was discovered that 284 potential targets of JPYF II were linked to the provision of defensive benefits against COPD. The PPI network yielded a total of twenty-four core targets. The findings from the analysis of enrichment and gene‒pathway network suggested that JPYF II targeted Hsp90, MAPKs, ERK, AP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, CXCL8, and MMP-9 as crucial elements for COPD treatment through the IL-17 pathway. Additionally, JPYF II might modulate MAPK signaling pathways and the downstream transcription factor AP-1 via IL-17 regulation. According to the findings from molecular docking, it was observed that the 24 core target proteins exhibited robust binding affinities towards the top 10 bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the treatment of COPD through the regulation of MAPKs in the IL-17 pathway was significantly influenced by flavonoids and sterols found in JPYF II. In vitro, these observations were further confirmed. In vivo results demonstrated that JPYF II reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in pulmonary tissues and the quantity of inflammatory cells in BALF obtained from LPS- and CS-stimulated mice. Moreover, the administration of JPYF II resulted in the inhibition of IL-17 mRNA and protein levels, phosphorylation levels of MAPK proteins, and expression of phosphorylated AP-1 proteins. It also suppressed the expression of downstream effector genes and proteins associated with the IL-17/MAPK/AP-1 signaling axis in lung tissues and BALF. CONCLUSION This research reveals that JPYF II improves COPD by controlling the IL-17/MAPK/AP-1 signaling axis within the IL-17 pathway for the first time. These findings offer potential approaches for the creation of novel medications that specifically target IL-17 and proteins involved in the IL-17 pathway to address COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Long Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
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Ibáñez B, Melero A, Montoro A, Merino-Torres JF, Soriano JM, San Onofre N. A Narrative Review of the Herbal Preparation of Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese, and Kampō Medicines Applied as Radioprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1437. [PMID: 37507975 PMCID: PMC10376155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing scientific interest in the search for natural radioprotectors that can be used to mitigate the effects of radiation on patients, healthcare personnel, and even for space travel. This narrative review covers the past fifty years and focuses on herbal preparations of Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese, and Kampō Medicines that have the potential to reduce or eliminate the harmful effects of radiation. Our findings highlight ten herbal preparations, namely Abana, Amalakyadi Churna, Amritaprasham, Brahma, Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (BZYQT), Chyavanaprasha, Cystone, Geriforte, Mentat, and Triphala, which have demonstrated potential radioprotective effects. This review examines their composition, properties, and possible mechanisms of action in relation to their radioprotective properties. Exploring the ethnobotany of traditional Asian medicine is particularly interesting as it may lead to the discovery of new active compounds with radioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Ibáñez
- Food & Health Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Merino-Torres
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, University of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M Soriano
- Food & Health Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, University of Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadia San Onofre
- Food & Health Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
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Hu L, Yamamoto M, Chen J, Duan H, Du J, He L, Shi D, Yao X, Nagai T, Kiyohara H, Yao Z. Integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification to decipher the immunomodulatory effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang against poly (I:C)-induced pulmonary inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015486. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation caused by respiratory tract viral infections is usually associated with acute exacerbation of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, maintaining the pulmonary immune homeostasis is particular important for prevention of the acute exacerbation. Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been broadly used to improve respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders in China for over 700 years. Previously, we have found the regulatory activity of BZYQT on the lower respiratory immune system, while its potential effects during pulmonary inflammation remain unknown. Thus, the current study focused on deciphering its immunomodulatory effect and potential mechanism against pulmonary inflammation by using a viral RNA analogue, poly (I:C), induced murine pulmonary inflammation model and BEAS-2B cell model coupled with network pharmacology. Inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted through microscope examination according to the cell’s morphology and staining characteristics; protein and gene levels of inflammatory mediators were determined with Elisa and quantitative PCR, respectively; network pharmacology was conducted based on 46 BZYQT-related potential bioactive components, pulmonary inflammation and immune-related targets. Our results indicated that the recruitment of neutrophils and the expression of Adgre1 (encoding the F4/80, which is a macrophage marker) in the lung induced by poly (I:C) were significantly reduced after BZYQT treatment, and these effects were further demonstrated to be related to the interference of leukocyte transendothelial migration from the decreased levels of CXCL10, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL2, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E/P-selectins. Furthermore, BZYQT inhibited the CXCL10, TNF-α, and IFN-β expression of poly (I:C)-challenged BEAS-2B cells in a dose-dependent manner. Through integrating results from network pharmacology, experiments, and the published literature, isoliquiritigenin, Z-ligustilide, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide III, formononetin, ferulic acid, hesperidin, and cimigenoside were presumed as the bioactive components of BZYQT against pulmonary inflammation. Overall, our findings demonstrated that BZYQT possesses a pronounced immunomodulatory effect on poly (I:C)-induced pulmonary inflammation, which provides a pharmacological basis for BZYQT in the treatment of respiratory disorders.
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Chun J, Park SM, Yi JM, Ha IJ, Kang HN, Jeong MK. Bojungikki-Tang Improves Response to PD-L1 Immunotherapy by Regulating the Tumor Microenvironment in MC38 Tumor-Bearing Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:901563. [PMID: 35873573 PMCID: PMC9300825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.901563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockage targeting PD-L1 has led to breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Although anti-PD-L1-based immunotherapy has been approved as standard therapy in various cancer types, its therapeutic efficacy in most colorectal cancers (CRC) is still limited due to the low response to immunotherapy. Therefore, combining treatment with herbal medicines could be an alternative approach for treating CRC to overcome this limitation. Bojungikki-Tang (BJIKT), a herbal formula used in traditional Chinese medicine, clinically improves the quality of life for cancer patients and has been associated with antitumor and immune-modulating activities. However, the regulatory effect of BJIKT on the immune response in the tumor microenvironment remains largely uninvestigated. In this study, we verified the inhibitory effect of BJIKT on tumor growth and investigated the regulatory effect of combination therapy with BJIKT and anti-PD-L1 on antitumor immune responses in an MC38 CRC-bearing C57BL/6 mouse model. Immune profiling analysis by flow cytometry was used to characterize the exact cell types contributing to anticancer activities. Combination treatment with BJIKT and anti-PD-L1 therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth in MC38-bearing mice and increased the proportion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in tumor tissues. Furthermore, BJIKT suppressed the population of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, suggesting that this combination treatment effectively regulates the immunological function of T-cells by improving the tumor microenvironment. The herbal formula BJIKT can be a novel therapeutic option for improving anti-PD-L1-based immunotherapy in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoo Chun
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Min Park
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Mu Yi
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In Jin Ha
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center (K-CTC), Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Na Kang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Jeong
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Ogawa-Ochiai K, Ishikawa H, Nishimura H, Okajima M, Iinuma Y, Ito M. Clinical and epidemiological features of healthcare workers after a coronavirus disease 2019 cluster infection in Japan and the effects of Kampo formulas-Hochuekkito and Kakkonto: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29748. [PMID: 35839019 PMCID: PMC11132327 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is expected that a low-toxicity natural compound like Kampo formulas would exhibit a preventive effect on COVID-19, in a global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the biological properties and safety of the representative Kampo, Hochuekkito (HET), and Kakkonto (KKT) have been confirmed in various animal model experiments and clinical studies, and in a few human studies to induce biological effects on various infectious diseases without significant toxicity, it is unclear whether HET and KKT are safe and effective for COVID-19 prevention. We summarized the clinical characteristics of HCWs and the preventive effects of HET and KKT. We performed a retrospective, single-center, cohort study that included 175 HCWs (aged 21-77 years) from a total number of 217 in a hospital with a history of COVID-19 cluster infection. In total, 175 HCWs were tested for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. We identified 27 patients (median age: 49 ± 10.7 years) who were diagnosed with COVID-19. The patients in the group that had a body mass index ≥ 25 had a high COVID-19 infection risk, while those in the group with a Kampo formula adherence rate ≥ 40% had a low COVID-19 risk. Patients in the group with an adherence rate ≥ 40%, as well as those in the current alcohol consumption group, were at a low risk of developing severe COVID-19. In conclusion, HET and KKT may have prevented the onset or worsening of COVID-19, which could be clinically used. Obesity might have increased the patients' susceptibility to COVID-19 and the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai
