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Kanannejad Z, Arab S, Soleimanian S, Mazare A, Kheshtchin N. Exosomes in asthma: Underappreciated contributors to the pathogenesis and novel therapeutic tools. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1325. [PMID: 38934401 PMCID: PMC11209551 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease with diverse pathomechanisms, presents challenges in developing personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, in asthma pathophysiology and explores their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools. METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify recent studies investigating the involvement of exosomes in asthma. The retrieved articles were analyzed to extract relevant information on the role of exosomes in maintaining lung microenvironment homeostasis, regulating inflammatory responses, and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential for asthma. RESULTS Exosomes secreted by various cell types, have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication in healthy and diseased conditions. Evidence suggest that exosomes play a significant role in maintaining lung microenvironment homeostasis and contribute to asthma pathogenesis by regulating inflammatory responses. Differential exosomal content between healthy individuals and asthmatics holds promise for the development of novel asthma biomarkers. Furthermore, exosomes secreted by immune and nonimmune cells, as well as those detected in biofluids, demonstrate potential in promoting or regulating immune responses, making them attractive candidates for designing new treatment strategies for inflammatory conditions such as asthma. CONCLUSION Exosomes, with their ability to modulate immune responses and deliver therapeutic cargo, offer potential as targeted therapeutic tools in asthma management. Further research and clinical trials are required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying exosome-mediated effects and translate these findings into effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kanannejad
- Allergy Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Samaneh Arab
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | | | - Amirhossein Mazare
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Nasim Kheshtchin
- Allergy Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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2
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Tucis D, Hopkins G, Browne W, James V, Onion D, Fairclough LC. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Sensitization: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4492. [PMID: 38674077 PMCID: PMC11049870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergies affect approximately 10-30% of people worldwide, with an increasing number of cases each year; however, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested to play a role in allergic sensitization and skew to a T helper type 2 (Th2) response. The aim of this review is to highlight the existing evidence of EV involvement in allergies. A total of 22 studies were reviewed; 12 studies showed EVs can influence a Th2 response, while 10 studies found EVs promoted a Th1 or Treg response. EVs can drive allergic sensitization through up-regulation of pro-Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13. In addition, EVs from MRSA can induce IgE hypersensitivity in mice towards MRSA. On the other hand, EVs can induce tolerance in the immune system; for example, pre-exposing OVA-loaded EVs prevented OVA sensitization in mice. The current literature thus suggests that EVs play an essential role in allergy. Further research utilizing human in vitro models and clinical studies is needed to give a reliable account of the role of EVs in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Tucis
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (D.T.); (G.H.); (W.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Georgina Hopkins
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (D.T.); (G.H.); (W.B.); (D.O.)
| | - William Browne
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (D.T.); (G.H.); (W.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - David Onion
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (D.T.); (G.H.); (W.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Lucy C. Fairclough
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (D.T.); (G.H.); (W.B.); (D.O.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
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3
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He ZJ, Chu C, Dickson R, Okuda K, Cai LH. A gel-coated air-liquid-interface culture system with tunable substrate stiffness matching healthy and diseased lung tissues. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L292-L302. [PMID: 38252871 PMCID: PMC11280679 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00153.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its invention in the late 1980s, the air-liquid-interface (ALI) culture system has been the standard in vitro model for studying human airway biology and pulmonary diseases. However, in a conventional ALI system, cells are cultured on a porous plastic membrane that is much stiffer than human airway tissues. Here, we develop a gel-ALI culture system by simply coating the plastic membrane with a thin layer of hydrogel with tunable stiffness matching that of healthy and fibrotic airway tissues. We determine the optimum gel thickness that does not impair the transport of nutrients and biomolecules essential to cell growth. We show that the gel-ALI system allows human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) to proliferate and differentiate into pseudostratified epithelium. Furthermore, we discover that HBECs migrate significantly faster on hydrogel substrates with stiffness matching that of fibrotic lung tissues, highlighting the importance of mechanical cues in human airway remodeling. The developed gel-ALI system provides a facile approach to studying the effects of mechanical cues in human airway biology and in modeling pulmonary diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In a conventional ALI system, cells are cultured on a plastic membrane that is much stiffer than human airway tissues. We develop a gel-ALI system by coating the plastic membrane with a thin layer of hydrogel with tunable stiffness matching that of healthy and fibrotic airway tissues. We discover that human bronchial epithelial cells migrate significantly faster on hydrogel substrates with pathological stiffness, highlighting the importance of mechanical cues in human airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Catherine Chu
- Soft Biomatter Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Riley Dickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Li-Heng Cai
- Soft Biomatter Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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4
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Zhang J, Ma B, Wang Z, Chen Y, Li C, Dong Y. Extracellular vesicle therapy for obesity-induced NAFLD: a comprehensive review of current evidence. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:18. [PMID: 38195552 PMCID: PMC10775587 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a chronic disease especially in Western countries, is still a tough question in the clinical therapy. With the rising prevalence of various chronic diseases, liver transplantation is expected to be the most common therapy after the next 10 years. However, there is still no approved drug for NAFLD, and targeted therapy for NAFLD is urgent. Exosomes as a kind of extracellular vesicle are cell-derived nanovesicles, which play an essential role in intercellular communication. Due to complex cell-cell interactions in the liver, exosomes as therapeutic drugs or drug delivery vesicles may be involved in physiological or pathological processes in NAFLD. Compared with other nanomaterials, exosomes as a cell-free therapy, are not dependent on cell number limitation, which means can be administered safely in high doses. Apart from this, exosomes with the advantages of being low-toxic, high stability, and low-immunological are chosen for targeted therapy for many diseases. In this review, firstly we introduced the extracellular vesicles, including the biogenesis, composition, isolation and characterization, and fundamental function of extracellular vesicles. And then we discussed the modification of extracellular vesicles, cargo packing, and artificial exosomes. Finally, the extracellular vesicles for the therapies of NAFLD are summarized. Moreover, we highlight therapeutic approaches using exosomes in the clinical treatment of NAFLD, which provide valuable insights into targeting NAFLD in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baochen Ma
