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Patel DM, Churilla BM, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Sang Y, Grams ME, Parikh CR, Crews DC. Implementation of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation in a United States Nephrology Clinic. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:2665-2676. [PMID: 38106577 PMCID: PMC10719573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) estimates a person's risk of kidney failure and has great potential utility in clinical care. Methods We used mixed methods to explore implementation of the KFRE in nephrology clinics. Results KFRE scores were integrated into the electronic health record at Johns Hopkins Medicine and were displayed to nephrology providers. Documentation of KFRE scores increased over time, reaching 25% of eligible outpatient nephrology clinic notes at month 11. Three providers documented KFRE scores in >75% of notes, whereas 25 documented scores in <10% of notes. Surveys and focus groups of nephrology providers were conducted to probe provider views on the KFRE. Survey respondents (n = 25) reported variability in use of KFRE for decisions such as maintaining nephrology care, referring for transplant evaluation, or providing dialysis modality education. Provider perspectives on the use of KFRE, assessed in 2 focus groups of 4 providers each, included 3 common themes as follows: (i) KFRE scores may be most impactful in the care of specific subsets of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD); (ii) there is uncertainty about KFRE risk-based thresholds to guide clinical care; and (iii) education of patients, nephrology providers, and non-nephrology providers on appropriate interpretations of KFRE scores may help maximize their utility. Conclusion Implementation of the KFRE was limited by non-uniform provider adoption of its use, and limited knowledge about utilization of the KFRE in clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipal M. Patel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryce M. Churilla
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather Thiessen-Philbrook
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yingying Sang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Morgan E. Grams
- Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chirag R. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deidra C. Crews
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Patel DM, Thavarajah S, Bitzel J, Grader-Beck T, Fine DM, Grams ME, Parikh CR, Crews DC. Dissemination and Early Experiences of an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measure in Nephrology Clinic. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:1204-1206. [PMID: 37220171 PMCID: PMC10564358 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipal M. Patel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sumeska Thavarajah
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jack Bitzel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Grader-Beck
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Derek M. Fine
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Morgan E. Grams
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Chirag R. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deidra C. Crews
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Noce EM, Brereton L, Zorzanello M, Aklilu A, Anders E, Bernal M, Sundararajan A, Dahl NK, Kodali R, Patel DM. Dialysis Patient Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Study. Kidney Med 2023; 5:100673. [PMID: 37305377 PMCID: PMC10186967 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic imposed several changes in the care of patients with kidney failure receiving dialysis. We explored patient care experiences during the pandemic. Study Design The study team verbally administered surveys including Likert scale multiple-choice questions and open-ended questions and recorded responses. Setting & Participants Surveys were administered to adults receiving dialysis through an academic nephrology practice after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Exposure Outpatient dialysis treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcomes Perceptions of care and changes in health. Analytical Approach Multiple-choice responses were quantified using descriptive statistics. Thematic analysis was used to code open-ended responses and derive themes surrounding patient experiences. Results A total of 172 patients receiving dialysis were surveyed. Most patients reported feeling "very connected" to the care teams. Seventeen percent of participants reported transportation issues, 6% reported difficulty obtaining medications, and 9% reported difficulty getting groceries. Four themes emerged as influencing patient experiences during the pandemic: 1) the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect participants' experience of dialysis care; 2) the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted other aspects of participants' lives, which in turn were felt to affect mental and physical health; 3) regarding dialysis care experience more generally, participants valued consistency, dependability, and personal connection to staff; and 4) the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of external social support. Limitations Surveys were administered early in the COVID-19 pandemic, and patient perspectives have not been reassessed. Further qualitative analysis using semi-structured interviews was not performed. Survey distribution in additional practice settings, using validated questionnaires, would increase generalizability of the study. The study was not powered for statistical analysis. Conclusions Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, perceptions of dialysis care were unchanged for most patients. Other aspects of participants' lives were impacted, which affected their health. Subpopulations of patients receiving dialysis may be more vulnerable during the pandemic: those with histories of mental health conditions, non-White patients, and patients treated by in-center hemodialysis. Plain-language summary Patients with kidney failure continue to receive life-sustaining dialysis treatments during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We sought to understand perceived changes in care and mental health during this challenging time. We administered surveys to patients receiving dialysis after the initial wave of COVID-19, asking questions on topics including access to care, ability to reach care teams, and depression. Most participants did not feel that their dialysis care experiences had changed, but some reported difficulties in other aspects of living such as nutrition and social interactions. Participants highlighted the importance of consistent dialysis care teams and the availability of external support. We found that patients who are treated with in-center hemodialysis, are non-White, or have mental health conditions may have been more vulnerable during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa M. Noce
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Laura Brereton
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Zorzanello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Abinet Aklilu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Melia Bernal
- School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anusha Sundararajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Neera K. Dahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ravi Kodali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dipal M. Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Haq K, Patel DM. Urinalysis: Interpretation and Clinical Correlations. Med Clin North Am 2023; 107:659-679. [PMID: 37258005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic tool to assist clinicians in determining the etiology of various acute or chronic pathologies. Primary care, general internal medicine, and family medicine clinicians should be adept at identifying indications for urinalyses, in addition to appropriately interpreting their results. In this article, we provide an overview of urinalysis for non-nephrologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanza Haq
