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Cunha LER, Stolet AA, Strauch MA, Pereira VA, Dumard CH, Gomes AM, Monteiro FL, Higa LM, Souza PN, Fonseca JG, Pontes FE, Meirelles LG, Albuquerque JW, Sacramento CQ, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Lima TM, Alvim RG, Marsili FF, Caldeira MM, Zingali RB, de Oliveira GA, Souza TM, Silva AS, Muller R, Rodrigues DDRF, Jesus da Costa L, Alves ADR, Pinto MA, Oliveira AC, Guedes HL, Tanuri A, Castilho LR, Silva JL. Polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies raised against the spike protein neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants with high potency. iScience 2021; 24:103315. [PMID: 34723156 PMCID: PMC8539203 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We used the recombinant trimeric spike (S) glycoprotein in the prefusion conformation to immunize horses for the production of hyperimmune globulins against SARS-CoV-2. Serum antibody titers measured by ELISA were above 1:106, and the neutralizing antibody titer against authentic virus (WT) was 1:14,604 (average PRNT90). Plasma from immunized animals was pepsin digested to remove the Fc portion and purified, yielding an F(ab')2 preparation with PRNT90 titers 150-fold higher than the neutralizing titers in human convalescent plasma. Challenge studies were carried out in hamsters and showed the in vivo ability of equine F(ab')2 to reduce viral load in the pulmonary tissues and significant clinical improvement determined by weight gain. The neutralization curve by F(ab')2 was similar against the WT and P.2 variants, but displaced to higher concentrations by 0.39 log units against the P.1 (Gamma) variant. These results support the possibility of using equine F(ab')2 preparation for the clinical treatment of COVID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victor A.R. Pereira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. Dumard
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Andre M.O. Gomes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Fábio L. Monteiro
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Luiza M. Higa
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Tulio M. Lima
- Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Renata G.F. Alvim
- Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Federico F. Marsili
- Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Marcella Moreira Caldeira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Russolina B. Zingali
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A.P. de Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago M.L. Souza
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S. Silva
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology (LADTV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Muller
- Animal Experimentation Laboratory (LAEAN), Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela del Rosário Flores Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology (LADTV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Jesus da Costa
- Department of Virology, Laboratory of Genetics and Immunology of Viral Infections, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941902 , Brazil
| | - Arthur Daniel R. Alves
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology (LADTV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Pinto
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology (LADTV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Andréa C. Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Herbert L.M. Guedes
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
- Immunobiotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Medical Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Leda R. Castilho
- Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Jerson L. Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
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Zhang J, Cui D, Zuo Y, Zheng Z, Wu F, Li W, Zhang Y, Huo S, Li N, Li L, Guan Y, Zhong F. Donkey-derived anti-CDV IgG, as a passive immunotherapy agent, can effectively increase survival rates of the experimental CDV-infected dogs. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:266. [PMID: 34362358 PMCID: PMC8344326 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humoral immunity plays an important role in the prevention of canine distemper. Anti-CD virus (CDV) antibody has strong antiviral activity and is widely used in the treatment of CD. However, with the increase of CD cases, the availability of therapeutic CD antibody fell short of the clinical needs. RESULTS The high-titer antiserum with the high-titer neutralizing activity against CDV was obtained from the donkeys (Dezhou Donkey) immunized with the inactivated CDV vaccine. The donkey anti-CDV IgG was purified from the donkey serum, which was identified to significantly inhibit the CDV replication in the cultured Vero cells and effectively reduce the clinical symptoms and increase the survival rates (75%) of CDV-infected dogs (Shih-tzu Dog), similar to that treated with the dog-derived anti-CDV IgG. These results indicate that donkey-derived IgG is a potential substitute for dog-derived IgG to treat the CD in clinic. CONCLUSIONS Administration of donkey-derived anti-CDV IgG can ameliorate clinical symptoms and inhibit virus replication, thereby increasing the survival of CDV-infected dogs. This study opens up a new source of therapeutic antibody for CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlou Zhang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Streat, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Cui
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Streat, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yuzhu Zuo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Streat, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zheng
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Streat, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Fengyang Wu
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Streat, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Streat, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University, 342 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Streat, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Shanshan Huo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Streat, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Streat, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Lanhui Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Streat, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yueqiang Guan
- School of Life Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Fei Zhong
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Streat, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.