- Kampo Clinical Center, Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Nishimura
- Futatsuya Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan and Hane Pediatric Clinic, Toba-city, Mie, Japan
| | - Masaki Okajima
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Iinuma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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Nahata M, Fujitsuka N, Sekine H, Shimobori C, Ohbuchi K, Iizuka S, Mogami S, Ohnishi S, Takeda H. Decline in Liver Mitochondria Metabolic Function Is Restored by Hochuekkito Through Sirtuin 1 in Aged Mice With Malnutrition. Front Physiol 2022; 13:848960. [PMID: 35299665 PMCID: PMC8921682 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.848960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition impairs basic daily activities and leads to physical frailty, which is aggravated in the elderly compared with young adults. It is also well-known that the elderly are more vulnerable to metabolic stress. Therefore, in this study, using a food restricted (FR) mouse, we aimed to evaluate the effect of aging on locomotor activity and liver metabolic function. Further, we also investigated the involvement of hepatic mitochondria in liver metabolic function during aging, as well as the therapeutic benefit of the traditional Japanese medicine, hochuekkito (HET). Our findings indicated that following food restriction provided as 30% of ad libitum intake for 5 days, the locomotor activity was lower in 23–26-month-old (aged) mice than in 9-week-old (young) mice. Further, compared with young mice, aged mice exhibited significant decreases in the levels of metabolites related to the urea cycle, mitochondrial function, and anti-oxidative stress. The livers of the aged mice also showed a greater decrease in mitochondrial DNA copy number than young mice. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and mitochondrial biogenesis-related regulators were attenuated in aged mice. However, these changes were partially restored by HET treatment, which also improved locomotor activity, and combined treatment with alanine resulted in more significant effects in this regard. Therefore, our findings suggested that the decrease in locomotor activity in aged FR mice was associated with a decline in the metabolic function of hepatic mitochondria via decreased SIRT1 expression, which was restored by HET treatment. This implies that enhancing the metabolic function of liver mitochondria can contribute to alleviating energy deficiency in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Nahata
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitsuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Naoki Fujitsuka,
| | - Hitomi Sekine
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chika Shimobori
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiichi Iizuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sachiko Mogami
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Gastroenterology, Tokeidai Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Yaku H, Kaneda K, Kitamura J, Kato T, Kimura T. Kampo medicine for the holistic approach to older adults with heart failure. J Cardiol 2021; 80:306-312. [PMID: 34974939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality in older adults and represents a significant clinical and economic burden on the health care system. However, there are many challenges in assessing and managing HF in elderly patients, who often have coexisting multimorbidity, frailty, and malnutrition. Therefore, it is often difficult to solve these problems with Western medicine alone, and a holistic approach, including Kampo medicine, can be helpful. In particular, managing volume control and frailty by adding Kampo formulas may help improve health-related quality of life and substantially impact prognosis in HF. This review article summarizes the role of Kampo medicine for older patients with HF and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Yaku
- Department of Cardiology, Mitsubishi Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kaneda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kitamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takao Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Ogawa-Ochiai K, Ishikawa H, Li H, Vu Quang L, Kimoto I, Takamura M, Hongawa T, Hane Y, Suzuki S, Okajima M, Mori K, Ito M, Takami A. Immunological and Preventive Effects of Hochuekkito and Kakkonto Against Coronavirus Disease in Healthcare Workers: A Retrospective Observational Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:766402. [PMID: 34867392 PMCID: PMC8636833 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.766402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amid the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it may be expected that low-toxicity natural compounds, such as Kampo formulas, will have a preventive effect on COVID-19. Although the biological properties and safety of the representative Kampo compounds, hochuekkito (HET) and kakkonto (KKT), have been confirmed in various animal model experiments, clinical studies, and a few human studies to induce biological effects on various infectious diseases without significant toxicity, it is unclear whether HET and KKT are safe and effective for COVID-19 prevention. The study population included healthcare workers (HCWs), as they are at a higher risk of infection than the other populations. We retrospectively investigated the immunological and preventive effects of HET and KTT against COVID-19. We included 27 HCWs (aged 21–72 years, F:M = 18:9) from hospitals and clinics of the Hokuriku-Tokai region. The HCWs received HET and KKT for general fatigue and myalgia during this period for 28 days. We obtained patient clinical data from electronic medical records. We analyzed the changes in immunomodulation before and after the administration of the formulas from residual specimens based on the expression of relevant surface markers. The specimens were also tested for the presence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The following side effects were reported: abdominal discomfort in five patients, diarrhea in two, and loose or soft stool in three. All 27 HCWs tested negative for COVID-19 antibodies. HET and KKT administration significantly increased the absolute number of circulating lymphocytes expressing the activating receptors NKp46, NKp30, and suppressing receptor NKG2A. There was also a significant increase in the absolute number of circulating lymphocytes expressing the receptors TLR4, OX40, 4–1BB, GITR, PD-1, and ICOS. These data indicate that HET and KKT can enhance and modulate NK activity in circulating human immune cells. The immunomodulatory effects, such as activation and regulation of T cells, are consistent with a putative improvement in infectious immunosurveillance. An increase in the number of T cells and CD4/CD8-positive cells indicates an enhanced ability to protect against infection. HET and KKT may prevent the onset or worsening of COVID-19 through their immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai
- Kampo Clinical Center, Department of General Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hongyang Li
- Kampo Clinical Center, Department of General Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Lam Vu Quang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | | | | | - Tetsuya Hongawa
- Shizuoka Prefectural Government Office Clinic, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan.,Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masaki Okajima
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keita Mori
- Clinical Research Support Center, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Department of General Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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10
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Ohsawa M, Makino T, Takimoto Y, Inui A. Application of Kampo medicines for the palliation of cancer cachexia. Neuropeptides 2021; 90:102188. [PMID: 34488048 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia results in the discontinuation of aggressive cancer therapy, and halting its progression has a significant effect on the survival rate and quality of life of patients with cancer. Currently, there are few therapies to control or slow down the progression of cancer cachexia. Although traditional Japanese Kampo medicine is widely used to support aggressive cancer therapy, the relevant scientific evidence is limited. Additionally, Kampo medicines are based on historical experience. In recent years, there have been widespread attempts to prove the efficacy of Kampo medicines through basic research, and an increasing number of studies have clarified the mechanism of action of Kampo medicines at the molecular level. It has been proposed that the improvement of cancer cachexia by Kampo medicines might involve enhancement of feeding via the central nervous system, improvement of protein maintenance in the skeletal muscle, and suppression of inflammatory cytokine production. In particular, among Kampo medicines, tonifying formulae, called "hozai" in Japanese, have been shown to be effective in alleviating cancer cachexia. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of basic and clinical research in Kampo medicines on cancer cachexia, and introduce Kampo medicines that are expected to be attractive supportive cancer medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ohsawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takimoto
- Department of medical ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tkyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuraga-oka, Kagoshima, Japan
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11