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 416, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dipal M Patel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 416, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Patel DM, Bowling CB, Plantinga LC, Jaar BG. Editorial: Dialysis and the age-friendly health system initiative. Front Nephrol 2023; 3:1170566. [PMID: 37675379 PMCID: PMC10479583 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1170566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipal M. Patel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - C Barrett Bowling
- Durham Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VAHCS), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Laura C. Plantinga
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bernard G. Jaar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Patel DM, Raina R, Jaar BG. Editorial: Management of hemodialysis patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1116702. [PMID: 36606051 PMCID: PMC9808378 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1116702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dipal M. Patel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rupesh Raina
- Akron General Medical Center, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Bernard G. Jaar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Mangarule S, Palkar S, Mitra M, Ravi MD, Singh R, Moureau A, Jayanth MV, Patel DM, Ravinuthala S, Patnaik BN, Jordanov E, Noriega F. Antibody persistence following administration of a hexavalent DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T vaccine versus separate DTwP-HB-PRP∼T and IPV vaccines at 12-24 months of age and safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T in healthy infants in India. Vaccine X 2022; 11:100190. [PMID: 35899104 PMCID: PMC9309395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Patel DM, Phadke M, Dai F, Simonov M, Dahl NK, Kodali R. Association of AKI-D with Urinary Findings and Baseline eGFR in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Kidney360 2021; 2:1215-1224. [PMID: 35369662 PMCID: PMC8676386 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001612021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background AKI is common in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Risk factors for AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-D) are not fully understood. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with AKI-D and AKI not requiring dialysis (AKI-ND). Methods We reviewed electronic health records of 3186 patients aged ≥18 years old who were hospitalized with COVID-19 across six hospitals. Patient characteristics, urinalysis findings, and inflammatory markers were analyzed for association with in-hospital AKI status (AKI-D, AKI-ND, or no AKI), and we subsequently evaluated mortality. Results After adjustment for multiple covariates, higher baseline eGFR was associated with 30% lower odds of AKI-D and 11% lower odds of AKI-ND (for AKI-D, OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.77; for AKI-ND, OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.92). Patients with obesity and those who were Latino had increased odds of AKI-D, whereas patients with congestive heart failure or diabetes with complications had increased odds of AKI-ND. Females had lower odds of in-hospital AKI (for AKI-D, OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.46; for AKI-ND, OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99). After adjustment for covariates and baseline eGFR, 1-4+ protein on initial urinalysis was associated with a nine-fold increase in odds of AKI-D (OR, 9.00; 95% CI, 2.16 to 37.38) and more than two-fold higher odds of AKI-ND (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.66 to 3.13). Findings of 1-3+ blood and trace glucose on initial urinalysis were also associated with increased odds of both AKI-D and AKI-ND. AKI-D and AKI-ND were associated with in-hospital death (for AKI-D, OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.13 to 6.17; for AKI-ND, OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.77 to 3.35). Conclusions Active urine sediments, even after adjustment for baseline kidney function, and reduced baseline eGFR are significantly associated with increased odds of AKI-D and AKI-ND. In-hospital AKI was associated with in-hospital death. These findings may help prognosticate patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipal M. Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Manali Phadke
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Feng Dai
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Simonov
- Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Yale New Haven Health System, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Neera K. Dahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ravi Kodali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Patel DM, Dahl NK. Examining the Role of Novel CKD Therapies for the ADPKD Patient. Kidney360 2021; 2:1036-1041. [PMID: 35373079 PMCID: PMC8791369 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0007422020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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González-López WA, Patel DM, Duncan N, Beirão J. Is it possible to store spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) sperm by refrigeration? Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:725-735. [PMID: 32488550 PMCID: PMC8225530 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor reproduction in captivity is dependent on in vitro fertilization. However, it is often challenging to acquire sufficient fresh sperm to fertilize the eggs that are obtained. In this study, we evaluate the possibility to store spotted wolffish sperm by refrigeration. Spotted wolffish sperm has the particularity that is already motile on stripping, and currently it is not possible to immobilize and reactivate. Thus, sperm refrigeration protocols should focus in extending this motility period that usually lasts up to 2 days. In a first experiment, we evaluated the possibility that the motility period of the sperm was limited by contamination with urine. The urea concentration in the sperm obtained both by stripping (17.10 ± 1.98 mg/dL) and directly from the testis (12.59 ± 2.37 mg/dL) was similar (p > 0.05), which indicate that the sperm collection method used avoid contamination with urine. Afterwards, we tested the possibility that the sperm motility period was limited by energy stores. The ATP concentration (initial value 5.65 ± 0.86 nmol/109 cells) remained stable (p = 0.099) during 30 h after sperm collection, and similar values (p = 0.329) were recorded at end of sperm storage in both diluted (3.88 ± 1.35 nmol/109 cells) and undiluted samples (4.76 ± 1.08 nmol/109). This indicates that the low intracellular ATP consumption, derived from the slow sperm motility, can probably be compensated rapidly enough by mitochondrial synthesis of ATP in the spotted wolffish sperm. In both experiments, diluted sperm kept higher percentage of motile cells during the storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A González-López
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, NO-8049, Bodø, Norway
- IRTA Sant Carles de la Rápita, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - D M Patel
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, NO-8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - N Duncan
- IRTA Sant Carles de la Rápita, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J Beirão
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, NO-8049, Bodø, Norway.
