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Hurme P, Kähkönen M, Rückert B, Vahlberg T, Turunen R, Vuorinen T, Akdis M, Akdis CA, Jartti T. Disease Severity and Cytokine Expression in the Rhinovirus-Induced First Wheezing Episode. Viruses 2024; 16:924. [PMID: 38932217 PMCID: PMC11209381 DOI: 10.3390/v16060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheezing children infected with rhinovirus (RV) have a markedly increased risk of subsequently developing recurrencies and asthma. No previous studies have assessed the association between cytokine response and the severity of acute illness in the first wheezing episode in children infected with RV. Forty-seven children treated both as inpatients and as outpatients infected with RV only, aged 3-23 months, with severe first wheezing episodes were recruited. During acute illness, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 in vitro. A multiplex ELISA was used to quantitatively identify 56 different cytokines. The mean age of the children was 17 months, 74% were males, 79% were hospitalized, and 33% were sensitized. In adjusted analyses, the inpatient group was characterized by decreased expressions of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α), RANTES (CCL5), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and an increased expression of ENA-78 (CXCL5) compared to the outpatient group. The cytokine response profiles from the PBMCs were different between the inpatient and outpatient groups. Our results support that firmly controlled interplay between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses are required during acute viral infection to absolve the initial infection leading, to less severe illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Hurme
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Miisa Kähkönen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Turunen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tytti Vuorinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Lin Y, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen C, Yang S, Pei G, Lin M, Yu J, Liu X, Wang H, Long J, Yan Q, Liang J, Yao J, Yi F, Meng L, Tan Y, Chen N, Yang Y, Ai Q. CCR5 and inflammatory storm. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102286. [PMID: 38561044 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chemokines and their corresponding receptors play crucial roles in orchestrating inflammatory and immune responses, particularly in the context of pathological conditions disrupting the internal environment. Among these receptors, CCR5 has garnered considerable attention due to its significant involvement in the inflammatory cascade, serving as a pivotal mediator of neuroinflammation and other inflammatory pathways associated with various diseases. However, a notable gap persists in comprehending the intricate mechanisms governing the interplay between CCR5 and its ligands across diverse and intricate inflammatory pathologies. Further exploration is warranted, especially concerning the inflammatory cascade instigated by immune cell infiltration and the precise binding sites within signaling pathways. This study aims to illuminate the regulatory axes modulating signaling pathways in inflammatory cells by providing a comprehensive overview of the pathogenic processes associated with CCR5 and its ligands across various disorders. The primary focus lies on investigating the pathomechanisms associated with CCR5 in disorders related to neuroinflammation, alongside the potential impact of aging on these processes and therapeutic interventions. The discourse culminates in addressing current challenges and envisaging potential future applications, advocating for innovative research endeavors to advance our comprehension of this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Matemal&Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Gang Pei
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Technology Innovation Center/National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Chinese Medicine Powders and Innovative Drugs, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Junpeng Long
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jinping Liang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jiao Yao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Nephrology Department, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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Muthumalage T, Goracci C, Rahman I. Club cell-specific telomere protection protein 1 (TPP1) protects against tobacco smoke-induced lung inflammation, xenobiotic metabolic dysregulation, and injurious responses. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:53-71. [PMID: 38344410 PMCID: PMC10853660 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhaling xenobiotics, such as tobacco smoke is a major risk factor for pulmonary diseases, e.g., COPD/emphysema, interstitial lung disease, and pre-invasive diseases. Shelterin complex or telosome provides telomeric end protection during replication. Telomere protection protein 1 (TPP1) is one of the main six subunits of the shelterin complex supporting the telomere stability and genomic integrity. Dysfunctional telomeres and shelterin complex are associated as a disease mechanism of tobacco smoke-induced pulmonary damage and disease processes. The airway epithelium is critical to maintaining respiratory homeostasis and is implicated in lung diseases. Club cells (also known as clara cells) play an essential role in the immune response, surfactant