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Lee JH, Kim JW, Lee HE, Song JY, Cho AH, Hwang JH, Heo K, Lee S. A dual-targeting approach using a human bispecific antibody against the receptor-binding domain of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Virus Res 2024; 345:199383. [PMID: 38697296 PMCID: PMC11074968 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has posed a significant global health concern due to its severe respiratory illness and high fatality rate. Currently, despite the potential for resurgence, there are no specific treatments for MERS-CoV, and only supportive care is available. Our study aimed to address this therapeutic gap by developing a potent neutralizing bispecific antibody (bsAb) against MERS-CoV. Initially, we isolated four human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically target the MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain (RBD) using phage display technology and an established human antibody library. Among these four selected mAbs, our intensive in vitro functional analyses showed that the MERS-CoV RBD-specific mAb K111.3 exhibited the most potent neutralizing activity against MERS-CoV pseudoviral infection and the molecular interaction between MERS-CoV RBD and human dipeptidyl peptidase 4. Consequently, we engineered a novel bsAb, K207.C, by utilizing K111.3 as the IgG base and fusing it with the single-chain variable fragment of its non-competing pair, K111.1. This engineered bsAb showed significantly enhanced neutralization potential against MERS-CoV compared to its parental mAb. These findings suggest that K207.C may serve as a potential candidate for effective MERS-CoV neutralization, further highlighting the promise of the bsAb dual-targeting approach in MERS-CoV neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Eon Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Song
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Hyun Cho
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Dong Y, Wang J, Chen L, Chen H, Dang S, Li F. Aptamer-based assembly systems for SARS-CoV-2 detection and therapeutics. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38829187 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00774j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are oligonucleotide chains with molecular recognition properties. Compared with antibodies, aptamers show advantages given that they are readily produced via chemical synthesis and elicit minimal immunogenicity in biomedicine applications. Notably, aptamer-encoded nucleic acid assemblies further improve the binding affinity of aptamers with the targets due to their multivalent synergistic interactions. Specially, aptamers can be engineered with special topological arrangements in nucleic acid assemblies, which demonstrate spatial and valence matching towards antigens on viruses, thus showing potential in the detection and therapeutic applications of viruses. This review presents the recent progress on the aptamers explored for SARS-CoV-2 detection and infection treatment, wherein applications of aptamer-based assembly systems are introduced in detail. Screening methods and chemical modification strategies for aptamers are comprehensively summarized, and the types of aptamers employed against different target domains of SARS-CoV-2 are illustrated. The evolution of aptamer-based assembly systems for the detection and neutralization of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the construction principle and characteristics of aptamer-based DNA assemblies are demonstrated. The typically representative works are presented to demonstrate how to assemble aptamers rationally and elaborately for specific applications in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and neutralization. Finally, we provide deep insights into the current challenges and future perspectives towards aptamer-based nucleic acid assemblies for virus detection and neutralization in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Jingping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Haonan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Shuangbo Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
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Ahmadi F, Tran H, Letourneau N, Little SR, Fortin A, Moraitis AN, Shih SCC. An Automated Single-Cell Droplet-Digital Microfluidic Platform for Monoclonal Antibody Discovery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308950. [PMID: 38441226 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery plays a prominent role in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Droplet microfluidics has become a standard technology for high-throughput screening of antibody-producing cells due to high droplet single-cell confinement frequency and rapid analysis and sorting of the cells of interest with their secreted mAbs. In this work, a new method is described for on-demand co-encapsulation of cells that eliminates the difficulties associated with washing in between consecutive steps inside the droplets and enables the washing and addition of fresh media. The new platform identifies hybridoma cells that are expressing antibodies of interest using antibody-characterization assays to find the best-performing or rare-cell antibody candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1M8, Canada
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hao Tran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Natasha Letourneau
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Samuel R Little
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1M8, Canada
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Annie Fortin
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Anna N Moraitis
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Steve C C Shih
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1M8, Canada
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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Mokhonova EI, Malik R, Mamsa H, Walker J, Gibbs EM, Crosbie RH. The Development of Robust Antibodies to Sarcospan, a Dystrophin- and Integrin-Associated Protein, for Basic and Translational Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6121. [PMID: 38892308 PMCID: PMC11173052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcospan (SSPN) is a 25-kDa transmembrane protein that is broadly expressed at the cell surface of many tissues, including, but not limited to, the myofibers from skeletal and smooth muscles, cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, kidney epithelial cells, and neurons. SSPN is a core component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) that links the intracellular actin cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix. It is also associated with integrin α7β1, the predominant integrin expressed in skeletal muscle. As a tetraspanin-like protein with four transmembrane spanning domains, SSPN functions as a scaffold to facilitate protein-protein interactions at the cell membrane. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy are caused by the loss of dystrophin at the muscle cell surface and a concomitant loss of the entire DGC, including SSPN. SSPN overexpression ameliorates Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the mdx murine model, which supports SSPN being a viable therapeutic target. Other rescue studies support SSPN as a biomarker for the proper assembly and membrane expression of the DGC. Highly specific and robust antibodies to SSPN are needed for basic research on the molecular mechanisms of SSPN rescue, pre-clinical studies, and biomarker evaluations in human samples. The development of SSPN antibodies is challenged by the presence of its four transmembrane domains and limited antigenic epitopes. To address the significant barrier presented by limited commercially available antibodies, we aimed to generate a panel of robust SSPN-specific antibodies that can serve as a resource for the research community. We created antibodies to three SSPN protein epitopes, including the intracellular N- and C-termini as well as the large extracellular loop (LEL) between transmembrane domains 3 and 4. We developed a panel of rabbit antibodies (poly- and monoclonal) against an N-terminal peptide fragment of SSPN. We used several assays to show that the rabbit antibodies recognize mouse SSPN with a high functional affinity and specificity. We developed mouse monoclonal antibodies against the C-terminal peptide and the large extracellular loop of human SSPN. These antibodies are superior to commercially available antibodies and outperform them in various applications, including immunoblotting, indirect immunofluorescence analysis, immunoprecipitation, and an ELISA. These newly developed antibodies will significantly improve the quality and ease of SSPN detection for basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Mokhonova
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ravinder Malik
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hafsa Mamsa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jackson Walker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Gibbs
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rachelle H. Crosbie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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5
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Omidfar K, Kashanian S. A mini review on recent progress of microfluidic systems for antibody development. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:323-331. [PMID: 38932846 PMCID: PMC11196548 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Antibody is specific reagent that be utilized in various field of biomedical research. Monoclonal antibodies are mostly produced using two common techniques namely hybridoma and antibody engineering, which suffer from some limitations such as boring screening procedures, long production time, low efficacy and a degree of automation. To address these limitations, various microfluidics techniques have been developed for the antibody isolation and screening. Methods This study specifically investigates nearly recent reports published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in various databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Results In this study, we identified a total of seventy papers from a pool of 130 articles. These papers focus on the application of three major groups of microfluidic platforms, namely valves, microwells, and droplets, in the development of antibodies using hybridoma method and phage display technology. We provide a summary of these applications and also discuss the key findings in this field. Additionally, we illustrate our discussion with several examples to enhance understanding. Conclusions Microfluidics has the potential to serve as a valuable tool in streamlining complex laboratory procedures involved in antibody discovery. However, it is important to note that microfluidics is limited to laboratory settings. Further enhancements are needed to address existing challenges and to make microfluidics a reliable, accurate, and cost-effective tool for antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular–Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohiela Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971 Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971 Iran
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6
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Liu C, Li Y, He Q, Fu J, Wei Q, Lin H, Luo Y, Tu Z. Sequence-based design and construction of synthetic nanobody library. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1973-1985. [PMID: 38548653 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Nanobody (Nb), the smallest antibody fragments known to bind antigens, is now widely applied to various studies, including protein structure analysis, bioassay, diagnosis, and biomedicine. The traditional approach to generating specific nanobodies involves animal immunization which is time-consuming and expensive. As the understanding of the antibody repertoire accumulation, the synthetic library, which is devoid of animals, has attracted attention widely in recent years. Here, we describe a synthetic phage display library (S-Library), designed based on the systematic analysis of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) of nanobody repertoire. The library consists of a single highly conserved scaffold (IGHV3S65*01-IGHJ4*01) and complementary determining regions of constrained diversity. The S-Library containing 2.19 × 108 independent clones was constructed by the one-step assembly and rapid electro-transformation. The S-Library was screened against various targets (Nb G8, fusion protein of Nb G8 and green fluorescent protein, bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, and acetylcholinesterase). In comparison, a naïve library (N-Library) from the source of 13 healthy animals was constructed and screened against the same targets as the S-Library. Binders were isolated from both S-Library and N-Library. The dynamic affinity was evaluated by the biolayer interferometry. The data confirms that the feature of the Nb repertoire is conducive to reducing the complexity of library design, thus allowing the S-Library to be built on conventional reagents and primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institution, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institution, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institution, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingting Wei
