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JAC1 targets YY1 mediated JWA/p38 MAPK signaling to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in TNBC. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:169. [PMID: 35383155 PMCID: PMC8983694 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer with poor prognosis, and has no ideal therapeutic target and ideal medicine. Downregulation of JWA is closely related to the poor overall survival in many cancers including TNBC. In this study, we reported at the first time that JWA gene activating compound 1 (JAC1) inhibited the proliferation of TNBC in vitro and in vivo experimental models. JAC1 specifically bound to YY1 and eliminated its transcriptional inhibition of JWA gene. The rescued JWA induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in TNBC cells through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. JAC1 also promoted ubiquitination and degradation of YY1. In addition, JAC1 disrupted the interaction between YY1 and HSF1, and suppressed the oncogenic role of HSF1 in TNBC through p-Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, JAC1 suppressed the proliferation of TNBC through the JWA/P38 MAPK signaling and YY1/HSF1/p-Akt signaling. JAC1 maybe a potential therapeutic agent for TNBC.
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2
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Bongiovanni C, Sacchi F, Da Pra S, Pantano E, Miano C, Morelli MB, D'Uva G. Reawakening the Intrinsic Cardiac Regenerative Potential: Molecular Strategies to Boost Dedifferentiation and Proliferation of Endogenous Cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:750604. [PMID: 34692797 PMCID: PMC8531484 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.750604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts carried out to develop stem/progenitor cell-based technologies aiming at replacing and restoring the cardiac tissue following severe damages, thus far no strategies based on adult stem cell transplantation have been demonstrated to efficiently generate new cardiac muscle cells. Intriguingly, dedifferentiation, and proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes and not stem cell differentiation represent the preponderant cellular mechanism by which lower vertebrates spontaneously regenerate the injured heart. Mammals can also regenerate their heart up to the early neonatal period, even in this case by activating the proliferation of endogenous cardiomyocytes. However, the mammalian cardiac regenerative potential is dramatically reduced soon after birth, when most cardiomyocytes exit from the cell cycle, undergo further maturation, and continue to grow in size. Although a slow rate of cardiomyocyte turnover has also been documented in adult mammals, both in mice and humans, this is not enough to sustain a robust regenerative process. Nevertheless, these remarkable findings opened the door to a branch of novel regenerative approaches aiming at reactivating the endogenous cardiac regenerative potential by triggering a partial dedifferentiation process and cell cycle re-entry in endogenous cardiomyocytes. Several adaptations from intrauterine to extrauterine life starting at birth and continuing in the immediate neonatal period concur to the loss of the mammalian cardiac regenerative ability. A wide range of systemic and microenvironmental factors or cell-intrinsic molecular players proved to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and their manipulation has been explored as a therapeutic strategy to boost cardiac function after injuries. We here review the scientific knowledge gained thus far in this novel and flourishing field of research, elucidating the key biological and molecular mechanisms whose modulation may represent a viable approach for regenerating the human damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bongiovanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacchi
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Da Pra
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elvira Pantano
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Miano
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bruno Morelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
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3
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Ruiz M, Khairallah M, Dingar D, Vaniotis G, Khairallah RJ, Lauzier B, Thibault S, Trépanier J, Shi Y, Douillette A, Hussein B, Nawaito SA, Sahadevan P, Nguyen A, Sahmi F, Gillis MA, Sirois MG, Gaestel M, Stanley WC, Fiset C, Tardif JC, Allen BG. MK2-Deficient Mice Are Bradycardic and Display Delayed Hypertrophic Remodeling in Response to a Chronic Increase in Afterload. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e017791. [PMID: 33533257 PMCID: PMC7955338 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitogen‐activated protein kinase–activated protein kinase‐2 (MK2) is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38α/β. Herein, we examine the cardiac phenotype of pan MK2‐null (MK2−/−) mice. Methods and Results Survival curves for male MK2+/+ and MK2−/− mice did not differ (Mantel‐Cox test, P=0.580). At 12 weeks of age, MK2−/− mice exhibited normal systolic function along with signs of possible early diastolic dysfunction; however, aging was not associated with an abnormal reduction in diastolic function. Both R‐R interval and P‐R segment durations were prolonged in MK2‐deficient mice. However, heart rates normalized when isolated hearts were perfused ex vivo in working mode. Ca2+ transients evoked by field stimulation or caffeine were similar in ventricular myocytes from MK2+/+ and MK2−/− mice. MK2−/− mice had lower body temperature and an age‐dependent reduction in body weight. mRNA levels of key metabolic genes, including Ppargc1a, Acadm, Lipe, and Ucp3, were increased in hearts from MK2−/− mice. For equivalent respiration rates, mitochondria from MK2−/− hearts showed a significant decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Eight weeks of pressure overload increased left ventricular mass in MK2+/+ and MK2−/− mice; however, after 2 weeks the increase was significant in MK2+/+ but not MK2−/− mice. Finally, the pressure overload–induced decrease in systolic function was attenuated in MK2−/− mice 2 weeks, but not 8 weeks, after constriction of the transverse aorta. Conclusions Collectively, these results implicate MK2 in (1) autonomic regulation of heart rate, (2) cardiac mitochondrial function, and (3) the early stages of myocardial remodeling in response to chronic pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Ruiz
- Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Maya Khairallah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Dharmendra Dingar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - George Vaniotis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Simon Thibault
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Joëlle Trépanier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Sherin Ali Nawaito
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada.,Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Pramod Sahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Albert Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Martin G Sirois
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell BiochemistryHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | | | - Céline Fiset
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
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4
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Zheng Z, Nakamura K, Gershbaum S, Wang X, Thomas S, Bessler M, Schrope B, Krikhely A, Liu RM, Ozcan L, López JA, Tabas I. Interacting hepatic PAI-1/tPA gene regulatory pathways influence impaired fibrinolysis severity in obesity. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4348-4359. [PMID: 32657780 PMCID: PMC7410057 DOI: 10.1172/jci135919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinolysis is initiated by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and inhibited by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). In obese humans, plasma PAI-1 and tPA proteins are increased, but PAI-1 dominates, leading to reduced fibrinolysis and thrombosis. To understand tPA–PAI-1 regulation in obesity, we focused on hepatocytes, a functionally important source of tPA and PAI-1 that sense obesity-induced metabolic stress. We showed that obese mice, like humans, had reduced fibrinolysis and increased plasma PAI-1 and tPA, due largely to their increased hepatocyte expression. A decrease in the PAI-1 (SERPINE1) gene corepressor Rev-Erbα increased PAI-1, which then increased the tPA gene PLAT via a PAI-1/LRP1/PKA/p-CREB1 pathway. This pathway was partially counterbalanced by increased DACH1, a PLAT-negative regulator. We focused on the PAI-1/PLAT pathway, which mitigates the reduction in fibrinolysis in obesity. Thus, silencing hepatocyte PAI-1, CREB1, or tPA in obese mice lowered plasma tPA and further impaired fibrinolysis. The PAI-1/PLAT pathway was present in primary human hepatocytes, and associations among PAI-1, tPA, and PLAT in livers from obese and lean humans were consistent with these findings. Knowledge of PAI-1 and tPA regulation in hepatocytes in obesity may suggest therapeutic strategies for improving fibrinolysis and lowering the risk of thrombosis in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keiko Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate School of Medicine and.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shana Gershbaum
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience and Behavior Department, Barnard College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sherry Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marc Bessler
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Beth Schrope
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Abraham Krikhely
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lale Ozcan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - José A López
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Physiology and.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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5