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Patel DM, Cantley L, Moeckel G, Dahl NK, Luciano R. IgA vasculitis complicated by acute kidney failure with thrombotic microangiopathy: successful use of eculizumab. J Nephrol 2021; 34:2141-2145. [PMID: 34019254 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-021-01028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipal M Patel
- Department of Nephrology, Yale University, 330 Cedar Street, BB114, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Lloyd Cantley
- Department of Nephrology, Yale University, 330 Cedar Street, BB114, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | - Neera K Dahl
- Department of Nephrology, Yale University, 330 Cedar Street, BB114, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Randy Luciano
- Department of Nephrology, Yale University, 330 Cedar Street, BB114, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipal M Patel
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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13
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Patel DM, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Brown JR, McArthur E, Moledina DG, Mansour SG, Shlipak MG, Koyner JL, Kavsak P, Whitlock RP, Everett AD, Malenka DJ, Garg AX, Coca SG, Parikh CR. Association of plasma-soluble ST2 and galectin-3 with cardiovascular events and mortality following cardiac surgery. Am Heart J 2020; 220:253-263. [PMID: 31911262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac surgery induces hemodynamic stress on the myocardium, and this process can be associated with significant post-operative morbidity and mortality. Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) and galectin-3 (gal-3) are biomarkers of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis; however, their potential association with post-operative changes is unknown. METHODS We measured peri-operative plasma sST2 and gal-3 levels in two prospective cohorts (TRIBE-AKI and NNE) of over 1800 patients who underwent cardiac surgery. sST2 and gal-3 levels were evaluated for association with a composite primary outcome of cardiovascular event or mortality over median follow-up periods of 3.4 and 6.0 years, respectively, for the two cohorts. Meta-analysis of hazard ratio estimates from the cohorts was performed using random effects models. RESULTS Cohorts demonstrated event rates of 70.2 and 66.8 per 1000 person-years for the primary composite outcome. After adjustment for clinical covariates, higher post-operative sST2 and gal-3 levels were significantly associated with cardiovascular event or mortality [pooled estimate HRs: sST2 1.29 (95% CI 1.16, 1.44); gal-3 1.26 (95% CI 1.09, 1.46)]. These associations were not significantly modified by pre-operative congestive heart failure or AKI. CONCLUSIONS Higher post-operative sST2 and gal-3 values were associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular event or mortality. These two biomarkers should be further studied for potential clinical utility for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Chaudhary NJ, Patel DM, Dhami AJ, Vala KB, Hadiya KK, Patel JA. Effect of Doublesynch and Estradoublesynch protocols on estrus induction, conception rate, plasma progesterone, protein, and cholesterol profile in anestrus Gir heifers. Vet World 2018; 11:542-548. [PMID: 29805223 PMCID: PMC5960797 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.542-548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Doublesynch and Estradoublesynch protocols on estrus induction, conception rates, plasma progesterone, protein, and cholesterol profile in anestrus Gir heifers. Materials and Methods In this study, 50 pubertal anestrus Gir heifers were selected from the field and farm conditions. The heifers were dewormed (injection ivermectin, 100 mg, s/c) and supplemented with minerals and vitamins (injection organic phosphorus 800 mg and injection Vitamin AD3E and Biotin 10 ml i/m) and multi-mineral bolus at 1 bolus daily for 7 days. The heifers were randomly divided into three groups: Doublesynch (n=20), Estradoublesynch (n=20), and control (n=10). The animals were monitored for estrus response, estrus interval, behavioral signs, and conception rates after induced/first, second, and third cycle post-treatment. Blood samples were obtained on day 0, day 9, day 12, and on day 12 post-artificial insemination (AI) for determination of plasma progesterone, protein, and cholesterol profile. Results The estrus response rate between Doublesynch and Estradoublesynch protocols was similar between treated heifers (85% and 95%). The interval from the second prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injection to estrus induction did not differ between the groups (63.87±4.19 vs. 58.27±3.83 h). The conception rates following induced estrus (20% vs. 30%), at the second cycle (23.07% vs. 16.66%), at the third cycle (22.22% vs. 30.00%), and the overall conception rate (45% and 55%) within 27.89±5.75 and 26.45±5.48 days were the same across the treatment groups. The mean plasma progesterone concentrations were significantly (p<0.01) higher on day 9 (second PGF2α injection) and day 12 post-AI compared to day 0 (first PGF2α injection) and the day of fixed-timed artificial insemination. The concentrations were also significantly (p<0.05) higher in conceived than non-conceived heifers on day 9 of treatment and day 12 post-AI in both the protocols. The mean plasma cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher during peak follicular and luteal phases compared to the initial anestrus phase in both the protocols. The values were also higher in non-conceived than conceived animals in both the protocols. The plasma protein profile was not influenced by the sampling days or conceived and non-conceived status. Conclusion The results showed that both Doublesynch and Estradoublesynch protocols resulted in similar estrus induction and conception rates with modulation of plasma progesterone and cholesterol profile in anestrus Gir heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Chaudhary
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - D M Patel
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - A J Dhami
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - K B Vala
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh - 362 001, Gujarat, India
| | - K K Hadiya
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - J A Patel
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 001, Gujarat, India
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Dubash AD, Kam CY, Aguado BA, Patel DM, Delmar M, Shea LD, Green KJ. Plakophilin-2 loss promotes TGF-β1/p38 MAPK-dependent fibrotic gene expression in cardiomyocytes. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:425-38. [PMID: 26858265 PMCID: PMC4754716 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201507018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the desmosome protein family are integral components of the cardiac area composita, a mixed junctional complex responsible for electromechanical coupling between cardiomyocytes. In this study, we provide evidence that loss of the desmosomal armadillo protein Plakophilin-2 (PKP2) in cardiomyocytes elevates transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which together coordinate a transcriptional program that results in increased expression of profibrotic genes. Importantly, we demonstrate that expression of Desmoplakin (DP) is lost upon PKP2 knockdown and that restoration of DP expression rescues the activation of this TGF-β1/p38 MAPK transcriptional cascade. Tissues from PKP2 heterozygous and DP conditional knockout mouse models also exhibit elevated TGF-β1/p38 MAPK signaling and induction of fibrotic gene expression in vivo. These data therefore identify PKP2 and DP as central players in coordination of desmosome-dependent TGF-β1/p38 MAPK signaling in cardiomyocytes, pathways known to play a role in different types of cardiac disease, such as arrhythmogenic or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi D Dubash
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville SC 29613
| | - Chen Y Kam
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Brian A Aguado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL 60208 Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611
| | - Dipal M Patel
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Mario Delmar
