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Martínez-García L, Fadrique-Jiménez A, -Galán VF, Flors CR, Osma J. RegulEm, an unified protocol based-app for the treatment of emotional disorders: a parallel mixed methods usability and quality study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024; 24:267. [PMID: 39334043 PMCID: PMC11430202 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in mental health smartphone applications has grown in recent years. Despite their effectiveness and advantages, special attention needs to be paid to two aspects to ensure app engagement: to include patients and professionals in their design and to guarantee their usability. The aim of this study was to analyse the perceived usability and quality of the preliminary version of RegulEm, an app based in the Unified Protocol, as part of the second stage of the app development. METHODS A parallel mixed methods study was used with 7 professionals and 4 users who were previously involved in the first stage of the development of the app. MARS, uMARS and SUS scales were used, and two focus groups were conducted. Descriptive statistical analysis and a thematic content analysis were performed in order to gather as much information as possible on RegulEm's usability and quality as well as suggestions for improvement. RESULTS RegulEm's usability was perceived through the SUS scale scores as good by users (75 points) and excellent by professionals (84.64 points), while its quality was perceived through the uMARS and MARS scales as good by both groups, with 4 and 4.14 points out of 5. Different areas regarding RegulEm's usability and suggestions for improvement were identified in both focus groups and 20% of the suggestions proposed were implemented in the refined version of RegulEm. CONCLUSION RegulEm's usability and quality were perceived as good by users and professionals and different identified areas have contributed to its refinement. This study provides a more complete picture of RegulEm's usability and quality prior analysing its effectiveness, implementation and cost-effectiveness in Spanish public mental health units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martínez-García
- Department of Psicology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Atarazanas, 4, Teruel, 44003, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragón, Biomedic Research Center of Aragón (CIBA), Av. San Juan Bosco, 13, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Alba Fadrique-Jiménez
- Department of Psicology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Atarazanas, 4, Teruel, 44003, Spain
| | - Vanesa-Ferreres -Galán
- Mental Health Unit of the Hospital Comarcal of Vinaròs, Av. Gil d'Atrosillo, s/n, Vinaròs, Castellón, 12500, Spain
| | - Cristina Robert Flors
- Mental Health Unit of the Font de Sant Lluís Health Center, C/Arabista Ambrosio Huici, 30, Valencia, 46013, Spain
| | - Jorge Osma
- Department of Psicology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Atarazanas, 4, Teruel, 44003, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Aragón, Biomedic Research Center of Aragón (CIBA), Av. San Juan Bosco, 13, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
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Podda J, Tacchino A, Ponzio M, Di Antonio F, Susini A, Pedullà L, Battaglia MA, Brichetto G. Mobile Health App (DIGICOG-MS) for Self-Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in People With Multiple Sclerosis: Instrument Validation and Usability Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e56074. [PMID: 38900535 PMCID: PMC11224705 DOI: 10.2196/56074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) apps have proven useful for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, easy-to-use digital solutions are now strongly required to assess and monitor cognitive impairment, one of the most disturbing symptoms in MS that is experienced by almost 43% to 70% of people with MS. Therefore, we developed DIGICOG-MS (Digital assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis), a smartphone- and tablet-based mHealth app to self-assess cognitive impairment in MS. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the validity and usability of the novel mHealth app with a sample of people with MS. METHODS DIGICOG-MS includes 4 digital tests assumed to evaluate the most affected cognitive domains in MS (visuospatial memory [VSM], verbal memory [VM], semantic fluency [SF], and information processing speed [IPS]) and inspired by traditional paper-based tests that assess the same cognitive functions (10/36 Spatial Recall Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Word List Generation, Symbol Digit Modalities Test). Participants were asked to complete both digital and traditional assessments in 2 separate sessions. Convergent validity was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the strength of the associations between digital and traditional tests. To test the app's reliability, the agreement between 2 repeated measurements was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Usability of DIGICOG-MS was evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) administered at the conclusion of the digital session. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 92 people with MS (60 women) followed as outpatients at the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Society (AISM) Rehabilitation Service of Genoa (Italy). They had a mean age of 51.38 (SD 11.36) years, education duration of 13.07 (SD 2.74) years, disease duration of 12.91 (SD 9.51) years, and a disability level (Expanded Disability Status Scale) of 3.58 (SD 1.75). Relapsing-remitting MS was most common (68/92, 74%), followed by secondary progressive (15/92, 16%) and primary progressive (9/92, 10%) courses. Pearson correlation analyses indicated significantly strong correlations for VSM, VM, SF, and IPS (all P<.001), with r values ranging from 0.58 to 0.78 for all cognitive domains. Test-retest reliability of the mHealth app was excellent (ICCs>0.90) for VM and IPS and good for VSM and SF (ICCs>0.80). Moreover, the SUS score averaged 84.5 (SD 13.34), and the mean total MAUQ score was 104.02 (SD 17.69), suggesting that DIGICOG-MS was highly usable and well appreciated. CONCLUSIONS The DIGICOG-MS tests were strongly correlated with traditional paper-based evaluations. Furthermore, people with MS positively evaluated DIGICOG-MS, finding it highly usable. Since cognitive impairment poses major limitations for people with MS, these findings open new paths to deploy digital cognitive tests for MS and further support the use of a novel mHealth app for cognitive self-assessment by people with MS in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Podda
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Tacchino
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Ponzio
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Di Antonio
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessia Susini
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ludovico Pedullà
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Alberto Battaglia
- Department of Physiopathology, Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Brichetto
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
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Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Song TJ. Smartphone-Based Speech Therapy for Poststroke Dysarthria: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Efficacy and Feasibility. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e56417. [PMID: 38509662 PMCID: PMC11082729 DOI: 10.2196/56417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysarthria is a common poststroke speech disorder affecting communication and psychological well-being. Traditional speech therapy is effective but often poses challenges in terms of accessibility and patient adherence. Emerging smartphone-based therapies may offer promising alternatives for the treatment of poststroke dysarthria. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of smartphone-based speech therapy for improving speech intelligibility in patients with acute and early subacute poststroke dysarthria. This study also explored the impact of the intervention on psychological well-being, user experience, and overall feasibility in a clinical setting. METHODS Participants were divided into 2 groups for this randomized, evaluator-blinded trial. The intervention group used a smartphone-based speech therapy app for 1 hour per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks, with guideline-based standard stroke care. The control group received standard guideline-based stroke care and rehabilitation. Speech intelligibility, psychological well-being, quality of life, and user acceptance were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS In this study, 40 patients with poststroke dysarthria were enrolled, 32 of whom completed the trial (16 in each group). The intervention group showed significant improvements in speech intelligibility compared with the control group. This was evidenced by improvements from baseline (F1,30=34.35; P<.001), between-group differences (F1,30=6.18; P=.02), and notable time-by-group interactions (F1,30=6.91; P=.01). Regarding secondary outcomes, the intervention led to improvements in the percentage of correct consonants over time (F1,30=5.57; P=.03). In addition, significant reductions were noted in the severity of dysarthria in the intervention group over time (F1,30=21.18; P<.001), with a pronounced group effect (F1,30=5.52; P=.03) and time-by-group interaction (F1,30=5.29; P=.03). Regarding quality of life, significant improvements were observed as measured by the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire (F1,30=13.25; P<.001) and EQ-VAS (F1,30=7.74; P=.009) over time. The adherence rate to the smartphone-based app was 64%, with over half of the participants completing all the sessions. The usability of the app was rated high (system usability score 80.78). In addition, the intervention group reported increased self-efficacy in using the app compared with the control group (F1,30=10.81; P=.003). CONCLUSIONS The smartphone-based speech therapy app significantly improved speech intelligibility, articulation, and quality of life in patients with poststroke dysarthria. These findings indicate that smartphone-based speech therapy can be a useful assistant device in the management of poststroke dysarthria, particularly in the acute and early subacute stroke stages. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05146765; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05146765.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyoung Kim
- Human Computer Interaction Lab, Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Human Computer Interaction Lab, Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- HAII Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Human Computer Interaction Lab, Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- HAII Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Song
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tan Y, Lattie EG, Xiang H, Tang H, Teng Z, Qiu Y, Chen J, Wu H. Acceptability and usability of a WeChat-based intervention for depression in China: A mixed-methods study. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241262301. [PMID: 39229461 PMCID: PMC11369882 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241262301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As research on the use of mobile technology to deliver mental health support grows, the research from China is still very limited. How to design an acceptable and usable mobile mental health service model suitable for China's social and cultural environment remains to be studied. Objective To understand the acceptability and usability of a WeChat-based intervention among Chinese patients with depression, and to provide insights to promote future development of user-centered mobile mental health services design. Methods The research team developed a multi-theoretical intervention that includes seven modules: recovery lessons, recovery journal, coaching sessions, mindfulness, personalized support, regular assessments and feedback collection. Forty-two patients diagnosed with depressive disorder were recruited, with a mixed sample of patients who were using an antidepressant medication (n = 29) and patients who were not using an antidepressant medication (n = 13). A single-arm mixed-methods study was conducted to understand engagement, satisfaction, usability and potential clinical effectiveness of the intervention. Results There was a retention rate of 83.33% - 22 participants who used an antidepressant medication and 13 participants who did not use an antidepressant medication completed the final assessments. The median (upper quartile-lower quartile) of the completed 60 recovery journals and 7 coaching sessions was 56 (59-46) and 6 (7-4) times, respectively. Participants' satisfaction regarding their recovery progress, and on perceived helpfulness on different modules were high. The overall score of the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale was 4.23 (SD 0.44, range 1-5), indicating high acceptability and usability. Qualitative feedback identified three key themes: an efficient access to professional help, a personalized source of social support, and a facilitator of cognitive and behavioral change. Conclusions This study demonstrated that a WeChat-based intervention for depression was acceptable, and has the potential to promote personal recovery. More studies are needed to understand the efficacy and implementation of this model in real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Tan
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Emily G Lattie
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Teng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