- China Animal Husbandry Group, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengzhong Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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5
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Al-Moamary MS, Alhaider SA, Allehebi R, Idrees MM, Zeitouni MO, Al Ghobain MO, Alanazi AF, Al-Harbi AS, Yousef AA, Alorainy HS, Al-Hajjaj MS. The Saudi initiative for asthma - 2024 update: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma in adults and children. Ann Thorac Med 2024; 19:1-55. [PMID: 38444991 PMCID: PMC10911239 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_248_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Saudi Initiative for Asthma 2024 (SINA-2024) is the sixth version of asthma guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma for adults and children that was developed by the SINA group, a subsidiary of the Saudi Thoracic Society. The main objective of the SINA is to have guidelines that are up-to-date, simple to understand, and easy to use by healthcare workers dealing with asthma patients. To facilitate achieving the goals of asthma management, the SINA Panel approach is mainly based on the assessment of symptom control and risk for both adults and children. The approach to asthma management is aligned for age groups: adults, adolescents, children aged 5-12 years, and children aged <5 years. SINA guidelines have focused more on personalized approaches reflecting a better understanding of disease heterogeneity with the integration of recommendations related to biologic agents, evidence-based updates on treatment, and the role of immunotherapy in management. The medication appendix has also been updated with the addition of recent evidence, new indications for existing medication, and new medications. The guidelines are constructed based on the available evidence, local literature, and the current situation at national and regional levels. There is also an emphasis on patient-doctor partnership in the management that also includes a self-management plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Saad Al-Moamary
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Alhaider
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Allehebi
- Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majdy M. Idrees
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed O. Zeitouni
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed O. Al Ghobain
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alanazi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel S. Al-Harbi
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Yousef
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan S. Alorainy
- Department of Respiratory Care, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Al-Hajjaj
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Veerati PC, Reid AT, Nichol KS, Wark PAB, Knight DA, Bartlett NW, Grainge CL. Mechanical forces suppress antiviral innate immune responses from asthmatic airway epithelial cells following rhinovirus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L206-L214. [PMID: 37280545 PMCID: PMC10396277 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00074.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchoconstriction is the main physiological event in asthma, which leads to worsened clinical symptoms and generates mechanical stress within the airways. Virus infection is the primary cause of exacerbations in people with asthma, however, the impact that bronchoconstriction itself on host antiviral responses and viral replication is currently not well understood. Here we demonstrate how mechanical forces generated during bronchoconstriction may suppress antiviral responses at the airway epithelium without any difference in viral replication. Primary bronchial epithelial cells from donors with asthma were differentiated at the air-liquid interface. Differentiated cells were apically compressed (30 cmH2O) for 10 min every hour for 4 days to mimic bronchoconstriction. Two asthma disease models were developed with the application of compression, either before ("poor asthma control model," n = 7) or following ("exacerbation model," n = 4) rhinovirus (RV) infection. Samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postinfection (hpi). Viral RNA, interferon (IFN)-β, IFN-λ, and host defense antiviral peptide gene expressions were measured along with IFN-β, IFN-λ, TGF-β2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 protein expression. Apical compression significantly suppressed RV-induced IFN-β protein from 48 hpi and IFN-λ from 72 hpi in the poor asthma control model. There was a nonsignificant reduction of both IFN-β and IFN-λ proteins from 48 hpi in the exacerbation model. Despite reductions in antiviral proteins, there was no significant change in viral replication in either model. Compressive stress mimicking bronchoconstriction inhibits antiviral innate immune responses from asthmatic airway epithelial cells when applied before RV infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bronchoconstriction is the main physiological event in asthma, which leads to worsened clinical symptoms and generates mechanical stress within the airways. Virus infection is the primary cause of exacerbations in people with asthma, however, the impact of bronchoconstriction on host antiviral responses and viral replication is unknown. We developed two disease models, in vitro, and found suppressed IFN response from cells following the application of compression and RV-A1 infection. This explains why people with asthma have deficient IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnam Chander Veerati
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Research and Academic Affairs, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher L Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Thompson W, Papoutsakis ET. The role of biomechanical stress in extracellular vesicle formation, composition and activity. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108158. [PMID: 37105240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cornerstones of intercellular communication with exciting fundamental, clinical, and more broadly biotechnological applications. However, variability in EV composition, which results from the culture conditions used to generate the EVs, poses significant fundamental and applied challenges and a hurdle for scalable bioprocessing. Thus, an understanding of the relationship between EV production (and for clinical applications, manufacturing) and EV composition is increasingly recognized as important and necessary. While chemical stimulation and culture conditions such as cell density are known to influence EV biology, the impact of biomechanical forces on the generation, properties, and biological activity of EVs remains poorly understood. Given the omnipresence of these forces in EV preparation and in biomanufacturing, expanding the understanding of their impact on EV composition-and thus, activity-is vital. Although several publications have examined EV preparation and bioprocessing and briefly discussed biomechanical stresses as variables of interest, this review represents the first comprehensive evaluation of the impact of such stresses on EV production, composition and biological activity. We review how EV biogenesis, cargo, efficacy, and uptake are uniquely affected by various types, magnitudes, and durations of biomechanical forces, identifying trends that emerge both generically and for individual cell types. We also describe implications for scalable bioprocessing, evaluating processes inherent in common EV production and isolation methods, and propose a path forward for rigorous EV quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Eleftherios Terry Papoutsakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
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8
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Phung TKN, Mitchel JA, O'Sullivan MJ, Park JA. Quantification of basal stem cell elongation and stress fiber accumulation in the pseudostratified airway epithelium during the unjamming transition. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059727. [PMID: 37014330 PMCID: PMC10151827 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Under homeostatic conditions, epithelial cells remain non-migratory. However, during embryonic development and pathological conditions, they become migratory. The mechanism underlying the transition of the epithelial layer between non-migratory and migratory phases is a fundamental question in biology. Using well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells that form a pseudostratified epithelium, we have previously identified that a confluent epithelial layer can transition from a non-migratory to migratory phase through an unjamming transition (UJT). We previously defined collective cellular migration and apical cell elongation as hallmarks of UJT. However, other cell-type-specific changes have not been previously studied in the pseudostratified airway epithelium, which consists of multiple cell types. Here, we focused on the quantifying morphological changes in basal stem cells during the UJT. Our data demonstrate that during the UJT, airway basal stem cells elongated and enlarged, and their stress fibers elongated and aligned. These morphological changes observed in basal stem cells correlated to the previously defined hallmarks of the UJT. Moreover, basal cell and stress fiber elongation were observed prior to apical cell elongation. Together, these morphological changes indicate that basal stem cells in pseudostratified airway epithelium are actively remodeling, presumably through accumulation of stress fibers during the UJT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien-Khoi N. Phung