- School of Software, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhui Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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7
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Strazza V, Rossi M, Avati A, Tiseo G, Falcone M, Cusi MG, Menichetti F, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Tinti C, Pileri P. Rapid generation of human recombinant monoclonal antibodies from antibody-secreting cells using ferrofluid-based technology. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341389. [PMID: 38698845 PMCID: PMC11064063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the most important classes of biologics with high therapeutic and diagnostic value, but traditional methods for mAbs generation, such as hybridoma screening and phage display, have limitations, including low efficiency and loss of natural chain pairing. To overcome these challenges, novel single B cell antibody technologies have emerged, but they also have limitations such as in vitro differentiation of memory B cells and expensive cell sorters. In this study, we present a rapid and efficient workflow for obtaining human recombinant monoclonal antibodies directly from single antigen-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) in the peripheral blood of convalescent COVID-19 patients using ferrofluid technology. This process allows the identification and expression of recombinant antigen-specific mAbs in less than 10 days, using RT-PCR to generate linear Ig heavy and light chain gene expression cassettes, called "minigenes", for rapid expression of recombinant antibodies without cloning procedures. This approach has several advantages. First, it saves time and resources by eliminating the need for in vitro differentiation. It also allows individual antigen-specific ASCs to be screened for effector function prior to recombinant antibody cloning, enabling the selection of mAbs with desired characteristics and functional activity. In addition, the method allows comprehensive analysis of variable region repertoires in combination with functional assays to evaluate the specificity and function of the generated antigen-specific antibodies. Our approach, which rapidly generates recombinant monoclonal antibodies from single antigen-specific ASCs, could help to identify functional antibodies and deepen our understanding of antibody dynamics in the immune response through combined antibody repertoire sequence analysis and functional reactivity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Strazza
- Hyper Antibody Research & Development (HARD) -Lab, Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Hyper Antibody Research & Development (HARD) -Lab, Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Avati
- Hyper Antibody Research & Development (HARD) -Lab, Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Giusy Tiseo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Falcone
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Menichetti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Tinti
- Hyper Antibody Research & Development (HARD) -Lab, Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Piero Pileri
- Hyper Antibody Research & Development (HARD) -Lab, Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
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Tenggara MK, Oh SH, Yang C, Nariya HK, Metz AM, Upadhyay AA, Gudipati DR, Guo L, McGhee EG, Gill K, Viox EG, Mason RD, Doria-Rose NA, Foulds KE, Mascola JR, Du Y, Fu H, Altman JD, Yan Q, Sheng Z, Bosinger SE, Kong R. Frequency-potency analysis of IgG+ memory B cells delineates neutralizing antibody responses at single-cell resolution. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113948. [PMID: 38483908 PMCID: PMC11003769 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying individual functional B cell receptors (BCRs) is common, but two-dimensional analysis of B cell frequency versus BCR potency would delineate both quantity and quality of antigen-specific memory B cells. We efficiently determine quantitative BCR neutralizing activities using a single-cell-derived antibody supernatant analysis (SCAN) workflow and develop a frequency-potency algorithm to estimate B cell frequencies at various neutralizing activity or binding affinity cutoffs. In an HIV-1 fusion peptide (FP) immunization study, frequency-potency curves elucidate the quantity and quality of FP-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG)+ memory B cells for different animals, time points, and antibody lineages at single-cell resolution. The BCR neutralizing activities are mainly determined by their affinities to soluble envelope trimer. Frequency analysis definitively demonstrates dominant neutralizing antibody lineages. These findings establish SCAN and frequency-potency analyses as promising approaches for general B cell analysis and monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery. They also provide specific rationales for HIV-1 FP-directed vaccine optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Tenggara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Seo-Ho Oh
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Catherine Yang
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Hardik K Nariya
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Amanda M Metz
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Amit A Upadhyay
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Dedeepya R Gudipati
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Lizheng Guo
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Emily G McGhee
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kiran Gill
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Elise G Viox
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosemarie D Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D Altman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rui Kong
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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9
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Gu X, Qi L, Qi Q, Zhou J, Chen S, Wang L. Monoclonal antibody therapy for Alzheimer's disease focusing on intracerebral targets. Biosci Trends 2024; 18:49-65. [PMID: 38382942 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the complexity of the disorder and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), its drug discovery and development are facing enormous challenges, especially after several failures of monoclonal antibody (mAb) trials. Nevertheless, the Food and Drug Administration's approval of the mAb aducanumab has ushered in a new day. As we better understand the disease's pathogenesis and identify novel intracerebral therapeutic targets, antibody-based therapies have advanced over the past few years. The mAb drugs targeting β-amyloid or hyperphosphorylated tau protein are the focus of the current research. Massive neuronal loss and glial cell-mediated inflammation are also the vital pathological hallmarks of AD, signaling a new direction for research on mAb drugs. We have elucidated the mechanisms by which AD-specific mAbs cross the BBB to bind to targets. In order to investigate therapeutic approaches to treat AD, this review focuses on the promising mAbs targeting intracerebral dysfunction and related strategies to cross the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Gu
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Qi
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Qi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Chen
- Postdoctoral Station of Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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10
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Yu P, Ran J, Yang R, Zhu H, Lu S, Wu Y, Zhao T, Xiong T. Rapid isolation of pan-neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants from convalescent individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374913. [PMID: 38510237 PMCID: PMC10950932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants has presented a significant challenge to global health, as these variants show resistance to most antibodies developed early in the pandemic. Therapeutic antibodies with potent efficacy to the Omicron variants are urgently demanded. Methods Utilizing the rapid antibody discovery platform, Berkeley Lights Beacon, we isolated two monoclonal neutralizing antibodies, 2173-A6 and 3462-A4. These antibodies were isolated from individuals who recently recovered from Omicron infections. Results Both antibodies, 2173-A6 and 3462-A4, demonstrated high affinity for the RBD and effectively neutralized pseudoviruses from various Omicron lineages, including BA.4/5, XBB.1.16, XBB.1.5, and EG.5.1. This neutralization was achieved through binding to identical or overlapping epitopes. Discussion The use of the Beacon platform enabled the rapid isolation and identification of effective neutralizing antibodies within less than 10 days. This process significantly accelerates the development of novel therapeutic antibodies, potentially reducing the time required to respond to unknown infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingping Ran
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Zhu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Lu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianchen Xiong
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
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11
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Chiyyeadu A, Asgedom G, Bruhn M, Rocha C, Schlegel TU, Neumann T, Galla M, Vollmer Barbosa P, Hoffmann M, Ehrhardt K, Ha TC, Morgan M, Schoeder CT, Pöhlmann S, Kalinke U, Schambach A. A tetravalent bispecific antibody outperforms the combination of its parental antibodies and neutralizes diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants. Clin Immunol 2024; 260:109902. [PMID: 38218210 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The devastating impact of COVID-19 on global health shows the need to increase our pandemic preparedness. Recombinant therapeutic antibodies were successfully used to treat and protect at-risk patients from COVID-19. However, the currently circulating Omicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 are largely resistant to therapeutic antibodies, and novel approaches to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies are urgently needed. Here, we describe a tetravalent bispecific antibody, A7A9 TVB, which actively neutralized many SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including early Omicron subvariants. Interestingly, A7A9 TVB neutralized more variants at lower concentration as compared to the combination of its parental monoclonal antibodies, A7K and A9L. A7A9 also reduced the viral load of authentic Omicron BA.1 virus in infected pseudostratified primary human nasal epithelial cells. Overall, A7A9 displayed the characteristics of a potent broadly neutralizing antibody, which may be suitable for prophylactic and therapeutic applications in the clinics, thus highlighting the usefulness of an effective antibody-designing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chiyyeadu
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Girmay Asgedom
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Bruhn
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cheila Rocha
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tom U Schlegel
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Philippe Vollmer Barbosa
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Ehrhardt
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Teng-Cheong Ha
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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12
