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Peden DB. Respiratory Health Effects of Air Pollutants. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:15-33. [PMID: 37973257 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a risk factor for asthma and respiratory infection. Avoidance of air pollution is the best approach to mitigating the impacts of pollution. Personal preventive strategies are possible, but policy interventions are the most effective ways to prevent pollution and its effect on asthma and respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Peden
- Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology and, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, The School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC School of Medicine, 104 Mason Farm Road, CB#7310, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7310, USA.
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Gress C, Vogel-Claussen J, Badorrek P, Müller M, Hohl K, Konietzke M, Litzenburger T, Seibold W, Gupta A, Hohlfeld JM. The effect of bradykinin 1 receptor antagonist BI 1026706 on pulmonary inflammation after segmental lipopolysaccharide challenge in healthy smokers. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 82:102246. [PMID: 37562641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) signalling pathways may be involved in the inflammatory pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). B1R signalling is induced by inflammatory stimuli or tissue injury and leads to activation and increased migration of pro-inflammatory cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lung challenge in man is an experimental method of exploring inflammation in the lung whereby interference in these pathways can help to assess pharmacologic interventions in COPD. BI 1026706, a potent B1R antagonist, was hypothesized to reduce the inflammatory activity after segmental lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in humans due to decreased pulmonary cell influx. METHODS In a monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase I trial, 57 healthy, smoking subjects were treated for 28 days with either oral BI 1026706 100 mg bid or placebo. At day 21, turbo-inversion recovery magnitude magnetic resonance imaging (TIRM MRI) was performed. On the last day of treatment, pre-challenge bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and biopsies were sampled, followed by segmental LPS challenge (40 endotoxin units/kg body weight) and saline control instillation in different lung lobes. Twenty-four hours later, TIRM MRI was performed, then BAL and biopsies were collected from the challenged segments. In BAL samples, cells were differentiated for neutrophil numbers as the primary endpoint. Other endpoints included assessment of safety, biomarkers in BAL (e.g. interleukin-8 [IL-8], albumin and total protein), B1R expression in lung biopsies and TIRM score by MRI as a measure for the extent of pulmonary oedema. RESULTS After LPS, but not after saline, high numbers of inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils were observed in the airways. IL-8, albumin and total protein were also increased in BAL samples after LPS challenge as compared with saline control. There were no significant differences in cells or other biomarkers from BAL in volunteers treated with BI 1026706 compared with those treated with placebo. Unexpectedly, neutrophil numbers in BAL were 30% higher and MRI-derived extent of oedema was significantly higher with BI 1026706 treatment compared with placebo, 24 h after LPS challenge. Adverse events were mainly mild to moderate and not different between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with BI 1026706 for four weeks was safe and well-tolerated in healthy smoking subjects. BI 1026706 100 mg bid did not provide evidence for anti-inflammatory effects in the human bronchial LPS challenge model. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on January 14, 2016 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02657408).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gress
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Vogel-Claussen
- German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Philipp Badorrek
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Müller
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hohl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Abhya Gupta
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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Moore CM, Thornburg J, Secor EA, Hamlington KL, Schiltz AM, Freeman KL, Everman JL, Fingerlin TE, Liu AH, Seibold MA. Breathing zone pollutant levels are associated with asthma exacerbations in high-risk children. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.22.23295971. [PMID: 37790375 PMCID: PMC10543064 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.23295971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Indoor and outdoor air pollution levels are associated with poor asthma outcomes in children. However, few studies have evaluated whether breathing zone pollutant levels associate with asthma outcomes. Objective Determine breathing zone exposure levels of NO 2 , O 3 , total PM 10 and PM 10 constituents among children with exacerbation-prone asthma, and examine correspondence with in-home and community measurements and associations with outcomes. Methods We assessed children's personal breathing zone exposures using wearable monitors. Personal exposures were compared to in-home and community measurements and tested for association with lung function, asthma control, and asthma exacerbations. Results 81 children completed 219 monitoring sessions. Correlations between personal and community levels of PM 10 , NO 2 , and O 3 were poor, whereas personal PM 10 and NO 2 levels correlated with in-home measurements. However, in-home monitoring underdetected brown carbon (Personal:79%, Home:36.8%) and ETS (Personal:83.7%, Home:4.1%) personal exposures, and detected black carbon in participants without these personal exposures (Personal: 26.5%, Home: 96%). Personal exposures were not associated with lung function or asthma control. Children experiencing an asthma exacerbation within 60 days of personal exposure monitoring had 1.98, 2.21 and 2.04 times higher brown carbon (p<0.001), ETS (p=0.007), and endotoxin (p=0.012), respectively. These outcomes were not associated with community or in-home exposure levels. Conclusions Monitoring pollutant levels in the breathing zone is essential to understand how exposures influence asthma outcomes, as agreement between personal and in-home monitors is limited. Inhaled exposure to PM 10 constituents modifies asthma exacerbation risk, suggesting efforts to limit these exposures among high-risk children may decrease their asthma burden. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS In-home and community monitoring of environmental pollutants may underestimate personal exposures. Levels of inhaled exposure to PM 10 constituents appear to strongly influence asthma exacerbation risk. Therefore, efforts should be made to mitigate these exposures. CAPSULE SUMMARY Leveraging wearable, breathing-zone monitors, we show exposures to inhaled pollutants are poorly proxied by in-home and community monitors, among children with exacerbation-prone asthma. Inhaled exposure to multiple PM 10 constituents is associated with asthma exacerbation risk.