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Mitchel
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Michael J. O'Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Haghighitalab A, Dominici M, Matin MM, Shekari F, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Lim R, Ahmadiankia N, Mirahmadi M, Bahrami AR, Bidkhori HR. Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090416. [PMID: 36969255 PMCID: PMC10031021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat autoimmune diseases through suppressing the immune system, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are not adequately practical. Moreover, these regimens are associated with considerable complications. Designing tolerogenic therapeutic strategies based on stem cells, immune cells, and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) seems to open a promising path to managing autoimmune diseases' vast burden. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main cell types applied to restore a tolerogenic immune status; MSCs play a more beneficial role due to their amenable properties and extensive cross-talks with different immune cells. With existing concerns about the employment of cells, new cell-free therapeutic paradigms, such as EV-based therapies, are gaining attention in this field. Additionally, EVs' unique properties have made them to be known as smart immunomodulators and are considered as a potential substitute for cell therapy. This review provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of cell-based and EV-based methods for treating autoimmune diseases. The study also presents an outlook on the future of EVs to be implemented in clinics for autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Haghighitalab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rebecca Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | - Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Tinè M, Padrin Y, Bonato M, Semenzato U, Bazzan E, Conti M, Saetta M, Turato G, Baraldo S. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) as Crucial Mediators of Cell-Cell Interaction in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054645. [PMID: 36902079 PMCID: PMC10003413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disorder worldwide and accounts for a huge health and economic burden. Its incidence is rapidly increasing but, in parallel, novel personalized approaches have emerged. Indeed, the improved knowledge of cells and molecules mediating asthma pathogenesis has led to the development of targeted therapies that significantly increased our ability to treat asthma patients, especially in severe stages of disease. In such complex scenarios, extracellular vesicles (EVs i.e., anucleated particles transporting nucleic acids, cytokines, and lipids) have gained the spotlight, being considered key sensors and mediators of the mechanisms controlling cell-to-cell interplay. We will herein first revise the existing evidence, mainly by mechanistic studies in vitro and in animal models, that EV content and release is strongly influenced by the specific triggers of asthma. Current studies indicate that EVs are released by potentially all cell subtypes in the asthmatic airways, particularly by bronchial epithelial cells (with different cargoes in the apical and basolateral side) and inflammatory cells. Such studies largely suggest a pro-inflammatory and pro-remodelling role of EVs, whereas a minority of reports indicate protective effects, particularly by mesenchymal cells. The co-existence of several confounding factors-including technical pitfalls and host and environmental confounders-is still a major challenge in human studies. Technical standardization in isolating EVs from different body fluids and careful selection of patients will provide the basis for obtaining reliable results and extend their application as effective biomarkers in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaenrica Tinè
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Ylenia Padrin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale Cà Foncello, Azienda Unità Locale Socio-Sanitaria 2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Umberto Semenzato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Erica Bazzan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Conti
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Saetta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Graziella Turato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Baraldo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time in Chinese Healthy Population. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101867. [PMID: 36292752 PMCID: PMC9602091 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gene polymorphisms on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in a healthy Chinese population. (2) Methods: A total of 403 healthy volunteers from a series of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) bioequivalence trials in China were included. Coagulation tests for PT and APTT were performed in the central lab at Peking University First Hospital. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and genome-wide association analysis were performed. (3) Results: In the correlation analysis of PT, 105 SNPs from 84 genes reached the genome-wide significance threshold (p < 1 × 10−5). Zinc Finger Protein 594 (ZNF594) rs184838268 (p = 4.50 × 10−19) was most significantly related to PT, and Actinin Alpha 1 (ACTN1) was found to interact most with other candidate genes. Significant associations with previously reported candidate genes Aurora Kinase B (AURKB), Complement C5(C5), Clock Circadian Regulator (CLOCK), and Histone Deacetylase 9(HDAC9) were detected in our dataset (p < 1 × 10−5). PiggyBac Transposable Element Derived 2(PGBD2) rs75935520 (p = 4.49 × 10−6), Bromodomain Adjacent To Zinc Finger Domain 2A(BAZ2A) rs199970765 (p = 5.69 × 10−6) and Protogenin (PRTG) rs80064850 (p = 8.69 × 10−6) were significantly correlated with APTT (p < 1 × 10−5). The heritability values of PT and APTT were 0.83 and 0.64, respectively; (4) Conclusion: The PT and APTT of healthy populations are affected by genetic polymorphisms. ZNF594 and ACTN1 variants could be novel genetic markers of PT, while PRTG polymorphisms might be associated with APTT levels. The findings could be attributed to ethnic differences, and need further investigation.
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12
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Sanzi Yangqin Decoction Alleviates Allergic Asthma by Modulating Th1/Th2 Balance: Coupling Network Pharmacology with Biochemical Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9037154. [PMID: 36212941 PMCID: PMC9536894 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9037154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify that Sanzi Yangqin Decoction (SYD) can relieve asthma in mice and explore the effect on TH1/Th2 balance. The targets of SYD and asthma were explored from the public database using various methods. The potential targets and signaling pathways were identified by KEGG enrichment analysis from DAVID database. Mice asthma models were established using OVA and aluminum hydroxide. Lung tissues of mice were stained with HE and Masson. The contents of IFN-γ, IL-4, and TNF-α in BALF and IgE in mouse serum were detected using ELISA. In addition, the changes in Th1 and Th2 cells of the spleen were detected by flow cytometry. Fourteen core targets including IL4, IFNG, and MMP9 were identified for the treatment of asthma by SYD. The content of IL-4 in the lung tissue and BALF was gradually decreased with the increase in SYD concentration, while the IFN-γ was gradually increased. The drug significantly reduced IgE levels in serum and TNF-α in BALF. The number of Th1 cells in the spleen increased, while Th2 cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. SYD can alleviate pulmonary inflammation, restore Th1/Th2 balance, and relieve asthma.
