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Halade GV, Upadhyay G, Marimuthu M, Wanling X, Kain V. Exercise reduces pro-inflammatory lipids and preserves resolution mediators that calibrate macrophage-centric immune metabolism in spleen and heart following obesogenic diet in aging mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 188:79-89. [PMID: 38364731 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the role of volunteer exercise and an obesogenic diet (OBD) in mice, focusing on the splenocardiac axis and inflammation-resolution signaling. Male C57BL/6J mice (2 months old) were assigned to control (CON) or OBD groups for ten months, then randomized into sedentary (Sed) or exercise (Exe) groups for two weeks. Leukocytes, heart function, structure, and spleen tissue examined for inflammation-resolution mediators and macrophage-centric gene transcripts. After two weeks of volunteer exercise, cardiac function shows limited changes, but structural changes were notable in the heart and spleen. Exercise induced cardiac nuclear hyperplasia observed in both CON and OBD groups. OBD-Sed mice showed splenic changes and increased neutrophils, whereas increased neutrophils were noted in the CON post exercise. OBD-Sed increased pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in the heart, reduced by exercise in OBD-Exe, while CON-Exe preserved resolution mediators. Chronic OBD-Sed depletes long chain fatty acids (DHA/EPA) in the heart and spleen, while exercise independently regulates lipid metabolism genes in both organs, affecting macrophage-centric lipid and lipoprotein pathways. Chronic obesity amplified cardiac inflammation, countered by exercise that lowered pro-inflammatory bioactive lipid mediators in the heart. OBD sustained inflammation in the heart and spleen, while exercise conserved resolution mediators in CON mice. In summary, these findings emphasize the interplay of diet with exercise and highlight the intricate connection of diet, exercise, inflammation-resolution signaling in splenocardiac axis and immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Heart Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Gunjan Upadhyay
- Heart Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - MathanKumar Marimuthu
- Heart Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xuan Wanling
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Heart Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Tang LH, Doherty P, Skou ST, Harrison A. Optimal outcomes from cardiac rehabilitation are associated with longer-term follow-up and risk factor status at 12 months: An observational registry-based study. Int J Cardiol 2023:S0167-5273(23)00720-9. [PMID: 37201610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is to promote and reduce risk factors in the short and long term, however, the latter has, to date, been poorly evaluated. We explored characteristics associated with provision and outcomes of a long-term assessment in CR. METHOD Data from the UK National Audit of CR between April 2015 and March 2020 was used. Programmes were selected if they had an established mechanism and routine methodology to collect the 12-month assessments. Risk factors pre and post phase II CR and at the 12-month assessment were explored; BMI ≤30, ≥150 min of physical activity per week, hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) scores <8. The data came from 32 programmes, 24,644 patients with coronary heart disease. Patients being in at least one optimal risk factor stage throughout phase II CR (OR = 1.43 95% CI 1.28 to 1.59) or successfully reaching an optimal stage during phase II CR (OR = 1.61 95% CI 1.44 to 1.80) had an increased likelihood of being assessed at 12 months compared to those who did not. Patients being in the optimal stage upon completion of phase II CR had an increased likelihood of still being in the optimal stage at 12 months. Most prominent was BMI; (OR = 14.6 (95% CI 11.1 to 19.2) for patients reaching an optimal stage throughout phase II CR. CONCLUSION Being in an optimal stage upon routine CR completion could be an overlooked predictor in the provision of a long-term CR service and prediction of longer-term risk factor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hermann Tang
- The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Denmark; The Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark & Department of Health Sciences, University of York, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Patrick Doherty
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, England, United Kingdom
| | - Søren T Skou
- The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Denmark; Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alexander Harrison
- The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, England, United Kingdom; Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Denmark; The Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Health Sciences, Denmark
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3
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Sankova MV, Nikolenko VN, Oganesyan MV, Vovkogon AD, Gadzhiakhmedova AN, Zharikova TS, Zharikov YO. Identifying sex-specific injury predictors as a key factor in maintaining optimal physical activity levels. World J Orthop 2023; 14:146-154. [PMID: 36998385 PMCID: PMC10044326 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v14.i3.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal physical activity is known to reduce cardiovascular, respiratory and endocrine system diseases and, as a consequence, improve quality of life. An important risk factor for reinjuries during normal exercise is the initial connective tissue pathology. The variety of clinical dysplastic manifestations significantly complicate the timely diagnosis of this comorbidity.
AIM To establish pathognomonic sex-specific dysplasia phenotypes that indicate a particular sensitivity to physical exertion.
METHODS The study involved 117 participants with recurrent musculoskeletal injuries that occurred during normal exercise. There were 67 women (57.26%) and 50 men (42.74%), which made it possible to compare the presence of the identified signs between sexes. A validated questionnaire was used to screen their connective tissue status.
