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Zhang W, Jiao Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yu J, Gu Z. Transdermal gene delivery. J Control Release 2024; 371:516-529. [PMID: 38849095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Gene delivery has revolutionized conventional medical approaches to vaccination, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. However, current gene delivery methods are limited to either intravenous administration or direct local injections, failing to achieve well biosafety, tissue targeting, drug retention, and transfection efficiency for desired therapeutic outcomes. Transdermal drug delivery based on various delivery strategies can offer improved therapeutic potential and superior patient experiences. Recently, there has been increased foundational and clinical research focusing on the role of the transdermal route in gene delivery and exploring its impact on the efficiency of gene delivery. This review introduces the recent advances in transdermal gene delivery approaches facilitated by drug formulations and medical devices, as well as discusses their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ziru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Burns and Wound Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China.
| | - Zhen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Shah SA, Oakes RS, Jewell CM. Advancing immunotherapy using biomaterials to control tissue, cellular, and molecular level immune signaling in skin. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115315. [PMID: 38670230 PMCID: PMC11111363 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have been transformative in many areas, including cancer treatments, allergies, and autoimmune diseases. However, significant challenges persist in extending the reach of these technologies to new indications and patients. Some of the major hurdles include narrow applicability to patient groups, transient efficacy, high cost burdens, poor immunogenicity, and side effects or off-target toxicity that results from lack of disease-specificity and inefficient delivery. Thus, there is a significant need for strategies that control immune responses generated by immunotherapies while targeting infection, cancer, allergy, and autoimmunity. Being the outermost barrier of the body and the first line of host defense, the skin presents a unique immunological interface to achieve these goals. The skin contains a high concentration of specialized immune cells, such as antigen-presenting cells and tissue-resident memory T cells. These cells feature diverse and potent combinations of immune receptors, providing access to cellular and molecular level control to modulate immune responses. Thus, skin provides accessible tissue, cellular, and molecular level controls that can be harnessed to improve immunotherapies. Biomaterial platforms - microneedles, nano- and micro-particles, scaffolds, and other technologies - are uniquely capable of modulating the specialized immunological niche in skin by targeting these distinct biological levels of control. This review highlights recent pre-clinical and clinical advances in biomaterial-based approaches to target and modulate immune signaling in the skin at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels for immunotherapeutic applications. We begin by discussing skin cytoarchitecture and resident immune cells to establish the biological rationale for skin-targeting immunotherapies. This is followed by a critical presentation of biomaterial-based pre-clinical and clinical studies aimed at controlling the immune response in the skin for immunotherapy and therapeutic vaccine applications in cancer, allergy, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey A Shah
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Robert S Oakes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Suite N9E17, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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3
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Fischer LA, Bittner-Eddy PD, Costalonga M. Major Histocompatibility Complex II Expression on Oral Langerhans Cells Differentially Regulates Mucosal CD4 and CD8 T Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:573-584.e1. [PMID: 37838330 PMCID: PMC10922315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
In murine periodontitis, the T helper (Th)17 response against Porphyromonas gingivalis in cervical lymph node is abrogated by diphtheria toxin-driven depletion of Langerhans cells (LCs). We determined the impact of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) presentation in LCs on Th17 cells in the oral mucosa of mice. Using an established human-Langerin promoter-Cre mouse model, we generated LC-specific deletion of the H2-Ab1 (MHC-II) gene. MHC-II expression was ablated in 81.2% of oral-resident LCs compared with >99% of skin-resident LCs. MHC-II (LCΔMHC-II) depletion did not reduce the number of CD4 T cells nor the frequency of Th17 cells compared with that in wild-type mice. However, the frequencies of Th1 cells decreased, and Helios+ T-regulatory cells increased. In ligature-induced periodontitis, the numbers of CD4 T cells and Th17 cells were similar in LCΔMHC-II and wild-type mice. Normal numbers of Th17 cells can therefore be sustained by as little as 18.8% of MHC-II-expressing LCs in oral mucosa. Unexpectedly, oral mucosa CD8 T cells increased >25-fold in LCΔMHC-II mice. Hence, these residual MHC-II-expressing LCs appear unable to suppress the local expansion of CD8 T cells while sufficient to sustain a homeostatic CD4 T-cell response. Reducing the expression of MHC-II on specific LC subpopulations may ultimately boost CD8-mediated intraepithelial surveillance at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Fischer
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter D Bittner-Eddy
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Mahajan D, Kumar T, Rath PK, Sahoo AK, Mishra BP, Kumar S, Nayak NR, Jena MK. Dendritic Cells and the Establishment of Fetomaternal Tolerance for Successful Human Pregnancy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0010. [PMID: 38782369 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a remarkable event where the semi-allogeneic fetus develops in the mother's uterus, despite genetic and immunological differences. The antigen handling and processing at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy appear to be crucial for the adaptation of the maternal immune system and for tolerance to the developing fetus and placenta. Maternal antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages (Mφs) and dendritic cells (DCs), are present at the maternal-fetal interface throughout pregnancy and are believed to play a crucial role in this process. Despite numerous studies focusing on the significance of Mφs, there is limited knowledge regarding the contribution of DCs in fetomaternal tolerance during pregnancy, making it a relatively new and growing field of research. This review focuses on how the behavior of DCs at the maternal-fetal interface adapts to pregnancy's unique demands. Moreover, it discusses how DCs interact with other cells in the decidual leukocyte network to regulate uterine and placental homeostasis and the local maternal immune responses to the fetus. The review particularly examines the different cell lineages of DCs with specific surface markers, which have not been critically reviewed in previous publications. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact that even minor disruptions in DC functions can have on pregnancy-related complications and proposes further research into the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting DCs to manage these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deviyani Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Bidyut Prava Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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Dong H, Li Q, Zhang Y, Ding M, Teng Z, Mou Y. Biomaterials Facilitating Dendritic Cell-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301339. [PMID: 37088780 PMCID: PMC10288267 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy has exhibited remarkable clinical prospects because DCs play a central role in initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses. However, the application of traditional DC-mediated immunotherapy is limited due to insufficient antigen delivery, inadequate antigen presentation, and high levels of immunosuppression. To address these challenges, engineered biomaterials have been exploited to enhance DC-mediated immunotherapeutic effects. In this review, vital principal components that can enhance DC-mediated immunotherapeutic effects are first introduced. The parameters considered in the rational design of biomaterials, including targeting modifications, size, shape, surface, and mechanical properties, which can affect biomaterial optimization of DC functions, are further summarized. Moreover, recent applications of various engineered biomaterials in the field of DC-mediated immunotherapy are reviewed, including those serve as immune component delivery platforms, remodel the tumor microenvironment, and synergistically enhance the effects of other antitumor therapies. Overall, the present review comprehensively and systematically summarizes biomaterials related to the promotion of DC functions; and specifically focuses on the recent advances in biomaterial designs for DC activation to eradicate tumors. The challenges and opportunities of treatment strategies designed to amplify DCs via the application of biomaterials are discussed with the aim of inspiring the clinical translation of future DC-mediated cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information DisplaysJiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsInstitute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced MaterialsNanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjingJiangsu210023P. R. China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
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Puigmal N, Ramos V, Artzi N, Borrós S. Poly(β-amino ester)s-Based Delivery Systems for Targeted Transdermal Vaccination. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041262. [PMID: 37111746 PMCID: PMC10143071 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines have become a transformative technology to fight emerging infectious diseases and cancer. Delivery of such via the transdermal route could boost their efficacy given the complex immune cell reservoir present in the skin that is capable of engendering robust immune responses. We have generated a novel library of vectors derived from poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) including oligopeptide-termini and a natural ligand, mannose, for targeted transfection of antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as Langerhans cells and macrophages in the dermal milieu. Our results reaffirmed terminal decoration of PBAEs with oligopeptide chains as a powerful tool to induce cell-specific transfection, identifying an outstanding candidate with a ten-fold increased transfection efficiency over commercial controls in vitro. The inclusion of mannose in the PBAE backbone rendered an additive effect and increased transfection levels, achieving superior gene expression in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and other accessory antigen presenting cells. Moreover, top performing candidates were capable of mediating surface gene transfer when deposited as polyelectrolyte films onto transdermal devices such as microneedles, offering alternatives to conventional hypodermic administration. We predict that the use of highly efficient delivery vectors derived from PBAEs could advance clinical translation of nucleic acid vaccination over protein- and peptide-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Puigmal