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13
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Dhar R, Mukherjee S, Mukerjee N, Mukherjee D, Devi A, Ashraf GM, Alserihi RF, Tayeb HH, Hashem AM, Alexiou A, Thorate N. Interrelation between extracellular vesicles miRNAs with chronic lung diseases. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4021-4036. [PMID: 36063496 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer vesicles that carry biologically active biomolecule cargos like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) outside of the cell. Blood (serum/plasma), urine, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are all examples of biofluids from which they may be collected. EVs play a vital role in intracellular communication. The molecular signature of EVs largely depends on the parental cell's status. EVs are classified into two groups, (1) exosomes (originated by endogenous route) and (2) microvesicles (originated from the plasma membrane, also known as ectosomes). The quantity and types of EV cargo vary during normal conditions compared to pathological conditions (chronic inflammatory lung diseases or lung cancer). Consequently, EVs contain novel biomarkers that differ based on the cell type of origin and during lung diseases. Small RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) are transported by EVs, which is one of the most rapidly evolving research areas in the field of EVs biology. EV-mediated cargos transport small RNAs that can result in reprograming the target/recipient cells. Multiple chronic inflammatory lung illnesses, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, and lung cancer, have been demonstrated to be regulated by EV. In this review, we will consolidate the current knowledge and literature on the novel role of EVs and their small RNAs concerning chronic lung diseases (CLDs). Additionally, we will also provide better insight into the clinical and translational impact of mesenchymal stem cells-derived EVs as novel therapeutic agents in treating CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Dhar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
| | | | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed F Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam H Tayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
| | - Nanasaheb Thorate
- Division of Medical Sciences, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Mechanical force-promoted osteoclastic differentiation via periodontal ligament stem cell exosomal protein ANXA3. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1842-1858. [PMID: 35868309 PMCID: PMC9391435 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a critical role in intracellular communication. The biogenesis and function of exosomes are regulated by multiple biochemical factors. In the present study, we find that mechanical force promotes the biogenesis of exosomes derived from periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and alters the exosomal proteome profile to induce osteoclastic differentiation. Mechanistically, mechanical force increases the level of exosomal proteins, especially annexin A3 (ANXA3), which facilitates exosome internalization to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), thus inducing osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, the infusion of exosomes derived from PDLSCs into mice promotes mechanical force-induced tooth movement and increases osteoclasts in the periodontal ligament. Collectively, this study demonstrates that mechanical force treatment promotes the biogenesis of exosomes from PDLSCs and increases exosomal protein ANXA3 to facilitate exosome internalization, which activates ERK phosphorylation, thus inducing osteoclast differentiation. Our findings shed light on new mechanisms for how mechanical force regulates the biology of exosomes and bone metabolism. Mechanical force promotes the biogenesis of exosomes derived from PDLSCs by RAB27B Mechanical force increases exosomal protein ANXA3 to facilitate exosome internalization ANXA3 activates ERK phosphorylation to induce osteoclast differentiation PDLSC exosomes enhance mechanical force-induced tooth movement
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15
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Indirect mediators of systemic health outcomes following nanoparticle inhalation exposure. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108120. [PMID: 35085604 PMCID: PMC9189040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing field of nanoscience has shed light on the wide diversity of natural and anthropogenic sources of nano-scale particulates, raising concern as to their impacts on human health. Inhalation is the most robust route of entry, with nanoparticles (NPs) evading mucociliary clearance and depositing deep into the alveolar region. Yet, impacts from inhaled NPs are evident far outside the lung, particularly on the cardiovascular system and highly vascularized organs like the brain. Peripheral effects are partly explained by the translocation of some NPs from the lung into the circulation; however, other NPs largely confined to the lung are still accompanied by systemic outcomes. Omic research has only just begun to inform on the complex myriad of molecules released from the lung to the blood as byproducts of pulmonary pathology. These indirect mediators are diverse in their molecular make-up and activity in the periphery. The present review examines systemic outcomes attributed to pulmonary NP exposure and what is known about indirect pathological mediators released from the lung into the circulation. Further focus was directed to outcomes in the brain, a highly vascularized region susceptible to acute and longer-term outcomes. Findings here support the need for big-data toxicological studies to understand what drives these health outcomes and better predict, circumvent, and treat the potential health impacts arising from NP exposure scenarios.
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16
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Mwase C, Phung TKN, O’Sullivan MJ, Mitchel JA, De Marzio M, Kılıç A, Weiss ST, Fredberg JJ, Park JA. Mechanical Compression of Human Airway Epithelial Cells Induces Release of Extracellular Vesicles Containing Tenascin C. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020256. [PMID: 35053372 PMCID: PMC8774246 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant remodeling of the asthmatic airway is not well understood but is thought to be attributable in part to mechanical compression of airway epithelial cells. Here, we examine compression-induced expression and secretion of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin C (TNC) from well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells grown in an air-liquid interface culture. We measured TNC mRNA expression using RT-qPCR and secreted TNC protein using Western blotting and ELISA. To determine intracellular signaling pathways, we used specific inhibitors for either ERK or TGF-β receptor, and to assess the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) we used a commercially available kit and Western blotting. At baseline, secreted TNC protein was significantly higher in asthmatic compared to non-asthmatic cells. In response to mechanical compression, both TNC mRNA expression and secreted TNC protein was significantly increased in both non-asthmatic and asthmatic cells. TNC production depended on both the ERK and TGF-β receptor pathways. Moreover, mechanically compressed HBE cells released EVs that contain TNC. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which mechanical compression, as is caused by bronchospasm, is sufficient to induce the production of ECM protein in the airway and potentially contribute to airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimwemwe Mwase
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Thien-Khoi N. Phung
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Michael J. O’Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Jennifer A. Mitchel
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Margherita De Marzio
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ayşe Kılıç
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Jeffrey J. Fredberg
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.); (T.-K.N.P.); (M.J.O.); (J.A.M.); (M.D.M.); (S.T.W.); (J.J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-432-2726
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17
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Designer Exosomes: Smart Nano-Communication Tools for Translational Medicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110158. [PMID: 34821724 PMCID: PMC8615258 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are the master transporters of genes, RNAs, microRNAs, proteins, and lipids. They have applications in major diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and diabetes mellitus. Delivery of the exosomes to recipient cells is governed by the functional heterogenicity of the tissues. Engineered exosomes are promising tools in tissue regeneration. In addition to their role as intracellular communication cargos, exosomes are increasingly primed as standard biomarkers in the progression of diseases, thereby solving the diagnostic dilemma. Futuristic empowerment of exosomes with OMICS strategy can undoubtedly be a bio-tool in translational medicine. This review discusses the advent transformation of exosomes in regenerative medicine and limitations that are caveats to broader applications in clinical use.
