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Kim JY, Mayatepek E, Seyfarth J, Jacobsen M. High common-γ cytokine receptor levels promote expression of Interleukin-2/Interleukin-7 receptor α-chains with implications on T-cell differentiation and function. Immunology 2024; 173:93-105. [PMID: 38778445 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines of the common-γ receptor chain (γc) family are crucial for T-cell differentiation and dysregulation of γc cytokine pathways is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. There is increasing evidence that the availability of the γc receptor (CD132) for the associated receptor chains has implications for T-cell functions. Here we studied the influence of differential γc expression on the expression of the IL-2Rα (CD25), the IL-7Rα (CD127) and the differentiation of activated naïve T cells. We fine-tuned the regulation of γc expression in human primary naïve T cells by lentiviral transduction using small hairpin (sh)RNAs and γc cDNA. Differential γc levels were then analysed for effects on T-cell phenotype and function after activation. Differential γc expression markedly affected IL-2Rα and IL-7Rα expression on activated naïve T cells. High γc expression (γc-high) induced significantly higher expression of IL-2Rα and re-expression of IL-7Rα after activation. Inhibition of γc caused lower IL-2Rα/IL-7Rα expression and impaired proliferation of activated naïve T cells. In contrast, γc-high T cells secreted significantly higher concentrations of effector cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-6) and showed higher cytokine-receptor induced STAT5 phosphorylation during initial stages as well as persistently higher pSTAT1 and pSTAT3 levels after activation. Finally, accelerated transition towards a CD45RO expressing effector/memory phenotype was seen especially for CD4+ γc-high naïve T cells. These results suggested that high expression of γc promotes expression of IL-2Rα and IL-7Rα on activated naïve T cells with significant effects on differentiation and effector cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Kim
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Shouse AN, LaPorte KM, Malek TR. Interleukin-2 signaling in the regulation of T cell biology in autoimmunity and cancer. Immunity 2024; 57:414-428. [PMID: 38479359 PMCID: PMC11126276 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a critical cytokine for T cell peripheral tolerance and immunity. Here, we review how IL-2 interaction with the high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) supports the development and homeostasis of regulatory T cells and contributes to the differentiation of helper, cytotoxic, and memory T cells. A critical element for each T cell population is the expression of CD25 (Il2rα), which heightens the receptor affinity for IL-2. Signaling through the high-affinity IL-2R also reinvigorates CD8+ exhausted T (Tex) cells in response to checkpoint blockade. We consider the molecular underpinnings reflecting how IL-2R signaling impacts these various T cell subsets and the implications for enhancing IL-2-dependent immunotherapy of autoimmunity, other inflammatory disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acacia N Shouse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kathryn M LaPorte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Shim JA, Lee SM, Jeong JW, Kim H, Son WJ, Park JH, Song P, Im SH, Bae S, Park JH, Jo Y, Hong C. NFAT1 and NFκB regulates expression of the common γ-chain cytokine receptor in activated T cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:309. [PMID: 37904191 PMCID: PMC10617197 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokines of the common γ chain (γc) family are critical for the development, differentiation, and survival of T lineage cells. Cytokines play key roles in immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer. Although γc is considered an assistant receptor to transmit cytokine signals and is an indispensable receptor in the immune system, its regulatory mechanism is not yet well understood. OBJECTIVE This study focused on the molecular mechanisms that γc expression in T cells is regulated under T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. METHODS The γc expression in TCR-stimulated T cells was determined by flow cytometry, western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. The regulatory mechanism of γc expression in activated T cells was examined by promoter-luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. NFAT1 and NFκB deficient cells generated using CRISPR-Cas9 and specific inhibitors were used to examine their role in regulation of γc expression. Specific binding motif was confirmed by γc promotor mutant cells generated using CRISPR-Cas9. IL-7TgγcTg mice were used to examine regulatory role of γc in cytokine signaling. RESULTS We found that activated T cells significantly upregulated γc expression, wherein NFAT1 and NFκB were key in transcriptional upregulation via T cell receptor stimulation. Also, we identified the functional binding site of the γc promoter and the synergistic effect of NFAT1 and NFκB in the regulation of γc expression. Increased γc expression inhibited IL-7 signaling and rescued lymphoproliferative disorder in an IL-7Tg animal model, providing novel insights into T cell homeostasis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate functional cooperation between NFAT1 and NFκB in upregulating γc expression in activated T cells. As γc expression also regulates γc cytokine responsiveness, our study suggests that γc expression should be considered as one of the regulators in γc cytokine signaling and the development of T cell immunotherapies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju A Shim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - So Min Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jae Son
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, 58245, Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology (UST), KIOM Campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Parkyong Song
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuna Jo
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 515, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea.