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Víctor Ramos
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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Kleuser B, Bäumer W. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate as Essential Signaling Molecule in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021456. [PMID: 36674974 PMCID: PMC9863039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are crucial molecules of the mammalian epidermis. The formation of skin-specific ceramides contributes to the formation of lipid lamellae, which are important for the protection of the epidermis from excessive water loss and protect the skin from the invasion of pathogens and the penetration of xenobiotics. In addition to being structural constituents of the epidermal layer, sphingolipids are also key signaling molecules that participate in the regulation of epidermal cells and the immune cells of the skin. While the importance of ceramides with regard to the proliferation and differentiation of skin cells has been known for a long time, it has emerged in recent years that the sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is also involved in processes such as the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. In addition, the immunomodulatory role of this sphingolipid species is becoming increasingly apparent. This is significant as S1P mediates a variety of its actions via G-protein coupled receptors. It is, therefore, not surprising that dysregulation in the signaling pathways of S1P is involved in the pathophysiological conditions of skin diseases. In the present review, the importance of S1P in skin cells, as well as the immune cells of the skin, is elaborated. In particular, the role of the molecule in inflammatory skin diseases will be discussed. This is important because interfering with S1P signaling pathways may represent an innovative option for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstr. 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (W.B.)
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8
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Chopra A, Gupta A. Skin as an immune organ and the site of biomimetic, non-invasive vaccination. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Majewska-Szczepanik M, Kowalczyk P, Marcińska K, Strzępa A, Lis GJ, Susan Wong F, Szczepanik M, Wen L. Obesity aggravates contact hypersensitivity reaction in mice. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87:28-39. [PMID: 35234303 PMCID: PMC9949724 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation in tissues and predisposes to various complications, including inflammatory skin diseases. However, the link between obesity and contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the influence of obesity on T helper 1 (Th1)-mediated CHS. METHODS The activity/phenotype/cytokine profile of the immune cells was tested in vivo and in vitro. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), we tested the role of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis in increasing the effects of CHS. RESULTS Exacerbated CHS correlates with an increased inflammation-inducing GM in obese mice. We showed a proinflammatory milieu in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese mice, accompanied by proinflammatory CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells in skin draining lymph nodes and spleen. Obese interleukin (IL)-17A-/-B6 mice are protected from CHS aggravation, suggesting the importance of IL-17A in CHS aggravation in obesity. CONCLUSIONS Obesity creates a milieu that induces more potent CHS-effector cells but does not have effects on already activated CHS-effector cells. IL-17A is essential for the pathogenesis of enhanced CHS during obesity. Our study provides novel knowledge about antigen-specific responses in obesity, which may help with the improvement of existing treatment and/or in designing novel treatment for obesity-associated skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Majewska-Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paulina Kowalczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marcińska
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Strzępa
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz J. Lis
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - F. Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Nerb B, Dudziak D, Gessner A, Feuerer M, Ritter U. Have We Ignored Vector-Associated Microbiota While Characterizing the Function of Langerhans Cells in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis? FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.874081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Anderton H, Chopin M, Dawson CA, Nutt SL, Whitehead L, Silke N, Lalaloui N, Silke J. Langerhans cells are an essential cellular intermediary in chronic dermatitis. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110922. [PMID: 35675765 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SHARPIN regulates signaling from the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and pattern-recognition receptors. An inactivating Sharpin mutation in mice causes TNF-mediated dermatitis. Blocking cell death prevents the phenotype, implicating TNFR1-induced cell death in causing the skin disease. However, the source of TNF that drives dermatitis is unknown. Immune cells are a potent source of TNF in vivo and feature prominently in the skin pathology; however, T cells, B cells, and eosinophils are dispensable for the skin phenotype. We use targeted in vivo cell ablation, immune profiling, and extensive imaging to identify immune populations driving dermatitis. We find that systemic depletion of Langerin+ cells significantly reduces disease severity. This is enhanced in mice that lack Langerhans cells (LCs) from soon after birth. Reconstitution of LC-depleted Sharpin mutant mice with TNF-deficient LCs prevents dermatitis, implicating LCs as a potential cellular source of pathogenic TNF and highlighting a T cell-independent role in driving skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Anderton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Michaël Chopin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Caleb A Dawson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Natasha Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Najoua Lalaloui
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
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Nakayama K, Nishijo T, Miyazawa M, Watabe T, Azuma M, Sakaguchi H. Hapten sensitization to vaginal mucosa induces less recruitment of dendritic cells accompanying TGF‐β‐expressing CD206
+
cells compared with skin. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e605. [PMID: 35349751 PMCID: PMC8959427 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Contact hypersensitivity (CHS), a type of delayed‐type hypersensitivity, is induced by hapten exposure to the skin and mucosa. We previously reported that, in a murine model of CHS, the vaginal mucosa (VM) sensitization showed lower T‐cell responses as compared with the abdominal skin sensitization. To investigate mechanisms of impaired CHS by the VM sensitization, we compared migration of hapten‐captured dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and recruitment of DCs at the sensitized local sites. Methods Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or 2,4‑dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was used as hapten, and migration of FITC+ DCs in the dLNs and local recruitment of MHC class II+ and CD11c+ cells were compared between abdominal skin and VM sensitization by flow cytometric analyses and immunohistochemistry. Expression of tumor growth factor (TGF)‐β at mRNA and protein levels, and local recruitment of CD206+ cells were examined after VM sensitization. Results VM sensitization showed less numbers of FITC+MHC class IIhighCD11c+ migratory DCs in the dLNs at 6 and 24 h, as compared with skin sensitization. Both skin and VM sensitization induced the recruitment of dermal/submucosal DCs at 6 h, but the number of submucosal DCs in the VM was significantly decreased at 24 h. VM showed persistently higher mRNA levels of TGF‐β2/β3 expression than those of the skin before and after sensitization. In the VM sensitization, increment of CD206+MHC class II+ cells was observed especially at the deep lamina propria at 24 h. Most of CD206+ cells were also positive for the binding to Fc chimeric TGF‐β receptor that interacts with all TGF‐β isoforms, suggesting TGF‐β expression. Conclusion DC migration to dLNs and localization of DCs at the sensitized sites are limited in the VM sensitization. Our results suggest that the existence of TGF‐β‐expressing CD206+ cells may contribute less sensitization ability and CHS responses in the VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nakayama
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation Haga Tochigi Japan
| | - Taku Nishijo
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation Haga Tochigi Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation Haga Tochigi Japan
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakaguchi
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation Haga Tochigi Japan
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13
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Ma X, Hu J, Wang C, Gu Y, Cao S, Huang X, Wen Y, Zhao Q, Wu R, Zuo Z, Yu S, Shen L, Zhong Z, Peng G, Ling S. Innate and mild Th17 cutaneous immune responses elicited by subcutaneous infection of immunocompetent mice with Cladosporium cladosporioides. Microb Pathog 2021; 163:105384. [PMID: 34974124 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cladosporium cladosporioides is a dematiaceous hyphomycete that is pathogenic in the superficial and deep tissues of both immunodeficient and immunocompetent humans and animals. Our aim was to evaluate the antifungal immune responses elicited by C. cladosporioides in immunocompetent mice. Hence, we subcutaneously injected suspensions of C. cladosporioides spores into immunocompetent mice to investigate the anti-fungal immune responses in the skin. We collected skin tissue samples for histopathological examination, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. We observed subcutaneous abscesses in mice after subcutaneous injection of C. cladosporioides. A large number of inflammatory cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, infiltrated the focal abscess, with comparatively few infiltrating inflammatory cells in the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin. We detected the expression of CD54 in the abscesses and the skin. Gene expression of the pattern recognition receptors Dectin-1 and TLR-2 was higher in infected mice than in controls. Gene expression of the cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17A also increased after infection, suggesting that the Th17 signaling pathway may be involved in the anti-fungal response. Although the pathogenicity of C. cladosporioides in healthy mice was weak after subcutaneous infection, resulting in few serious pathological phenomena, it appears that innate and Th17 immune responses play important roles in the cutaneous host response to C. cladosporioides. These findings lay a foundation for further study of the pathogenic mechanism and treatment of C. cladosporioides infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611800, China.
