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Shimbo D, Cohen MT, McGoldrick M, Ensari I, Diaz KM, Fu J, Duran AT, Zhao S, Suls JM, Burg MM, Chaplin WF. Translational Research of the Acute Effects of Negative Emotions on Vascular Endothelial Health: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032698. [PMID: 38690710 PMCID: PMC11179860 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Provoked anger is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease events. The underlying mechanism linking provoked anger as well as other core negative emotions including anxiety and sadness to cardiovascular disease remain unknown. The study objective was to examine the acute effects of provoked anger, and secondarily, anxiety and sadness on endothelial cell health. METHODS AND RESULTS Apparently healthy adult participants (n=280) were randomized to an 8-minute anger recall task, a depressed mood recall task, an anxiety recall task, or an emotionally neutral condition. Pre-/post-assessments of endothelial health including endothelium-dependent vasodilation (reactive hyperemia index), circulating endothelial cell-derived microparticles (CD62E+, CD31+/CD42-, and CD31+/Annexin V+) and circulating bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+/CD133+/kinase insert domain receptor+ endothelial progenitor cells and CD34+/kinase insert domain receptor+ endothelial progenitor cells) were measured. There was a group×time interaction for the anger versus neutral condition on the change in reactive hyperemia index score from baseline to 40 minutes (P=0.007) with a mean±SD change in reactive hyperemia index score of 0.20±0.67 and 0.50±0.60 in the anger and neutral conditions, respectively. For the change in reactive hyperemia index score, the anxiety versus neutral condition group by time interaction approached but did not reach statistical significance (P=0.054), and the sadness versus neutral condition group by time interaction was not statistically significant (P=0.160). There were no consistent statistically significant group×time interactions for the anger, anxiety, and sadness versus neutral condition on endothelial cell-derived microparticles and endothelial progenitor cells from baseline to 40 minutes. CONCLUSIONS In this randomized controlled experimental study, a brief provocation of anger adversely affected endothelial cell health by impairing endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Shimbo
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | | | | | - Ipek Ensari
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Keith M Diaz
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Jie Fu
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Andrea T Duran
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Jerry M Suls
- Institute for Health System Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research/Northwell Health New York NY USA
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Song Y, Huang Y, Zhou F, Ding J, Zhou W. Macrophage-targeted nanomedicine for chronic diseases immunotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bazban-Shotorbani S, Gavins F, Kant K, Dufva M, Kamaly N. A Biomicrofluidic Screening Platform for Dysfunctional Endothelium‐Targeted Nanoparticles and Therapeutics. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salime Bazban-Shotorbani
- Department of Health Technology DTU Health Tech Technical University of Denmark Lyngby 2800 Kgs. Denmark
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH) Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Felicity Gavins
- Department of Life Sciences Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM) Brunel University London London UB8 3PH UK
| | - Krishna Kant
- Department of Physical Chemistry Biomedical Research Center of Galicia (CINBIO) University of Vigo Vigo 36310 Spain
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology DTU Health Tech Technical University of Denmark Lyngby 2800 Kgs. Denmark
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH) Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
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Fu Y, Zhou JD, Sang XY, Zhao QT. Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction protects against type II diabetes with acute myocardial ischemia by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:161-169. [PMID: 33781449 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction has a long history of medical use for treating cardiovascular diseases in China. In this study, we investigated the protective effect and underlying mechanisms GXB in type II diabetes with acute myocardial ischemia (T2DM-AMI) rats. We hypothesized that GXB may display its protective effect on T2DM-AMI by reducing endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) apoptosisviaactivating PI3K (phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase)/Akt (serine/threonine protein kinase B)/eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) signaling. Rats were challenged with a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to induce a model of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary ligation to induce acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Changes in metabolites were assessed via enzyme-linked immunoassay and biochemical examination. The number and apoptosis rate of EPCs in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Target mRNAs and proteins in EPCs were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that GXB treatment decreased T2DM-AMI-associated changes in plasma fasting blood glucose, muscular enzymes, and blood lipids, and reduced oxidative stress. Furthermore, EPC apoptosis was increased in T2DM-AMI rats and was associated with decreased mRNA and protein levels of PI3K, Akt, and eNOS compared to the controls. Conversely, T2DM-AMI rats treated with GXB exhibited more circulating EPCs and downregulated levels of cell apoptosis, combined with increased mRNA and protein levels of PI3K, Akt, and eNOS compared to those of untreated T2DM-AMI rats. Our study showed that GXB treatment mitigated EPC apoptosis and promoted PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling in T2DM-AMI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ji-Dong Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qi-Tao Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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5
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Proteomic Profiling Reveals the Molecular Changes of Insomnia Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6685929. [PMID: 33511209 PMCID: PMC7822674 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6685929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Insomnia is an economic burden and public health problem. This study is aimed at exploring potential biological pathways and protein networks for insomnia characterized by wakefulness after sleep. Method Proteomics analysis was performed in the insomnia group with wakefulness and the control group. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were enriched; then, hub proteins were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and verified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Results Compared with the control group, the sleep time and efficiency of insomnia patients were decreased, and awakening time and numbers after sleep onset were significantly increased (P < 0.001). The results of proteomic sequencing found 68 DEPs in serum under 1.2-fold changed standard. These DEPs were significantly enriched in humoral immune response, complement and coagulation cascades, and cholesterol metabolism. Through the PPI network, we identified 10 proteins with the highest connectivity as hub proteins. Among them, the differential expression of 9 proteins was verified by PRM. Conclusion We identified the hub proteins and molecular mechanisms of insomnia patients characterized by wakefulness after sleep. It provided potential molecular targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of these patients and indicated that the immune and metabolic systems may be closely related to insomnia characterized by wakefulness after sleep.
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Fasting Therapy Contributes to the Improvement of Endothelial Function and Decline in Vascular Injury-Related Markers in Overweight and Obese Individuals via Activating Autophagy of Endothelial Progenitor Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3576030. [PMID: 32802124 PMCID: PMC7403908 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3576030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background High body mass index- (BMI-) related vascular injury contributes to the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Rigorous calorie restriction is one of the major lifestyle interventions to reduce vascular risk in overweight or obese individuals. However, the effects of fasting therapy (FT) on vascular function and the mechanism are still unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of FT on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and circulating arterial damage parameters in overweight and obese individuals and possible mechanism. Methods Overweight and obese individuals participated in FT intervention (7-day very low calorie diet). Arterial function including brachial arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), vascular injury-related markers including trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and leptin and endothelial microparticles (EMPs) were assessed. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) of these participants were isolated and cultured to investigate EPCs function. mRFP-GFP-LC3 confocal microscopy scanning and western blot were carried out to determine autophagy. Results After FT, body weight and BMI significantly decreased (81.76 ± 12.04 vs. 77.51 ± 12.06 kg, P < 0.01; 29.93 ± 2.82 vs. 28.47 ± 2.83 kg/m2, P < 0.01). FT remarkably improved FMD (5.26 ± 1.34 vs. 6.25 ± 1.60%, P=0.01) while baPWV kept unchanged. TMAO and leptin levels decreased (3.96 ± 1.85 vs. 2.73 ± 1.33 μmol/L, P=0.044; 6814 ± 2639 vs. 3563 ± 2668 μmol/L, P < 0.01). EMPs showed a decreased tendency. EPCs function was significantly improved, autophagy fluorescence intensity was enhanced, and the level of Beclin1, Atg5, LC3 II/I also increased after starvation in vitro, and the effects were blocked by autophagy inhibitor. Conclusions Our present study demonstrated for the first time that FT markedly improves endothelial function and reduces the levels of arterial injury markers through improving EPCs function via activating autophagy. These findings provide a novel insight into FT as a lifestyle intervention strategy to promote the maintenance of vascular homeostasis in overweight or obese individuals. The trial was registered with ChiCTR1900024290.