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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Patel DM, Dubash AD, Kreitzer G, Green KJ. Disease mutations in desmoplakin inhibit Cx43 membrane targeting mediated by desmoplakin-EB1 interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 206:779-97. [PMID: 25225338 PMCID: PMC4164953 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201312110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms by which microtubule plus ends interact with regions of cell-cell contact during tissue development and morphogenesis are not fully understood. We characterize a previously unreported interaction between the microtubule binding protein end-binding 1 (EB1) and the desmosomal protein desmoplakin (DP), and demonstrate that DP-EB1 interactions enable DP to modify microtubule organization and dynamics near sites of cell-cell contact. EB1 interacts with a region of the DP N terminus containing a hotspot for pathogenic mutations associated with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). We show that a subset of AC mutations, in addition to a mutation associated with skin fragility/woolly hair syndrome, impair gap junction localization and function by misregulating DP-EB1 interactions and altering microtubule dynamics. This work identifies a novel function for a desmosomal protein in regulating microtubules that affect membrane targeting of gap junction components, and elucidates a mechanism by which DP mutations may contribute to the development of cardiac and cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipal M Patel
- Department of Pathology and Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Adi D Dubash
- Department of Pathology and Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Geri Kreitzer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology and Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 Department of Pathology and Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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Chen J, Nekrasova OE, Patel DM, Klessner JL, Godsel LM, Koetsier JL, Amargo EV, Desai BV, Green KJ. The C-terminal unique region of desmoglein 2 inhibits its internalization via tail-tail interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 199:699-711. [PMID: 23128240 PMCID: PMC3494854 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201202105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tail–tail interactions of desmoglein 2, promoted by its C-terminal unique region, inhibit its internalization, stabilizing it at the cell surface and promoting intercellular adhesion. Desmosomal cadherins, desmogleins (Dsgs) and desmocollins, make up the adhesive core of intercellular junctions called desmosomes. A critical determinant of epithelial adhesive strength is the level and organization of desmosomal cadherins on the cell surface. The Dsg subclass of desmosomal cadherins contains a C-terminal unique region (Dsg unique region [DUR]) with unknown function. In this paper, we show that the DUR of Dsg2 stabilized Dsg2 at the cell surface by inhibiting its internalization and promoted strong intercellular adhesion. DUR also facilitated Dsg tail–tail interactions. Forced dimerization of a Dsg2 tail lacking the DUR led to decreased internalization, supporting the conclusion that these two functions of the DUR are mechanistically linked. We also show that a Dsg2 mutant, V977fsX1006, identified in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy patients, led to a loss of Dsg2 tail self-association and underwent rapid endocytosis in cardiac muscle cells. Our observations illustrate a new mechanism desmosomal cadherins use to control their surface levels, a key factor in determining their adhesion and signaling roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Prajapati ST, Patel LD, Patel DM. Studies on formulation and in vitro evaluation of floating matrix tablets of domperidone. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:19-23. [PMID: 20177450 PMCID: PMC2810042 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.51944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 01/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Floating matrix tablets of domperidone were developed to prolong gastric residence time and thereby increased drug bioavailability. Domperidone was chosen as a model drug because it is poorly absorbed from the lower gastrointestinal tract. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique, using polymers such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K4M, carbopol 934P, and sodium alginate, either alone or in combination, and other standard excipients. Tablets were evaluated for physical characteristics viz. hardness, % friability, floating capacity, weight variation and content uniformity. Further, tablets were evaluated for in vitro release characteristics for 24 h. In vitro release mechanism was evaluated by linear regression analysis. Floating matrix tablets based on combination of three polymers namely; hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K4M, carbopol 934P and sodium alginate exhibited desired floating and prolonged drug release for 24 h. Carbopol loading showed negative effect on floating properties but were found helpful to control the release rate of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana-384 001, India
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Patel DM, Patel MM. Optimization of fast dissolving etoricoxib tablets prepared by sublimation technique. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 70:71-6. [PMID: 20390084 PMCID: PMC2852065 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.40335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Revised: 01/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to develop fast dissolving tablets of etoricoxib. Granules containing etoricoxib, menthol, crospovidone, aspartame and mannitol were prepared by wet granulation technique. Menthol was sublimed from the granules by exposing the granules to vacuum. The porous granules were then compressed in to tablets. Alternatively, tablets were first prepared and later exposed to vacuum. The tablets were evaluated for percentage friability and disintegration time. A 3(2) full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of 2 formulation variables: amount of menthol and crospovidone. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that for obtaining fast dissolving tablets; optimum amount of menthol and higher percentage of crospovidone should be used. A surface response plots are also presented to graphically represent the effect of the independent variables on the percentage friability and disintegration time. The validity of a generated mathematical model was tested by preparing a checkpoint batch. Sublimation of menthol from tablets resulted in rapid disintegration as compared with the tablets prepared from granules that were exposed to vacuum. The optimized tablet formulation was compared with conventional marketed tablets for percentage drug dissolved in 30 min (Q(30)) and dissolution efficiency after 30 min (DE(30)). From the results, it was concluded that fast dissolving tablets with improved etoricoxib dissolution could be prepared by sublimation of tablets containing suitable subliming agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana - 384 001, India
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Mehta HR, Patel IK, Patel NH, Patel DM, Parmar AB. Implication of enterohepatic re-circulation on single dose bioequivalence evaluation of two brands of clonidine hydrochloride tablets in healthy human volunteers. Indian J Pharm Sci 2010; 71:515-20. [PMID: 20502569 PMCID: PMC2866342 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.58181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A single dose, crossover bioequivalence study of two different brands of clonidine hydrochloride 25 μg tablets was conducted in 24 (+2 stand by) healthy, adult, male, Indian subjects under fasting conditions to check the implication of enterohepatic re-circulation on assessment of bioequivalence. After an overnight fasting of at least 10 h, the subjects received single oral dose of test or reference product with either of the product as per randomization schedule in each period with a washout period of 10 days. The pre-dose blood sample was collected within a period of one h before dosing. The post-dose blood samples were collected at specified time intervals up to 96 h. The plasma concentrations of clonidine were quantified by validated LCMS/MS method and pharmacokinetic parameters were computed. The 90% confidence intervals of test/reference ratios for Cmax and area under the plasma-concentration- time-curve AUC under 0-t were found to be between 0.80 and 1.25 for log-transformed data. Analysis of variance did not show significant difference to these parameters. No meaningful values of Kel and therefore AUC under 0-infinity could be calculated for significant number of subjects due to enterohepatic re-circulation. Based on the results obtained, two different brands of clonidine 25 μg tablets have comparable rate and extent of absorption after oral administration but failed to show bioequivalence as per regulatory requirement of Food and Drugs Administration-united states.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Mehta
- Clinical Research Group, Torrent Research Centre, Gandhinagar-382 424, India