RESULTS Ranking the most commonly revealed dysplasia signs depending on their clinical significance made it possible to establish pathognomonic sex-specific phenotypes that indicated a particular susceptibility to injuries. Individualized programs of optimal physical activity are necessary for men with chest deformities, flat-valgus feet, dolichostenomelia, arachnodactylia, hemorrhoids, abdominal muscle diastasis and recurrent hernias. In women, special sensitivity to physical exertion was associated with a combination of signs such as asthenic body, joint hypermobility, overly soft auricles, thin hyperelastic skin, atrophic striae, telangiectasias and varicose veins. Of particular importance were universal signs such as gothic palate, scoliosis, kyphosis, leg deformities, temporomandibular joint crunching, and moderate to high myopia.
CONCLUSION Participants’ connective tissue condition should be considered when designing optimal physical activity programs. Identifying the established sex-specific dysplasia phenotypes will allow timely optimization of training loads, thus reducing the risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Sankova
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 125009, Russia
- Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marine V Oganesyan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 125009, Russia
- Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andjela D Vovkogon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 125009, Russia
- European Osteopathic Clinical Center of the Moscow Branch of the “Medical Academy of Osteopathic Education”, Saint Petersburg 199106, Russia
| | - Aida N Gadzhiakhmedova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Zharikova
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 125009, Russia
- Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yury O Zharikov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 125009, Russia
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR. Non-Invasive Pulsatile Shear Stress Modifies Endothelial Activation; A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123050. [PMID: 36551807 PMCID: PMC9775985 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The monolayer of cells that line both the heart and the entire vasculature is the endothelial cell (EC). These cells respond to external and internal signals, producing a wide array of primary or secondary messengers involved in coagulation, vascular tone, inflammation, and cell-to-cell signaling. Endothelial cell activation is the process by which EC changes from a quiescent cell phenotype, which maintains cellular integrity, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, to a phenotype that is prothrombotic, pro-inflammatory, and permeable, in addition to repair and leukocyte trafficking at the site of injury or infection. Pathological activation of EC leads to increased vascular permeability, thrombosis, and an uncontrolled inflammatory response that leads to endothelial dysfunction. This pathological activation can be observed during ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and sepsis. Shear stress (SS) and pulsatile shear stress (PSS) are produced by mechanical frictional forces of blood flow and contraction of the heart, respectively, and are well-known mechanical signals that affect EC function, morphology, and gene expression. PSS promotes EC homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The archetype of inducing PSS is exercise (i.e., jogging, which introduces pulsations to the body as a function of the foot striking the pavement), or mechanical devices which induce external pulsations to the body (Enhanced External Pulsation (EECP), Whole-body vibration (WBV), and Whole-body periodic acceleration (WBPA aka pGz)). The purpose of this narrative review is to focus on the aforementioned noninvasive methods to increase PSS, review how each of these modify specific diseases that have been shown to induce endothelial activation and microcirculatory dysfunction (Ischemia reperfusion injury-myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest and resuscitation), sepsis, and lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis syndrome (LPS)), and review current evidence and insight into how each may modify endothelial activation and how these may be beneficial in the acute and chronic setting of endothelial activation and microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
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Rossing P, Caramori ML, Chan JC, Heerspink HJ, Hurst C, Khunti K, Liew A, Michos ED, Navaneethan SD, Olowu WA, Sadusky T, Tandon N, Tuttle KR, Wanner C, Wilkens KG, Zoungas S, de Boer IH. KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int 2022; 102:S1-S127. [PMID: 36272764 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alfredo Sierra-Ramírez J, Saucedo-Bueno L, Lilia García-Hernández A, Martínez-Dávalos A, Rodríguez-López C, Elisa Drago-Serrano M, Godínez-Victoria M. Moderate aerobic exercise on bone quality changes associated with aging and oxidative stress in balb/c mice. J Biomech 2022; 135:111035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Construction of Sports and Health Data Resources and Transformation of Teachers' Orientation Based on Web Database. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:4372406. [PMID: 35178228 PMCID: PMC8843996 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4372406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the intelligent era, emerging information technology helps to transform the information society into an intelligent society and the educational system into a new educational ecology. Teachers must change their roles to be competent for future education and teaching as a result of social transformation, technology application, and education development. Simultaneously, figuring out how to sort sports health data and analyze students' physical health information with a low error rate is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Data management skills are an unavoidable requirement of the current state of school physical education. Sports health information management will become easier as computer technology advances and the country places a greater emphasis on computer networks. This paper proposes a Web database-based sports health data management system. This paper can help schools understand the relationship between important factors and indicators that affect students' health in order to guide them in making timely changes to their physical education programs. Provide a reasonable sports health plan based on scientific analysis and evaluation to achieve the goal of improving students' physical quality and reducing workload.