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Suzuki T, Uneda K, Aoyagi R, Kobayashi T, Mitsuma T, Nakamoto H. Case Report: Kampo Medicine for Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium Pulmonary Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:761934. [PMID: 34805248 PMCID: PMC8601257 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.761934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While the number of pulmonary tuberculosis cases has decreased, increase in non-tuberculous mycobacterium pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a global problem. Guideline-based therapy for NTM-PD sometimes causes complications that prevent treatment completion, and there are many cases of relapse even if the treatment can be completed. In addition to antibacterial treatment, care of host risk factors, such as aging, lean physique and immunosuppressive state, is also very important for the management of NTM-PD. In Japan, Kampo medicine, a traditional Japanese herbal formulation, used alone or in combination with standard multidrug therapy for NTM-PD, has been found to be effective for such cases. Case Presentation: A 77-year-old lean woman had been diagnosed with Mycobacterium intracellulare pulmonary infection 6 years earlier, and had received the standard multidrug treatment 5 years later at a former hospital due to worsening of her symptoms of cough, breathlessness and hemoptysis. However, the treatment was discontinued within a year due to the development of adverse events. She refused the guideline-based antibacterial treatment, and asked for Kampo medicine instead. Bukuryoshigyakuto was subsequently prescribed, which led to cough and sputum, especially hemosputum, being well controlled. With 3 years of Kampo medicine treatment, she gained weight and her hemosputum disappeared. High-resolution computed tomography images showed improvement in her lung condition, and her sputum smear culture was negative for acid-fast bacillus. Conclusion: Various kinds of Kampo medicines have been used empirically for NTM-PD in Japan. A literature review from 1992 to 2020 showed that hozais, in particular, seem to be key drugs for the treatment of host NTM-PD risk factors. Kampo medicines can contribute to comprehensive treatment for NTM-PD management that does not rely solely on antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Infectious Disease and Pulmonary Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Aoyagi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehito Kobayashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Mitsuma
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Nakamoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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12
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Ogawa-Ochiai K, Katagiri T, Sato Y, Shirai A, Ishiyama K, Takami A, Morishita E. Natural killer cell function changes by the Japanese Kampo Medicine Juzentaihoto in General fatigue patients. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Lee BJ, Kim KI, Choi CW, Kim JY, Lee JH. Long-term progression-free survival in a patient with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with low-dose gefitinib and traditional herbal medicine: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24292. [PMID: 33592873 PMCID: PMC7870175 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Gefitinib is a first-line palliative chemotherapy drug used to treat advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients who have an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. However, approximately two-thirds of NSCLC patients with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor experience dermatological toxicity. Cutaneous toxicity is usually not life threatening but can necessitate modification or discontinuation of medication in severe cases. In this case, despite a reduction in the dose of gefitinib due to side effects, combined treatment with modified Bojungikki-tang (BJKIT) increased progression-free survival (PFS) in an advanced NSCLC patient. PATIENT CONCERNS An 83-year-old Asian woman presented with chief complaints of chronic cough, dyspnea, weight loss, and anorexia. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC (T2aN3M1), adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the lymph node, brain, and bone based on image scan and biopsy. An EGFR deletion was detected in exon 19. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with gefitinib (250 mg/d) and traditional herbal medicine, modified Bojungikki-tang (BJIKT). However, after 1 year of combination therapy, gefitinib was tapered down to once per week while modified BJIKT was maintained. OUTCOMES A partial response was achieved, but after 3 months severe papulopustular skin rashes developed and became aggravated with time. Thus, the gefitinib dose was reduced. However, the PFS has been maintained for approximately 78 months. LESSONS Despite the reduction in gefitinib dose due to side effects, the combined treatment of gefitinib and the modified BJIKT has maintained a PFS of over 78 months, indicating that modified BJIKT enhanced the anti-cancer effect of gefitinib in a patient with advanced NSCLC harboring the EFGR mutation, and may have delayed acquired resistance, the main limitation on the efficacy of gefitinib. Further investigations including clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Joon Lee
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Il Kim
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Woon Choi
- Nowonkyunghee korean medical clinic, 1363, Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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14
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Isago H, Mitani A, Kohno S, Nagoshi S, Ishimori T, Saito M, Tamiya H, Miyashita N, Ishii T, Matsuzaki H, Yatomi Y, Nagase T, Jo T. The Japanese Herbal (Kampo) Medicine Hochuekkito Attenuates Lung Inflammation in Lung Emphysema. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:39-45. [PMID: 33390548 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder. It often causes weight loss, which is considered a poor prognostic factor. A Japanese herbal Kampo medicine, Hochuekkito (TJ-41), has been reported to prevent systemic inflammation and weight loss in COPD patients, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of TJ-41 in vivo using a mouse model of lung emphysema. We used lung epithelium-specific Taz conditional knockout mice (Taz CKO mice) as the lung emphysema model mimicking the chronic pulmonary inflammation in COPD. Acute inflammation was induced by intratracheal lipopolysaccharide administration, simulating COPD exacerbation. Mice were fed a diet containing 2% TJ-41 or a control diet. Taz CKO mice showed increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared to control mice. This effect was reduced by TJ-41 treatment. In the acute exacerbation model, TJ-41 mitigated the increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and attenuated lung inflammation in histopathological studies. Additional in vitro experiments using the human macrophage cell line U-937 demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was significantly downregulated by TJ-41. These results suggest that TJ-41 has anti-inflammatory effects in lung emphysema both in the chronic phase and during an acute exacerbation. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the anti-inflammatory effects of TJ-41 in lung emphysema. This establishes its potential as a new anti-inflammatory therapy and a preventive medicine for exacerbations during the long-time maintenance of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Isago
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Akihisa Mitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Shiho Kohno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Saki Nagoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Taro Ishimori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Minako Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroyuki Tamiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Hirotaka Matsuzaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
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15
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Upadhaya SD, Kim YM, Shi H, Le Cour Grandmaison J, Blanchard A, Kim IH. Standardized Plant Extract Alleviates the Negative Effects of FMD Vaccination on Animal Performance. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030455. [PMID: 32182817 PMCID: PMC7143122 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is among the viral diseases causing poor growth performance and reduced immune status, leading to heavy economic losses in livestock. The vaccination of animals against FMD may lead to vaccination stress, thereby reducing the growth performance of animals. The growth promoting effects of a plant extract (consisting of capsicum and turmeric oleoresins) against FMD vaccinated growing pigs are evaluated in the present study. It was determined that the supplementation of the plant extract significantly improved performance and increased the antibody titer against FMD antigens. However, the immune parameters measured at days 10, 15, 20 and 25 post-FMD vaccination remained unaffected. Abstract The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a plant extract (PE) on growth performance and immune status in foot and mouth disease (FMD)-vaccinated growing pigs. A total of 120 crossed ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc) growing pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 24.66 ± 2.34 kg and an average age of 70 days were randomized into three groups (10 pens; 4 pigs per pen per treatment) as follows: a nonvaccinated negative control group (NV), a FMD vaccinated group (OV), and a third group received a 0.0125% PE supplement after vaccination (PV), in a 6-week trial. The PV group receiving PE supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the BW compared with the OV group, and average daily gain (ADG) during days 1–14, overall and gain-to-feed ratio (G: F) in days 1–14, and dry matter (DM) digestibility at week 6 were higher (p < 0.05) in the PV compared with the OV group. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in haptoglobin concentration was observed in the OV group compared with the NV group at 25 days postvaccination. The inhibition percentage of antibodies against FMD in the sera reached above 50% in the PV group 5 days earlier than in the OV group. The findings suggest that the inclusion of PE in the diet promoted the performance of vaccinated growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Devi Upadhaya
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, Korea; (S.D.U.); (Y.M.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, Korea; (S.D.U.); (Y.M.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, Korea; (S.D.U.); (Y.M.K.); (H.S.)
| | | | - Alexandra Blanchard
- Pancosma, A-One Business Center, La piece 3, CH-1180 Rolle, Switzerland; (J.L.C.G.); (A.B.)