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Hsiao YW, Tsai YN, Huang YT, Liu SH, Lin YJ, Lo LW, Hu YF, Chung FP, Lin SF, Chang SL, Higa S, Chen SA. Rhodiola crenulata reduces ventricular arrhythmia through mitigating the activation of IL-17 and inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:889-900. [PMID: 32946036 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) is related to inflammatory activity. Rhodiola crenulate (RC) and its main active component, salidroside, have been reported as anti-inflammatory agents. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of RC and salidroside in preventing VA via the inhibition of IL-17 in an ischemic heart failure (HF) model. METHODS Rabbit HF models were established by coronary artery ligation for 4 weeks. These rabbits were treated with RC (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) and salidroside (9.5 mg/kg) once every 2 days for 4 weeks. WBC, serum biochemistry, ECG, and the expression of CD4+ T cells were measured every 2 weeks. The mRNA and protein expressions of IL-17 were measured by real time-PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting after RC and salidroside treatment for 4 weeks. Open-chest epicardial catheter stimulation was performed for VA provocation. RESULTS After RC and salidroside treatment in HF left ventricle, (1) the levels of WBC and CD4+ T cells decreased, (2) the expression of IL-17 and its downstream target genes, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and CCL20, reduced, (3) the level of NLRP3 inflammasome was decreased, (4) fibrosis and collagen production were significantly downregulated, (5) p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were attenuated, (6) the inducibility of VA was decreased, and (7) the levels of Kir2.1, Nav1.5, NCX, PLB, SERCA2a and RyR were up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS RC inhibited the expression of IL-17 and its downstream target genes that were mediated by activation of several MAPKs, which decreased the levels of fibrosis and apoptosis and suppressed VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Hsiao
- Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec- 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Nan Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec- 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Hsin Liu
- Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yenn-Jiang Lin
- Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec- 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lo
- Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec- 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Hu
- Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec- 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Po Chung
- Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec- 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lin Chang
- Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec- 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Satoshi Higa
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Makiminato Central Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec- 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Lycorine Induces Apoptosis and G1 Phase Arrest Through ROS/p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2020; 45:E126-E139. [PMID: 31464976 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Xenograft osteosarcoma mouse model. OBJECTIVE We determined the effect of lycorine on osteosarcoma. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignant neoplasm, is most prevalent in teenagers and adults and current treatment approaches have reached a survival plateau and attempts to improve osteosarcoma prognosis have proven unsuccessful. Thus there is clear evidence that development of new agents with high efficacy and fewer side effects to provide better prognostic outcome is urgently needed. METHODS The toxicity, function and mechanism of lycorine (LY) on osteosarcoma were accessed in vitro by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting and in vivo by the xenograft osteosarcoma mouse model. RESULTS In this study, we found that LY exhibited dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effects on human osteosarcoma cell-lines SJSA-1 and U2OS, inducing G1 phase cell cycle arrest and cellular death via apoptosis. Mechanistically, LY treatment elevated ROS generation that activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and p53-dependent apoptotic program. Inhibition of ROS generation by NAC or p38 MAPK signaling by SB203580 attenuated the p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by LY. In vivo administration of LY markedly reduced tumor growth with little organ-related toxicity in a mouse xenograft model of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data suggests that LY exhibit therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteosarcoma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Dumont AA, Dumont L, Berthiaume J, Auger-Messier M. p38α MAPK proximity assay reveals a regulatory mechanism of alternative splicing in cardiomyocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118557. [PMID: 31505169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is essential for normal heart function. However, p38 also contributes to heart failure pathogenesis by affecting cardiomyocytes contractility and survival. To unravel part of the complex role of p38 in cardiac function, we performed an APEX2-based proximity assay in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and identified the protein interaction networks (interactomes) of two highly expressed p38 isoforms in the heart. We found that p38α and p38γ have distinct interactomes in cardiomyocytes under both basal and osmotic stress-activated states. Interestingly, the activated p38α interactome contains many RNA-binding proteins implicated in splicing, including the serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3). Its interaction with the activated p38α was validated by co-immunoprecipitation. The cytoplasmic abundance and alternative splicing function of SRSF3 are also both modulated by the p38 signaling pathway. Our findings reveal a new function for p38 as a specific regulator of SRSF3 in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey-Ann Dumont
- Département de Médecine, Service de Cardiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lauralyne Dumont
- Département de Médecine, Service de Cardiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Berthiaume
- Département de Médecine, Service de Cardiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Département de Médecine, Service de Cardiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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8
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Chang SL, Hsiao YW, Tsai YN, Lin SF, Liu SH, Lin YJ, Lo LW, Chung FP, Chao TF, Hu YF, Tuan TC, Liao JN, Hsieh YC, Wu TJ, Higa S, Chen SA. Interleukin-17 enhances cardiac ventricular remodeling via activating MAPK pathway in ischemic heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 122:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Bassi R, Burgoyne JR, DeNicola GF, Rudyk O, DeSantis V, Charles RL, Eaton P, Marber MS. Redox-dependent dimerization of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16161-16173. [PMID: 28739872 PMCID: PMC5625047 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.785410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinase p38α MAPK (p38α) plays a pivotal role in many biological processes. p38α is activated by canonical upstream kinases that phosphorylate the activation region. The purpose of our study was to determine whether such activation may depend on redox-sensing cysteines within p38α. p38α was activated and formed a disulfide-bound heterodimer with MAP2K3 (MKK3) in rat cardiomyocytes and isolated hearts exposed to H2O2. This disulfide heterodimer was sensitive to reduction by mercaptoethanol and was enhanced by the thioredoxin-reductase inhibitor auranofin. We predicted that Cys-119 or Cys-162 of p38α, close to the known MKK3 docking domain, were relevant for these redox characteristics. The C119S mutation decreased whereas the C162S mutation increased the dimer formation, suggesting that these two Cys residues act as vicinal thiols, consistent with C119S/C162S being incapable of sensing H2O2. Similarly, disulfide heterodimer formation was abolished in H9C2 cells expressing both MKK3 and p38α C119S/C162S and subjected to simulated ischemia and reperfusion. However, the p38α C119S/C162S mutants did not exhibit appreciable alteration in activating dual phosphorylation. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory agent 10-nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), a component of the Mediterranean diet, reduced p38α activation and covalently modified Cys-119/Cys-162, probably obstructing MKK3 access. Moreover, NO2-OA reduced the dephosphorylation of p38α by hematopoietic tyrosine phosphatase (HePTP). Furthermore, steric obstruction of Cys-119/Cys-162 by NO2-OA pretreatment in Langendorff-perfused murine hearts prevented the p38-MKK3 disulfide dimer formation and attenuated H2O2-induced contractile dysfunction. Our findings suggest that cysteine residues within p38α act as redox sensors that can dynamically regulate the association between p38 and MKK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Bassi
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph R Burgoyne
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Gian F DeNicola
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Olena Rudyk
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Vittorio DeSantis
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Charles
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Eaton
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Marber
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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10