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Hosseini B, Berthon BS, Starkey MR, Collison A, McLoughlin RF, Williams EJ, Nichol K, Wark PA, Jensen ME, Da Silva Sena CR, Baines KJ, Mattes J, Wood LG. Children With Asthma Have Impaired Innate Immunity and Increased Numbers of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Compared With Healthy Controls. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664668. [PMID: 34220812 PMCID: PMC8248177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is the most frequent cause of hospitalisation among children; however, little is known regarding the effects of asthma on immune responses in children. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), PBMC composition and lung function in children with and without asthma. Methods Using a case-control design, we compared 48 children with asthma aged 3-11 years with 14 age-matched healthy controls. PBMC composition and cytokine production including interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-5 and lL-6 following stimulation with rhinovirus-1B (RV1B), house dust mite (HDM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured. Lung function was assessed using impulse oscillometry and nitrogen multiple breath washout. Results The frequency of group 2 innate lymphoid cells were significantly higher in asthmatics and PBMCs from asthmatics had deficient IFN-γ production in response to both RV1B and LPS compared with controls (P<0.01). RV1B-induced IL-1β response and HDM-stimulated IL-5 production was higher in asthmatics than controls (P<0.05). In contrast, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly reduced in response to HDM and LPS in asthmatics compared to controls (P<0.05). Children with asthma also had reduced pulmonary function, indicated by lower respiratory reactance as well as higher area of-reactance and lung clearance index values compared with controls (P<0.05). Conclusion Our study indicates that children with asthma have a reduced lung function in concert with impaired immune responses and altered immune cell subsets. Improving our understanding of immune responses to viral and bacterial infection in childhood asthma can help to tailor management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Hosseini
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S Berthon
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Collison
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca F McLoughlin
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Evan J Williams
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristy Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Ab Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan E Jensen
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Carla Rebeca Da Silva Sena
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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5
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Thorne PS. Environmental endotoxin exposure and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:61-63. [PMID: 34000345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Brooks D, Barr LC, Wiscombe S, McAuley DF, Simpson AJ, Rostron AJ. Human lipopolysaccharide models provide mechanistic and therapeutic insights into systemic and pulmonary inflammation. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.01298-2019. [PMID: 32299854 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01298-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key feature in the pathogenesis of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sepsis and ARDS continue to be associated with high mortality. A key contributory factor is the rudimentary understanding of the early events in pulmonary and systemic inflammation in humans, which are difficult to study in clinical practice, as they precede the patient's presentation to medical services. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a trigger of inflammation and the dysregulated host response in sepsis. Human LPS models deliver a small quantity of LPS to healthy volunteers, triggering an inflammatory response and providing a window to study early inflammation in humans. This allows biological/mechanistic insights to be made and new therapeutic strategies to be tested in a controlled, reproducible environment from a defined point in time. We review the use of human LPS models, focussing on the underlying mechanistic insights that have been gained by studying the response to intravenous and pulmonary LPS challenge. We discuss variables that may influence the response to LPS before considering factors that should be considered when designing future human LPS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brooks
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura C Barr
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Wiscombe
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Health Sciences, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - A John Simpson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony J Rostron
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou R. Loss of Annexin A5 expression attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response of rat alveolar macrophages. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:391-401. [PMID: 31502716 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common respiratory syndrome accompanied with an inflammation response. Annexin A5 (AnxA5) has anti-thrombotic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study aims to explore the potential effect of AnxA5 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in alveolar macrophages (AMs). Rat AMs (NR8383) were used in this study, and the cell viabilities at 4, 8, and 16 h after LPS administration with gradient concentrations were determined using cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell apoptosis and expressions of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and protein were determined by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot, respectively. We found that LPS suppressed the viability of AMs in a dose-dependent manner, and it elevated the expression of AnxA5 in AMs. Inhibition of AnxA5 improved the cell viability compared with the LPS group and could reduce the apoptosis rate in comparison with LPS treatment. The knockdown of AnxA5 suppressed the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-1β), and IL-6 at both protein and mRNA levels and regulated the expressions of apoptosis-related molecules (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3). Moreover, the knockdown of AnxA5 improved the expression levels of inhibitory κB (IκB) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) but inhibited the expression of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB), compared with the LPS group. SN50 and ML385 were used to validate this signaling, and the inhibition of AnxA5 suppressed the LPS-induced inflammation, indicating that AnxA5 may be a potential anti-inflammatory target. In addition, NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway may also be involved in the LPS-induced inflammatory response of rat alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Seventh Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Department of Emergency, The Seventh Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100700, China
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8
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Nobiletin-Ameliorated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Acute Lung Injury by Suppression of NF-κB Pathway In Vivo and Vitro. Inflammation 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Shook-Sa BE, Chen DG, Zhou H. Using Structural Equation Modeling to Assess the Links between Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Respiratory Function for Adolescents Aged 6 to 18 in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101112. [PMID: 28946686 PMCID: PMC5664613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease that affects 22 million Americans in the United States. Research has found associations between impaired respiratory function, including asthma and increased symptoms among asthmatics, and common indoor air pollutants, including tobacco smoke exposure and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, findings linking VOC exposure and asthma are inconsistent and studies are of mixed quality due to design limitations, challenges measuring VOC exposure, small sample sizes, and suboptimal statistical methodologies. Because of the correlation between tobacco smoke exposure and VOCs, and associations between both tobacco smoke and VOCs with respiratory function, it is crucial that statistical methodology employed to assess links between respiratory function and individual air pollutants control for these complex relationships. This research uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess the relationships between respiratory function, tobacco smoke exposure, and VOC exposure among a nationally-representative sample of adolescents. SEM allows for multiple outcome variables, the inclusion of both observed and latent variables, and controls the effects of confounding and correlated variables, which is critically important and is lacking in earlier studies when estimating the effects of correlated air pollutants on respiratory function. We find evidence of associations between respiratory function and some types of VOCs, even when controlling for the effects of tobacco smoke exposure and additional covariates. Furthermore, we find that poverty has an indirect effect on respiratory function through its relationships with tobacco smoke exposure and some types of VOCs. This analysis demonstrates how SEM is a robust analytic tool for assessing associations between respiratory function and multiple exposures to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie E Shook-Sa