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shanshan Ling
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611800, China
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14
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Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast fungus of the human oral, gastrointestinal, and genital mucosal surfaces, and skin. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, iatrogenic immunosuppression, and/or medical interventions that impair the integrity of the mucocutaneous barrier and/or perturb protective host defense mechanisms enable C. albicans to become an opportunistic pathogen and cause debilitating mucocutaneous disease and/or life-threatening systemic infections. In this review, we synthesize our current knowledge of the tissue-specific determinants of C. albicans pathogenicity and host immune defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Lopes
- From the Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- From the Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Microneedle-Mediated Vaccination: Innovation and Translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113919. [PMID: 34375682 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine administration by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection is the most commonly prescribed route for inoculation, however, it is often associated with some deficiencies such as low compliance, high professionalism, and risk of infection. Therefore, the application of microneedles for vaccine delivery has gained widespread interests in the past few years due to its high compliance, minimal invasiveness, and convenience. This review focuses on recent advances in the development and application of microneedles for vaccination based on different delivery strategies, and introduces the current status of microneedle-mediated vaccination in clinical translation. The prospects for its application including opportunities and challenges are further discussed.
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16
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Kim YJ, Granstein RD. Roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the skin, and other physiological and pathophysiological functions. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100361. [PMID: 34746878 PMCID: PMC8551410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin immunity is regulated by many mediator molecules. One is the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP has roles in regulating the function of components of the immune system including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and mast cells (MCs). Herein we discuss actions of CGRP in mediating inflammatory and vascular effects in various cutaneous models and disorders. CGRP can help to recruit immune cells through endothelium-dependent vasodilation. CGRP plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurogenic inflammation. Functions of many components in the immune system are influenced by CGRP. CGRP regulates various inflammatory processes in human skin by affecting different cell-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, WGC9, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Richard D Granstein
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, WGC9, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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17
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Liu C, Gu L, Ding J, Meng Q, Li N, Dai G, Li Q, Wu X. Autophagy in skin barrier and immune-related skin diseases. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1827-1837. [PMID: 34655245 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process which is highly conserved in eukaryotes to degrade or recycle cytoplasmic components through lysosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that autophagy also plays critical roles in cell apoptosis, inflammation, pathogen clearance, and so on under stressed conditions and thereby has been linked to a variety of human disorders. The skin is the largest organ of the body and serves as the first line of defense against environmental insult. Skin as a nutrient-poor environment requires recycling of limited resources via the autophagy machinery to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, dysregulation of autophagy has been linked to skin diseases. In this review, we describe the molecular machinery and regulation of autophagy, discuss its role in keratinocytes and skin barrier, skin immune cells, and immune-related skin diseases including autoimmune skin disorders, allergic skin diseases, infectious skin disorders, and antitumor immunity against skin tumor. Finally, we highlight the potential of autophagy as a therapeutic target for immune-related skin diseases, and delivery of autophagy-related molecules (such as inducers, inhibitors, or nucleic acid molecules) by virtue of physical materials (such as nanoparticles) or biological materials (such as peptides) to skin topically may obtain clinical benefits in immune-related skin diseases. Moreover, developing autophagy-related gene product-based biomarkers may be promising to diagnose immune-related skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Shende Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Gerontology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianchao Meng
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guifeng Dai
- Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinying Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyong Wu
- Department of Geriatrics Center & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Hathaway-Schrader JD, Novince CM. Maintaining homeostatic control of periodontal bone tissue. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:157-187. [PMID: 33690918 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone is a unique osseous tissue due to the proximity of dental plaque biofilms. Periodontal health and homeostasis are mediated by a balanced host immune response to these polymicrobial biofilms. Dysbiotic shifts within dental plaque biofilms can drive a proinflammatory immune response state in the periodontal epithelial and gingival connective tissues, which leads to paracrine signaling to subjacent bone cells. Sustained chronic periodontal inflammation disrupts "coupled" osteoclast-osteoblast actions, which ultimately result in alveolar bone destruction. This chapter will provide an overview of alveolar bone physiology and will highlight why the oral microbiota is a critical regulator of alveolar bone remodeling. The ecology of dental plaque biofilms will be discussed in the context that periodontitis is a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. The pathogenesis of periodontal bone loss will be explained from both a historical and current perspective, providing the opportunity to revisit the role of fibrosis in alveolar bone destruction. Periodontal immune cell interactions with bone cells will be reviewed based on our current understanding of osteoimmunological mechanisms influencing alveolar bone remodeling. Lastly, probiotic and prebiotic interventions in the oral microbiota will be evaluated as potential noninvasive therapies to support alveolar bone homeostasis and prevent periodontal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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19
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Tissues: the unexplored frontier of antibody mediated immunity. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 47:52-67. [PMID: 33581646 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen-specific immunity evolves in the context of the infected tissue. However, current immune correlates analyses and vaccine efficacy metrics are based on immune functions from peripheral cells. Less is known about tissue-resident mechanisms of immunity. While antibodies represent the primary correlate of immunity following most clinically approved vaccines, how antibodies interact with localized, compartment-specific immune functions to fight infections, remains unclear. Emerging data demonstrate a unique community of immune cells that reside within different tissues. These tissue-specific immunological communities enable antibodies to direct both expected and unexpected local attack strategies to control, disrupt, and eliminate infection in a tissue-specific manner. Defining the full breadth of antibody effector functions, how they selectively contribute to control at the site of infection may provide clues for the design of next-generation vaccines able to direct the control, elimination, and prevention of compartment specific diseases of both infectious and non-infectious etiologies.
