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Singhrao N, Flores-Tamez VA, Moustafa YA, Reddy GR, Burns AE, Pinkerton KE, Chen CY, Navedo MF, Nieves-Cintrón M. Nicotine Impairs Smooth Muscle cAMP Signaling and Vascular Reactivity. Microcirculation 2024; 31:e12871. [PMID: 38805589 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine nicotine's impact on receptor-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). We hypothesize that nicotine impairs β adrenergic-mediated cAMP signaling in VSM, leading to altered vascular reactivity. METHODS The effects of nicotine on cAMP signaling and vascular function were systematically tested in aortic VSM cells and acutely isolated aortas from mice expressing the cAMP sensor TEpacVV (Camper), specifically in VSM (e.g., CamperSM). RESULTS Isoproterenol (ISO)-induced β-adrenergic production of cAMP in VSM was significantly reduced in cells from second-hand smoke (SHS)-exposed mice and cultured wild-type VSM treated with nicotine. The decrease in cAMP synthesis caused by nicotine was verified in freshly isolated arteries from a mouse that had cAMP sensor expression in VSM (e.g., CamperSM mouse). Functionally, the changes in cAMP signaling in response to nicotine hindered ISO-induced vasodilation, but this was reversed by immediate PDE3 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that nicotine alters VSM β adrenergic-mediated cAMP signaling and vasodilation, which may contribute to the dysregulation of vascular reactivity and the development of vascular complications for nicotine-containing product users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Singhrao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Yumna A Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gopireddy R Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Abby E Burns
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chao-Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Ruedisueli I, Shi K, Lopez S, Gornbein J, Middlekauff HR. Arrhythmogenic effects of acute electronic cigarette compared to tobacco cigarette smoking in people living with HIV. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16158. [PMID: 39044007 PMCID: PMC11265994 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of death in people living with HIV (PLWH) is cardiovascular disease, and the high prevalence of tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking is a major contributor. Switching to electronic cigarettes (ECs) has been promoted as a harm reduction strategy. We sought to determine if acute EC compared to TC smoking had less harmful effects on arrhythmogenic risk factors including acute changes in hemodynamics, heart rate variability (HRV), and ventricular repolarization (VR). In PLWH who smoke, changes in hemodynamics, HRV, and VR were compared pre/post acutely using an EC, TC, or puffing on an empty straw on different days in random order, in a crossover study. Thirty-seven PLWH (36 males, mean age 40.5 ± 9.1 years) participated. Plasma nicotine was greater after TC versus EC use (10.12 ± 0.96 vs. 6.18 ± 0.99 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.004). HR increased significantly, and similarly, after acute EC and TC smoking compared to control. Changes in HRV that confer increased cardiac risk (LF/HF ratio) were significantly smaller after acute EC versus TC use, consistent with a harm reduction effect. In a post-hoc analysis of PLWH with and without positive concurrent recreational drug use as indicated by point of care urine toxicology testing, this differential effect was only seen in PLWH not currently using recreational drugs. Changes in VR were not different among the three exposures. In PLWH who smoke, EC compared to TC smoking resulted in smaller adverse changes in HRV. This differential effect was accompanied by a smaller increase in plasma nicotine, and was negated by concurrent recreational drug use. Additional studies are warranted in this vulnerable population disproportionately affected by tobacco-related health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ruedisueli
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katie Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Samuel Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeffrey Gornbein
- Departments of Medicine and Computational MedicineUCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Holly R. Middlekauff
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Kopp W. Aging and "Age-Related" Diseases - What Is the Relation? Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0570. [PMID: 39012663 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explores the intricate relationship between aging and the development of noncommunicable diseases [NCDs], focusing on whether these diseases are inevitable consequences of aging or primarily driven by lifestyle factors. By examining epidemiological data, particularly from hunter-gatherer societies, the study highlights that many NCDs prevalent in modern populations are rare in these societies, suggesting a significant influence of lifestyle choices. It delves into the mechanisms through which poor diet, smoking, and other lifestyle factors contribute to systemic physiological imbalances, characterized by oxidative stress, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the immune system. The interplay between this pattern and individual factors such as genetic susceptibility, biological variability, epigenetic changes and the microbiome is proposed to play a crucial role in the development of a range of age-related NCDs. Modified biomolecules such as oxysterols and advanced glycation end products also contribute to their development. Specific diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, Parkinson's disease, glaucoma and osteoarthritis are analyzed to illustrate these mechanisms. The study concludes that while aging contributes to the risk of NCDs, lifestyle factors play a crucial role, offering potential avenues for prevention and intervention through healthier living practices. One possible approach could be to try to restore the physiological balance, e.g. through dietary measures [e.g. Mediterranean diet, Okinawan diet or Paleolithic diet] in conjunction with [a combination of] pharmacological interventions and other lifestyle changes.
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Norup Hertel J, Linz B, Isaksen J, Jerltorp K, Leonhardt C, Gottlieb L, Saljic A, Jespersen T, Linz D. Inhibition of the acetylcholine-regulated potassium current prevents transient apnea-related atrial arrhythmogenic changes in a porcine model. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:622-629. [PMID: 38280622 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50% of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) suffer from sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Obstructive respiratory events contribute to a transient, vagally mediated atrial arrhythmogenic substrate, which is resistant to most available antiarrhythmic drugs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pharmacologic inhibition of the G-protein-gated acetylcholine-regulated potassium current (IK,ACh) with and without acute autonomic nervous system activation by nicotine in a pig model for obstructive respiratory events. METHODS In 21 pigs, SDB was simulated by applying an intermittent negative upper airway pressure (INAP). AF inducibility and atrial effective refractory periods (aERPs) were determined before and during INAP by an S1S2 atrial pacing-protocol. Pigs were randomized into 3 groups-group 1: vehicle (n = 4); group 2: XAF-1407 (IK,ACh inhibitor) (n = 7); and group 3: nicotine followed by XAF-1407 (n = 10). RESULTS In group 1, INAP shortened aERP (ΔaERP -42.6 ms; P = .004) and transiently increased AF inducibility from 0% to 31%. In group 2, XAF-1407 prolonged aERP by 25.2 ms (P = .005) during normal breathing and prevented INAP-induced aERP shortening (ΔaERP -3.6 ms; P = .3) and AF inducibility. In group 3, INAP transiently shortened aERP during nicotine perfusion (ΔaERP -33.6 ms; P = .004) and increased AF inducibility up to 61%, which both were prevented by XAF-1407. CONCLUSION Simulated obstructive respiratory events transiently shorten aERP and increase AF inducibility, which can be prevented by the IK,ACh-inhibitor XAF-1407. XAF-1407 also prevents these arrhythmogenic changes induced by obstructive respiratory events during nicotine perfusion. Whether IK,ACh channels represent a target for SDB-related AF in humans warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Norup Hertel
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benedikt Linz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Isaksen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kezia Jerltorp
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Leonhardt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Gottlieb
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnela Saljic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik Linz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Gomez-Rice A, Capdevila-Bayo M, Núñez-Pereira S, Haddad S, Pérez-Grueso F, Kleinstück F, Obeid I, Alanay A, Pellise F, Pizones J. Influence of smoking on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity: a propensity score-matched analysis. Spine Deform 2024; 12:819-827. [PMID: 38329602 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-024-00821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the isolated influence of smoking in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery excluding known tobacco-related complications. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a prospective multicenter ASD database. Patients operated on ASD with 2 year post-operative follow-up were included. Former smokers (non-active smokers) and patients developing mechanical or infectious complications were excluded. Changes of PROMs over time were analyzed using mixed models for repeated measures (MMRM). Propensity score matching (PSM) (1:1 ratio, caliper 0.10) was performed without replacement using optimum algorithm, tolerance ≤ 0.001, and estimated with 95% confidence interval (CI). PROMS in both groups were compared by paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS 692 out of 1246 surgical patients met our inclusion criteria. 153 smokers were matched with 153 non-smokers according to age, BMI, number of fused levels, and global tilt. After PSM both groups were homogeneous regarding baseline parameters, surgical data, and complications (mechanical complications and infection excluded). Smokers had worse baseline results for SRS-total, SRS-pain COMI-back, and ODI; smokers also showed worse 2-year outcomes for SRS-total, SRS-function, SRS-pain, SRS-self-image, and ODI. However, no differences between the two groups were found in the improvement from baseline to 2-year follow-up or in the timing of this improvement (MMRM). The proportion of patients reaching the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) after surgery was similar in the two groups, but the proportion of patients reaching patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) was significantly lower in smokers for SRS-Subtotal, SRS-function, and SRS-image. CONCLUSION Even in the absence of smoking-related complications, smokers had worse PROMs at baseline and 2 years after surgery with less patients achieving PASS, but similar degrees on improvement compared to non-smokers. The proportion achieving MCID was also similar between the two cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gomez-Rice
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo Km 9, 100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
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Lai H, Liu Q, Ye Q, Liang Z, Long Z, Hu Y, Wu Q, Jiang M. Impact of smoking cessation duration on lung cancer mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104323. [PMID: 38462148 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking history is a heterogeneous situation for different populations, and numerous studies suggest that smoking cessation is conducive to reduce the mortality of lung cancer. However, no quantitative meta-analysis regarding smoking cessation duration based on different populations has demonstrated it clearly. METHODS We systematically searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scoups) till February 2023. Eligible studies reported the association between lung cancer survival and duration of smoking cessation. Additionally, we stratified the study population according to whether they had lung cancer at the time they quit smoking. Studies were pooled with the random-effects model. RESULTS Out of the 11,361 potential studies initially identified, we included 24 studies involving 969,560 individuals in our analysis. Lung cancer mortality varied across two groups: general quitters and peri-diagnosis quitters. For general quitters, those who had quit smoking for less than 10 years exhibited an RR of 0.64 (95% CI [0.55-0.76]), while those who quit for 10-20 years had an RR of 0.33 (0.25-0.43), over 20 years had an RR of 0.16 (0.11-0.24), and never-smokers had an RR at 0.11 (0.07-0.15). Among peri-diagnosis quitters, the 1-year Overall Survival (OS) showed an RR of 0.80 (0.67-0.96), the 2-year OS had an RR of 0.89 (0.80-0.98), the 3-year OS had an RR of 0.93 (0.84-1.03), and the 5-year OS had an RR of 0.85 (0.76-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Earlier and longer smoking cessation is associated with reduced lung cancer mortality, no matter in which cessation stage for two different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Lai
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Quanzhen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Nanshan College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Qianxian Ye
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Ziyang Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Zhiwei Long