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Schnohr P, O'Keefe JH, Lavie CJ, Holtermann A, Lange P, Jensen GB, Marott JL. U-Shaped Association Between Duration of Sports Activities and Mortality: Copenhagen City Heart Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:3012-3020. [PMID: 34412854 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the duration of weekly leisure-time sports activity and all-cause mortality. METHODS As part of the prospective Copenhagen City Heart Study, 8697 healthy adults completed a comprehensive questionnaire about leisure-time sports activities. Duration (minutes per week) of leisure-time sports activities was recorded for tennis, badminton, soccer, handball, cycling, swimming, jogging, calisthenics, health club activities, weightlifting, and other sports. The primary end point was all-cause mortality, and the median follow-up was 25.6 years. The association between duration of leisure-time sports activities and all-cause mortality was studied using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS Compared with the reference group of 2.6 to 4.5 hours of weekly leisure-time sports activities, we found an increased risk for all-cause mortality for those with 0 hours (hazard ratio [HR], 1.51; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.76), for those with 0.1 to 2.5 hours (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.46), and for those with more than 10 hours (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.39) of weekly leisure-time sports activities. These relationships were generally consistent with additional adjustments for potential confounders among subgroups of age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol intake, and body mass index, when the first 5 years of follow-up were excluded, and for cardiovascular disease mortality. CONCLUSION We observed a U-shaped association between weekly duration of leisure sports activities and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, with lowest risk for those participating in 2.6 to 4.5 weekly hours, being consistent across subgroups. Participation in sport activities should be promoted, but the potential risk of very high weekly hours of sport participation should be considered for inclusion in guidelines and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schnohr
- Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Lange
- Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Medical Department, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Gorm Boje Jensen
- Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jacob Louis Marott
- Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Sabooteh S, Feizi A, Shekarchizadeh P, Shahnazi H, Mostafavi F. Designing and evaluation of E-health educational intervention on students' physical activity: an application of Pender's health promotion model. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:657. [PMID: 33823833 PMCID: PMC8025486 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to design and evaluate the software and web-based curriculum based on Pender Model in order to promote students' physical activity. METHODS This is a quasi-experimental study conducted on 225 eligible students who were randomly divided into two groups of web and software-based intervention and control. The sample size of the study was selected using stratified sampling method. The evaluation was done with pre-test and post-test and follow-up, which were performed immediately two and six months following the intervention. The data were analyzed employing statistical software SPSS using descriptive statistics, chi-square, one way ANOVA, and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS The obtained results revealed that the level of physical activity after the intervention in the web and software groups significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean score of Pender model constructs, immediately two and six months after the intervention, was significantly different in the web and software groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that, providing tailored message based on health promotion model's constructs has a positive effect on promoting physical activity of students. TRIAL REGISTRATION Name: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. Registration number: IRCT20181009041298N1 . Registration date: 2018-12-02 [retrospectively registered].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sabooteh
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parivash Shekarchizadeh
- Department of General courses, School of Management and Medical Information Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahnazi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Mostafavi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR, Sackner MA. The Endothelium as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes: A Narrative Review and Perspective. Front Physiol 2021; 12:638491. [PMID: 33708143 PMCID: PMC7940370 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.638491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has reached worldwide epidemic proportions, and threatens to be a significant economic burden to both patients and healthcare systems, and an important driver of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Improvement in lifestyle interventions (which includes increase in physical activity via exercise) can reduce diabetes and cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity. Encouraging a population to increase physical activity and exercise is not a simple feat particularly in individuals with co-morbidities (obesity, heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and those with cognitive and physical limitations). Translation of the physiological benefits of exercise within that vulnerable population would be an important step for improving physical activity goals and a stopgap measure to exercise. In large part many of the beneficial effects of exercise are due to the introduction of pulsatile shear stress (PSS) to the vascular endothelium. PSS is a well-known stimulus for endothelial homeostasis, and induction of a myriad of pathways which include vasoreactivity, paracrine/endocrine function, fibrinolysis, inflammation, barrier function, and vessel growth and formation. The endothelial cell mediates the balance between vasoconstriction and relaxation via the major vasodilator endothelial derived nitric oxide (eNO). eNO is critical for vasorelaxation, increasing blood flow, and an important signaling molecule that downregulates the inflammatory cascade. A salient feature of diabetes, is endothelial dysfunction which is characterized by a reduction of the bioavailability of vasodilators, particularly nitric oxide (NO). Cellular derangements in diabetes are also related to dysregulation in Ca2+ handling with increased intracellular Ca2+overload, and oxidative stress. PSS increases eNO bioavailability, reduces inflammatory phenotype, decreases intracellular Ca2+ overload, and increases antioxidant capacity. This narrative review and perspective will outline four methods to non-invasively increase PSS; Exercise (the prototype for increasing PSS), Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP), Whole Body Vibration (WBV), Passive Simulated Jogging and its predicate device Whole Body Periodic Acceleration, and will discuss current knowledge on their use in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Marvin A Sackner