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Immunotherapeutic Efficacy of IgY Antibodies Targeting the Full-Length Spike Protein in an Animal Model of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. PHARMACEUTICALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021. [PMID: 34073502 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060511.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identified in 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe and often fatal acute respiratory illness in humans. No approved prophylactic or therapeutic interventions are currently available. In this study, we developed chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY Abs) specific to the MERS-CoV spike (S) protein and evaluated their neutralizing efficiency against MERS-CoV infection. S-specific IgY Abs were produced by injecting chickens with the purified recombinant S protein of MERS-CoV at a high titer (4.4 mg/mL per egg yolk) at week 7 post immunization. Western blotting and immune-dot blot assays demonstrated specific binding to the MERS-CoV S protein. In vitro neutralization of the generated IgY Abs against MERS-CoV was evaluated and showed a 50% neutralizing concentration of 51.42 μg/mL. In vivo testing using a human-transgenic mouse model showed a reduction of viral antigen positive cells in treated mice, compared to the adjuvant-only controls. Moreover, the lung cells of the treated mice showed significantly reduced inflammation, compared to the controls. Our results show efficient neutralization of MERS-CoV infection both in vitro and in vivo using S-specific IgY Abs. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficiency of the IgY Abs in camels and humans.
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El-Kafrawy SA, Abbas AT, Sohrab SS, Tabll AA, Hassan AM, Iwata-Yoshikawa N, Nagata N, Azhar EI. Immunotherapeutic Efficacy of IgY Antibodies Targeting the Full-Length Spike Protein in an Animal Model of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060511. [PMID: 34073502 PMCID: PMC8229159 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identified in 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe and often fatal acute respiratory illness in humans. No approved prophylactic or therapeutic interventions are currently available. In this study, we developed chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY Abs) specific to the MERS-CoV spike (S) protein and evaluated their neutralizing efficiency against MERS-CoV infection. S-specific IgY Abs were produced by injecting chickens with the purified recombinant S protein of MERS-CoV at a high titer (4.4 mg/mL per egg yolk) at week 7 post immunization. Western blotting and immune-dot blot assays demonstrated specific binding to the MERS-CoV S protein. In vitro neutralization of the generated IgY Abs against MERS-CoV was evaluated and showed a 50% neutralizing concentration of 51.42 μg/mL. In vivo testing using a human-transgenic mouse model showed a reduction of viral antigen positive cells in treated mice, compared to the adjuvant-only controls. Moreover, the lung cells of the treated mice showed significantly reduced inflammation, compared to the controls. Our results show efficient neutralization of MERS-CoV infection both in vitro and in vivo using S-specific IgY Abs. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficiency of the IgY Abs in camels and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (S.S.S.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymn T. Abbas
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (S.S.S.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Gastroenterology, Surgery Centre, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.T.A.); (E.I.A.); Tel.: +966-546-315-514 (A.T.A.); +966-566-615-222 (E.I.A.)
| | - Sayed S. Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (S.S.S.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A. Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt;
- Department of Immunology, Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (S.S.S.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (N.I.-Y.); (N.N.)
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (N.I.-Y.); (N.N.)
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (S.S.S.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.T.A.); (E.I.A.); Tel.: +966-546-315-514 (A.T.A.); +966-566-615-222 (E.I.A.)