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Cho CH, Lee HJ, Kim YK. The New Emerging Treatment Choice for Major Depressive Disorders: Digital Therapeutics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1456:307-331. [PMID: 39261436 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-4402-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The chapter provides an in-depth analysis of digital therapeutics (DTx) as a revolutionary approach to managing major depressive disorder (MDD). It discusses the evolution and definition of DTx, their application across various medical fields, regulatory considerations, and their benefits and limitations. This chapter extensively covers DTx for MDD, including smartphone applications, virtual reality interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) platforms, artificial intelligence (AI) and chatbot therapies, biofeedback, wearable technologies, and serious games. It evaluates the effectiveness of these digital interventions, comparing them with traditional treatments and examining patient perspectives, compliance, and engagement. The integration of DTx into clinical practice is also explored, along with the challenges and barriers to their adoption, such as technological limitations, data privacy concerns, ethical considerations, reimbursement issues, and the need for improved digital literacy. This chapter concludes by looking at the future direction of DTx in mental healthcare, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment plans, integration with emerging modalities, and the expansion of access to these innovative solutions globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sanabria-Mazo JP, Colomer-Carbonell A, Gandara-Urrutia N, Pérez-Sutil JM, Noboa-Rocamora G, Fernández-Vázquez Ó, Val-Mariano G, Fontana-McNally M, Cardona-Ros G, Feliu-Soler A, McCracken LM, Edo S, Sanz A, Luciano JV. Experiences of patients with chronic low back pain plus comorbid depressive symptoms in a videoconference group acceptance and commitment therapy or behavioral activation treatment for depression: a qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil 2023:1-12. [PMID: 38149834 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2298265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the experiences of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) plus comorbid depressive symptoms who received a remote synchronous videoconference group form of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) or Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD). METHODS A qualitative study (IMPACT-Q) was nested within a randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to assess the efficacy and the cost-utility/cost-effectiveness of two therapies in the management of CLBP and depression. Fifty-five patients with CLBP plus depression were selected from the RCT. Twelve focus group sessions, each approximately 60-90 min long, were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by six coders through a thematic analysis (deductive and inductive) based on a descriptive phenomenological approach. RESULTS Patients perceived behavioral, affective, and cognitive improvements after completing group sessions. Overall, psychotherapy was perceived as a safe and non-judgmental place to express emotions and feel understood. The main barriers reported were lack of human contact and loss of social interaction. In contrast, ease of access, flexibility in the ability to connect from anywhere, avoidance of the need to travel, and savings in time and money were key facilitators to increase attendance and adherence to therapy. CONCLUSION This study provided support for the acceptability of videoconference-delivered ACT or BATD in patients with CLBP plus comorbid depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Sanabria-Mazo
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basics, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ariadna Colomer-Carbonell
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basics, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Natalia Gandara-Urrutia
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Juan M Pérez-Sutil
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Georgina Noboa-Rocamora
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Óscar Fernández-Vázquez
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gabriella Val-Mariano
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Fontana-McNally
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gemma Cardona-Ros
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Albert Feliu-Soler
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Sílvia Edo
- Department of Basics, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Antoni Sanz
- Department of Basics, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Juan V Luciano
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Mavragani A, Weingarden H, Wolfe EC, Hall MD, Snorrason I, Wilhelm S. Human Support in App-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapies for Emotional Disorders: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e33307. [PMID: 35394434 PMCID: PMC9034419 DOI: 10.2196/33307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone app-based therapies offer clear promise for reducing the gap in available mental health care for people at risk for or people with mental illness. To this end, as smartphone ownership has become widespread, app-based therapies have become increasingly common. However, the research on app-based therapies is lagging behind. In particular, although experts suggest that human support may be critical for increasing engagement and effectiveness, we have little systematic knowledge about the role that human support plays in app-based therapy. It is critical to address these open questions to optimally design and scale these interventions. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to provide a scoping review of the use of human support or coaching in app-based cognitive behavioral therapy for emotional disorders, identify critical knowledge gaps, and offer recommendations for future research. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the most well-researched treatment for a wide range of concerns and is understood to be particularly well suited to digital implementations, given its structured, skill-based approach. METHODS We conducted systematic searches of 3 databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase). Broadly, eligible articles described a cognitive behavioral intervention delivered via smartphone app whose primary target was an emotional disorder or problem and included some level of human involvement or support (coaching). All records were reviewed by 2 authors. Information regarding the qualifications and training of coaches, stated purpose and content of the coaching, method and frequency of communication with users, and relationship between coaching and outcomes was recorded. RESULTS Of the 2940 titles returned by the searches, 64 (2.18%) were eligible for inclusion. This review found significant heterogeneity across all of the dimensions of coaching considered as well as considerable missing information in the published articles. Moreover, few studies had qualitatively or quantitatively evaluated how the level of coaching impacts treatment engagement or outcomes. Although users tend to self-report that coaching improves their engagement and outcomes, there is limited and mixed supporting quantitative evidence at present. CONCLUSIONS Digital mental health is a young but rapidly expanding field with great potential to improve the reach of evidence-based care. Researchers across the reviewed articles offered numerous approaches to encouraging and guiding users. However, with the relative infancy of these treatment approaches, this review found that the field has yet to develop standards or consensus for implementing coaching protocols, let alone those for measuring and reporting on the impact. We conclude that coaching remains a significant hole in the growing digital mental health literature and lay out recommendations for future data collection, reporting, experimentation, and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilary Weingarden
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emma C Wolfe
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Ivar Snorrason
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sabine Wilhelm
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Goulding EH, Dopke CA, Rossom RC, Michaels T, Martin CR, Ryan C, Jonathan G, McBride A, Babington P, Bernstein M, Bank A, Garborg CS, Dinh JM, Begale M, Kwasny MJ, Mohr DC. A Smartphone-Based Self-management Intervention for Individuals With Bipolar Disorder (LiveWell): Empirical and Theoretical Framework, Intervention Design, and Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e30710. [PMID: 35188473 PMCID: PMC8902672 DOI: 10.2196/30710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness with high morbidity and mortality rates. Even with pharmacological treatment, frequent recurrence of episodes, long episode durations, and persistent interepisode symptoms are common and disruptive. Combining psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy improves outcomes; however, many individuals with bipolar disorder do not receive psychotherapy. Mental health technologies can increase access to self-management strategies derived from empirically supported bipolar disorder psychotherapies while also enhancing treatment by delivering real-time assessments, personalized feedback, and provider alerts. In addition, mental health technologies provide a platform for self-report, app use, and behavioral data collection to advance understanding of the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder, which can then be used to support ongoing improvement of treatment. Objective A description of the theoretical and empirically supported framework, design, and protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of LiveWell, a smartphone-based self-management intervention for individuals with bipolar disorder, is provided to facilitate the ability to replicate, improve, implement, and disseminate effective interventions for bipolar disorder. The goal of the trial is to determine the effectiveness of LiveWell for reducing relapse risk and symptom burden as well as improving quality of life (QOL) while simultaneously clarifying behavioral targets involved in staying well and better characterizing the course of bipolar disorder and treatment response. Methods The study is a single-blind RCT (n=205; 2:3 ratio of usual care vs usual care plus LiveWell). The primary outcome is the time to relapse. Secondary outcomes are percentage time symptomatic, symptom severity, and QOL. Longitudinal changes in target behaviors proposed to mediate the primary and secondary outcomes will also be determined, and their relationships with the outcomes will be assessed. A database of clinical status, symptom severity, real-time self-report, behavioral sensor, app use, and personalized content will be created to better predict treatment response and relapse risk. Results Recruitment and screening began in March 2017 and ended in April 2019. Follow-up ended in April 2020. The results of this study are expected to be published in 2022. Conclusions This study will examine whether LiveWell reduces relapse risk and symptom burden and improves QOL for individuals with bipolar disorder by increasing access to empirically supported self-management strategies. The role of selected target behaviors (medication adherence, sleep duration, routine, and management of signs and symptoms) in these outcomes will also be examined. Simultaneously, a database will be created to initiate the development of algorithms to personalize and improve treatment for bipolar disorder. In addition, we hope that this description of the theoretical and empirically supported framework, intervention design, and study protocol for the RCT of LiveWell will facilitate the ability to replicate, improve, implement, and disseminate effective interventions for bipolar and other mental health disorders. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03088462; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03088462 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/30710
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan H Goulding
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cynthia A Dopke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Tania Michaels
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Clair R Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chloe Ryan
- Carolina Outreach, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Geneva Jonathan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alyssa McBride
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Pamela Babington
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mary Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Bank
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - C Spencer Garborg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Mary J Kwasny
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David C Mohr
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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9