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Patel DM, Prajapati DG, Patel NM. Seed mucilage from Ocimum americanum linn. as disintegrant in tablets: Separation and evaluation. Indian J Pharm Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.34556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Patel DM, Mannie MD. Intercellular exchange of class II major histocompatibility complex/peptide complexes is a conserved process that requires activation of T cells but is constitutive in other types of antigen presenting cell. Cell Immunol 2001; 214:165-72. [PMID: 12088415 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activated T cells acquire antigen presenting cell- (APC) derived class II major histocompatibility complex glycoproteins (MHCII) but the role of TCR in this process is controversial. This study provides additional evidence that ligation of TCR initiates activation-dependent processes that independently mediate acquisition of APC-derived molecules. First, intercellular exchange of MHCII resulted in the constitutive accumulation of xenogeneic rat I-A on murine B cells, whereas naïve murine T cells required activation to adsorb xenogeneic I-A. Likewise, continuous lines of B cells, basophils, and MØ from various species such as rat, mouse, and human constitutively acquired xenogeneic I-A. Second, inhibitors of T-cell activation such as wortmannin, EGTA, or mAb against I-A, TCR, LFA-1, or CD4 inhibited I-A acquisition by rested T cells but not by preactivated T cells. In conclusion, exchange of MHCII is a conserved process that requires activation of T cells but is constitutive in other types of APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Patel
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4354, USA
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Patel DM, Dudek RW, Mannie MD. Intercellular exchange of class II MHC complexes: ultrastructural localization and functional presentation of adsorbed I-A/peptide complexes. Cell Immunol 2001; 214:21-34. [PMID: 11902826 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2002.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activated rat T cells, like human T cells, synthesize class II MHC glycoproteins (MHCII) and absorb MHCII from neighboring T cells. This study focused on interactions of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells that either synthesized MHCII or absorbed MHCII during activation to assess cellular structures associated with presentation of functional MHCII/peptide complexes. Synthesis of MHCII by CD4(+)TCR(+) T cells involved I-A(+) multivesicular MHC class II-like compartments (MIIC), release of MHCII(+) vesicles, and expression of MHCII on a dendritic arborization. T-cell-mediated adsorption of MHCII was a saturable process that required close cell proximity, actin polymerization, and a permissive temperature. Adsorbed MHCII existed on vesicles that were intimately associated with the responder cell membrane. T cells bearing adsorbed vesicular MHCII presented antigen and were specifically lysed by CD4(+) T cell responders, but when labeled with anti-MHCII antibody were not susceptible to complement-mediated lysis. In summary, this study reveals vesicular compartments associated with synthesis and intercellular exchange of functional MHCII/peptide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4354, USA
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Feng Y, LeBlanc MH, LeBlanc EB, Parker CC, Fratkin JD, Qian XB, Patel DM, Huang M, Smith EE, Vig PJ. Desmethyl tirilazad improves neurologic function after hypoxic ischemic brain injury in piglets. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:1431-8. [PMID: 10834691 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200005000-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Desmethyl tirilazad is a lipid-soluble free radical quencher. Deferoxamine reduces free radicals by chelating iron and reducing hydroxyl formation. Free radical inhibitors have shown promise in several hypoxic ischemic brain injury models, and we wished to see if this work could be extended to our newborn piglet model. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS Piglets (0 to 3 days old). INTERVENTION Carotid snares and arterial and venous catheters were placed under 1.5% isoflurane anesthesia. In Experiment 1, piglets were randomly assigned to receive either 3 mg/kg desmethyl tirilazad or vehicle at -15 and 90 mins. In Experiment 2, piglets were randomly assigned to receive either 20 mg/kg desmethyl tirilazad at -15 mins followed by 8 mg/kg/hr for 90 mins or 100 mg/kg deferoxamine at -15 mins or vehicle. At time 0, both carotid arteries were clamped and blood was withdrawn to reduce the blood pressure to two-thirds normal. At 15 mins, inspired oxygen was reduced to 6%. At 30 mins, the carotid snares were released, the withdrawn blood was reinfused, and the oxygen was switched to 100%. On the third day after the hypoxic ischemic injury, the animals were killed by perfusing their brains with 10% formalin. We tested the timing of lipid peroxidation and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by these agents by freezing the brains of a subset of pigs in liquid nitrogen. MEASUREMENTS Neurologic examination and brain pathology were scored by blinded observers. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance and oxidized and reduced glutathione were measured on frozen brains. MAIN RESULTS Desmethyl tirilazad (20 mg/kg) and 100 mg/kg deferoxamine inhibit lipid peroxidation. Desmethyl tirilazad (20 mg/kg) improves neurologic exam, but 3 mg/kg Desmethyl tirilazad or 100 mg/kg deferoxamine does not. Neither desmethyl tirilazad nor deferoxamine improves pathologic results. CONCLUSIONS High-dose desmethyl tirilazad improves neurologic function after hypoxic ischemic brain injury in the newborn piglet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216-4505, USA
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Patel DM, Arnold PY, White GA, Nardella JP, Mannie MD. Class II MHC/peptide complexes are released from APC and are acquired by T cell responders during specific antigen recognition. J Immunol 1999; 163:5201-10. [PMID: 10553040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
T cell expression of class II MHC/peptide complexes may be important for maintenance of peripheral self-tolerance, but mechanisms underlying the genesis of class II MHC glycoproteins on T cells are not well resolved. T cell APC (T-APC) used herein were transformed IL-2-dependent clones that constitutively synthesized class II MHC glycoproteins. When pulsed with myelin basic protein (MBP) and injected into Lewis rats, these T-APC reduced the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas unpulsed T-APC were without activity. Normal MBP-reactive clones cultured without APC did not express class II MHC even when activated with mitogens and exposed to IFN-gamma. However, during a 4-h culture with T-APC or macrophage APC, recognition of MBP or mitogenic activation of responder T cells elicited high levels of I-A and I-E expression on responders. Acquisition of class II MHC glycoproteins by responders was resistant to the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, coincided with transfer of a PKH26 lipophilic dye from APC to responders, and resulted in the expression of syngeneic and allogeneic MHC glycoproteins on responders. Unlike rested I-A- T cell clones, rat thymic and splenic T cells expressed readily detectable levels of class II MHC glycoproteins. When preactivated with mitogens, naive T cells acquired APC-derived MHC class II molecules and other membrane-associated proteins when cultured with xenogeneic APC in the absence of Ag. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that APC donate membrane-bound peptide/MHC complexes to Ag-specific T cell responders by a mechanism associated with the induction of tolerance.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism
- Antigens, Heterophile/immunology
- Antigens, Heterophile/metabolism
- Cell Communication/immunology
- Cell Line, Transformed/transplantation
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/biosynthesis
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interphase/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mitogens/pharmacology
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Peptides/immunology
- Peptides/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Thymus Gland/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Patel DM, Rhodes PG, LeBlanc MH, Graves GR, Glick C, Morrison J. Role of postnatal penicillin prophylaxis in prevention of neonatal group B streptococcus infection. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88:874-9. [PMID: 10503688 DOI: 10.1080/08035259950168810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
This prospective study was designed to identify the role of postnatal penicillin prophylaxis in the prevention of neonatal group B streptococcus (GBS) infection. We studied 10 998 infants. Of these, 5389 were in the penicillin prophylaxis group (PP) and 5609 infants did not receive penicillin prophylaxis (NPP). Infants were allocated to treatment by month of birth, alternating 3-mo blocks or 2-mo blocks to the two groups after the first block was randomly assigned. The use of PP reduced the incidence of clinical sepsis (1.7% PP versus 2.5% NPP, p < 0.01), GBS infection (0.4% PP versus 0.9% NPP, p < 0.001) and deaths from sepsis (0.1% PP versus 0.3% NPP, p < 0.05). We conclude that the routine use of postnatal penicillin prophylaxis appears to be effective in reducing the incidence of clinical sepsis and death from sepsis in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA.