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León G, Herrera M, Vargas M, Arguedas M, Sánchez A, Segura Á, Gómez A, Solano G, Corrales-Aguilar E, Risner K, Narayanan A, Bailey C, Villalta M, Hernández A, Sánchez A, Cordero D, Solano D, Durán G, Segura E, Cerdas M, Umaña D, Moscoso E, Estrada R, Gutiérrez J, Méndez M, Castillo AC, Sánchez L, Sánchez R, Gutiérrez JM, Díaz C, Alape A. Development and characterization of two equine formulations towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9825. [PMID: 33972631 PMCID: PMC8110969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current global emergency due to SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, passive immunotherapy emerges as a promising treatment for COVID-19. Among animal-derived products, equine formulations are still the cornerstone therapy for treating envenomations due to animal bites and stings. Therefore, drawing upon decades of experience in manufacturing snake antivenom, we developed and preclinically evaluated two anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal equine formulations as potential alternative therapy for COVID-19. We immunized two groups of horses with either S1 (anti-S1) or a mixture of S1, N, and SEM mosaic (anti-Mix) viral recombinant proteins. Horses reached a maximum anti-viral antibody level at 7 weeks following priming, and showed no major adverse acute or chronic clinical alterations. Two whole-IgG formulations were prepared via hyperimmune plasma precipitation with caprylic acid and then formulated for parenteral use. Both preparations had similar physicochemical and microbiological quality and showed ELISA immunoreactivity towards S1 protein and the receptor binding domain (RBD). The anti-Mix formulation also presented immunoreactivity against N protein. Due to high anti-S1 and anti-RBD antibody content, final products exhibited high in vitro neutralizing capacity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 80 times higher than a pool of human convalescent plasma. Pre-clinical quality profiles were similar among both products, but clinical efficacy and safety must be tested in clinical trials. The technological strategy we describe here can be adapted by other producers, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo León
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - María Herrera
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mariángela Vargas
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Mauricio Arguedas
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Andrés Sánchez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Álvaro Segura
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Aarón Gómez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Gabriela Solano
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Eugenia Corrales-Aguilar
- Virology-CIET (Research Center for Tropical Diseases), Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Kenneth Risner
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Virginia, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Virginia, USA
| | - Charles Bailey
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Virginia, USA
| | - Mauren Villalta
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Andrés Hernández
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Adriana Sánchez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniel Cordero
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniela Solano
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Gina Durán
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo Segura
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Maykel Cerdas
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Deibid Umaña
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Edwin Moscoso
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ricardo Estrada
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jairo Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marcos Méndez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ana Cecilia Castillo
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ronald Sánchez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Cecilia Díaz
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alberto Alape
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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6
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da Costa CBP, Martins FJ, da Cunha LER, Ratcliffe NA, Cisne de Paula R, Castro HC. COVID-19 and Hyperimmune sera: A feasible plan B to fight against coronavirus. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107220. [PMID: 33302034 PMCID: PMC7678452 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the very beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, different treatment strategies have been explored. These mainly involve the development of antimicrobial, antiviral, and/or anti-inflammatory agents as well as vaccine production. However, other potential options should be more avidly investigated since vaccine production on a worldwide level, and the anti-vaccination movement, also known as anti-vax or vaccine hesitancy by many communities, are still real obstacles without a ready solution. This review presents recent findings on the potential therapeutic advantages of heterologous serotherapy for the treatment of COVID-19. We present not only the effective use in animal models of hyperimmune sera against this coronavirus but also strategies, and protocols for the production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 sera. Promising antigens are also indicated such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which is already in phase 2/3 clinical trial, and the trimeric protein S, which was shown to be up to 150 times more potent than the serum from convalescent donors. Due to the high death rate, the treatment for those currently infected with coronavirus cannot be ignored. Therefore, the potential use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 hyperimmune sera should be carefully but urgently evaluated in phase 2/3 clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B P da Costa
- Instituto Vital Brazil, Niterói, RJ 24230-410, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, RJ 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Francislene J Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, RJ 24210-130, Brazil
| | | | - Norman A Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, RJ 24210-130, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA28PP, UK
| | - Rafael Cisne de Paula
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, RJ 24210-130, Brazil.
| | - Helena C Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, RJ 24210-130, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, HUAP, UFF, RJ 24210-130, Brazil.