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Ding-Geng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Fu S, Luo X, Yu W, Ji Y, Lu W. Protective effects of neurotensins on lipopolysaccaride-induced acute lung injury by blocking tachykinin mediated pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:7292-7302. [PMID: 31966569 PMCID: PMC6965238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin, a bioactive tridecapeptide, has been shown to regulate inflammatory process in lung tissues. However, the effect of neurotensin on LPS-induced lung injury and underlying detailed molecular mechanisms has not been studied. The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of neurotensin on LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Mice were treated with LPS intratracheally to induce acute lung injury. 1 hour after ALI induction, and then mice were treated with neurotensins (NTs) (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg) via tail vein injection. Next, the severity of lung injury, MPO activity, neutrophils infiltration, lung edema, protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration in BALF were determined to evaluate the effect of Nts on ALI. Additionally, the expression of tachykinins receptors, including NK1, NK2, and NK3 and the production of IL-8, COX-2, and PGE2 mediated by tachykinins-tachykinins receptors pathway were determined to investigate the blocking effect of Nts on tachykinins and its receptors pathway. Neurotensins treatment significantly decreased the lung edema and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into lung tissue caused by LPS induction. Meanwhile, the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine in BALF was dramatically reduced by neurotensins treatment. Furthermore, neurotensins could interact with tachykinins receptors and block the inflammatory responses activated by tachykinins pathways. In summary, neurotensins has a potentially protective effect on LPS-induced acute lung injury through the interaction with tachykinins receptors and subsequently blocking the inflammatory responses induced by activation of tachykinins pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqiao Fu
- School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Luo
- School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqiao Yu
- School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Ji
- School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weina Lu
- School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kamalaldin NA, Sulaiman SA, Yusop MR, Yahaya B. Does Inhalation of Virgin Coconut Oil Accelerate Reversal of Airway Remodelling in an Allergic Model of Asthma? Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:8741851. [PMID: 28660089 PMCID: PMC5474257 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8741851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been done to evaluate the effect of various natural products in controlling asthma symptoms. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is known to contain active compounds that have beneficial effects on human health and diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of VCO inhalation on airway remodelling in a rabbit model of allergic asthma. The effects of VCO inhalation on infiltration of airway inflammatory cells, airway structures, goblet cell hyperplasia, and cell proliferation following ovalbumin induction were evaluated. Allergic asthma was induced by a combination of ovalbumin and alum injection and/or followed by ovalbumin inhalation. The effect of VCO inhalation was then evaluated via the rescue or the preventive route. Percentage of inflammatory cells infiltration, thickness of epithelium and mucosa regions, and the numbers of goblet and proliferative cells were reduced in the rescue group but not in preventive group. Analysis using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry found that lauric acid and capric acid were among the most abundant fatty acids present in the sample. Significant improvement was observed in rescue route in alleviating the asthma symptoms, which indicates the VCO was able to relieve asthma-related symptoms more than preventing the onset of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Kamalaldin
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - S. A. Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - M. R. Yusop
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - B. Yahaya
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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12
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Fessler MB, Carnes MU, Salo PM, Wilkerson J, Cohn RD, King D, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Travlos G, London S, Thorne P, Zeldin D. House Dust Endotoxin and Peripheral Leukocyte Counts: Results from Two Large Epidemiologic Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:057010. [PMID: 28599265 PMCID: PMC5730525 DOI: 10.1289/ehp661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peripheral leukocyte count is a biomarker of inflammation and is associated with human all-cause mortality. Although causes of acute leukocytosis are well-described, chronic environmental determinants of leukocyte number are less well understood. OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between house dust endotoxin concentration and peripheral leukocyte counts in human subjects. METHODS The endotoxin–leukocyte relationship was evaluated by linear regression in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006 (n=6,254) and the Agricultural Lung Health Study (ALHS; n=1,708). In the ALHS, we tested for a gene [Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), encoding the endotoxin receptor]-by-environment interaction in the endotoxin–leukocyte relationship using regression models with an interaction term. RESULTS There is a statistically significant, positive association between endotoxin concentration and total leukocyte number [estimated change, 0.186×103/μL (95% CI: 0.070, 0.301×103/μL) per 10-fold change in endotoxin; p=0.004) in the NHANES. Similar positive associations were found for monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. Stratified analyses revealed possible effect modification by asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We observed similar associations in the ALHS. For total leukocytes, there was suggestive evidence in the ALHS of a gene-by-environment interaction for minor allele carrier status at the TLR4 haplotype defined by rs4986790 and rs4986791 (interaction p=0.15). CONCLUSIONS This is, to our knowledge, the first report of an association between house dust endotoxin and leukocyte count in a national survey. The finding was replicated in a farming population. Peripheral leukocyte count may be influenced by residential endotoxin exposure in diverse settings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP661.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Megan U Carnes
- Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Päivi M Salo
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jesse Wilkerson
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard D Cohn
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Debra King
- Clinical Pathology Group, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jane A Hoppin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Greg Travlos
- Clinical Pathology Group, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie London
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Darryl Zeldin
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Fan XY, Chen B, Lu ZS, Jiang ZF, Zhang SQ. Poly-L-Arginine Acts Synergistically with LPS to Promote the Release of IL-6 and IL-8 via p38/ERK Signaling Pathways in NCI-H292 Cells. Inflammation 2016; 39:47-53. [PMID: 26246181 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Major basic protein (MBP) derived from activated eosinophil can exacerbate atopic asthma induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The pharmacological function of MBP can be mimicked by poly-L-arginine (PLA), however, the potential signaling mechanisms of LPS-PLA-induced release of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 remain unclear. In the present study, airway epithelia NCI-H292 cell lines were treated with LPS and/or PLA. We found that the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by LPS-PLA were increased significantly compared with that in untreated cells. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 was also up-regulated dramatically by LPS-PLA, but this increase could be blocked by specific inhibitor. Importantly, blocking the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 reduced the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 as well. Collectively, LPS-PLA-induced release of IL-6 and IL-8 from NCI-H292 cells may be due to the synergistic activation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Fan
- Department of Pulmonology, The Geriatric Institute of Anhui, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Number 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, The Geriatric Institute of Anhui, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Number 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Shuang Lu
- Department of Pulmonology, The Geriatric Institute of Anhui, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Number 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Feng Jiang
- Department of Pulmonology, The Geriatric Institute of Anhui, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Number 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Quan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Number 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
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14
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Duran CG, Burbank AJ, Mills KH, Duckworth HR, Aleman MM, Kesic MJ, Peden DB, Pan Y, Zhou H, Hernandez ML. A proof-of-concept clinical study examining the NRF2 activator sulforaphane against neutrophilic airway inflammation. Respir Res 2016; 17:89. [PMID: 27450419 PMCID: PMC4957339 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, is implicated as a possible therapy for airway inflammation via induction of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2). In this proof-of-concept clinical study, we show that supplementation of SFN with broccoli sprout homogenate in healthy human subjects did not induce expression of antioxidant genes or protect against neutrophilic airway inflammation in an ozone-exposure model. Therefore, dietary sulforaphane supplementation is not a promising candidate for larger scale clinical trials targeting airway inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01625130 . Registered 19 June, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity G Duran
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Allison J Burbank
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katherine H Mills
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heather R Duckworth
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria M Aleman
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Kesic
- Department of Physical Therapy, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NC, USA
| | - David B Peden
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yinghao Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle L Hernandez
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, UNC School of Medicine, 104 Mason Farm Road, CB #7310, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA.