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
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Martins LCG, Lopes MVDO, Diniz CM, Guedes NG. The factors related to a sedentary lifestyle: A meta-analysis review. J Adv Nurs 2020; 77:1188-1205. [PMID: 33368524 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare factors associated with the sedentary lifestyle described in the literature with the factors listed in NANDA International. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis of factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle in adolescents, adults and older people. DATA SOURCES An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Latin America and the Caribbean Literature on Health and Science databases conducted in May 2016. REVIEW METHODS Descriptive data were extracted according to a standardized form. The odds ratios for each etiological factor associated with a sedentary lifestyle were extracted directly from the articles or calculated from the data described therein. The meta-analysis was conducted for factors that were investigated in more than one study. RESULTS Thirty-five articles were included. The statistically significant factors were: lack of social support, of physical space, of time, of motivation, of sports skills and of interest in physical activity, intolerance to activity, being retired, living in a low-income country, laziness, not having a job/studying, low socioeconomic status and level of knowledge about physical activity, female gender, living in an urban area, negative self-perception of health, using public transportation, being in the oldest age group in the study and perceived physical disability. CONCLUSION The new factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle and those already included in the NANDA International classification will lead to better clinical guidance for nurses. IMPACT Knowledge about these factors can contribute directly to public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camila Maciel Diniz
- Federal University of Ceará, 1115 Alexandre Baraúna St, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, 60430-160, Brazil
| | - Nirla Gomes Guedes
- Federal University of Ceará, 1115 Alexandre Baraúna St, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, 60430-160, Brazil
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Wang Y, Lü J, Rong J, Song L, Wang W, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Huang L. Acute Effects of Two Types of Dumbbell Exercise on Oxygenated Hemodynamic Concentration of Cerebral Activation in Healthy Young Male Adults: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:519171. [PMID: 33250726 PMCID: PMC7674780 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.519171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine cerebral cortical activation differences in the frontal cortex and parietal lobe during the performance of two types of dumbbell exercise. Methods: A total of 22 young healthy male adults (mean age, 23.8 ± 2.05 years; height, 1.75 ± 0.06 m; weight, 71.4 ± 8.80 kg) participated in a crossover design study that involved two experimental exercise conditions: momentum dumbbell and conventional dumbbell. Performance tasks included 10, 10-s sets of single-arm dumbbell exercise, with a rest interval of 60 s between sets and a 5-min washout period between conditions. The primary outcome was the cerebral concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) in the frontal cortex and parietal lobe assessed during performance of both exercises using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The secondary outcome was upper-limb muscle activation measured using surface electromyography (sEMG). Outcome data were ascertained during exercise. Results: A significant between-condition difference in HbO2 was observed in the frontal and parietal regions with an increase in HbO2 during momentum, relative to conventional, dumbbell exercise (p < 0.05). Compared to conventional dumbbell exercise, performing a momentum dumbbell exercise led to a higher level of muscle activation in the anterior and posterior deltoids of the upper arm and in the flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis longus of the forearm (p < 0.05). However, no between-condition differences were found in the biceps and triceps brachii (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dynamic, compared with conventional, dumbbell exercise resulted in higher hemodynamic responses and greater upper-limb muscle activation in young healthy adults. The findings of this study showed differential cortical hemodynamic responses during performance of the two types of dumbbell exercise with a higher activation level produced during momentum-based dumbbell exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lü
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifeng Rong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Liu Lingyan Huang
| | - Lingyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Liu Lingyan Huang
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13
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Health Literacy and Physical Activity: A Systematic Review. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:1259-1274. [PMID: 33129198 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of health literacy (HL) in health promotion is increasingly clear and acknowledged globally, especially when addressing noncommunicable diseases. This paper aimed to collect and summarize all current data from observational studies generating evidence of the association between HL and physical activity (PA) and to analyze intervention studies on the promotion of PA to ascertain whether HL moderates the efficacy of such intervention. METHODS A comprehensive systematic literature search of observational studies investigating the association between HL and PA was performed. Intervention studies on the promotion of PA that also measured the HL levels of participants and its effect on the outcome of the intervention were also identified. RESULTS Of the 22 studies included in this review, 18 found a significant positive association between high HL and high levels of PA. The only intervention study among them indicated that HL was not a significant moderator of the intervention's effectiveness. CONCLUSION HL can enable individuals to make deliberate choices about their PA and thus contribute to preventing many chronic noncommunicable diseases. That said, low levels of HL do not seem to influence the efficacy of health promotion interventions.