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, Korea; (S.D.U.); (Y.M.K.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-3652; Fax: +82-41-565-2949
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16
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He Q, Sawada M, Yamasaki N, Akazawa S, Furuta H, Uenishi H, Meng X, Nakahashi T, Ishigaki Y, Moriya J. Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and the Treatment with Kampo Medicine. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:110-115. [PMID: 31902915 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is mainly symptom-based, and the etiology is still unclear. Here, we evaluated the pathological changes in the brain of a mouse model of CFS and studied the effects of Kampo medicine. A mouse model of CFS was established through six repeated injections of Brucella abortus (BA) every two weeks for a period of 12 weeks. Neuroinflammation was measured by estimating interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and oxidative stress by nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) 6 weeks after the last injection. Hippocampal neurogenesis was evaluated through Ki-67, doublecortin (DCX), and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assays. The effects of Kampo medicines (Hochuekkito (TJ-41) and Hachimijiogan (TJ-7)) on neuroinflammation during CFS were studied. The wheel-running activity of mice was decreased by about 50% compared to baseline at 6 weeks after the last BA injection. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, 3-NT, and 4-HNE were increased in both the cortex and the hippocampus of CFS mice at 6 weeks after the last BA injection. Hippocampal neurogenesis was unchanged in CFS mice. Treatment with TJ-41 and TJ-7 reduced the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the hippocampus but not in the cortex. The results of the present study indicate that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in the pathogenesis of CFS. The data further suggest that treatment with TJ-41 and TJ-7 could help reduce the inflammation associated with CFS in the hippocampus, but failed to improve the symptoms in CFS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Mio Sawada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Naruhiro Yamasaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Sumiyo Akazawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Hisakazu Furuta
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Hiroaki Uenishi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Xiangjin Meng
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Takeshi Nakahashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University
| | | | - Junji Moriya
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University
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17
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Chen Y, Lv J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Fang H, Liu C, Zhang Q, Cui X, Wang X, Gao F. iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Analysis of Plasma of Myasthenia Gravis Patients Treated with Jia Wei Bu Zhong Yi Qi Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:9147072. [PMID: 31915455 PMCID: PMC6930785 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9147072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease. A proportion of MG patients did not get satisfactory results after treatment with pyridostigmine and prednisone. Jia Wei Bu Zhong Yi Qi (Jia Wei BZYQ) decoction, a water extract from multiple herbs, has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of multiple "Qi deficiency type" diseases including MG in China. In this text, we investigated protein alterations in the plasma from healthy volunteers (C), MG patients without any treatment (T1), MG patients with routine western medical treatment (T2), and MG patients with combined treatments of Jia Wei BZYQ decoction and routine western medicines (T3) and identified some potential proteins involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of MG. iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) and 2D-LC-MS/MS (two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technologies) were employed to screen differentially expressed proteins. The identification, quantification, functional annotation, and interaction of proteins were analyzed by matching software and databases. In our project, 618 proteins were identified, among which 447 proteins had quantitative data. The number of differentially expressed proteins was 110, 117, 143, 115, 86, and 158 in T1 vs. C, T2 vs. C, T2 vs. T1, T3 vs. C, T3 vs. T1, and T3 vs. T2 groups, respectively. Functional annotation results showed that many differentially expressed proteins were closely associated with immune responses. For instance, some key proteins such as C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein C-III, apolipoprotein A-II, alpha-actinin-1, and thrombospondin-1 have been found to be abnormally expressed in T3 group compared to T1 group or T2 group. Interaction network analyses also provided some potential biomarkers or targets for MG management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Junhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 19, Renmin Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Yingzhe Chen
- Department of Neurology, Pingdingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Henan No. 4 Courtyard, North Section of Zhongxing Road, Pingdingshan City 467000, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Neuroimmunology Research, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, No. 40, University Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunology Research, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, No. 40, University Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Yingna Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunology Research, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, No. 40, University Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Neuroimmunology Research, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, No. 40, University Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Neuroimmunology Research, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, No. 40, University Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Chongchong Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingyong Zhang
- Myasthenia Gravis Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450003, China
| | - Xinzheng Cui
- Myasthenia Gravis Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450003, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuroimmunology Research, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, No. 40, University Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, China
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18
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Akita S, Namiki T, Kawasaki Y, Rikihisa N, Ogata H, Tokumoto H, Tezuka T, Kubota Y, Kuriyama M, Nakamura M, Mitsukawa N. The beneficial effect of traditional Japanese herbal (Kampo) medicine, Hochu-ekki-to (Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang), for patients with chronic wounds refractory to conventional therapies: A prospective, randomized trial. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:672-679. [PMID: 31350938 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hochu-ekki-to (HET) is a traditional Japanese herbal (Kampo) medicine for the treatment of severe weakness, loss of appetite, and indigestion in elderly patients and for the prevention of opportunistic infections. The impact of HET on patients with chronic wounds refractory to conventional therapies was investigated in a prospective, randomized trial, including 18 patients divided into medication (7.5 g oral HET per day, n = 9) and control (n = 9) groups. Wound healing during the 12-week study period was scored based on depth, exudate, size, inflammation/infection, granulation tissue, necrotic tissue, and pocket size. At 12 weeks, wound healing progressed in all nine patients in the medication group, whereas wound healing progressed in only three patients in the control group (significant difference, p < 0.01; relative risk: 3.00). In the medication group, the total score decreased significantly at 8 weeks and later. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first to show that HET promoted the healing of chronic wounds resistant to conventional treatments. HET may be a choice as an adjunctive therapy for chronic wounds, particularly for patients with malnutrition. This trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000031620).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Akita
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Namiki
- Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoaki Rikihisa
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ogata
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Tokumoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tezuka
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubota
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motone Kuriyama
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michimi Nakamura
- Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Okabe H, Kinjo Y, Obama K, Hosogi H, Hata H, Asao Y, Harada H, Manaka D, Itami A, Teramukai S, Sakai Y. A Randomized Phase II Study of S-1 Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Hochu-ekki-to, a Japanese Herbal Medicine, for Stage II/III Gastric Cancer: The KUGC07 (SHOT) Trial. Front Oncol 2019; 9:294. [PMID: 31058092 PMCID: PMC6478796 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: A multicenter randomized phase II study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Hochu-ekki-to (TJ-41) for reducing adverse reactions and increasing compliance with S-1 adjuvant therapy for advanced gastric cancer. Methods: The eligibility criteria were pathological stage II/III after R0 resection. Patients received adjuvant therapy with S-1 alone (group S) or S-1 with TJ-41 (group ST) for 1 year. The primary endpoint was the completion rate of S-1. Secondary endpoints were adverse events, relative dose intensity, relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: We randomly assigned 56 patients to group ST and 57 patients to group S. The completion rates of S-1 were 54.5 and 50.9%, the median relative dose intensities were 89.2 and 71.9%, and adverse events of grade 3 or 4 occurred in 45.5 and 54.5% in groups ST and S, respectively. There was no significant difference in 3-year OS or RFS between the two groups. Conclusions: TJ-41 does not increase relative dose and completion rate of S-1 significantly. J-41 may reduce toxic effects, but our findings do not support routine use of TJ-41 after gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Okabe
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yousuke Kinjo
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Himeji Medical Center, Himeji, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Hosogi
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hata
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Asao
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Hirakata Kohsai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Harada
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Dai Manaka
- Department of Surgery, Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Itami
- Department of Surgery, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Teramukai
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Sunagawa M, Yamaguchi K, Tsukada M, Ebihara N, Ikemoto H, Hisamitsu T. Kampo (Traditional Japanese Herbal) Formulae for Treatment of Stomatitis and Oral Mucositis. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5040130. [PMID: 30544681 PMCID: PMC6313652 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stomatitis is occasionally multiple, recurrent, and refractory. Currently, mucositis induced by chemotherapy and radiation therapy in patients with cancer has become a significant clinical problem. Effective treatments have not been established and the treatment of numerous cases remains a challenge for physicians. Traditional Japanese herbal medicines termed Kampo formulae (i.e., Hangeshashinto, Orengedokuto, Inchinkoto, Orento, Byakkokaninjinto, Juzentaihoto, Hochuekkito, and Shosaikoto) are used for treating various types of stomatitis and mucositis. Its use has been based on the Kampo medical theories—empirical rules established over thousands of years. However, recently, clinical and basic research studies investigating these formulae have been conducted to obtain scientific evidence. Clinical studies investigating efficacies of Shosaikoto and Orento for the treatment of cryptogenic stomatitis and acute aphthous stomatitis and those investigating the effects of Hangeshashinto, Orengedokuto, and Juzentaihoto on chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-induced mucositis have been conducted. The Kampo formulae comprise several crude drugs, whose mechanisms of action are gradually being clarified. Most of these drugs that are used for the treatment of stomatitis possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidative properties. In this review, we introduce the clinical applications and summarize the available evidence on the Kampo formulae for the treatment of stomatitis and oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of physiology, School of medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Yamaguchi