| | - Changwan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Anderson-Crannage M, Ascensión AM, Ibanez-Solé O, Zhu H, Schaefer E, Ottomanelli D, Hochberg B, Pan J, Luo W, Tian M, Chu Y, Cairo MS, Izeta A, Liao Y. Inflammation-mediated fibroblast activation and immune dysregulation in collagen VII-deficient skin. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211505. [PMID: 37809094 PMCID: PMC10557493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is known to play a critical role in all stages of tumorigenesis; however, less is known about how it predisposes the tissue microenvironment preceding tumor formation. Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a skin-blistering disease secondary to COL7A1 mutations and associated with chronic wounding, inflammation, fibrosis, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), models this dynamic. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to analyze gene expression patterns in skin cells from a mouse model of RDEB. We uncovered a complex landscape within the RDEB dermal microenvironment that exhibited altered metabolism, enhanced angiogenesis, hyperproliferative keratinocytes, infiltration and activation of immune cell populations, and inflammatory fibroblast priming. We demonstrated the presence of activated neutrophil and Langerhans cell subpopulations and elevated expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in T cells and antigen-presenting cells, respectively. Unsupervised clustering within the fibroblast population further revealed two differentiation pathways in RDEB fibroblasts, one toward myofibroblasts and the other toward a phenotype that shares the characteristics of inflammatory fibroblast subsets in other inflammatory diseases as well as the IL-1-induced inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) reported in various cancer types. Quantitation of inflammatory cytokines indicated dynamic waves of IL-1α, TGF-β1, TNF, IL-6, and IFN-γ concentrations, along with dermal NF-κB activation preceding JAK/STAT signaling. We further demonstrated the divergent and overlapping roles of these cytokines in inducing inflammatory phenotypes in RDEB patients as well as RDEB mouse-derived fibroblasts together with their healthy controls. In summary, our data have suggested a potential role of inflammation, driven by the chronic release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, in creating an immune-suppressed dermal microenvironment that underlies RDEB disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Anderson-Crannage
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Alex M. Ascensión
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Tissue Engineering Group, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Olga Ibanez-Solé
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Tissue Engineering Group, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Department of Research & Development, Guizhou Atlasus Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang, China
| | - Edo Schaefer
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Darcy Ottomanelli
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Bruno Hochberg
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Meijuan Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Yaya Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Mitchell S. Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Ander Izeta
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Tissue Engineering Group, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science, School of Engineering, Tecnun University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Yanling Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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5
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Cai T, Lenoir Capello R, Pi X, Wu H, Chou JJ. Structural basis of γ chain family receptor sharing at the membrane level. Science 2023; 381:569-576. [PMID: 37535730 DOI: 10.1126/science.add1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Common γ chain (γc) cytokine receptors, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 receptors, are activated upon engagement with a common γc receptor (CD132) by concomitant binding of their ectodomains to an interleukin. In this work, we find that direct interactions between the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of both the γc and the interleukin receptors (ILRs) are also required for receptor activation. Moreover, the same γc TMD can specifically recognize multiple ILR TMDs of diverse sequences within the family. Heterodimer structures of γc TMD bound to IL-7 and IL-9 receptor TMDs-determined in a lipid bilayer-like environment by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-reveal a conserved knob-into-hole mechanism of recognition that mediates receptor sharing within the membrane. Thus, signaling in the γc receptor family requires specific heterotypic interactions of the TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel Lenoir Capello
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiong Pi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James J Chou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Park HJ, Lee SW, Van Kaer L, Lee MS, Hong S. IL-7 Deficiency Exacerbates Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9956. [PMID: 37373104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) plays a vital role in the homeostasis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Although IL-7 has been implicated in T helper (Th)1- and Th17-mediated autoinflammatory diseases, its role in Th2-type allergic disorders, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), remains unclear. Thus, to elucidate the effects of IL-7 deficiency on AD development, we generated IL-7-deficient AD-prone mice by backcrossing IL-7 knockout (KO) B6 mice onto the NC/Nga (NC) mouse strain, a model for human AD. As expected, IL-7 KO NC mice displayed defective development of conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with wild type (WT) NC mice. However, IL-7 KO NC mice presented with enhanced AD clinical scores, IgE hyperproduction, and increased epidermal thickness compared with WT NC mice. Moreover, IL-7 deficiency decreased Th1, Th17, and IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells but increased Th2 cells in the spleen of NC mice, indicating that a reduced Th1/Th2 ratio correlates with severity of AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, significantly more basophils and mast cells infiltrated the skin lesions of IL-7 KO NC mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that IL-7 could be a useful therapeutic target for treating Th2-mediated skin inflammations, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Biomedical Services, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Fernandes MB, Barata JT. IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease: An update through COVID times. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100940. [PMID: 36503870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of IL-7 and IL-7R for normal lymphoid development and an adequately functioning immune system has been recognized for long, with severe immune deficiency and lymphoid leukemia as extreme examples of the consequences of deregulation of the IL-7-IL-7R axis. In this review, we provide an update (focusing on the past couple of years) on IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease. We highlight the findings on IL-7/IL-7R signaling mechanisms and the, sometimes controversial, impact of IL-7 and its receptor on leukocyte biology, COVID-19, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and different solid tumors, as well as their relevance as therapeutic tools or targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
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8
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Mapping autophagosome contents identifies interleukin-7 receptor-α as a key cargo modulating CD4+ T cell proliferation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5174. [PMID: 36055998 PMCID: PMC9440129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are pivotal cells playing roles in the orchestration of humoral and cytotoxic immune responses. It is known that CD4+ T cell proliferation relies on autophagy, but identification of the autophagosomal cargo involved is missing. Here we create a transgenic mouse model, to enable direct mapping of the proteinaceous content of autophagosomes in primary cells by LC3 proximity labelling. Interleukin-7 receptor-α, a cytokine receptor mostly found in naïve and memory T cells, is reproducibly detected in autophagosomes of activated CD4+ T cells. Consistently, CD4+ T cells lacking autophagy show increased interleukin-7 receptor-α surface expression, while no defect in internalisation is observed. Mechanistically, excessive surface interleukin-7 receptor-α sequestrates the common gamma chain, impairing the interleukin-2 receptor assembly and downstream signalling crucial for T cell proliferation. This study shows that key autophagy substrates can be reliably identified in this mouse model and help mechanistically unravel autophagy's contribution to healthy physiology and disease.
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Liu J, Chang HW, Grewal R, Cummins DD, Bui A, Beck KM, Sekhon S, Yan D, Huang ZM, Schmidt TH, Yang EJ, Sanchez IM, Nakamura M, Bhattarai S, Thibodeaux Q, Ahn R, Pauli M, Bhutani T, Rosenblum MD, Liao W. Transcriptomic Profiling of Plaque Psoriasis and Cutaneous T-Cell Subsets during Treatment with Secukinumab. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 2:100094. [PMID: 35757784 PMCID: PMC9214344 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-17A inhibitor secukinumab is efficacious for the treatment of psoriasis. To better understand its mechanism of action, we investigated its impact on psoriatic lesions from 15 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis undergoing secukinumab treatment. We characterized the longitudinal transcriptomic changes of whole lesional skin tissue as well as cutaneous CD4+ and CD8+ T effector cells and CD4+ T regulatory cells across 12 weeks of treatment. Secukinumab was clinically effective and reduced disease-associated overexpression of IL17A , IL17F, IL23A, IL23R, and IFNG in whole tissue as soon as 2 weeks after initiation of treatment. IL17A overexpression in T-cell subsets, primarily CD8+ T cells, was also reduced. Although secukinumab treatment resolved 89‒97% of psoriasis-associated expression differences in bulk tissue and T-cell subsets by week 12 of treatment, we observed expression differences involved in IFN signaling and metallothionein synthesis that remained unresolved at this time point as well as potential treatment-associated expression differences involved in IL-15 signaling. These changes were accompanied by shifts in broader immune cell composition on the basis of deconvolution of RNA-sequencing data. In conclusion, our study reveals several phenotypic and cellular changes within the lesion that underlie clinical improvement from secukinumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Wen Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robby Grewal
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel D. Cummins
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Audrey Bui
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kristen M. Beck
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sahil Sekhon
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Di Yan
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhi-Ming Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timothy H. Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric J. Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Isabelle M. Sanchez
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mio Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shrishti Bhattarai
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Quinn Thibodeaux
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Richard Ahn
- Institute for Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mariela Pauli
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tina Bhutani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael D. Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Correspondence: Wilson Liao, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Box 0808, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