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Yinghong Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Qianlong Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Zhou R, Pan D. Association between admission heart rate and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory failure: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:111. [PMID: 38443791 PMCID: PMC10913584 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) combined with respiratory failure (RF) is a chronic respiratory disease that seriously endangers human health. This study aimed to specifically evaluate the relationship between admission heart rate (AHR) and in-hospital mortality in patients with combined AECOPD and RF to better inform clinical treatment. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 397 patients admitted to a Chinese hospital between January 2021 and March 2023. The primary outcome measure was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), and curve fitting and threshold effect were performed to address nonlinear relationships. RESULTS In total, 397 patients with AECOPD/RF were screened. The mean (± SD) age of the study cohort was 72.6 ± 9.5 years, approximately 49.4% was female, and the overall in-hospital mortality rate was 5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting revealed a nonlinear association between AHR and in-hospital mortality in the study population, with 100 beats/min representing the inflection point. Left of the inflection point, the effect size (OR) was 0.474 (95% CI 0.016 ~ 13.683; p = 0.6635). On the right side, each 1 beat/min increase in AHR resulted in an effect size (OR) of 1.094 (95% CI 1.01 ~ 1.186; p = 0.0281). CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study demonstrated a nonlinear relationship between AHR and in-hospital mortality in patients with AECOPD/RF. When AHR was < 100 beats/min, it was not statistically significant; however, AHR > 100 beats/min was a predictor of potential mortality, which increased by 9.4% for every 1 beat/min increase in AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dianzhu Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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Hamadi N, Al-Salam S, Beegam S, Zaaba NE, Elzaki O, Nemmar A. Impact of prolonged exposure to occasional and regular waterpipe smoke on cardiac injury, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in male mice. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1286366. [PMID: 38370014 PMCID: PMC10869456 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1286366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regular waterpipe smoking (Reg-WPS) is well recognized for its deleterious effect on the heart. However, there is a paucity of experimental studies on the impact of occasional waterpipe smoking (Occ-WPS), also known as nondaily smoking, versus Reg-WPS on cardiac homeostasis, and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Hence, we aimed, in the present study, to investigate the effect of Occ-WPS (30 min/day, 1 day/week) versus Reg-WPS (30 min/day, 5 days/week) for 6 months on systolic blood pressure (SBP), cardiac injury, oxidative markers, chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines, DNA damage and mitochondrial function compared with air (control) exposed mice. Our results show that SBP was increased following exposure to either Occ-WPS or Reg-WPS compared with air-exposed mice. Moreover, we found that only Reg-WPS induced a significant elevation in the levels of troponin I, brain natriuretic peptide, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase. However, the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was significantly increased in both Occ-WPS and Reg-WPS groups. Compared with air-exposed mice, the levels of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were only significantly augmented in the Reg-WPS. However, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and CXCL1 were significantly increased in both Occ-WPS and Reg-WPS. The concentrations of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were solely elevated in the heart of mice exposed to Reg-WPS. Similarly, the concentrations of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α were only significantly augmented in the Reg-WPS. However, both Occ-WPS and Reg-WPS triggered significant augmentation in the levels of IL17 and DNA damage compared to the control groups. Furthermore, while Occ-WPS induced a slight but statistically insignificant elevation in the concentrations of mammalian targets of rapamycin and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) expression, Reg-WPS exposure increased their levels substantially, in addition to p53 and mitochondrial complexes II & III, and IV activities compared with air-exposed mice. In conclusion, our findings show that while the long-term Occ-WPS exposure induced an elevation of SBP, ANP, antioxidant enzymes, IL17, CXCL1, and cardiac DNA damage, Reg-WPS exposure was consistently associated with the elevation of SBP and occurrence of cardiac damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naserddine Hamadi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ozaz Elzaki
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Nguyen R, Ruedisueli I, Lakhani K, Ma J, Middlekauff HR. Acute cardiovascular effects of 4th generation electronic cigarettes and combusted cigarettes: implications for harm reduction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:440-449. [PMID: 38205548 PMCID: PMC11219004 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00067.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The health consequences associated with using electronic cigarettes (ECs) are of great public interest because of their potential role in smoking cessation. In 110 participants, including 41 nonusers, 34 people who exclusively use ECs (EC group), and 35 people who smoke tobacco cigarettes (TCs) including 12 dual users (collectively called the TC-D group), the heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate variability (HRV) were compared at baseline. People in the EC or the TC-D groups were also compared after using a 4th generation EC with or without nicotine, a TC with or without nicotine (TC-D group only), and a straw-control. Baseline HR, BP, and HRV parameters were not different among the EC, the TC-D, and nonuser groups. In people who exclusively use ECs, acute nicotine-EC use increased HR and BP, and produced changes in HRV patterns suggestive of increased cardiac sympathetic influence. In people in the TC-D group, BP increased similarly after acutely smoking a nicotine-TC or a nicotine-EC. However, the increase in HR was significantly greater after smoking a TC compared with the nicotine-EC despite similar acute increases in plasma nicotine. Overall, all exposures containing nicotine significantly increased HR and BP in both cohorts when compared with non-nicotine exposures. Since acute EC use 1) produces an abnormal HRV pattern associated with increased cardiac sympathetic tone in people who chronically use ECs, and 2) similar hemodynamic increases compared with acute TC smoking in people who chronically smoke TCs including dual users, the role of ECs as part of a harm reduction strategy is questioned.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that nicotine, not the non-nicotine constituents in tobacco cigarette (TC) or electronic cigarette (EC) emissions, may be the instigator of the acute, potentially adverse, changes in hemodynamics and heart rate variability (HRV) that were recorded several minutes after tobacco product use. Furthermore, acute EC use produced an abnormal HRV pattern associated with increased cardiac risk in people who chronically smoke ECs and produced similar hemodynamic increases compared with acute TC use in people who chronically smoke TCs, including people who are dual users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Isabelle Ruedisueli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Karishma Lakhani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Joyce Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Holly R Middlekauff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Whitehead AK, Li Z, LaPenna KB, Abbes N, Sharp TE, Lefer DJ, Lazartigues E, Yue X. Cardiovascular dysfunction induced by combined exposure to nicotine inhalation and high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H278-H290. [PMID: 38038717 PMCID: PMC11219050 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00474.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Smoking and high-fat diet (HFD) consumption are two modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) diseases, and individuals who are overweight or obese due to unhealthy diet are more likely to use tobacco products. In this study, we aim to investigate the combined effects of nicotine (the addictive component of all tobacco products) and HFD on CV health, which are poorly understood. C57BL/6N male mice were placed on either HFD (60 kcal% fat) or regular diet (22 kcal% fat) and exposed to air or nicotine vapor for 10-12 wk. CV function was monitored by echocardiography and radiotelemetry, with left ventricular (LV) catheterization and aortic ring vasoreactivity assays performed at end point. Mice on HFD exhibited increased heart rate and impaired parasympathetic tone, whereas nicotine exposure increased sympathetic vascular tone as evidenced by increased blood pressure (BP) response to ganglionic blockade. Although neither nicotine nor HFD alone or in combination significantly altered BP, nicotine exposure disrupted circadian BP regulation with reduced BP dipping. LV catheterization revealed that combined exposure to nicotine and HFD led to LV diastolic dysfunction with increased LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Moreover, combined exposure resulted in increased inhibitory phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and greater impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Finally, a small cohort of C57BL/6N females with combined exposure exhibited similar increases in LVEDP, indicating that both sexes are susceptible to the combined effect of nicotine and HFD. In summary, combined exposure to nicotine and HFD leads to greater CV harm, including both additive and new-onset CV dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nicotine product usage and high-fat diet consumption are two modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Here, we demonstrate that in mice, combined exposure to inhaled nicotine and high-fat diet results in unique cardiovascular consequences compared with either treatment alone, including left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, dysregulation of blood pressure, autonomic dysfunction, and greater impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. These findings indicate that individuals who consume both nicotine products and high-fat diet have distinctive cardiovascular risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Whitehead
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Zhen Li
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Kyle B LaPenna
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Nour Abbes
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Thomas E Sharp
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Department of Medicine Section of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care Systems, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Xinping Yue
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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11
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Núñez-Gil IJ, Santoro F, Vazirani R, Novo G, Blanco-Ponce E, Arcari L, Uribarri A, Cacciotti L, Guerra F, Salamanca J, Musumeci B, Vedia O, Mariano E, Fernández-Cordón C, Caldarola P, Montisci R, Brunetti ND, El-Battrawy I, Abumayyaleh M, Akin I, Eitel I, Stiermaier T. Smoking influence in Takotsubo syndrome: insights from an international cohort. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1282018. [PMID: 38054096 PMCID: PMC10694470 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1282018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To assess the influence of tobacco on acute and long-term outcomes in Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Methods Patients with TTS from the international multicenter German Italian Spanish Takotsubo registry (GEIST) were analyzed. Comparisons between groups were performed within the overall cohort, and an adjusted analysis with 1:1 propensity score matching was conducted. Results Out of 3,152 patients with TTS, 534 (17%) were current smokers. Smoker TTS patients were younger (63 ± 11 vs. 72 ± 11 years, p < 0.001), less frequently women (78% vs. 90%, p < 0.001), and had a lower prevalence of hypertension (59% vs. 69%, p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus (16% vs. 20%, p = 0.04), but had a higher prevalence of pulmonary (21% vs. 15%, p < 0.01) and/or psychiatric diseases (17% vs. 12%, p < 0.01). On multivariable analysis, age less than 65 years [OR 3.85, 95% CI (2.86-5)], male gender [OR 2.52, 95% CI (1.75-3.64)], history of pulmonary disease [OR 2.56, 95% CI (1.81-3.61)], coronary artery disease [OR 2.35, 95% CI (1.60-3.46)], and non-apical ballooning form [OR 1.47, 95% CI (1.02-2.13)] were associated with smoking status. Propensity score matching (PSM) 1:1 yielded 329 patients from each group. Smokers had a similar rate of in-hospital complications but longer in-hospital stays (10 vs. 9 days, p = 0.01). During long-term follow-up, there were no differences in mortality rates between smokers and non-smokers (5.6% vs. 6.9% yearly in the overall, p = 0.02, and 6.6%, vs. 7.2% yearly in the matched cohort, p = 0.97). Conclusions Our findings suggest that smoking may influence the clinical presentation and course of TTS with longer in-hospital stays, but does not independently impact mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván J. Núñez-Gil
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ravi Vazirani