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Perrotta P, Pintelon I, de Vries MR, Quax PHA, Timmermans JP, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W. Three-Dimensional Imaging of Intraplaque Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Advanced Atherosclerosis. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:348-354. [PMID: 32610324 DOI: 10.1159/000508449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence suggest that intraplaque (IP) neovascularization promotes atherosclerotic plaque growth, destabilization, and rupture. However, pharmacological inhibition of IP neovascularization remains largely unexplored due to the limited number of animal models that develop IP neovessels and the lack of reliable methods for visualizing IP angiogenesis. Here, we applied 3D confocal microscopy with an optimized tissue-clearing process, immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs, to visualize IP neovessels in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice carrying a heterozygous mutation (C1039+/-) in the fibrillin-1 gene. Unlike regular ApoE-/- mice, this mouse model is characterized by the presence of advanced plaques with evident IP neovascularization. Plaques were stained with antibodies against endothelial marker CD31 for 3 days, followed by incubation with fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies. Subsequent tissue clearing with dichloromethane (DCM)/methanol, DCM, and dibenzyl ether allowed easy visualization and 3D reconstruction of the IP vascular network while plaque morphology remained intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perrotta
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,
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Li G, Li J, Gao F. Exercise and Cardiovascular Protection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1228:205-216. [PMID: 32342460 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that exercise training not only reduces cardiovascular disease risk but also provides direct endogenous cardiovascular protection. The mechanisms that have been proposed to be responsible for exercise-induced cardioprotection include intrinsic myocardial changes such as increased cytosolic antioxidant capacity and altered mitochondrial phenotype, myokine-mediated metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular system, and systemic effects on the cardiovascular system via interorgan cross talk. There remains much to be elucidated in the mechanisms for exercise-afforded cardioprotection. This chapter reviews exercise-induced acute and chronic responses in cardiovascular system, the epidemiological evidence of exercise training and cardiorespiratory fitness in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and the current understanding of the mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Zhao Q, Yang H, Liu F, Luo J, Zhao Q, Li X, Yang Y. Naringenin Exerts Cardiovascular Protective Effect in a Palmitate‐Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Injury Model via Autophagy Flux Improvement. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900601. [PMID: 31622021 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
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Liao S, Han L, Zheng X, Wang X, Zhang P, Wu J, Liu R, Fu Y, Sun J, Kang X, Liu K, Fan TP, Li S, Zheng X. Tanshinol borneol ester, a novel synthetic small molecule angiogenesis stimulator inspired by botanical formulations for angina pectoris. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3143-3160. [PMID: 31116880 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tanshinol borneol ester (DBZ) is a novel synthetic compound derived from Dantonic® , a botanical drug approved in 26 countries outside the United States for angina pectoris and currently undergoing FDA Phase III clinical trial. Here, we investigated the angiogenic effects of (S)-DBZ and (R)-DBZ isomers in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A network pharmacology approach was used to predict molecular targets of DBZ. The effects of DBZ isomers on proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human endothelial cells were assessed. For in vivo approaches, the transgenic Tg (vegfr2:GFP) zebrafish and C57BL/6 mouse Matrigel plug models were used. ELISA and western blots were used to quantitate the release and expression of relevant target molecules and signalling pathways. KEY RESULTS DBZ produced a biphasic modulation on proliferation and migration of three types of human endothelial cells. Both DBZ isomers induced tube formation in Matrigel assay and a 12-day co-culture model in vitro. Moreover, DBZ promoted Matrigel neovascularization in mice and partially reversed the vascular disruption in zebrafish induced by PTK787. Mechanistically, DBZ enhanced the cellular levels of VEGF, VEGFR2, and MMP-9, as well as activating Akt and MAPK signalling in endothelial cells. Selective inhibition of PI3K and MEK significantly attenuated its angiogenic effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data reveal, for the first time, that DBZ promotes multiple key steps of angiogenesis, at least in part through Akt and MAPK signalling pathways, and suggest it may be potentially developed further for treating myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Angiogenesis and Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liwen Han
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiaopu Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingni Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Youlan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ximeng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Angiogenesis and Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Berberine-Promoted CXCR4 Expression Accelerates Endothelial Repair Capacity of Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Persons with Prehypertension. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:897-904. [PMID: 30341486 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the berberine treatment can improve endothelial repair capacity of early endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from prehypertensive subjects through increasing CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling. METHODS EPCs were isolated from prehypertensive and healthy subjects and cultured. In vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs from prehypertensive patients with or without in vitro berberine treatment was examined in a nude mouse model of carotid artery injury. The protein expressions of CXCR4/Janus kinase-2 (JAK-2) signaling of in vitro EPCs were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS CXCR4 signaling and alteration in migration and adhesion functions of EPCs were evaluated. Basal CXCR4 expression was significantly reduced in EPCs from prehypertensive patients compared with normal subjects (P<0.01). Also, the phosphorylation of JAK-2 of EPCs, a CXCR4 downstream signaling, was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Berberine promoted CXCR4/JAK-2 signaling expression of in vitro EPCs (P<0.01). Transplantation of EPCs pretreated with berberine markedly accelerated in vivo reendothelialization (P<0.01). The increased in vitro function and in vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs were inhibited by CXCR4 neutralizing antibody or pretreatment with JAK-2 inhibitor AG490, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Berberinemodified EPCs via up-regulation of CXCR4 signaling contributes to enhanced endothelial repair capacity in prehypertension, indicating that berberine may be used as a novel potential primary prevention means against prehypertension-related atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Wang H, Yang Y, Sun X, Tian F, Guo S, Wang W, Tian Z, Jin H, Zhang Z, Tian Y. Sonodynamic therapy-induced foam cells apoptosis activates the phagocytic PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1 pathway and promotes cholesterol efflux in advanced plaque. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:4969-4984. [PMID: 30429880 PMCID: PMC6217053 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In advanced atherosclerotic plaques, defective efferocytosis of apoptotic foam cells and decreased cholesterol efflux contribute to lesion progression. In our previous study, we demonstrated that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) could induce foam cells apoptosis via the mitochondrial-caspase pathway. In the current research, we sought to explore ALA-SDT-induced apoptosis of phagocytes and the effects of cholesterol efflux and efferocytosis in advanced apoE-/- mice plaque. Methods: apoE-/- mice fed western diet were treated with ALA-SDT and sacrificed at day 1, day 3, day 7 and day 28 post treatment. THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells were treated with ALA-SDT. 5 hours later, the supernatant was collected and added to fresh foam cells (phagocytes). Then, the lipid area, efferocytosis, cholesterol efflux, anti-inflammatory reactions and PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1 pathway were detected in plaque in vivo and in phagocytes in vitro. Results: We found that ALA-SDT induced foam cells apoptosis coupled with efferocytosis and upregulation of Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) both in vivo and in vitro. The lipid content in plaque decreased as early as 1 day after ALA-SDT and this tendency persisted until 28 days. The enhancement of phagocytes cholesterol efflux was accompanied by an approximately 40% decrease in free cholesterol and a 24% decrease in total cholesterol in vitro. More importantly, anti-inflammatory factors such as TGFβ and IL-10 were upregulated by ALA-SDT treatment. Finally, we found that PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1 pathway was activated both in vivo and in vitro by ALA-SDT, which could be blocked by PPARγ siRNA. Conclusions: Activation of PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1 pathway induced by ALA-SDT treatment engages a virtuous cycle that enhances efferocytosis, cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory reactions in advanced plaque in vivo and in phagocytes in vitro.