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18
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Bordoni B, Escher AR. Palpation of the Respiratory System in Osteopathic Manual Medicine: From the Trachea to the Lungs. Cureus 2021; 13:e18059. [PMID: 34552839 PMCID: PMC8448380 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of published literature in osteopathic manual medicine on how to perform palpation of the lower respiratory tree such as the trachea, main bronchi, and lungs. Several authors have studied the osteopathic effect and respiratory response of palpation but have failed to demonstrate how to perform palpation of the visceral areas involved in breathing, either in the context of a clinical trial or as a case report. This paper reviews the innervation of these anatomical areas, the mechano-metabolic weight of the passage of fluids and air in the respiratory tract, the anatomical topography, and the movements involved in respiration. Drawing from current knowledge, this article illustrates, for the first time, how to place the hands for an effective osteopathic assessment of the tracheal, bronchial, and pulmonary structures. Understanding how to perform palpation of the lower areas is a fundamental tool in the clinic and potential therapy in osteopathic manual medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ITA
| | - Allan R Escher
- Anesthesiology/Pain Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
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19
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Yu Y, Zhou Y, Di C, Zhao C, Chen J, Su W, Wu Q, Wu M, Su X, Xia Z. Increased airway epithelial cell-derived exosomes activate macrophage-mediated allergic inflammation via CD100 shedding. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8850-8862. [PMID: 34414666 PMCID: PMC8435458 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells (AECs) participate in allergic airway inflammation by producing mediators in response to allergen stimulation. Whether ovalbumin (OVA) challenge promotes exosome release from AECs (OVA‐challenged AEC‐derived exosomes (OAEs)), thereby affecting airway inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms, is unknown. Our study showed that AECs released an increased number of exosomes after OVA challenge, and the expression of Plexin B2 (PLXNB2; a natural CD100 ligand) was increased by a massive 85.7‐fold in OAEs than in PBS‐treated AEC‐derived exosomes (PAEs). CD100+F4/80+ macrophages engulfed OAEs to trigger the transcription of pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Plxnb2 transcripts increased in asthmatic lungs, and similarly, PLXNB2 protein was highly enriched in exosomes purified from asthmatic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Furthermore, aspiration of PLXNB2 or OAEs increased the recruitment of lung neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and dendritic cells in OVA‐challenged mice. Mechanistically, OAE aspiration enhanced the cleavage of CD100 by MMP14, which manifested as an increase in the soluble CD100 (sCD100) level in BAL fluid and lung homogenates. Knockdown of Mmp14 in macrophages prevented the cleavage of CD100 and reduced Ccl2, Ccl5 and Cxcl2 transcription. These data indicate that PLXNB2‐containing OAEs aggravate airway asthmatic inflammation via cleavage of CD100 by MMP14, suggesting potential therapeutic targets of OAE‐mediated asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Di
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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De Marzio M, Kılıç A, Maiorino E, Mitchel JA, Mwase C, O'Sullivan MJ, McGill M, Chase R, Fredberg JJ, Park JA, Glass K, Weiss ST. Genomic signatures of the unjamming transition in compressed human bronchial epithelial cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/30/eabf1088. [PMID: 34301595 PMCID: PMC8302128 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissue can transition from a jammed, solid-like, quiescent phase to an unjammed, fluid-like, migratory phase, but the underlying molecular events of the unjamming transition (UJT) remain largely unexplored. Using primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and one well-defined trigger of the UJT, compression mimicking the mechanical effects of bronchoconstriction, here, we combine RNA sequencing data with protein-protein interaction networks to provide the first genome-wide analysis of the UJT. Our results show that compression induces an early transcriptional activation of the membrane and actomyosin network and a delayed activation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-matrix networks. This response is associated with a signaling cascade that promotes actin polymerization and cellular motility through the coordinated interplay of downstream pathways including ERK, JNK, integrin signaling, and energy metabolism. Moreover, in nonasthmatic versus asthmatic HBECs, common genomic patterns associated with ECM remodeling suggest a molecular connection between airway remodeling, bronchoconstriction, and the UJT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita De Marzio
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayşe Kılıç
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enrico Maiorino
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Mitchel
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chimwemwe Mwase
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J O'Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maureen McGill
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Fredberg
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Srinivasan A, Sundar IK. Recent updates on the role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 2:127-147. [PMID: 34414402 PMCID: PMC8372030 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway diagnosed with different endotypes and phenotypes, characterized by airway obstruction in response to allergens, bacterial/viral infections, or pollutants. Several cell types such as the airway epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells and different immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs), T and B cells and mast cells play an essential role during the pathobiology of asthma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanovesicles produced by every cell type that facilitates intercellular communications. EVs contain heterogeneous cargos that primarily depend on the composition or cell type of origin and they can alter the physiological state of the target cells. EVs encompass a wide variety of proteins including Tetraspanins, MHC classes I and II, co-stimulatory molecules, nucleic acids such as RNA, miRNA, piRNA, circRNA, and lipids like ceramides and sphingolipids. Recent literature indicates that EVs play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma and may potentially be used as a novel biomarker to determine endotypes and phenotypes in severe asthmatics. Based on the prior reports, we speculate that regulation of EVs biogenesis and release might be under the control of circadian rhythms. Thus, circadian rhythms may influence the composition of the EVs, which alter the microenvironment that results in the induction of an immune-inflammatory response to various environmental insults or allergens such as air pollutants, ozone, diesel exhaust particles, pollens, outdoor molds, environmental tobacco smoke, etc. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent updates on the novel role of EVs in the pathogenesis of asthma, and highlight the link between circadian rhythms and EVs that may be important to identify molecular mechanisms to target during the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung disease such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashokkumar Srinivasan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Lawrence, KS 66160, USA
| | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Lawrence, KS 66160, USA
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22
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Extracellular Vesicles and Asthma-More Than Just a Co-Existence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094984. [PMID: 34067156 PMCID: PMC8124625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures, which are secreted by almost every cell type analyzed so far. In addition to their importance for cell-cell communication under physiological conditions, EVs are also released during pathogenesis and mechanistically contribute to this process. Here we summarize their functional relevance in asthma, one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases. Asthma is a complex persistent inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and, from a long-term perspective, airway remodeling. Overall, mechanistic studies summarized here indicate the importance of different subtypes of EVs and their variable cargoes in the functioning of the pathways underlying asthma, and show some interesting potential for the development of future therapeutic interventions. Association studies in turn demonstrate a good diagnostic potential of EVs in asthma.