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppina Novo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emilia Blanco-Ponce
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lérida, Spain
| | - Luca Arcari
- Institute of Cardiology, Madre Giuseppina Vannini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Aitor Uribarri
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Cacciotti
- Institute of Cardiology, Madre Giuseppina Vannini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Guerra
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, University Hospital “Umberto I - Lancisi - Salesi”, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jorge Salamanca
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatrice Musumeci
- Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Oscar Vedia
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrica Mariano
- Cardiology Department, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Montisci
- Clinical Cardiology, AOU Cagliari, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology and Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abumayyaleh
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ingo Eitel
- Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg - Kiel - Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Stiermaier
- Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg - Kiel - Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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12
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Pang Y, Li M, Li F, Lei J, Zhang T. Preliminary study on the E-liquid and aerosol on the neurobehavior of C. elegans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108180. [PMID: 37690220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
E-cigarettes, also known as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), are mainly used among adolescents and young adults. Similar to traditional cigarettes, different concentrations of nicotine are also added to E-cigarette's liquid (E-liquid), but due to the supplementation of chemicals such as propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG) and flavors, it is difficult to determine the risk after using E-cigarettes. And given to the specificity of the aerosol particle composition and atomization process of E-cigarettes, it is necessary to assess the neurotoxic effects of long-term E-cigarettes use. In this study, two commercial nicotine-containing (5%) and nicotine-free E-liquids were diluted to investigate the neurobehavioral changes and addictive tendencies of developing C. elegans after sub-chronic exposure to E-liquid. The results showed that sub-chronic exposure of E-liquid could lead to impaired growth and development of nematodes, abnormal general neuromotor behavior and advanced learning and memory behavior, and nicotine-containing E-liquid could also lead to increased addiction tendency of nematodes. Although the damage effect of nicotine free E-liquid is smaller than that of the nicotine-containing group, its toxic effect cannot be ignored. Further analysis of the neurotoxicity mechanism found that redox imbalance-mediated mitochondrial stress and aging may be important causes of E-liquid-induced biological damage. The biosafety of e-cigarette aerosols was also included in the assessment. The study found that the heated atomization process did not alter the E-liquid components, and E-cigarette aerosols still have the effect of interfering with the growth and development of nematodes and neurobehavior, and its addictive nature is also of concern. This study can provide new ideas for future studies on the neurotoxic effects and safety assessment of the E-cigarettes, and provide theoretical reference for the study on the injury mechanism of E-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Pang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fuxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jialin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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13
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Pan S, Karey E, Nieves-Cintron M, Chen YJ, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Pinkerton KE, Chen CY. Effects of chronic secondhand smoke exposure on cardiovascular regulation and the role of soluble epoxide hydrolase in mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1185744. [PMID: 37362438 PMCID: PMC10285070 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1185744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with an estimated 80% of SHS-related deaths attributed to cardiovascular causes. Public health measures and smoking bans have been successful both in reducing SHS exposure and improving cardiovascular outcomes in non-smokers. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors have been shown to attenuate tobacco exposure-induced lung inflammatory responses, making them a promising target for mitigating SHS exposure-induced cardiovascular outcomes. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine 1) effects of environmentally relevant SHS exposure on cardiac autonomic function and blood pressure (BP) regulation and 2) whether prophylactic administration of an sEH inhibitor (TPPU) can reduce the adverse cardiovascular effects of SHS exposure. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice (11 weeks old) implanted with BP/electrocardiogram (ECG) telemetry devices were exposed to filtered air or 3 mg/m3 of SHS (6 hr/d, 5 d/wk) for 12 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of recovery in filtered air. Some mice received TPPU in drinking water (15 mg/L) throughout SHS exposure. BP, heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and BP variability were determined monthly. Results: SHS exposure significantly decreased 1) short-term HRV by ∼20% (p < 0.05) within 4 weeks; 2) overall HRV with maximum effect at 12 weeks (-15%, p < 0.05); 3) pulse pressure (-8%, p < 0.05) as early as week 4; and 4) BRS with maximum effect at 12 weeks (-11%, p < 0.05). Four weeks of recovery following 12 weeks of SHS ameliorated all SHS-induced cardiovascular detriments. Importantly, mice exposed to TPPU in drinking water during SHS-related exposure were protected from SHS cardiovascular consequences. Discussion: The data suggest that 1) environmental relevant SHS exposure significantly alters cardiac autonomic function and BP regulation; 2) cardiovascular consequences from SHS can be reversed by discontinuing SHS exposure; and 3) inhibiting sEH can prevent SHS-induced cardiovascular consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Yi-Je Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Chao-Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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14
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Ruedisueli I, Lakhani K, Nguyen R, Gornbein J, Middlekauff HR. Electronic cigarettes prolong ventricular repolarization in people who smoke tobacco cigarettes: implications for harm reduction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H821-H832. [PMID: 37057991 PMCID: PMC10191123 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00057.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes are often used for smoking cessation as a harm reduction strategy, but studies comparing risks of electronic cigarettes (ECs) and tobacco cigarettes (TCs) are scarce. Ventricular repolarization in people who smoke TCs is abnormal. Baseline repolarization was compared among nonusers (people who do not use TCs or ECs) and people who use ECs or TCs. The acute effects of ECs and TCs on metrics of ventricular repolarization were then compared in people who chronically smoke. A total of 110 participants (59 female), including 35 people (21 females) in the TC cohort, 34 people (17 females) in the EC cohort, and 41 people (21 females) in the nonuser cohort, were included. None of the primary outcomes, Tpeak-end (Tp-e), Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc, were different among the three cohorts at supine baseline, even when adjusted for sex. When compared with the control exposure standing after acutely using the EC but not the TC, significantly prolonged all three primary indices of ventricular repolarization in people who smoke TCs. The major new finding in this study is that in people who smoke TCs, using an EC compared with a TC significantly prolongs ventricular repolarization. Furthermore, in our subgroup analysis by sex, this adverse effect on repolarization is found only in male, not female, smokers. In summary, chronic TC smoking is the most prevalent, modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular death, including sudden cardiac death. If used for smoking cessation, ECs should only be used in the short term since they too carry their own risks; this risk appears to be greatest in males compared with females who smoke.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The major new finding in this study is that in people who smoke tobacco cigarettes, using an electronic cigarette but not a tobacco cigarette acutely and significantly prolongs several metrics of ventricular repolarization, including Tpeak-Tend, Tpeak-Tend/QT, and Tpeak-Tend/QTc. Furthermore, in our subgroup analysis by sex, this adverse effect on repolarization is found only in male, not female, smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ruedisueli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Karishma Lakhani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Randy Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey Gornbein
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Holly R Middlekauff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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15
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Qiu T, Jiang Z, Chen X, Dai Y, Zhao H. Comorbidity of Anxiety and Hypertension: Common Risk Factors and Potential Mechanisms. Int J Hypertens 2023; 2023:9619388. [PMID: 37273529 PMCID: PMC10234733 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9619388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is more common in patients with hypertension, and these two conditions frequently coexist. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on determining etiology in patients with comorbid hypertension and anxiety. This review focuses on the common risk factors and potential mechanisms of comorbid hypertension and anxiety. Firstly, we analyze the common risk factors of comorbid hypertension and anxiety including age, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, lead, and traffic noise. The specific mechanisms underlying hypertension and anxiety were subsequently discussed, including interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), IL-17, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gut dysbiosis. Increased IL-6, IL-17, and ROS accelerate the development of hypertension and anxiety. Gut dysbiosis leads to hypertension and anxiety by reducing short-chain fatty acids, vitamin D, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and increasing trimethylamine N-oxide (TAMO) and MYC. These shared risk factors and potential mechanisms may provide an effective strategy for treating and preventing hypertension and comorbid anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qiu
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The Central Hospital of Changsha City, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Zhiming Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Xuancai Chen
- Urinary Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yehua Dai
- Nursing College, University of Xiangnan, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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16
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Mandelli L, Milaneschi Y, Hiles S, Serretti A, Penninx BW. Unhealthy lifestyle impacts on biological systems involved in stress response: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammation and autonomous nervous system. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:127-135. [PMID: 36730700 PMCID: PMC10063190 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An unhealthy lifestyle has a critical role in the pathogenesis and course of several chronic disorders. It has been hypothesized that lifestyle may also impact biological systems involved in stress response. A global index of unhealthy lifestyle was calculated based on the cumulative presence of five self-reported lifestyle habits (smoking, excessive alcohol use, drug use, low physical activity and short sleep) in 2783 participants (18-65 years) from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. The functioning of biological stress systems was based on multiple physiological measures of cortisol, inflammatory cytokines and autonomic cardiac activity. The unhealthy lifestyle index was associated with hyperactivity of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and increased inflammation, indicating that with increasing unhealthy habits, the level of biological stress increases. No association with the autonomic nervous system activity was observed; however, the use of drugs increased parasympathetic cardiac activity and significantly impacted on ANS. Results were not impacted by a recent episode of depression or anxiety disorder. An unhealthy lifestyle may unfavorably impact on biological systems involved in stress response, which may underlie progression of several psychiatric as well as somatic chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mandelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hiles