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Bonsu KO, Owusu IK, Buabeng KO, Reidpath DD, Kadirvelu A. Review of novel therapeutic targets for improving heart failure treatment based on experimental and clinical studies. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:887-906. [PMID: 27350750 PMCID: PMC4902145 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s106065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health priority due to its epidemiological transition and the world's aging population. HF is typified by continuous loss of contractile function with reduced, normal, or preserved ejection fraction, elevated vascular resistance, fluid and autonomic imbalance, and ventricular dilatation. Despite considerable advances in the treatment of HF over the past few decades, mortality remains substantial. Pharmacological treatments including β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone antagonists have been proven to prolong the survival of patients with HF. However, there are still instances where patients remain symptomatic, despite optimal use of existing therapeutic agents. This understanding that patients with chronic HF progress into advanced stages despite receiving optimal treatment has increased the quest for alternatives, exploring the roles of additional pathways that contribute to the development and progression of HF. Several pharmacological targets associated with pathogenesis of HF have been identified and novel therapies have emerged. In this work, we review recent evidence from proposed mechanisms to the outcomes of experimental and clinical studies of the novel pharmacological agents that have emerged for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Osei Bonsu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Accident and Emergency Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kofi Owusu
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwame Ohene Buabeng
- Department of Clinical and Social Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Diamond Reidpath
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amudha Kadirvelu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Dubash AD, Kam CY, Aguado BA, Patel DM, Delmar M, Shea LD, Green KJ. Plakophilin-2 loss promotes TGF-β1/p38 MAPK-dependent fibrotic gene expression in cardiomyocytes. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:425-38. [PMID: 26858265 PMCID: PMC4754716 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201507018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the desmosome protein family are integral components of the cardiac area composita, a mixed junctional complex responsible for electromechanical coupling between cardiomyocytes. In this study, we provide evidence that loss of the desmosomal armadillo protein Plakophilin-2 (PKP2) in cardiomyocytes elevates transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which together coordinate a transcriptional program that results in increased expression of profibrotic genes. Importantly, we demonstrate that expression of Desmoplakin (DP) is lost upon PKP2 knockdown and that restoration of DP expression rescues the activation of this TGF-β1/p38 MAPK transcriptional cascade. Tissues from PKP2 heterozygous and DP conditional knockout mouse models also exhibit elevated TGF-β1/p38 MAPK signaling and induction of fibrotic gene expression in vivo. These data therefore identify PKP2 and DP as central players in coordination of desmosome-dependent TGF-β1/p38 MAPK signaling in cardiomyocytes, pathways known to play a role in different types of cardiac disease, such as arrhythmogenic or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi D Dubash
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville SC 29613
| | - Chen Y Kam
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Brian A Aguado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL 60208 Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611
| | - Dipal M Patel
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Mario Delmar
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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12
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Du J, Zhang L, Wang Z, Yano N, Zhao YT, Wei L, Dubielecka-Szczerba P, Liu PY, Zhuang S, Qin G, Zhao TC. Exendin-4 induces myocardial protection through MKK3 and Akt-1 in infarcted hearts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C270-83. [PMID: 26739490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00194.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) protects the heart against ischemic injury. However, the physiological mechanism by which GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) initiates cardioprotection remains to be determined. The objective of this study is to elucidate the functional roles of MAPK kinase 3 (MKK3) and Akt-1 in mediating exendin-4-elicited protection in the infarcted hearts. Adult mouse myocardial infarction (MI) was created by ligation of the left descending artery. Wild-type, MKK3(-/-), Akt-1(-/-), and Akt-1(-/-);MKK3(-/-) mice were divided into one of several groups: 1) sham: animals underwent thoracotomy without ligation; 2) MI: animals underwent MI and received a daily dose of intraperitoneal injection of vehicle (saline); 3) MI + exendin-4: infarcted mice received daily injections of exendin-4, a GLP-1R agonist (0.1 mg/kg, ip). Echocardiographic measurements indicate that exendin-4 treatment resulted in the preservation of ventricular function and increases in the survival rate, but these effects were diminished in MKK3(-/-), Akt-1(-/-), and Akt-1(-/-);MKK3(-/-) mice. Exendin-4 treatments suppressed cardiac hypotrophy and reduced scar size and cardiac interstitial fibrosis, respectively, but these beneficial effects were lost in genetic elimination of MKK3, Akt-1, or Akt-1(-/-);MKK3(-/-) mice. GLP-1R stimulation stimulated angiogenic responses, which were also mitigated by deletion of MKK3 and Akt-1. Exendin-4 treatment increased phosphorylation of MKK3, p38, and Akt-1 at Ser129 but decreased levels of active caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; these proteins were diminished in MKK3(-/-), Akt-1(-/-), and Akt-1(-/-);MKK3(-/-) mice. These results reveal that exendin-4 treatment improves cardiac function, attenuates cardiac remodeling, and promotes angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium through MKK3 and Akt-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Du
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Zhengke Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Yu Tina Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Paul Y Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston University, Providence, Rhode Island;
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13
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Kragholm K, Newby LK, Melloni C. Emerging treatment options to improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome: focus on losmapimod. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4279-86. [PMID: 26273189 PMCID: PMC4532348 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s69546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Each year, despite optimal use of recommended acute and secondary prevention therapies, 4%–5% of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) experience relapse of ACS or other cardiovascular events including stroke, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death after the index ACS. The sudden atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to an ACS event is often accompanied by inflammation, which is thought to be a key pathogenic pathway to these excess cardiovascular events. Losmapimod is a novel, oral p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor that targets MAPKs activated in macrophages, myocardium, and endothelial cells that occur as a part of global coronary vascular inflammation following plaque rupture. This review aims to 1) discuss the pathophysiological pathways through which p38 MAPKs may play key roles in initiation and progression of inflammatory disease and how losmapimod is thought to counteract these p38 MAPKs, and 2) to describe the efficacy and safety data for losmapimod obtained from preclinical studies and randomized controlled trials that support the hypothesis that it has promise as a treatment for patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Kragholm
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura Kristin Newby
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chiara Melloni
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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14
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Arabacilar P, Marber M. The case for inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in heart failure. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:102. [PMID: 26029107 PMCID: PMC4428223 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This minireview discusses the evidence that the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPKs) maybe of therapeutic value in heart failure. Most previous experimental studies, as well as past and ongoing clinical trials, have focussed on the role of p38 MAPKs in myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndromes. There is now growing evidence that these kinases are activated within the myocardium of the failing human heart and in the heart and blood vessels of animal models of heart failure. Furthermore, from a philosophical viewpoint the chronic activation of the adaptive stress pathways that lead to the activation of p38 MAPKs in heart failure is analogous to the chronic activation of the sympathetic, renin-aldosterone-angiotensin and neprilysin systems. These have provided some of the most effective therapies for heart failure. This minireview questions whether similar and synergistic advantages would follow the inhibition of p38 MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Arabacilar
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Cardiology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital London, UK
| | - Michael Marber
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Cardiology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital London, UK
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15