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Stone CA, Spiller BW, Smith SA. Engineering therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:539-548. [PMID: 37995859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of human antibodies as biologic therapeutics has revolutionized patient care throughout fields of medicine. As our understanding of the many roles antibodies play within our natural immune responses continues to advance, so will the number of therapeutic indications for which an mAb will be developed. The great breadth of function, long half-life, and modular structure allow for nearly limitless therapeutic possibilities. Human antibodies can be rationally engineered to enhance their desired immune functions and eliminate those that may result in unwanted effects. Antibody therapeutics now often start with fully human variable regions, either acquired from genetically engineered humanized mice or from the actual human B cells. These variable genes can be further engineered by widely used methods for optimization of their specificity through affinity maturation, random mutagenesis, targeted mutagenesis, and use of in silico approaches. Antibody isotype selection and deliberate mutations are also used to improve efficacy and tolerability by purposeful fine-tuning of their immune effector functions. Finally, improvements directed at binding to the neonatal Fc receptor can endow therapeutic antibodies with unbelievable extensions in their circulating half-life. The future of engineered antibody therapeutics is bright, with the global mAb market projected to exhibit compound annual growth, forecasted to reach a revenue of nearly half a trillion dollars in 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosby A Stone
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Benjamin W Spiller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Scott A Smith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
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13
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Soussan S, Pupier G, Cremer I, Joubert PE, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman W, Sibéril S. Unraveling the complex interplay between anti-tumor immune response and autoimmunity mediated by B cells and autoantibodies in the era of anti-checkpoint monoclonal antibody therapies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343020. [PMID: 38318190 PMCID: PMC10838986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between anti-tumor immunity and autoimmunity is a complex yet crucial aspect of cancer biology. Tumor microenvironment often exhibits autoimmune features, a phenomenon that involves natural autoimmunity and the induction of humoral responses against self-antigens during tumorigenesis. This induction is facilitated by the orchestration of anti-tumor immunity, particularly within organized structures like tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). Paradoxically, a significant number of cancer patients do not manifest autoimmune features during the course of their illness, with rare instances of paraneoplastic syndromes. This discrepancy can be attributed to various immune-mediated locks, including regulatory or suppressive immune cells, anergic autoreactive lymphocytes, or induction of effector cells exhaustion due to chronic stimulation. Overcoming these locks holds the risk to induce autoimmune mechanisms during cancer progression, a phenomenon notably observed with anti-immune checkpoint therapies, in contrast to more conventional treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, the challenge arises in managing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment, as decoupling them from the anti-tumor activity poses a significant clinical dilemma. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the link between B-cell driven anti-tumor responses and autoimmune reactions in cancer patients, and discusses the clinical implications of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Sibéril
- Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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14
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Dübel S. Can antibodies be "vegan"? A guide through the maze of today's antibody generation methods. MAbs 2024; 16:2343499. [PMID: 38634488 PMCID: PMC11028021 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2343499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that today's life sciences would look very different without the availability of millions of research antibody products. Nevertheless, the use of antibody reagents that are poorly characterized has led to the publication of false or misleading results. The use of laboratory animals to produce research antibodies has also been criticized. Surprisingly, both problems can be addressed with the same technology. This review charts today's maze of different antibody formats and the various methods for antibody production and their interconnections, ultimately concluding that sequence-defined recombinant antibodies offer a clear path to both improved quality of experimental data and reduced use of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dübel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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Li Z, Jallow A, Nidiaye S, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Li P, Tang X. Improvement of the sensitivity of lateral flow systems for detecting mycotoxins: Up-to-date strategies and future perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13255. [PMID: 38284606 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are dangerous human and animal health-threatening secondary fungal metabolites that can be found in various food and agricultural products. Several countries have established regulations to restrict their presence in food and agricultural products destined for human and animal consumption. Consequently, the need to develop highly sensitive and smart detection systems was recognized worldwide. Lateral flow assay possesses the advantages of easy operation, rapidity, stability, accuracy, and specificity, and it plays an important role in the detection of mycotoxins. Nevertheless, strategies to comprehensively improve the sensitivity of lateral flow assay to mycotoxins in food have rarely been highlighted and discussed. In this article, a comprehensive overview was presented on the application of lateral flow assay in mycotoxin detection in food samples by highlighting the principle of lateral flow assay, presenting a detailed discussion on various analytical performance-improvement strategies, such as the development of high-affinity recognition reagents, immunogen immobilization methods, and signal amplification. Additionally, a detailed discussion on the various signal analyzers and interpretation approaches was provided. Finally, current hurdles and future perspectives on the application of lateral flow assay in the detection of mycotoxins were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdoulie Jallow
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Seyni Nidiaye
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Jiang M, Wang Y, Yu X, He Y, Zheng X, Qin J, Gu Y, Li X, Shi Y, Ma X, Li J, Pu K. An image-based Abplex method for high-throughput GPCRs antibody discovery. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300336. [PMID: 37941478 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
As the field of antibody therapeutics advances rapidly, membrane proteins, particularly G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), have emerged as highly sought-after drug targets. However, the challenges associated with extracting membrane proteins have created a demand for effective antibody screening systems targeting these proteins. In this study, we propose developing an innovative antibody screening strategy (Abplex) based on high-content imaging. This approach leverages intact cells that express target membrane proteins, facilitating the presentation of proteins in their native conformation. Furthermore, it acquires both specific and non-specific binding signals in a single well, thereby bolstering the robustness of the outcomes. The technique involves just one step and can be completed within 50 min, enabling the analysis of a single sample in just one second. The amalgamation of dependable experimental findings, a simplified workflow, reduced hands-on time, and a swift analytical pace positions our method for superior throughput and precision when juxtaposed with traditional techniques such as CbELISA and FACS. Moreover, we introduce the concept of cell barcoding, wherein cells are labeled with different fluorescence spatial patterns. This feature allows for multiplexed detection to meet the needs of various experiments. The characteristics of Abplex promise to expedite GPCR-targeting antibody discovery, advance therapeutics and enable new disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiran He
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Zheng
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Qin
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yayun Gu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Pu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
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17
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Saputri DS, Ismanto HS, Nugraha DK, Xu Z, Horiguchi Y, Sakakibara S, Standley DM. Deciphering the antigen specificities of antibodies by clustering their complementarity determining region sequences. mSystems 2023; 8:e0072223. [PMID: 37975681 PMCID: PMC10734444 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00722-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Determining antigen and epitope specificity is an essential step in the discovery of therapeutic antibodies as well as in the analysis adaptive immune responses to disease or vaccination. Despite extensive efforts, deciphering antigen specificity solely from BCR amino acid sequence remains a challenging task, requiring a combination of experimental and computational approaches. Here, we describe and experimentally validate a simple and straightforward approach for grouping antibodies that share antigen and epitope specificities based on their CDR sequence similarity. This approach allows us to identify the specificities of a large number of antibodies whose antigen targets are unknown, using a small fraction of antibodies with well-annotated binding specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianita S. Saputri
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hendra S. Ismanto
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Dendi K. Nugraha
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Zichang Xu
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Horiguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sakakibara
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Safety Management, Jikei University of Health Care Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daron M. Standley
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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18
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Wang W, Gu Y, Ou Y, Zhou J, Liu B, Zuo H, Du Y, Wang Y, Tang T, Zou Q, Zuo Q. Human monoclonal antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus A protein identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of phase I clinical volunteers' B cells. Clin Immunol 2023; 257:109843. [PMID: 37981106 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, poses a significant threat through infections in both community and hospital settings. To address this challenge, we conducted a phase I clinical trial study involving a recombinant Staphylococcus aureus vaccine. Utilizing peripheral blood lymphocytes from 64 subjects, we isolated antigen-specific memory B cells for subsequent single-cell sequencing. Among the 676 identified antigen-binding IgG1+ clones, we selected the top 10 antibody strains for construction within expression vectors. Successful expression and purification of these monoclonal antibodies led to the discovery of a highly expressed human antibody, designated as IgG-6. This antibody specifically targets the pentameric form of the Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA5). In vivo assessments revealed that IgG-6 provided prophylactic protection against MRSA252 infection. This study underscores the potential of human antibodies as an innovative strategy against Staphylococcus aureus infections, offering a promising avenue for further research and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenHao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - YaRu Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - YangXue Ou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - JinRui Zhou
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610083, PR China
| | - BiXia Liu
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610083, PR China