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Brenda W. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Behl TA, Stamford BA, Moffatt RJ. The Effects of Smoking on the Diagnostic Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome: A Review. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:397-412. [PMID: 37304742 PMCID: PMC10248373 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a growing epidemic that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and mortality. It is diagnosed by the presence of three or more of the following risk factors: 1) obesity, with an emphasis on central adiposity, 2) high blood pressure, 3) hyperglycemia, 4) dyslipidemia, with regard to reduced high-density lipoprotein concentrations, and 5) dyslipidemia, with regard to elevated triglycerides. Smoking is one lifestyle factor that can increase the risk for metabolic syndrome as it has been shown to exert negative effects on abdominal obesity, blood pressure, blood glucose concentrations, and blood lipid profiles. Smoking may also negatively affect other factors that influence glucose and lipid metabolism including lipoprotein lipase, adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Some of these smoking-related outcomes may be reversed with smoking cessation, thus reducing the risk for metabolic disease; however, metabolic syndrome risk may initially increase post cessation, possibly due to weight gain. Therefore, these findings warrant the need for more research on the development and efficacy of smoking prevention and cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Behl
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, FL, USA (TAB); School of Business, Education,
and Mathematics, Flagler College, St Augustine, FL, USA (TAB); Department of Kinesiology and
Integrative Physiology, Hanover College, Hanover, IN, USA (BAS); and Human Performance Development
Group, Tallahassee, FL, USA (BAS, RJM)
| | - Bryant A. Stamford
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, FL, USA (TAB); School of Business, Education,
and Mathematics, Flagler College, St Augustine, FL, USA (TAB); Department of Kinesiology and
Integrative Physiology, Hanover College, Hanover, IN, USA (BAS); and Human Performance Development
Group, Tallahassee, FL, USA (BAS, RJM)
| | - Robert J. Moffatt
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, FL, USA (TAB); School of Business, Education,
and Mathematics, Flagler College, St Augustine, FL, USA (TAB); Department of Kinesiology and
Integrative Physiology, Hanover College, Hanover, IN, USA (BAS); and Human Performance Development
Group, Tallahassee, FL, USA (BAS, RJM)
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18
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Brinkman HR, McCarthy DE, Mendes WB, Leyro TM. An Examination of Cardiac Vagal Control Indices and Cognitive Stress Appraisal in Cigarette Smokers. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2023; 48:97-107. [PMID: 35984578 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identifying factors that influence how individuals who smoke cigarettes respond to stress is important as stress is a risk factor for smoking and its maintenance. This study examined the modulatory role of cardiac vagal control (CVC), a physiological correlate of self-regulation, on cognitive stress appraisal processes of adults who smoke. Sixty daily cigarette smokers were randomized to receive positive or negative feedback during a modified Trier Social Stress Test. Pre- and post-task stress appraisals were assessed and resting and reactivity CVC measures were computed. Moderated regression models assessed if the relation between feedback condition and post-task stress appraisal varied as a function of CVC. We hypothesized that participants receiving negative feedback would report greater post-task stress appraisal compared to participants receiving positive feedback, and the strength of the effect of both feedback groups would be greater at higher levels of CVC. All models showed significant main effects of feedback condition (b = - 0.42, p = 0.01; b = - 0.45, p = 0.01) on post-task stress appraisal: participants receiving negative feedback reported greater post-task stress appraisal. No significant main or interactive effects of CVC and feedback condition on post-task stress appraisal were observed. This study demonstrates that stress appraisals of daily cigarette smokers are sensitive to social feedback, but are not moderated by individual differences in CVC. Future investigations are needed to clarify whether this finding is explained by smoking-specific impairments in CVC as well as the distinct and interactive effects of physiological and psychological processes implicated in stress and smoking risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Brinkman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Danielle E McCarthy
- Center for Tobacco Research and Treatment, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wendy B Mendes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Teresa M Leyro
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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19
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Brinkman HR, Hoyt DL, Fedorenko EJ, Mendes WB, Leyro TM. Cardiac Vagal Control Among Community Cigarette Smokers with Low to Moderate Depressive Symptoms. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2023; 48:159-169. [PMID: 36732418 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in cardiac vagal control (CVC) have been independently linked to smoking status and depression and are implicated in self-regulatory processes that may exacerbate depressive symptoms and maintain smoking behavior. Yet, few studies have examined how depressive symptoms, even at low levels, influence CVC reactivity among individuals who smoke. Investigating these relationships may provide novel insights into how depressive symptoms exacerbate existing regulatory vulnerabilities among smokers. This study investigated how depression symptoms affect CVC reactivity as a function of changing situational demands among a community sample of 60 daily adult cigarette smokers. Participants completed a mildly demanding cognitive task while physiological data was recorded. Growth curve modeling was used to examine the main and interactive effects of self-reported depressive symptoms on CVC reactivity over the course of the task. We hypothesized that greater depressive symptoms would be associated with less CVC reactivity, characterized by smaller initial reductions in CVC values and a flatter slope over time. Participants were daily smokers with mild to moderate levels of depression. Final model results, where time was specified as linear and the slope was fixed, showed no significant main or interactive effects of time and depression symptoms on CVC reactivity. Findings suggest that at low to moderate levels, depressive symptom severity is not related to patterns of CVC reactivity among adults who smoke. This is the first study to examine this relationship in this population. Future investigations that examine patterns of CVC reactivity among smokers and non-smokers with more severe depression are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Brinkman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Danielle L Hoyt
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Erick J Fedorenko
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Wendy Berry Mendes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Teresa M Leyro
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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20
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E-cigarettes and myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2023; 371:65-70. [PMID: 36087629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With widespread awareness about the harmful effects of traditional smoking, many people are considering using an e-cigarette. However, many studies have shown that e-cigarettes are not entirely harmless, and their use has been implicated in causing major adverse cardiovascular events. METHODS We adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct this systematic review. An electronic search was conducted comprehensively through five databases to find the relevant articles. The odds ratio (OR) was used for comparing groups. Meta-analysis was conducted using R statistical software version 3.4.3. A random-effects model was used. RESULTS A total of 4 studies were included in the analysis incorporating data on 585,306 individuals. Of these, 19,435 were e-cigarettes users, while 1693 used only traditional cigarettes, and 553,095 were non-e-cigarette users. 7.0% of e-cigarettes users suffered an MI (myocardial infarction), while 7.7% and 6.5% of traditional smokers and non-e-cigarettes users suffered an MI. The OR of getting an MI in e-cigarettes (e-cigarettes only or e-cigarettes + traditional smoking) users was 1.33 (95% CI = 1.14-1.56, p-value = 0.01) in comparison to non e-cigarette users (traditional smoking or no smoking). While it is 0.61 (95% CI = 0.40-0.93, p-value 0.02) when compared with traditional smoking. CONCLUSION Those using e-cigarettes have higher odds of suffering from an MI in comparison to not using e-cigarettes. However, using e-cigarettes is associated with half risk of the risk of MI in comparison to traditional smoking.
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21
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Allen MS, Tostes RC. Cigarette smoking and erectile dysfunction: an updated review with a focus on pathophysiology, e-cigarettes, and smoking cessation. Sex Med Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qeac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Cigarette smoking has major health implications and causes substantial damage to all organ systems. Approximately one-third of men are active smokers worldwide, and most men are unaware that cigarette smoking can contribute to erectile dysfunction (ED).
Objectives
This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of research conducted on cigarette smoking and ED, with a particular focus on pathophysiology, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), and smoking cessation.
Methods
A manual literature search was conducted on all research conducted on cigarette smoking and ED up to October 2022.
Results
Substantial evidence is now available showing that past and current cigarette smoking has dose-dependent associations with ED in studies controlling for age and important health comorbidities. Cigarette smoke contains nicotine, carbon monoxide, oxidant chemicals, and metals that can damage the endothelium and disrupt erectile processes. For current smokers, smoking abstinence can strengthen the endothelium and reverse diminished erectile function. The effect of e-cigarettes on endothelial damage and ED remains largely untested. E-cigarettes expose users to fine and ultrafine particles and toxins that can increase risk of cardiovascular injury, but these acute effects appear less potent than conventional cigarettes (long-term cardiovascular effects are still unknown). E-cigarettes are therefore likely to have less harmful effects on ED than conventional cigarettes.
Conclusions
Smoking cessation programs that focus on nicotine replacement therapy (transdermal patches, gum, or inhalers), behavioral counseling, social support, and education programs can be effective approaches to ED treatment in active smokers. Temporarily transferring from regular cigarettes to e-cigarettes—which transmit some of the same carcinogens as conventional cigarettes and are likely to have some long-term cardiovascular effects that disrupt erectile function—might also be useful for long-term smoking cessation and treatment of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Allen
- Department of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies , Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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La Rosa G, Vernooij R, Qureshi M, Polosa R, O'Leary R. Clinical testing of the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette substitution for smoking: a living systematic review. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:917-928. [PMID: 36609804 PMCID: PMC10081981 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Some persons who smoke have substituted e-cigarettes for tobacco cigarettes, either completely or partially. What effect does this have on cardiovascular functioning? We conducted a living systematic review on human clinical studies measuring the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette substitution for smoking. The Scopus, PubMed, and CENTRAL Cochrane Library databases were searched on January 31 and April 29, 2021. Three secondary searches and a grey literature search were conducted. Included study designs were randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental clinical trials, and cohort studies. Risk of bias and study quality were evaluated with the JBI Critical Appraisal tools and the Oxford Catalogue of Bias. The systematic review covered 25 studies comprising 1810 participants who smoked. Twenty studies were rated at high risk of bias, and five as some concerns. A tabular synthesis by direction of effect was conducted due to heterogeneity in the data. Nearly two-thirds of the test analyses indicated that e-cigarette use had no significance difference compared with tobacco cigarettes on heart rate, blood pressure, and in other cardiovascular tests. In two studies, participants with hypertension experienced a clinically relevant reduction in systolic blood pressure after 1 year of e-cigarette use. E-cigarette substitution incurs no additional cardiovascular risks, and some possible benefits may be obtained, but the evidence is of low to very low certainty. An update search on May 30, 2022 retrieved five studies that did not alter our conclusion.Registration PROSPERO #CRD42021239094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy La Rosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Robin Vernooij
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Qureshi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 Torre Biologica 11 Piano, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Renée O'Leary
- Center for Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 Torre Biologica 11 Piano, 95123, Catania, Italy.