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Baker JO, Tyther R, Liebetrau C, Clark J, Howarth R, Patterson T, Möllmann H, Nef H, Sicard P, Kailey B, Devaraj R, Redwood SR, Kunst G, Weber E, Marber MS. Cardiac myosin-binding protein C: a potential early biomarker of myocardial injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:23. [PMID: 25837837 PMCID: PMC4383815 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac troponins are released and cleared slowly after myocardial injury, complicating the diagnosis of early, and recurrent, acute myocardial infarction. Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyC) is a similarly cardiac-restricted protein that may have different release/clearance kinetics. Using novel antibodies raised against the cardiac-specific N-terminus of cMyC, we used confocal microscopy, immunoblotting and immunoassay to document its location and release. In rodents, we demonstrate rapid release of cMyC using in vitro and in vivo models of acute myocardial infarction. In patients, with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI, n = 20), undergoing therapeutic ablation of septal hypertrophy (TASH, n = 20) or having coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG, n = 20), serum was collected prospectively and frequently. cMyC appears in the serum as full-length and fragmented protein. Compared to cTnT measured using a contemporary high-sensitivity commercial assay, cMyC peaks earlier (STEMI, 9.3 ± 3.1 vs 11.8 ± 3.4 h, P < 0.007; TASH, 9.7 ± 1.4 vs 21.6 ± 1.4 h, P < 0.0001), accumulates more rapidly (during first 4 h after TASH, 25.8 ± 1.9 vs 4.0 ± 0.4 ng/L/min, P < 0.0001) and disappears more rapidly (post-CABG, decay half-time 5.5 ± 0.8 vs 22 ± 5 h, P < 0.0001). Our results demonstrate that following defined myocardial injury, the rise and fall in the serum of cMyC is more rapid than that of cTnT. We speculate that these characteristics could enable earlier diagnosis of myocardial infarction and reinfarction in suspected non-STEMI, a population not included in this early translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Baker
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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16
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Martin ED, Bassi R, Marber MS. p38 MAPK in cardioprotection - are we there yet? Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2101-13. [PMID: 25204838 PMCID: PMC4386984 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PKs transfer a phosphate from ATP to the side-chain hydroxyl group of a serine, threonine or tyrosine residue of a substrate protein. This in turn can alter that protein's function; modulating fundamental cellular processes including, metabolism, transcription, growth, division, differentiation, motility and survival. PKs are subdivided into families based on homology. One such group are the stress-activated kinases, which as the name suggests, are activated in response to cellular stresses such as toxins, cytokines, mechanical deformation and osmotic stress. Members include the p38 MAPK family, which is composed of α, β, γ and δ, isoforms which are encoded by separate genes. These kinases transduce extracellular signals and coordinate the cellular responses needed for adaptation and survival. However, in cardiovascular and other disease states, these same systems can trigger maladaptive responses that aggravate, rather than alleviate, the disease. This situation is analogous to adrenergic, angiotensin and aldosterone signalling in heart failure, where inhibition is beneficial despite the importance of these hormones to homeostasis. The question is whether similar benefits could accrue from p38 inhibition? In this review, we will discuss the structure and function of p38, the history of p38 inhibitors and their use in preclinical studies. Finally, we will summarize the results of recent cardiovascular clinical trials with p38 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Martin
- King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' HospitalLondon, UK
| | - R Bassi
- King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' HospitalLondon, UK
| | - M S Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' HospitalLondon, UK
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17
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Javadov S, Jang S, Agostini B. Crosstalk between mitogen-activated protein kinases and mitochondria in cardiac diseases: therapeutic perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:202-25. [PMID: 24924700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases cause more mortality and morbidity worldwide than any other diseases. Although many intracellular signaling pathways influence cardiac physiology and pathology, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family has garnered significant attention because of its vast implications in signaling and crosstalk with other signaling networks. The extensively studied MAPKs ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and ERK5, demonstrate unique intracellular signaling mechanisms, responding to a myriad of mitogens and stressors and influencing the signaling of cardiac development, metabolism, performance, and pathogenesis. Definitive relationships between MAPK signaling and cardiac dysfunction remain elusive, despite 30 years of extensive clinical studies and basic research of various animal/cell models, severities of stress, and types of stimuli. Still, several studies have proven the importance of MAPK crosstalk with mitochondria, powerhouses of the cell that provide over 80% of ATP for normal cardiomyocyte function and play a crucial role in cell death. Although many questions remain unanswered, there exists enough evidence to consider the possibility of targeting MAPK-mitochondria interactions in the prevention and treatment of heart disease. The goal of this review is to integrate previous studies into a discussion of MAPKs and MAPK-mitochondria signaling in cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction (ischemia), hypertrophy and heart failure. A comprehensive understanding of relevant molecular mechanisms, as well as challenges for studies in this area, will facilitate the development of new pharmacological agents and genetic manipulations for therapy of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA.
| | - Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA
| | - Bryan Agostini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA
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18
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Apelin increases cardiac contractility via protein kinase Cε- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93473. [PMID: 24695532 PMCID: PMC3973555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apelin, the endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled apelin receptor, is an important regulator of the cardiovascular homoeostasis. We previously demonstrated that apelin is one of the most potent endogenous stimulators of cardiac contractility; however, its underlying signaling mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study we characterized the contribution of protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) to the positive inotropic effect of apelin. Methods and Results In isolated perfused rat hearts, apelin increased contractility in association with activation of prosurvival kinases PKC and ERK1/2. Apelin induced a transient increase in the translocation of PKCε, but not PKCα, from the cytosol to the particulate fraction, and a sustained increase in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the left ventricle. Suppression of ERK1/2 activation diminished the apelin-induced increase in contractility. Although pharmacological inhibition of PKC attenuated the inotropic response to apelin, it had no effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Moreover, the apelin-induced positive inotropic effect was significantly decreased by inhibition of MLCK, a kinase that increases myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Conclusions Apelin increases cardiac contractility through parallel and independent activation of PKCε and ERK1/2 signaling in the adult rat heart. Additionally MLCK activation represents a downstream mechanism in apelin signaling. Our data suggest that, in addition to their role in cytoprotection, modest activation of PKCε and ERK1/2 signaling improve contractile function, therefore these pathways represent attractive possible targets in the treatment of heart failure.
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19
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Kaikkonen L, Magga J, Ronkainen VP, Koivisto E, Perjes Á, Chuprun JK, Vinge LE, Kilpiö T, Aro J, Ulvila J, Alakoski T, Bibb JA, Szokodi I, Koch WJ, Ruskoaho H, Kerkelä R. p38α regulates SERCA2a function. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 67:86-93. [PMID: 24361238 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) regulates the L-type calcium channel, the ryanodine receptor, and phospholamban (PLB) thereby increasing inotropy. Cardiac contractility is also regulated by p38 MAPK, which is a negative regulator of cardiac contractile function. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism mediating the positive inotropic effect of p38 inhibition. Isolated adult and neonatal cardiomyocytes and perfused rat hearts were utilized to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulated by p38. PLB phosphorylation was enhanced in cardiomyocytes by chemical p38 inhibition, by overexpression of dominant negative p38α and by p38α RNAi, but not with dominant negative p38β. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with dominant negative p38α significantly decreased Ca(2+)-transient decay time indicating enhanced sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase function and increased cardiomyocyte contractility. Analysis of signaling mechanisms involved showed that inhibition of p38 decreased the activity of protein phosphatase 2A, which renders protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 phosphorylated and thereby inhibits PP1. In conclusion, inhibition of p38α enhances PLB phosphorylation and diastolic Ca(2+) uptake. Our findings provide evidence for novel mechanism regulating cardiac contractility upon p38 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Kaikkonen
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Elina Koivisto
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ábel Perjes
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - J Kurt Chuprun
- Temple University School of Medicine, MERB 9th floor, 3500 N Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Leif Erik Vinge
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0027 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0027 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Teemu Kilpiö
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jani Aro
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Ulvila
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tarja Alakoski
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA
| | - Istvan Szokodi
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság St., 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - Walter J Koch
- Temple University School of Medicine, MERB 9th floor, 3500 N Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland.