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Neovascularization of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque and Quantitative Methods of Its Dynamic Assessment in Vivo. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:521-525. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Is age an important factor for vascular response to statin therapy? A serial optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound study. Coron Artery Dis 2018; 28:209-217. [PMID: 28059849 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-related structural and functional changes in vessel wall may affect the time course of vascular response to statin therapy. In this study, we sought to compare the response of lipid-rich plaque to statin therapy in elderly versus younger patients using optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-nine patients who underwent serial optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound at the time point of baseline, 6, and 12 months were divided into two groups according to median age: group A (age<57 years, n=35) and group B (age≥57 years, n=34). Patients were treated with intensive (atorvastatin 60 mg/day) or moderate (atorvastatin 20 mg/day or rosuvastatin 10 mg/day) statin therapy. RESULTS A continuous increase in fibrous-cap thickness (FCT) from baseline to 12 months was observed in both groups (P<0.001, <0.001, respectively). Intensive statin induced greater percent change in FCT at 12 months than moderate statin in group B (P=0.020), but not in group A (P=0.251). Mean lipid arc decreased significantly at 12 months in two groups (P<0.001, <0.001, respectively), and this response was delayed for 6 months (P=0.403) and began to decrease during the second 6 months (P<0.001) in group B. Normalized total atheroma volume decreased significantly in group A (P<0.001), but not in group B (P=0.349). CONCLUSION Statin therapy could stabilize lipid-rich plaque irrespective of age, and intensive statin therapy was more effective than a moderate dose of statin in increasing FCT, particularly in older patients. A delayed response of lipid content and unfavorable change in normalized total atheroma volume to statin were observed in elderly patients.
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Fu N, Li H, Sun J, Xun L, Gao D, Zhao Q. Trichosanthes pericarpium Aqueous Extract Enhances the Mobilization of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Up-regulates the Expression of VEGF, eNOS, NO, and MMP-9 in Acute Myocardial Ischemic Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1132. [PMID: 29387016 PMCID: PMC5776143 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichosanthes pericarpium (TP) had been widely used to cure patients of cardiovascular disease for 2,000 years in China. This study aims to extend our previous work to explore the mechanism underlying the protective effect of TP on acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). We hypothesized that TP may display its protective effect on AMI by promoting the mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) via up-regulating the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide syntheses (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in AMI rats. To confirm this hypothesis, we treated AMI model rats with intragastrical administration of TP aqueous extract (TPAE), and examined both changes in the number of CEPC, and the expression levels of VEGF, eNOS, NO, and MMP-9 in myocardial tissue and their plasma content in these rats. Rats in each group were randomly divided into seven subgroups. From day 1 to 7 following AMI modeling, rats in these subgroups was sequentially phlebotomized from their celiac artery after being anesthetized by chloral hydrate. We found that, compared with the AMI model rats, in rats treated by TPAE, the CEPC counts, the expression of VEGF, eNOS, NO, and MMP-9 in myocardial tissue and their plasma content all increased more rapidly 7 days after AMI and remained at higher level (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Our results showed that, in AMI rats, the TPAE could significantly promote the mobilization of EPC and up-regulate the expression level of VEGF, eNOS, NO, and MMP-9 in myocardium and their plasma content. Therefore, our results suggest that TAPE may regulate EPC mobilization through up-regulating the expression level of VEGF, eNOS, NO and MMP-9 in the myocardium of AMI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingchang Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liying Xun
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qitao Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Evdokimenko AN, Anufriev PL, Kulichenkova KN, Gulevskaya TS, Tanashyan MM. [Morphometric characteristics of neovascularization of carotid atherosclerotic plaques]. Arkh Patol 2018; 80:24-29. [PMID: 29697668 DOI: 10.17116/patol201880224-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to identify the relationship between the magnitude of neovascularization of an atherosclerotic plaque and its other processes, such as atheromatosis, macrophage responses, hemorrhages, and calcification. MATERIAL AND METHODS 48 carotid atherosclerotic plaques all their way underwent morphopathological examination, by assessing the magnitude of neovascularization (total vessel density per plague cm2; density of vessels of different diameters; localization in section), atheromatosis (a volume fraction), foam cells (a score of 0 to 5), hemorrhages (a score of 0 to 4), and calcification (a score of 0 to 4). The Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation coefficient with p<0.05 were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS There was a substantial variability in vessel diameters and densities in the plaque with a drastic predominance of vessels smaller than 20 µm in diameter (69.8±14.3%). The vessels with a diameter as large as 20 µm were more frequently located in the area of accumulation of foam cells or organizing hemorrhages (p<0.03), unlike those with a diameter of more than 40 µm, which were more common in the areas of connective tissue, especially adjacent to large calcifications, and in the foci of organized hemorrhages (p<0.008). Intensified calcification was accompanied by the higher density of vessels having a diameter of more than 40 µm (p<0.038) and particularly of those with a diameter of more than 60 µm (p=0.006). The degree of hemorrhages and the number of foam cells were unrelated to the density of vessels, but these increased with their localization in the surface areas of a plaque (p=0.000342). With the increasing severity of atheromatosis, there was a decrease in the density of vessels larger than 20 µm in diameter (p=0.00042). CONCLUSION The number, diameter, and location of vessels in the plaque serve as a dynamic reflection of its destructive and reparative processes; and a larger number of vessels having a diameter of more than 40 µm can be an indicator for the activation of reparative processes.
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Detection of the Vulnerable Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque—Promises and Limitations. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-017-9427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Rogers WT, Zhang L, Welden S, Krieger B, Rickels M, Moore JS, Mohler ER. Vascular Health Profile predicts cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2017; 92:258-265. [PMID: 26566003 PMCID: PMC4866910 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the development of a novel high dimensional cytomic assay, the Vascular Health Profile (VHP) based on measurements of angiogenic circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CHSPCAng ) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), that discovered a unique signature, differentiating the vascular status of diabetics and normal healthy controls. Here, we present data from a 3-year follow-up to evaluate the power of the VHP to identify individuals at risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. METHODS The original data were generated as previously described by measuring a broad panel of progenitor cells and EVs and profiled using cytometric fingerprinting. Subjects were classified into groups according to the occurrence of adjudicated CV events including myocardial infarction, stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events, revascularization, and irregular rhythm. Cross-validated Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) models were constructed and used to predict the occurrence of events, and were evaluated for predictive accuracy (AUC, area under the curve) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Over the period of this analysis, follow-up data was obtained on 87 subjects, with 32 events occurring overall, and only in the diabetic group. In all cases, the VHP added significant predictive power, in the form of ROC analysis, for all evaluated outcomes with the exception of irregular rhythm. CONCLUSIONS The VHP, a relatively simple blood test, can provide sensitive and clinically relevant information on the vascular status of a patient that may be useful for a variety of applications including drug development, clinical risk assessment, and companion diagnostics. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade T. Rogers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Section of Vascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott Welden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Section of Vascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin Krieger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Section of Vascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Rickels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonni S. Moore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emile R. Mohler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Impact of statin therapy intensity on endothelial progenitor cells after percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic patients. The REMEDY-EPC late study. Int J Cardiol 2017; 244:112-118. [PMID: 28668399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low number (that is, ≤0.0038 per 100 peripheral mononuclear cells) of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) is common in diabetic patients. Statins increase EPC levels. It is unclear whether intensity of statin therapy has a different impact on EPC levels. METHODS Diabetic patients undergoing drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation were randomized to 1) High intensity statin therapy (atorvastatin 80mg/day; n=66) or 2) Moderate intensity statin therapy (atorvastatin 20mg/day; n=64). EPC levels were assessed at baseline, 24h and 3months. Endpoints assessed at 3months were 1) changes in the proportion of patients with low EPC levels, and 2) uncovered struts rate and neointima growth evaluated by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS Low EPC levels rate significantly decreased in the High intensity statin therapy group (from 31.7% to 12.7%; p=0.017) but not in the Moderate intensity statin therapy group (from 25.5% to 21.8%; p=0.81). Uncovered struts rate was similar in the 2 groups (2.4±2.6% vs 2.3±2.2%; p=0.82), whereas mean neointima area and volume were lower in the High intensity statin therapy group (0.68±0.69 vs 1.22±1.29mm2; p=0.001; and, respectively, 13.10±5.77 vs 20.19±24.08mm3; p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS In diabetic patients, a high intensity statin therapy 1) significantly increases EPC levels and decreases in-stent neointima area and volume, and 2) does not have an impact on the degree of stent re-endothelialization at 3months after DES implantation.