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Chan AHY, Honey MLL. User perceptions of mobile digital apps for mental health: Acceptability and usability - An integrative review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 29:147-168. [PMID: 33604946 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Mobile mental health apps are increasingly being used by both mental health nurses to promote individual self-managemental of mental health conditions and by consumers. Perceptions about specific apps are known, but the overarching acceptability and usability of mental health apps in general less understood. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This paper identified consumer perceptions of mobile mental health apps. Six key areas were identified that future mobile app developers should consider to maximize consumer engagement with mental health apps. Consumers also highlighted that apps do not replace traditional mental health nursing-rather these supplement existing care. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: This review found that mental health apps are generally viewed positively by consumers; however, factors such as ease of use, usefulness of content and privacy need to be considered to maximise and sustain app engagement. ABSTRACT: Introduction There is increasing interest in the use of mobile mental health applications (apps) to manage mental health conditions. Understanding user perceptions is key to maximise app engagement and inform how apps can be used to support mental health nursing care. Aim This integrative review explores consumers' perceptions of mobile mental health apps to gain insight into user preferences and acceptability. Methods This integrative review was based on searching four databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PsycInfo. Inclusion criteria were: (i) articles published after 2000; (ii) focused on apps for mental health disorders; (iii) explored consumers' perception of using a mental health app. Abstracts were screened and eligible papers reviewed. Data on user perceptions were extracted and analysed thematically. Results Seventeen articles were identified. Overall, consumers did not feel that app use replaced traditional health care. Six themes were identified: "Helpfulness," "Improvements/enhancements," "Technical issues," "Easy to use," "Satisfaction with the app" and "Perceived issues." Consumers indicated a preference for personalization for the app to meet individual needs. Discussion and Implications for Practice Mental health apps are generally viewed positively by consumers; however, factors such as ease of use, usefulness of content and privacy need to be considered to maximise and sustain app engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hai Yan Chan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Hernández-Gómez A, Valdés-Florido MJ, Lahera G, Andrade-González N. Efficacy of Smartphone Apps in Patients With Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:871966. [PMID: 36032248 PMCID: PMC9411805 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital interventions have become an accessible format in clinical practice to provide better support for patients with mental disorders. However, the clinical efficacy in patients with depressive disorders is not well known. We aimed to determine the efficacy of smartphone applications (apps) in patients diagnosed with a depressive disorder. METHOD An electronic database search was performed of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, to identify relevant articles up to June 12, 2021. Peer-reviewed articles were screened and selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and therefore were selected for the systematic review, which included a total of 651 patients. The results were heterogeneous, essentially due to the different methodologies used in the selected studies. CONCLUSIONS Digital smartphone-delivered interventions do not appear to reduce depressive symptomatology nor improve the quality of life in patients diagnosed with depressive disorders when compared to an active control group. Taking into account the inherent methodological difficulties and the variability among such studies, it is apparent that further research-with more methodologically refined clinical trials, including larger sample sizes-is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Hernández-Gómez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Valdés-Florido
- Psychiatry Service, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,IRyCIS, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Nelson Andrade-González
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Alfonso X el Sabio University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Pickering D, Serafimovska A, Cho S, Blaszczynski A, Gainsbury S. Online self-exclusion from multiple gambling venues: Stakeholder co-design of a usable and acceptable self-directed website. Internet Interv 2021; 27:100491. [PMID: 35004185 PMCID: PMC8715329 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling self-exclusion programs are under-utilised and barriers to entry include shame and embarrassment with face-to-face registration, and complex and effortful procedures. The current study aimed to facilitate self-exclusion from gambling venues via an online self-directed website. A co-design approach was used to elicit key stakeholders' perspectives on required website features, functionality, and to identify variables potentially impacting on development and implementation. Semi-structured focus groups and interviews were conducted across four stakeholders (N = 25): self-exclusion end users (consumers, n = 5), gambling counsellors (n = 7), venue staff (n = 6), and policy makers (n = 7). Overall, stakeholder perspectives were consistent with content analysis indicating the importance of website user-friendliness, flexibility, supportiveness, and trustworthiness. Importantly, these attributes were linked to target end users': perceived vulnerabilities, diverse backgrounds and individual expectations. Participants believed that the entire self-exclusion process should be conducted online, including identity verification, whilst expecting high-level data security measures to protect their personal privacy. A separate webpage was also suggested containing relevant information and links to additional help services, such as counselling. This study describes an adaptable co-design framework for developing a usable and acceptable self-exclusion website. Future studies should empirically test system usability and acceptability to refine and maximise system uptake upon implementation. Findings may have broader implications for digital health intervention design.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Pickering
- Corresponding author at: School of Psychology (M02), Level 2, Brain & Mind Centre, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
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12
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Paquette CE, Rubalcava DT, Chen Y, Anand D, Daughters SB. A Mobile App to Enhance Behavioral Activation Treatment for Substance Use Disorder: App Design, Use, and Integration Into Treatment in the Context of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e25749. [PMID: 34730535 PMCID: PMC8600431 DOI: 10.2196/25749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Group-based formats typically used in low-resource substance use disorder (SUD) treatment settings result in little individual attention to help reinforce and guide skill use, which may contribute to poor posttreatment outcomes. Smartphone apps offer a convenient, user-friendly, and cost-effective tool that can extend the reach of effective SUD treatments. A smartphone app was developed and integrated into a group-based, brief behavioral activation (BA) treatment for SUD to increase engagement in treatment skills outside clinician-administered sessions. Objective This study aims to describe the features of the app and its use and integration into treatment, report the participants’ self-reported feasibility and acceptability of the app, and discuss challenges and provide recommendations for future smartphone app integration into behavioral treatments for SUD. Methods A total of 56 individuals recruited from intensive outpatient SUD treatment received a smartphone-enhanced BA treatment, the Life Enhancement Treatment for Substance Use. Self-reported weekly app use and reasons for nonuse were assessed at posttreatment and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. In addition, 2-tailed t tests and chi-square tests compared the self-reported use of each app component and overall app use over time. Results Participant feedback suggested that the integration of the smartphone app into the Life Enhancement Treatment for Substance Use was feasible and well accepted, and participants found the app useful for planning value-based activities outside of sessions. Self-reported app engagement decreased over the follow-up period: 72% (39/54) of participants reported using the app at posttreatment, decreasing to 69% (37/54) at the 1-month follow-up and 37% (20/54) at the 3-month follow-up. Participants reported forgetting to use the app as a primary reason for nonuse. Conclusions This study provides support for the feasibility and acceptability of smartphone-enhanced BA treatment, offering promise for future research testing the integration of technology into SUD treatment. Design decisions may help streamline smartphone integration into treatment, for example, allowing participants to download the treatment app on their own phones or use a low-cost study smartphone (or offering both options). Long-term app engagement may be increased via built-in reminders, alerts, and in-app messages. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02707887; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02707887
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Paquette
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dillon T Rubalcava
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Deepika Anand
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,CBT Center of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stacey B Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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13
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Gericke F, Ebert DD, Breet E, Auerbach RP, Bantjes J. A qualitative study of university students' experience of Internet‐based CBT for depression. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Gericke
- Institute for Life Course Health Research Department of Global Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - David D. Ebert
- Psychology & Digital Mental Health Care, Department of Sport and Health Sciences Technical University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Elsie Breet
- Institute for Life Course Health Research Department of Global Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | | | - Jason Bantjes
- Institute for Life Course Health Research Department of Global Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
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14
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Faurholt-Jepsen M, Lindbjerg Tønning M, Fros M, Martiny K, Tuxen N, Rosenberg N, Busk J, Winther O, Thaysen-Petersen D, Aamund KA, Tolderlund L, Bardram JE, Kessing LV. Reducing the rate of psychiatric re-admissions in bipolar disorder using smartphones-The RADMIS trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021; 143:453-465. [PMID: 33354769 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The MONARCA I and II trials were negative but suggested that smartphone-based monitoring may increase quality of life and reduce perceived stress in bipolar disorder (BD). The present trial was the first to investigate the effect of smartphone-based monitoring on the rate and duration of readmissions in BD. METHODS This was a randomized controlled single-blind parallel-group trial. Patients with BD (ICD-10) discharged from hospitalization in the Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark were randomized 1:1 to daily smartphone-based monitoring including a feedback loop (+ standard treatment) or to standard treatment for 6 months. Primary outcomes: the rate and duration of psychiatric readmissions. RESULTS We included 98 patients with BD. In ITT analyses, there was no statistically significant difference in rates (hazard rate: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.54; 1.91, p = 0.88) or duration of readmission between the two groups (B: 3.67, 95% CI: -4.77; 12.11, p = 0.39). There was no difference in scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (B = -0.11, 95% CI: -2.50; 2.29, p = 0.93). The intervention group had higher scores on the Young Mania Rating Scale (B: 1.89, 95% CI: 0.0078; 3.78, p = 0.050). The intervention group reported lower levels of perceived stress (B: -7.18, 95% CI: -13.50; -0.86, p = 0.026) and lower levels of rumination (B: -6.09, 95% CI: -11.19; -1.00, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Smartphone-based monitoring did not reduce rate and duration of readmissions. There was no difference in levels of depressive symptoms. The intervention group had higher levels of manic symptoms, but lower perceived stress and rumination compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Faurholt-Jepsen
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Lindbjerg Tønning
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Klaus Martiny
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Tuxen
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicole Rosenberg
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Busk
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Winther
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Jakob Eyvind Bardram