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20
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DeNicola GF, Martin ED, Chaikuad A, Bassi R, Clark J, Martino L, Verma S, Sicard P, Tata R, Atkinson RA, Knapp S, Conte MR, Marber MS. Mechanism and consequence of the autoactivation of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase promoted by TAB1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2013; 20:1182-90. [PMID: 24037507 PMCID: PMC3822283 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α) is activated by a variety of mechanisms, including autophosphorylation initiated by TGFβ-activated kinase 1 binding protein 1 (TAB1) during myocardial ischemia and other stresses. Chemical-genetic approaches and coexpression in mammalian, bacterial and cell-free systems revealed that mouse p38α autophosphorylation occurs in cis by direct interaction with TAB1(371-416). In isolated rat cardiac myocytes and perfused mouse hearts, TAT-TAB1(371-416) rapidly activates p38 and profoundly perturbs function. Crystal structures and characterization in solution revealed a bipartite docking site for TAB1 in the p38α C-terminal kinase lobe. TAB1 binding stabilizes active p38α and induces rearrangements within the activation segment by helical extension of the Thr-Gly-Tyr motif, allowing autophosphorylation in cis. Interference with p38α recognition by TAB1 abolishes its cardiac toxicity. Such intervention could potentially circumvent the drawbacks of clinical pharmacological inhibitors of p38 catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Felice DeNicola
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence. The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Eva Denise Martin
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence. The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Rekha Bassi
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence. The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - James Clark
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence. The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Luigi Martino
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sharwari Verma
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence. The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Pierre Sicard
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence. The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Renée Tata
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - R Andrew Atkinson
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Maria R Conte
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Michael S Marber
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence. The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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Bagchi AK, Sharma A, Dhingra S, Lehenbauer Ludke AR, Al-Shudiefat AAR, Singal PK. Interleukin-10 activates Toll-like receptor 4 and requires MyD88 for cardiomyocyte survival. Cytokine 2012; 61:304-14. [PMID: 23141143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in a variety of inflammatory diseases including acute cardiac disorders. TLR4 innate signaling regulates the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) upon TLR4 agonists' re-stimulation. Anti-apoptotic action of IL-10 in cardiac dysfunction is generally accepted but its protective mechanism through TLR4 is not yet understood. We studied the effect of IL-10 in the activation of TLR4 downstream signals leading to cardiomyocytes survival. IL-10 caused a significant increase in the expression of CD14, MyD88 and TLR4. TLR4 activation led to the translocation of the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) into the nucleus. Phosphorylation of IRF3 enhanced mRNA synthesis for IL-1β but not TNF-α and was elevated even after removal of IL-10 stimulation. Furthermore, degradation of inhibitory kappa B (IκB) kinase (Ikk) suggested that IκBβ was the main activating kinase for IRF3-regulated NF-κB activation and phosphorylation of p65. Phosphorylated NF-κB p65 was translocated into the nucleus. Concomitantly, an increase in Bcl-xL activity inhibited Bax and the proteolytic activity of caspase 3 as well as a decrease in PARP cleavage. An inhibition of MyD88, modulated the above listed responses to IL-10 as there was a decrease in TLR4 and IRF3 and an increase in TNF-α mRNA. This was associated with a decrease in NF-κB p65, Bcl-xL mRNA and protein levels as well as there was an activation of Bax and PARP cleavage independent of caspase 3 activation. These data in cardiomyocytes suggest that IL-10 induced anti-apoptotic signaling involves upregulation of TLR4 through MyD88 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim K Bagchi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, St. Boniface Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R2H 2A6
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Melloni C, Sprecher DL, Sarov-Blat L, Patel MR, Heitner JF, Hamm CW, Aylward P, Tanguay JF, DeWinter RJ, Marber MS, Lerman A, Hasselblad V, Granger CB, Newby LK. The study of LoSmapimod treatment on inflammation and InfarCtSizE (SOLSTICE): design and rationale. Am Heart J 2012; 164:646-653.e3. [PMID: 23137494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a nexus point in inflammation, sensing, and stimulating cytokine production and driving cell migration and death. In acute coronary syndromes, p38MAPK inhibition could stabilize ruptured atherosclerotic plaques, pacify active plaques, and improve microvascular function, thereby reducing infarct size and risk of subsequent cardiac events. The SOLSTICE trial is randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multicenter phase 2a study of 535 patients that evaluates the safety and efficacy of losmapimod (GW856553), a potent oral p38MAPK inhibitor, vs placebo in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction expected to undergo an invasive strategy. The coprimary end points are reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein at 12 weeks and reduction in infarct size as assessed by troponin area under the curve at 72 hours. A key secondary end point is 72-hour and 12-week B-type natriuretic peptide levels as a measure of cardiac remodeling and ventricular strain. The primary safety assessments are serious and nonserious adverse events, results of liver function testing, and major adverse cardiac events. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (N = 117) and coronary flow reserve (N = 13) substudies will assess the effects of losmapimod on infarct size, myocardial function, and coronary vasoregulation. Information gained from the SOLSTICE trial will inform further testing of this agent in larger clinical trials.
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Denise Martin E, De Nicola GF, Marber MS. New therapeutic targets in cardiology: p38 alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase for ischemic heart disease. Circulation 2012; 126:357-68. [PMID: 22801653 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.071886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Denise Martin
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, United Kingdom
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Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury during Heart Transplantation. J Transplant 2012; 2012:928954. [PMID: 22530110 PMCID: PMC3316985 DOI: 10.1155/2012/928954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In solid organ transplantation, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury during organ procurement, storage and reperfusion is an unavoidable detrimental event for the graft, as it amplifies graft inflammation and rejection. Intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways regulate inflammation and cell survival during IR injury. The four best-characterized MAPK subfamilies are the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal- regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, and big MAPK-1 (BMK1/ERK5). Here, we review the role of MAPK activation during myocardial IR injury as it occurs during heart transplantation. Most of our current knowledge regarding MAPK activation and cardioprotection comes from studies of preconditioning and postconditioning in nontransplanted hearts. JNK and p38 MAPK activation contributes to myocardial IR injury after prolonged hypothermic storage. p38 MAPK inhibition improves cardiac function after cold storage, rewarming and reperfusion. Small-molecule p38 MAPK inhibitors have been tested clinically in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, but not in transplanted patients, so far. Organ transplantation offers the opportunity of starting a preconditioning treatment before organ procurement or during cold storage, thus modulating early events in IR injury. Future studies will need to evaluate combined strategies including p38 MAPK and/or JNK inhibition, ERK1/2 activation, pre- or postconditioning protocols, new storage solutions, and gentle reperfusion.