- Department of physiology, School of medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Mana Tsukada
- Department of physiology, School of medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Nachi Ebihara
- Department of physiology, School of medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Hideshi Ikemoto
- Department of physiology, School of medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of physiology, School of medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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Hamada H, Sekikawa K, Murakami I, Aimoto K, Kagawa K, Sumigawa T, Okusaki K, Dodo T, Awaya Y, Watanabe M, Kondo K, Ogawa T, Yamamoto H, Hattori N. Effects of Hochuekkito combined with pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:5236-5242. [PMID: 30542479 PMCID: PMC6257386 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has significant systemic effects, such as weight loss, which affects exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and survival. The traditional herbal medicine, Hochuekkito (TJ-41), improves the nutritional status and decreases systemic inflammation in patients with COPD. However, to date, the additive effect of TJ-41 on pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with COPD has not been researched comprehensively. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of adding TJ-41 to PR for patients with COPD. Thirty-three malnourished patients with COPD were randomly assigned to receive low-intensity exercise with (TJ-41 group) or without (control group) TJ-41 treatment for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the 6-min walk distance (6MWD). Secondary outcomes included changes in the body composition, peripheral muscle strength, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea score, visual analog scale (VAS) score for dyspnea, VAS score for fatigue and COPD assessment test (CAT) score. After the 12-week treatment, body weight and percent ideal body weight were significantly increased in the TJ-41 group (P<0.05), but not in the control group. After the 12-week treatment, the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea score, VAS score for dyspnea, VAS score for fatigue and total CAT score decreased significantly in the TJ-41 group (all P<0.05), but not in the control group. There were no significant differences in the 6MWD and peripheral muscle strength between baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment in either group. No adverse effects were noted with the use of TJ-41. It was concluded that the addition of TJ-41 to PR may benefit malnourished patients with COPD with respect to dyspnea and HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Sekikawa
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Isao Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Higashi-Hiroshima Medical Center, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0041, Japan
| | - Kouichi Aimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Higashi-Hiroshima Medical Center, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0041, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima City Medical Association-Administered Hiroshima City Aki Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 736-0088, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sumigawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima City Medical Association-Administered Hiroshima City Aki Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 736-0088, Japan
| | - Ken Okusaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mihara Medical Associations Hospital, Mihara, Hiroshima 723-0051, Japan
| | - Takefumi Dodo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mihara Medical Associations Hospital, Mihara, Hiroshima 723-0051, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Awaya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Miyoshi Central Hospital, Miyoshi, Hiroshima 728-8502, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Miyoshi Central Hospital, Miyoshi, Hiroshima 728-8502, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tadanoumi Hospital, Takehara, Hiroshima 729-2316, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Higashi-Hiroshima Medical Center, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0041, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yamamoto
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Protective Effect of Jianpiyifei II Granule against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via NF- κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4265790. [PMID: 30174706 PMCID: PMC6098891 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4265790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Jianpiyifei II granule (JPYF II) is an oriental herbal formula used clinically in China to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of JPYF II in a mouse model of COPD induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke (CS) and in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Mice were given LPS via intratracheal instillation on days 1 and 15 and exposed to CS generated from 4 cigarettes/day for 28 days. The mice were treated with 0.75, 1.5, or 3 g/kg/d JPYF II by intragastric administration in low, middle, and high dose groups, respectively, for two weeks. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by CSE and treated with JPYF II at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 μg/mL. In the mouse model of LPS and CS-induced COPD, JPYF II decreased inflammatory cell counts in broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), in addition to mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases (MMPs) in lung tissues. In addition, JPYF II elevated catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and IκBα and p65 phosphorylation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues. In RAW264.7 cells stimulated with CSE, JPYF II inhibited the mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators and the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Our results suggest that JPYF II enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities in a mouse model of COPD induced by LPS and CS and in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with CSE via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Minami M, Konishi T, Makino T. Effect of Hochuekkito (Buzhongyiqitang) on Nasal Cavity Colonization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Murine Model. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5030083. [PMID: 30071688 PMCID: PMC6163422 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are largely preceded by colonization with MRSA. Hochuekkito is the formula composing 10 herbal medicines in traditional Kampo medicine to treat infirmity and to stimulate immune functions. We evaluated the efficacy of hochuekkito extract (HET) against MRSA colonization using a nasal infection murine model. Methods: We evaluated the effects of HET as follows: (1) the growth inhibition by measuring turbidity of bacterial culture in vitro, (2) the nasal colonization of MRSA by measuring bacterial counts, and (3) the splenocyte proliferation in mice orally treated with HET by the 3H-thymidine uptake assay. Results: HET significant inhibited the growth of MRSA. The colony forming unit (CFU) in the nasal fluid of HET-treated mice was significantly lower than that of HET-untreated mice. When each single crude drug—Astragali radix, Bupleuri radix, Zingiberis rhizoma, and Cimicifugae rhizome—was removed from hochuekkito formula, the effect of the formula significantly weakened. The uptake of 3H-thymidine into murine splenocytes treated with HET was significantly higher than that from untreated mice. The effects of the modified formula described above were also significantly weaker than those of the original formula. Conclusions: Hochuekkito is effective for the treatment of MRSA nasal colonization in the murine model. We suggest HET as the therapeutic candidate for effective therapy on nasal cavity colonization of MRSA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Minami
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Toru Konishi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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Differential Regulation of NF- κB and Nrf2 by Bojungikki-Tang Is Associated with Suppressing Lung Inflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5059469. [PMID: 29636779 PMCID: PMC5831875 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5059469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bojungikki-tang (BT), an Asian herbal remedy, has been prescribed to increase the vitality of debilitated patients. Since a compromised, weakened vitality often leads to illness, BT has been widely used to treat various diseases. However, little is known about the mechanism by which BT exerts its effect. Given that BT ameliorates inflammatory pulmonary diseases including acute lung injury (ALI), we investigated whether BT regulates the function of key inflammatory factors such as NF-κB and Nrf2, contributing to suppressing inflammation. Results show that BT interrupted the nuclear localization of NF-κB and suppressed the expression of the NF-κB-dependent genes in RAW 264.7 cells. In similar experiments, BT induced the nuclear localization of Nrf2 and the expression of the Nrf2-dependent genes. In a lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI mouse model, a single intratracheal administration of BT to mouse lungs ameliorated alveolar structure and suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes and neutrophil infiltration to mouse lungs. Therefore, our findings suggest that suppression of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2, by which BT suppresses inflammation, are ways for BT to exert its effect.
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Kim J, Kim H, Kim KH. Effects of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang for the treatment of functional dyspepsia: a feasibility study protocol. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:317-324. [PMID: 28951846 PMCID: PMC5605384 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT) has long been used for the treatment of severe weakness caused by general fatigue, loss of appetite, or indigestion. The aim of this feasibility study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of BZYQT for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) with spleen qi deficiency. Methods This study will be conducted at a single center as a prospective, nonrandomized, nonblinded, single-arm feasibility study. A total of 30 participants diagnosed with FD in accordance with the Rome III criteria will be enrolled. All patients will receive BZYQT for 4 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K) scores between the baseline and 4-week images. The secondary outcomes include the tongue coating thickness, blood parameters, and BZYQT Questionnaire score. The NDI-K score will be acquired four times, at Weeks 0 (baseline), 2 (during treatment), 4 (after treatment), and 8 (after follow-up). Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants prior to enrollment. This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital. This study protocol is registered with the national clinical trial registry of the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Results will be published in a journal and will be disseminated both electronically and in print. Discussion The results of this study may serve as a guide for researchers seeking to effectively evaluate the effects of BZYQT. Trial Registration No. KCT0002114 (date of registration: October 21, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Department of Biofunctional Medicine & Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun Ho Kim
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Hochu-ekki-to Treatment Improves Reproductive and Immune Modulation in the Stress-Induced Rat Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060978. [PMID: 28608837 PMCID: PMC6152635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional herbal medicine, Hochu-ekki-to, has been shown to have preventive effects on viral infection and stress. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of Hochu-ekki-to on two stress-related rat models of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and treatment groups, the latter of which were subjected to stress induced by exposure to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or cold temperatures. After these stress inductions, rats were orally treated with dissolved Hochu-ekki-to once per day for 7 days. Rats subjected to the two different stressors exhibited upregulation of steroid hormone receptors (in ovaries) and reproductive hormones (in blood), and consequent stimulation of abnormal follicle development accompanied by elevation of Hsp 90 expression (in ovaries). Treatment with Hochu-ekki-to for 7 days after stress induction increased immune functions, reduced the stress-induced activation of Hsp 90, and normalized the levels of the tested steroid hormone receptors and reproductive hormones. Our findings suggest that stress stimulations may promote the activation of Hsp 90 via the dysregulation of steroid hormone receptors and reproductive hormones, but that post-stress treatment with Hochu-ekki-to improves reproductive and immune functions in the ovaries of stressed rats.