| | - HouYi Zuo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - YeXiang Du
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- 953th Hospital, Shigatse Branch, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 857000 Shigatse, China
| | - TengQian Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - QuanMing Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - QianFei Zuo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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19
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Singh R, Chandley P, Rohatgi S. Recent Advances in the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Next-Generation Antibodies. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:886-897. [PMID: 38149884 PMCID: PMC10759153 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
mAbs are highly indispensable tools for diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications. The first technique, hybridoma technology, was based on fusion of B lymphocytes with myeloma cells, which resulted in generation of single mAbs against a specific Ag. Along with hybridoma technology, several novel and alternative methods have been developed to improve mAb generation, ranging from electrofusion to the discovery of completely novel technologies such as B cell immortalization; phage, yeast, bacterial, ribosome, and mammalian display systems; DNA/RNA encoded Abs; single B cell technology; transgenic animals; and artificial intelligence/machine learning. This commentary outlines the evolution, methodology, advantages, and limitations of various mAb production techniques. Furthermore, with the advent of next-generation Ab technologies such as single-chain variable fragments, nanobodies, bispecific Abs, Fc-engineered Abs, Ab biosimilars, Ab mimetics, and Ab-drug conjugates, the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors have become resourceful to develop highly specific mAb treatments against various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Chandley
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Soma Rohatgi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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20
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Keitany GJ, Rubin BER, Garrett ME, Musa A, Tracy J, Liang Y, Ebert P, Moore AJ, Guan J, Eggers E, Lescano N, Brown R, Carbo A, Al-Asadi H, Ching T, Day A, Harris R, Linkem C, Popov D, Wilkins C, Li L, Wang J, Liu C, Chen L, Dines JN, Atyeo C, Alter G, Baldo L, Sherwood A, Howie B, Klinger M, Yusko E, Robins HS, Benzeno S, Gilbert AE. Multimodal, broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput native pairing of BCRs from bulk B cells. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1377-1389.e8. [PMID: 37586370 PMCID: PMC10659930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
TruAB Discovery is an approach that integrates cellular immunology, high-throughput immunosequencing, bioinformatics, and computational biology in order to discover naturally occurring human antibodies for prophylactic or therapeutic use. We adapted our previously described pairSEQ technology to pair B cell receptor heavy and light chains of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-binding antibodies derived from enriched antigen-specific memory B cells and bulk antibody-secreting cells. We identified approximately 60,000 productive, in-frame, paired antibody sequences, from which 2,093 antibodies were selected for functional evaluation based on abundance, isotype and patterns of somatic hypermutation. The exceptionally diverse antibodies included RBD-binders with broad neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, and S2-binders with broad specificity against betacoronaviruses and the ability to block membrane fusion. A subset of these RBD- and S2-binding antibodies demonstrated robust protection against challenge in hamster and mouse models. This high-throughput approach can accelerate discovery of diverse, multifunctional antibodies against any target of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Musa
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeff Tracy
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yu Liang
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter Ebert
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Erica Eggers
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Ryan Brown
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adria Carbo
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Austin Day
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lianqu Li
- GenScript ProBio Biotech, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- GenScript ProBio Biotech, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- GenScript ProBio Biotech, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- GenScript ProBio Biotech, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lance Baldo
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Bryan Howie
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mark Klinger
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erik Yusko
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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21
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Ormundo LF, Barreto CT, Tsuruta LR. Development of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for Emerging Arbovirus Infections. Viruses 2023; 15:2177. [PMID: 38005854 PMCID: PMC10675117 DOI: 10.3390/v15112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based passive immunotherapy has been used effectively in the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Outbreaks of emerging viral infections from arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) represent a global public health problem due to their rapid spread, urging measures and the treatment of infected individuals to combat them. Preparedness in advances in developing antivirals and relevant epidemiological studies protect us from damage and losses. Immunotherapy based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been shown to be very specific in combating infectious diseases and various other illnesses. Recent advances in mAb discovery techniques have allowed the development and approval of a wide number of therapeutic mAbs. This review focuses on the technological approaches available to select neutralizing mAbs for emerging arbovirus infections and the next-generation strategies to obtain highly effective and potent mAbs. The characteristics of mAbs developed as prophylactic and therapeutic antiviral agents for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, West Nile and tick-borne encephalitis virus are presented, as well as the protective effect demonstrated in animal model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo F. Ormundo
- Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (L.F.O.); (C.T.B.)
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina T. Barreto
- Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (L.F.O.); (C.T.B.)
- The Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Lilian R. Tsuruta
- Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (L.F.O.); (C.T.B.)
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22
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Asrat S, Devlin JC, Vecchione A, Klotz B, Setliff I, Srivastava D, Limnander A, Rafique A, Adler C, Porter S, Murphy AJ, Atwal GS, Sleeman MA, Lim WK, Orengo JM. TRAPnSeq allows high-throughput profiling of antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100522. [PMID: 37533642 PMCID: PMC10391570 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Following activation by cognate antigen, B cells undergo fine-tuning of their antigen receptors and may ultimately differentiate into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). While antigen-specific B cells that express surface receptors (B cell receptors [BCRs]) can be readily cloned and sequenced following flow sorting, antigen-specific ASCs that lack surface BCRs cannot be easily profiled. Here, we report an approach, TRAPnSeq (antigen specificity mapping through immunoglobulin [Ig] secretion TRAP and Sequencing), that allows capture of secreted antibodies on the surface of ASCs, which in turn enables high-throughput screening of single ASCs against large antigen panels. This approach incorporates flow cytometry, standard microfluidic platforms, and DNA-barcoding technologies to characterize antigen-specific ASCs through single-cell V(D)J, RNA, and antigen barcode sequencing. We show the utility of TRAPnSeq by profiling antigen-specific IgG and IgE ASCs from both mice and humans and highlight its capacity to accelerate therapeutic antibody discovery from ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian Klotz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ian Setliff
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Keat Lim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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23
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Robinson JP, Ostafe R, Iyengar SN, Rajwa B, Fischer R. Flow Cytometry: The Next Revolution. Cells 2023; 12:1875. [PMID: 37508539 PMCID: PMC10378642 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Unmasking the subtleties of the immune system requires both a comprehensive knowledge base and the ability to interrogate that system with intimate sensitivity. That task, to a considerable extent, has been handled by an iterative expansion in flow cytometry methods, both in technological capability and also in accompanying advances in informatics. As the field of fluorescence-based cytomics matured, it reached a technological barrier at around 30 parameter analyses, which stalled the field until spectral flow cytometry created a fundamental transformation that will likely lead to the potential of 100 simultaneous parameter analyses within a few years. The simultaneous advance in informatics has now become a watershed moment for the field as it competes with mature systematic approaches such as genomics and proteomics, allowing cytomics to take a seat at the multi-omics table. In addition, recent technological advances try to combine the speed of flow systems with other detection methods, in addition to fluorescence alone, which will make flow-based instruments even more indispensable in any biological laboratory. This paper outlines current approaches in cell analysis and detection methods, discusses traditional and microfluidic sorting approaches as well as next-generation instruments, and provides an early look at future opportunities that are likely to arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Raluca Ostafe
- Molecular Evolution, Protein Engineering and Production Facility (PI4D), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Bartek Rajwa
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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24
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Ramirez Valdez K, Nzau B, Dorey-Robinson D, Jarman M, Nyagwange J, Schwartz JC, Freimanis G, Steyn AW, Warimwe GM, Morrison LJ, Mwangi W, Charleston B, Bonnet-Di Placido M, Hammond JA. A Customizable Suite of Methods to Sequence and Annotate Cattle Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1099. [PMID: 37376488 PMCID: PMC10302312 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the antibody response to infection or vaccination is essential for developing more effective vaccines and therapeutics. Advances in high-throughput antibody sequencing technologies and immunoinformatic tools now allow the fast and comprehensive analysis of antibody repertoires at high resolution in any species. Here, we detail a flexible and customizable suite of methods from flow cytometry, single cell sorting, heavy and light chain amplification to antibody sequencing in cattle. These methods were used successfully, including adaptation to the 10x Genomics platform, to isolate native heavy-light chain pairs. When combined with the Ig-Sequence Multi-Species Annotation Tool, this suite represents a powerful toolkit for studying the cattle antibody response with high resolution and precision. Using three workflows, we processed 84, 96, and 8313 cattle B cells from which we sequenced 24, 31, and 4756 antibody heavy-light chain pairs, respectively. Each method has strengths and limitations in terms of the throughput, timeline, specialist equipment, and cost that are each discussed. Moreover, the principles outlined here can be applied to study antibody responses in other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Nzau
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | | | - James Nyagwange
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme CGMRC, Kilifi P.O. Box 230-80108, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - George M Warimwe