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Epithelial exosomal contactin-1 promotes monocyte-derived dendritic cell-dominant T-cell responses in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1545-1558. [PMID: 33957164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes have emerged as a vital player in cell-cell communication; however, whether airway epithelial cell (AEC)-generated exosomes participate in asthma development remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to characterize the AEC-secreted exosomes and the potentially functional protein(s) that may contribute to the proinflammatory effects of AEC exosomes in the dendritic cell (DC)-dominant airway allergic models and to confirm their clinical significance in patients with asthma. METHODS Mice were treated with exosomes derived from house dust mite (HDM)-stimulated AECs (HDM-AEC-EXOs) or monocyte-derived DCs primed by HDM and/or contactin-1 (CNTN1). The numbers of DCs in the lung were determined by flow cytometry. Proteomic analysis of purified HDM-AEC-EXOs was performed. CNTN1 small interfering RNA was designed to probe its role in airway allergy, and γ-secretase inhibitor was used to determine involvement of the Notch pathway. RESULTS HDM-AEC-EXOs facilitate the recruitment, proliferation, migration, and activation of monocyte-derived DCs in cell culture and in mice. CNTN1 in exosomes is a critical player in asthma pathology. RNA interference-mediated silencing and pharmaceutical inhibitors characterize Notch2 receptor as necessary for relaying the CNTN1 signal to activate TH2 cell/TH17 cell immune response. Studies of patients with asthma also support existence of the CNTN1-Notch2 axis that has been observed in cell and mouse models. CONCLUSION This study's findings reveal a novel role for CNTN1 in asthma pathogenesis mediated through exosome secretion, indicating a potential strategy for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation.
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Zhao J, Jiang T, Li P, Dai L, Shi G, Jing X, Gao S, Jia L, Wu S, Wang Y, Peng Y, Cheng Z. Tissue factor promotes airway pathological features through epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bronchial epithelial cells in mice with house dust mite-induced asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107690. [PMID: 33940323 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that expression levels of tissue factor (TF) are high in the serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with asthma. However, whether TF impacts airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TF in asthma airway inflammation and remodelling using a house dust mite (HDM)-induced chronic asthma model and human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. A chronic asthma model was constructed in BALB/c mice by the intranasal instillation of HDM. Mice were treated with short hairpin TF (shTF), and airway inflammation and remodelling features of asthma and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assessed. 16HBE cells were induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and HDM in the presence or absence of shTF; then, EMT markers and invasion and migration ability were determined. TF expression increased in the lung tissue and 16HBE cells when exposed to HDM. TF downregulation in the lung significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil inflammation, the EMT process, and levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-13, and TGF-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice. Moreover, TF downregulation inhibited migration and incursion and decreased the expression levels of fibronectin 1 and TGF-β1, but increased the expression of E-cadherin in HDM- and TGF-β1-stimulated 16HBE cells. These results demonstrated that TF promoted airway pathological features by enhancing the EMT of bronchial epithelial cells both in vitro and in mice with house dust mite-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China.
| | - Tianci Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Lingling Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Guang Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Jing
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Shuhui Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Liuqun Jia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Shujun Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Youmei Peng
- Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China.
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25
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EVs from BALF-Mediators of Inflammation and Potential Biomarkers in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073651. [PMID: 33915715 PMCID: PMC8036254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as key messengers of intracellular communication in health and disease, including the lung. EVs that can be found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are released by multiple cells of the airways including bronchial epithelial cells, endothelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and other immune cells, and they have been shown to mediate proinflammatory signals in many inflammatory lung diseases. They transfer complex molecular cargo, including proteins, cytokines, lipids, and nucleic acids such as microRNA, between structural cells such as pulmonary epithelial cells and innate immune cells such as alveolar macrophages, shaping mutually their functions and affecting the alveolar microenvironment homeostasis. Here, we discuss this distinct molecular cargo of BALF-EVs in the context of inducing and propagating inflammatory responses in particular acute and chronic lung disorders. We present different identified cellular interactions in the inflammatory lung via EVs and their role in lung pathogenesis. We also summarize the latest studies on the potential use of BALF-EVs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of lung diseases, especially of lung cancer.