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Takanashi K, Dan K, Kanzaki S, Hasegawa H, Watanabe K, Ogawa K. Hochuekkito, a Japanese Herbal Medicine, Restores Metabolic Homeostasis between Mitochondrial and Glycolytic Pathways Impaired by Influenza A Virus Infection. Pharmacology 2017; 99:240-249. [PMID: 28147362 DOI: 10.1159/000455918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hochuekkito (HKT), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine (Kampo), has been used to treat symptoms of several diseases. In a recent clinical study, HKT was shown to be protective against the influenza virus infection. However, the underlying mechanism of the prophylactic effect is not clear. Mitochondrial and glycolytic pathways play important roles in cellular energy metabolism to maintain biological functions. These metabolic pathways are affected by the influenza virus infection. In this study, we examined the relationship between the preventive effects of HKT against the influenza virus infection and cellular energy metabolism in mitochondria and glycolysis using Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus (IAV). METHODS Mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolic pathways were evaluated on the basis of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), respectively, using the XF24 Extracellular Analyzer. RESULTS The OCR/ECAR ratio in IAV-infected cells was lower than that in control cells. Cells that were treated with HKT before IAV infection showed a metabolic pattern similar to that in the control cells (increase in both OCR and ECAR). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HKT not only activates both mitochondrial and glycolytic energy metabolism in IAV-infected cells but also helps maintain metabolic homeostasis similar to that in noninfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Takanashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Gu SX, Zhang AL, Coyle ME, Chen D, Xue CC. Chinese herbal medicine for atopic eczema: an overview of clinical evidence. J DERMATOL TREAT 2016; 28:246-250. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2016.1214673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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SATO TETSUO, KITA KAZUKO, SATO CHIHOMI, KANEDA ATSUSHI. Hochu-ekki-to (Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang), a herbal medicine, enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6215-20. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Hu F, Zhu R, Liu X, Yang Y, Li C, Feng S, Li Y. Simultaneous determination of 10 components in Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi Wan by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and evaporative light scattering detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:736-41. [PMID: 25214498 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
An effective, accurate and reliable method for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 major components in Chinese medicine Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi Wan (BZYQW) was developed and validated using solid phase extraction column-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-evaporative light scattering detection (SPE-HPLC-DAD-ELSD). The chromatographic separation was performed on a Spursil™ C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at 30°C with an acetonitrile-water gradient as mobile phase. The DAD detection wavelength 254 nm was utilized for the quantitative analysis. The drift tube temperature and the carrier gas flow rate of the ELSD detection was set at 110.5°C and 3.1 mL/min. The total run time is 103 min, these determined components peak out within 81 min. Excellent linear behaviors over the investigated concentration ranges were observed with the values of r(2) higher than 0.9990 for all the analytes. The Linear range over hesperidin, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, ononin, calycosin, formononetin, ligustilide, butylene phthalide, astragaloside IV, astragaloside I is 4.50-94.50 µg/mL, 22.75-364.00 µg/mL, 2.30-45.00 µg/mL, 11.76-125.14 µg/mL, 4.62-50.35 µg/mL, 1.90-28.93 µg/mL, 1.29-159.00 µg/mL, 2.90-36.00 µg/mL, 35.40-192.40 µg/mL, 41.40-96.60 µg/mL, respectively. The method was validated by its repeatability [relative standard deviation (RSD) < 3.54%] and intra-day (RSD < 2.11%) and inter-day precision (RSD < 3.45%). The limits of detection and quantification of each component were in the ranges of 0.04-10.24 and 0.12-39.22 µg/mL, respectively. The average recovery yields of the 10 compounds ranged from 95.79 to 101.25%. The validated method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of these principal components in 10 commercial samples of BZYQW from different manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yinglai Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Can Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shilan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Gansu, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yingdong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Enomoto Y, Hagiwara E, Komatsu S, Nishihira R, Baba T, Kitamura H, Sekine A, Nakazawa A, Ogura T. Pilot quasi-randomized controlled study of herbal medicine Hochuekkito as an adjunct to conventional treatment for progressed pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104411. [PMID: 25093868 PMCID: PMC4122490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hochuekkito, a traditional herbal medicine, is occasionally prescribed in Japan to treat patients with a poor general condition. We aimed to examine whether this medicine was beneficial and tolerable for patients with progressed pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. Methods This pilot open-label quasi-randomized controlled trial enrolled 18 patients with progressed pulmonary MAC disease who had initiated antimycobacterial treatment over one year ago but were persistently culture-positive or intolerant. All patients continued their baseline treatment regimens with (n = 9) or without (n = 9) oral Hochuekkito for 24 weeks. Results Baseline characteristics were generally similar between the groups. Most patients were elderly (median age 70 years), female, had a low body mass index (<20 kg/m2), and a long-term disease duration (median approximately 8 years). After the 24-week treatment period, no patient achieved sputum conversion. Although the number of colonies in sputum tended to increase in the control group, it generally remained stable in the Hochuekkito group. Radiological disease control was frequently observed in the Hochuekkito group than the control group (8/9 vs. 3/9; p = 0.05). Patients in the Hochuekkito group tended to experience increase in body weight and serum albumin level compared with those in the control group (median body weight change: +0.4 kg vs. −0.8 kg; median albumin change: +0.2 g/dl vs. ±0.0 g/dl). No severe adverse events occurred. Conclusions Hochuekkito could be an effective, feasible adjunct to conventional therapy for patients with progressed pulmonary MAC disease. Future study is needed to explore this possibility. Trial Registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000009920
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Enomoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Eri Hagiwara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Komatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Baba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideya Kitamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akimasa Sekine
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakazawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subtypes in patients with end stage cancer administered localized radiotherapy and bojungikki-tang. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:207613. [PMID: 24696700 PMCID: PMC3950642 DOI: 10.1155/2014/207613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Localized radiotherapy (RT) can cause immune dysfunction. Bojungikki-tang is known to restore immune function. We investigated the absolute counts and percentages of peripheral blood (PB) lymphocyte subtypes in end stage cancer patients before and after RT and after oral administration of Bojungikki-tang water extract (BJITE) and to evaluate the changes mediated by RT and BJITE. Absolute counts and percentages of lymphocyte and lymphocyte subsets were determined in whole blood using the TetraONE System (Beckman Coulter, USA). Flow cytometry results were compared before and after RT and after administration of BJITE. Absolute numbers of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells decreased significantly after RT (P < 0.05). Absolute numbers of CD3-CD56+ cells did not change in both groups. No significant differences were observed in the absolute counts of lymphocyte subtypes before and after administration of BJITE or vitamin group. When BJITE group was compared with vitamin group, absolute numbers of CD19+ B cells increased. RT-induced decrease in T cells and B cells in PB suggests that immune deterioration occurs after RT. Administration of BJITE might be effective in the restoration of number of B cells.
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Abstract
Kampo medicines are currently manufactured under strict quality controls. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan has approved 148 Kampo formulas. There is increasing evidence for the efficacy of Kampo medicines, and some are used clinically for palliative care in Japan. The specific aim of this review is to evaluate the clinical use of Kampo medicines in palliative care in the treatment of cancer. The conclusions are as follows: Juzentaihoto inhibits the progression of liver tumors in a dose-dependent manner and contributes to long-term survival. Hochuekkito has clinical effects on cachexia for genitourinary cancer and improves the QOL and immunological status of weak patients, such as postoperative patients. Daikenchuto increases intestinal motility and decreases the postoperative symptoms of patients with total gastrectomy with jejunal pouch interposition, suppresses postoperative inflammation following surgery for colorectal cancer, and controls radiation-induced enteritis. Rikkunshito contributes to the amelioration of anorectic conditions in cancer cachexia-anorexia syndrome. Goshajinkigan and Shakuyakukanzoto reduce the neurotoxicity of patients with colorectal cancer who undergo oxaliplatin and FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil/folinic acid plus oxaliplatin) therapy. Hangeshashinto has the effect of preventing and alleviating diarrhea induced by CPT-11(irinotecan) and combination therapy with S-1/CPT-11. O’rengedokuto significantly improves mucositis caused by anticancer agents.