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20
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Klarquist JS, Janssen EM. Melanoma-infiltrating dendritic cells: Limitations and opportunities of mouse models. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1584-1593. [PMID: 23264904 PMCID: PMC3525613 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of melanoma lesions by dendritic cells (DCs) has been suggested to play a tumorigenic role due to the capacity of DCs to induce tumor tolerance and promote angiogenesis as well as metastasis. However, it has also been shown that tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) induce antitumor responses and hence may be targeted in cost-effective therapeutic approaches to obtain patient-specific DCs that present relevant tumor antigens, without the need for ex vivo DC expansion or tumor antigen identification. Unfortunately, little is known about the composition, nature and function of TIDCs found in human melanoma. The development of mouse melanoma models has greatly contributed to the molecular understanding of melanoma immunology in mice, but many questions on TIDCs remain unanswered. Here, we discuss current knowledge about melanoma TIDCs in various mouse models with regard to their translational potential and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Klarquist
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH USA
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21
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Leonard DA, Powell HR, Defazio MW, Shanmugarajah K, Mastroianni M, Rosales I, Farkash EA, Colvin RB, Randolph MA, Sachs DH, Kurtz JM, Cetrulo CL. Cutaneous leukocyte lineages in tolerant large animal and immunosuppressed clinical vascularized composite allograft recipients. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:582-592. [PMID: 32741100 PMCID: PMC7854956 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) can restore fully functional anatomic units in patients with limb amputations or severe facial tissue loss. However, acute rejection of the skin is frequently observed and underscores the importance of developing tolerance induction protocols. In this study, we have characterized the skin immune system in VCAs. We demonstrate infiltration of recipient leukocytes, regardless of rejection status, and in tolerant mixed hematopoietic chimeras, the co-existence of these cells with donor leukocytes in the absence of rejection. Here we characterize the dermal T cell and epidermal Langerhans cell components of the skin immune system in our porcine model of VCA tolerance, and the kinetics of cutaneous chimerism in both of these populations in VCAs transplanted to tolerant and nontolerant recipients, as well as in host skin. Furthermore, in biopsies from the first patient to receive a hand transplant in our program, we demonstrate the presence of recipient T cells in the skin of the transplanted limb in the absence of clinical or histological evidence of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Leonard
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Canniesburn Plastic Surgery Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - H. R. Powell
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M. W. Defazio
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - K. Shanmugarajah
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M. Mastroianni
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - I. Rosales
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - E. A. Farkash
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R. B. Colvin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M. A. Randolph
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D. H. Sachs
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - J. M. Kurtz
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Biology, Emmanuel College, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C. L. Cetrulo
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Wei R, Lai N, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Guo Q, Chu C, Fu X, Li X. Dendritic cells in pregnancy and pregnancy-associated diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110921. [PMID: 33378991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical immuno-modulating role in pregnancy, which requires the maternal immune system to tolerate semiallogeneic fetus and at the same time to maintain adequate defense against pathogens. DCs interact closely with other immune components such as T cells, natural killer cells and macrophages, as well as the endocrine system to keep a pregnancy-friendly environment. Aberrant DC activities have been related to various pregnancy-associated diseases such as recurrent spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, peripartum cardiomyopathy and infectious pregnancy complications. These findings make DCs an attractive candidate for prevention or therapy on the pregnancy-associated diseases. Here, we review recent findings that provide new insights into the roles of DCs in pregnancy and the related diseases. We also discuss the medical potentials to manipulate DCs in clinics. Whereas this is an emerging area with much work remaining, we anticipate that a better understanding of the role of DCs in maternal-fetal immunotolerance and a therapeutic manipulation of DCs will help women suffering from the pregnancy-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Nannan Lai
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chu Chu
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fu
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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23
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Wong E, Montoya B, Stotesbury C, Ferez M, Xu RH, Sigal LJ. Langerhans Cells Orchestrate the Protective Antiviral Innate Immune Response in the Lymph Node. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3047-3059.e3. [PMID: 31801072 PMCID: PMC6927544 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During disseminating viral infections, a swift innate immune response (IIR) in the draining lymph node (dLN) that restricts systemic viral spread is critical for optimal resistance to disease. However, it is unclear how this IIR is orchestrated. We show that after footpad infection of mice with ectromelia virus, dendritic cells (DCs) highly expressing major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class IIhi DCs), including CD207+ epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), CD103+CD207+ double-positive dermal DCs (DP-DCs), and CD103−CD207− double-negative dermal DCs (DN-DCs) migrate to the dLN from the skin carrying virus. MHC class IIhi DCs, predominantly LCs and DP-DCs, are the first cells upregulating IIR cytokines in the dLN. Preventing MHC class IIhi DC migration or depletion of LCs, but not DP-DC deficiency, suppresses the IIR in the dLN and results in high viral lethality. Therefore, LCs are the architects of an early IIR in the dLN that is critical for optimal resistance to a disseminating viral infection. Wong et al. show that by producing chemokines that recruit monocytes and by upregulating NKG2D ligands that activate ILCs, Langerhans cells are responsible for the innate immune cascade in the lymph node that is critical for survival of infection with a disseminating virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Brian Montoya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Colby Stotesbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Maria Ferez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ren-Huan Xu
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Luis J Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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24
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Lofano G, Mallett CP, Bertholet S, O’Hagan DT. Technological approaches to streamline vaccination schedules, progressing towards single-dose vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:88. [PMID: 33024579 PMCID: PMC7501859 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines represent the most successful medical intervention in history, with billions of lives saved. Although multiple doses of the same vaccine are typically required to reach an adequate level of protection, it would be advantageous to develop vaccines that induce protective immunity with fewer doses, ideally just one. Single-dose vaccines would be ideal to maximize vaccination coverage, help stakeholders to greatly reduce the costs associated with vaccination, and improve patient convenience. Here we describe past attempts to develop potent single dose vaccines and explore the reasons they failed. Then, we review key immunological mechanisms of the vaccine-specific immune responses, and how innovative technologies and approaches are guiding the preclinical and clinical development of potent single-dose vaccines. By modulating the spatio-temporal delivery of the vaccine components, by providing the appropriate stimuli to the innate immunity, and by designing better antigens, the new technologies and approaches leverage our current knowledge of the immune system and may synergize to enable the rational design of next-generation vaccination strategies. This review provides a rational perspective on the possible development of future single-dose vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lofano
- GSK, Slaoui Center for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Corey P. Mallett
- GSK, Slaoui Center for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Sylvie Bertholet
- GSK, Slaoui Center for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Derek T. O’Hagan
- GSK, Slaoui Center for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
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25
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Huang L, Li GH, Yu Q, Xu Y, Cvetkovski S, Wang X, Parajuli N, Udo-Inyang I, Kaplan D, Zhou L, Yao Z, Mi QS. Smad2/4 Signaling Pathway Is Critical for Epidermal Langerhans Cell Repopulation Under Inflammatory Condition but Not Required for Their Homeostasis at Steady State. Front Immunol 2020; 11:912. [PMID: 32457763 PMCID: PMC7221176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) are skin-resident dendritic cells that are essential for the induction of skin immunity and tolerance. Transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGFβ1) is a crucial factor for LC maintenance and function. However, the underlying TGFβ1 signaling pathways remain unclear. Our previous research has shown that the TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway does not impact LC homeostasis and maturation. In this study, we generated mice with conditional deletions of either individual Smad2, Smad4, or both Smad2 and Smad4 in the LC lineage or myeloid lineage, to further explore the impact of TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathways on LCs. We found that interruption of Smad2 or Smad4 individually or simultaneously in the LC lineage did not significantly impact the maintenance, maturation, antigen uptake, and migration of LCs in vivo or in vitro during steady state. However, the interruption of both Smad2 and Smad4 pathways in the myeloid lineage led to a dramatic inhibition of bone marrow-derived LCs in the inflammatory state. Overall, our data suggest that canonical TGFβ1/Smad2/4 signaling pathways are dispensable for epidermal LC homeostasis and maturation at steady state, but are critical for the long-term LC repopulation directly originating from the bone marrow in the inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linting Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Hua Li