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Abstract
We studied the immunogenic response to hepatitis B vaccine of infants weighing < or = 1500 gm at birth. Infants were divided into two groups: those weighing < or = 1000 gm (n = 22) and those weighing 1001 to 1501 gm (n = 28). When immunized early (3 days of age, n = 25), these infants had a response rate (defined as antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen titer > 10 mIU/ml) of 68%, whereas when the first vaccine was given at 1 month of age (n = 25), a 96% response rate was noted, irrespective of birth weight and weight at the time of immunization (p < 0.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA
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LeBlanc MH, Li XQ, Huang M, Patel DM, Smith EE. AMPA antagonist LY293558 does not affect the severity of hypoxic-ischemic injury in newborn pigs. Stroke 1995; 26:1908-14; discussion 1914-5. [PMID: 7570747 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.26.10.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE LY293558 is a systemically active alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) excitatory amino acid antagonist. AMPA antagonists have shown promise in several adult hypoxic-ischemic brain injury models, and we wanted to see if this work could be extended to a newborn animal. METHODS Seventy-six (beta error < .10) 0- to 3-day-old piglets under 1.5% isoflurane anesthesia underwent placement of carotid snares and arterial and venous catheters. While paralyzed with succinylcholine under 0.5% isoflurane, 50% nitrous oxide, piglets were randomly assigned to receive either 5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg of LY293558 or saline at time--10 minutes and again 10 hours later. At time 0, both carotid arteries were clamped, and blood was withdrawn to reduce the blood pressure to two thirds of normal. At time 15 minutes, inspired oxygen was reduced to 6%. At time 30 minutes, the carotid snares were released, the withdrawn blood was reinfused, and the oxygen was switched to 100%. On the third day after the hypoxic-ischemic injury, the animals were killed by perfusion of the brain with 10% formalin. Brain pathology was scored by a blinded observer. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the drug-treated and control groups. CONCLUSIONS The systemically active AMPA antagonist LY293558, when given at a dose of 5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg before injury and 10 hours later, does not affect the severity of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in newborn piglets. Neither AMPA receptor activity nor NMDA receptor activity are important in brain injury in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H LeBlanc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson 39216-4505, USA
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Patel DM, Leblanc MH, Morrison JC, Graves GR, Glick CG, Martin JN, Rhodes PG, Chauhan SP. Postnatal penicillin prophylaxis and the incidence of group B streptococcal sepsis in neonates. South Med J 1994; 87:1117-20. [PMID: 7973895 DOI: 10.1097/00007611-199411000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective chart review of infants, born over a 3-year period, who had positive urine latex agglutination and/or positive blood culture for group B streptococci (GBS). Infants routinely received intramuscular aqueous penicillin for the first half of the study period, and no penicillin was given for the subsequent 18 months. Overall, infants who received penicillin prophylaxis had a decreased incidence of clinical sepsis and positive blood culture for GBS (4.8/1,000 versus 8/1,000 and 1.3/1,000 versus 5.4/1,000, respectively). The incidence of GBS sepsis during the time of penicillin prophylaxis was not different from that in previously reported studies. When analyzed by weight groups, no difference in clinical sepsis or positive blood cultures for GBS was seen in the subset of infants weighing < or = 2,500 g at birth. There were fewer positive blood cultures in the infants who received penicillin and met the criteria for clinical sepsis. Mortality from GBS sepsis was unchanged during these two study periods in all weight groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical School, Jackson 39216-4505
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Abstract
The effect of diabetes in pregnancy on leucine turnover and oxidation was examined in 12 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) subjects and 12 gestationally diabetic (GDM) subjects during the third trimester of pregnancy. The data were compared with those in normal pregnant women studied during the same time period and reported previously. Eight of the IDDM subjects were on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump), and four were on conventional twice-daily insulin treatment. Of the GDM group, seven were on insulin therapy and five were on dietary management. Leucine kinetics were quantified using [1-13C]leucine tracer in combination with respiratory calorimetry and measurement of lean body mass using the H2[18O] dilution method. In addition, glucose kinetics were measured in insulin-treated subjects using [6,6(2)H2]glucose tracer. Despite rigorous metabolic control, fasting plasma glucose (IDDM 5.5 +/- 1.9 mmol/L [P < .05], GDM 4.7 +/- 1.3 [P < .01], controls 3.6 +/- .6, mean +/- SD) and hemoglobin A1 ([HbA1] IDDM 7.9 +/- 1.9%, GDM 7.5% +/- 2.1%) levels were higher in diabetic subjects. Although total insulin levels were higher in insulin-treated diabetic subjects, free-insulin concentrations were similar in all groups. Rates of excretion of urinary urea nitrogen and respiratory quotients were also similar. The rate of glucose turnover was lower in insulin-treated subjects compared with normals. Leucine flux, a measure of the rate of protein breakdown, and leucine oxidation were higher in IDDM and insulin-treated GDM subjects. The rate of leucine oxidation was increased in conventionally managed IDDM and insulin-treated GDM subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Kalhan
- Perinatal Emphasis Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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36
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Patel DM, Nelms DK. Demographic data of the neonatal intensive care population of a county hospital in Texas. Tex Med 1993; 89:75-82. [PMID: 8420032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality associated with neonatal intensive care affect strongly the socioeconomic aspect of the health-care system. A retrospective study of the neonatal intensive care population at a county hospital in Texas showed that most deaths were related to nontreatable causes. Prematurity was a major cause both of increased mortality and morbidity. Although improved management of a premature infant with hyaline membrane disease using artificial surfactant improved survival, this treatment did not change the morbidity. The incidence of morbidity was related directly to the degree of prematurity. Illicit drug use also had a direct correlation with infants who had low birth weights. Overall, the mortality and morbidity data were consistent with incidence data reported nationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Patel
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216-4505
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37