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15
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Al-Harbi MM, Ansari MA, Zoheir KMA, Korashy HM, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Attia SM, Shabanah OA, Ahmad SF. Dexamethasone Attenuates LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury through Inhibition of NF-κB, COX-2, and Pro-inflammatory Mediators. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:349-69. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2016.1157814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Weitnauer M, Mijošek V, Dalpke AH. Control of local immunity by airway epithelial cells. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:287-98. [PMID: 26627458 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The lung is ventilated by thousand liters of air per day. Inevitably, the respiratory system comes into contact with airborne microbial compounds, most of them harmless contaminants. Airway epithelial cells are known to have innate sensor functions, thus being able to detect microbial danger. To avoid chronic inflammation, the pulmonary system has developed specific means to control local immune responses. Even though airway epithelial cells can act as proinflammatory promoters, we propose that under homeostatic conditions airway epithelial cells are important modulators of immune responses in the lung. In this review, we discuss epithelial cell regulatory functions that control reactivity of professional immune cells within the microenvironment of the airways and how these mechanisms are altered in pulmonary diseases. Regulation by epithelial cells can be divided into two mechanisms: (1) mediators regulate epithelial cells' innate sensitivity in cis and (2) factors are produced that limit reactivity of immune cells in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weitnauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Mijošek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A H Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Diosmin downregulates the expression of T cell receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB activation against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Nasal Lipopolysaccharide Challenge and Cytokine Measurement Reflects Innate Mucosal Immune Responsiveness. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135363. [PMID: 26367003 PMCID: PMC4569396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Practical methods of monitoring innate immune mucosal responsiveness are lacking. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria and a potent activator of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4. To measure LPS responsiveness of the nasal mucosa, we administered LPS as a nasal spray and quantified chemokine and cytokine levels in mucosal lining fluid (MLF). Methods We performed a 5-way cross-over, single blind, placebo-controlled study in 15 healthy non-atopic subjects (n = 14 per protocol). Doses of ultrapure LPS (1, 10, 30 or 100μg/100μl) or placebo were administered by a single nasal spray to each nostril. Using the recently developed method of nasosorption with synthetic adsorptive matrices (SAM), a series of samples were taken. A panel of seven cytokines/chemokines were measured by multiplex immunoassay in MLF. mRNA for intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was quantified from nasal epithelial curettage samples taken before and after challenge. Results Topical nasal LPS was well tolerated, causing no symptoms and no visible changes to the nasal mucosa. LPS induced dose-related increases in MLF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL3 (MIP-1α) (AUC at 0.5 to 10h, compared to placebo, p<0.05 at 30 and 100μg LPS). At 100μg LPS, IL-10, IFN-α and TNF-α were also increased (p<0.05). Dose-related changes in mucosal ICAM-1 mRNA were also seen after challenge, and neutrophils appeared to peak in MLF at 8h. However, 2 subjects with high baseline cytokine levels showed prominent cytokine and chemokine responses to relatively low LPS doses (10μg and 30μg LPS). Conclusions Topical nasal LPS causes dose-dependent increases in cytokines, chemokines, mRNA and cells. However, responsiveness can show unpredictable variations, possibly because baseline innate tone is affected by environmental factors. We believe that this new technique will have wide application in the study of the innate immune responses of the respiratory mucosa. Key Messages Ultrapure LPS was used as innate immune stimulus in a human nasal challenge model, with serial sampling of nasal mucosal lining fluid (MLF) by nasosorption using a synthetic absorptive matrix (SAM), and nasal curettage of mucosal cells. A dose response could be demonstrated in terms of levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL3 in MLF, as well as ICAM-1 mRNA in nasal curettage specimens, and levels of neutrophils in nasal lavage. Depending on higher baseline levels of inflammation, there were occasional magnified innate inflammatory responses to LPS. Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT02284074
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19
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Korashy HM, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Hafez MM, Al-Shabanah OA, Nagi MN, Bahashwan S. Riboflavin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:417-23. [PMID: 26360969 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1045662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and animals. It is the central component of the cofactors flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and is therefore required by all flavoproteins. Riboflavin also works as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of riboflavin against acute lungs injury induced by the administration of a single intranasal dose (20 μg/rat) of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in experimental rats. Administration of LPS resulted in marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level (p < 0.01) and MPO activity (p < 0.001), whereas marked decrease in glutathione (GSH) content (p < 0.001), glutathione reductase (GR) (p < 0.001) and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01) activity. These changes were significantly (p < 0.001) improved by treatment with riboflavin in a dose-dependent manner (30 and 100 mg/kg, respectively). Riboflavin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) showed similar protective effects as dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, p.o.). Administration of LPS showed marked cellular changes including interstitial edema, hemorrhage, infiltration of PMNs, etc., which were reversed by riboflavin administration. Histopathological examinations showed normal morphological structures of lungs tissue in the control group. These biochemical and histopathological examination were appended with iNOS and CAT gene expression. The iNOS mRNA expression was increased significantly (p < 0.001) and levels of CAT mRNA expression was decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the animals exposed to LPS, while treatment with riboflavin significantly (p < 0.01) improved expression of both gene. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrated that riboflavin caused a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI. These results suggest that riboflavin may be used to protect against toxic effect of LPS in lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif O Al-Harbi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Faisal Imam
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Mohammed M Al-Harbi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Mohammed M Sayed-Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Mohamed M Hafez
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Othman A Al-Shabanah