- Monsenso Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Rauseo-Ricupero N, Torous J. Technology Enabled Clinical Care (TECC): Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study of Smartphone-Augmented Mental Health Treatment. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e23771. [PMID: 33296869 PMCID: PMC7813563 DOI: 10.2196/23771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even before COVID-19, there has been an urgent need to expand access to and quality of mental health care. This paper introduces an 8-week treatment protocol to realize that vision-Technology Enabled Clinical Care (TECC). TECC offers innovation in clinical assessment, monitoring, and interventions for mental health. TECC uses the mindLAMP app to enable digital phenotyping, clinical communication, and smartphone-based exercises that will augment in-person or telehealth virtual visits. TECC exposes participants to an array of evidence-based treatments (cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy) introduced through clinical sessions and then practiced through interactive activities provided through a smartphone app called mindLAMP. OBJECTIVE TECC will test the feasibility of providing technology-enabled mental health care within an outpatient clinic; explore the practicality for providing this care to individuals with limited English proficiency; and track anxiety, depression, and mood symptoms for participants to measure the effectiveness of the TECC design. METHODS The TECC study will assess the acceptability and efficacy of this care model in 50 participants as compared to an age- and gender-matched cohort of patients presenting with similar clinical severity of depression, anxiety, or psychotic symptoms. Participants will be recruited from clinics in the Metro Boston area. Aspects of TECC will be conducted in both Spanish and English to ensure wide access to care for multiple populations. RESULTS The results of the TECC study will be used to support or adapt this model of care and create training resources to ensure its dissemination. The study results will be posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, with primary outcomes related to changes in mood, anxiety, and stress, and secondary outcomes related to engagement, alliance, and satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS TECC combines new digital mental health technology with updated clinical protocols and workflows designed to ensure patients can benefit from innovation in digital mental health. Supporting multiple languages, TECC is designed to ensure digital health equity and highlights how mobile health can bridge, not expand, gaps in care for underserved populations. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/23771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Rauseo-Ricupero
- Division of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Torous
- Division of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Lan T, Zhao F, Xiong B. The Acceptability and Influencing Factors of an Internet-Based Tinnitus Multivariate Integrated Sound Therapy for Patients With Tinnitus. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020; 101:680-689. [PMID: 33258696 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320973768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the acceptability and influencing factors of an Internet-based Tinnitus Multivariate Integrated Sound Therapy (iT-MIST). The individually tailored sound therapy used narrowband noise centered on the patient's tinnitus frequency in combination with natural sounds and relaxing music. DESIGN Patients with tinnitus were given a 1-week trial of iT-MIST. Semistructured interviews were then carried out and a thematic analysis used to analyze, identify, organize, and report factors discovered in the data. STUDY SAMPLE Semistructured interviews were carried out with 11 participants, 2 women and 9 men, mean age 39.82 years. RESULTS The first theme identified from patient interview analysis was their motivation to undertake and expectations of iT-MIST. Nearly half of the participants indicated that advice from the physician was considered very important and professional. Benefits acknowledged by most participants from their iT-MIST experience were accessibility, convenience, time- and cost-effectiveness, and emotional benefit. However, a few participants with poor understanding of tinnitus and iT-MIST showed a negative acceptability with doubtful thoughts and complaints about technical issues such as being easily interrupted by messages and phone calls. CONCLUSION Patients with tinnitus in this study were not universally accepting of the iT-MIST therapy. Concerns about their tinnitus and ability to comply with doctor's recommendations were the main influencing factors. Attitude or willingness to explore new therapies facilitated its use. Emotional benefits, for example, relaxation and comfort, were seen to sustain motivation, while doubtful thoughts and technical problems negatively affected acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Lan
- Centre for Speech and Language Therapy and Hearing Science, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, 11352Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Zhao
- Centre for Speech and Language Therapy and Hearing Science, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, 11352Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Department of Hearing and Speech Science, 11352Xinhua College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, 558113Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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17
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Kim H, Cho NB, Kim J, Kim KM, Kang M, Choi Y, Kim M, You H, Nam SI, Shin S. Implementation of a Home-Based mHealth App Intervention Program With Human Mediation for Swallowing Tongue Pressure Strengthening Exercises in Older Adults: Longitudinal Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e22080. [PMID: 33012704 PMCID: PMC7600016 DOI: 10.2196/22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tongue pressure is an effective index of swallowing function, and it decreases with aging and disease progression. Previous research has shown beneficial effects of swallowing exercises combined with myofunctional tongue-strengthening therapy on tongue function. Tongue exercises delivered through mobile health (mHealth) technologies have the potential to advance health care in the digital age to be more efficient for people with limited resources, especially older adults. Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the immediate and long-term maintenance effects of an 8-week home-based mHealth app intervention with biweekly (ie, every 2 weeks) human mediation aimed at improving the swallowing tongue pressure in older adults. Methods We developed an mHealth app intervention that was used for 8 weeks (3 times/day, 5 days/week, for a total of 120 sessions) by 11 community-dwelling older adults (10 women; mean age 75.7 years) who complained of swallowing difficulties. The app included a swallowing monitoring and intervention protocol with 3 therapy maneuvers: effortful prolonged swallowing, effortful pitch glide, and effortful tongue rotation. The 8-week intervention was mediated by biweekly face-to-face meetings to monitor each participant’s progress and ability to implement the training sessions according to the given protocol. Preintervention and postintervention isometric and swallowing tongue pressures were measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. We also investigated the maintenance effects of the intervention on swallowing tongue pressure at 12 weeks postintervention. Results Of the 11 participants, 8 adhered to the home-based 8-week app therapy program with the optimal intervention dosage. At the main trial end point (ie, 8 weeks) of the intervention program, the participants demonstrated a significant increase in swallowing tongue pressure (median 17.5 kPa before the intervention and 26.5 kPa after the intervention; P=.046). However, long-term maintenance effects of the training program on swallowing tongue pressure at 12 weeks postintervention were not observed. Conclusions Swallowing tongue pressure is known to be closely related to dysphagia symptoms. This is the first study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined methods of effortful prolonged swallowing, effortful pitch glide, and effortful tongue rotation using mobile app training accompanied by biweekly human mediation in improving swallowing tongue pressure in older adults. The mHealth app is a promising platform that can be used to deliver effective and convenient therapeutic service to vulnerable older adults. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy with a larger sample size and observe the long-term effects of the intervention program, further studies are warranted. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/19585
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Affiliation(s)
- HyangHee Kim
- Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Bin Cho
- Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Kim
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggeun Choi
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heecheon You
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok In Nam
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Shin
- Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Patel S, Akhtar A, Malins S, Wright N, Rowley E, Young E, Sampson S, Morriss R. The Acceptability and Usability of Digital Health Interventions for Adults With Depression, Anxiety, and Somatoform Disorders: Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16228. [PMID: 32628116 PMCID: PMC7381032 DOI: 10.2196/16228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of mental health disorders continues to rise, with almost 4% of the world population having an anxiety disorder and almost 3.5% having depression in 2017. Despite the high prevalence, only one-third of people with depression or anxiety receive treatment. Over the last decade, the use of digital health interventions (DHIs) has risen rapidly as a means of accessing mental health care and continues to increase. Although there is evidence supporting the effectiveness of DHIs for the treatment of mental health conditions, little is known about what aspects are valued by users and how they might be improved. Objective This systematic review aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesize the qualitative literature available on service users’ views and experiences regarding the acceptability and usability of DHIs for depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders. Methods A systematic search strategy was developed, and searches were run in 7 electronic databases. Qualitative and mixed methods studies published in English were included. A meta-synthesis was used to interpret and synthesize the findings from the included studies. Results A total of 24 studies were included in the meta-synthesis, and 3 key themes emerged with descriptive subthemes. The 3 key themes were initial motivations and approaches to DHIs, personalization of treatment, and the value of receiving personal support in DHIs. The meta-synthesis suggests that participants’ initial beliefs about DHIs can have an important effect on their engagement with these types of interventions. Personal support was valued very highly as a major component of the success of DHIs. The main reason for this was the way it enabled individual personalization of care. Conclusions Findings from the systematic review have implications for the design of future DHIs to improve uptake, retention, and outcomes in DHIs for depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders. DHIs need to be personalized to the specific needs of the individual. Future research should explore whether the findings could be generalized to other health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Patel
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Athfah Akhtar
- School of Social Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Malins
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Wright
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Rowley
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Young
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Sampson
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Morriss
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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19
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Cheng CF, Werner NE, Doutcheva N, Warner G, Barton HJ, Kelly MM, Ehlenbach ML, Wagner T, Finesilver S, Katz BJ, Nacht C, Coller RJ. Codesign and Usability Testing of a Mobile Application to Support Family-Delivered Enteral Tube Care. Hosp Pediatr 2020; 10:641-650. [PMID: 32616602 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteral tubes are prevalent among children with medical complexity (CMC), and complications can lead to costly health care use. Our objective was to design and test the usability of a mobile application (app) to support family-delivered enteral tube care. METHODS Human-centered design methods (affinity diagramming, persona development, and software development) were applied with family caregivers of CMC to develop a prototype. During 3 waves of usability testing with design refinement between waves, screen capture software collected user-app interactions and inductive content analysis of narrative feedback identified areas for design improvement. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index and the System Usability Scale quantified mental workload and ease of use. RESULTS Design participants identified core app functions, including displaying care routines, reminders, tracking inventory and health data, caregiver communication, and troubleshooting. Usability testing participants were 80% non-Hispanic white, 28% lived in rural settings, and 20% had not completed high school. Median years providing enteral care was 2 (range 1-14). Design iterations improved app function, simplification, and user experience. The mean System Usability Scale score was 76, indicating above-average usability. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index revealed low mental demand, frustration, and effort. All 14 participants reported that they would recommend the app, and that the app would help with organization, communication, and caregiver transitions. CONCLUSIONS Using a human-centered codesign process, we created a highly usable mobile application to support enteral tube caregiving at home. Future work involves evaluating the feasibility of longitudinal use and effectiveness in improving self-efficacy and reduce device complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole E Werner
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, and.,Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Gemma Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health
| | | | - Michelle M Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health.,Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Teresa Wagner