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Li Z, Huang H, Huang L, Du L, Sun Y, Duan Y. Prevention of Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein-Induced Endothelial Cell Injury by DA-PLGA-PEG-cRGD Nanoparticles Combined with Ultrasound. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040815. [PMID: 28406431 PMCID: PMC5412399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In general, atherosclerosis is considered to be a form of chronic inflammation. Dexamethasone has anti-inflammatory effects in atherosclerosis, but it was not considered for long-term administration on account of a poor pharmacokinetic profile and adverse side effects. Nanoparticles in which drugs can be dissolved, encapsulated, entrapped or chemically attached to the particle surface have abilities to incorporate dexamethasone and to be used as controlled or targeted drug delivery system. Long circulatory polymeric nanoparticles present as an assisting approach for controlled and targeted release of the encapsulated drug at the atherosclerotic site. Polymeric nanoparticles combined with ultrasound (US) are widely applied in cancer treatment due to their time applications, low cost, simplicity, and safety. However, there are few studies on atherosclerosis treatment using polymeric nanoparticles combined with US. In this study, targeted dexamethasone acetate (DA)-loaded poly (lactide-glycolide)-polyethylene glycol-cRGD (PLGA-PEG-cRGD) nanoparticles (DA-PLGA-PEG-cRGD NPs) were prepared by the emulsion-evaporation method using cRGD modified PLGA-PEG polymeric materials (PLGA-PEG-cRGD) prepared as the carrier. The average particle size of DA-PLGA-PEG-cRGD NPs was 221.6 ± 0.9 nm. Morphology of the nanoparticles was spherical and uniformly dispersed. In addition, the DA released profiles suggested that ultrasound could promote drug release from the nanocarriers and accelerate the rate of release. In vitro, the cellular uptake process of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)@DA-PLGA-PEG-cRGD NPs combined with US into the damaged human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) indicated that US promoted rapid intracellular uptake of FITC@DA- PLGA-PEG-cRGD NPs. The cell viability of DA-PLGA-PEG-cRGD NPs combined with US reached 91.9% ± 0.2%, which demonstrated that DA-PLGA-PEG-cRGD NPs combined with US had a positive therapeutic effect on damaged HUVECs. Overall, DA-PLGA-PEG-cRGD NPs in combination with US may provide a promising drug delivery system to enhance the therapeutic effects of these chemotherapeutics at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Briguori C, Madonna R, Zimarino M, Calabrò P, Quintavalle C, Salomone M, Condorelli G, De Caterina R. Rosuvastatin for Reduction of Myocardial Damage during Coronary Angioplasty - the Remedy Trial. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017; 30:465-472. [PMID: 27358173 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-016-6672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) is a frequent complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Statins might reduce its incidence. The aims of the present study are to assess whether such benefit is a class-effect or whether differences exist between various lipid-lowering strategies and whether cardioprotection is exerted by increasing circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). METHODS The REMEDY study will enroll a total of 1080 patients submitted to elective PCI. Eligible patients will be randomized into 4 groups: 1) placebo; 2) atorvastatin (80 mg + 40 mg before PCI); 3) rosuvastatin (40 mg twice before PCI); and 4) rosuvastatin (5 mg) and ezetimibe (10 mg) twice before PCI. Peri-procedural MI is defined as an elevation of markers of cardiac injury (either CK-MB or troponin I or T) values >5x the upper reference limit estimated at the 99th percentile of the normal distribution, or a rise >20 % in case of baseline values already elevated. EPCs will be assessed before, at 24 h and - in a subset of diabetic patients - at 3 months after PCI (EPC-substudies). The primary endpoint of the main REMEDY study is the rate of peri-procedural MI in each of the 4 treatment arms. Secondary endpoints are the combined occurrence of 1-month major adverse events (MACE, including death, MI, or the need for unplanned revascularization); and any post-procedural increase in serum creatinine. Endpoints of the EPC-substudies are the impact of tested regimens on 1) early (24-h) and 3-month EPC levels and functional activity; 2) stent strut re-endothelialization and neointimal hyperplasia; 3) 1-year MACE. REMEDY will add important information on the cardioprotective effects of statins after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University - Chieti, C/o Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via dei Vestini, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Zimarino
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University - Chieti, C/o Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via dei Vestini, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Salomone
- Dimensione Ricerca, Milan, Italy.,ES Health Science Foundation, Lugo, Italy
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Institute of Cardiology and Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University - Chieti, C/o Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Via dei Vestini, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
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BMP4/Id2 signaling pathway is a novel therapeutic target for late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cell-mediated endothelial injury repair. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:796-804. [PMID: 27888757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a pivotal role in endothelial repair following artery injury, however, the molecular mechanism of late outgrowth EPCs (LEPCs) in endothelial repair remained to be studied. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is involved in vascular injury-mediated mobilization and homing of LEPCs. Here, we investigated the influence of BMP4-modified signaling pathway in LEPC-related endothelial repair of human and underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro, after a 28day culture, human LEPCs were pretreated with different concentrations of recombinant BMP4 (0, 10, 50, or 100ng/mL), which markedly augmented the migration and adhesion in vitro and demonstrated a significantly accelerated in vivo endothelial repair capacity of human LEPCs after transplantation into nude mice with carotid artery denudation injury. Moreover, the main Id gene (Id2), a well-characterized down-streaming target of BMP4, upregulated in LEPCs incubated with recombinant BMP4. The BMP4-induced enhancement in in vitro functional activities and in vivo endothelial repair capacity of human LEPCs were abolished by pretreatment with BMP antagonist Noggin or shRNA-mediated knockdown of BMP4 expression. Furthermore, BMP4 gene transfer remarkably activated BMP4-mediated signaling pathway and facilitated therapeutic endothelial repair capacity of LEPCs, and the improved functional activities of human LEPCs could be inhibited by Noggin. CONCLUSION Thus, the present study demonstrates for the first time that BMP4-related signaling pathway is essential with endothelial repair capacity of LEPCs in human. The upregulation of BMP4-modified signaling pathway in human LEPCs may be a novel therapeutic strategy for endothelial repair after injury.