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23
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Feng S, Huang F, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Wang X. The pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms of atmospheric PM 2.5 affecting cardiovascular health: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114444. [PMID: 38321663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) is a leading environmental risk factor for global cardiovascular health concern. OBJECTIVE To provide a roadmap for those new to this field, we reviewed the new insights into the pathophysiological and cellular/molecular mechanisms of PM2.5 responsible for cardiovascular health. MAIN FINDINGS PM2.5 is able to disrupt multiple physiological barriers integrity and translocate into the systemic circulation and get access to a range of secondary target organs. An ever-growing body of epidemiological and controlled exposure studies has evidenced a causal relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A variety of cellular and molecular biology mechanisms responsible for the detrimental cardiovascular outcomes attributable to PM2.5 exposure have been described, including metabolic activation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, inflammation, dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling, disturbance of autophagy, and induction of apoptosis, by which PM2.5 exposure impacts the functions and fates of multiple target cells in cardiovascular system or related organs and further alters a series of pathophysiological processes, such as cardiac autonomic nervous system imbalance, increasing blood pressure, metabolic disorder, accelerated atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability, platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and disruption in cardiac structure and function, ultimately leading to cardiovascular events and death. Therein, oxidative stress and inflammation were suggested to play pivotal roles in those pathophysiological processes. CONCLUSION Those biology mechanisms have deepen insights into the etiology, course, prevention and treatment of this public health concern, although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been entirely clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Feng
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Fangfang Huang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yashi Feng
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yunchang Cao
- The Department of Molecular Biology, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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24
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Moheimani RS, Kajbaf J, Chang Chien GC. Patient Factors Affecting Regenerative Medicine Outcomes. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75517-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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25
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Kopp W. Pathogenesis of (smoking-related) non-communicable diseases-Evidence for a common underlying pathophysiological pattern. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1037750. [PMID: 36589440 PMCID: PMC9798240 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1037750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases, like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and other more are a leading cause of death in almost all countries. Lifestyle factors, especially poor diet and tobacco consumption, are considered to be the most important influencing factors in the development of these diseases. The Western diet has been shown to cause a significant distortion of normal physiology, characterized by dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and immune system, as well as disruption of physiological insulin and oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis, all of which play critical roles in the development of these diseases. This paper addresses the question of whether the development of smoking-related non-communicable diseases follows the same pathophysiological pattern. The evidence presented shows that exposure to cigarette smoke and/or nicotine causes the same complex dysregulation of physiology as described above, it further shows that the factors involved are strongly interrelated, and that all of these factors play a key role in the development of a broad spectrum of smoking-related diseases. Since not all smokers develop one or more of these diseases, it is proposed that this disruption of normal physiological balance represents a kind of pathogenetic "basic toolkit" for the potential development of a range of non-communicable diseases, and that the decision of whether and what disease will develop in an individual is determined by other, individual factors ("determinants"), such as the genome, epigenome, exposome, microbiome, and others. The common pathophysiological pattern underlying these diseases may provide an explanation for the often poorly understood links between non-communicable diseases and disease comorbidities. The proposed pathophysiological process offers new insights into the development of non-communicable diseases and may influence the direction of future research in both prevention and therapy.
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26
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Pipe AL, Mir H. E-Cigarettes Reexamined: Product Toxicity. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:1395-1405. [PMID: 36089290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), has been accompanied by controversy regarding their safety and effectiveness as a cessation aid and by an explosion in their use by youth. Their use does not involve the combustion of tobacco and the creation of harmful combustion products; they have been seen as a "harm reduction" tool that may be of assistance in promoting smoking cessation. Recognition that ENDS can deliver an array of chemicals and materials with known adverse consequences has spurred more careful examination of these products. Nicotine, nitrosamines, carbonyl compounds, heavy metals, free radicals, reactive oxygen species, particulate matter, and "emerging chemicals of concern" are among the constituents of the heated chemical aerosol that is inhaled when ENDS are used. They raise concerns for cardiovascular and respiratory health that merit the attention of clinicians and regulatory agencies. Frequently cited concerns include evidence of disordered respiratory function, altered hemodynamics, endothelial dysfunction, vascular reactivity, and enhanced thrombogenesis. The absence of evidence of the consequences of their long-term use is of additional concern. Their effectiveness as cessation aids and beneficial impact on health outcomes continue to be examined. It is important to ensure that their production and availability are thoughtfully regulated to optimise their safety and permit their use as harm reduction devices and potentially as smoking-cessation aids. It is equally vital to effectively prevent them from becoming ubiquitous consumer products with the potential to rapidly induce nicotine addiction among large numbers of youth. Clinicians should understand the nature of these products and the implications of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Pipe
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Hassan Mir
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Electronic Cigarette and Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Latest Evidences. Int J Vasc Med 2022; 2022:4136811. [PMID: 36093338 PMCID: PMC9453087 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4136811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery diseases (CAD), also known as coronary heart disease (CHD), are the world’s leading cause of death. The basis of coronary artery disease is the narrowing of the heart coronary artery lumen due to atherosclerosis. The use of electronic cigarettes has increased significantly over the years. However, harmful effects of electronic cigarettes are still not firm. The aim of this article is to review the impact of electronic cigarette and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis from recent studies. The results showed that several chemical compounds, such as nicotine, propylene glycol, particulate matters, heavy metals, and flavorings, in electronic cigarette induce atherosclerosis with each molecular mechanism that lead to atherosclerosis progression by formation of ROS, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. Further research is still needed to determine the exact mechanism and provide more clinical evidence.
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28
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Smoking is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, disease severity, and mortality among patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infections. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270763. [PMID: 35839264 PMCID: PMC9286231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection are in part dependent upon age and pre-existing health conditions. Although the use of tobacco products decreases cardiorespiratory fitness while increasing susceptibility to microbial infections, limited information is available on how smoking affects COVID-19 severity. Therefore, we examined whether smokers hospitalized for COVID-19 are at a greater risk for developing severe complications than non-smokers. Data were from all hospitalized adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection from the American Heart Association's Get-With-The-Guidelines COVID-19 Registry, from January 2020 to March 2021, which is a hospital-based voluntary national registry initiated in 2019 with 122 participating hospitals across the United States. Patients who reported smoking at the time of admission were classified as smokers. Severe outcome was defined as either death or the use of mechanical ventilation. Of the 31,545 patients in the cohort, 6,717 patients were 1:2 propensity matched (for age, sex, race, medical history, medications, and time-frame of hospital admission) and classified as current smokers or non-smokers according to admission data. In multivariable analyses, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, medication use, and the time of hospital admission, patients self-identified as current smokers had higher adjusted odds of death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.41; 95% CI, 1.21-1.64), the use of mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.15; 95% CI 1.01-1.32), and increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI 1.05-1.52). Independent of sociodemographic characteristics and medical history, smoking was associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19, including death.
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29
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Dimitriadis K, Narkiewicz K, Leontsinis I, Konstantinidis D, Mihas C, Andrikou I, Thomopoulos C, Tousoulis D, Tsioufis K. Acute Effects of Electronic and Tobacco Cigarette Smoking on Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure in Humans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3237. [PMID: 35328926 PMCID: PMC8952787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking increases blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity, whereas there are scarce data on the impact of electronic cigarette (EC) smoking. We assessed the acute effects of TC, EC and sham smoking on blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic nervous system. Methods: We studied 12 normotensive male habitual smokers (mean age 33 years) free of cardiovascular disease. The study design was randomized and sham controlled with three experimental sessions (sham smoking, TC smoking and EC smoking). After baseline measurements at rest, the subjects were then asked to smoke (puffing habits left uncontrolled) two TC cigarettes containing 1.1 mg nicotine, EC smoking or simulated smoking with a drinking straw with a filter (sham smoking), in line with previous methodology. Results: EC smoking at 5 and 30 min compared to baseline was accompanied by the augmentation of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (p < 0.001 for all). The muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) decrease was significant during both TC and EC sessions (p < 0.001 for both comparisons) and was similar between them (−25.1% ± 9.8% vs. −34.4% ± 8.3%, respectively, p = 0.018). Both MSNA decreases were significantly higher (p < 0.001 for both comparisons) than that elicited by sham smoking (−4.4% ± 4.8%). Skin sympathetic nerve activity increase was significant in both TC and EC groups (p < 0.001 for both comparisons) and similar between them (73.4% ± 17.9% and 71.9% ± 7%, respectively, p = 0.829). Conclusions: The unfavorable responses of sympathetic and arterial pressure to EC smoking are similar to those elicited by TC in healthy habitual smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Dimitriadis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.D.); (I.L.); (D.K.); (C.M.); (I.A.); (C.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ioannis Leontsinis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.D.); (I.L.); (D.K.); (C.M.); (I.A.); (C.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Dimitris Konstantinidis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.D.); (I.L.); (D.K.); (C.M.); (I.A.); (C.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Costas Mihas
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.D.); (I.L.); (D.K.); (C.M.); (I.A.); (C.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Ioannis Andrikou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.D.); (I.L.); (D.K.); (C.M.); (I.A.); (C.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Costas Thomopoulos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.D.); (I.L.); (D.K.); (C.M.); (I.A.); (C.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.D.); (I.L.); (D.K.); (C.M.); (I.A.); (C.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.D.); (I.L.); (D.K.); (C.M.); (I.A.); (C.T.); (D.T.)
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30
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Elevated muscle sympathetic activity in former smokers with heart failure. Clin Auton Res 2022; 32:151-154. [PMID: 35182279 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-022-00857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xu D, Jing J, Jiang M, Li F. Difference of body surface temperature in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different degree of airflow limitation. Heart Lung 2022; 52:130-135. [PMID: 35016108 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the changes of body surface temperature of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and explore its clinical significance for the progression of COPD. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between body surface temperature and disease severity in COPD patients. METHODS From May 2015 to May 2016, the patients who were diagnosed as COPD at stable phase (n = 148) were enrolled in this study. The subjects in control group (n = 49) were healthy people. The patients' general condition modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale and the COPD assessment test (CAT) score were recorded, and pulmonary function of patients was determined. Back average temperature measurement was made using a thermal infrared imager (DT-9875, CEM, China). RESULTS Patients in the COPD group had significantly lower mean temperatures of the back than those in the control group. The mean temperature of the back presented a decreased tendency with the aggravation of airflow limitation. Correlation analysis revealed that in the COPD group, the back temperature was negatively correlated with smoking index and mMRC score. FEV1%, FVC% and FEV1/FVC were positively correlated with pulmonary function. Smoking showed a tendency to lower the back temperature of COPD patients. CONCLUSIONS This study preliminarily suggested that the body surface temperature of COPD patients decreased compared with that of healthy people, which may be associated with the dysfunction of autonomic nerve, increased basal metabolic rate, metabolic syndrome and peripheral nerve injury in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China; National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China; National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Respiratory Disease), Xinjiang, China
| | - Dan Xu
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China; National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Jing
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China; National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang, China
| | - Min Jiang
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China; National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Respiratory Disease), Xinjiang, China
| | - Fengsen Li
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China; National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang, China.