- American Family Children's Hospital, University of Wisconsin Health, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Sara Finesilver
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health
| | | | - Carrie Nacht
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Ryan J Coller
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health,
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20
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Wessels NJ, Hulshof L, Loohuis AMM, van Gemert-Pijnen L, Jellema P, van der Worp H, Blanker MH. User Experiences and Preferences Regarding an App for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: Qualitative Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e17114. [PMID: 32530431 PMCID: PMC7320303 DOI: 10.2196/17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several apps are available to support the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI), little has been reported about the experiences and preferences of their users. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and preferences of women using a mobile app for the treatment of UI and to identify potential improvements to the app. We developed this app for three types of UI: stress UI, urgency UI, and mixed UI. METHODS The participants in this qualitative study were women with self-reported stress UI, urgency UI, or mixed UI who used an app-based treatment to manage their condition for at least six weeks. Following the intervention, semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the participants' experiences and preferences regarding the app. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed separately by two researchers. RESULTS Data saturation was reached after interviewing 9 women (aged 32-68 years) with stress UI (n=1, 11%), urgency UI (n=3, 33%), or mixed UI (n=5, 56%). Accessibility, awareness, usability, and adherence emerged as the main themes. On the one hand, participants appreciated that the app increased their accessibility to care, preserved their privacy, increased their awareness of therapeutic options, was easy to use and useful, and supported treatment adherence. On the other hand, some participants reported that they wanted more contact with a care provider, and others reported that using the app increased their awareness of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This qualitative study indicates that women appreciate app-based treatment for UI because it can lower barriers to treatment and increase both awareness and adherence to treatment. However, the app does not offer the ability of face-to-face contact and can lead to a greater focus on symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke J Wessels
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Hulshof
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne M M Loohuis
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisette van Gemert-Pijnen
- Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing Research, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Petra Jellema
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk van der Worp
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marco H Blanker
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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21
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Szinay D, Jones A, Chadborn T, Brown J, Naughton F. Influences on the Uptake of and Engagement With Health and Well-Being Smartphone Apps: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17572. [PMID: 32348255 PMCID: PMC7293059 DOI: 10.2196/17572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The public health impact of health and well-being digital interventions is dependent upon sufficient real-world uptake and engagement. Uptake is currently largely dependent on popularity indicators (eg, ranking and user ratings on app stores), which may not correspond with effectiveness, and rapid disengagement is common. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify factors that influence uptake and engagement with health and well-being apps to inform new approaches that promote the effective use of such tools. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to understand what is known about influences on the uptake of and engagement with health and well-being smartphone apps among adults. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies. Studies conducted on adults were included if they focused on health and well-being smartphone apps reporting on uptake and engagement behavior. Studies identified through a systematic search in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, or MEDLARS Online (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsychINFO, Scopus, Cochrane library databases, DataBase systems and Logic Programming (DBLP), and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital library were screened, with a proportion screened independently by 2 authors. Data synthesis and interpretation were undertaken using a deductive iterative process. External validity checking was undertaken by an independent researcher. A narrative synthesis of the findings was structured around the components of the capability, opportunity, motivation, behavior change model and the theoretical domains framework (TDF). RESULTS Of the 7640 identified studies, 41 were included in the review. Factors related to uptake (U), engagement (E), or both (B) were identified. Under capability, the main factors identified were app literacy skills (B), app awareness (U), available user guidance (B), health information (E), statistical information on progress (E), well-designed reminders (E), features to reduce cognitive load (E), and self-monitoring features (E). Availability at low cost (U), positive tone, and personalization (E) were identified as physical opportunity factors, whereas recommendations for health and well-being apps (U), embedded health professional support (E), and social networking (E) possibilities were social opportunity factors. Finally, the motivation factors included positive feedback (E), available rewards (E), goal setting (E), and the perceived utility of the app (E). CONCLUSIONS Across a wide range of populations and behaviors, 26 factors relating to capability, opportunity, and motivation appear to influence the uptake of and engagement with health and well-being smartphone apps. Our recommendations may help app developers, health app portal developers, and policy makers in the optimization of health and well-being apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Szinay
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Jones
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Chadborn
- Behavioural Insights, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Naughton
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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22
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Crosby L, Bonnington O. Experiences and implications of smartphone apps for depression and anxiety. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:925-942. [PMID: 32162706 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apps on smartphones are increasingly used for self-care for depression and anxiety, yet how and why they are accessed, and their social effects, remain under-investigated. Sociologists have begun to theorise how these technologies affect and relate; crucial questions for a contemporary sociology of health. This study seeks to contribute to our conceptualisation of how digital health technologies are implicated in health by investigating the motivations, experiences and relations of people using mobile apps for depression or anxiety. We interviewed 14 individuals living in England with a diagnosis of depression or an anxiety disorder, who used smartphone apps as part of self-care. Analysis followed a thematic approach. Three themes were identified. Apps exist within relational contexts - alongside smartphones, beliefs about mental health and other support - which shape app use and lead to an imprecise, casual approach. People engage with apps in a straightforward and uncomplicated manner, leading to immediate symptomatic alleviation, but to limited longer term benefit. The contradiction between the apps' promise as tools of individual empowerment, with their ability to promote responsibilising frameworks that restrain users' reflexivity, is central to their implications. Apps can thus contribute to isolation from interpersonal support and promote reductionist biomedical conceptualisations of mental ill health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Crosby
- Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Oliver Bonnington
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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23
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Moore E, Williams A, Bell I, Thomas N. Client experiences of blending a coping-focused therapy for auditory verbal hallucinations with smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment and intervention. Internet Interv 2019; 19:100299. [PMID: 31890641 PMCID: PMC6928322 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2019.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored participants' experiences of a novel intervention blending ecological momentary assessment and intervention (EMA/I) digital technologies with four face-to-face therapy sessions to improve coping in people who experience persisting auditory verbal hallucinations (hear voices). A smartphone app was used to deliver prompts to facilitate both self-monitoring and self-management of voices. Analysis of data recorded by the app was also used in-session to develop an idiographic formulation of antecedents of and responses to voice-hearing episodes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants who completed the blended therapy. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data, generating four main themes, with associated subthemes: (1) Therapy experience changed by digital technology; (2) Valuing face-to-face component; (3) Preference for different phases of the digital technology; (4) Not as bothered by voices. Key findings revealed that participants perceived EMA/I technology as helping capture their experience more accurately and communicate this more effectively to the therapist, which, in combination with coping prompts developed in-session, deepened the therapeutic relationship. These findings add to the emerging literature that shows blended therapy can play an important role in the treatment of people with psychosis, and suggest potential of EMA/I as a technology for other clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Moore
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne Williams
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia,Living with a Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Imogen Bell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neil Thomas
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia,Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia,Corresponding author at: Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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24
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Christie GI, Shepherd M, Merry SN, Hopkins S, Knightly S, Stasiak K. Gamifying CBT to deliver emotional health treatment to young people on smartphones. Internet Interv 2019; 18:100286. [PMID: 31890633 PMCID: PMC6926322 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2019.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
mHealth interventions promise the economic delivery of evidence-based mental health treatments like cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to populations that struggle to access health services, such as adolescents and in New Zealand, Māori and Pasifika youth. Unfortunately engagement with digital therapies is poor; modularisation and gamification have potential to increase their appeal. Gamifying CBT involves selecting suitable interventions, adapting them to a digital format while applying gamification principles. We describe the design and development of Quest - Te Whitianga, an app that encourages the user to learn CBT skills via a series of activities and games. A variety of approaches including consultation with clinicians, reference to best-practice literature, focus groups and interactive workshops with youth were used to inform the co-design process. Clinicians worked iteratively with experienced game designers to co-create a youth CBT digital intervention. The Quest modular app is set on an ocean and the user travels between islands to learn six evidence-based skills. These include a relaxation/mindfulness activity, activity planning, a gratitude journal plus problem solving and communication skills training. We describe the theoretical and design aspects of each module detailing the gamified features that aim to increase user engagement. In the near future we will be testing the app and the principles discussed in this paper via a randomised-controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant I. Christie
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand,Corresponding author.
| | - Matthew Shepherd
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally N. Merry
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hopkins
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Karolina Stasiak