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Ammirati E, Moroni F, Magnoni M, Di Terlizzi S, Villa C, Sizzano F, Palini A, Garlaschelli K, Tripiciano F, Scotti I, Catapano AL, Manfredi AA, Norata GD, Camici PG. Circulating CD14+ and CD14 highCD16- classical monocytes are reduced in patients with signs of plaque neovascularization in the carotid artery. Atherosclerosis 2016; 255:171-178. [PMID: 27751505 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Monocytes are known to play a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and contribute to plaque destabilization through the generation of signals that promote inflammation and neoangiogenesis. In humans, studies investigating the features of circulating monocytes in advanced atherosclerotic lesions are lacking. METHODS Patients (mean age 69 years, 56% males) with intermediate asymptomatic carotid stenosis (40-70% in diameter) were evaluated for maximal stenosis in common carotid artery, carotid bulb and internal carotid artery, overall disease burden as estimated with total plaque area (TPA), greyscale and neovascularization in 244 advanced carotid plaques. Absolute counts of circulating CD14+ monocytes, of classical (CD14highCD16-), intermediate (CD14highCD16+) and non-classical (CD14lowCD16+) monocytes and HLA-DR+ median fluorescence intensity for each subset were evaluated with flow cytometry. RESULTS No correlation was found between monocytes and overall atherosclerotic burden, nor with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) or interleukin-6 (IL-6). In contrast, plaque signs of neovascularization were associated with significantly lower counts of circulating CD14+ monocytes (297 versus 350 cells/mm3, p = 0.039) and of classical monocytes (255 versus 310 cells/mm3, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Neovascularized atherosclerotic lesions selectively associate with lower blood levels of CD14+ and CD14highCD16- monocytes independently of systemic inflammatory activity, as indicated by normal hsCRP levels. Whether the reduction of circulating CD14+ and CD14highCD16- monocytes is due to a potential redistribution of these cell types into active lesions remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ammirati
- Cardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Moroni
- Cardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Magnoni
- Cardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Di Terlizzi
- FRACTAL - Flow cytometry Resource Advanced Cytometry Technical Applications Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- FRACTAL - Flow cytometry Resource Advanced Cytometry Technical Applications Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Sizzano
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Biobanking & Flow Cytometry Core EPFL, Innovation Park Bâtiment H, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Palini
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Biobanking & Flow Cytometry Core EPFL, Innovation Park Bâtiment H, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katia Garlaschelli
- Center SISA for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Fernanda Tripiciano
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Service, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Scotti
- Department of Rheumatology, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- IRCCS - Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Unit of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Center SISA for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paolo G Camici
- Cardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
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Elshaer SL, Lorys RE, El-Remessy AB. Cell Therapy and Critical Limb Ischemia: Evidence and Window of Opportunity in Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3. [PMID: 28979948 DOI: 10.15226/2374-8354/3/1/00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Elshaer
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Renee E Lorys
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - A B El-Remessy
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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Graves KL, Vigerust DJ. Hp: an inflammatory indicator in cardiovascular disease. Future Cardiol 2016; 12:471-81. [DOI: 10.2217/fca-2016-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade significant advancement has occurred in the biological and pathological role that Hp has in cardiovascular disease. Hp is an acute-phase protein with a role in the neutralization and clearance of free heme. Iron has tremendous potential for initiating vascular oxidation, inflammation and exacerbating coronary atherosclerosis. Hp genotype has been linked as a prognostic biomarker of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, restenosis and cardiac transplant rejection. The increased understanding of Hp as a biomarker has provided new insights into the mechanisms of inflammation after cardiac injury and support the concept that Hp is not only an important antioxidant in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, but also an enhancer of inflammation in cardiac transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Vigerust
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- MyGenetx Clinical Laboratories, Franklin, TN 37067, USA
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Abstract
In Brief Prospective identification of individuals with diabetes who are at greatest risk for developing complications would have considerable public health importance by allowing appropriate resources to be focused on those who would benefit most from aggressive intervention. Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute-phase protein that is crucial for the elimination of free hemoglobin and the neutralization of oxidative damage. In the past two decades, associations have been made between polymorphisms in Hp and complications arising from diabetes. Individuals with polymorphism in Hp have been shown to have significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the current literature on the role of Hp in health and disease, with a focus on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Vigerust
- MyGenetx Clinical Laboratories, Franklin, TN
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, TN
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Li W, Zhang R, Guo J, Shao H, Yang X. Protective effect of R. glutinosa oligosaccharides against high l-carnitine diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and hepatic injury in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Quantitative analysis of the expression of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in different types of atherosclerotic lesions in the human aorta. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kovacic JC, Moreno P, Hachinski V, Nabel EG, Fuster V. Cellular senescence, vascular disease, and aging: Part 1 of a 2-part review. Circulation 2015; 123:1650-60. [PMID: 21502583 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.007021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Pellico J, Lechuga-Vieco AV, Benito M, García-Segura JM, Fuster V, Ruiz-Cabello J, Herranz F. Microwave-driven synthesis of bisphosphonate nanoparticles allows in vivo visualisation of atherosclerotic plaque. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13824d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From flask to plaque characterisation in less than 4 hours. Extremely fast detection of atherosclerosis plaque by nanoparticle-based MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pellico
- Advanced Imaging Unit
- Department of Atherothrombosis Imaging and Epidemiology
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
- 28029 Madrid
| | - A. V. Lechuga-Vieco
- Advanced Imaging Unit
- Department of Atherothrombosis Imaging and Epidemiology
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
- 28029 Madrid
| | - M. Benito
- Advanced Imaging Unit
- Department of Atherothrombosis Imaging and Epidemiology
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
- 28029 Madrid
| | - J. M. García-Segura
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
- Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n Ciudad Universitaria
- 8040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - V. Fuster
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine
- New York
- USA
| | - J. Ruiz-Cabello
- Advanced Imaging Unit
- Department of Atherothrombosis Imaging and Epidemiology
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
- 28029 Madrid
| | - F. Herranz
- Advanced Imaging Unit
- Department of Atherothrombosis Imaging and Epidemiology
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
- 28029 Madrid
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Shimizu T, Miura SI, Tanigawa H, Kuwano T, Zhang B, Uehara Y, Saku K. Rosuvastatin Activates ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1–Dependent Efflux Ex Vivo and Promotes Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Macrophage Cells in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2246-53. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Shimizu
- From the Departments of Cardiology (T.S., S.M., H.T., T.K., Y.U., K.S.), Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics (S.M., Y.U., K.S.), Biochemistry (B.Z.), and Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Disease (H.T., K.S.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Miura
- From the Departments of Cardiology (T.S., S.M., H.T., T.K., Y.U., K.S.), Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics (S.M., Y.U., K.S.), Biochemistry (B.Z.), and Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Disease (H.T., K.S.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanigawa
- From the Departments of Cardiology (T.S., S.M., H.T., T.K., Y.U., K.S.), Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics (S.M., Y.U., K.S.), Biochemistry (B.Z.), and Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Disease (H.T., K.S.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuwano
- From the Departments of Cardiology (T.S., S.M., H.T., T.K., Y.U., K.S.), Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics (S.M., Y.U., K.S.), Biochemistry (B.Z.), and Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Disease (H.T., K.S.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Bo Zhang
- From the Departments of Cardiology (T.S., S.M., H.T., T.K., Y.U., K.S.), Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics (S.M., Y.U., K.S.), Biochemistry (B.Z.), and Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Disease (H.T., K.S.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Uehara
- From the Departments of Cardiology (T.S., S.M., H.T., T.K., Y.U., K.S.), Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics (S.M., Y.U., K.S.), Biochemistry (B.Z.), and Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Disease (H.T., K.S.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keijiro Saku