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26
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Pastor L, Vera E, Marin JM, Sanz-Rubio D. Extracellular Vesicles from Airway Secretions: New Insights in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E583. [PMID: 33430153 PMCID: PMC7827453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases (LD) are one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Although it is known that chronic airway inflammation and excessive tissue repair are processes associated with LD such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), their specific pathways remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous nanoscale membrane vesicles with an important role in cell-to-cell communication. EVs are present in general biofluids as plasma or urine but also in secretions of the airway as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), induced sputum (IS), nasal lavage (NL) or pharyngeal lavage. Alterations of airway EV cargo could be crucial for understanding LD. Airway EVs have shown a role in the pathogenesis of some LD such as eosinophil increase in asthma, the promotion of lung cancer in vitro models in COPD and as biomarkers to distinguishing IPF in patients with diffuse lung diseases. In addition, they also have a promising future as therapeutics for LD. In this review, we focus on the importance of airway secretions in LD, the pivotal role of EVs from those secretions on their pathophysiology and their potential for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pastor
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Elisabeth Vera
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Respiratory Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M. Marin
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Respiratory Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sanz-Rubio
- Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISAragón), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
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27
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O'Sullivan MJ, Phung TKN, Park JA. Bronchoconstriction: a potential missing link in airway remodelling. Open Biol 2020; 10:200254. [PMID: 33259745 PMCID: PMC7776576 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In asthma, progressive structural changes of the airway wall are collectively termed airway remodelling. Despite its deleterious effect on lung function, airway remodelling is incompletely understood. As one of the important causes leading to airway remodelling, here we discuss the significance of mechanical forces that are produced in the narrowed airway during asthma exacerbation, as a driving force of airway remodelling. We cover in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo work in this field, and discuss up-to-date literature supporting the idea that bronchoconstriction may be the missing link in a comprehensive understanding of airway remodelling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Mitchel JA, Das A, O'Sullivan MJ, Stancil IT, DeCamp SJ, Koehler S, Ocaña OH, Butler JP, Fredberg JJ, Nieto MA, Bi D, Park JA. In primary airway epithelial cells, the unjamming transition is distinct from the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5053. [PMID: 33028821 PMCID: PMC7542457 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the unjamming transition (UJT) each comprises a gateway to cellular migration, plasticity and remodeling, but the extent to which these core programs are distinct, overlapping, or identical has remained undefined. Here, we triggered partial EMT (pEMT) or UJT in differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells. After triggering UJT, cell-cell junctions, apico-basal polarity, and barrier function remain intact, cells elongate and align into cooperative migratory packs, and mesenchymal markers of EMT remain unapparent. After triggering pEMT these and other metrics of UJT versus pEMT diverge. A computational model attributes effects of pEMT mainly to diminished junctional tension but attributes those of UJT mainly to augmented cellular propulsion. Through the actions of UJT and pEMT working independently, sequentially, or interactively, those tissues that are subject to development, injury, or disease become endowed with rich mechanisms for cellular migration, plasticity, self-repair, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Das
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ian T Stancil
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Oscar H Ocaña
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - James P Butler
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Veerati PC, Mitchel JA, Reid AT, Knight DA, Bartlett NW, Park JA, Grainge CL. Airway mechanical compression: its role in asthma pathogenesis and progression. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:190123. [PMID: 32759373 PMCID: PMC8008491 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0123-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is a mechanically active organ, but uncontrolled or excessive mechanical forces disrupt normal lung function and can contribute to the development of disease. In asthma, bronchoconstriction leads to airway narrowing and airway wall buckling. A growing body of evidence suggests that pathological mechanical forces induced by airway buckling alone can perpetuate disease processes in asthma. Here, we review the data obtained from a variety of experimental models, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo approaches, which have been used to study the impact of mechanical forces in asthma pathogenesis. We review the evidence showing that mechanical compression alters the biological and biophysical properties of the airway epithelium, including activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway, overproduction of asthma-associated mediators, goblet cell hyperplasia, and a phase transition of epithelium from a static jammed phase to a mobile unjammed phase. We also define questions regarding the impact of mechanical forces on the pathology of asthma, with a focus on known triggers of asthma exacerbations such as viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnam Chander Veerati
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Mitchel
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Research and Academic Affairs, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chris L Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
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30
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Mohan A, Agarwal S, Clauss M, Britt NS, Dhillon NK. Extracellular vesicles: novel communicators in lung diseases. Respir Res 2020; 21:175. [PMID: 32641036 PMCID: PMC7341477 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is the organ with the highest vascular density in the human body. It is therefore perceivable that the endothelium of the lung contributes significantly to the circulation of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. In addition to the endothelium, EVs may arise from alveolar macrophages, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Because EVs harbor cargo molecules, such as miRNA, mRNA, and proteins, these intercellular communicators provide important insight into the health and disease condition of donor cells and may serve as useful biomarkers of lung disease processes. This comprehensive review focuses on what is currently known about the role of EVs as markers and mediators of lung pathologies including COPD, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, lung cancer and ALI/ARDS. We also explore the role EVs can potentially serve as therapeutics for these lung diseases when released from healthy progenitor cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Mohan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Matthias Clauss
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nicholas S Britt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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31
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Pryzdial ELG, Sutherland MR, Lin BH, Horwitz M. Antiviral anticoagulation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:774-788. [PMID: 32685886 PMCID: PMC7354393 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel envelope virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hallmarks of COVID-19 are a puzzling form of thrombophilia that has elevated D-dimer but only modest effects on other parameters of coagulopathy. This is combined with severe inflammation, often leading to acute respiratory distress and possible lethality. Coagulopathy and inflammation are interconnected by the transmembrane receptor, tissue factor (TF), which initiates blood clotting as a cofactor for factor VIIa (FVIIa)-mediated factor Xa (FXa) generation. TF also functions from within the nascent TF/FVIIa/FXa complex to trigger profound changes via protease-activated receptors (PARs) in many cell types, including SARS-CoV-2-trophic cells. Therefore, aberrant expression of TF may be the underlying basis of COVID-19 symptoms. Evidence suggests a correlation between infection with many virus types and development of clotting-related symptoms, ranging from heart disease to bleeding, depending on the virus. Since numerous cell types express TF and can act as sites for virus replication, a model envelope virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), has been used to investigate the uptake of TF into the envelope. Indeed, HSV1 and other viruses harbor surface TF antigen, which retains clotting and PAR signaling function. Strikingly, envelope TF is essential for HSV1 infection in mice, and the FXa-directed oral anticoagulant apixaban had remarkable antiviral efficacy. SARS-CoV-2 replicates in TF-bearing epithelial and endothelial cells and may stimulate and integrate host cell TF, like HSV1 and other known coagulopathic viruses. Combined with this possibility, the features of COVID-19 suggest that it is a TFopathy, and the TF/FVIIa/FXa complex is a feasible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L. G. Pryzdial