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme CGMRC, Kilifi P.O. Box 230-80108, Kenya
| | - Liam J Morrison
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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25
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Qerqez AN, Silva RP, Maynard JA. Outsmarting Pathogens with Antibody Engineering. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2023; 14:217-241. [PMID: 36917814 PMCID: PMC10330301 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-084508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in identifying antibodies that protect against infectious diseases, especially for high-risk individuals and pathogens for which no vaccine is yet available. However, pathogens that manifest as opportunistic or latent infections express complex arrays of virulence-associated proteins and are adept at avoiding immune responses. Some pathogens have developed strategies to selectively destroy antibodies, whereas others create decoy epitopes that trick the host immune system into generating antibodies that are at best nonprotective and at worst enhance pathogenesis. Antibody engineering strategies can thwart these efforts by accessing conserved neutralizing epitopes, generating Fc domains that resist capture or degradation and even accessing pathogens hidden inside cells. Design of pathogen-resistant antibodies can enhance protection and guide development of vaccine immunogens against these complex pathogens. Here, we discuss general strategies for design of antibodies resistant to specific pathogen defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam N Qerqez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA;
| | - Rui P Silva
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer A Maynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA;
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26
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Pan X, López Acevedo SN, Cuziol C, De Tavernier E, Fahad AS, Longjam PS, Rao SP, Aguilera-Rodríguez D, Rezé M, Bricault CA, Gutiérrez-González MF, de Souza MO, DiNapoli JM, Vigne E, Shahsavarian MA, DeKosky BJ. Large-scale antibody immune response mapping of splenic B cells and bone marrow plasma cells in a transgenic mouse model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137069. [PMID: 37346047 PMCID: PMC10280637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of antibody immunity and human antibody discovery is mainly carried out using peripheral memory B cells, and occasionally plasmablasts, that express B cell receptors (BCRs) on their cell surface. Despite the importance of plasma cells (PCs) as the dominant source of circulating antibodies in serum, PCs are rarely utilized because they do not express surface BCRs and cannot be analyzed using antigen-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Here, we studied the antibodies encoded by the entire mature B cell populations, including PCs, and compared the antibody repertoires of bone marrow and spleen compartments elicited by immunization in a human immunoglobulin transgenic mouse strain. To circumvent prior technical limitations for analysis of plasma cells, we applied single-cell antibody heavy and light chain gene capture from the entire mature B cell repertoires followed by yeast display functional analysis using a cytokine as a model immunogen. We performed affinity-based sorting of antibody yeast display libraries and large-scale next-generation sequencing analyses to follow antibody lineage performance, with experimental validation of 76 monoclonal antibodies against the cytokine antigen that identified three antibodies with exquisite double-digit picomolar binding affinity. We observed that spleen B cell populations generated higher affinity antibodies compared to bone marrow PCs and that antigen-specific splenic B cells had higher average levels of somatic hypermutation. A degree of clonal overlap was also observed between bone marrow and spleen antibody repertoires, indicating common origins of certain clones across lymphoid compartments. These data demonstrate a new capacity to functionally analyze antigen-specific B cell populations of different lymphoid organs, including PCs, for high-affinity antibody discovery and detailed fundamental studies of antibody immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sheila N. López Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Camille Cuziol
- Large Molecule Research, Sanofi, Vitry sur Seine, France
| | | | - Ahmed S. Fahad
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Mathilde Rezé
- Large Molecule Research, Sanofi, Vitry sur Seine, France
| | | | - Matías F. Gutiérrez-González
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Matheus Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Brandon J. DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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27
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Luo L, Duan C, Shen J, Wang Z. Application of germline antibody features to vaccine development, antibody discovery, antibody optimization and disease diagnosis. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108143. [PMID: 37023966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the efficacy and commercial success of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies have been tremendous, designing and discovering new drug candidates remains a labor-, time- and cost-intensive endeavor with high risks. The main challenges of vaccine development are inducing a strong immune response in broad populations and providing effective prevention against a group of highly variable pathogens. Meanwhile, antibody discovery faces several great obstacles, especially the blindness in antibody screening and the unpredictability of the developability and druggability of antibody drugs. These challenges are largely due to poorly understanding of germline antibodies and the antibody responses to pathogen invasions. Thanks to the recent developments in high-throughput sequencing and structural biology, we have gained insight into the germline immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and germline antibodies and then the germline antibody features associated with antigens and disease manifestation. In this review, we firstly outline the broad associations between germline antibodies and antigens. Moreover, we comprehensively review the recent applications of antigen-specific germline antibody features, physicochemical properties-associated germline antibody features, and disease manifestation-associated germline antibody features on vaccine development, antibody discovery, antibody optimization, and disease diagnosis. Lastly, we discuss the bottlenecks and perspectives of current and potential applications of germline antibody features in the biotechnology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfei Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Sakaguchi A, Tanaka Y, Shoji E, Takeshima T, Sakamaki R, Matsuba T, Kurihara Y. Rapid, simple, and effective strategy to produce monoclonal antibodies targeting protein structures using hybridoma technology. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:24. [PMID: 36997993 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies are essential in life science research and developing antibody drugs and test drugs. Various methods have been developed to obtain monoclonal antibodies, among which hybridoma technology continues to be widely used. However, developing a rapid and efficient method for obtaining conformation-specific antibodies using hybridoma technology remains challenging. We previously developed the membrane-type immunoglobulin-directed hybridoma screening (MIHS) method, which is a flow cytometry-based screening technique based on the interaction between the B-cell receptor expressed on the hybridoma cell surface and the antigen protein, to obtain conformation-specific antibodies. RESULTS In this study, we proposed a streptavidin-anchored ELISA screening technology (SAST) as a secondary screening method that retains the advantages of the MIHS method. Anti-enhanced green fluorescent protein monoclonal antibodies were generated as a model experiment, and their structural recognition abilities were examined. Examination of the reaction profiles showed that all monoclonal antibodies obtained in this study recognize the conformational epitopes of the protein antigen. Furthermore, these monoclonal antibodies were classified into two groups: those with binding activities against partially denatured proteins and those with complete loss of binding activities. Next, when screening monoclonal antibodies by the MIHS method as the first screening, we found that monoclonal antibodies with stronger binding constants may be selected by double-staining for hybridomas with fluorescently labeled target antigens and fluorescently labeled B cell receptor antibodies. CONCLUSIONS The proposed two-step screening method, which incorporates MIHS and SAST, constitutes a rapid, simple, and effective strategy to obtain conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies generated through hybridoma technology. The novel monoclonal antibody screening strategy reported herein could accelerate the development of antibody drugs and antibody tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
- Biomaterials Analysis Division, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tanaka
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiki Shoji
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Teppei Takeshima
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rina Sakamaki
- Bioscience Division, Tosoh Corporation, Ebina, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takao Matsuba
- Bioscience Division, Tosoh Corporation, Ebina, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kurihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
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29
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Wang L, Madera R, Li Y, Gladue DP, Borca MV, McIntosh MT, Shi J. Development of Porcine Monoclonal Antibodies with In Vitro Neutralizing Activity against Classical Swine Fever Virus from C-Strain E2-Specific Single B Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040863. [PMID: 37112845 PMCID: PMC10145741 DOI: 10.3390/v15040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) can be used before or after infection to prevent or treat viral diseases. However, there are few efficacious nAbs against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) that have been produced, especially the porcine-originated nAbs. In this study, we generated three porcine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with in vitro neutralizing activity against CSFV, aiming to facilitate the development of passive antibody vaccines or antiviral drugs against CSFV that offer the advantages of stability and low immunogenicity. Pigs were immunized with the C-strain E2 (CE2) subunit vaccine, KNB-E2. At 42 days post vaccination (DPV), CE2-specific single B cells were isolated via fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) baited by Alexa Fluor™ 647-labeled CE2 (positive), goat anti-porcine IgG (H + L)-FITC antibody (positive), PE mouse anti-pig CD3ε (negative) and PE mouse anti-pig CD8a (negative). The full coding region of IgG heavy (H) chains and light (L) chains was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Overall, we obtained 3 IgG H chains, 9 kappa L chains and 36 lambda L chains, which include three paired chains (two H + κ and one H + λ). CE2-specific mAbs were successfully expressed in 293T cells with the three paired chains. The mAbs exhibit potent neutralizing activity against CSFVs. They can protect ST cells from infections in vitro with potent IC50 values from 14.43 µg/mL to 25.98 µg/mL for the CSFV C-strain, and 27.66 µg/mL to 42.61 µg/mL for the CSFV Alfort strain. This study is the first report to describe the amplification of whole-porcine IgG genes from single B cells of KNB-E2-vaccinated pig. The method is versatile, sensitive, and reliable. The generated natural porcine nAbs can be used to develop long-acting and low-immunogenicity passive antibody vaccine or anti-CSFV agents for CSF control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-(785)-706-3796 (L.W.); +1-(785)-532-4506 (J.S.)
| | - Rachel Madera
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (D.P.G.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; (D.P.G.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Michael T. McIntosh
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jishu Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (R.M.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-(785)-706-3796 (L.W.); +1-(785)-532-4506 (J.S.)