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Schuster R, Kalthoff I, Walther A, Köhldorfer L, Partinger E, Berger T, Laireiter AR. Effects, Adherence, and Therapists' Perceptions of Web- and Mobile-Supported Group Therapy for Depression: Mixed-Methods Study. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e11860. [PMID: 31066700 PMCID: PMC6533044 DOI: 10.2196/11860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blended group therapy (bGT) has been investigated a several times for anxiety and depression, but information on patients' adherence to and therapists' perception of the novel format is nonexistent. Furthermore, many studies investigated mainly female and highly educated populations, limiting the validity of previous findings. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to reduce the gaps and limitations of the previous findings by evaluating an integrated internet- and mobile-supported bGT format. METHODS A total of 27 patients diagnosed with major depression (14/27, 52% female and 7/27, 25.9% compulsory education) participated in a 7-week treatment at a university outpatient clinic. Furthermore, 8 novice therapists participated in semistructured interviews and a subsequent cross-validation survey. RESULTS Primary symptom reduction was high (d=1.31 to 1.51) and remained stable for the follow-up period. Therapists identified advantages (eg, patient engagement, treatment intensification, and improved therapeutic relation) and disadvantages (eg, increased workload, data issues, and undesired effects) of bGT. The required online guidance time was 10.3 min per patient and week, including guidance on exercises (67% or 6.9 min) and intimate communication (33% or 3.4 min). Concerning patients' adherence to bGT, tracked completion of all Web-based and mobile tasks was high and comparable with group attendance. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest high feasibility of bGT in a gender-balanced, moderately educated sample. bGT provides group therapists with tools for individual care, resulting in an optimization of the therapy process, and high completion rates of the implemented bGT elements. The limited work experience of the involved therapists restricts the study findings, and potential drawbacks need to be regarded in the development of future bGT interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schuster
- Center for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Inanna Kalthoff
- Center for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Walther
- Center for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lena Köhldorfer
- Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development and Promotion, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edith Partinger
- Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development and Promotion, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Anton-Rupert Laireiter
- Center for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development and Promotion, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Inkster B, Sarda S, Subramanian V. An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018; 6:e12106. [PMID: 30470676 PMCID: PMC6286427 DOI: 10.2196/12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A World Health Organization 2017 report stated that major depression affects almost 5% of the human population. Major depression is associated with impaired psychosocial functioning and reduced quality of life. Challenges such as shortage of mental health personnel, long waiting times, perceived stigma, and lower government spends pose barriers to the alleviation of mental health problems. Face-to-face psychotherapy alone provides only point-in-time support and cannot scale quickly enough to address this growing global public health challenge. Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled, empathetic, and evidence-driven conversational mobile app technologies could play an active role in filling this gap by increasing adoption and enabling reach. Although such a technology can help manage these barriers, they should never replace time with a health care professional for more severe mental health problems. However, app technologies could act as a supplementary or intermediate support system. Mobile mental well-being apps need to uphold privacy and foster both short- and long-term positive outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to present a preliminary real-world data evaluation of the effectiveness and engagement levels of an AI-enabled, empathetic, text-based conversational mobile mental well-being app, Wysa, on users with self-reported symptoms of depression. METHODS In the study, a group of anonymous global users were observed who voluntarily installed the Wysa app, engaged in text-based messaging, and self-reported symptoms of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. On the basis of the extent of app usage on and between 2 consecutive screening time points, 2 distinct groups of users (high users and low users) emerged. The study used mixed-methods approach to evaluate the impact and engagement levels among these users. The quantitative analysis measured the app impact by comparing the average improvement in symptoms of depression between high and low users. The qualitative analysis measured the app engagement and experience by analyzing in-app user feedback and evaluated the performance of a machine learning classifier to detect user objections during conversations. RESULTS The average mood improvement (ie, difference in pre- and post-self-reported depression scores) between the groups (ie, high vs low users; n=108 and n=21, respectively) revealed that the high users group had significantly higher average improvement (mean 5.84 [SD 6.66]) compared with the low users group (mean 3.52 [SD 6.15]); Mann-Whitney P=.03 and with a moderate effect size of 0.63. Moreover, 67.7% of user-provided feedback responses found the app experience helpful and encouraging. CONCLUSIONS The real-world data evaluation findings on the effectiveness and engagement levels of Wysa app on users with self-reported symptoms of depression show promise. However, further work is required to validate these initial findings in much larger samples and across longer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Inkster
- School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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27
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Beukes EW, Manchaiah V, Davies ASA, Allen PM, Baguley DM, Andersson G. Participants’ experiences of an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for tinnitus. Int J Audiol 2018; 57:947-954. [DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1514538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eldré W. Beukes
- Department of Vision and Hearing Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, USA
| | - Vinaya Manchaiah
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, USA
- Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Audiology India, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Alice S. A. Davies
- College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Audiology Department, Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend, UK
| | - Peter M. Allen
- Department of Vision and Hearing Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - David M. Baguley
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Lundgren J, Johansson P, Jaarsma T, Andersson G, Kärner Köhler A. Patient Experiences of Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Heart Failure and Depression: Qualitative Study. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e10302. [PMID: 30185405 PMCID: PMC6231888 DOI: 10.2196/10302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (wCBT) has been proposed as a possible treatment for patients with heart failure and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms are common in patients with heart failure and such symptoms are known to significantly worsen their health. Although there are promising results on the effect of wCBT, there is a knowledge gap regarding how persons with chronic heart failure and depressive symptoms experience wCBT. Objective The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of participating and receiving health care through a wCBT intervention among persons with heart failure and depressive symptoms. Methods In this qualitative, inductive, exploratory, and descriptive study, participants with experiences of a wCBT program were interviewed. The participants were included through purposeful sampling among participants previously included in a quantitative study on wCBT. Overall, 13 participants consented to take part in this study and were interviewed via telephone using an interview guide. Verbatim transcripts from the interviews were qualitatively analyzed following the recommendations discussed by Patton in Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice. After coding each interview, codes were formed into categories. Results Overall, six categories were identified during the analysis process. They were as follows: “Something other than usual health care,” “Relevance and recognition,” “Flexible, understandable, and safe,” “Technical problems,” “Improvements by real-time contact,” and “Managing my life better.” One central and common pattern in the findings was that participants experienced the wCBT program as something they did themselves and many participants described the program as a form of self-care. Conclusions Persons with heart failure and depressive symptoms described wCBT as challenging. This was due to participants balancing the urge for real-time contact with perceived anonymity and not postponing the work with the program. wCBT appears to be a valuable tool for managing depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lundgren
- Division of Nursing Science, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- Division of Nursing Science, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Tiny Jaarsma
- Division of Nursing Science, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.,Mary Mackillop Institute, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anita Kärner Köhler
- Division of Nursing Science, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
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29
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Schuster R, Sigl S, Berger T, Laireiter AR. Patients' Experiences of Web- and Mobile-Assisted Group Therapy for Depression and Implications of the Group Setting: Qualitative Follow-Up Study. JMIR Ment Health 2018; 5:e49. [PMID: 29997106 PMCID: PMC6060305 DOI: 10.2196/mental.9613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blended group therapy combines group sessions with Web- and mobile-based treatment modules. Consequently, blended group therapy widens the choice within blended interventions at reasonable costs. This is the first qualitative study on blended group therapy. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the patient-centered feasibility of blended group therapy for major depression, with special emphasis on the fit and dynamic interplay between face-to-face and internet-based elements. METHODS A total of 22 patients who had a variety of experiences through participating in one of the two blended group therapy interventions were interviewed following a semistructured interview guide. In-depth interviews were analyzed by three trained psychologists, using thematic analysis and a rule-guided internet-based program (QCAmap). The transcript of the interviews (113,555 words) was reduced to 1081 coded units, with subsequent extraction of 16 themes. RESULTS Web- and mobile-based elements were described as a treatment facilitator and motivator, increasing the salience and consolidation of cognitive behavioral therapy materials, resulting in in- and inter-session alignment to the treatment. Additionally, patients valued the option of intimate Web-based self-disclosure (by lateral patient-therapist communication), and therapists were provided with tools for between-session monitoring and reinforcement of exercising. In this context, group phenomena seemed to back up therapists' efforts to increase treatment engagement. The dissonance because of noncompliance with Web-based tasks and the constriction of in-session group interaction were considered as possible negative effects. Finally, issues of tailoring and structure seemed to fulfill different preconditions compared with individual therapy. CONCLUSIONS Blended group therapy constitutes a structured and proactive approach to work with depression, and the integration of both modalities initiates a beneficial interplay. Results support the patient-centered value of blended group therapy and provide the first insight into blended group therapy's role in fostering therapeutic treatment factors. However, potential negative effects should be considered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schuster
- Center for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sophia Sigl
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Anton-Rupert Laireiter
- Center for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fleischmann R, Harrer M, Zarski AC, Baumeister H, Lehr D, Ebert D. Patients' experiences in a guided Internet- and App-based stress intervention for college students: A qualitative study. Internet Interv 2018; 12:130-140. [PMID: 30135777 PMCID: PMC6096317 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Academic education is often associated with increased stress and adverse effects on mental health. Internet-based interventions have shown to be effective in reducing stress-related symptoms. However, college students as target group so far have not been reached appropriately with psychological interventions and little is known about college students' perception of Internet-based stress management interventions. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of students participating in an Internet- and App-based stress management intervention originally developed for stressed employees and subsequently adapted and tailored to college students. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten participants selected from a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effectiveness of an Internet- and App-based stress training. The selection of participants aimed to include students with different levels of treatment success. In order to enable an in-depth examination of intervention elements causing dissatisfaction, the interviews were systematically adapted regarding participants' statements in a precedent questionnaire. The interview material was analyzed based on the grounded theory method and thematic analysis. RESULTS Results suggest students perceive a necessity to adapt Internet-based interventions to their particular needs. Students' statements indicate that a scientific perspective on the intervention and instable life circumstances could be student-specific factors affecting treatment experience. General themes emerging from the data were attitudes towards individualization and authenticity as well as demands towards different functions of feedback. DISCUSSION Participants' experiences hint at certain intellectual and lifestyle-related characteristics of this population. Future studies should explore whether adaptions to these characteristics lead to a higher acceptance, adherence and effectiveness in the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.J. Fleischmann