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Menshov VA, Trofimov AV, Zagurskaya AV, Berdnikova NG, Yablonskaya OI, Platonova AG. Influence of Nicotine from Diverse Delivery Tools on the Autonomic Nervous and Hormonal Systems. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010121. [PMID: 35052800 PMCID: PMC8773565 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Through measurements of the heart rate variability (HRV) accompanied by the pertinent biomarker assays, the effects of nicotine and byproducts derived from alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS) on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hormonal system have been investigated. Methods: HRV was studied in a group of volunteers (17 people), involving non-smokers, i.e., who never smoked before (11), ex-smokers (4) and active smokers (2). ANDS and smoking simulators, including regular, nicotine-free and electronic cigarettes; tobacco heating systems; chewing gums and nicotine packs of oral fixation (nic-packs), were used. Blood pressure, levels of stress hormones in saliva and catecholamines in the blood were also monitored. Results: HRV analysis showed relatively small changes in HRV and in the other studied parameters with the systemic use of nic-packs with low and moderate nicotine contents (up to 6 mg) compared to other ANDS. Conclusions: The HRV method is proven to be a promising technique for evaluation of the risks associated with smoking, dual use of various ANDS and studying the biomedical aspects of smoking cessation. Nic-packs are shown to be leaders in biological safety among the studied ANDS. A sharp surge in the activity of the sympathetic division of the ANS within the first minutes of the use of nicotine packs implies that nicotine begins to act already at very low doses (before entering the blood physically in any significant amount) through fast signal transmission to the brain from the nicotinic and taste buds located in the mouth area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerii A. Menshov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.B.); (O.I.Y.)
- Correspondence: (V.A.M.); (A.V.T.); Tel.: +7-495-9397358 (A.V.T.); Fax: +7-499-1374101 (V.A.M. & A.V.T.)
| | - Aleksei V. Trofimov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.B.); (O.I.Y.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.A.M.); (A.V.T.); Tel.: +7-495-9397358 (A.V.T.); Fax: +7-499-1374101 (V.A.M. & A.V.T.)
| | | | - Nadezda G. Berdnikova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.B.); (O.I.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga I. Yablonskaya
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.B.); (O.I.Y.)
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Chi Y, Wang X, Jia J, Huang T. Smoking Status and Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Shared Genetic Etiology and Causal Relationship. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:809445. [PMID: 35250867 PMCID: PMC8894600 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.809445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore shared genetic etiology and the causality between smoking status and type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and related metabolic traits. METHODS Using summary statistics from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we estimated genetic correlations between smoking status and T2D, 6 major CVDs, and 8 related metabolic traits with linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis; identified shared genetic loci with large-scale genome-wide cross-trait meta-analysis; explored potential shared biological mechanisms with a series of post-GWAS analyses; and determined causality with Mendelian randomization (MR). RESULTS We found significant positive genetic associations with smoking status for T2D (Rg = 0.170, p = 9.39 × 10-22), coronary artery disease (CAD) (Rg = 0.234, p = 1.96 × 10-27), myocardial infarction (MI) (Rg = 0.226, p = 1.08 × 10-17), and heart failure (HF) (Rg = 0.276, p = 8.43 × 10-20). Cross-trait meta-analysis and transcriptome-wide association analysis of smoking status identified 210 loci (32 novel loci) and 354 gene-tissue pairs jointly associated with T2D, 63 loci (12 novel loci) and 37 gene-tissue pairs with CAD, 38 loci (6 novel loci) and 17 gene-tissue pairs with MI, and 28 loci (3 novel loci) and one gene-tissue pair with HF. The shared loci were enriched in the exo-/endocrine, cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, and genital systems. Furthermore, we observed that smoking status was causally related to a higher risk of T2D (β = 0.385, p = 3.31 × 10-3), CAD (β = 0.670, p = 7.86 × 10-11), MI (β = 0.725, p = 2.32 × 10-9), and HF (β = 0.520, p = 1.53 × 10-6). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide strong evidence on shared genetic etiology and causal associations between smoking status and T2D, CAD, MI, and HF, underscoring the potential shared biological mechanisms underlying the link between smoking and T2D and CVDs. This work opens up a new way of more effective and timely prevention of smoking-related T2D and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Chi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinzhu Jia, ; Tao Huang,
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinzhu Jia, ; Tao Huang,
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Klug NR, Nelson MT. Enhanced Vascular Contractility Following Secondhand Smoke Exposure: A Pathological "Double-hit" to Critical Smooth Muscle Ion Channels. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 3:zqab061. [PMID: 35330927 PMCID: PMC8788768 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Klug
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, VT, USA
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Glenski TA, Dorris CE, Patel GM, Taylor CM, Doyle NM. Vaping Associated Cardiac Arrest at School in a Teenager with Anomalous Left Coronary Artery. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2021; 118:450-452. [PMID: 34658439 PMCID: PMC8504503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of electronic cigarette use is increasing at an astonishing pace, particularly in the teenage population. While at school, a healthy 13-year-old male experienced a sudden cardiac arrest after vaping multiple times throughout the day. Workup revealed an anomalous left coronary artery originating from the right sinus of Valsalva. Given this patient's underlying anomalous left coronary artery, we suspect that sympathoexcitatory and arrhythmogenic effects of high dose nicotine from vaping led to his cardiovascular collapse. This is the first published case report of a vaping associated cardiac arrest in a patient of this age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Glenski
- Anesthesiologist, is at Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri and Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri (UMKC-SOM KCMO)
| | | | - Gina M Patel
- Fellow in Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, and UMKC-SOM KCMO
| | - Christian M Taylor
- Anesthesiologist, is at Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri and Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, UMKC-SOM KCMO
| | - Nichole M Doyle
- Anesthesiologist, is at Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri and Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, UMKC-SOM KCMO
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Wedn AM, El-Bassossy HM, Eid AH, El-Mas MM. Modulation of preeclampsia by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: Therapeutic perspectives. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114703. [PMID: 34324867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is vital for the orchestration of the immune and inflammatory responses under normal and challenged conditions. Over the past two decades, peripheral and central circuits of CAP have been shown to be critically involved in dampening the inflammatory reaction in a wide array of inflammatory disorders. Additionally, emerging evidence supports a key role for CAP in the regulation of the female reproductive system during gestation as well as in the advent of serious pregnancy-related inflammatory insults such as preeclampsia (PE). Within this framework, the modulatory action of CAP encompasses the perinatal maternal and fetal adverse consequences that surface due to antenatal PE programming. Albeit, a considerable gap still exists in our knowledge of the precise cellular and molecular underpinnings of PE/CAP interaction, which hampered global efforts in safeguarding effective preventive or therapeutic measures against PE complications. Here, we summarize reports in the literature regarding the roles of peripheral and reflex cholinergic neuroinflammatory pathways of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in reprogramming PE complications in mothers and their progenies. The possible contributions of α7-nAChRs, cholinesterases, immune cells, adhesion molecules, angiogenesis, and endothelial dysfunction to the interaction have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla M Wedn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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Monroe DC, McDowell CP, Kenny RA, Herring MP. Dynamic associations between anxiety, depression, and tobacco use in older adults: Results from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 139:99-105. [PMID: 34058656 PMCID: PMC8527842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports moderate-to-large reductions in anxiety, depression, and perceived stress after smoking cessation; however, much of the available evidence has focused on young adults. Therefore, this study quantified associations between smoking and smoking cessation on prevalent and incident generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression (MDD) in a nationally representative sample of Irish older adults. Participants (n = 6201) were community dwelling adults aged ≥50 years resident in Ireland. Smoking status and self-reported doctor diagnosis of anxiety or depression prior to baseline were assessed at baseline (i.e., Wave 2). At baseline and 2-, 4-, and 6-year follow-up (i.e., Waves 3-5), GAD and MDD were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short-Form. Logistic regression quantified cross-sectional and prospective associations (odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs)) between smoking status and mental health. Prevalence and incidence of GAD was 9.1% (n = 566) and 2.8% (n = 148), respectively. Prevalence and incidence of depression was 11.1% (n = 686) and 6.4% (n = 342), respectively. Following full adjustment, current smokers had higher odds of prevalent GAD (OR = 1.729, 1.332-2.449; p < 0.001) and MDD (OR = 1.967, 1.548-2.499; p < 0.001) than non-smokers. Former smokers had higher odds of prevalent GAD than non-smokers (OR = 1.276, 1.008-1.616; p < 0.001). Current smokers did not have higher odds of incident MDD (OR = 1.399, 0.984-1.990; p = 0.065) or GAD than non-smokers (1.039, 0.624-1.730; p = 0.881). Findings may have important implications for interventions designed to curb tobacco abuse, which tend to be less successful among those with anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C. Monroe
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA,Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cillian P. McDowell
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland,Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland,Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew P. Herring
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland,Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Burrage EN, Aboaziza E, Hare L, Reppert S, Moore J, Goldsmith WT, Kelley EE, Mills A, Dakhlallah D, Chantler PD, Olfert IM. Long-term cerebrovascular dysfunction in the offspring from maternal electronic cigarette use during pregnancy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H339-H352. [PMID: 34170194 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00206.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) have been promoted as harm-free or less risky than smoking, even for women during pregnancy. These claims are made largely on E-cig aerosol having fewer number of toxic chemicals compared with cigarette smoke. Given that even low levels of smoking are found to produce adverse birth outcomes, we sought to test the hypothesis that vaping during pregnancy (with or without nicotine) would not be harm-free and would result in vascular dysfunction that would be evident in offspring during adolescent and/or adult life. Pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to E-cig aerosol (1 h/day, 5 days/wk, starting on gestational day 2 until pups were weaned) using e-liquid with 0 mg/mL (E-cig0) or 18 mg/mL nicotine (E-cig18) and compared with ambient air-exposed controls. Body mass at birth and at weaning were not different between groups. Assessment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity revealed a 51%-56% reduction in endothelial-dependent dilation response to acetylcholine (ACh) for both E-cig0 and E-cig18 in 1-mo, 3-mo (adolescent), and 7-mo-old (adult) offspring (P < 0.05 compared with air, all time points). MCA responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and myogenic tone were not different across groups, suggesting that endothelial-independent responses were not altered. The MCA vasoconstrictor response (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) was also not different across treatment and age groups. These data demonstrate that maternal vaping during pregnancy is not harm-free and confers significant cerebrovascular health risk/dysfunction to offspring that persists into adult life. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These data established that vaping electronic cigarettes during pregnancy, with or without nicotine, is not safe and confers significant risk potential to the cerebrovascular health of offspring in early and adult life. A key finding is that vaping without nicotine does not protect offspring from cerebrovascular dysfunction and results in the same level of cerebrovascular dysfunction (compared with maternal vaping with nicotine), indicating that the physical and/or chemical properties from the base solution (other than nicotine) are responsible for the cerebrovascular dysfunction that we observed. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/maternal-vaping-impairs-vascular-function-in-theoffspring/.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Burrage
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - E Aboaziza
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - L Hare
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - S Reppert
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - J Moore
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - W T Goldsmith
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - E E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - A Mills
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - D Dakhlallah
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - P D Chantler