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Mahmoud N Nagi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , KSA and
| | - Saleh Bahashwan
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Taibah University , Medina , KSA
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20
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Zhong J, Urch B, Speck M, Coull BA, Koutrakis P, Thorne PS, Scott J, Liu L, Brook RD, Behbod B, Gibson H, Silverman F, Mittleman MA, Baccarelli AA, Gold DR. Endotoxin and β-1,3-d-Glucan in Concentrated Ambient Particles Induce Rapid Increase in Blood Pressure in Controlled Human Exposures. Hypertension 2015; 66:509-16. [PMID: 26123683 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased blood pressure (BP) in epidemiological studies. Understanding the impact of specific PM components on BP is essential in developing effective risk-reduction strategies. We investigated the association between endotoxin and β-1,3-d-Glucan-two major biological PM components-and BP. We also examined whether vascular endothelial growth factor, a vasodilatory inflammatory marker, modified these associations. We conducted a single-blind, randomized, crossover trial of controlled human exposure to concentrated ambient particles with 50 healthy adults. Particle-associated-endotoxin and β-1,3-d-Glucan were sampled using polycarbonate-membrane-filters. Supine resting systolic BP and diastolic BP were measured pre-, 0.5-hour post-, and 20-hour postexposure. Urine vascular endothelial growth factor concentration was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and creatinine-corrected. Exposures to endotoxin and β-1,3-d-Glucan for 130 minutes were associated with increases in BPs: at 0.5-hour postexposure, every doubling in endotoxin concentration was associated with 1.73 mm Hg higher systolic BP (95% confidence interval, 0.28, 3.18; P=0.02) and 2.07 mm Hg higher diastolic BP (95% confidence interval, 0.74, 3.39; P=0.003); every doubling in β-1,3-d-Glucan concentration was associated with 0.80 mm Hg higher systolic BP (95% confidence interval, -0.07, 1.67; P=0.07) and 0.88 mm Hg higher diastolic BP (95% confidence interval, 0.09, 1.66; P=0.03). Vascular endothelial growth factor rose after concentrated ambient particle endotoxin exposure and attenuated the association between endotoxin and 0.5-hour postexposure diastolic BP (Pinteraction=0.02). In healthy adults, short-term endotoxin and β-1,3-d-Glucan exposures were associated with increased BP. Our findings suggest that the biological PM components contribute to PM-related cardiovascular outcomes, and postexposure vascular endothelial growth factor elevation might be an adaptive response that attenuates these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhong
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.).
| | - Bruce Urch
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Mary Speck
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Brent A Coull
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Peter S Thorne
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - James Scott
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Ling Liu
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Robert D Brook
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Behrooz Behbod
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Heike Gibson
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Frances Silverman
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
| | - Diane R Gold
- From the Department of Environmental Health (J.Z., P.K., B.B., H.G., A.A.B., D.R.G.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.A.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health (J.S., F.S.), Department of Medicine (B.U., J.S., F.S.), and Divisions of Occupational and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (F.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa (P.S.T.); Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (R.D.B.); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (F.S.), St Michael's Hospital (M.S., J.S., F.S.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.S.); and Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.R.G.)
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21
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Larsen JM, Musavian HS, Butt TM, Ingvorsen C, Thysen AH, Brix S. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma-associated Proteobacteria, but not commensal Prevotella spp., promote Toll-like receptor 2-independent lung inflammation and pathology. Immunology 2015; 144:333-42. [PMID: 25179236 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of healthy human airways have revealed colonization by a distinct commensal bacterial microbiota containing Gram-negative Prevotella spp. However, the immunological properties of these bacteria in the respiratory system remain unknown. Here we compare the innate respiratory immune response to three Gram-negative commensal Prevotella strains (Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nanceiensis and Prevotella salivae) and three Gram-negative pathogenic Proteobacteria known to colonize lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma (Haemophilus influenzae B, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis). The commensal Prevotella spp. and pathogenic Proteobacteria were found to exhibit intrinsic differences in innate inflammatory capacities on murine lung cells in vitro. In vivo in mice, non-typeable H. influenzae induced severe Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-independent COPD-like inflammation characterized by predominant airway neutrophilia, expression of a neutrophilic cytokine/chemokine profile in lung tissue, and lung immunopathology. In comparison, P. nanceiensis induced a diminished neutrophilic airway inflammation and no detectable lung pathology. Interestingly, the inflammatory airway response to the Gram-negative bacteria P. nanceiensis was completely TLR2-dependent. These findings demonstrate weak inflammatory properties of Gram-negative airway commensal Prevotella spp. that may make colonization by these bacteria tolerable by the respiratory immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe M Larsen
- Systems Biology of Immune Regulation, Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Zhang X, Li C, Li J, Xu Y, Guan S, Zhao M. Protective effects of protocatechuic acid on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice via p38MAPK and NF-κB signal pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:229-36. [PMID: 25841318 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) separated from Chinese herbs, on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. The mouse model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS at the dose of 5mg/kg body weight. Three doses of PCA (30, 15, 5 mg/kg) were administered to mice with intraperitoneal injection one hour prior to LPS exposure. Six hours later after LPS administration, the effect of PCA on ALI mice was assessed via histopathological examination by HE staining, inflammatory cytokine production by ELISA assay and RT-PCR, p38MAPK and NF-κB activation by Western blot analysis. We found that PCA administration significantly ameliorated lung histopathological changes and decreased protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was reduced by PCA. Additionally, PCA at the dose of 30 mg/kg could block the activation of p38MAPK and NF-κB signal pathways induced by LPS. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that PCA possesses a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI in mice via suppression of p38MAPK and NF-κB signal pathways. Therefore, PCA may be useful in the therapy of lung inflammatory diseases, especially for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China.