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Qian Yu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yingping Xu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Steven Cvetkovski
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Nirmal Parajuli
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Imo Udo-Inyang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Daniel Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
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26
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Li X, Dong Y, Yin H, Qi Z, Wang D, Ren S. Mesenchymal stem cells induced regulatory dendritic cells from hemopoietic progenitor cells through Notch pathway and TGF-β synergistically. Immunol Lett 2020; 222:49-57. [PMID: 32199868 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the attractive candidates in regenerative medicine of many clinical applications because of their low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory property. Our previous studies provided that mouse bone marrow-derived Sca-1+MSCs could drive the differentiation of regulatory DC (regDCs) (Scal-1+ BM-MSC-driven DC [sBM-DCs]) from hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and the Notch pathway played a critical role in maintaining the immunomodulatory property. However, the detailed mechanisms of their immunoregulatory capacity are not fully defined. In the present study, we show that BM-MSCs expressed high levels of Jagged 1 while sBM-DCs expressed high levels of Notch1. Jagged1 expressed on the surface of BM-MSCs initiated Notch signaling to maintain the immunomodulatory property of the sBM-DCs. The level of TGF-β is high in MSCs, either alone or coculture with HPCs medium. TGF-β plays a vital role in the proliferation and differentiation of sBM-DCs and inhibition of TGF-β reduce the number and increase the percentage of CD34, CD117, CD135 of generation cells. Thus, MSCs induced the regDCs from HPCs via the Notch signaling pathway and TGF-β synergistically. This study further broadens our understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanism and the potential therapeutic efficacy of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China; Stem Cell Clinical Research Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Clinical Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulei Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanfeng Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongchang People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoda Ren
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Clinical Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Sil P, Suwanpradid J, Muse G, Gruzdev A, Liu L, Corcoran DL, Willson CJ, Janardhan K, Grimm S, Myers P, Degraff LM, MacLeod AS, Martinez J. Noncanonical autophagy in dermal dendritic cells mediates immunosuppressive effects of UV exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:1389-1405. [PMID: 31837371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of the inflammatory response is critical to maintaining homeostasis, and failure to do so contributes to the burden of chronic inflammation associated with several disease states. The mechanisms that underlie immunosuppression, however, remain largely unknown. Although defects in autophagy machinery have been associated with inflammatory pathologic conditions, we now appreciate that autophagic components participate in noncanonical pathways distinct from classical autophagy. We have previously demonstrated that LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), a noncanonical autophagic process dependent on Rubicon (rubicon autophagy regulator [RUBCN]), contributes to immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE We used Rubcn-/- mice to examine the role of the LAP pathway in mediating the UV-induced immunotolerant program in a model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS). METHODS Flow cytometry and transcriptional analysis were used to measure immune cell infiltration and activation in the skin of Rubcn+/+ and Rubcn-/- mice during the CHS response. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that LAP is required for UV-induced immunosuppression and that UV exposure induces a broadly anti-inflammatory transcriptional program dependent on Rubicon. Rubcn-/- mice are resistant to UV-induced immunosuppression and instead display exaggerated inflammation in a model of CHS. Specifically, RUBCN deficiency in CD301b+ dermal dendritic cells results in their increased antigen presentation capacity and subsequent hyperactivation of the CD8+ T-cell response. CONCLUSIONS LAP functions to limit the immune response and is critical in maintaining the balance between homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Sil
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | - Ginger Muse
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Knockout Mouse Core Laboratory, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Liwen Liu
- Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - David L Corcoran
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Sara Grimm
- Division of Intramural Research, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Page Myers
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Laura Miller Degraff
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC.
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28
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Vidal Yucha SE, Tamamoto KA, Kaplan DL. The importance of the neuro-immuno-cutaneous system on human skin equivalent design. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12677. [PMID: 31441145 PMCID: PMC6869210 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a highly complex organ, responsible for sensation, protection against the environment (pollutants, foreign proteins, infection) and thereby linked to the immune and sensory systems in the neuro-immuno-cutaneous (NIC) system. Cutaneous innervation is a key part of the peripheral nervous system; therefore, the skin should be considered a sensory organ and an important part of the central nervous system, an 'active interface' and the first connection of the body to the outside world. Peripheral nerves are a complex class of neurons within these systems, subsets of functions are conducted, including mechanoreception, nociception and thermoception. Epidermal and dermal cells produce signalling factors (such as cytokines or growth factors), neurites influence skin cells (such as via neuropeptides), and peripheral nerves have a role in both early and late stages of the inflammatory response. One way this is achieved, specifically in the cutaneous system, is through neuropeptide release and signalling, especially via substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Cutaneous, neuronal and immune cells play a central role in many conditions, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, UV-induced immunosuppression, herpes and lymphomas. Therefore, it is critical to understand the connections and interplay between the peripheral nervous system and the skin and immune systems, the NIC system. Relevant in vitro tissue models based on human skin equivalents can be used to gain insight and to address impact across research and clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMassachusetts
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29
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Schudel A, Francis DM, Thomas SN. Material design for lymph node drug delivery. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2019; 4:415-428. [PMID: 32523780 PMCID: PMC7286627 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A significant fraction of the total immune cells in the body are located in several hundred lymph nodes, in which lymphocyte accumulation, activation and proliferation are organized. Therefore, targeting lymph nodes provides the possibility to directly deliver drugs to lymphocytes and lymph node-resident cells and thus to modify the adaptive immune response. However, owing to the structure and anatomy of lymph nodes, as well as the distinct localization and migration of the different cell types within the lymph node, it is difficult to access specific cell populations by delivering free drugs. Materials can be used as instructive delivery vehicles to achieve accumulation of drugs in the lymph nodes and to target specific lymph node-resident cell subtypes. In this Review, we describe the compartmental architecture of lymph nodes and the cell and fluid transport mechanisms to and from lymph nodes. We discuss the different entry routes into lymph nodes and how they can be explored for drug delivery, including the lymphatics, blood capillaries, high endothelial venules, cell-mediated pathways, homing of circulating lymphocytes and direct lymph node injection. We examine different nanoscale and microscale materials for the targeting of specific immune cells and highlight their potential for the treatment of immune dysfunction and for cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we give an outlook to the field, exploring how lymph node targeting can be improved by the use of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Schudel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Alex Schudel, David M. Francis
| | - David M Francis
- Parker H. Petit institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Alex Schudel, David M. Francis
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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30
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Helou DG, Martin SF, Pallardy M, Chollet-Martin S, Kerdine-Römer S. Nrf2 Involvement in Chemical-Induced Skin Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1004. [PMID: 31134077 PMCID: PMC6514534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to certain chemicals disturbs skin homeostasis. In particular, protein-reactive chemical contact sensitizers trigger an inflammatory immune response resulting in eczema and allergic contact dermatitis. Chemical sensitizers activate innate immune cells which orchestrate the skin immune response. This involves oxidative and inflammatory pathways. In parallel, the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, a major ubiquitous regulator of cellular oxidative and electrophilic stress is activated in the different skin innate immune cells including epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells, but also in keratinocytes. In this context, Nrf2 shows a strong protective capacity through the downregulation of both the oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. In this review we highlight the important role of Nrf2 in the control of the innate immune response of the skin to chemical sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doumet Georges Helou