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Osuchowski MF, Aletti F, Cavaillon JM, Flohé SB, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Huber-Lang M, Relja B, Skirecki T, Szabó A, Maegele M. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evolving Reality, Global Response, Knowledge Gaps, and Opportunities. Shock 2020; 54:416-437. [PMID: 32433217 PMCID: PMC7363382 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 3 billion people around the world have gone into some form of social separation to mitigate the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The uncontrolled influx of patients in need of emergency care has rapidly brought several national health systems to near-collapse with deadly consequences to those afflicted by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other critical diseases associated with COVID-19. Solid scientific evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 remains scarce; there is an urgent need to expand our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology to facilitate precise and targeted treatments. The capacity for rapid information dissemination has emerged as a double-edged sword; the existing gap of high-quality data is frequently filled by anecdotal reports, contradictory statements, and misinformation. This review addresses several important aspects unique to the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic highlighting the most relevant knowledge gaps and existing windows-of-opportunity. Specifically, focus is given on SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis in the context of experimental therapies and preclinical evidence and their applicability in supporting efficacious clinical trial planning. The review discusses the existing challenges of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics and the potential application of translational technology for epidemiological predictions, patient monitoring, and treatment decision-making in COVID-19. Furthermore, solutions for enhancing international strategies in translational research, cooperative networks, and regulatory partnerships are contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin F. Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Federico Aletti
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Stefanie B. Flohé
- Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marc Maegele
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Campus, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Campus, Cologne, Germany
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8
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Zhao Y, Zheng X, He S, Li Y, Wang W, Gai W, Wong G, Wang H, Yan F, Xue F, Feng N, Wang T, Gao Y, Yang S, Qiu X, Xia X. Equine immunoglobulin F(ab') 2 fragments protect mice from Rift Valley fever virus infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:217-222. [PMID: 30199846 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging arbovirus in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, in which infection with RVFV poses a serious threat to humans and livestock globally. Approved treatments for RVFV infection, especially for use in humans, have not yet been developed. There is an urgent need for effective drugs to prevent RVFV disease. METHODS In previous study, we developed RVFV virus like particles (VLPs) expressing the surface glycoproteins Gn and Gc. The morphology was shown to be similar to live RVFV under electron microscopy. In this study, we immunized horses with RVFV VLPs, prepared the immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragments, and characterized its in vitro neutralization and in vivo efficacy in mice. RESULTS F(ab')2 was found to potently neutralize RVFV in VeroE6 cells, and passive transfer of immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragments resulting in reduced mortality in RVFV infected mice. CONCLUSION Our results show that passive immunotherapy with equine immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragments is a promising strategy to treat RVFV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Zhao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg R3E3R2, Canada
| | - Yuetao Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Weiwei Gai
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Gary Wong
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg R3E3R2, Canada
| | - Hualei Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Feng Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Na Feng
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg R3E3R2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0J9, Canada.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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9
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Cui J, Zhao Y, Wang H, Qiu B, Cao Z, Li Q, Zhang Y, Yan F, Jin H, Wang T, Sun W, Feng N, Gao Y, Sun J, Wang Y, Perlman S, Zhao J, Yang S, Xia X. Equine Immunoglobulin and Equine Neutralizing F(ab')₂ Protect Mice from West Nile Virus Infection. Viruses 2016; 8:v8120332. [PMID: 27999340 PMCID: PMC5192393 DOI: 10.3390/v8120332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is prevalent in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, West Asia, and North America, and causes epidemic encephalitis. To date, no effective therapy for WNV infection has been developed; therefore, there is urgent need to find an efficient method to prevent WNV disease. In this study, we prepared and evaluated the protective efficacy of immune serum IgG and pepsin-digested F(ab′)2 fragments from horses immunized with the WNV virus-like particles (VLP) expressing the WNV M and E proteins. Immune equine F(ab′)2 fragments and immune horse sera efficiently neutralized WNV infection in tissue culture. The passive transfer of equine immune antibodies significantly accelerated the virus clearance in the spleens and brains of WNV infected mice, and reduced mortality. Thus, equine immunoglobulin or equine neutralizing F(ab′)2 passive immunotherapy is a potential strategy for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of patients infected with WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Hualei Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Boning Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Zengguo Cao