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Umegaki H, Uemura K, Makino T, Hayashi T, Cheng XW, Kuzuya M. Association of fear of falling with cognitive function and physical activity in older community-dwelling adults. Eur Geriatr Med 2020; 12:99-106. [PMID: 33025501 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study addressed a two-part question. First, is cognitive decline associated with fear of falling (FoF)? Second, if this association is observed, is there also an association between FoF and physical activity (PA) independent of cognitive decline? METHODS Participants in the study were community-dwelling Japanese residents between 65 and 85 years of age (N = 458, mean age = 72.4 ± 4.6, male = 53.7%). Step counts were recorded, as was objectively measured PA, divided into (1) low-intensity PA and (2) moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA. Three groups were determined based on FoF: low, moderate, and high. Neuropsychological tests were also conducted. RESULTS Participants with high FoF had slower processing speed. low-intensity PA was associated with only high FoF, but after controlling for processing speed, the significance of this association was attenuated. Shorter time of moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA was associated with high FoF, even in the full model controlling for other factors. All FoF levels were associated with lower step counts. CONCLUSION older community-dwelling adults with high FoF were found to have had declined cognitive speed/ Second, both moderate and high FoF were associated with moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA and step counts in older community-dwelling adults, with the high FoF group performing shorter time of moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA and fewer steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Umegaki
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Uemura
- Liberal Arts and Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Taeko Makino
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation and Care, Seijoh University, Tokai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hayashi
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation and Care, Seijoh University, Tokai, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
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15
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de Boer IH, Caramori ML, Chan JC, Heerspink HJ, Hurst C, Khunti K, Liew A, Michos ED, Navaneethan SD, Olowu WA, Sadusky T, Tandon N, Tuttle KR, Wanner C, Wilkens KG, Zoungas S, Rossing P. KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int 2020; 98:S1-S115. [PMID: 32998798 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Christensen RH, Wedell-Neergaard AS, Lehrskov LL, Legaard GE, Dorph E, Larsen MK, Launbo N, Fagerlind SR, Seide SK, Nymand S, Ball M, Vinum NB, Dahl CN, Henneberg M, Ried-Larsen M, Boesen MP, Christensen R, Karstoft K, Krogh-Madsen R, Rosenmeier JB, Pedersen BK, Ellingsgaard H. Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Cardiac Adipose Tissues: Secondary Analyses From a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2020; 4:778-787. [PMID: 31268469 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Importance Epicardial and pericardial adipose tissues are emerging as important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and there is a growing interest in discovering strategies to reduce the accumulation of fat in these depots. Objective To investigate whether a 12-week endurance or resistance training intervention regulates epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue mass. Design, Setting, and Participants Secondary analysis of a randomized, assessor-blinded clinical trial initiated on August 2016 and completed April 2018. This single-center, community-based study included 50 physically inactive participants with abdominal obesity. Interventions Participants were randomized to a supervised high-intensity interval endurance training (3 times a week for 45 minutes), resistance training (3 times a week for 45 minutes), or no exercise (control group). Main Outcomes and Measures Change in epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue mass assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, based on a prespecified secondary analysis plan including 3 of 5 parallel groups. Results Of 50 participants (mean [SD] age, 41 [14] years, 10 men [26%]; mean [SD] body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], 32 [5]), 39 [78%] completed the study. Endurance training and resistance training reduced epicardial adipose tissue mass by 32% (95% CI, 10%-53%) and 24% (95% CI, 1%-46%), respectively, compared with the no exercise control group (56% [95% CI, 24%-88%]; P = .001 and 48% [95% CI, 15%-81%]; P < .001, respectively). While there was a nonsignificant reduction in pericardial adipose tissue mass after endurance training (11% [95% CI, -5% to 27%]; P = .17), resistance training significantly reduced pericardial adipose tissue mass by 31% (95% CI, 16%-47%; P < .001) when compared with the no exercise control group. Compared with the no exercise control group, there was an increase in left ventricular mass by endurance (20 g [95% CI, 11%-30%]; P < .001) and resistance training (18 g [95% CI, 8%-28%]; P < .001). Other cardiometabolic outcomes remained unchanged after the 12-week trial period. Conclusions and Relevance In individuals with abdominal obesity, both endurance and resistance training reduced epicardial adipose tissue mass, while only resistance training reduced pericardial adipose tissue mass. These data highlight the potential preventive importance of different exercise modalities as means to reduce cardiac fat in individuals with abdominal obesity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02901496.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regitse Højgaard Christensen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sophie Wedell-Neergaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Lang Lehrskov
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grit Elster Legaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Dorph
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monica Korsager Larsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natja Launbo
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Ravn Fagerlind
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Kofoed Seide
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Nymand
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Ball
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicole Buchner Vinum
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Nørfelt Dahl