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Vainio L, Perjes A, Ryti N, Magga J, Alakoski T, Serpi R, Kaikkonen L, Piuhola J, Szokodi I, Ruskoaho H, Kerkelä R. Neuronostatin, a novel peptide encoded by somatostatin gene, regulates cardiac contractile function and cardiomyocyte survival. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:4572-80. [PMID: 22170057 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.289215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronostatin, a recently discovered peptide encoded by somatostatin gene, is involved in regulation of neuronal function, blood pressure, food intake, and drinking behavior. However, the biological effects of neuronostatin on cardiac myocytes are not known, and the intracellular signaling mechanisms induced by neuronostatin remain unidentified. We analyzed the effect of neuronostatin in isolated perfused rat hearts and in cultured primary cardiomyocytes. Neuronostatin infusion alone had no effect on left ventricular (LV) contractile function or on isoprenaline- or preload-induced increase in cardiac contractility. However, infusion of neuronostatin significantly decreased the positive inotropic response to endothelin-1 (ET-1). This was associated with an increase in phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Treatment of both neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes with neuronostatin resulted in reduced cardiomyocyte viability. Inhibition of JNK further increased the neuronostatin-induced cell death. We conclude that neuronostatin regulates cardiac contractile function and cardiomyocyte survival. Receptors for neuronostatin need to be identified to further characterize the biological functions of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vainio
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
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Insulin-Mediated Inhibition of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Protects Cardiomyocytes in Severe Burns. J Burn Care Res 2011; 32:591-9. [DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e31822dc3f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Myocardial depressant effects of interleukin 6 in meningococcal sepsis are regulated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1692-711. [PMID: 21494108 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182186d27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myocardial failure, leading to inotrope-unresponsive shock, is the predominant cause of death in meningococcal and other forms of septic shock. Proinflammatory cytokines released in septic shock are known to have myocardial depressant effects. We previously showed that interleukin 6 is a major myocardial depressant factor in children with meningococcal septicemia. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which interleukin 6 induces myocardial failure in meningococcal sepsis and to identify potential novel therapeutic targets. DESIGN Laboratory-based study. SETTING University hospital and laboratories. PATIENTS Children with a clinical diagnosis of meningococcal septic shock. METHODS We studied interleukin 6-induced signaling events, both in vitro using isolated rat ventricular cardiac myocytes as a model of myocardial contractility and in whole blood from children with meningococcal sepsis. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We demonstrated involvement of Janus kinase 2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in interleukin 6-induced negative inotropy in isolated cardiac myocytes. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase not only reversed interleukin 6-induced myocardial depression in both rat and human myocytes, but restored inotrope responsiveness. Cardiomyocytes transduced with dominant-negative p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase showed no interleukin 6-induced myocardial depression. To investigate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in vivo, we profiled global RNA expression patterns in peripheral blood of children with meningococcal septicemia. Transcripts for genes mapping to the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway showed significantly altered levels of abundance with a high proportion of genes of this pathway affected. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate an integral role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in interleukin 6-mediated cardiac contractile dysfunction and inotrope insensitivity. Dysregulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in meningococcal septicemia suggests that this pathway may be an important target for novel therapies to reverse myocardial dysfunction in patients with meningococcal septic shock who are not responsive to inotropic support.
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Kan H, Wu Z, Young SH, Chen TH, Cumpston JL, Chen F, Kashon ML, Castranova V. Pulmonary exposure of rats to ultrafine titanium dioxide enhances cardiac protein phosphorylation and substance P synthesis in nodose ganglia. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:736-45. [PMID: 21877901 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.611915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The inhalation of engineered nanoparticles stimulates the development of atherosclerosis and impairs vascular function. However, the cardiac effects of inhaled engineered nanoparticles are unknown. Here, we investigate the effects of ultrafine titanium dioxide (UFTiO(2)) on the heart, and we define the possible mechanisms underlying the measured effects. Pulmonary exposure of rats to UFTiO(2) increased the phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cardiac troponin I, but not Akt, in the heart and substance P synthesis in nodose ganglia. Circulatory levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and blood cell counts and differentials were not significantly changed after pulmonary exposure. Separately, the incubation of cardiac myocytes isolated from naïve adult rat hearts in vitro with UFTiO(2) did not alter the phosphorylation status of the same cardiac proteins. In conclusion, the inhalation of UFTiO(2) enhanced the phosphorylation levels of cardiac proteins. Such responses are likely independent of systemic inflammation, but may involve a lung-neuron-regulated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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Li L, Sevinsky JR, Rowland MD, Bundy JL, Stephenson JL, Sherry B. Proteomic analysis reveals virus-specific Hsp25 modulation in cardiac myocytes. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2460-71. [PMID: 20196617 DOI: 10.1021/pr901151k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viruses frequently infect the heart but clinical myocarditis is rare, suggesting that the cardiac antiviral response is uniquely effective. Indeed, the Type I interferon (IFN) response is cardiac cell-type specific and provides one integrated network of protection for the heart. Here, a proteomic approach was used to identify additional proteins that may be involved in the cardiac antiviral response. Reovirus-induced murine myocarditis reflects direct viral damage to cardiac cells and offers an excellent system for study. Primary cultures of murine cardiac myocytes were infected with myocarditic or nonmyocarditic reovirus strains, and whole cell lysates were compared by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) tandem mass spectrometry. Results were quantitative and reproducible and demonstrated that whole proteome changes clustered according to viral pathogenic phenotype. Moreover, the data suggest that the heat shock protein Hsp25 is modulated differentially by myocarditic and nonmyocarditic reoviruses and may play a role in the cardiac antiviral response. Members of seven virus families modulate Hsp25 or Hsp27 expression in a variety of cell types, suggesting that Hsp25 participation in the antiviral response may be widespread. However, results here provide the first evidence for a virus-induced decrease in Hsp25/27 and suggest that viruses may have evolved a mechanism to subvert this protective response, as they have for IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianna Li
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
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30
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Kumphune S, Bassi R, Jacquet S, Sicard P, Clark JE, Verma S, Avkiran M, O'Keefe SJ, Marber MS. A chemical genetic approach reveals that p38alpha MAPK activation by diphosphorylation aggravates myocardial infarction and is prevented by the direct binding of SB203580. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:2968-75. [PMID: 19996096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.079228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nonselective pharmacological inhibitors has resulted in controversy regarding the mechanism and consequences of p38 activation during myocardial infarction. Classic p38 inhibitors such as SB203580 rely on a critical "gatekeeper" threonine residue for binding. We addressed these controversies by using mice in which the p38alpha alleles were targeted to cause substitution of the gatekeeper residue and resistance to inhibition. In homozygous drug-resistant compared with wild-type hearts, SB203580 failed to inhibit the activating phosphorylation of p38 or to reduce the infarction caused by myocardial ischemia. However, BIRB796, a p38 inhibitor not reliant on the gatekeeper for binding, similarly reduced p38-activating phosphorylation and infarction in both wild-type and knock-in mice, thereby excluding a nonspecific inhibitor-dependent phenotype resulting from the targeting strategy. Furthermore, the activation during myocardial ischemia involved phosphorylation of both the threonine and tyrosine residues in the activation loop of p38 despite the phosphorylation of the threonine alone being sufficient to create the epitope for dual phosphospecific antibody binding. Finally, SB203580 failed to reduce infarction in heterozygous drug-resistant hearts, suggesting that near complete inhibition of p38alpha kinase activity is necessary to elicit protection. These results indicate that, during myocardial ischemia, p38alpha (i) is the dominant-active p38 isoform, (ii) contributes to infarction, (iii) is responsible for the cardioprotective effect of SB203580, and (iv) is activated by a mechanism consistent with autodiphosphorylation despite this necessitating the phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue by an archetypal serine/threonine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Kumphune