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Feihu Yan
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Hongli Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Na Feng
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Yanqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Songtao Yang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Wahid B, Ali A, Idrees M, Rafique S. Immunotherapeutic strategies for sexually transmitted viral infections: HIV, HSV and HPV. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:1-13. [PMID: 27514252 PMCID: PMC7124316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired each day globally. Etiotropic drugs cannot effectively control infectious diseases therefore, there is a dire need to explore alternative strategies especially those based on the regulation of immune system. The review discusses all rational approaches to develop better understanding towards immunotherapeutic strategies based on modulation of immune system in an attempt to curb the elevating risk of infectious diseases such as HIV, HPV and HSV because of their high prevalence. Development of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and several other immune based treatments are promising alternative strategies that are offering new opportunities to eradicate pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braira Wahid
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Amjad Ali
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Vice Chancellor Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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11
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Zhao Y, Wang C, Qiu B, Li C, Wang H, Jin H, Gai W, Zheng X, Wang T, Sun W, Yan F, Gao Y, Wang Q, Yan J, Chen L, Perlman S, Zhong N, Zhao J, Yang S, Xia X. Passive immunotherapy for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection with equine immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragments in a mouse model. Antiviral Res 2016; 137:125-130. [PMID: 27890674 PMCID: PMC7113855 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a highly lethal pulmonary infection caused by a coronavirus (CoV), MERS-CoV. With the continuing spread of MERS-CoV, prophylactic and therapeutic treatments are urgently needed. In this study, we prepared purified equine F(ab’)2 from horses immunized with MERS-CoV virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing MERS-CoV S, M and E proteins. Both IgG and F(ab’)2 efficiently neutralized MERS-CoV replication in tissue culture. Passive transfer of equine immune antibodies significantly reduced virus titers and accelerated virus clearance from the lungs of MERS-CoV infected mice. Our data show that horses immunized with MERS-CoV VLPs can serve as a primary source of protective F(ab’)2 for potential use in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of exposed or infected patients. Healthy horses immunized with MERS-CoV virus-like particles rapidly generate high titers of virus neutralizing antibodies. Passive transfer of equine immune antibodies significantly reduced virus titers from the lungs of MERS-CoV infected mice. F(ab’)2 fragments prepared by digestion of antibody with pepsin to reduce possible allergic responses. Equine immune antibodies are polyclonal and recognize more antigen determinants in MERS-CoV spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Boning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chufang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Gai
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Departments of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
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12
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Dixit R, Herz J, Dalton R, Booy R. Benefits of using heterologous polyclonal antibodies and potential applications to new and undertreated infectious pathogens. Vaccine 2016; 34:1152-61. [PMID: 26802604 PMCID: PMC7131169 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive immunotherapy using polyclonal antibodies (immunoglobulins) has been used for over a century in the treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of various infections and toxins. Heterologous polyclonal antibodies are obtained from animals hyperimmunised with a pathogen or toxin. AIMS The aims of this review are to examine the history of animal polyclonal antibody therapy use, their development into safe and effective products and the potential application to humans for emerging and neglected infectious diseases. METHODS A literature search of OVID Medline and OVID Embase databases was undertaken to identify articles on the safety, efficacy and ongoing development of polyclonal antibodies. The search contained database-specific MeSH and EMTREE terms in combination with pertinent text-words: polyclonal antibodies and rare/neglected diseases, antivenins, immunoglobulins, serum sickness, anaphylaxis, drug safety, post marketing surveillance, rabies, human influenza, Dengue, West Nile, Nipah, Hendra, Marburg, MERS, Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, and Crimean-Congo. No language limits were applied. The final search was completed on 20.06.2015. Of 1960 articles, title searches excluded many irrelevant articles, yielding 303 articles read in full. Of these, 179 are referenced in this study. RESULTS Serum therapy was first used in the 1890s against diphtheria. Early preparation techniques yielded products contaminated with reactogenic animal proteins. The introduction of enzymatic digestion, and purification techniques substantially improved their safety profile. The removal of the Fc fragment of antibodies further reduces hypersensitivity reactions. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of polyclonal antibodies against various infections, toxins and venoms. Products are being developed against infections for which prophylactic and therapeutic options are currently limited, such as avian influenza, Ebola and other zoonotic viruses. CONCLUSIONS Polyclonal antibodies have been successfully applied to rabies, envenomation and intoxication. Polyclonal production provides an exciting opportunity to revolutionise the prognosis of both longstanding neglected tropical diseases as well as emerging infectious threats to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Dixit