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Henneberg
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Ploug Boesen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin Christensen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaya Birgitte Rosenmeier
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Capital Region of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helga Ellingsgaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Perez-Bey A, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Martinez-Gomez D, Mota J, Veiga OL, Lavie CJ, Castro-Piñero J. Bidirectional associations between fitness and fatness in youth: A longitudinal study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1483-1496. [PMID: 32297361 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to examine the bidirectional association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fatness in a 2-year longitudinal study conducted in young people. A total of 1082 children (512 females) and 727 adolescents (342 females) with complete data at baseline and follow-up were included. CRF was determined by the 20-m shuttle run test. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index and fat mass index (kg/m2 ) were calculated. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were assessed to compute body fat percentage. Bidirectionality was tested by including CRF and each fatness index as exposures and outcomes, alternatively, in different regression models. CRF was prospectively associated with fatness index levels (ß from -0.186 to -0.528; P < .001), remaining significant in children after adjusting for baseline fatness indices. Fatness indices were prospectively associated with CRF (ß from -0.207 to -0.479; P < .001), with no substantial changes observed in children and female adolescents when baseline CRF was considered. Changes in CRF were prospectively associated with several fatness indices, regardless of body fatness at baseline (ß from -0.062 to -0.220; P < .05). Body fatness changes were associated with future CRF levels, independently of baseline CRF, especially in children of both sexes and male adolescents (ß from -0.079 to -0.260; P < .05). Overall, a bidirectional association was observed between CRF and fatness in children and adolescents. The attainment of optimal CRF and fatness levels in early ages should be promoted since it could result in favorable future fatness and CRF levels, respectively, which are two key determinants of health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Perez-Bey
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Martinez-Gomez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports at Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
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18
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Thomas E, Bianco A, Tabacchi G, Marques da Silva C, Loureiro N, Basile M, Giaccone M, Sturm DJ, Şahin FN, Güler Ö, Gómez-López M, López Sánchez GF, Pajaujiene S, Zuoziene IJ, Rada A, Alesi M, Palma A. Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical Fitness of schoolchildren: The Enriched Sport Activity Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051723. [PMID: 32155773 PMCID: PMC7084442 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Physical fitness in youth is a predictor of health in adulthood. The main objective of the present study was to understand if an enriched sport activity program could increase physical fitness in a population of schoolchildren. Methods: In a sample of 672 children aged 10.0 ± 1.90 years, different motor skills were tested by the 1 kg and 3 kg ball throw (BT), the standing broad jump (SBJ), the 30 m sprint (30mS), the leger shuttle run (LSR), the illinois agility test (IGT), and the quadruped test (QT). Within the controlled-trial, the intervention group (ESA) underwent an additional warm-up protocol, which included cognitive enhancing elements, for 14 weeks while the control group continued with ordinary exercise activity. Results: A significant increase was present regarding the 1 kg and 3 kg BT, the SBJ, the 30mS, and the IGT, while no significant difference was shown regarding the QT and the LSR in the ESA group between pre and post intervention. In the control group, no differences were present for any test except for the QT and the LSR post-test. Conclusion: A 14-week structured physical intervention had moderate effects regarding throwing, jumping, sprinting, and agility in a sample of schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Thomas
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (E.T.); (A.B.); (G.T.); (M.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (E.T.); (A.B.); (G.T.); (M.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Garden Tabacchi
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (E.T.); (A.B.); (G.T.); (M.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Carlos Marques da Silva
- CIEQV-Life Quality Research Centre, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior-IPSANTAREM, Av. Dr. Mário Soares, 20413 RIO Maior, Portugal; (C.M.d.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Nuno Loureiro
- CIEQV-Life Quality Research Centre, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior-IPSANTAREM, Av. Dr. Mário Soares, 20413 RIO Maior, Portugal; (C.M.d.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Michele Basile
- University of Palermo Sport Center (CUS Palermo), Via Altofonte, 80, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcello Giaccone
- University of Palermo Sport Center (CUS Palermo), Via Altofonte, 80, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.)
| | - David J. Sturm
- Department of School of Sport and Health Sciences, Professorship of Educational Science in Sport and Health, Technical University of Munich, Uptown Munich Campus D, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992 Munich, Germany;
| | - Fatma Neşe Şahin
- Department of Sport and Health, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Golbaşı Yerleşkesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Golbaşı, 06830 Ankara, Turkey;
- Correspondence:
| | - Özkan Güler
- Department of Sport and Health, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Golbaşı Yerleşkesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Golbaşı, 06830 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Manuel Gómez-López
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, Calle Argentina, s/n., 30720 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (G.F.L.S.)
| | - Guillermo F. López Sánchez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, Calle Argentina, s/n., 30720 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (G.F.L.S.)