- From the Departments of Cardiology (T.S., S.M., H.T., T.K., Y.U., K.S.), Molecular Cardiovascular Therapeutics (S.M., Y.U., K.S.), Biochemistry (B.Z.), and Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Disease (H.T., K.S.), Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Passos GS, Poyares D, Santana MG, Teixeira AADS, Lira FS, Youngstedt SD, dos Santos RVT, Tufik S, de Mello MT. Exercise improves immune function, antidepressive response, and sleep quality in patients with chronic primary insomnia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:498961. [PMID: 25328886 PMCID: PMC4189910 DOI: 10.1155/2014/498961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate aerobic exercise training on sleep, depression, cortisol, and markers of immune function in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Twenty-one sedentary participants (16 women aged 44.7 ± 9 years) with chronic primary insomnia completed a 4-month intervention of moderate aerobic exercise. Compared with baseline, polysomnographic data showed improvements following exercise training. Also observed were reductions in depression symptoms and plasma cortisol. Immunologic assays revealed a significant increase in plasma apolipoprotein A (140.9 ± 22 to 151.2 ± 22 mg/dL) and decreases in CD4 (915.6 ± 361 to 789.6 ± 310 mm(3)) and CD8 (532.4 ± 259 to 435.7 ± 204 mm(3)). Decreases in cortisol were significantly correlated with increases in total sleep time (r = -0.51) and REM sleep (r = -0.52). In summary, long-term moderate aerobic exercise training improved sleep, reduced depression and cortisol, and promoted significant changes in immunologic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalva Poyares
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Shawn D. Youngstedt
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, and Exercise and Wellness, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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34
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Zhao QT, Li BF, Kong H. Roles of Chinese medicine bioactive ingredients in the regulation of cellular function of endothelial progenitor cells. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:481-7. [PMID: 25053545 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To improve the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is one of the goals in Chinese traditional therapy to treat various cardio-celebrovascular diseases. In the past decades, scholars in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have found fifteen active compounds to regulate the function of EPC. These metabolites are extracted from thirteen, plant-based Chinese medicine, with majority of them as potent reductive or oxidative hydrophilic molecules containing phenyl groups. These active compounds either enhance the mobilization of EPC, or inhibit their apoptosis through different signaling pathways. In this review, the molecular structure, biophysical properties, and the plant sources of these active ingredients and their regulatory effects on the function of EPC are summarized, aiming to reveal the modern basis of Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis at the progenitor cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Tao Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Bao-Feng Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, University of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
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35
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Winchester L, Veeranki S, Givvimani S, Tyagi SC. Exercise mitigates the adverse effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on macrophages, MMP-9, skeletal muscle, and white adipocytes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:575-82. [PMID: 24923386 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise is a great medicine with its benefits encompassing everything from prevention of cardiovascular risk to alleviation of different muscular myopathies. Interestingly, elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy), also known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), antagonizes beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β2AR), gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) receptors. HHcy also stimulates an elevation of the M1/M2 macrophage ratio, resulting in a more inflammatory profile. In this review we discuss several potential targets altered by HHcy that result in myopathy and excessive fat accumulation. Several of these HHcy mediated changes can be countered by exercise and culminate into mitigation of HHcy induced myopathy and metabolic syndrome. We suggest that exercise directly impacts levels of Hcy, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), macrophages, and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs, especially Gs). While HHcy promotes the M1 macrophage phenotype, it appears that exercise may diminish the M1/M2 ratio, resulting in a less inflammatory phenotype. HHcy through its influence on GPCRs, specifically β₂AR, PPARγ and GABA receptors, promotes accumulation of white fat, whereas exercise enhances the browning of white fat and counters HHcy-mediated effects on GPCRs. Alleviation of HHcy-associated pathologies with exercise also includes reversal of excessive MMP-9 activation. Moreover, exercise, by reducing plasma Hcy levels, may prevent skeletal muscle myopathy, improve exercise capacity and rescue the obese phenotype. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathological conditions surrounding HHcy and to clarify the importance of regular exercise as a method of disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Winchester
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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36
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Zhang Q, Ma AZS, Song ZY, Wang C, Fu XD. Nifedipine enhances cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 macrophages. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 27:425-31. [PMID: 23812592 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have shown that nifedipine protects against atherosclerotic progression, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we examined if nifedipine increases macrophage cholesterol efflux, a pathway known to inhibit atherogenesis. METHODS We evaluated the ability of different doses of nifedipine to affect cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 macrophages and its relationship with mRNA and protein levels of several well-characterized proteins involved in cholesterol efflux, including ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-BI and LXRα, using quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and siRNA techniques. RESULTS Nifedipne at 1, 10, and 100 nmol/L increased apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux from 2.55 % to 5.65 %, 6.20 %, and 6.10 %, as well as HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from 31.0 % to 42.5 %, 46.0 %, and 43.5 %, respectively, in RAW264.7 macrophages (p < 0.05), which was associated with increased mRNA expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-BI, and LXRα (405 %, 381 %, 336 %; 890 %, 960 %, 1002 %; 285 %, 325 %, 336 %; 482 %, 445 %, 405 %, respectively, p < 0.05), and with increased protein levels of ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-BI, and LXRα (428 %, 492 %, 361 %; 288 %, 331 %, 365 %; 283 %, 320 %, 505 %; 581 %, 678 %, 608 %, respectively, p < 0.05). SiRNA-mediated silencing of LXRα revealed that LXRα was involved in these increases and the enhanced cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSION Nifedipine may protect against atherosclerosis partly by promoting macrophage cholesterol efflux through the stimulation of LXRα-dependent expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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37
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Cutini PH, Campelo AE, Massheimer VL. Differential regulation of endothelium behavior by progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:179-93. [PMID: 24301615 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a synthetic progestin commonly used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The aim of this research was to study and compare the effect of progesterone (Pg) and MPA on the regulation of cellular events associated with vascular homeostasis and disease. Platelet adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs), nitric oxide (NO) production, and cell migration were studied using murine ECs in vitro exposed to the progestins. After 7 min of treatment, MPA significantly inhibited NO synthesis with respect to control values; meanwhile, Pg markedly increased vasoactive production. In senile ECs, the stimulatory action of Pg decreases; meanwhile, MPA maintained its ability to inhibit NO synthesis. The presence of RU486 antagonized the action of each steroid. When ECs were preincubated with PD98059 (MAPK inhibitor) or chelerythrine (protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor) before Pg or MPA treatment, the former totally suppressed the steroid action, but the PKC antagonist did not affect NO production. In the presence of a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), a partial reduction in Pg effect and a reversal of MPA action were detected. Using indomethacin, the contribution of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway was also detected. On platelet adhesion assays, Pg inhibited and MPA stimulated platelet adhesion to ECs. Under inflammatory conditions, Pg prevented platelet adhesion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS); meanwhile, MPA potentiated the stimulatory action of LPS. Finally, although both steroids enhanced migration of ECs, MPA exhibited a greater effect. In conclusion, the data presented in this research provide evidence of a differential regulation of vascular function by Pg and MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo H Cutini
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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38
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Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Berger NA, Lucia A. Exercise is the real polypill. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 28:330-58. [PMID: 23997192 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of a "polypill" is receiving growing attention to prevent cardiovascular disease. Yet similar if not overall higher benefits are achievable with regular exercise, a drug-free intervention for which our genome has been haped over evolution. Compared with drugs, exercise is available at low cost and relatively free of adverse effects. We summarize epidemiological evidence on the preventive/therapeutic benefits of exercise and on the main biological mediators involved.