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - I M Olfert
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Park SK, Ryoo JH, Kang JG, Jung JY. Smoking Status, Intensity of Smoking, and Their Relation to Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Working Aged Korean Men. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1176-1182. [PMID: 33537724 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is an established risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of smoking on left ventricular (LV) structure has been less studied. This study was designed to assess the association of smoking status and smoking intensity with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). METHODS Study subjects were 53,666 working aged Korean men who received echocardiography as an item of health check up. They were grouped by smoking status (never, former, and current smokers), pack-year of smoking (never, <10, 10-19.9, and ≥20 pack-year), and urine cotinine excretion (<100, 100-999, ≥1000 ng/mL). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used in calculating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval for LVH (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence interval]). The proportions of abnormal LV geometry patterns were compared among groups. RESULTS Former and current smokers had the higher levels in LV mass index, relative wall thickness, and the prevalence of LVH than never smoker. The association with LVH increased in order of never (reference), former (1.44 [1.01-2.04]), and current smokers (2.10 [1.44-3.05]). LVH showed the proportional relationship with pack-year of smoking (never smoker: reference, <10: 1.45 [1.01-2.08], 10-19.9: 1.73 [1.17-2.57], ≥20: 2.43 [1.58-3.74]) and urine cotinine excretion (never smoker: reference, 100-999: 1.70 [1.21-2.37], >1000: 1.97 [1.43-2.72]). The proportions of abnormal LV geometry patterns were higher in smoking groups than never smoking group. CONCLUSION Exposure to tobacco use and intensity of smoking was associated with LVH in working aged population. IMPLICATIONS In working aged Koreans with mean age of 39.9 ± 7.0 years, former and current smokers are more likely to have LVH than never smoker. Dose-dependent relationship was found between the smoking status (never, former, and current smokers), pack-year of smoking, urine cotinine excretion, and LVH. These findings indicate that smoking has an adverse influence on LV structure even in relatively young age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Park
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ryoo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gyu Kang
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Young Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Noguchi KS, Moncion K, Wiley E, MacDonald MJ, Richardson J, Roig M, Tang A. Prolonged Elevation of Arterial Stiffness Following Peak Aerobic Exercise in Individuals With Chronic Stroke. Front Physiol 2021; 12:666171. [PMID: 34079473 PMCID: PMC8165203 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.666171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a highly disabling condition and is the second leading cause of death globally. Engaging in aerobic exercise is important for the prevention of a recurrent stroke through improving markers of cardiovascular health such as blood pressure and arterial stiffness. While higher intensities of aerobic exercise generally elicit greater cardioprotective effects, little is known about the acute cardiovascular effects of a single session of high intensity aerobic exercise in people with stroke. The objective of this study was to model the recovery of arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, cfPWV), heart rate and blood pressure following peak intensity aerobic exercise in individuals with chronic stroke. Methods Ten participants with chronic stroke (mean ± SD age = 56.9 ± 11.8 years, median [IQR] years post-stroke = 2.9 [1.9]) performed a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a recumbent stepper. Before the CPET, resting cfPWV, heart rate and blood pressure were measured. Immediately following the CPET, all outcomes were measured again continuously for 20 min to use all available observations (n = 245 observations) and capture any potential non-linear changes. Mixed model analyses were then applied to model post-exercise changes of cfPWV, heart rate and blood pressure. Results Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was increased from rest following the CPET (9.0 ± 0.53 to 9.9 ± 0.52 m/s, p < 0.001) and remained elevated for 20 min into post-exercise recovery, independent of heart rate (p = 0.001). Heart rate also increased from baseline (71.2 ± 3.2 to 77.4 ± 3.1 bpm, p < 0.001) and remained elevated for 10 min post-exercise (p < 0.001). Finger systolic blood pressure was reduced from rest (117.3 ± 4.7 to 111.8 ± 4.6 mmHg, p < 0.001) and remained reduced for 15 min after exercise (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in finger diastolic or mean arterial pressures from rest. Conclusion This was the first study to capture continuous changes in cfPWV following peak aerobic exercise in any clinical population. The present study revealed that cfPWV is elevated for 20 min after peak aerobic exercise in individuals with stroke, which was independent of heart rate. These findings suggest there may be autonomic imbalances in large arteries following peak intensity aerobic exercise in individuals with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Noguchi
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Moncion
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elise Wiley
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Julie Richardson
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Roig
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory, Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation, Laval, QC, Canada.,School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ada Tang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Wayne State University Detroit MI
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- University Hospitals, Harrington Heart and Vascular InstituteCase Western Reserve University Cleveland OH
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Lee K, Cheatham CC, Mack GW. Cold-induced vasodilation in abstinent smokers with and without a 12-hour nicotine patch. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12701. [PMID: 33866635 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify the effects of a 12-h nicotine patch administration on cold induced vasodilation (CIVD) in healthy young chronic smokers following 16 h of abstinence from smoking. Two laser Doppler probes and temperature thermocouples were placed on the dorsal part of the distal phalanx of the middle and ring fingers of 7 smokers (>12 cigarettes/day). Following 16 h of abstinence from smoking, smokers were tested with and without administration of a 21 mg transdermal nicotine patch (NicoDerm® ). Each participant's right hand was immersed in cold (~5°C) water for 40 min. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from non-invasive arterial finger blood pressure and skin blood flow and expressed as a percentage of peak CVC observed during hand skin heating to 44°C. For comparison purposes, the CIVD response of a non-smoking cohort without nicotine patch (n = 10) was also examined. Baseline CVC was similar in smokers and non-smokers (27.8 ± 12.6 CVC % peak). The initial vasoconstriction during cold-water immersion decreased skin blood flow to 4.0 ± 3.9 CVC % peak in both smokers and non-smokers. The onset of CIVD in smokers (4.5 ± 1.5 min) was delayed compared to non-smoker (3.3 ± 0.8 min, p < .05). The area under the CVC %peak-time curve during cold-water immersion averaged 1250 ± 388 CVC %peak · min in non-smokers which was larger (p < .05) than smokers with or without nicotine (789 ± 542 and 862 ± 517 CVC %peak · min, respectively). Chronic smoking impaired the CIVD response to cold-water immersion of the hand; however, the impaired CIVD response in 16 h of abstinence from smoking was not influenced by application of a 21 mg transdermal nicotine patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichang Lee
- John B. Pierce Laboratory and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service & Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher C Cheatham
- John B. Pierce Laboratory and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Health, Physical Education & Recreation, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Gary W Mack
- John B. Pierce Laboratory and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Miguel JP, Dias ADC, Bettini NR, Sousa SABAD, Durão MPL, Oliveira LVDC, Monedeiro F, Ramalho LNZ, Branco LGS, Sabino JPJ, Durand MDT. Cigarette smoke exposure causes systemic and autonomic cardiocirculatory changes in rats depending on the daily exposure dose. Life Sci 2021; 277:119498. [PMID: 33864817 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the systemic changes and autonomic cardiocirculatory control of awaken rats chronically exposed to the cigarette smoke (CS) of 1 or 2 cigarettes/day. MAIN METHODS Rats were exposed to clean air (control) or cigarette smoke of 1 (CS1) or 2 (CS2) cigarettes/animal/day for 30 days. Then, arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in conscious rats to assess spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and HR and AP variabilities. Evoked baroreflex and cardiac autonomic tone were evaluated by vasoactive drugs and autonomic blockers, respectively. In another group, ventilatory and cardiovascular parameters were recorded under hypoxia and hypercapnia stimulus. At the end of protocols, heart, lung, kidneys and liver were collected for histological analysis. KEY FINDINGS Rats exposed to CS showed morphological changes, being more evident in the CS2 group. Also, less weight gain and cardiac hypertrophy were prominent in CS2 rats. Basal AP and HR, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and cardiovascular variabilities were similar among groups. CS exposure progressively blunted the bradycardia response to phenylephrine (-2.2 ± 0.1 vs. -1.7 ± 0.2 vs. -1.5 ± 0.2) while the tachycardia response to sodium nitroprusside was slightly increased compared to control. Vagal tone was not affected by CS, but CS2 rats exhibited higher sympathetic tone (-25 ± 4 vs. -28 ± 4 vs. -56 ± 9) and lower intrinsic HR (411 ± 4 vs. 420 ± 8 vs. 390 ± 6). Exposure to CS of 2 cigarettes also exacerbated the reflex cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. SIGNIFICANCE CS exposure for 30 days promoted systemic changes and autonomic cardiocirculatory dysfunction in rats depending on the daily exposure dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Miguel
- Medical School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucas Vaz de Castro Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Monedeiro
- Department of Chemistry, Physiology and Basic Pathology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Guilherme S Branco
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Jacob Sabino
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Foschi M, Giannini G, Merli E, Mancinelli L, Zenesini C, Viti B, Guaraldi P, Cortelli P, Lugaresi A. Frequency and characteristics of dysautonomic symptoms in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional double-center study with the validated Italian version of the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:1395-1403. [PMID: 32776288 PMCID: PMC7955976 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysautonomic symptoms (DS) are frequent but often underrecognized in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, despite the relevant impact on quality of life and physical performance. OBJECTIVES To assess frequency and characteristics of DS in our MS population compared with healthy controls (HC). To investigate the relationship between DS and disease characteristics (MS subtype, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), clinical and/or radiological activity, disability progression). PATIENTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study includes 324 MS patients (mean age 44.9 ± 10.7 years; 66% female) and 190 HC (mean age 40.60 ± 12.83 years; 63% female). DS were assessed using the Italian validated version of the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31 (COMPASS-31). Possible confounding factors were considered. RESULTS More than 94% of enrolled MS patients reported alterations in ≥ 2 domains of the COMPASS-31 scale (score > 0) and significantly higher COMPASS-31 total and single domain median scores compared with HC, independently from possible confounding factors (orthostatic intolerance: p = 0.001; vasomotor: p = 0.017; secretomotor: p = 0.040; gastrointestinal: p = 0.047; bladder: p < 0.001; pupillomotor: p < 0.001; COMPASS-31 total score: p < 0.001). COMPASS-31 total, secretomotor, gastrointestinal, and bladder domain scores showed weak to moderate correlation with disease duration (Rho = 0.19, p < 0.001; Rho = 0.18, p = 0.01; Rho = 0.25, p = 0.030; Rho = 0.28, p < 0.001, respectively). A moderate correlation between EDSS score, COMPASS-31 total, and bladder domain scores (Rho = 0.32, p < 0.001 and Rho = 0.48, p < 0.001, respectively) was observed. Progressive subtypes showed higher COMPASS-31 total (p = 0.025), gastrointestinal (p = 0.07), and bladder (p < 0.001) domain scores vs relapsing-remitting patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that MS-related DS are frequent and tend to increase paralleling disease duration and clinical worsening, reaching the highest clinical impact in progressive subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Foschi
- U.O.C. Neurologia - Ospedale S. Maria delle Croci, AUSL Romagna - ambito di Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giulia Giannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinica Neurologica Rete Neurologica Metropolitana - IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 3A, BO, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Merli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Mancinelli
- U.O.C. Neurologia - Ospedale Maurizio Bufalini, AUSL Romagna - ambito di Cesena, Cesena, Italy
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- Unità di Epidemiologia e Statistica - IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 3A, BO, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Viti
- Divisione di Neurologia - Ospedale Infermi, AUSL Romagna - ambito di Rimini, Rimini, Italy
| | - Pietro Guaraldi
- Clinica Neurologica Rete Neurologica Metropolitana - IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 3A, BO, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinica Neurologica Rete Neurologica Metropolitana - IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 3A, BO, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lugaresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- UOSI Riabilitazione Sclerosi Multipla, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 3A, 40139, Bologna, BO, Italy.