| | - Chunli Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Yingzhen Xu
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shui Guan
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Mingshan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
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23
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Qiu J, Yu L, Zhang X, Wu Q, Wang D, Wang X, Xia C, Feng H. Asiaticoside attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:181-7. [PMID: 25835778 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Asiaticoside (AS), a triterpene glycoside isolated from Centella asiatica, has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of AS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model in mice are scanty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of AS on LPS-induced mouse ALI via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. We investigated the efficacy of AS on cytokine levels induced by LPS in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and RAW 264.7 cells. The production of cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The lung wet-to-dry weight ratios were measured in LPS-challenged mice, and lung histopathologic changes observed via paraffin section were assessed. To further study the mechanism of AS protective effects on ALI, the activation of NF-κB p65 subunit and the degradation of IκBα were tested by western blot assay. We found that AS treatment at 15, 30 or 45mg/kg dose-dependently attenuated LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation by reducing inflammatory infiltration, histopathological changes, descended cytokine production, and pulmonary edema initiated by LPS. Furthermore, our results suggested that AS suppressed inflammatory responses in LPS-induced ALI through inhibition of the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 subunit and the degradation of its inhibitor IκBα, and might be a new preventive agent of ALI in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricaltural University, Daqing High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Lijun Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 028000, PR China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Qianchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 028000, PR China
| | - Xiuzhi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 028000, PR China
| | - Cheng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Medicine of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricaltural University, Daqing High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, PR China.
| | - Haihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
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24
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Rovina N, Dima E, Bakakos P, Tseliou E, Kontogianni K, Papiris S, Koutsoukou A, Koulouris NG, Loukides S. Low interleukin (IL)-18 levels in sputum supernatants of patients with severe refractory asthma. Respir Med 2015; 109:580-7. [PMID: 25840484 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe refractory asthma (SRA) is characterized by persistent asthma symptoms, amplified airway inflammation despite treatment with high dose inhaled steroids and increased airway bacterial colonization. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine that modulates airway inflammation. Furthermore, as a product of the inflammasome, IL-18 is involved in host defence against viral and bacterial stimuli by modulating the immune response. OBJECTIVE To determine IL-18 levels in sputum supernatants of patients with asthma and to investigate whether underlying severity affects its levels. Furthermore, possible associations with atopy and mediators and cells involved in the inflammatory process of the airways were examined. METHODS Forty-five patients with mild intermittent asthma (21 smokers) and 18 patients with SRA in stable state were studied. All subjects underwent lung function tests, skin prick tests, and sputum induction for cell count identification. IL-18 and ECP levels were measured in sputum supernatants. Furthermore, sputum samples were examined for the commonest respiratory pathogens and viruses by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Patients with SRA had significantly lower IL-18 levels in sputum supernatants compared to mild asthmatics (p < 0.001). Twelve out of eighteen patients with SRA were colonized by viruses and/or bacterial pathogens. IL-18 levels correlated with the percentage of macrophages (r = 0.635, p = 0.026) and inversely correlated with the percentage of neutrophils in sputum (r = -0.715, p = 0.009). No correlations were found between IL-18, ECP and the percentage of eosinophils in the sputum of SRA. CONCLUSIONS In SRA IL-18 is possibly involved in chronic airway inflammation through an eosinophil independent pathway. The decreased levels of IL-18 in SRA support the hypothesis of deregulated inflammasome activation, justifying the susceptibility of these patients for bacterial colonization or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Rovina
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece.
| | - Efrossini Dima
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Eleni Tseliou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kontogianni
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Spyros Papiris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Atticon" Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Antonia Koutsoukou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Koulouris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" District Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Atticon" Hospital, Athens Medical School, Greece
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25
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Berger M, de Boer JD, Bresser P, van der Poll T, Lutter R, Sterk PJ, van der Zee JS. Lipopolysaccharide amplifies eosinophilic inflammation after segmental challenge with house dust mite in asthmatics. Allergy 2015; 70:257-64. [PMID: 25381858 DOI: 10.1111/all.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND House dust contains mite allergens as well as bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Asthma exacerbations are associated with the level of exposure to allergens and LPS. LPS can potentiate allergen effects in steroid-naïve patients. Long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) were shown to inhibit LPS-induced bronchial inflammation in healthy volunteers. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of LPS on the allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation [primary endpoints: eosinophil counts and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)] induced by bronchial instillation of house dust mite (HDM) in patients with asthma on maintenance treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). METHODS Thirty-two nonsmoking asthmatics with HDM allergy were treated with run-in medication (fluticasone propionate 100 μg bid) during 2 weeks before the study day. All patients underwent bronchial challenge with HDM, and half of them were randomized to receive additional LPS. Both groups were randomized to receive pretreatment with a single inhalation of 100 μg salmeterol 30 min before bronchial segmental challenge. Six hours later, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was collected for leukocyte cell count, differentials, and cellular activation markers. RESULTS Challenge with HDM/LPS induced a significant increase in eosinophil cationic protein (P = 0.036) and a trend toward an increase in BALF eosinophils as compared to HDM challenge. CONCLUSION Lipopolysaccharide promotes eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with asthma despite being on maintenance treatment with ICS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Berger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Spaarne Hospital; Hoofddorp The Netherlands
| | - J. D. de Boer
- Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - P. Bresser
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - T. van der Poll
- Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - R. Lutter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - P. J. Sterk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. S. van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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26
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Zielen S, Trischler J, Schubert R. Lipopolysaccharide challenge: immunological effects and safety in humans. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:409-18. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1012158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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27