production, and metabolism. Disrupted shelterin complex may lead to dysregulated cellular function, DNA damage, and disease progression. However, it is unknown if the conditional removal of TPP1 from Club cells can induce lung disease pathogenesis caused by tobacco smoke exposure. In this study, conditional knockout of Club-cell specific TPP1 demonstrated the instability of other shelterin protein subunits, such as TRF1, dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoint proteins, p53 and downstream targets, and dysregulation of telomeric genes. This was associated with age-dependent senescence-associated genes, increased DNA damage, and upregulated RANTES/IL13/IL33 mediated lung inflammation and injury network by cigarette smoke (CS). These phenomena are also associated with alterations in cytochrome P450 and glutathione transferases, upregulated molecular pathways promoting lung lesions, bronchial neoplasms, and adenocarcinomas. These findings suggest a pivotal role of TPP1 in maintaining lung homeostasis and injurious responses in response to CS. Thus, these data TPP1 may have therapeutic value in alleviating telomere-related chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Chiara Goracci
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
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Hurme P, Sahla R, Rückert B, Vahlberg T, Turunen R, Vuorinen T, Akdis M, Söderlund‐Venermo M, Akdis C, Jartti T. Human bocavirus 1 coinfection is associated with decreased cytokine expression in the rhinovirus-induced first wheezing episode in children. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12311. [PMID: 38006383 PMCID: PMC10642552 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV)-induced first wheezing episodes in children are associated with a markedly increased risk of asthma. Previous studies have suggested that human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) may modify RV-induced immune responses in young children. We investigated cytokine profiles of sole RV- and dual RV-HBoV1-induced first wheezing episodes, and their association with severity and prognosis. METHODS Fifty-two children infected with only RV and nine children infected with dual RV-HBoV1, aged 3-23 months, with severe first wheezing episodes were recruited. At acute illness and 2 weeks later, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 in vitro. Multiplex ELISA was used to quantitatively identify 56 different cytokines at both study points. Patients were prospectively followed for 4 years. RESULTS The mean age of the children was 14.3 months, and 30% were sensitized. During the acute illness, the adjusted analyses revealed a decrease in the expression of IL-1b, MIP-1b, Regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (CCL5), TNF-a, TARC, and ENA-78 in the RV-HBoV1 group compared with the RV group. In the convalescence phase, the RV-HBoV1 group was characterized by decreased expression of Fractalkine, MCP-3, and IL-8 compared to the RV group. Furthermore, the hospitalization time was associated with the virus group and cytokine response (interaction p < 0.05), signifying that increased levels of epidermal growth factor and MIP-1b were related with a shorter duration of hospitalization in the RV-HBoV1 coinfection group but not in the RV group. CONCLUSIONS Different cytokine response profiles were detected between the RV and the RV-HBoV1 groups. Our results show the idea that RV-induced immune responses may be suppressed by HBoV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Hurme
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University HospitalUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Reetta Sahla
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University HospitalUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZürichChristine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Riitta Turunen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University HospitalUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- New Children's HospitalHelsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tytti Vuorinen
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZürichChristine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
| | | | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZürichChristine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University HospitalUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Research Unit of Clinical MedicineMedical Research CenterUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
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5
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Gauthier M, Kale SL, Oriss TB, Gorry M, Ramonell RP, Dalton K, Ray P, Fahy JV, Seibold MA, Castro M, Jarjour N, Gaston B, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA, Moore W, Hastie AT, Israel E, Levy BD, Mauger D, Erzurum S, Comhair SA, Wenzel SE, Ray A. CCL5 is a potential bridge between type 1 and type 2 inflammation in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:94-106.e12. [PMID: 36893862 PMCID: PMC10330021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 (T1) inflammation (marked by IFN-γ expression) is now consistently identified in subsets of asthma cohorts, but how it contributes to disease remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the role of CCL5 in asthmatic T1 inflammation and how it interacts with both T1 and type 2 (T2) inflammation. METHODS CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10 messenger RNA expression from sputum