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Masuda AMM, Trevisan IB, Gouveia TDS, Tacao GY, Ramos EMC, Ramos D. Acute Effect of Resistance Exercise on Mucociliary Clearance in Active Smokers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Amirahmadi R, Childress J, Patel S, Wagner LA. Electric cigarette-related lung injury and cardiovascular insult. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e238352. [PMID: 33674290 PMCID: PMC7939015 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarette use are unknown. Here we present a case describing a young, previously healthy patient without prior cardiopulmonary comorbidities who developed severe, acute cardiac dysfunction in the setting of e-cigarette use, in addition to the more commonly encountered respiratory symptoms. While pulmonary manifestations are characteristic of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), the acute and reversible cardiomyopathy seen here has not been previously described in association with either EVALI or e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Amirahmadi
- Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Childress
- Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonika Patel
- Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Wagner
- Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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El-Mahdy MA, Mahgoup EM, Ewees MG, Eid MS, Abdelghany TM, Zweier JL. Long-term electronic cigarette exposure induces cardiovascular dysfunction similar to tobacco cigarettes: role of nicotine and exposure duration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2112-H2129. [PMID: 33606584 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00997.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cig) vaping (ECV) has been proposed as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarette smoking (TCS); however, this remains controversial due to a lack of long-term comparative studies. Therefore, we developed a chronic mouse exposure model that mimics human vaping and allows comparison with TCS. Longitudinal studies were performed to evaluate alterations in cardiovascular function with TCS and ECV exposure durations of up to 60 wk. For ECV, e-cig liquid with box-mod were used and for TCS, 3R4F-cigarettes. C57/BL6 male mice were exposed 2 h/day, 5 days/wk to TCS, ECV, or air control. The role of vape nicotine levels was evaluated using e-cig-liquids with 0, 6, or 24 mg/mL nicotine. Following 16-wk exposure, increased constriction to phenylephrine and impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation were observed in aortic segents, paralleling the onset of systemic hypertension, with elevations in systemic vascular resistance. Following 32 wk, TCS and ECV induced cardiac hypertrophy. All of these abnormalities further increased out to 60 wk of exposure, with elevated heart weight and aortic thickness along with increased superoxide production in vessels and cardiac tissues of both ECV and TCS mice. While ECV-induced abnormalities were seen in the absence of nicotine, these occurred earlier and were more severe with higher nicotine exposure. Thus, long-term vaping of e-cig can induce cardiovascular disease similar to TCS, and the severity of this toxicity increases with exposure duration and vape nicotine content.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A chronic mouse exposure model that mimics human e-cigarette vaping and allows comparison with tobacco cigarette smoking was developed and utilized to perform longitudinal studies of alterations in cardiovascular function. E-cigarette exposure led to the onset of cardiovascular disease similar to that with tobacco cigarette smoking. Impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation with increased adrenergic vasoconstriction were observed, paralleling the onset of systemic hypertension and subsequent cardiac hypertrophy. This cardiovascular toxicity was dependent on exposure duration and nicotine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mahdy
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elsayed M Mahgoup
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Ewees
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud S Eid
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tamer M Abdelghany
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Santalla M, Pagola L, Gómez I, Balcazar D, Valverde CA, Ferrero P. Smoking flies: testing the effect of tobacco cigarettes on heart function of Drosophila melanogaster. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio.055004. [PMID: 33431431 PMCID: PMC7903996 DOI: 10.1242/bio.055004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies about the relationship between substances consumed by humans and their impact on health, in animal models, have been a challenge due to differences between species in the animal kingdom. However, the homology of certain genes has allowed extrapolation of certain knowledge obtained in animals. Drosophila melanogaster, studied for decades, has been widely used as model for human diseases as well as to study responses associated with the consumption of several substances. In the present work we explore the impact of tobacco consumption on a model of 'smoking flies'. Throughout these experiments, we aim to provide information about the effects of tobacco consumption on cardiac physiology. We assessed intracellular calcium handling, a phenomenon underlying cardiac contraction and relaxation. Flies chronically exposed to tobacco smoke exhibited an increased heart rate and alterations in the dynamics of the transient increase of intracellular calcium in myocardial cells. These effects were also evident under acute exposure to nicotine of the heart, in a semi-intact preparation. Moreover, the alpha 1 and 7 subunits of the nicotinic receptors are involved in the heart response to tobacco and nicotine under chronic (in the intact fly) as well as acute exposure (in the semi-intact preparation). The present data elucidate the implication of the intracellular cardiac pathways affected by nicotine on the heart tissue. Based on the probed genetic and physiological similarity between the fly and human heart, cardiac effects exerted by tobacco smoke in Drosophila advances our understanding of the impact of it in the human heart. Additionally, it may also provide information on how nicotine-like substances, e.g. neonicotinoids used as insecticides, affect cardiac function.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Santalla
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, UNNOBA, Monteagudo 2772, Pergamino B2700, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares 'Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani', CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Av 60 & 120. UNLP, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Lucía Pagola
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares 'Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani', CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Av 60 & 120. UNLP, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Ivana Gómez
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares 'Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani', CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Av 60 & 120. UNLP, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Darío Balcazar
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, UNLP-CONICET, Bv 120s/n, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Valverde
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares 'Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani', CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Av 60 & 120. UNLP, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Paola Ferrero
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, UNNOBA, Monteagudo 2772, Pergamino B2700, Argentina .,Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares 'Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani', CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Av 60 & 120. UNLP, La Plata B1900, Argentina
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Shahandeh N, Chowdhary H, Middlekauff HR. Vaping and cardiac disease. Heart 2021; 107:1530-1535. [PMID: 33574049 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco cigarette smoking is the most prevalent reversible risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the USA. Electronic cigarettes, invented as an alternative nicotine source for smokers unable or unwilling to stop smoking, have gained skyrocketing popularity, but their cardiovascular risk remains uncertain. Although data recently analysed in a Cochran report do support their superior effectiveness to other forms of nicotine replacement therapies for smoking cessation, electronic cigarettes are also frequently used by non-smokers-especially high school students. There are no long-term outcome studies on the cardiovascular risk of vaping electronic cigarettes, but the effects of electronic cigarettes on known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including neurohumoural activation, oxidative stress and inflammation, endothelial function and thrombosis, have been studied. In this review, we summarise evidence in humans that supports the notion that while electronic cigarettes may be less harmful than traditional cigarettes, they are not harmless. Additionally, the increasing popularity of vaping marijuana with its unknown cardiovascular risks as well as the outbreak in 2019 of EVALI (electronic cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury) related to bootlegged vaping products raise further concerns. Before physicians can confidently advise their smoking patients about the role of electronic cigarettes as a means of smoking cessation to lower cardiovascular risk, improved regulation and quality control is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negeen Shahandeh
- Division of Cardiology, UCLA Medical School, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Harshika Chowdhary
- Division of Cardiology, UCLA Medical School, Los Angeles, California, USA
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One-year change in resting heart rate and subsequent risk of hypertension in healthy Chinese adults. Blood Press Monit 2021; 26:39-45. [PMID: 32701565 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in baseline resting heart rate (RHR) appear to predict new-onset hypertension (NOH). However, RHR is a dynamic anthropometric parameter; thus, the association between changes in RHR and NOH requires further investigation. METHODS We studied 10 403 participants who were initially normotensive and who had at least one routine health examination at baseline and 1 year later during 2011-2016. We compared the RHR between the baseline and 1-year follow-up. We defined hypertension as SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg. Participants were divided into three groups: RHR decreased, RHR unchanged [from 0 to 10 beats per minute (bpm)], and RHR increased ≥10 bpm. Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate relative risk with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between NOH and RHR change. RESULTS During a mean follow-up period of 2.42 years, 1173 (11.28%) participants developed hypertension. After adjusting for age, sex, SBP, DBP, RHR and other confounders obtained at baseline, and compared with participants with unchanged RHR, participants with decreased RHR had a 17% decreased risk of NOH (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.95), whereas subjects with RHR that increased ≥10 bpm had a 23% increased risk of NOH (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.46). CONCLUSION A 1-year increase in RHR for initially normotensive subjects is an independent risk factor for subsequent hypertension.
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