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30
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Levy S, Abd Alhadi M, Azulay A, Kahana A, Bujanover N, Gazit R, McGargill MA, Friedman LM, Hertz T. FLU-LISA (fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay): high-throughput antibody profiling using antigen microarrays. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:231-248. [PMID: 36567516 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination and natural infection both elicit potent humoral responses that provide protection from subsequent infections. The immune history of an individual following such exposures is in part encoded by antibodies. While there are multiple immunoassays for measuring antibody responses, the majority of these methods measure responses to a single antigen. A commonly used method for measuring antibody responses is ELISA-a semiquantitative assay that is simple to perform in research and clinical settings. Here, we present FLU-LISA (fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay)-a novel antigen microarray-based assay for rapid high-throughput antibody profiling. The assay can be used for profiling immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA and IgM responses to multiple antigens simultaneously, requiring minimal amounts of sample and antigens. Using several influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen microarrays, we demonstrated the specificity and sensitivity of our novel assay and compared it with the traditional ELISA, using samples from mice, chickens and humans. We also showed that our assay can be readily used with dried blood spots, which can be collected from humans and wild birds. FLU-LISA can be readily used to profile hundreds of samples against dozens of antigens in a single day, and therefore offers an attractive alternative to the traditional ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomia Levy
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Marwa Abd Alhadi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Asaf Azulay
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Amit Kahana
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nir Bujanover
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Roi Gazit
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Maureen A McGargill
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lilach M Friedman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tomer Hertz
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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31
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Yu X, Orr CM, Chan HTC, James S, Penfold CA, Kim J, Inzhelevskaya T, Mockridge CI, Cox KL, Essex JW, Tews I, Glennie MJ, Cragg MS. Reducing affinity as a strategy to boost immunomodulatory antibody agonism. Nature 2023; 614:539-547. [PMID: 36725933 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody responses during infection and vaccination typically undergo affinity maturation to achieve high-affinity binding for efficient neutralization of pathogens1,2. Similarly, high affinity is routinely the goal for therapeutic antibody generation. However, in contrast to naturally occurring or direct-targeting therapeutic antibodies, immunomodulatory antibodies, which are designed to modulate receptor signalling, have not been widely examined for their affinity-function relationship. Here we examine three separate immunologically important receptors spanning two receptor superfamilies: CD40, 4-1BB and PD-1. We show that low rather than high affinity delivers greater activity through increased clustering. This approach delivered higher immune cell activation, in vivo T cell expansion and antitumour activity in the case of CD40. Moreover, an inert anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody was transformed into an agonist. Low-affinity variants of the clinically important antagonistic anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab also mediated more potent signalling and affected T cell activation. These findings reveal a new paradigm for augmenting agonism across diverse receptor families and shed light on the mechanism of antibody-mediated receptor signalling. Such affinity engineering offers a rational, efficient and highly tuneable solution to deliver antibody-mediated receptor activity across a range of potencies suitable for translation to the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yu
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Christian M Orr
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - H T Claude Chan
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Sonya James
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Christine A Penfold
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Jinny Kim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Tatyana Inzhelevskaya
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - C Ian Mockridge
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Kerry L Cox
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan W Essex
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ivo Tews
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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32
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Pirkalkhoran S, Grabowska WR, Kashkoli HH, Mirhassani R, Guiliano D, Dolphin C, Khalili H. Bioengineering of Antibody Fragments: Challenges and Opportunities. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020122. [PMID: 36829616 PMCID: PMC9952581 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody fragments are used in the clinic as important therapeutic proteins for treatment of indications where better tissue penetration and less immunogenic molecules are needed. Several expression platforms have been employed for the production of these recombinant proteins, from which E. coli and CHO cell-based systems have emerged as the most promising hosts for higher expression. Because antibody fragments such as Fabs and scFvs are smaller than traditional antibody structures and do not require specific patterns of glycosylation decoration for therapeutic efficacy, it is possible to express them in systems with reduced post-translational modification capacity and high expression yield, for example, in plant and insect cell-based systems. In this review, we describe different bioengineering technologies along with their opportunities and difficulties to manufacture antibody fragments with consideration of stability, efficacy and safety for humans. There is still potential for a new production technology with a view of being simple, fast and cost-effective while maintaining the stability and efficacy of biotherapeutic fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Pirkalkhoran
- School of Biomedical Science, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
| | | | | | | | - David Guiliano
- School of Life Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Colin Dolphin
- School of Biomedical Science, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
| | - Hanieh Khalili
- School of Biomedical Science, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Correspondence:
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33
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Giang KA, Sidhu SS, Nilvebrant J. Construction of Synthetic Antibody Phage Display Libraries. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2702:59-75. [PMID: 37679615 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3381-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic antibody libraries provide a vast resource of renewable antibody reagents that can rival natural antibodies and be rapidly isolated through controlled in vitro selections. Use of highly optimized human frameworks enables the incorporation of defined diversity at positions that are most likely to contribute to antigen recognition. This protocol describes the construction of synthetic antibody libraries based on a single engineered human autonomous variable heavy domain scaffold with diversity in all three complementarity-determining regions. The resulting libraries can be used to generate recombinant domain antibodies targeting a wide range of protein antigens using phage display. Furthermore, analogous methods can be used to construct antibody libraries based on larger antibody fragments or second-generation libraries aimed to fine-tune antibody characteristics including affinity, specificity, and manufacturability. The procedures rely on standard reagents and equipment available in most molecular biology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Anh Giang
- Division of Protein Engineering, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | - Johan Nilvebrant
- Division of Protein Engineering, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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34
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Lourenço AL, Chuo SW, Bohn MF, Hann B, Khan S, Yevalekar N, Patel N, Yang T, Xu L, Lv D, Drakas R, Lively S, Craik CS. High-throughput optofluidic screening of single B cells identifies novel cross-reactive antibodies as inhibitors of uPAR with antibody-dependent effector functions. MAbs 2023; 15:2184197. [PMID: 36859773 PMCID: PMC9988344 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2184197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is an essential regulator for cell signaling in tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, and metastasis. The ubiquitous nature of uPAR in many aggressive cancer types makes uPAR an attractive target for immunotherapy. Here, we present a rapid and successful workflow for developing cross-reactive anti-uPAR recombinant antibodies (rAbs) using high-throughput optofluidic screening of single B-cells from human uPAR-immunized mice. A total of 80 human and cynomolgus uPAR cross-reactive plasma cells were identified, and selected mouse VH/VL domains were linked to the trastuzumab (Herceptin®) constant domains for the expression of mouse-human chimeric antibodies. The resulting rAbs were characterized by their tumor-cell recognition, binding activity, and cell adhesion inhibition on triple-negative breast cancer cells. In addition, the rAbs were shown to enact antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the presence of either human natural killer cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and were evaluated for the potential use of uPAR-targeting antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Three lead antibodies (11857, 8163, and 3159) were evaluated for their therapeutic efficacy in vivo and were shown to suppress tumor growth. Finally, the binding epitopes of the lead antibodies were characterized, providing information on their unique binding modes to uPAR. Altogether, the strategy identified unique cross-reactive antibodies with ADCC, ADC, and functional inhibitory effects by targeting cell-surface uPAR, that can be tested in safety studies and serve as potential immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Lourenço
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shih-Wei Chuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Markus F Bohn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Byron Hann
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shireen Khan
- ChemPartner, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Nitin Patel
- ChemPartner, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Teddy Yang
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Lv
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert Drakas
- ShangPharma Innovation Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah Lively
- ChemPartner, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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35