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Ostojic A, Crowe S, McNeill B, Ruel M, Suuronen EJ. Preparation and characterization of circulating angiogenic cells for tissue engineering applications. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1181:27-38. [PMID: 25070324 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1047-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) are a heterogeneous cell population of bone marrow (BM) origin. These cells are most commonly derived from the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and cord blood, and are one of the leading candidates for promoting vascularization in tissue engineering therapies. CACs can be isolated by culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on fibronectin or by flow cytometry to obtain more specific subpopulations. Here we will describe how to generate a population of CACs, and how to characterize the cells and confirm their phenotype. Also, we will provide select methods that can be used to assess the angiogenic and endothelial cell-like properties of the CACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ostojic
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1Y 4W7
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40
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Khanna V, Jain M, Singh V, Kanshana JS, Prakash P, Barthwal MK, Murthy PSR, Dikshit M. Cholesterol diet withdrawal leads to an initial plaque instability and subsequent regression of accelerated iliac artery atherosclerosis in rabbits. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77037. [PMID: 24146955 PMCID: PMC3798418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of long term cholesterol diet withdrawal on accelerated atherosclerosis in iliac artery of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits has not been explored so far. Atherosclerosis was thus induced in rabbits by a combination of balloon injury and atherogenic diet (AD) (1% cholesterol and 6% peanut oil) feeding for 8 weeks (baseline) followed by chow diet (CD) feeding for 4, 8, 16, 32, 50 and 64 weeks. The plaque characterization was done using histology, real time RT-PCR and vasoreactivity studies. Significant elevation in plasma lipids with AD feeding was normalized following 16 weeks of CD feeding. However, baseline comparison showed advanced plaque features even after 8 weeks of CD period with significant elevation in intima/media thickness ratio and plaque area later showing reduction at 50 and 64 weeks CD periods. Lesion lipid accumulation and CD68 positivity was maintained till 16 weeks of CD feeding which significantly reduced from 32 to 64 weeks CD periods. Baseline comparison showed significant increase in ground substance, MMP-9 and significant decrease in α-actin and collagen content at 8 weeks CD period indicating features of unstable plaque. These features regressed up to 64 weeks of CD. Partial restoration of functional vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation was seen after 64 weeks of CD feeding. mRNA expression of MCP-1, VCAM-1, collagen type I and III, MMP-9, TIMP-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and eNOS supported the above findings. The study thus reveals insights into initial plaque instability and subsequent regression on AD withdrawal in this model. These results are suggestive of an appropriate window for drug intervention for plaque stability/regression and restenosis as well as improves understanding of plaque regression phenomenon in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Khanna
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Jain
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra S. Kanshana
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prem Prakash
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj K. Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Puvvada S. R. Murthy
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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41
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Rosa GM, Bauckneht M, Masoero G, Mach F, Quercioli A, Seitun S, Balbi M, Brunelli C, Parodi A, Nencioni A, Vuilleumier N, Montecucco F. The vulnerable coronary plaque: update on imaging technologies. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:706-22. [PMID: 23803753 DOI: 10.1160/th13-02-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have been carried out on vulnerable plaque as the main culprit for ischaemic cardiac events. Historically, the most important diagnostic technique for studying coronary atherosclerotic disease was to determine the residual luminal diameter by angiographic measurement of the stenosis. However, it has become clear that vulnerable plaque rupture as well as thrombosis, rather than stenosis, triggers most acute ischaemic events and that the quantification of risk based merely on severity of the arterial stenosis is not sufficient. In the last decades, substantial progresses have been made on optimisation of techniques detecting the arterial wall morphology, plaque composition and inflammation. To date, the use of a single technique is not recommended to precisely identify the progression of the atherosclerotic process in human beings. In contrast, the integration of data that can be derived from multiple methods might improve our knowledge about plaque destabilisation. The aim of this narrative review is to update evidence on the accuracy of the currently available non-invasive and invasive imaging techniques in identifying components and morphologic characteristics associated with coronary plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Rosa
- Fabrizio Montecucco, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, Tel.: +41 22 372 71 92, Fax: +41 22 382 72 45, E-mail:
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42
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Berisha SZ, Hsu J, Robinet P, Smith JD. Transcriptome analysis of genes regulated by cholesterol loading in two strains of mouse macrophages associates lysosome pathway and ER stress response with atherosclerosis susceptibility. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65003. [PMID: 23705026 PMCID: PMC3660362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol loaded macrophages in the arterial intima are the earliest histological evidence of atherosclerosis. Studies of mouse models of atherosclerosis have shown that the strain background can have a significant effect on lesion development. We have previously shown that DBA/2 ApoE(-/-) mice have aortic root lesions 10-fold larger than AKR ApoE(-/-) mice. The current study analyzes the response to cholesterol loading of macrophages from these two strains. Macrophages from the atherosclerosis susceptible DBA/2 strain had significantly higher levels of total and esterified cholesterol compared to atherosclerosis resistant AKR macrophages, while free cholesterol levels were higher in AKR cells. Gene expression profiles were obtained and data were analyzed for strain, cholesterol loading, and strain-cholesterol loading interaction effects by a fitted linear model. Pathway and transcriptional motif enrichment were identified by gene set enrichment analysis. In addition to observed strain differences in basal gene expression, we identified many transcripts whose expression was significantly altered in response to cholesterol loading, including P2ry13 and P2ry14, Trib3, Hyal1, Vegfa, Ccr5, Ly6a, and Ifit3. Eight pathways were significantly enriched in transcripts regulated by cholesterol loading, among which the lysosome and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways had the highest number of significantly regulated transcripts. Of the differentially regulated transcripts with a strain-cholesterol loading interaction effect, we identified three genes known to participate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, Ddit3, Trib3 and Atf4. These three transcripts were highly up-regulated by cholesterol in AKR and either down-regulated or unchanged in loaded DBA/2 macrophages, thus associating a robust ER stress response with atherosclerosis resistance. We identified significant transcripts with strain, loading, or strain-loading interaction effect that reside within previously described quantitative trait loci as atherosclerosis modifier candidate genes. In conclusion, we characterized several strain and cholesterol induced differences that may lead to new insights into cellular cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Z. Berisha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Peggy Robinet
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Hutter R, Speidl WS, Valdiviezo C, Sauter B, Corti R, Fuster V, Badimon JJ. Macrophages transmit potent proangiogenic effects of oxLDL in vitro and in vivo involving HIF-1α activation: a novel aspect of angiogenesis in atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2013; 6:558-69. [PMID: 23661177 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-013-9469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization has been linked to the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic lesions. Angiogenesis is increased in lipid-rich plaque. Hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcriptional regulator responding to hypoxia and activating genes, which promote angiogenesis, among them vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is generated in lipid-rich plaque by oxidative stress. It triggers an inflammatory response and was traditionally thought to inhibit endothelial cells. New data, however, suggest that oxLDL can activate HIF-1α in monocytes in a hypoxia-independent fashion. We hypothesized that HIF-1α activation in monocyte-macrophages could transmit proangiogenic effects of oxLDL linking hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and angiogenesis in atherosclerosis. First, we examined the effect of oxLDL on HIF-1α and VEGF expression in monocyte-macrophages and on their proangiogenic effect on endothelial cells in vitro in a monocyte-macrophage/endothelial co-culture model. OxLDL strongly induced HIF-1α and VEGF in monocyte-macrophages and significantly increased tube formation in co-cultured endothelial cells. HIF-1α inhibition reversed this effect. Second, we demonstrated a direct proangiogenic effect of oxLDL in an in vivo angiogenesis assay. Again, HIF-1α inhibition abrogated the proangiogenic effect of oxLDL. Third, in a rabbit atherosclerosis model, we studied the effect of dietary lipid lowering on arterial HIF-1α and VEGF expression. The administration of low-lipid diet significantly reduced the expression of both HIF-1α and VEGF, resulting in decreased plaque neovascularization. Our data point to oxLDL as a proangiogenic agent linking hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and angiogenesis in atherosclerosis. This effect is dependent on macrophages and, at least in part, on the induction of the HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph Hutter