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Prakhar P, Alvarez-DelValle J, Keller H, Crossman A, Tai X, Park YK, Park JH. The small intestine epithelium exempts Foxp3+ Tregs from their IL-2 requirement for homeostasis and effector function. JCI Insight 2021; 6:149656. [PMID: 34747370 PMCID: PMC8663555 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ Tregs are potent immunosuppressive CD4+ T cells that are critical to maintain immune quiescence and prevent autoimmunity. Both the generation and maintenance of Foxp3+ Tregs depend on the cytokine IL-2. Hence, the expression of the IL-2 receptor α-chain (CD25) is not only considered a specific marker, but also a nonredundant requirement for Tregs. Here, we report that Foxp3+ Tregs in the small intestine (SI) epithelium, a critical barrier tissue, are exempt from such an IL-2 requirement, since they had dramatically downregulated CD25 expression, showed minimal STAT5 phosphorylation ex vivo, and were unable to respond to IL-2 in vitro. Nonetheless, SI epithelial Tregs survived and were present at the same frequency as in other lymphoid organs, and they retained potent suppressor function that was associated with high levels of CTLA-4 expression and the production of copious amounts of IL-10. Moreover, adoptive transfer experiments of Foxp3+ Tregs revealed that such IL-2–independent survival and effector functions were imposed by the SI epithelial tissue, suggesting that tissue adaptation is a mechanism that tailors the effector function and survival requirements of Foxp3+ Tregs specific to the tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Prakhar
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaylene Alvarez-DelValle
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hilary Keller
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Assiatu Crossman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuguang Tai
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition-AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Huang JH, Chiang BL. Regulatory T cells induced by B cells suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviate monosodium urate-induced gouty inflammation. iScience 2021; 24:102103. [PMID: 33615201 PMCID: PMC7881254 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells induced by B cells (Treg-of-B cells), a distinct Foxp3- Treg cell subset, have established the roles in the suppression of inflammatory conditions, including asthma and intestinal inflammation. However, little is known about the regulatory effects of Treg-of-B cells on innate immunity. Herein, we examined whether Treg-of-B cells could regulate macrophage function and prevent NLRP3-associated diseases, particularly inflammatory gouty arthritis. Treg-of-B cells, but not thymus-derived Treg or effector T cells, inhibited inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion, caspase-1 activation, and NLRP3 production by LPS/ATP stimulation in a cell contact-dependent manner. In addition, Treg-of-B cells inhibited monosodium urate-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro via NF-κB signaling. Treg-of-B cells ameliorated gouty inflammation in a mouse air pouch model by reducing neutrophil and leukocyte influx and cytokine and chemokine production. Our results demonstrated that Treg-of-B cells exerted regulatory effects on innate immunity by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and feasible for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10041, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
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Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Inhibit CD4+ T Cell Proliferation and Induce Regulatory T Cells as Well as CD127 Expression on CD4+CD25+ T Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010058. [PMID: 33401501 PMCID: PMC7824667 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) exert their immunomodulatory potential on several cell types of the immune system, affecting and influencing the immune response. MSC efficiently inhibit T cell proliferation, reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, limit the differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th subtypes and promote the induction of regulatory T cells (Treg). In this study, we analyzed the immunomodulatory potential of human adipose tissue-derived MSC (ASC), on CD4+ T cells, addressing potential cell-contact dependency in relation to T cell receptor stimulation of whole human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). ASC were cultured with not stimulated or anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMC in direct and transwell cocultures; PBMC alone were used as controls. After 7 days, cocultures were harvested and we analyzed: (1) the inhibitory potential of ASC on CD4+ cell proliferation and (2) phenotypic changes in CD4+ cells in respect of Treg marker (CD25, CD127 and FoxP3) expression. We confirmed the inhibitory potential of ASC on CD4+ cell proliferation, which occurs upon PBMC stimulation and is mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Importantly, ASC reduce both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion, without indications on specific Th differentiation. We found that stimulation induces CD25 expression on CD4+ cells and that, despite inhibiting overall CD4+ cell proliferation, ASC can specifically induce the proliferation of CD4+CD25+ cells. We observed that ASC induce Treg (CD4+CD25+CD127−FoxP3+) only in not stimulated cocultures and that ASC increase the ratio of CD4+CD25+CD127+FoxP3− cells at the expense of CD4+CD25+CD127−FoxP3− cells. Our study provides new insights on the interplay between ASC and CD4+ T cells, proposing that ASC-dependent induction of Treg depends on PBMC activation which affects the balance between the different subpopulations of CD4+CD25+ cells expressing CD127 and/or FoxP3.
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Li C, Park JH. Assessing IL-2-Induced STAT5 Phosphorylation in Fixed, Permeabilized Foxp3 + Treg Cells by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry. STAR Protoc 2020; 1:100195. [PMID: 33377089 PMCID: PMC7757559 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing IL-2-induced phosopho-STAT5 (pSTAT5) content can reveal the cytokine responsiveness of individual T cells. Identifying distinct T cell subsets by nuclear transcription factors, such as Foxp3, and concurrently quantifying intracellular pSTAT5, however, has been technically challenging. Conventional Foxp3 staining buffers quench pSTAT5 signals, while commonly used pSTAT5 staining protocols fail to detect Foxp3. The current protocol resolves these issues by describing a procedure to assess IL-2-induced pSTAT5 contents in Foxp3+ CD4 Treg cells using multiparameter flow cytometry. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Waickman et al. (2020). Assessing IL-2-induced STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) by flow cytometry Optimized fixation, permeabilization protocol for intracellular pSTAT5 staining Concurrent detection of pSTAT5 and nuclear Foxp3 in the same cells Protocol is also applicable for the detection of pSTAT5 in other T cell subsets
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20829, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20829, USA
- Corresponding author
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