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Li L, Wen Y, Wrapp D, Jeong J, Zhao P, Xiong W, Atkins CL, Shan Z, Hui D, McLellan JS, Zhang N, Ju C, An Z. A novel humanized Chi3l1 blocking antibody attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Antib Ther 2022; 6:1-12. [PMID: 36683763 PMCID: PMC9847341 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a leading cause of acute liver injury in the USA. The chitinase 3-like-1 (Chi3l1) protein contributes to APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) by promoting hepatic platelet recruitment. Here, we report the development of a Chi3l1-targeting antibody as a potential therapy for AILI. By immunizing a rabbit successively with the human and mouse Chi3l1 proteins, we isolated cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from single memory B cells. One of the human and mouse Chi3l1 cross-reactive mAbs was humanized and characterized in both in vitro and in vivo biophysical and biological assays. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the lead antibody C59 in complex with the human Chi3l1 protein revealed that the kappa light contributes to majority of the antibody-antigen interaction; and that C59 binds to the 4α-5β loop and 4α-helix of Chi3l1, which is a functional epitope and hotspot for the development of Chi3l1 blocking antibodies. We humanized the C59 antibody by complementarity-determining region grafting and kappa chain framework region reverse mutations. The humanized C59 antibody exhibited similar efficacy as the parental rabbit antibody C59 in attenuating AILI in vivo. Our findings validate Chi3l1 as a potential drug target for AILI and provide proof of concept of developing Chi3l1 blocking antibody as a therapy for the treatment of AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leike Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yankai Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jongmin Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Constance Lynn Atkins
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhao Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Deng Hui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Ningyan Zhang, Cynthia Ju, Zhiqiang An. , ,
| | - Cynthia Ju
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Ningyan Zhang, Cynthia Ju, Zhiqiang An. , ,
| | - Zhiqiang An
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Ningyan Zhang, Cynthia Ju, Zhiqiang An. , ,
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36
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Hsu FF, Liang KH, Kumari M, Chen WY, Lin HT, Cheng CM, Tao MH, Wu HC. An efficient approach for SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody production via modified mRNA-LNP immunization. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122256. [PMID: 36198358 PMCID: PMC9526872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, many prophylactic and therapeutic drugs have been evaluated and introduced. Among these treatments, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus have been applied as complementary and alternative treatments to vaccines. Although different methodologies have been utilized to produce mAbs, traditional hybridoma fusion technology is still commonly used for this purpose due to its unmatched performance record. In this study, we coupled the hybridoma fusion strategy with mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) immunization. This time-saving approach can circumvent biological and technical hurdles, such as difficult-to-express membrane proteins, antigen instability, and the lack of posttranslational modifications on recombinant antigens. We used mRNA-LNP immunization and hybridoma fusion technology to generate mAbs against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. Compared with traditional protein-based immunization approaches, inoculation of mice with RBD mRNA-LNP induced higher titers of serum antibodies and markedly increased serum neutralizing activity. The mAbs we obtained can bind to SARS-CoV-2 RBDs from several variants. Notably, RBD-mAb-3 displayed particularly high binding affinities and neutralizing potencies against both Alpha and Delta variants. In addition to introducing specific mAbs against SARS-CoV-2, our data generally demonstrate that mRNA-LNP immunization may be useful to quickly generate highly functional mAbs against emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Fei Hsu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hao Liang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Monika Kumari
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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37
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Xu Z, Ismanto HS, Zhou H, Saputri DS, Sugihara F, Standley DM. Advances in antibody discovery from human BCR repertoires. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:1044975. [PMID: 36338807 PMCID: PMC9631452 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.1044975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies make up an important and growing class of compounds used for the diagnosis or treatment of disease. While traditional antibody discovery utilized immunization of animals to generate lead compounds, technological innovations have made it possible to search for antibodies targeting a given antigen within the repertoires of B cells in humans. Here we group these innovations into four broad categories: cell sorting allows the collection of cells enriched in specificity to one or more antigens; BCR sequencing can be performed on bulk mRNA, genomic DNA or on paired (heavy-light) mRNA; BCR repertoire analysis generally involves clustering BCRs into specificity groups or more in-depth modeling of antibody-antigen interactions, such as antibody-specific epitope predictions; validation of antibody-antigen interactions requires expression of antibodies, followed by antigen binding assays or epitope mapping. Together with innovations in Deep learning these technologies will contribute to the future discovery of diagnostic and therapeutic antibodies directly from humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichang Xu
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hendra S. Ismanto
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Dianita S. Saputri
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Core Instrumentation Facility, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Daron M. Standley
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department Systems Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daron M. Standley,
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38
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Burchett JR, Dailey JM, Kee SA, Pryor DT, Kotha A, Kankaria RA, Straus DB, Ryan JJ. Targeting Mast Cells in Allergic Disease: Current Therapies and Drug Repurposing. Cells 2022; 11:3031. [PMID: 36230993 PMCID: PMC9564111 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of allergic disease has grown tremendously in the past three generations. While current treatments are effective for some, there is considerable unmet need. Mast cells are critical effectors of allergic inflammation. Their secreted mediators and the receptors for these mediators have long been the target of allergy therapy. Recent drugs have moved a step earlier in mast cell activation, blocking IgE, IL-4, and IL-13 interactions with their receptors. In this review, we summarize the latest therapies targeting mast cells as well as new drugs in clinical trials. In addition, we offer support for repurposing FDA-approved drugs to target mast cells in new ways. With a multitude of highly selective drugs available for cancer, autoimmunity, and metabolic disorders, drug repurposing offers optimism for the future of allergy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John J. Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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39
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Temme JS, Crainic JA, Walker LM, Yang W, Tan Z, Huang X, Gildersleeve JC. Microarray-guided evaluation of the frequency, B cell origins, and selectivity of human glycan-binding antibodies reveals new insights and novel antibodies. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102468. [PMID: 36087840 PMCID: PMC9576894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system produces a diverse collection of antiglycan antibodies that are critical for host defense. At present, however, we know very little about the binding properties, origins, and sequences of these antibodies because of a lack of access to a variety of defined individual antibodies. To address this challenge, we used a glycan microarray with over 800 different components to screen a panel of 516 human monoclonal antibodies that had been randomly cloned from different B-cell subsets originating from healthy human subjects. We obtained 26 antiglycan antibodies, most of which bound microbial carbohydrates. The majority of the antiglycan antibodies identified in the screen displayed selective binding for specific glycan motifs on our array and lacked polyreactivity. We found that antiglycan antibodies were about twice as likely than expected to originate from IgG+ memory B cells, whereas none were isolated from naïve, early emigrant, or immature B cells. Therefore, our results indicate that certain B-cell subsets in our panel are enriched in antiglycan antibodies, and IgG+ memory B cells may be a promising source of such antibodies. Furthermore, some of the newly identified antibodies bound glycans for which there are no reported monoclonal antibodies available, and these may be useful as research tools, diagnostics, or therapeutic agents. Overall, the results provide insight into the types and properties of antiglycan antibodies produced by the human immune system and a framework for the identification of novel antiglycan antibodies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastian Temme
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Jennifer A Crainic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Laura M Walker
- Adimab LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA; Adagio Therapeutics, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Weizhun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Zibin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702.
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40
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Monoclonal Antibodies for Bacterial Pathogens: Mechanisms of Action and Engineering Approaches for Enhanced Effector Functions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092126. [PMID: 36140226 PMCID: PMC9496014 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has opened a new era in the pharmaceutical field, finding application in various areas of research, from cancer to infectious diseases. The IgG isoform is the most used therapeutic, given its long half-life, high serum abundance, and most importantly, the presence of the Fc domain, which can be easily engineered. In the infectious diseases field, there has been a rising interest in mAbs research to counteract the emerging crisis of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Various pathogens are acquiring resistance mechanisms, inhibiting any chance of success of antibiotics, and thus may become critically untreatable in the near future. Therefore, mAbs represent a new treatment option which may complement or even replace antibiotics. However, very few antibacterial mAbs have succeeded clinical trials, and until now, only three mAbs have been approved by the FDA. These failures highlight the need of improving the efficacy of mAb therapeutic activity, which can also be achieved with Fc engineering. In the first part of this review, we will describe the mechanisms of action of mAbs against bacteria, while in the second part, we will discuss the recent advances in antibody engineering to increase efficacy of pre-existing anti-bacterial mAbs.