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Rosales-Mendoza S, Orellana-Escobedo L, Romero-Maldonado A, Decker EL, Reski R. The potential of Physcomitrella patens as a platform for the production of plant-based vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:203-12. [PMID: 24405402 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.872987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The moss Physcomitrella patens has a number of advantages for the production of biopharmaceuticals, including: i) availability of standardized conditions for cultivation in bioreactors; ii) not being part of the food chain; iii) high biosafety; iv) availability of highly efficient transformation methods; v) a haploid, fully sequenced genome providing genetic stability and uniform expression; vi) efficient gene targeting at the nuclear level allows for the generation of mutants with specific post-translational modifications (e.g., glycosylation patterns); and vii) oral formulations are a viable approach as no toxic effects are attributed to ingestion of this moss. In the light of this panorama, this opinion paper analyzes the possibilities of using P. patens for the production of oral vaccines and presents some specific cases where its use may represent significant progress in the field of plant-based vaccine development. The advantages represented by putative adjuvant effects of endogenous secondary metabolites and producing specific glycosylation patterns are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, 78210, México
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Zhao X, Lu Y, Tao Y, Huang Y, Wang D, Hu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Yu Y, Liu C. Salidroside liposome formulation enhances the activity of dendritic cells and immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Saiki I, Koizumi K, Goto H, Inujima A, Namiki T, Raimura M, Kogure T, Tatsumi T, Inoue H, Sakai S, Oka H, Fujimoto M, Hikiami H, Sakurai H, Shibahara N, Shimada Y, Origasa H. The long-term effects of a kampo medicine, juzentaihoto, on maintenance of antibody titer in elderly people after influenza vaccination. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:568074. [PMID: 24348705 PMCID: PMC3852084 DOI: 10.1155/2013/568074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a broad-ranging analysis of the adjuvant effect of a Kampo medicine, juzentaihoto (JTT), on influenza vaccination in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. In this study, the enhancing effect of JTT on antibody titer after influenza vaccination was studied for 28 weeks in elderly people who were in the high-risk group for influenza infection. In total, 91 subjects over 65 years old were recruited from four long-term-care facilities located in Chiba, Gunma, and Toyama prefectures in Japan. Participants were randomly assigned to the JTT and the control groups. Blood samples were taken at 4 weeks before vaccination, at the time of vaccination, and then at 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after vaccination. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against A/California/7/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), and B/Brisbane/60/2008 were then manually measured. A significant increase in HI titer against H3N2 was observed at week 8 after vaccination in the JTT group compared with the control group (P = 0.0229), and the HI titer of the JTT group significantly increased from 4 to 24 weeks (P = 0.0468), compared with the control group. In conclusion, our results indicated that JTT increased and prolonged antibody production against A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), in particular, after influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Saiki
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Keiichi Koizumi
- Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hirozo Goto
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Hokusei Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akiko Inujima
- Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takao Namiki
- Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Kogure
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Gunma Central & General Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tatsumi
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Gunma Central & General Hospital, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ninosawa Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- Department of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Oka
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Bayside Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujimoto
- Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hikiami
- Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Shibahara
- Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimada
- Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Origasa
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
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Combined administration of oseltamivir and hochu-ekki-to (TJ-41) dramatically decreases the viral load in lungs of senescence-accelerated mice during influenza virus infection. Arch Virol 2013; 159:267-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Park HJ, Kim DH, Park SJ, Kim JM, Ryu JH. Ginseng in traditional herbal prescriptions. J Ginseng Res 2013; 36:225-41. [PMID: 23717123 PMCID: PMC3659587 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer has been widely used as a tonic in traditional Korean, Chinese, and Japanese herbal medicines and in Western herbal preparations for thousands of years. In the past, ginseng was very rare and was considered to have mysterious powers. Today, the efficacy of drugs must be tested through well-designed clinical trials or meta-analyses, and ginseng is no exception. In the present review, we discuss the functions of ginseng described in historical documents and describe how these functions are taken into account in herbal prescriptions. We also discuss the findings of experimental pharmacological research on the functions of ginseng in ginseng-containing prescriptions and how these prescriptions have been applied in modern therapeutic interventions. The present review on the functions of ginseng in traditional prescriptions helps to demystify ginseng and, as a result, may contribute to expanding the use of ginseng or ginseng-containing prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jae Park
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Yan Z, Li T, Lv P, Li X, Zhou C, Yang X. Sensitive and reliable multianalyte quantitation of herbal medicine in rat plasma using dynamic triggered multiple reaction monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 928:22-31. [PMID: 23602927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing need both clinically and experimentally to improve the determination of the blood levels of multiple chemical constituents in herbal medicines. The conventional multiple reaction monitoring (cMRM), however, is not well suited for multi-component determination and could not provide qualitative information for identity confirmation. Here we apply a dynamic triggered MRM (DtMRM) algorithm for the quantification of 20 constituents in an herbal prescription Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT) in rat plasma. Dynamic MRM (DMRM) dramatically reduced the number of concurrent MRM transitions that are monitored during each MS scan. This advantage has been enhanced with the addition of triggered MRM (tMRM) for simultaneous confirmation, which maximizes the dwell time in the primary MRM quantitation phase, and also acquires sufficient MRM data to create a composite product ion spectrum. By allowing optimized collision energy for each product ion and maximizing dwell times, tMRM is significantly more sensitive and reliable than conventional product ion scanning. The DtMRM approach provides much higher sensitivity and reproducibility than cMRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Yan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
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Nakayama M, Sugiyama Y, Yamasawa H, Soda M, Mato N, Hosono T, Bando M. Effect of hochuekkito on alveolar macrophage inflammatory responses in hyperglycemic mice. Inflammation 2013; 35:1294-301. [PMID: 22367599 PMCID: PMC3397232 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus reduces immunological activity and increases susceptibility to various infections. Hochuekkito (TJ-41) has been reported to improve the weakened physical condition of various chronic diseases. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups; groups A and B were fed a standard diet, and group C, a TJ-41 diet. Two weeks after starting these diets, hyperglycemia was induced in groups B and C by injection with streptozotocin. Two weeks later, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (TLR2: peptidoglycan, PGN; TLR4: lipopolysaccharide, LPS; TLR5: flagellin, FLG) were used to stimulate alveolar macrophages (AMs), and TNF-α production was measured. Under hyperglycemic conditions and PGN or FLG stimulation, TNF-α production from AMs was significantly reduced in group B compared with group A. However, treatment with TJ-41 (group C) significantly improved the impaired production of TNF-α. These results suggest that, under hyperglycemic conditions, TJ-41 can improve the inflammatory responses of AMs with stimulation of TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakayama
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
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Hochuekkito (TJ-41), a Kampo Formula, Ameliorates Cachexia Induced by Colon 26 Adenocarcinoma in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:976926. [PMID: 23326296 PMCID: PMC3543823 DOI: 10.1155/2012/976926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia, a major cause of cancer-related death, is characterized by depletion of muscle and fat tissues, anorexia, asthenia, and hypoglycemia. Recent studies indicate that secretions of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) play a crucial role in cachexia development, and that these cytokines are secreted from not only cancer cells but also host cells such as macrophages. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of hochuekkito, a Kampo formula, on cachexia induced by colon 26 adenocarcinoma in mice. Hochuekkito treatment did not inhibit tumor growth, but significantly attenuated the reduction in carcass weight, food and water intake, weight of the gastrocnemius muscle and fat tissue around the testes, and decrease of serum triglyceride level compared with controls. Furthermore, hochuekkito treatment significantly reduced serum IL-6 level and IL-6 expression level in macrophages in tissues surrounding the tumor. In vitro studies showed that hochuekkito suppressed the production of IL-6 by THP-1 or RAW264.7 macrophage cells, although it did not affect IL-6 production by colon 26 carcinoma cells. These results suggest that hochuekkito inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6, by host cells such as macrophages. Therefore, hochuekkito may be a promising anticachectic agent for the treatment of patients with cancer.