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Pallardy
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,UF Auto-immunité et Hypersensibilités, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Saadia Kerdine-Römer
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM UMR996, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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31
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Bottomley MJ, Thomson J, Harwood C, Leigh I. The Role of the Immune System in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2009. [PMID: 31022866 PMCID: PMC6515307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer. In immunosuppressed populations it is a source of considerable morbidity and mortality due to its enhanced recurrence and metastatic potential. In common with many malignancies, leucocyte populations are both protective against cancer development and also play a role in 'sculpting' the nascent tumor, leading to loss of immunogenicity and tumor progression. UV radiation and chronic viral carriage may represent unique risk factors for cSCC development, and the immune system plays a key role in modulating the response to both. In this review, we discuss the lessons learned from animal and ex vivo human studies of the role of individual leucocyte subpopulations in the development of cutaneous SCC. We then discuss the insights into cSCC immunity gleaned from studies in humans, particularly in populations receiving pharmacological immunosuppression such as transplant recipients. Similar insights in other malignancies have led to exciting and novel immune therapies, which are beginning to emerge into the cSCC clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Bottomley
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Jason Thomson
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Catherine Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Irene Leigh
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
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32
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Kashem SW, Kaplan DH. Isolation of Murine Skin Resident and Migratory Dendritic Cells via Enzymatic Digestion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 121:e45. [PMID: 30040218 DOI: 10.1002/cpim.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a highly specialized subset of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that reside in peripheral and lymphoid tissues. DCs capture antigen in the periphery and migrate to the lymph node where they prime naïve T cells. In addition, DCs have been recently appreciated to have function in innate immunity within tissues. In the skin, heterogeneous populations of DCs reside within the epidermis and the dermis. Analysis of the cutaneous DC subsets is complicated by requirements of distinct enzymatic digestion protocols for isolation of APCs from distinct anatomical compartments of the skin. Here, specific approaches for isolation of DCs from the epidermis, dermis, and the skin-draining lymph nodes of mice are described. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakeen W Kashem
- Center for Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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33
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Use of Dendritic Cell Receptors as Targets for Enhancing Anti-Cancer Immune Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030418. [PMID: 30909630 PMCID: PMC6469018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful anti-cancer vaccine construct depends on its ability to induce humoral and cellular immunity against a specific antigen. Targeting receptors of dendritic cells to promote the loading of cancer antigen through an antibody-mediated antigen uptake mechanism is a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Researchers have been targeting different dendritic cell receptors such as Fc receptors (FcR), various C-type lectin-like receptors such as dendritic and thymic epithelial cell-205 (DEC-205), dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), and Dectin-1 to enhance the uptake process and subsequent presentation of antigen to T cells through major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. In this review, we compare different subtypes of dendritic cells, current knowledge on some important receptors of dendritic cells, and recent articles on targeting those receptors for anti-cancer immune responses in mouse models.
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34
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Gilmour N, Kimber I, Williams J, Maxwell G. Skin sensitization: Uncertainties, challenges, and opportunities for improved risk assessment. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 80:195-200. [PMID: 30525211 PMCID: PMC6587935 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
At the ESCD congress held in Manchester in 2016, a session was organized to encourage more dialogue between clinicians with expertise in skin sensitization and toxicologists seeking to provide effective risk assessment to prevent human health issues. That session focused on the remaining uncertainties regarding the induction and regulation of skin sensitization in humans, and the opportunities and challenges associated with the refinement and improvement of risk assessment methodologies. This short article, prompted by those discussions, debates what the authors regard as being among the most important and most intriguing uncertainties about skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis in humans, and the most significant opportunities for improving risk assessment. The aim has been to provide a basis for mapping out the areas that might benefit from a closer alignment between the relevant clinical community and toxicologists charged with the responsibility of ensuring that skin sensitization risks are understood and managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gilmour
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance CentreBedfordUK
| | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Jason Williams
- Contact Dermatitis Investigation Unit, Salford NHS Foundation TrustSalfordUK
| | - Gavin Maxwell
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance CentreBedfordUK
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Li
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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36
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Kimber I, Poole A, Basketter DA. Skin and respiratory chemical allergy: confluence and divergence in a hybrid adverse outcome pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:586-605. [PMID: 30090609 PMCID: PMC6060610 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00272f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitisation of the respiratory tract to chemicals resulting in respiratory allergy and allergic asthma is an important occupational health problem, and presents toxicologists with no shortage of challenges. A major issue is that there are no validated or, even widely recognised, methods available for the identification and characterisation of chemical respiratory allergens, or for distinguishing respiratory allergens from contact allergens. The first objective here has been review what is known (and what is not known) of the mechanisms through which chemicals induce sensitisation of the respiratory tract, and to use this information to construct a hybrid Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) that combines consideration of both skin and respiratory sensitisation. The intention then has been to use the construction of this hybrid AOP to identify areas of commonality/confluence, and areas of departure/divergence, between skin sensitisation and sensitisation of the respiratory tract. The hybrid AOP not only provides a mechanistic understanding of how the processes of skin and respiratory sensitisation differ, buy also a means of identifying areas of uncertainty about chemical respiratory allergy that benefit from a further investment in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Biology , Medicine and Health , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PT , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0) 161 275 1587
| | - Alan Poole
- European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) , 2 Av E Van Nieuwenhuyse , 1160 Brussels , Belgium
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37
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Sil P, Wong SW, Martinez J. More Than Skin Deep: Autophagy Is Vital for Skin Barrier Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1376. [PMID: 29988591 PMCID: PMC6026682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a highly organized first line of defense that stretches up to 1.8 m2 and is home to more than a million commensal bacteria. The microenvironment of skin is driven by factors such as pH, temperature, moisture, sebum level, oxidative stress, diet, resident immune cells, and infectious exposure. The skin has a high turnover of cells as it continually bares itself to environmental stresses. Notwithstanding these limitations, it has devised strategies to adapt as a nutrient-scarce site. To perform its protective function efficiently, it relies on mechanisms to continuously remove dead cells without alarming the immune system, actively purging the dying/senescent cells by immunotolerant efferocytosis. Both canonical (starvation-induced, reactive oxygen species, stress, and environmental insults) and non-canonical (selective) autophagy in the skin have evolved to perform astute due-diligence and housekeeping in a quiescent fashion for survival, cellular functioning, homeostasis, and immune tolerance. The autophagic “homeostatic rheostat” works tirelessly to uphold the delicate balance in immunoregulation and tolerance. If this equilibrium is upset, the immune system can wreak havoc and initiate pathogenesis. Out of all the organs, the skin remains under-studied in the context of autophagy. Here, we touch upon some of the salient features of autophagy active in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Sil
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sing-Wai Wong
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States.,Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Curriculum, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
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38