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Clinical Psychology und Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Nägelsbachstr. 25a, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Harrer
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Clinical Psychology und Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Nägelsbachstr. 25a, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A.-C. Zarski
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Clinical Psychology und Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Nägelsbachstr. 25a, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - H. Baumeister
- University of Ulm, Clinical Psychology und Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - D. Lehr
- Leuphana University Lüneburg, Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - D.D. Ebert
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Clinical Psychology und Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Nägelsbachstr. 25a, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Andersson G. Internet interventions: Past, present and future. Internet Interv 2018; 12:181-188. [PMID: 30135782 PMCID: PMC6096319 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Internet interventions have been around now for about 20 years. While the field still suffers from a scattered terminology a large number of programs and studies exist. In the present paper I present an overview of my experiences of studying internet-supported cognitive-behaviour therapy (ICBT), but also mention other approaches including the use of smartphones. The paper covers the history of ICBT, short-term effects in controlled trials for a range of conditions, long-term effects, comparisons against face-to-face therapy, effectiveness studies, prediction studies, how the treatment is perceived, critique, and finally future directions. I conclude that we have now reached a stage in which we have numerous evidence-based treatments and procedures, and increasingly internet interventions including ICBT are disseminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Campus Valla, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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Grist R, Porter J, Stallard P. Acceptability, Use, and Safety of a Mobile Phone App (BlueIce) for Young People Who Self-Harm: Qualitative Study of Service Users' Experience. JMIR Ment Health 2018; 5:e16. [PMID: 29475823 PMCID: PMC5845106 DOI: 10.2196/mental.8779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm is common among adolescents and is associated with a number of negative psychosocial outcomes including a higher risk of suicide. Recent reviews highlight the lack of research into specific interventions for children and young people who self-harm. Developing innovative interventions that are coproduced with individuals with lived experience and that reduce self-harm are key challenges for self-harm prevention. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the acceptability, use, and safety of BlueIce, a mobile phone app for young people who self-harm and who are attending child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). METHODS This study is part of a mixed methods phase 1 trial of BlueIce. Young people aged 12-17 years attending specialist CAMHS were recruited. Clinicians were invited to refer young people who were self-harming or who had a history of self-harm. On consent being obtained and baseline measures taken, participants used BlueIce as an adjunct to usual care for an initial familiarization period of 2 weeks. If after this time they wanted to continue, they used BlueIce for a further 10 weeks. Semistructured interviews were conducted at postfamiliarization (2 weeks after using BlueIce) and postuse (12 weeks after using BlueIce) to assess the acceptability, use, and safety of BlueIce. We undertook a qualitative analysis using a deductive approach, and then an inductive approach, to investigate common themes. RESULTS Postfamiliarization interviews were conducted with 40 participants. Of these, 37 participants elected to use BlueIce, with postuse interviews being conducted with 33 participants. Following 6 key themes emerged from the data: (1) appraisal of BlueIce, (2) usability of BlueIce, (3) safety, (4) benefits of BlueIce, (5) agency and control, and (6) BlueIce less helpful. The participants reported that BlueIce was accessible, easy to use, and convenient. Many highlighted the mood diary and mood lifter sections as particularly helpful in offering a way to track their moods and offering new strategies to manage their thoughts to self-harm. No adverse effects were reported. For those who did not find BlueIce helpful, issues around motivation to stop self-harming impeded their ability to use the app. CONCLUSIONS BlueIce was judged to be a helpful and safe way of supporting adolescents to manage thoughts of self-harming. Adolescents reported numerous benefits of using BlueIce, and all would recommend the app to other young people who were struggling with self-harm. These preliminary findings are encouraging and provide initial support for the acceptability of BlueIce as a self-help intervention used in conjunction with the traditional face-to-face therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grist
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Porter
- Child and Family Mental Health, Temple House, Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Keynsham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Stallard
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,Child and Family Mental Health, Temple House, Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Keynsham, United Kingdom
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Urech A, Krieger T, Möseneder L, Biaggi A, Vincent A, Poppe C, Meyer B, Riper H, Berger T. A patient post hoc perspective on advantages and disadvantages of blended cognitive behaviour therapy for depression: A qualitative content analysis. Psychother Res 2018; 29:986-998. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2018.1430910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Urech
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Krieger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Möseneder
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adriana Biaggi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Vincent
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Björn Meyer
- Department of Psychology, City University, London, UK
- Research Department, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heleen Riper
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, & Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit (VU), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Iakimova G, Dimitrova S, Burté T. [Can we do therapy without a therapist? Active components of computer-based CBT for depression]. L'ENCEPHALE 2017; 43:582-593. [PMID: 27745720 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Computer-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapies (C-CBT) are emerging as therapeutic techniques which contribute to overcome the barriers of health care access in adult populations with depression. The C-CBTs provide CBT techniques in a highly structured format comprising a number of educational lessons, homework, multimedia illustrations and supplementary materials via interactive computer interfaces. Programs are often administrated with a minimal or regular support provided by a clinician or a technician via email, telephone, online forums, or during face-to-face consultations. However, a lot of C-CBT is provided without any therapeutic support. Several reports showed that C-CBTs, both guided or unguided by a therapist, may be reliable and effective for patients with depression, and their use was recommended as part of the first step of the clinical care. The aim of the present qualitative review is to describe the operational format and functioning of five of the most cited unguided C-CBT programs for depression, to analyze their characteristics according to the CBT's principles, and to discuss the results of the randomized clinical trials (RCT) conducted to evaluate its effectiveness, adherence and user's experience. METHODS We analyzed five C-CBTs: Beating The Blues (BTB), MoodGYM, Sadness, Deprexis and Overcoming Depression on the Internet (ODIN) and 22 randomized controlled studies according to 5 dimensions: General characteristics; Methodology, structure and organization; Specific modules, themes and techniques: Clinical indications, recruitment mode, type of users with depression, type and mode of therapist's support, overall therapeutic effects, adherence and user's experience. RESULTS The C-CBT have a secured free or pay-to-use access in different languages (English, German, Dutch, and Chinese) but not in French. The programs may be accessed at a medical center or at home via a CD-ROM or via an Internet connection. Some C-CBTs are very close to textual self-helps provided via an E-learning mode (Sadness, MoodGYM, ODIN), others adopt interactive software technologies (Deprexis, BTB), but their interactivity and the possibility of personalization is low. The C-CBTs use similar principles and techniques as in face-to -face CBT (e.g. self-evaluation, psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, cognitive restructuring of schema, behavioral activation and agenda setting, problem solving techniques, communication and crisis management techniques, relaxation, principles of positive psychology and relapse prevention, positive reinforcement methods, motivational feedbacks, social learning, homework assignments and progress monitoring). The results of the 22 RCSs showed that both the effectiveness and the adherence of the unguided C-CBT is high with self-referred active help-seekers with major depression, but the latter is low with users who are depressed out-patients referred by general practitioners or clinicians. The presence of therapist support improves the effectiveness and the adherence of the C-CBT, especially in clinical out-patients. CONCLUSIONS In light of the existing insight of the advantages and the inconvenient of the C-CBT, the actual challenge is to find its optimal clinical indication and the modality of its effective use in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Iakimova
- Laboratoire d'anthropologie et de psychologie cognitives et sociales (LAPCOS, EA 7278), université Côte d'Azur, 24, avenue des Diables-Bleus, 06357 Nice cedex 04, France.
| | - S Dimitrova
- Laboratoire d'anthropologie et de psychologie cognitives et sociales (LAPCOS, EA 7278), université Côte d'Azur, 24, avenue des Diables-Bleus, 06357 Nice cedex 04, France
| | - T Burté
- Laboratoire d'anthropologie et de psychologie cognitives et sociales (LAPCOS, EA 7278), université Côte d'Azur, 24, avenue des Diables-Bleus, 06357 Nice cedex 04, France; Service de psychiatrie (pôle neurosciences cliniques), université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, hôpital Pasteur, 30, avenue de la Voie-Romaine, 06100 Nice, France
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Ly KH, Ly AM, Andersson G. A fully automated conversational agent for promoting mental well-being: A pilot RCT using mixed methods. Internet Interv 2017; 10:39-46. [PMID: 30135751 PMCID: PMC6084875 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully automated self-help interventions can serve as highly cost-effective mental health promotion tools for massive amounts of people. However, these interventions are often characterised by poor adherence. One way to address this problem is to mimic therapy support by a conversational agent. The objectives of this study were to assess the effectiveness and adherence of a smartphone app, delivering strategies used in positive psychology and CBT interventions via an automated chatbot (Shim) for a non-clinical population - as well as to explore participants' views and experiences of interacting with this chatbot. A total of 28 participants were randomized to either receive the chatbot intervention (n = 14) or to a wait-list control group (n = 14). Findings revealed that participants who adhered to the intervention (n = 13) showed significant interaction effects of group and time on psychological well-being (FS) and perceived stress (PSS-10) compared to the wait-list control group, with small to large between effect sizes (Cohen's d range 0.14-1.06). Also, the participants showed high engagement during the 2-week long intervention, with an average open app ratio of 17.71 times for the whole period. This is higher compared to other studies on fully automated interventions claiming to be highly engaging, such as Woebot and the Panoply app. The qualitative data revealed sub-themes which, to our knowledge, have not been found previously, such as the moderating format of the chatbot. The results of this study, in particular the good adherence rate, validated the usefulness of replicating this study in the future with a larger sample size and an active control group. This is important, as the search for fully automated, yet highly engaging and effective digital self-help interventions for promoting mental health is crucial for the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Hoa Ly
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,Corresponding author.