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Xie MQ, Liu J, Long Z, Tian DF, Zhao CQ, Yang PC. Modulation of immune tolerance with a Chinese traditional prescription inhibits allergic rhinitis in mice. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 3:503-7. [PMID: 22361496 PMCID: PMC3271406 DOI: 10.4297/najms.2011.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases substantially affect human health and social economy. The pathogenesis is to be further understood. The effect of current therapeutic remedies on allergic diseases is not satisfactory. AIMS This study aimed to inhibit allergic rhinitis in a mouse model with a Chinese traditional medical prescription, Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang. MATERIAL AND METHODS A mouse AR model was developed with ovalbumin (OVA) plus adjuvant alum. The AR clinical symptoms and immune pathology in the nasal mucosa were assessed with the AR mouse model. Some mice were treated with Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang via gavage-fed. The immune tolerance status in the nasal mucosa was evaluated by counting the numbers of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) and regulatory T cells (Treg). RESULTS After exposure to the specific antigen, OVA, the sensitized mice had AR-like symptoms including nasal itch and sneeze. The frequency of mast cells, levels of IgE/IL-4 in nasal mucosa was markedly higher in sensitized mice than naïve controls; while the levels of integration alphavbeta6 (avb6), the number of tolerogenic DCs and Tregs in nasal mucosa were significantly lower than naïve control mice. The AR-like symptoms and immune pathology and immune tolerance status in the AR nasal mucosa were substantially improved by administration with Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang. CONCLUSIONS The immune tolerance status is impaired in the AR nasal mucosa that can be improved by administering with Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Qiang Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yao HT, Chang YW, Uramaru N, Watanabe Y, Kitamura S, Kuo YH, Lii CK, Yeh TK. Effects of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and plasma tolbutamide concentration in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:121-128. [PMID: 22564357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BT) is the dry powder derived from the aqueous extract of a mixture of 10 medicinal herbs. It is a traditional Chinese medicine being used for the treatment of various immune-related diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of BT on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and its effect on plasma concentrations of tolbutamide, a substrate of CYP2C, in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS EXP 1: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Rats were fed a control diet and a control diet containing 1, 2.5 and 5% (w/w) of BT, respectively, for eight weeks. The activities of the major CYP and Phase II conjugating enzymes in rat liver microsomes as well as the antioxidant system in rat liver were assessed. Exp 2: Male Wistar rats were fed a control diet or a control diet containing 2.5% of BT, respectively, for eight weeks. A single 20-mg/kg oral dose of tolbutamide was then administered to each rat. Plasma samples were collected from each rat at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8h after dosing. The concentrations of tolbutamide and glucose level in plasma were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (HPLC/MS) and enzymatic method, respectively. RESULTS Significant decrease in microsomal CYP2C-catalyzed diclofenac 4-hydroxylation in the liver of rats fed the BT diet was observed. Increased UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were also observed in the liver of rats fed the diet containing 2.5 and 5% of BT. Immunoblot analyses also showed decreases of CYP2C11 proteins in the liver of BT fed rats. In addition, rats fed the 2.5% BT diet for eight weeks had no effects on the disposition of tolbutamide and reduction of glucose level in plasma after orally administered of tolbutamide. CONCLUSIONS Rats fed the BT diet for eight weeks may decrease CYP2C enzyme activity and protein expression and increase Phase II conjugating enzyme activities in liver. However, BT may not affect the disposition and efficacy of tolbutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Rollinger JM, Schmidtke M. The human rhinovirus: human-pathological impact, mechanisms of antirhinoviral agents, and strategies for their discovery. Med Res Rev 2011; 31:42-92. [PMID: 19714577 PMCID: PMC7168442 DOI: 10.1002/med.20176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As the major etiological agent of the common cold, human rhinoviruses (HRV) cause millions of lost working and school days annually. Moreover, clinical studies proved an association between harmless upper respiratory tract infections and more severe diseases e.g. sinusitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both the medicinal and socio-economic impact of HRV infections and the lack of antiviral drugs substantiate the need for intensive antiviral research. A common structural feature of the approximately 100 HRV serotypes is the icosahedrally shaped capsid formed by 60 identical copies of viral capsid proteins VP1-4. The capsid protects the single-stranded, positive sense RNA genome of about 7,400 bases in length. Both structural as well as nonstructural proteins produced during the viral life cycle have been identified as potential targets for blocking viral replication at the step of attachment, entry, uncoating, RNA and protein synthesis by synthetic or natural compounds. Moreover, interferon and phytoceuticals were shown to protect host cells. Most of the known inhibitors of HRV replication were discovered as a result of empirical or semi-empirical screening in cell culture. Structure-activity relationship studies are used for hit optimization and lead structure discovery. The increasing structural insight and molecular understanding of viral proteins on the one hand and the advent of innovative computer-assisted technologies on the other hand have facilitated a rationalized access for the discovery of small chemical entities with antirhinoviral (anti-HRV) activity. This review will (i) summarize existing structural knowledge about HRV, (ii) focus on mechanisms of anti-HRV agents from synthetic and natural origin, and (iii) demonstrate strategies for efficient lead structure discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Rollinger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Chiu K, Chan HC, Yeung SC, Yuen WH, Zee SY, Chang RCC, So KF. Erratum: Modulation of microglia by Wolfberry on the survival of retinal ganglion cells in a rat ocular hypertension model. J Ocul Biol Dis Infor 2009; 2:127-136. [PMID: 20046845 PMCID: PMC2798983 DOI: 10.1007/s12177-009-9035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The active component of Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum), lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), has been shown to be neuroprotective to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) against ocular hypertension (OH). Aiming to study whether this neuroprotection is mediated via modulating immune cells in the retina, we used multiphoton confocal microscopy to investigate morphological changes of microglia in whole-mounted retinas. Retinas under OH displayed slightly activated microglia. One to 100 mg/kg LBP exerted the best neuroprotection and elicited moderately activated microglia in the inner retina with ramified appearance but thicker and focally enlarged processes. Intravitreous injection of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased the survival of RGCs at 4 weeks, and the activated microglia exhibited amoeboid appearance as fully activated phenotype. When activation of microglia was attenuated by intravitreous injection of macrophage/microglia inhibitory factor, protective effect of 10 mg/kg LBP was attenuated. The results implicated that neuroprotective effects of LBP were partly due to modulating the activation of microglia.[This corrects the article on p. in vol. .].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Chiu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hiu-Chi Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sze-Chun Yeung
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai-Hung Yuen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sze-Yong Zee
- United College, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
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Chiu K, Chan HC, Yeung SC, Yuen WH, Zee SY, Chang RCC, So KF. Modulation of microglia by Wolfberry on the survival of retinal ganglion cells in a rat ocular hypertension model. J Ocul Biol Dis Infor 2009; 2:47-56. [PMID: 19672466 PMCID: PMC2723674 DOI: 10.1007/s12177-009-9023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The active component of Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum), lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), has been shown to be neuroprotective to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) against ocular hypertension (OH). Aiming to study whether this neuroprotection is mediated via modulating immune cells in the retina, we used multiphoton confocal microscopy to investigate morphological changes of microglia in whole-mounted retinas. Retinas under OH displayed slightly activated microglia. One to 100 mg/kg LBP exerted the best neuroprotection and elicited moderately activated microglia in the inner retina with ramified appearance but thicker and focally enlarged processes. Intravitreous injection of lipopolysaccharide decreased the survival of RGCs at 4 weeks, and the activated microglia exhibited amoeboid appearance as fully activated phenotype. When activation of microglia was attenuated by intravitreous injection of macrophage/microglia inhibitory factor, protective effect of 10 mg/kg LBP was attenuated. The results implicated that neuroprotective effects of LBP were partly due to modulating the activation of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Chiu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hiu-Chi Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sze-Chun Yeung
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai-Hung Yuen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sze-Yong Zee
- United College, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
- Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Rm. L1-49, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
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Tatsumi K, Shinozuka N, Nakayama K, Sekiya N, Kuriyama T, Fukuchi Y. Hochuekkito improves systemic inflammation and nutritional status in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009; 57:169-70. [PMID: 19170793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sakure S, Negi VD, Mitra SK, Nandakumar KS, Chakravortty D. Vaccine with herbal adjuvant—A better cocktail to combat the infection. Vaccine 2008; 26:3387-8. [PMID: 18502004 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Preventive effect of a traditional herbal medicine, Hochu-ekki-to, on immunosuppression induced by surgical stress. Surg Today 2008; 38:316-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-007-3631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chang RCC, So KF. Use of anti-aging herbal medicine, Lycium barbarum, against aging-associated diseases. What do we know so far? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2007; 28:643-52. [PMID: 17710531 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-007-9181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum (Gouqizi, Fructus Lycii, Wolfberry) is well known for nourishing the liver, and in turn, improving the eyesight. However, many people have forgotten its anti-aging properties. Valuable components of L. barbarum are not limited to its colored components containing zeaxanthin and carotene, but include the polysaccharides and small molecules such as betaine, cerebroside, beta-sitosterol, p-coumaric, and various vitamins. Despite the fact that L. barbarum has been used for centuries, its beneficial effects to our bodies have not been comprehensively studied with modern technology to unravel its therapeutic effects at the biochemical level. Recently, our laboratory has demonstrated its neuroprotective effects to counter neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Polysaccharides extracted from L. barbarum can protect neurons against beta-amyloid peptide toxicity in neuronal cell cultures, and retinal ganglion cells in an experimental model of glaucoma. We have even isolated the active component of polysaccharide which can attenuate stress kinases and pro-apoptotic signaling pathways. We have accumulated scientific evidence for its anti-aging effects that should be highlighted for modern preventive medicine. This review is to provide background information and a new direction of study for the anti-aging properties of L. barbarum. We hope that new findings for L. barbarum will pave a new avenue for the use of Chinese medicine in modern evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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