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Szczepanik M, Majewska-Szczepanik M, Wong FS, Kowalczyk P, Pasare C, Wen L. Regulation of contact sensitivity in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice by innate immunity. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 79:197-207. [PMID: 29943459 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic background influences allergic immune responses to environmental stimuli. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice are highly susceptible to environmental stimuli. Little is known about the interaction of autoimmune genetic factors with innate immunity in allergies, especially skin hypersensitivity. OBJECTIVES To study the interplay of innate immunity and autoimmune genetic factors in contact hypersensitivity (CHS) by using various innate immunity-deficient NOD mice. METHODS Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-deficient, TLR9-deficient and MyD88-deficient NOD mice were used to investigate CHS. The cellular mechanism was determined by flow cytometry in vitro and adoptive cell transfer in vivo. To investigate the role of MyD88 in dendritic cells (DCs) in CHS, we also used CD11cMyD88+ MyD88-/- NOD mice, in which MyD88 is expressed only in CD11c+ cells. RESULTS We found that innate immunity negatively regulates CHS, as innate immunity-deficient NOD mice developed exacerbated CHS accompanied by increased numbers of skin-migrating CD11c+ DCs expressing higher levels of major histocompatibility complex II and CD80. Moreover, MyD88-/- NOD mice had increased numbers of CD11c+ CD207- CD103+ DCs and activated T effector cells in the skin-draining lymph nodes. Strikingly, re-expression of MyD88 in CD11c+ DCs (CD11cMyD88+ MyD88-/- NOD mice) restored hyper-CHS to a normal level in MyD88-/- NOD mice. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the autoimmune-prone NOD genetic background aggravates CHS regulated by innate immunity, through DCs and T effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Medical Biology, Health Science Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Majewska-Szczepanik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Medical Biology, Health Science Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Florence S Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paulina Kowalczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Health Science Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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39
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Jatana S, Homer CR, Madajka M, Ponti AK, Kabi A, Papay F, McDonald C. Pyrimidine synthesis inhibition enhances cutaneous defenses against antibiotic resistant bacteria through activation of NOD2 signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8708. [PMID: 29880914 PMCID: PMC5992176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial strains are a rapidly emerging healthcare threat; therefore it is critical to develop new therapies to combat these organisms. Prior antibacterial strategies directly target pathogen growth or viability. Host-directed strategies to increase antimicrobial defenses may be an effective alternative to antibiotics and reduce development of resistant strains. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA), to enhance clearance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii strains by primary human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. PALA did not have a direct bactericidal effect, but enhanced cellular secretion of the antimicrobial peptides human β-defensin 2 (HBD2) and HBD3 from fibroblasts. When tested in porcine and human skin explant models, a topical PALA formulation was efficacious to enhance MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii clearance. Topical PALA treatment of human skin explants also resulted in increased HBD2 and cathelicidin (LL-37) production. The antimicrobial actions of PALA required expression of nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIP2), and carbamoyl phosphatase synthase II/aspartate transcarbamylase/dihydroorotase (CAD). Our results indicate that PALA may be a new option to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections of the skin through enhancement of an integral pathway of the cutaneous innate immune defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Jatana
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Craig R Homer
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria Madajka
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - András K Ponti
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amrita Kabi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Francis Papay
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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40
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Hajishengallis G, Korostoff JM. Revisiting the Page & Schroeder model: the good, the bad and the unknowns in the periodontal host response 40 years later. Periodontol 2000 2018; 75:116-151. [PMID: 28758305 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In their classic 1976 paper, Page & Schroeder described the histopathologic events and the types of myeloid cells and lymphocytes involved in the initiation and progression of inflammatory periodontal disease. The staging of periodontal disease pathogenesis as 'initial', 'early', 'established' and 'advanced' lesions productively guided subsequent research in the field and remains fundamentally valid. However, major advances regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the induction, regulation and effector functions of immune and inflammatory responses necessitate a reassessment of their work and its integration with emerging new concepts. We now know that each type of leukocyte is actually represented by functionally distinct subsets with different, or even conflicting, roles in immunity and inflammation. Unexpectedly, neutrophils, traditionally regarded as merely antimicrobial effectors in acute conditions and protagonists of the 'initial' lesion, are currently appreciated for their functional versatility and critical roles in chronic inflammation. Moreover, an entirely new field of study, osteoimmunology, has emerged and sheds light on the impact of immunoinflammatory events on the skeletal system. These developments and the molecular dissection of crosstalk interactions between innate and adaptive leukocytes, as well as between the immune system and local homeostatic mechanisms, offer a more nuanced understanding of the host response in periodontitis, with profound implications for treatment. At the same time, deeper insights have generated new questions, many of which remain unanswered. In this review, 40 years after Page & Schroeder proposed their model, we summarize enduring and emerging advances in periodontal disease pathogenesis.
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41
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Frederick DR, Goggins JA, Sabbagh LM, Freytag LC, Clements JD, McLachlan JB. Adjuvant selection regulates gut migration and phenotypic diversity of antigen-specific CD4 + T cells following parenteral immunization. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:549-561. [PMID: 28792004 PMCID: PMC6252260 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years, making vaccines against these diseases a high priority. It is known that certain vaccine adjuvants, chiefly bacterial ADP-ribosylating enterotoxins, can induce mucosal antibodies when delivered parenterally. Based on this, we reasoned vaccine-specific mucosal cellular immunity could be induced via parenteral immunization with these adjuvants. Here, we show that, in contrast to the Toll-like receptor-9 agonist CpG, intradermal immunization with non-toxic double-mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli drove endogenous, antigen-specific CD4+ T cells to expand and upregulate the gut-homing integrin α4β7. This was followed by T-cell migration into gut-draining lymph nodes and both small and large intestines. We also found that dmLT produces a balanced T-helper 1 and 17 (Th1 and Th17) response, whereas T cells from CpG immunized mice were predominantly Th1. Immunization with dmLT preferentially engaged CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) compared with CpG, and mice deficient in CD103+ DCs were unable to fully license antigen-specific T-cell migration to the intestinal mucosae following parenteral immunization. This work has the potential to redirect the design of existing and next generation vaccines to elicit pathogen-specific immunity in the intestinal tract with non-mucosal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Frederick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 70112
| | - J. Alan Goggins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 70112
| | - Leila M. Sabbagh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 70112
| | - Lucy C. Freytag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 70112
| | - John D. Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 70112
| | - James B. McLachlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 70112
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42
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Dolbashid AS, Mokhtar MS, Muhamad F, Ibrahim F. Potential applications of human artificial skin and electronic skin (e-skin): a review. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.17.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asdani Saifullah Dolbashid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mas Sahidayana Mokhtar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farina Muhamad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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43
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Chakraborty R, Chandra J, Cui S, Tolley L, Cooper MA, Kendall M, Frazer IH. CD
8
+
lineage dendritic cells determine adaptive immune responses to inflammasome activation upon sterile skin injury. Exp Dermatol 2017; 27:71-79. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janin Chandra
- Diamantina Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Shuai Cui
- Diamantina Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Lynn Tolley
- Diamantina Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Mark Kendall
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- Diamantina Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
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44
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Langerhans Cells – The Macrophage in Dendritic Cell Clothing. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:817-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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45
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Vardam T, Anandasabapathy N. Langerhans Cells Orchestrate T FH-Dependent Humoral Immunity. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1826-1828. [PMID: 28843293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper cells contribute to the development of long-lasting humoral immunity by germinal center formation. Somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation take place in germinal centers leading to the generation of memory B cells and plasma cells. As such, T follicular helper cells impact immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, and cancer. This necessitates further understanding of how T follicular helper cells are regulated in health and disease. The current study by Levin et al. builds on prior work to further substantiate a critical role for skin migratory dendritic cells and in particular Langerhans cells at governing T follicular helper and germinal center formation after intradermal immunization with HIV p24-coated polylactic acid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Vardam