| | - Simona Pajaujiene
- Department of Coaching Science, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.P.); (I.J.Z.)
| | - Ilona Judita Zuoziene
- Department of Coaching Science, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.P.); (I.J.Z.)
| | - Ante Rada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Teslina 6, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Marianna Alesi
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (E.T.); (A.B.); (G.T.); (M.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Palma
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (E.T.); (A.B.); (G.T.); (M.A.); (A.P.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Resistant hypertension is defined as blood pressure above patient goal despite three different antihypertensive agents at optimal dose including a diuretic. Resistant hypertension is increasingly common issue in clinical practice and it is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS All patients with resistant hypertension should be evaluated for possible correctable factors associated with pseudoresistance, such as poor adherence, white coat hypertension and suboptimal measurement of blood pressure. In patients with resistant hypertension, thiazide diuretics should be considered as one of the first agents, in addition to mineralocorticoids receptor antagonist. SUMMARY Resistant hypertension can be associated with secondary cause that is why treatment can be challenging and should always include lifestyle modification and evaluation for possible secondary causes, in addition to adding a fourth agent or considering newer interventional therapies, such as renal denervation or other device-based options.
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Adams JA, Banderas V, Lopez JR, Sackner MA. Portable Gentle Jogger Improves Glycemic Indices in Type 2 Diabetic and Healthy Subjects Living at Home: A Pilot Study. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8317973. [PMID: 32215273 PMCID: PMC7081036 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8317973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a high-risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Increased physical activity improves indices of glycemic control. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) allows the investigation of glycemic control during activities of daily living. A pilot study was undertaken to determine the effects of the portable Gentle Jogger (passive simulated jogging device (JD)) that decreases physical inactivity by effortlessly producing body movements on glycemic indices of healthy and type 2 diabetes subjects using CGM during activities of daily living. METHODS A single-arm, nonblinded study was carried out in 22 volunteers (11 type 2 diabetics and 11 healthy subjects), using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for 14 days. On day 4, subjects were provided with JD and instructed to use it a minimum of 3 times per day for 30 min for 7 days. CGM data was analyzed at baseline (BL) and during 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days of JD (JD 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and 1-2-day post JD (Post JD1 and 2) and the following 24 hr indices computed mean glucose (mGLu), SUM of all glucose values, % coefficient of variation (%CV), area under the 24-hour curve (AUC), time spent above range (TAR, glucose 180-250 mg/dl), and time in range (TIR). RESULTS In healthy subjects, there were significantly lower values of mGlu and SUM compared to BL for all days of JD usage. In type 2 diabetics, mGlu, SUM, and AUC were significantly lower compared to BL, for all days of JD usage and Post JD1. TAR was significantly lower and TIR significantly improved during JD, in type 2 diabetics without change in %CV. CONCLUSION Gentle Jogger is a portable, passive movement technology that reduces physical inactivity while improving 24 hr glycemic control. It can be self-administered as a standalone device or as an adjunct to diabetic medications. This trial is registered with NCT03550105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Adams
- Division Neonatology Mt. Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jose R. Lopez
- Mount Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Marvin A. Sackner
- Medical Services, Mt. Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
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Nayak P, Kumaran SD, Babu AS, Maiya AG, Solomon JM. Levels of physical activity and quality of life among community-dwelling adults with stroke in a developing country. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2019.1663927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeepa Nayak
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Senthil D. Kumaran
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Abraham Samuel Babu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Arun G. Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - John M. Solomon
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Centre for Comprehensive Stroke Rehabilitation and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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22
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Hartshorn A, Kobylarz E, Andrew AS, Jobst BC, Bujarski K. Balance and reaction time do not rapidly improve off antiseizure drugs. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 97:158-160. [PMID: 31252272 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People with epilepsy (PWE) exercise less than the general population and describe a lower level of fitness. Exercise improves comorbidities associated with epilepsy and may help seizure control. We aimed to record balance and reaction time in patients undergoing antiseizure drug (ASD) taper in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) to determine if there is a reversible, dose-dependent effect of these medications. METHODS We tested 21 patients and 21 controls using a Wii Balance Board (WBB) and online reaction time test. The patients were recruited during an EMU stay and were tested before and after medication taper. Drug levels were also checked. Sway from center of pressure (COP) and speed of sway were tested with eyes open on two legs, eyes closed on two legs, and eyes open on one leg. Reaction time was tested. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients on ASDs had more sway from COP (with eyes open on two legs: p = 0.0022 in the anterior-posterior axis and p = 0.022 in the medial-lateral axis using linear regression) and worse reaction time (p < 0.001 using linear regression, adjusted for age and gender). There was no difference in reaction time or sway from COP between trials 1 and 2, before and after stopping ASDs (p = 0.2 using a paired t test for reaction time and p = 0.08 using a paired t test for speed of sway with eyes closed). There was no relationship between time since last seizure or duration of seizures and balance or reaction time. DISCUSSION Balance and reaction time in patients on ASD is impaired compared with controls. There is no immediate improvement in these measures following ASD withdrawal. This difference may result from vestibular or cerebellar effects. More research is needed to determine the individual effects of particular medications on balance and reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alendia Hartshorn
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States of America.