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Patel DM, Mehta VM, Deshpande LV, Patel AV, Nigam R, Shah RG. Episodic release of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in Surti and Marwari bucks younger than one year of age. Theriogenology 1992; 38:535-43. [PMID: 16727156 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(92)90073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/1991] [Accepted: 06/02/1992] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the episodic release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in Surti (n=2) and Marwari (n=2) bucks younger than one year of age (6 to 8 months) were carried out by collecting blood plasma during the breeding season. The studies revealed that definite pulsatile releases of LH and testosterone occur in both breeds of bucks. The overall number of LH and testosterone pluses over a 24 hour period was 9.1+/-1.00 and 7.5+/-0.28, respectively. The peak, basal and mean LH and testosterone concentrations did not show significant differences between the two breeds. The duration and interval of LH and testosterone pulses differed during light and dark hours. The time interval between LH peak followed by the testosterone peak was significantly (P<0.05) longer during the night than the day hours for both the breeds. The physiological basis of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Patel
- Reproductive Biology Research Unit Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Gujarat Agricultural University Anand 388 110, India
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38
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Sezhiyan T, Yang DC, Fabila J, Patel DM, Giovanniello J. Obstruction of the iliac veins due to markedly distended urinary bladder demonstrated by radionuclide venography. A case report. Clin Nucl Med 1990; 15:787-9. [PMID: 2292149 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-199011000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An unusual case of obstruction of the iliac veins by a markedly distended urinary bladder (UB) is presented. Initial radionuclide venography (RNV) was positive, revealing obstruction of the iliac veins associated with marked dilatation of the UB. After the UB was emptied, RNV was negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sezhiyan
- Department of Radiology, Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11215
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39
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Jain CU, Yang DC, Patel DM, Gudi KA, Giovanniello J. Cutaneous fistula communicating with the hip in a patient with a painful total hip prosthesis. Demonstration by radionuclide arthrography. Clin Nucl Med 1988; 13:820-2. [PMID: 3233869 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-198811000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide arthrography is becoming increasingly useful in the evaluation of femoral component loosening in patients with a painful total hip prosthesis. Additional potential advantages of radionuclide arthrography include detection of abnormal communications with the hip, such as bursae, abscess cavities, and fistulas. A case of cutaneous fistula communicating with the hip in a patient with loosening and infection of the femoral component of the total hip prosthesis that is clearly demonstrated by radionuclide arthrography is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C U Jain
- Department of Radiology, Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11215
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40
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Shikary ZK, Betrabet SS, Patel ZM, Patel S, Joshi JV, Toddywala VS, Toddywala SP, Patel DM, Jhaveri K, Saxena BN. ICMR task force study on hormonal contraception. Transfer of levonorgestrel (LNG) administered through different drug delivery systems from the maternal circulation into the newborn infant's circulation via breast milk. Contraception 1987; 35:477-86. [PMID: 3113823 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(87)90084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of levonorgestrel (LNG) from the maternal plasma via breast milk to the infant was studied in 38 fully lactating and breast-feeding women at 4-6 weeks postpartum, for a duration of 28 days. These volunteers were provided with LNG contraceptive treatment delivered through three, different routes of drug delivery system: (i) intrauterine devices impregnated with LNG (LNG-IUD); (ii) subdermal implant (Norplant (R)-2); and (iii) minipills (LNG 30 micrograms daily). On the first day after either the LNG-IUD (n = 14 women) or Norplant (R)-2 (n = 14 women) insertion, the maternal blood and breast milk samples were collected at 2, 4 and 8 hourly intervals. This was followed by daily collection of these samples as well as infant's blood from days 2 to 4 and thereafter on days 7, 14 and 28. For infant's blood samples from LNG minipill users (n = 10 women), only a single 4-hour sample was collected on the first day and no samples were collected on days 3 and 4. The rest of the schedule for collection of maternal blood and breast milk as well as infant's blood samples were the same in minipill users as for the other two treatment groups. The study revealed a lower LNG percentage transfer from maternal sera to breast milk--11.8 +/- 2, 7 +/- 2 and 8 +/- 1 and relatively higher percentage LNG transfer from breast milk to infant's sera--75 +/- 17, 68 +/- 20 and 32 +/- 3, in LNG-IUD, Norplant (R)-2 and minipill users, respectively. Therefore, LNG contraceptive steroid is transferred into the infant's circulation, the biological significance of which remains to be established.
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41
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Shikary ZK, Betrabet SS, Toddywala WS, Patel DM, Datey S, Saxena BN. Pharmacodynamic effects of levonorgestrel (LNG) administered either orally or subdermally to early postpartum lactating mothers on the urinary levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in their breast-fed male infants. Contraception 1986; 34:403-12. [PMID: 3096635 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(86)90092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacodynamic effect of levonorgestrel (LNG) present in small amounts in infant's circulation has not yet been studied adequately. In our present study, nine women were taking oral minipills (LNG 30 micrograms daily) and 10 were using subdermal implants, Norplant(R)-2, during early postpartum period from four weeks to 15 weeks. These were healthy lactating women in age group 20 to 35 yrs, who had full-term normal delivery of male infants. Daily 4-hour urine samples (from 8 AM to 12 noon) were collected from four weeks onwards to 15 weeks for estimations by radioimmunoassays of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) levels. No significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were found between geometric means of the total area under curve at weekly intervals for FSH, LH and T hormones between the male infants from control group (n=10) when compared with oral minipill or Norplant(R)-2 users. These results are reassuring for future sexual growth and development of children who are exposed to contraceptive steroids during their infancy; however, they do require further confirmation by long-term epidemiological studies incorporating monitoring and surveillance of such children.