- Department of Dermatology/Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology/Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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46
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Cho Y, Kwon D, Kang SJ. The Cooperative Role of CD326 + and CD11b + Dendritic Cell Subsets for a Hapten-Induced Th2 Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3137-3146. [PMID: 28972093 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in directing immune responses. Previous studies have identified a variety of DC subsets and elucidated their context-dependent functions that parallel those of effector Th cell subsets. However, little is known about the DC subsets responsible for differentiation of Th2 cells governing allergic contact dermatitis. In this study, we sought to determine the DC subset(s) that mediate Th2 priming in hapten-sensitized mice. We induced hapten-specific Th2 differentiation by sensitizing the mice with a single application of FITC dissolved in acetone:dibutyl phthalate, and traced the immune cells responsible for inducing the Th2 differentiation process at the primary stimulation, enabling us to track Th2 priming in vivo and to delete basophils and specific DC subsets. Our analysis revealed that IL-4 was produced in vivo as early as day 3 from CD4+ T cells with a single application of FITC. Basophils, despite producing IL-4 1 d earlier than T cells, were found to be dispensable for Th2 differentiation. Instead, we demonstrated that CD326+ dermal DCs and Langerhans cells were redundantly required for FITC-induced Th2 differentiation in vivo. Moreover, the cooperation of CD326+ Langerhans cells and CD11b+ DCs differentiated naive T cells into Th2 cells in vitro. Collectively, our findings highlight at least two DC subsets that play a critical role in polarizing naive CD4+ T cells to Th2 cells and support a two-hit model for Th2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeong Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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47
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Hatakeyama M, Fukunaga A, Washio K, Taguchi K, Oda Y, Ogura K, Nishigori C. Anti-Inflammatory Role of Langerhans Cells and Apoptotic Keratinocytes in Ultraviolet-B-Induced Cutaneous Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2937-2947. [PMID: 28893957 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UV radiation, particularly UVB, is the major risk factor for the induction of skin cancer, and it induces skin inflammation and immunosuppression. Although reports documented that Langerhans cells (LCs) play various roles in photobiology, little is known about whether they contribute to UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation. Recently, the anti-inflammatory effect of apoptotic cells was noted. This study focuses on the roles of LCs and apoptotic cells in UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation. We show that LCs are essential for resolution of UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation. Administration of quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[2,6-difluophenoxy]-methyl ketone, a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor with potent antiapoptotic properties, inhibited the formation of UVB-induced apoptotic cells and aggravated UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation in wild-type mice. In contrast, exacerbation of UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation following quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[2,6-difluophenoxy]-methyl ketone administration was not observed in LC-depleted mice. These results suggest that the interaction between LCs and apoptotic cells is critical for resolution of UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation. Interestingly, UVB-induced apoptotic keratinocytes were increased in LC-depleted mice. In addition, we revealed that UVB-induced apoptotic keratinocytes were phagocytosed by LCs ex vivo and that prolongation of UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation following treatment with Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of phagocytosis, was partially attenuated in LC-depleted mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the interaction between LCs and apoptotic cells, possibly via LC-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic keratinocytes, has an essential anti-inflammatory role in the resolution of UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hatakeyama
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ken Washio
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Oda
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kanako Ogura
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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48
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Cytolytic DNA vaccine encoding lytic perforin augments the maturation of- and antigen presentation by- dendritic cells in a time-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8530. [PMID: 28819257 PMCID: PMC5561019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cost-effective vaccines capable of inducing robust CD8+ T cell immunity will contribute significantly towards the elimination of persistent viral infections and cancers worldwide. We have previously reported that a cytolytic DNA vaccine encoding an immunogen and a truncated mouse perforin (PRF) protein significantly augments anti-viral T cell (including CD8+ T cell) immunity. Thus, the current study investigated whether this vaccine enhances activation of dendritic cells (DCs) resulting in greater priming of CD8+ T cell immunity. In vitro data showed that transfection of HEK293T cells with the cytolytic DNA resulted in the release of lactate dehydrogenase, indicative of necrotic/lytic cell death. In vitro exposure of this lytic cell debris to purified DCs from naïve C57BL/6 mice resulted in maturation of DCs as determined by up-regulation of CD80/CD86. Using activation/proliferation of adoptively transferred OT-I CD8+ T cells to measure antigen presentation by DCs in vivo, it was determined that cytolytic DNA immunisation resulted in a time-dependent increase in the proliferation of OT-I CD8+ T cells compared to canonical DNA immunisation. Overall, the data suggest that the cytolytic DNA vaccine increases the activity of DCs which has important implications for the design of DNA vaccines to improve their translational prospects.
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49
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Strandt H, Pinheiro DF, Kaplan DH, Wirth D, Gratz IK, Hammerl P, Thalhamer J, Stoecklinger A. Neoantigen Expression in Steady-State Langerhans Cells Induces CTL Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1626-1634. [PMID: 28739880 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The skin hosts a variety of dendritic cells (DCs), which act as professional APC to control cutaneous immunity. Langerhans cells (LCs) are the only DC subset in the healthy epidermis. However, due to the complexity of the skin DC network, their relative contribution to either immune activation or immune tolerance is still not entirely understood. To specifically study the function of LCs in vivo, without altering the DC subset composition in the skin, we have generated transgenic mouse models for tamoxifen-inducible de novo expression of Ags in LCs but no other langerin+ DCs. Therefore, this system allows for LC-restricted Ag presentation to T cells. Presentation of nonsecreted OVA (GFPOVA) by steady-state LCs resulted in transient activation of endogenous CTL in transgenic mice. However, when these mice were challenged with OVA by gene gun immunization in the contraction phase of the primary CTL response they did not respond with a recall of CTL memory but, instead, with robust Ag-specific CTL tolerance. We found regulatory T cells (Tregs) enriched in the skin of tolerized mice, and depletion of Tregs or adoptive experiments revealed that Tregs were critically involved in CTL tolerance. By contrast, when OVA was presented by activated LCs, a recallable CTL memory response developed in transgenic mice. Thus, neoantigen presentation by epidermal LCs results in either robust CTL tolerance or CTL memory, and this decision-making depends on the activation state of the presenting LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Strandt
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Dagmar Wirth
- Helmholtz Centre of Infection Research, 38102 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Iris Karina Gratz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Peter Hammerl
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josef Thalhamer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Stoecklinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; .,EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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50
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Suzuki K, Meguro K, Nakagomi D, Nakajima H. Roles of alternatively activated M2 macrophages in allergic contact dermatitis. Allergol Int 2017; 66:392-397. [PMID: 28320580 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) play key roles in the suppression of Th1 cell responses and the orchestration of tissue repair. However, recent studies have shown that M2 macrophages have potentials to produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, suggesting that M2 macrophages may exacerbate inflammation in some settings. In this regard, we have recently shown that large numbers of M2 macrophages accumulate in the sites of hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS), an animal model of allergic contact dermatitis, and that M2 macrophages exacerbate hapten-induced CHS by producing matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12). We have also shown that suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3), a member of SOCS family proteins that are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of the JAK/STAT signaling pathways, is highly and preferentially expressed in M2 macrophages in hapten-induced CHS and that SOCS3 expressed in M2 macrophages is involved in the attenuation of CHS by suppressing MMP12 production. These findings underscore the importance of M2 macrophage-derived MMP12 in the development of CHS, and suggest that inhibition of M2 macrophages or MMP12 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis.
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