- The Children's Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | - Robert Booy
- The Children's Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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Protection from infection with influenza A H7N9 virus in a mouse model by equine neutralizing F(ab')2. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:134-8. [PMID: 25192652 PMCID: PMC7106124 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A H7N9 virus has demonstrated considerable pandemic potential in China ever since early spring 2013. Until now, there have been no specific medicines to treat influenza A H7N9 virus infected patients. Development of a safe and effective H7N9 therapeutic preparation is urgently needed. To this end, we prepared and evaluated the pepsin-digested F(ab′)2 fragments of serum IgGs from the horses inoculated with a inactivated influenza A H7N9 whole virus antigens. The protective effects of the F(ab′)2 fragments against H7N9 virus infection were determined in cultured MDCK cells by cytopathic effect (CPE) and evaluated in a BALB/c mouse model by observing death, weight loss and viral load. The in vitro results showed that the F(ab′)2 fragments had an HI titer of 1:2048 and a neutralization titer of 1: 31,623. The in vivo assays suggested that 600U of the preparations could efficiently protect BALB/c mice from a lethal dose of A/Anhui/01/2013 (H7N9) infection even when administered two days post infection. Thus, this highly purified preparation should be a potential candidate for treating severe patients suffering from influenza A H7N9.
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Barnard DL, Kumaki Y. Recent developments in anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus chemotherapy. Future Virol 2011; 6:615-631. [PMID: 21765859 DOI: 10.2217/fvl.11.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in early 2003 to cause a very severe acute respiratory syndrome, which eventually resulted in a 10% case-fatality rate. Owing to excellent public health measures that isolated focus cases and their contacts, and the use of supportive therapies, the epidemic was suppressed to the point that further cases have not appeared since 2005. However, despite intensive research since then (over 3500 publications), it remains an untreatable disease. The potential for re-emergence of the SARS-CoV or a similar virus with unknown but potentially serious consequences remains high. This is due in part to the extreme genetic variability of RNA viruses such as the coronaviruses, the many animal reservoirs that seem to be able host the SARS-CoV in which reassortment or recombination events could occur and the ability coronaviruses have to transmit relatively rapidly from species to species in a short period of time. Thus, it seems prudent to continue to explore and develop antiviral chemotherapies to treat SARS-CoV infections. To this end, the various efficacious anti-SARS-CoV therapies recently published from 2007 to 2010 are reviewed in this article. In addition, compounds that have been tested in various animal models and were found to reduce virus lung titers and/or were protective against death in lethal models of disease, or otherwise have been shown to ameliorate the effects of viral infection, are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale L Barnard
- Utah State University, Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy & Veterinary Science, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Abstract
Emerging pathogens are either new or newly recognized or those that are increasing in incidence and spread. Since the identity of emerging pathogens from animal reservoirs is difficult to predict, the development for pathogen-specific therapeutics and vaccines is problematic. The highly pathogenic SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged from zoonotic pools in 2002 to cause a global epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Many patients with SARS-CoV experienced an exacerbated form of disease called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen and half of these patients died. Similar to other viral pathogens like influenza and West Nile Virus, the severity of SARS-CoV disease increased with age. Unfortunately, successful vaccination in the most vulnerable populations is a difficult task because of immunological deficiencies associated with aging (immune senescence). Due to the rapidity of virus emergence, technologies like synthetic biology can be harnessed to facilitate rapid recombinant virus construction for studying the novel virus biology, pathogenesis and the evaluation of therapeutic interventions. Since predicting the antigenic identity of future emergence is difficult, candidate vaccines and therapeutics should have a maximal breadth of cross-protection, and panels of antigenically divergent synthetically reconstructed viruses can be used as tools for this evaluation. We discuss how synthetic reconstruction of many animal and human SARS-CoV has provided a model to study the molecular mechanisms governing emergence and pathogenesis of viral diseases. In addition, we review the evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of epidemic and zoonotic SARS-CoV with focus on the development of broadly reactive therapeutics and vaccines that protect aged populations from the zoonotic pool.