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute and StThomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Sicard P, Jacquet S, Kobayashi KS, Flavell RA, Marber MS. Pharmacological postconditioning effect of muramyl dipeptide is mediated through RIP2 and TAK1. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 83:277-84. [PMID: 19213760 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite their ability to cause septic shock and myocardial dysfunction, components of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls, like lipopolysaccharide, have been shown in numerous studies to induce myocardial protection during ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is another such component recognized by an intracellular receptor, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2. Receptor activation leads to intracellular signals through receptor interacting protein-2 (RIP2) and tumour growth factor-beta-activated kinase-1 (TAK1). However, little is known about the RIP2/TAK1 pathway in the heart. The aim of this study was to determine whether the RIP2/TAK1 pathway has a cardioprotective role in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS We isolated and subjected wild-type (WT) and RIP2(-/-) mouse hearts to 30 min of global ischaemia and 120 min of reperfusion with or without perfusion of MDP (10 microg/mL) before or after the ischaemic period and determined the infarct size. We examined activation of the TAK1/nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) signalling pathway. The effect of TAK1 inhibition on MDP-induced cardioprotection was also evaluated. Exposure to MDP during reperfusion significantly reduced infarct size in WT hearts (from 51.7 +/- 5.6% in control to 38.1 +/- 6.7%, P < 0.05), but not in RIP2(-/-) hearts or in WT hearts with coincident pharmacological inhibition of TAK1. MDP treatment significantly increased the levels of p-TAK1 and p-JNK (Jun N-terminal kinase) and led to NFkappaB activation via phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB in the WT, but not in the RIP2(-/-), myocardium. CONCLUSION These results indicate that MDP at reperfusion induced cardioprotection through an RIP2/TAK1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sicard
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, The Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Krishnamurthy P, Rajasingh J, Lambers E, Qin G, Losordo DW, Kishore R. IL-10 inhibits inflammation and attenuates left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction via activation of STAT3 and suppression of HuR. Circ Res 2008; 104:e9-18. [PMID: 19096025 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.188243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Persistent inflammatory response has adverse effects on left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling following acute myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that suppression of inflammation with interleukin (IL)-10 treatment attenuates LV dysfunction and remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. After the induction of acute myocardial infarction, mice were treated with either saline or recombinant IL-10, and inflammatory response and LV functional and structural remodeling changes were evaluated. IL-10 significantly suppressed infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the myocardium. These changes were associated with IL-10-mediated inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and repression of the cytokine mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR. IL-10 treatment significantly improved LV functions, reduced infarct size, and attenuated infarct wall thinning. Myocardial infarction-induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and activity was associated with increased fibrosis, whereas IL-10 treatment reduced both MMP-9 activity and fibrosis. Small interfering RNA knockdown of HuR mimicked IL-10-mediated reduction in MMP-9 expression and activity in NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, IL-10 treatment significantly increased capillary density in the infarcted myocardium which was associated with enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that IL-10 suppresses inflammatory response and contributes to improved LV function and remodeling by inhibiting fibrosis via suppression of HuR/MMP-9 and by enhancing capillary density through activation of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA
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Paradoxical resistance to myocardial ischemia and age-related cardiomyopathy in NHE1 transgenic mice: a role for ER stress? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 46:225-33. [PMID: 19027022 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sarcolemmal Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) activity, which is provided by the NHE isoform 1 (NHE1), has been implicated in ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in animal models and humans, on the basis of studies with pharmacological NHE1 inhibitors. We generated a transgenic (TG) mouse model with cardiac-specific over-expression of NHE1 to determine whether this would be sufficient to increase myocardial susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. TG mouse hearts exhibited increased sarcolemmal NHE activity and normal morphology and function. Surprisingly, they also showed reduced susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, as reflected by improved functional recovery and smaller infarcts. Such protection was sustained in the presence of NHE1 inhibition with zoniporide, indicating a mechanism that is independent of sarcolemmal NHE activity. Immunoblot analysis revealed accumulation of immature NHE1 protein as well as marked upregulation of both cytoprotective (78/94 kDa glucose-regulated proteins, calreticulin, protein disulfide isomerase) and pro-apoptotic (C/EBP homologous protein) components of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in TG myocardium. With increasing age, NHE1 TG mice exhibited increased myocyte apoptosis, developed left ventricular contractile dysfunction, underwent cardiac remodelling and died prematurely. Our findings indicate that: (1) Cardiac-specific NHE1 over-expression induces the ER stress response in mouse myocardium, which may afford protection against ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury despite increased NHE activity; (2) Ageing NHE1 TG mice exhibit myocyte apoptosis, cardiac remodelling and failure, likely as a result of sustained ER stress; (3) The pluripotent effects of the ER stress response may confound studies that are based on the chronic over-expression of complex proteins in myocardium.
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Haugen E, Scharin Täng M, Isic A, Andersson B, Fu M. TNFα antagonist upregulates interleukin-6 in rats with hypertensive heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2008; 130:64-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nishino Y, Webb IG, Davidson SM, Ahmed AI, Clark JE, Jacquet S, Shah AM, Miura T, Yellon DM, Avkiran M, Marber MS. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inactivation Is Not Required for Ischemic Preconditioning or Postconditioning in the Mouse. Circ Res 2008; 103:307-14. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.169953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is proposed as the event integrating protective pathways initiated by preconditioning and other interventions. The inactivation of GSK-3 is thought to decrease the probability of opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The aim of this study was to verify the role of GSK-3 using a targeted mouse line lacking the critical N-terminal serine within GSK-3β (Ser9) and the highly homologous GSK-3α (Ser21), which when phosphorylated results in kinase inactivation. Postconditioning with 10 cycles of 5 seconds of reperfusion/5 seconds of ischemia and preconditioning with 6 cycles of 4 minutes of ischemia/6 minutes of reperfusion, similarly reduced infarction of the isolated perfused mouse heart in response to 30 minutes of global ischemia and 120 minutes of reperfusion. Preconditioning caused noticeable inactivating phosphorylation of GSK-3. However, both preconditioning and postconditioning still protected hearts of homozygous GSK-3 double knockin mice. Moreover, direct pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3 catalytic activity with structurally diverse inhibitors before or after ischemia failed to recapitulate conditioning protection. Nonetheless, cyclosporin A, a direct mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor, reduced infarction in hearts from both wild-type and homozygous GSK-3 double knockin mice. Furthermore, in adult cardiac myocytes from GSK-3 double knockin mice, insulin exposure was still as effective as cyclosporin A in delaying mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Our results, which include a novel genetic approach, suggest that the inhibition of GSK-3 is unlikely to be the key determinant of cardioprotective signaling in either preconditioning or postconditioning in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishino
- From the King’s College London BHF Centre (Y.N., I.G.W., A.I.A., J.E.C., S.J., A.M.S., M.A., M.S.M.), Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, UK; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (S.M.D., D.M.Y.), University College London Hospital and Medical School, UK; and Second Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ian G. Webb
- From the King’s College London BHF Centre (Y.N., I.G.W., A.I.A., J.E.C., S.J., A.M.S., M.A., M.S.M.), Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, UK; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (S.M.D., D.M.Y.), University College London Hospital and Medical School, UK; and Second Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sean M. Davidson