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Hernandez ML, Mills K, Almond M, Todoric K, Aleman MM, Zhang H, Zhou H, Peden DB. IL-1 receptor antagonist reduces endotoxin-induced airway inflammation in healthy volunteers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:379-85. [PMID: 25195169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma with neutrophil predominance is challenging to treat with corticosteroids. Novel treatment options for asthma include those that target innate immune activity. Recent literature has indicated a significant role for IL-1β in both acute and chronic neutrophilic asthma. OBJECTIVE This study used inhaled endotoxin (LPS) challenge as a model of innate immune activation to (1) assess the safety of the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in conjunction with inhaled LPS and (2) to test the hypothesis that IL-1 blockade will suppress the acute neutrophil response to challenge with inhaled LPS. METHODS In a phase I clinical study 17 healthy volunteers completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in which they received 2 daily subcutaneous doses of 1 mg/kg anakinra (maximum dose, 100 mg) or saline (placebo). One hour after the second treatment dose, subjects underwent an inhaled LPS challenge. Induced sputum was assessed for neutrophils 4 hours after inhaled LPS. The effect of anakinra compared with placebo on airway neutrophil counts and airway proinflammatory cytokine levels after LPS challenge was compared by using a linear mixed-model approach. RESULTS Anakinra pretreatment significantly diminished airway neutrophilia compared with placebo. LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were significantly reduced during the anakinra treatment period compared with those seen after placebo. Subjects tolerated the anakinra treatment well without an increased frequency of infections attributable to anakinra treatment. CONCLUSIONS Anakinra effectively reduced airway neutrophilic inflammation and resulted in no serious adverse events in a model of inhaled LPS challenge. Anakinra is a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of asthma with neutrophil predominance in diseased populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Hernandez
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Katherine Mills
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Martha Almond
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Krista Todoric
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Maria M Aleman
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David B Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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28
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The step further to understand the role of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha and group X secretory phospholipase A2 in allergic inflammation: pilot study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:670814. [PMID: 25247183 PMCID: PMC4163415 DOI: 10.1155/2014/670814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergens, viral, and bacterial infections are responsible for asthma exacerbations that occur with progression of airway inflammation. cPLA2α and sPLA2X are responsible for delivery of arachidonic acid for production of eicosanoids—one of the key mediators of airway inflammation. However, cPLA2α and sPLA2X role in allergic inflammation has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of rDer p1 and rFel d1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cPLA2α expression and sPLA2X secretion in PBMC of asthmatics and in A549 cell line. PBMC isolated from 14 subjects, as well as A549 cells, were stimulated with rDer p1, rFel d1, and LPS. Immunoblotting technique was used to study the changes in cPLA2α protein expression and ELISA was used to analyze the release of sPLA2X. PBMC of asthmatics released more sPLA2X than those from healthy controls in the steady state. rDer p1 induced more sPLA2X secretion than cPLA2α protein expression. rFel d1 caused decrease in cPLA2α relative expression in PBMC of asthmatics and in A549 cells. Summarizing, Der p1 and Fel d1 involve phospholipase A2 enzymes in their action. sPLA2X seems to be one of important PLA2 isoform in allergic inflammation, especially caused by house dust mite allergens.
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Li C, Jiang Y, He L, Guo W, Guo M, Gong W. Immunoregulation effect of crude extract of C. elegans on allergic asthma. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:886-892. [PMID: 24955158 PMCID: PMC4057837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To explore effects of natural crude extract of C. elegans on treatment of asthma. METHOD Obtain crude extract of C. elegans from synchronically incubated C. elegans via centrifugation, washing and ultrasonic emulsification, etc.; measure C. elegans's protein molecular weight via SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAG electrophoresis); construct animal models of asthma with 6-8-week-old BALB/c female mice sensitized by chicken ovalbumin (OVA); conduct immunotherapy on animals with asthma with different doses of mixture of C. elegans and OVA (COM) respectively; take PBS buffer group and OVA group as control groups; conduct inspection of cell factors and differential count of cells in serum IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and incise lung tissue for pathology observation. RESULT C. elegans's protein molecular weight is about 50 kd. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of OVA group, cell factors IL-5 and IL-13 are more than those in PBS buffer group, but IL-2 and IFN-γ are less than those in PBS buffer group; these differences are of statistical significance (P<0.05). Total cellular score and number of eosinophile granulocyte in BALF of OVA group are more than those in PBS buffer group (P<0.05), and the difference in serum IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a between these two groups is of statistical significance (P<0.05). For groups treatment by different doses of COM, cell factors IL-5 and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are less than those in OVA group, but IL-2 and IFN-γ are more than those in OVA group; these differences are of statistical significance (P<0.05). Total cellular score and number of eosinophile granulocyte in BALF of COM treatment groups are less than those in OVA group (P<0.05); serum IgE and IgG1 less than those in OVA group, but IgG2a is more than that in OVA group; these differences are of statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The natural crude extract of C. elegans has immunoregulation to animals with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuee Huang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241001, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of Electrocardiograph, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241001, China
| | - Chaopin Li
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241002, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241002, China
| | - Lianping He
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241001, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241002, China
| | - Min Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241002, China
| | - Wei Gong
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241002, China
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30
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Hernandez ML, Wagner JG, Kala A, Mills K, Wells HB, Alexis NE, Lay JC, Jiang Q, Zhang H, Zhou H, Peden DB. Vitamin E, γ-tocopherol, reduces airway neutrophil recruitment after inhaled endotoxin challenge in rats and in healthy volunteers. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:56-62. [PMID: 23402870 PMCID: PMC3654053 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest that dietary vitamin E is an important candidate intervention for asthma. Our group has shown that daily consumption of vitamin E (γ-tocopherol, γT) has anti-inflammatory actions in both rodent and human phase I studies. The objective of this study was to test whether γT supplementation could mitigate a model of neutrophilic airway inflammation in rats and in healthy human volunteers. F344/N rats were randomized to oral gavage with γT versus placebo, followed by intranasal LPS (20μg) challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung histology were used to assess airway neutrophil recruitment. In a phase IIa clinical study, 13 nonasthmatic subjects completed a double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study in which they consumed either a γT-enriched capsule or a sunflower oil placebo capsule. After 7 days of daily supplementation, they underwent an inhaled LPS challenge. Induced sputum was assessed for neutrophils 6 h after inhaled LPS. The effect of γT compared to placebo on airway neutrophils post-LPS was compared using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. In rats, oral γT supplementation significantly reduced tissue infiltration (p<0.05) and accumulation of airway neutrophils (p<0.05) that are elicited by intranasal LPS challenge compared to control rats. In human volunteers, γT treatment significantly decreased induced sputum neutrophils (p=0.03) compared to placebo. Oral supplementation with γT reduced airway neutrophil recruitment in both rat and human models of inhaled LPS challenge. These results suggest that γT is a potential therapeutic candidate for prevention or treatment of neutrophilic airway inflammation in diseased populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Hernandez