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Lin J, Wu S, Muyldermans S, Wang S. Versatile Application of Nanobodies for Food Allergen Detection and Allergy Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8901-8912. [PMID: 35820160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The unique characteristics of camelid heavy-chain only antibody (HCAb) derived nanobodies (Nbs) have facilitated their employment as tools for research and application in extensive fields including food safety inspection, diagnosis and therapy of diseases, etc., to develop immune detecting techniques or alternative candidates of conventional antibodies as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. The wide application in the fields of food allergen inspection and immunotherapy has not been addressed as not much results published in the literature. The robust properties and straightforward selecting strategy of Nbs impel the advantageous employment compared with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to establish immunoassay and serve as blocking antibodies to compete immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding epitopes on food allergens. More and more efforts have been invested to develop specific Nbs against food allergen proteins, such as macadamia allergen of Mac i 1, peanut allergen of Ara h 3, and lupine allergen of Lup an 1, which demonstrated the potential of Nbs for research and application in food allergen surveillance. Meanwhile, the paratopes of Nbs preferably targeting the unique epitopes of food allergens can provide more possibilities to serve as blocking antibodies to shield IgE binding epitopes for food allergy immunotherapy. Regardless, the research and application of Nbs in the field of food allergen and allergic reactions are expected to attract dramatic focus and produce promising research outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhong Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sihao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Levy S, Abd Alhadi M, Azulay A, Kahana A, Bujanover N, Gazit R, Mcgargill MA, Friedman LM, Hertz T. ELISA–on-Chip: High throughput antibody profiling using antigen microarrays.. [DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.05.22277251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractVaccination and natural infection both elicit potent humoral responses that provide protection from subsequent infections. The immune-history of an individual following such exposures is in part encoded by antibodies. While there are multiple immunoassays for measuring antibody responses, the majority of these methods measure responses to a single antigen. A commonly used method for measuring antibody responses is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay - a semi-quantitative assay that is simple to perform in research and clinical settings. Here we present the ELISA-on-Chip assay - a novel antigen microarray based assay for rapid high-throughput antibody profiling. The assay can be used for profiling IgG, IgA and IgM responses to multiple antigens simultaneously, requiring minimal amounts of sample and antigens. Using three different types of influenza antigen microarrays, we demonstrated the specificity and sensitivity of our novel assay and compared it to the traditional ELISA assay, using samples from mice, chickens and humans. We also showed that our assay can be readily used with dried blood spots, which can be collected from wild birds, as well as from newborns and children. The ELISA-on-Chip assay can be readily used to profile hundreds of samples against dozens of antigens in a single day, and therefore offers an attractive alternative to the traditional ELISA assay.
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Antibodies to combat viral infections: development strategies and progress. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:676-696. [PMID: 35725925 PMCID: PMC9207876 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are appealing as potential therapeutics and prophylactics for viral infections owing to characteristics such as their high specificity and their ability to enhance immune responses. Furthermore, antibody engineering can be used to strengthen effector function and prolong mAb half-life, and advances in structural biology have enabled the selection and optimization of potent neutralizing mAbs through identification of vulnerable regions in viral proteins, which can also be relevant for vaccine design. The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated extensive efforts to develop neutralizing mAbs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with several mAbs now having received authorization for emergency use, providing not just an important component of strategies to combat COVID-19 but also a boost to efforts to harness mAbs in therapeutic and preventive settings for other infectious diseases. Here, we describe advances in antibody discovery and engineering that have led to the development of mAbs for use against infections caused by viruses including SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Ebola virus (EBOV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and influenza. We also discuss the rationale for moving from empirical to structure-guided strategies in vaccine development, based on identifying optimal candidate antigens and vulnerable regions within them that can be targeted by antibodies to result in a strong protective immune response. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are appealing as potential therapeutics and prophylactics for viral infections. This Review describes advances in antibody discovery and engineering that have led to the development of mAbs that target viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respiratory syncytial virus and Ebola virus, and also considers the implications for vaccine development.
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Zambrano N, Froechlich G, Lazarevic D, Passariello M, Nicosia A, De Lorenzo C, Morelli MJ, Sasso E. High-Throughput Monoclonal Antibody Discovery from Phage Libraries: Challenging the Current Preclinical Pipeline to Keep the Pace with the Increasing mAb Demand. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051325. [PMID: 35267633 PMCID: PMC8909429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used for a broad range of diseases. Rising demand must face with time time-consuming and laborious processes to isolate novel monoclonal antibodies. Next-generation sequencing coupled to phage display provides timely and sustainable high throughput selection strategy to rapidly access novel target. Here, we describe the current NGS-guided strategies to identify potential binders from enriched sub-libraires by applying a user-friendly informatic pipeline to identify and discard false positive clones. Rescue step and strategies to boost mAb yield are also discussed to improve the limiting selection and screening steps. Abstract Monoclonal antibodies are among the most powerful therapeutics in modern medicine. Since the approval of the first therapeutic antibody in 1986, monoclonal antibodies keep holding great expectations for application in a range of clinical indications, highlighting the need to provide timely and sustainable access to powerful screening options. However, their application in the past has been limited by time-consuming and expensive steps of discovery and production. The screening of antibody repertoires is a laborious step; however, the implementation of next-generation sequencing-guided screening of single-chain antibody fragments has now largely overcome this issue. This review provides a detailed overview of the current strategies for the identification of monoclonal antibodies from phage display-based libraries. We also discuss the challenges and the possible solutions to improve the limiting selection and screening steps, in order to keep pace with the increasing demand for monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zambrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Guendalina Froechlich
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Omics Sciences Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Margherita Passariello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia De Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco J. Morelli
- Center for Omics Sciences Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (E.S.)
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Immune- and Non-Immune-Mediated Adverse Effects of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy: A Survey of 110 Approved Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11010017. [PMID: 35323191 PMCID: PMC8944650 DOI: 10.3390/antib11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of new disease-associated biomarkers; specific targeting of such markers by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs); and application of advances in recombinant technology, including the production of humanized and fully human antibodies, has enabled many improved treatment outcomes and successful new biological treatments of some diseases previously neglected or with poor prognoses. Of the 110 mAbs preparations currently approved by the FDA and/or EMA, 46 (including 13 antibody–drug conjugates) recognizing 29 different targets are indicated for the treatment of cancers, and 66, recognizing 48 different targets, are indicated for non-cancer disorders. Despite their specific targeting with the expected accompanying reduced collateral damage for normal healthy non-involved cells, mAbs, may cause types I (anaphylaxis, urticaria), II (e.g., hemolytic anemia, possibly early-onset neutropenia), III (serum sickness, pneumonitis), and IV (Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis) hypersensitivities as well as other cutaneous, pulmonary, cardiac, and liver adverse events. MAbs can provoke severe infusion reactions that resemble anaphylaxis and induce a number of systemic, potentially life-threatening syndromes with low frequency. A common feature of most of these syndromes is the release of a cascade of cytokines associated with inflammatory and immunological processes. Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted antibodies may provoke papulopustular and mucocutaneous eruptions that are not immune-mediated.
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Ferrara F, D’Angelo S, Erasmus MF, Teixeira AA, Leal-Lopes C, Spector LP, Pohl T, Fanni A, Cocklin S, Bradbury ARM. Pandemic's silver lining. MAbs 2022; 14:2133666. [PMID: 36253351 PMCID: PMC9578449 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2133666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The intense international focus on the COVID-19 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to use a wide array of novel tools to carry out scientific studies on the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The value of these comparative studies extends far beyond their consequences for SARS-CoV-2, providing broad implications for health-related science. Here we specifically discuss the impacts of these comparisons on advances in vaccines, the analysis of host humoral immunity, and antibody discovery. As an extension, we also discuss potential synergies between these areas.Abbreviations: CoVIC: The Coronavirus Immunotherapeutic Consortium; EUA: Emergency Use Authorization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara D’Angelo
- Specifica Inc., A Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tom Pohl
- Specifica Inc., A Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Adeline Fanni
- Specifica Inc., A Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Simon Cocklin
- Specifica Inc., A Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Andrew R. M. Bradbury
- Specifica Inc., A Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, NM, USA,CONTACT Andrew R. M. Bradbury Specifica Inc, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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