bulk RNA sequencing, as well as clinical and inflammatory data were obtained from the Severe Asthma Research Program III (SARP III). CCL5 and IFNG expression from bronchoalveolar lavage cell bulk RNA sequencing was obtained from the Immune Mechanisms in Severe Asthma (IMSA) cohort and expression related to previously identified immune cell profiles. The role of CCL5 in tissue-resident memory T-cell (TRM) reactivation was evaluated in a T1high murine severe asthma model. RESULTS Sputum CCL5 expression strongly correlated with T1 chemokines (P < .001 for CXCL9 and CXCL10), consistent with a role in T1 inflammation. CCL5high participants had greater fractional exhaled nitric oxide (P = .009), blood eosinophils (P < .001), and sputum eosinophils (P = .001) in addition to sputum neutrophils (P = .001). Increased CCL5 bronchoalveolar lavage expression was unique to a previously described T1high/T2variable/lymphocytic patient group in the IMSA cohort, with IFNG trending with worsening lung obstruction only in this group (P = .083). In a murine model, high expression of the CCL5 receptor CCR5 was observed in TRMs and was consistent with a T1 signature. A role for CCL5 in TRM activation was supported by the ability of the CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc to blunt reactivation. CONCLUSION CCL5 appears to contribute to TRM-related T1 neutrophilic inflammation in asthma while paradoxically also correlating with T2 inflammation and with sputum eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gauthier
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa.
| | - Sagar Laxman Kale
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Timothy B Oriss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Michael Gorry
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Richard P Ramonell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Kathryn Dalton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Max A Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health and Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Mario Castro
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kan
| | - Nizar Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wis
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Wendy Moore
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Elliot Israel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - David Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pa
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Suzy A Comhair
- Lerner Research Institute, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Environmental and Occupation Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
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Muthumalage T, Rahman I. Pulmonary immune response regulation, genotoxicity, and metabolic reprogramming by menthol- and tobacco-flavored e-cigarette exposures in mice. Toxicol Sci 2023; 193:146-165. [PMID: 37052522 PMCID: PMC10230290 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Menthol and tobacco flavors are available for almost all tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes (e-cigs). These flavors are a mixture of chemicals with overlapping constituents. There are no comparative toxicity studies of these flavors produced by different manufacturers. We hypothesized that acute exposure to menthol and tobacco-flavored e-cig aerosols induces inflammatory, genotoxicity, and metabolic responses in mouse lungs. We compared two brands, A and B, of e-cig flavors (PG/VG, menthol, and tobacco) with and without nicotine for their inflammatory response, genotoxic markers, and altered genes and proteins in the context of metabolism by exposing mouse strains, C57BL/6J (Th1-mediated) and BALB/cJ (Th2-mediated). Brand A nicotine-free menthol exposure caused increased neutrophils and differential T-lymphocyte influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and induced significant immunosuppression, while brand A tobacco with nicotine elicited an allergic inflammatory response with increased Eotaxin, IL-6, and RANTES levels. Brand B elicited a similar inflammatory response in menthol flavor exposure. Upon e-cig exposure, genotoxicity markers significantly increased in lung tissue. These inflammatory and genotoxicity responses were associated with altered NLRP3 inflammasome and TRPA1 induction by menthol flavor. Nicotine decreased surfactant protein D and increased PAI-1 by menthol and tobacco flavors, respectively. Integration of inflammatory and metabolic pathway gene expression analysis showed immunometabolic regulation in T cells via PI3K/Akt/p70S6k-mTOR axis associated with suppressed immunity/allergic immune response. Overall, this study showed the comparative toxicity of flavored e-cig aerosols, unraveling potential signaling pathways of nicotine and flavor-mediated pulmonary toxicological responses, and emphasized the need for standardized toxicity testing for appropriate premarket authorization of e-cigarette products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Jiang Y, Pan Q, Zhu X, Liu J, Liu Z, Deng Y, Liu W, Liu Y. Knockdown of CCR3 gene inhibits Proliferation, migration and degranulation of eosinophils in mice by downregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Doherty TA, Broide DH. Insights into the Biology of IL-9 in Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:585-586. [PMID: 35662655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Doherty
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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