| | - Erik Kobylarz
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
| | - Barbara C Jobst
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
| | - Krzysztof Bujarski
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
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Silibinin Alleviates the Learning and Memory Defects in Overtrained Rats Accompanying Reduced Neuronal Apoptosis and Senescence. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1818-1829. [PMID: 31102026 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Excessive physical exercise (overtraining; OT) increases oxidative stress and induces damage in multiple organs including the brain, especially the hippocampus that plays an important role in learning and memory. Silibinin, a natural flavonoid derived from milk thistle of Silybum marianum, has been reported to exert neuroprotective effect. In this study, rats were subjected to overtraining exercise, and the protective effects of silibinin were investigated in these models. Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests showed that silibinin significantly attenuated memory defects in overtrained rats. At the same time, the results of Nissl, TUNEL and SA-β-gal staining showed that silibinin reversed neuronal loss caused by apoptosis, and delayed cell senescence of the hippocampus in the overtrained rats, respectively. In addition, silibinin decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels which is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Silibinin prevented impairment of learning and memory caused by excessive physical exercise in rats, accompanied by reduced apoptosis and senescence in hippocampus cells.
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Ventura HO, Stewart MH, Lavie CJ. New Guidelines, Increasing Hypertension Numbers, Resistance and Resistance to Change? Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:745-747. [PMID: 31054600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector O Ventura
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
| | - Merrill H Stewart
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Whelton SP, Dardari Z, Handy Marshall C, Ahmed H, Brawner CA, Ehrman JK, Keteyian SJ, Mallah MA, Blaha MJ. Relation of Isolated Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Mortality and Cardiorespiratory Fitness (from the Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project [FIT Project]). Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:1429-1434. [PMID: 30827489 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Isolated low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with lower fitness and increased mortality. Whether the association between isolated low HDL-C and mortality differs by fitness is uncertain. Patients in the Henry Ford ExercIse Testing Project (FIT Project) completed a physician-referred treadmill stress test and those prescribed lipid-lowering medications or with known cardiovascular disease were excluded. Isolated low HDL-C was defined as HDL-C <40 mg/dl for men and <50 mg/dl for women with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides <100 mg/dl (n = 688). An optimal lipid panel was defined as HDL-C ≥40 mg/dl for men and ≥50 mg/dl for women with LDL-C and triglycerides <100 mg/dl (n = 2,923). Mortality was ascertained through Social Security Death Index linkage. Patients with isolated low HDL-C had a mean age of 48.9 ± 12.9 years and 62.9% were women. Over a mean follow-up of 10.3 ± 5 years, 12.8% of patients with isolated low HDL-C and 8.7% with optimal lipids died. Compared to individuals with optimal lipids, those with isolated low HDL-C who achieved <6 METs had a lower survival (p = 0.02), whereas there was no mortality difference for those who achieved 6 to 10 METs (p = 0.13) or ≥10 METs (p = 0.66). In adjusted Cox models, the mortality hazard for those with isolated low HDL-C compared with optimal lipids was 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18 to 2.54), 1.90 (95% CI 1.19 to 3.04), and 0.97 (95% CI 0.53 to 1.78) for the METS categories of <6, 6 to 10, and ≥10. In conclusion, individuals with isolated low HDL-C fitness significantly improved risk stratification and only those with lower fitness had an increased totality mortality risk.
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Severin R, Sabbahi A, Mahmoud AM, Arena R, Phillips SA. Precision Medicine in Weight Loss and Healthy Living. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 62:15-20. [PMID: 30610881 PMCID: PMC6546173 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity affects 600 million people globally and over one third of the American population. Along with associated comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer; the direct and indirect costs of managing obesity are 21% of the total medical costs. These factors shed light on why developing effective and pragmatic strategies to reduce body weight in obese individuals is a major public health concern. An estimated 60-70% of obese Americans attempt to lose weight each year, with only a small minority able to achieve and maintain long term weight loss. To address this issue a precision medicine approach for weight loss has been considered, which places an emphasis on sustainability and real-world application to individualized therapy. In this article we review weight loss interventions in the context of precision medicine and discuss the role of genetic and epigenetic factors, pharmacological interventions, lifestyle interventions, and bariatric surgery on weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Severin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrated Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, United States of America; Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
| | - Ahmad Sabbahi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrated Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, United States of America; School of Physical Therapy, South College, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Abeer M Mahmoud
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrated Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrated Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrated Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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