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Gould L, Gopalaswamy C, Yang D, Patel DM, Kim BS, Patel C. Value of radionuclide angiogram for the diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly. Angiology 1984; 35:785-9. [PMID: 6507945 DOI: 10.1177/000331978403501206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A radionuclide angiogram in a patient with Ebstein's anomaly showed a very dilated right atrium with a minimally enlarged right ventricle and a normal sized left ventricle. This study led to the establishment of a definitive diagnosis by means of an echocardiogram. Late close of the tricuspid valve was demonstrated. In addition prolapse of the tricuspid and mitral valves was documented. A tricuspid valve prolapse has never been reported in this condition.
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43
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Patel DM, Rhodes PG. Effects of insulin and hydrocortisone on lung tissue phosphatidyl choline and disaturated phosphatidyl choline in fetal rabbits in vivo. Diabetologia 1984; 27:478-81. [PMID: 6391991 DOI: 10.1007/bf00273915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of insulin and hydrocortisone on lung tissue surfactant, the fetuses of New Zealand White rabbits were injected with insulin, saline (0.154 mol/l), insulin+hydrocortisone, insulin+saline or saline+hydrocortisone, or were sham-operated on day 27 of gestation. Twenty-four hours later (on day 28 of gestation) delivery was accomplished by Caesarian hysterectomy. The lung tissues were analysed for phosphatidyl choline and disaturated phosphatidyl choline. Both were higher in fetuses injected with insulin than in sham-operated control animals. The phosphatidyl choline and disaturated phosphatidyl choline were also higher in the fetuses injected with insulin+hydrocortisone than in fetuses injected with insulin or hydrocortisone alone. These results suggest that insulin increases the phosphatidyl choline and disaturated phosphatidyl choline content in lung tissue in fetal rabbits in vivo, and that in the presence of hydrocortisone, insulin appears to have an additive effect.
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Rhodes PG, Graves GR, Patel DM, Campbell SB, Blumenthal BI. Minimizing pneumothorax and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated infants with hyaline membrane disease. J Pediatr 1983; 103:634-7. [PMID: 6620026 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(83)80604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
57 newborn infants delivered by planned, repeat cesarian section were studied to determine the role of surfactant in transient neonatal respiratory distress. 22.8% of the newborn infants studied had transient tachypnea of the newborn. The mean amniotic fluid lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) was 2.8 in normal infants and 2.6 in infants with transient tachypnea. The mean gastric aspirate L/S at the time of delivery was 3.0 in the normal infants and 2.7 in infants with transient tachypnea. There were no statistically significant differences in either amniotic fluid L/S or gastric aspirate L/S. Based on these results we speculate that, despite altered lung mechanics in neonates with transient tachypnea, lung maturity as determined by L/S ratio does not differ from that of normal neonates.
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46
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Won CM, Zalipsky JJ, Patel DM, Grim WM. Novel method of derivatization of an amidinourea (lidamidine) for GLC analysis. J Pharm Sci 1982; 71:359-61. [PMID: 7069600 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600710327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A new quantitative GLC method for analysis of lidamidine hydrochloride (I) was developed. The method was based on derivatization of I to 1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-methylamino-dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-one (II) using dimethylformamide dimethylacetal reagent. Compound II was synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The assigned structure was in agreement with characterization analyses. Cyclization of I to a triazinone using dimethylformamide dimethylacetal reagent presented a new route for the preparation of II.
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47
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Galante RN, Egoville JC, Visalli AJ, Patel DM. Simultaneous GLC analysis of aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates in pharmaceutical tablet formulations. J Pharm Sci 1981; 70:167-9. [PMID: 7205221 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600700213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates in buffered and plain tablet formulations employing nearly nonaqueous extraction is described. The results obtained compare favorably with those obtained from USP procedures. A simultaneous assay for aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates in buffered tablets involves the use of an acidified chromatographic siliceous earth column for the separation of the aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates from various buffers or antacids. The methods described here have definite advantages over USP XX procedures, and the buffered aspirin tablet procedures also is adaptable to aspirin formulations containing codeine, acetaminophen, propoxyphene, caffeine, and many antihistamines.
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48
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Abstract
A nonsolvolytic (solid-state) acetylation of codeine phosphate in the presence of aspirin to yield acetylcodeine phosphate is reported. GLC assays for the simultaneous determination of aspirin and salicylic acid and codeine and acetylcodeine are described. The apparent heat of activation for codeine phosphate is estimated, and the possible reaction mechanisms are discussed.
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49
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Luber JR, Visalli AJ, Patel DM. Modified USP assay for simultaneous determination of aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates in aspirin and buffered aspirin tablets. J Pharm Sci 1979; 68:780-2. [PMID: 458583 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600680630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Modified USP procedures are described for the simultaneous determination of nonaspirin salicylates and aspirin in aspirin and buffered aspirin tablets. The existing USP procedures are not stability indicating for intact aspirin when significant levels of nonaspirin salicylates are present, as is often the case in short-term, high temperature stability programs. The modified procedures yeld considerably shorter analysis times and stability-indicating assays for intact aspirin without the need for sophisticated equipment other than that presently required by USP XIX.
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50
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Mattoo AK, Dandekar AM, Trivedi JP, Majmudar GH, Patel DM. Regulation of Neurospora crassa nucleosidases by some environmental factors. Z Allg Mikrobiol 1979; 19:253-60. [PMID: 231866 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630190404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enzymic cleavage of N-glycosidic bonds of AMP, GMP, and inosine by the cell-free extracts of Neurospora crassa has been studied. The enzymic activities with these substrates appear to be discrete from one another. The levels of these enzymes in the cell vary with age, and are dependent upon the inoculum size, aeration rate, and phosphate level in the medium. Glucose (or ribose) controls the phosphate-mediated repression of all the three nucleosidases of this fungus.
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