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
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Zhong WT, Jiang LX, Wei JY, Qiao AN, Wei MM, Soromou LW, Xie XX, Zhou X, Ci XX, Wang DC. Protective effect of esculentoside A on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. J Surg Res 2013; 185:364-72. [PMID: 23764313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esculentoside A (EsA) is a saponin isolated from the Chinese herb Phytolacca esculenta. In our study, we sought to investigate the protective effects of EsA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the effects of EsA on the reduction of histopathologic changes in mice with ALI, inflammatory cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung wet-to-dry weight ratio were measured in LPS-challenged mice, and lung histopathologic changes observed via paraffin section were assessed. Next, cytokine production induced by LPS in BALF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To further study the mechanism of EsA protective effects on ALI, IκBa, p38, and extracellular signal receptor-activated kinase pathways were investigated in lung tissue of mice with ALI. RESULTS In the present investigation, EsA showed marked effects by reducing inflammatory infiltration, thickening of the alveolar wall, and pulmonary congestion. Levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 elevated by LPS were significantly decreased in BALF in EsA-pretreated ALI model. Furthermore, EsA significantly suppressed phosphorylation of IκBa, p38, and extracellular signal receptor-activated kinase. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that EsA suppressed inflammatory responses in LPS-induced ALI through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways. EsA may be a promising potential preventive agent for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-ting Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
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Abstract
The substantial increase in the worldwide prevalence of asthma and atopy has been attributed to lifestyle changes that reduce exposure to bacteria. A recent insight is that the largely bacterial microbiome maintains a state of basal immune homoeostasis, which modulates immune responses to microbial pathogens. However, some respiratory viral infections cause bronchiolitis of infancy and childhood wheeze, and can exacerbate established asthma; whereas allergens can partly mimic infectious agents. New insights into the host’s innate sensing systems, combined with recently developed methods that characterise commensal and pathogenic microbial exposure, now allow a unified theory for how microbes cause mucosal inflammation in asthma. The respiratory mucosa provides a key microbial interface where epithelial and dendritic cells interact with a range of functionally distinct lymphocytes. Lymphoid cells then control a range of pathways, both innate and specific, which organise the host mucosal immune response. Fundamental to innate immune responses to microbes are the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors, which are associated with production of type I interferons, proinflammatory cytokines, and the T-helper-2 cell pathway in predisposed people. These coordinated, dynamic immune responses underlie the differing asthma phenotypes, which we delineate in terms of Seven Ages of Asthma. An understanding of the role of microbes in the atopic march towards asthma, and in causing exacerbations of established asthma, provides the rationale for new specific treatments that can be assessed in clinical trials. On the basis of these new ideas, specific host biomarkers might then allow personalised treatment to become a reality for patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T Hansel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Centre for Respiratory Infection, MRC, London, UK.
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Apter AJ. Advances in adult asthma diagnosis and treatment in 2012: potential therapeutics and gene-environment interactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:47-54. [PMID: 23265695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in 2012, research reports related to asthma in adults clustered around mechanisms of disease, with a special focus on their potential for informing new therapies. There was also consideration of the effect of the environment on health from pollution, climate change, and epigenetic influences, underlining the importance of understanding gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of asthma and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Apter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Peden DB, Bush RK. Advances in environmental and occupational disorders in 2012. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:668-74. [PMID: 23384680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The year 2012 produced a number of advances in our understanding of the effect of environmental factors on allergic diseases, identification of new allergens, immune mechanisms in host defense, factors involved in asthma severity, and therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the articles published in the Journal in 2012 that enhance our knowledge base of environmental and occupational disorders. Identification of novel allergens can improve diagnostics, risk factor analysis can aid preventative approaches, and studies of genetic-environmental interactions and immune mechanisms will lead to better therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Peden
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7310, USA.
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Hoskins A, Reiss S, Wu P, Chen N, Han W, Do RH, Abdolrasulnia R, Dworski R. Asthmatic airway neutrophilia after allergen challenge is associated with the glutathione S-transferase M1 genotype. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:34-41. [PMID: 23204253 PMCID: PMC3570644 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0786oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Asthma is a heterogeneous lung disorder characterized by airway inflammation and airway dysfunction, manifesting as hyperresponsiveness and obstruction. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) is a multifunctional phase II enzyme and regulator of stress-activated cellular signaling relevant to asthma pathobiology. A common homozygous deletion polymorphism of the GSTM1 gene eliminates enzyme activity. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of GSTM1 on airway inflammation and reactivity in adults with established atopic asthma in vivo. METHODS Nineteen GSTM1 wild-type and eighteen GSTM1-null individuals with mild atopic asthma underwent methacholine and inhaled allergen challenges, and endobronchial allergen provocations through a bronchoscope. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The influx of inflammatory cells, panels of cytokines and chemokines linked to asthmatic inflammation, F(2)-isoprostanes (markers of oxidative stress), and IgE were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at baseline and 24 hours after allergen instillation. Individuals with asthma with the GSTM1 wild-type genotype had greater baseline and allergen-provoked airway neutrophilia and concentrations of myeloperoxidase than GSTM1-null patients. In contrast, the eosinophilic inflammation was unaffected by GSTM1. The allergen-stimulated generation of acute-stress and proneutrophilic mediators, tumor necrosis factor-α, CXCL-8, IL-1β, and IL-6, was also greater in the GSTM1 wild-type patients. Moreover, post-allergen airway concentrations of IgE and neutrophil-generated mediators, matrix metalloproteinase-9, B-cell activating factor, transforming growth factor-β1, and elastase were higher in GSTM1 wild-type individuals with asthma. Total airway IgE correlated with B-cell activating factor concentrations. In contrast, levels of F(2)-isoprostane were comparable in both groups. Finally, GSTM1 wild-type individuals with asthma required lower threshold concentrations of allergen to produce bronchoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS The functional GSTM1 genotype promotes neutrophilic airway inflammation in humans with atopic asthma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Hoskins
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sara Reiss
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pingsheng Wu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ning Chen
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rui-hong Do
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rasul Abdolrasulnia
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ryszard Dworski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Bennett WD, Herbst M, Zeman KL, Wu J, Hernandez ML, Peden DB. Effect of inhaled endotoxin on regional particle deposition in patients with mild asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 131:912-3. [PMID: 23102735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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