- From the King’s College London BHF Centre (Y.N., I.G.W., A.I.A., J.E.C., S.J., A.M.S., M.A., M.S.M.), Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, UK; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (S.M.D., D.M.Y.), University College London Hospital and Medical School, UK; and Second Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Aminul I. Ahmed
- From the King’s College London BHF Centre (Y.N., I.G.W., A.I.A., J.E.C., S.J., A.M.S., M.A., M.S.M.), Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, UK; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (S.M.D., D.M.Y.), University College London Hospital and Medical School, UK; and Second Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - James E. Clark
- From the King’s College London BHF Centre (Y.N., I.G.W., A.I.A., J.E.C., S.J., A.M.S., M.A., M.S.M.), Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, UK; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (S.M.D., D.M.Y.), University College London Hospital and Medical School, UK; and Second Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sebastien Jacquet
- From the King’s College London BHF Centre (Y.N., I.G.W., A.I.A., J.E.C., S.J., A.M.S., M.A., M.S.M.), Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, UK; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (S.M.D., D.M.Y.), University College London Hospital and Medical School, UK; and Second Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- From the King’s College London BHF Centre (Y.N., I.G.W., A.I.A., J.E.C., S.J., A.M.S., M.A., M.S.M.), Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, UK; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (S.M.D., D.M.Y.), University College London Hospital and Medical School, UK; and Second Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- From the King’s College London BHF Centre (Y.N., I.G.W., A.I.A., J.E.C., S.J., A.M.S., M.A., M.S.M.), Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, UK; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (S.M.D., D.M.Y.), University College London Hospital and Medical School, UK; and Second Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Derek M. Yellon
- From the King’s College London BHF Centre (Y.N., I.G.W., A.I.A., J.E.C., S.J., A.M.S., M.A., M.S.M.), Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, UK; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (S.M.D., D.M.Y.), University College London Hospital and Medical School, UK; and Second Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Metin Avkiran
- From the King’s College London BHF Centre (Y.N., I.G.W., A.I.A., J.E.C., S.J., A.M.S., M.A., M.S.M.), Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, UK; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (S.M.D., D.M.Y.), University College London Hospital and Medical School, UK; and Second Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Michael S. Marber
- From the King’s College London BHF Centre (Y.N., I.G.W., A.I.A., J.E.C., S.J., A.M.S., M.A., M.S.M.), Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, UK; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (S.M.D., D.M.Y.), University College London Hospital and Medical School, UK; and Second Department of Internal Medicine (T.M.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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Jacquet S, Nishino Y, Kumphune S, Sicard P, Clark JE, Kobayashi KS, Flavell RA, Eickhoff J, Cotten M, Marber MS. The role of RIP2 in p38 MAPK activation in the stressed heart. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:11964-71. [PMID: 18310079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707750200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of p38 MAPK by dual phosphorylation aggravates myocardial ischemic injury and depresses cardiac contractile function. SB203580, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of p38 MAPK and other kinases, prevents this dual phosphorylation during ischemia. Studies in non-cardiac tissue have shown receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) lies upstream of p38 MAPK, is SB203580-sensitive and ischemia-responsive, and aggravates ischemic injury. We therefore examined the RIP2-p38 MAPK signaling axis in the heart. Adenovirus-driven expression of wild-type RIP2 in adult rat ventricular myocytes caused robust, SB203580-sensitive dual phosphorylation of p38 MAPK associated with activation of p38 MAPK kinases MKK3, MKK4, and MKK6. The effect of SB203580 was recapitulated by unrelated inhibitors of RIP2 or the downstream MAPK kinase kinase, TAK1. However, overexpression of wild-type, kinase-dead, caspase recruitment domain-deleted, or kinase-dead and caspase recruitment domain-deleted forms of RIP2 had no effect on the activating dual phosphorylation of p38 MAPK during simulated ischemia. Similarly, p38 MAPK activation and myocardial infarction size in response to true ischemia did not differ between hearts from wild-type and RIP2 null mice. However, both p38 MAPK activation and the contractile depression caused by the endotoxin component muramyl dipeptide were attenuated by SB203580 and in RIP2 null hearts. Although RIP2 can cause myocardial p38 MAPK dual phosphorylation in the heart under some circumstances, it is not responsible for the SB203580-sensitive pattern of activation during ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Jacquet
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Clark JE, Sarafraz N, Marber MS. Potential of p38-MAPK inhibitors in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 116:192-206. [PMID: 17765316 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is debilitating, often fatal, expensive to treat and common. In most patients it is a late consequence of myocardial infarction (MI). The intracellular signals following infarction that lead to diminished contractility, apoptosis, fibrosis and ultimately heart failure are not fully understood but probably involve p38-mitogen activated protein kinases (p38), a family of serine/threonine kinases which, when activated, cause cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction and death. Pharmacological inhibitors of p38 suppress inflammation and are undergoing clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis, Chrohn's disease, psoriasis and surgery-induced tissue injury. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms, circumstances and consequences of p38 activation in the heart. The purpose is to evaluate p38 inhibition as a potential therapy for ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Clark
- The Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Cuenda A, Rousseau S. p38 MAP-kinases pathway regulation, function and role in human diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1773:1358-75. [PMID: 17481747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 990] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated by a wide range of cellular stresses as well as in response to inflammatory cytokines. There are four members of the p38MAPK family (p38alpha, p38beta, p38gamma and p38delta) which are about 60% identical in their amino acid sequence but differ in their expression patterns, substrate specificities and sensitivities to chemical inhibitors such as SB203580. A large body of evidences indicates that p38MAPK activity is critical for normal immune and inflammatory response. The p38MAPK pathway is a key regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines biosynthesis at the transcriptional and translational levels, which makes different components of this pathway potential targets for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, recent studies have shed light on the broad effect of p38MAPK activation in the control of many other aspects of the physiology of the cell, such as control of cell cycle or cytoskeleton remodelling. Here we focus on these emergent roles of p38MAPKs and their implication in different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cuenda
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
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Monsuez JJ, Escaut L, Teicher E, Charniot JC, Vittecoq D. Cytokines in HIV-associated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2007; 120:150-7. [PMID: 17336407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2006] [Revised: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Among the multiple cardiac manifestations occurring in HIV-infected patients, cardiomyopathy is one of the most challenging. Its incidence has only slightly decreased since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Also, its pathogenesis remains relatively unclear. Although several studies demonstrated the presence of HIV genome in the heart of patients, more recent developments found that viral infection plays an indirect role only, as well as they recognized the contribution of proinflammatory cytokines in the progression of the disease. Experimental studies on animals and cultured myocytes have established the signalling pathway triggered by proinflammatory cytokines in heart failure and cardiomyopathy. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 promote expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cardiomyocytes through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB). TNF-alpha and high concentrations of NO also induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis by TNF type 1 receptor activation. This biological framework, which is also involved in progression of cardiomyopathy in humans, is more pronounced in HIV-infected patients, in whom proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 are increased, resulting in an enhanced expression of cardiac iNOS, especially in patients with a low CD4 T cell count. This may account for the worse outcome of heart failure in HIV-infected patients. However, there are only few data today to support future therapeutic implications of cytokines antagonism in treatment of HIV-infected patients with cardiomyopathy. Whether modulation of TNF production or selective inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway could be useful approaches remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Monsuez
- AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Université Paris-Sud 11, Faculté de Médecine, de Bicêtre, France 94804 Villejuif, France.
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