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Spatial Components in Disease Modelling. COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS – ICCSA 2010 2010. [PMCID: PMC7122710 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12156-2_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Recent antiviral strategies against human coronavirus-related respiratory illnesses. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2008; 14:248-53. [PMID: 18427249 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e3282f7646f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current research (2006-2007) concerning the development of novel anticoronaviral strategies and compounds. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research led to the identification of several novel agents inhibiting coronaviral replication. The most promising compounds include carbohydrate-binding agents, neutralizing antibodies and drugs targeting a coronaviral envelope protein. SUMMARY Although initial outbreaks of coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) were controlled by public health measures, the development of vaccines and antiviral agents for SARS-CoV is essential for improving control and treatment of future outbreaks. Four years after the SARS-CoV epidemic, several compounds with an anticoronaviral activity have been identified.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2008; 14:266-73. [DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e3282ff8c19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu Y, Jia Z, Zhou L, Wang L, Li J, Liang Y, Zhao T, Ni B, Wu Y. Evaluation of the safety, immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics of equine anti-SARS-CoV F(ab')(2) in macaque. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:1834-40. [PMID: 17996696 PMCID: PMC7106090 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2007] [Revised: 09/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To warrant potential clinical testing, the equine anti-SARS-CoV F(ab')(2) requires evaluation in as many animal models as possible and a safety test in a primate model. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics, tolerance and immunity of this kind of antibody in macaques and rats. Results showed that the F(ab')(2) fragments had a normal metabolism in injected animals. The general physiological indexes did not differ between animals injected with anti-SARS-CoV F(ab')(2) or saline. However, a mild inflammatory response in local injection site and a moderate immune response against this antibody in the successively injected animals were observed, which however recovered 3 weeks after the last injection. The antibody titring from 1:100 to 400 against the equine anti-SARS-CoV F(ab')(2) in the inoculated hosts could be detected at week 2 during the successive injections of the equine F(ab')(2). The considerable safety of this antibody used in primates and the fact that the immune system of the host can be motivated by post-injection of the F(ab')(2) indicate that this type of anti-SARS-CoV antibody can be used for prevention and treatment of SASR, especially at the early stage of this virus infection. In addition, it can also provide the precious time for the combined use of other anti-SARS-CoV agents such as antiviral drug and vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
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Zhao G, Ni B, Jiang H, Luo D, Pacal M, Zhou L, Zhang L, Xing L, Zhang L, Jia Z, Lin Z, Wang L, Li J, Liang Y, Shi X, Zhao T, Zhou L, Wu Y, Wang X. Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection by equine neutralizing antibody in golden Syrian hamsters. Viral Immunol 2007; 20:197-205. [PMID: 17425434 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2006.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus F(ab')(2) has been verified to protect mice from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). However, before potential clinical application, the antibody needs to be tested in as many animal models as possible to ensure its safety and efficiency. In this study, after verification by various methods that the golden Syrian hamster constitutes a model susceptible to SARS-CoV infection, we confirmed that the antibody could protect animals completely from SARS-CoV infection in the preventive setting. More importantly, the antibody could reduce viral titers or copies by approximately 10(3)- to 10(4)-fold in animal lung after virus exposure, compared with negative control. These data provide further evidence to warrant clinical studies of this antibody in the treatment and prevention of SARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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