| | - Ann-Marie Ly
- Department of Psychology, Mittuniversitetet, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Reducing the rate and duration of Re-ADMISsions among patients with unipolar disorder and bipolar disorder using smartphone-based monitoring and treatment - the RADMIS trials: study protocol for two randomized controlled trials. Trials 2017; 18:277. [PMID: 28619114 PMCID: PMC5472886 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Unipolar and bipolar disorder combined account for nearly half of all morbidity and mortality due to mental and substance use disorders, and burden society with the highest health care costs of all psychiatric and neurological disorders. Among these, costs due to psychiatric hospitalization are a major burden. Smartphones comprise an innovative and unique platform for the monitoring and treatment of depression and mania. No prior trial has investigated whether the use of a smartphone-based system can prevent re-admission among patients discharged from hospital. The present RADMIS trials aim to investigate whether using a smartphone-based monitoring and treatment system, including an integrated clinical feedback loop, reduces the rate and duration of re-admissions more than standard treatment in unipolar disorder and bipolar disorder. Methods The RADMIS trials use a randomized controlled, single-blind, parallel-group design. Patients with unipolar disorder and patients with bipolar disorder are invited to participate in each trial when discharged from psychiatric hospitals in The Capital Region of Denmark following an affective episode and randomized to either (1) a smartphone-based monitoring system including (a) an integrated feedback loop between patients and clinicians and (b) context-aware cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) modules (intervention group) or (2) standard treatment (control group) for a 6-month trial period. The trial started in May 2017. The outcomes are (1) number and duration of re-admissions (primary), (2) severity of depressive and manic (only for patients with bipolar disorder) symptoms; psychosocial functioning; number of affective episodes (secondary), and (3) perceived stress, quality of life, self-rated depressive symptoms, self-rated manic symptoms (only for patients with bipolar disorder), recovery, empowerment, adherence to medication, wellbeing, ruminations, worrying, and satisfaction (tertiary). A total of 400 patients (200 patients with unipolar disorder and 200 patients with bipolar disorder) will be included in the RADMIS trials. Discussion If the smartphone-based monitoring system proves effective in reducing the rate and duration of re-admissions, there will be basis for using a system of this kind in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar disorder in general and on a larger scale. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03033420. Registered 13 January 2017. Ethical approval has been obtained. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2015-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Birkhoff SD, Smeltzer SC. Perceptions of Smartphone User-Centered Mobile Health Tracking Apps Across Various Chronic Illness Populations: An Integrative Review. J Nurs Scholarsh 2017; 49:371-378. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Birkhoff
- Alpha Nu , Doctoral Candidate, Villanova University; College of Nursing; Villanova PA USA
| | - Suzanne C. Smeltzer
- Alpha Nu , Director of Center for Nursing Research and Professor, Villanova University; College of Nursing; Villanova PA USA
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Torous J, Levin ME, Ahern DK, Oser ML. Cognitive Behavioral Mobile Applications: Clinical Studies, Marketplace Overview, and Research Agenda. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Jibb LA, Cafazzo JA, Nathan PC, Seto E, Stevens BJ, Nguyen C, Stinson JN. Development of a mHealth Real-Time Pain Self-Management App for Adolescents With Cancer: An Iterative Usability Testing Study [Formula: see text]. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2017; 34:283-294. [PMID: 28376666 DOI: 10.1177/1043454217697022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A user-centered design approach was used to refine the mHealth Pain Squad+ real-time pain self-management app for adolescents with cancer for its usability (defined as being easy to use, easy to understand, efficient to complete, and acceptable). METHOD Three iterative usability testing cycles involving adolescent observation and interview were used to achieve this objective. During each cycle, adolescents used the app while "thinking aloud" about issues encountered. Observed difficulties and errors were recorded and a semistructured interview about the experience was conducted. Using a qualitative conventional content analysis approach, themes related to app usability were identified. RESULTS Participants required an average of 4.3 minutes to complete the pain assessment component of Pain Squad+. Overall, the app was acceptable. Problematic issues related to software malfunction, interface design flaws, and confusing text. Software revisions were made to address each issue. CONCLUSION The multifaceted usability approach used provided insight into how a real-time app can be made acceptable to adolescents with cancer and succeeded in developing a Pain Squad+ app that is fit for future effectiveness testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Jibb
- 1 Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph A Cafazzo
- 2 University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Nathan
- 1 Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Seto
- 2 University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bonnie J Stevens
- 1 Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer N Stinson
- 1 Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lenhard F, Vigerland S, Engberg H, Hallberg A, Thermaenius H, Serlachius E. "On My Own, but Not Alone" - Adolescents' Experiences of Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164311. [PMID: 27711249 PMCID: PMC5053512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and impairing condition that can be effectively treated with Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). However, a majority of children and adolescents do not have access to CBT. Internet-delivered CBT (ICBT) has been suggested as a way to increase availability to effective psychological treatments. Yet, the research on ICBT in children and adolescents has been lagging behind significantly both when it comes to quantitative as well as qualitative studies. The aim of the current study was to describe the experience of ICBT in adolescents with OCD. METHOD Eight adolescents with OCD that had received ICBT were interviewed with qualitative methodology regarding their experiences of the intervention. Data was summarized into thematic categories. RESULTS Two overarching themes were identified, autonomy and support, each consisting of three primary themes (self-efficacy, flexibility, secure self-disclosure and clinician support, parental support, identification/normalization, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The experiential hierarchical model that was identified in this study is, in part, transferrable to previous research. In addition, it highlights the need of further study of important process variables of ICBT in young patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Lenhard
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Vigerland
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Engberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Hallberg
- Östersund Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Östersunds sjukhus, 831 83 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Thermaenius
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Serlachius
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Krebber AMH, van Uden-Kraan CF, Melissant HC, Cuijpers P, van Straten A, Becker-Commissaris A, Leemans CR, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM. A guided self-help intervention targeting psychological distress among head and neck cancer and lung cancer patients: motivation to start, experiences and perceived outcomes. Support Care Cancer 2016; 25:127-135. [PMID: 27585808 PMCID: PMC5127860 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent results of a randomized clinical trial showed that a guided self-help intervention (based on problem-solving therapy) targeting psychological distress among head and neck cancer and lung cancer patients is effective. This study qualitatively explored motivation to start, experiences with and perceived outcomes of this intervention. Methods Data were collected from semi-structured interviews of 16 patients. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed individually by two coders and coded into key issues and themes. Results Patients participated in the intervention for intrinsic (e.g. to help oneself) and for extrinsic reasons (e.g. being asked by a care professional or to help improve health care). Participants indicated positive and negative experiences with the intervention. Several participants appreciated participating as being a pleasant way to work on oneself, while others described participating as too confrontational. Some expressed their disappointment as they felt the intervention had brought them nothing or indicated that they felt worse temporarily, but most participants perceived positive outcomes of the intervention (e.g. feeling less distressed and having learned what matters in life). Conclusions Cancer patients have various reasons to start a guided self-help intervention. Participants appreciated the guided self-help as intervention to address psychological distress, but there were also concerns. Most participants reported the intervention to be beneficial. The results suggest the need to identify patients who might benefit most from guided self-help targeting psychological distress and that interventions should be further tailored to individual cancer patients’ requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie H Krebber
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,VUmc Cancer Center, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia F van Uden-Kraan
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,VUmc Cancer Center, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen C Melissant
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,VUmc Cancer Center, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke van Straten
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Becker-Commissaris
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,VUmc Cancer Center, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irma M Verdonck-de Leeuw
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,VUmc Cancer Center, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Parikh SV, Quilty LC, Ravitz P, Rosenbluth M, Pavlova B, Grigoriadis S, Velyvis V, Kennedy SH, Lam RW, MacQueen GM, Milev RV, Ravindran AV, Uher R. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Section 2. Psychological Treatments. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:524-39. [PMID: 27486150 PMCID: PMC4994791 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716659418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) has revised its 2009 guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults by updating the evidence and recommendations. The target audiences for these 2016 guidelines are psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. METHODS Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was graded using CANMAT-defined criteria for level of evidence. Recommendations for lines of treatment were based on the quality of evidence and clinical expert consensus. "Psychological Treatments" is the second of six sections of the 2016 guidelines. RESULTS Evidence-informed responses were developed for 25 questions under 5 broad categories: 1) patient characteristics relevant to using psychological interventions; 2) therapist and health system characteristics associated with optimizing outcomes; 3) descriptions of major psychotherapies and their efficacy; 4) additional psychological interventions, such as peer interventions and computer- and technology-delivered interventions; and 5) combining and/or sequencing psychological and pharmacological interventions. CONCLUSIONS First-line psychological treatment recommendations for acute MDD include cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), and behavioural activation (BA). Second-line recommendations include computer-based and telephone-delivered psychotherapy. Where feasible, combining psychological treatment (CBT or IPT) with antidepressant treatment is recommended because combined treatment is superior to either treatment alone. First-line psychological treatments for maintenance include CBT and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). Patient preference, in combination with evidence-based treatments and clinician/system capacity, will yield the optimal treatment strategies for improving individual outcomes in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar V Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Lena C Quilty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Paula Ravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Barbara Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | | | | | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | | | - Roumen V Milev
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario
| | - Arun V Ravindran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
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Huguet A, Rao S, McGrath PJ, Wozney L, Wheaton M, Conrod J, Rozario S. A Systematic Review of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Behavioral Activation Apps for Depression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154248. [PMID: 27135410 PMCID: PMC4852920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental health condition for which many mobile apps aim to provide support. This review aims to identify self-help apps available exclusively for people with depression and evaluate those that offer cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or behavioural activation (BA). One hundred and seventeen apps have been identified after searching both the scientific literature and the commercial market. 10.26% (n = 12) of these apps identified through our search offer support that seems to be consistent with evidence-based principles of CBT or BA. Taking into account the non existence of effectiveness/efficacy studies, and the low level of adherence to the core ingredients of the CBT/BA models, the utility of these CBT/BA apps are questionable. The usability of reviewed apps is highly variable and they rarely are accompanied by explicit privacy or safety policies. Despite the growing public demand, there is a concerning lack of appropiate CBT or BA apps, especially from a clinical and legal point of view. The application of superior scientific, technological, and legal knowledge is needed to improve the development, testing, and accessibility of apps for people with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Huguet
- Center for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sanjay Rao
- Annapolis Valley Health, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Patrick J. McGrath
- Center for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lori Wozney
- Center for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mike Wheaton
- Center for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jill Conrod
- Center for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sharlene Rozario
- Center for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Development and initial evaluation of blended cognitive behavioural treatment for major depression in routine specialized mental health care. Internet Interv 2016; 4:61-71. [PMID: 30135791 PMCID: PMC6096194 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blended care combines face-to-face treatment with web-based components in mental health care settings. Blended treatment could potentially improve active patient participation, by letting patients work though part of the protocol autonomously. Further, blended treatment might lower the costs of mental health care, by reducing treatment duration and/or therapist contact. However, knowledge on blended care for depression is still limited. OBJECTIVES To develop a blended cognitive behavioural treatment (bCBT) for depressed patients in an outpatient specialized mental health care centre and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of this bCBT protocol. METHOD A bCBT protocol was developed, taking recommendations into account from depressed patients (n = 3) and therapists and experts in the field of e-health (n = 18). Next, an initial evaluation of integrated high-intensive bCBT was conducted with depressed patients (n = 9) in specialized mental health care. Patients' clinical profiles were established based on pre-treatment diagnostic information and patient self-reports on clinical measures. Patient treatment adherence rates were explored, together with patient ratings of credibility and expectancy (CEQ) before treatment, and system usability (SUS) and treatment satisfaction after treatment (CSQ-8). During and after treatment, the blended treatment protocol was evaluated in supervision sessions with the participating therapists (n = 7). RESULTS Seven out of nine patients started bCBT, of whom five completed ≥ 90% of treatment. System usability was evaluated as being above average (range 63 to 85), and patients were mostly to very satisfied with bCBT (range 16 to 32). Patients reported improvements in depression, health-related quality of life and anxiety. We observed that therapists evaluated the highly structured blended treatment as a helpful tool in providing evidence-based treatment to this complex patient group. DISCUSSION Although no conclusions can be drawn based on the current study, our observations suggest that a blended CBT approach might shorten treatment duration and has the potential to be a valuable treatment option for patients with severe depression in specialized mental health care settings. Further exploration of the effectiveness of our bCBT protocol by means of a randomized controlled trial is warranted.
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Rozental A, Forsström D, Tangen JA, Carlbring P. Experiences of undergoing Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for procrastination: A qualitative study. Internet Interv 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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