- The Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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44
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Yao YY, Fu C, Ma GS, Feng Y, Shen CX, Wu GQ, Zhang XG, Ding JD, Tang CC, Chen Z, Dai QM, Tong JY, Luo D, Zhu J, Zhi H, Li YJ, Ju CW, Lu J, Chao J, Chao L. Tissue kallikrein is related to the severity of coronary artery disease. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 423:90-8. [PMID: 23639635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impairment of the tissue kallikrein (KLK1)-kinin system (KKS) may result in atheroma development. However, it remains unclear if the KKS correlates with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS KLK1, VEGF and hs-CRP plasma levels were measured in 100 patients newly diagnosed with CAD and 33 CAD-free controls. Patients were followed-up for the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) for 8months to 2y. Gene expression of KLK1, CD105 and CD68 was assessed in human coronary endarterectomy specimens. RESULTS Patients with CAD and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) had significantly elevated KLK1 levels. In addition, the concentration of hs-CRP was increased in ACS patients. A strong positive correlation between plasma KLK1 and the severity of CAD was also demonstrated, suggesting that high KLK1 levels are an independent predictor for CAD. MACE during follow-up significantly correlated with KLK1 levels in the ACS group. Unstable coronary plaques demonstrated markedly increased KLK1 levels, macrophage infiltration and high microvessel density. Additionally, KLK1 staining primarily colocalized with macrophages. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, plasma KLK1 levels were a useful predictor for the presence and extent of CAD. More extensive studies are, however, necessary in order to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-yu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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Ozaki MR, de Almeida EA. Evolution and involution of atherosclerosis and its relationship with vascular reactivity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:297-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Kasim S, Moran D, McFadden E. Vulnerable plaque: from bench to bedside; local pacification versus systemic therapy. Heart Views 2013; 13:139-45. [PMID: 23439781 PMCID: PMC3573359 DOI: 10.4103/1995-705x.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical coronary stenoses accounts for a small proportion of acute coronary syndromes and sudden death. The majority are caused by coronary thromboses that arise from a nonangiographically obstructive atheroma. Recent developments in noninvasive imaging of so-called vulnerable plaques created opportunities to direct treatment to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with these high-risk lesions. This review covers therapy employed in the past, present, and potentially in the future as the natural history of plaque assessment unfolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazzli Kasim
- Cardiology Unit, Medical Faculty, UiTM Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia ; Division of Cardiology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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Hosta-Rigau L, Zhang Y, Teo BM, Postma A, Städler B. Cholesterol--a biological compound as a building block in bionanotechnology. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:89-109. [PMID: 23172231 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a molecule with many tasks in nature but also a long history in science. This feature article highlights the contribution of this small compound to bionanotechnology. We discuss relevant chemical aspects in this context followed by an overview of its self-assembly capabilities both as a free molecule and when conjugated to a polymer. Further, cholesterol in the context of liposomes is reviewed and its impact ranging from biosensing to drug delivery is outlined. Cholesterol is and will be an indispensable player in bionanotechnology, contributing to the progress of this potent field of research.
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Koutroumpi M, Dimopoulos S, Psarra K, Kyprianou T, Nanas S. Circulating endothelial and progenitor cells: Evidence from acute and long-term exercise effects. World J Cardiol 2012; 4:312-26. [PMID: 23272272 PMCID: PMC3530787 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v4.i12.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating bone-marrow-derived cells, named endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), are capable of maintaining, generating, and replacing terminally differentiated cells within their own specific tissue as a consequence of physiological cell turnover or tissue damage due to injury. Endothelium maintenance and restoration of normal endothelial cell function is guaranteed by a complex physiological procedure in which EPCs play a significant role. Decreased number of peripheral blood EPCs has been associated with endothelial dysfunction and high cardiovascular risk. In this review, we initially report current knowledge with regard to the role of EPCs in healthy subjects and the clinical value of EPCs in different disease populations such as arterial hypertension, obstructive sleep-apnea syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, peripheral arterial disease, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. Recent studies have introduced the novel concept that physical activity, either performed as a single exercise session or performed as part of an exercise training program, results in a significant increase of circulating EPCs. In the second part of this review we provide preliminary evidence from recent studies investigating the effects of acute and long-term exercise in healthy subjects and athletes as well as in disease populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Koutroumpi
- Matina Koutroumpi, Stavros Dimopoulos, Serafim Nanas, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1st Critical Care Medicine Department, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
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Endothelial function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes receiving early intensive insulin therapy. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:1242-8. [PMID: 22895449 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multifactorial intervention is unable to improve endothelial dysfunction/cardiovascular outcome in type 2 diabetes. Intensive insulin therapy improves pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in patients with early stage diabetes. We investigated the effect of intensive insulin therapy on endothelial dysfunction in these patients. METHODS One hundred and sixteen patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 59 healthy subjects received flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) measurement. Diabetic patients were further treated with either multifactorial intervention (group A), or intensive insulin therapy (group B) for 2 weeks. Both FMD and vWF measurement were repeated at the same time. FMD was reassessed 90 days after intervention. RESULTS Compared with healthy subjects, FMD in diabetic patients was significantly lower (group A: 15.99 ± 7.81 % vs. 25.17 ± 7.12 %, P < 0.01; group B: 16.85 ± 7.30 % vs. 25.17 ± 7.12%, P < 0.01), plasma vWF was significantly higher (group A: 224.34 ± 7.36 U/l vs. 109.69 ± 6.30 U/l, P < 0.01; group B: 219.18 ± 6.92 U/l vs. 109.69 ± 6.30 U/l, P < 0.01). After treatment, there was no significant change of FMD in either group. The vWF did not change after multifactorial intervention (220.96 ± 6.85 U/l vs. 224.34 ± 7.36 U/l, P = 0.49), but significantly decreased after intensive insulin therapy (155.08 ± 11.82 U/l vs. 219.18 ± 6.92 U/l, P = 0.0013). CONCLUSIONS Intensive insulin therapy significantly improves endothelial injury/dysfunction as measured by vWF in early stage type 2 diabetes. Further study is needed to determine whether plasma vWF can help early identification, stratification and management of diabetic endothelial dysfunction.
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Kodama T, Narula N, Agozzino M, Arbustini E. Pathology of plaque haemorrhage and neovascularization of coronary artery. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2012; 13:620-7. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e328356a5f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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