- Center for InnovationCanadian Blood ServicesVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Michael R. Sutherland
- Center for InnovationCanadian Blood ServicesVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Bryan H. Lin
- Center for InnovationCanadian Blood ServicesVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Marc Horwitz
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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32
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Ax E, Jevnikar Z, Cvjetkovic A, Malmhäll C, Olsson H, Rådinger M, Lässer C. T2 and T17 cytokines alter the cargo and function of airway epithelium-derived extracellular vesicles. Respir Res 2020; 21:155. [PMID: 32560723 PMCID: PMC7304225 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a common and heterogeneous disease that includes subgroups characterized by type 2 (T2) or type 17 (T17) immune responses for which there is a need to identify the underlying mechanisms and biomarkers in order to develop specific therapies. These subgroups can be defined by airway epithelium gene signatures and the airway epithelium has also been implicated to play a significant role in asthma pathology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry functional biomolecules and participate in cell-to-cell communication in both health and disease, properties that are likely to be involved in airway diseases such as asthma. The aim of this study was to identify stimulus-specific proteins and functionality of bronchial epithelium-derived EVs following stimulation with T2 or T17 cytokines. Methods EVs from cytokine-stimulated (T2: IL-4 + IL-13 or T17: IL-17A + TNFα) human bronchial epithelial cells cultured at air-liquid interface (HBEC-ALI) were isolated by density cushion centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography and characterized with Western blotting and electron microscopy. Transcriptomic (cells) and proteomic (EVs) profiling was also performed. Results Our data shows that EVs are secreted and can be isolated from the apical side of HBEC-ALI and that cytokine stimulation increases EV release. Genes upregulated in cells stimulated with T2 or T17 cytokines were increased also on protein level in the EVs. Proteins found in T17-derived EVs were suggested to be involved in pathways related to neutrophil movement which was supported by assessing neutrophil chemotaxis ex vivo. Conclusions Together, the results suggest that epithelial EVs are involved in airway inflammation and that the EV proteome may be used for discovery of disease-specific mechanisms and signatures which may enable a precision medicine approach to the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Ax
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zala Jevnikar
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Cvjetkovic
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henric Olsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Shi B, Hao Y, Li W, Dong H, Xu M, Gao P. The enigmatic role of TIPE2 in asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L163-L172. [PMID: 32493031 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00069.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8/TIPE) family that play a carcinogenic role and regulate apoptosis, TNFAIP8-like 2 (TIPE2) can not only maintain immune homeostasis but also regulate inflammation. TIPE2 mainly restrains the activation of T cell receptor (TCR) and Toll-like receptors (TLR), regulating its downstream signaling pathways, thereby regulating inflammation. Interestingly, TIPE2 is abnormally expressed in many inflammatory diseases and may promote or inhibit inflammation in different diseases. This review summarizes the molecular target and cellular function of TIPE2 in immune cells and inflammatory diseases and the underlying mechanism by which TIPE2 regulates inflammation. The function and mechanism of TIPE2 in asthma is also explained in detail. TIPE2 is abnormally expressed in asthma and participates in the pathogenesis of different phenotypes of asthma through regulating multiple inflammatory cells' activity and function. Considering the indispensable role of TIPE2 in asthma, TIPE2 may be an effective therapeutic target in asthma. However, the available data are insufficient to provide a full understanding of the complex role of TIPE2 in human asthma. Further study is still necessary to explore the possible mechanism and functions of TIPE2 in different asthma phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuqiu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongna Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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34
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Sangaphunchai P, Todd I, Fairclough LC. Extracellular vesicles and asthma: A review of the literature. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:291-307. [PMID: 31925972 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic, recurrent and incurable allergy-related respiratory disease characterized by inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and narrowing of the airways. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a universal feature of cellular function and can be detected in different bodily fluids. Recent evidence has shown the possibility of using EVs in understanding the pathogenesis of asthma, including their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Studies have reported that EVs released from key cells involved in asthma can induce priming and activation of other asthma-associated cells. A literature review was conducted on all current research regarding the role and function of EVs in the pathogenesis of asthma via the PRISMA statement method. An electronic search was performed using EMBASE and PubMed through to November 2018. The EMBASE search returned 76 papers, while the PubMed search returned 211 papers. Following duplicate removal, titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility with a total of 34 studies included in the final qualitative analysis. The review found evidence of association between the presence of EVs and physiological changes characteristic of asthma, suggesting that EVs are involved in the pathogenesis, with the weight of evidence presently favouring deleterious effects of EVs in asthma. Numerous studies highlighted differences in exosomal contents between EVs of healthy and asthmatic individuals, which could be employed as potential diagnostic markers. In some circumstances, EVs were also found to be suppressive to disease, but more often promote inflammation and airway remodelling. In conclusion, EVs hold immense potential in understanding the pathophysiology of asthma, and as diagnostic and therapeutic markers. While more research is needed for definitive conclusions and their application in medical practice, the literature presented in this review should encourage further research and discovery within the field of EVs and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Todd
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lucy C Fairclough
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Bartel S, La Grutta S, Cilluffo G, Perconti G, Bongiovanni A, Giallongo A, Behrends J, Kruppa J, Hermann S, Chiang D, Pfaffl MW, Krauss‐Etschmann S. Human airway epithelial extracellular vesicle miRNA signature is altered upon asthma development. Allergy 2020; 75:346-356. [PMID: 31386204 DOI: 10.1111/all.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs are master regulators of signaling pathways critically involved in asthma and are transferred between cells in extracellular vesicles (EV). We aimed to investigate whether the miRNA content of EV secreted by primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) is altered upon asthma development. METHODS NHBE cells were cultured at air-liquid interface and treated with interleukin (IL)-13 to induce an asthma-like phenotype. EV isolations by precipitation from basal culture medium or apical surface wash were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot, and EV-associated miRNAs were identified by a RT-qPCR-based profiling. Significant candidates were confirmed in EVs isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from nasal lavages of children with mild-to-moderate (n = 8) or severe asthma (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 9). RESULTS NHBE cells secrete EVs to the apical and basal side. 47 miRNAs were expressed in EVs and 16 thereof were significantly altered in basal EV upon IL-13 treatment. Expression of miRNAs could be confirmed in EVs from human nasal lavages. Of note, levels of miR-92b, miR-210, and miR-34a significantly correlated with lung function parameters in children (FEV1 FVC%pred and FEF25-75%pred ), thus lower sEV-miRNA levels in nasal lavages associated with airway obstruction. Subsequent ingenuity pathway analysis predicted the miRNAs to regulate Th2 polarization and dendritic cell maturation. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that secretion of miRNAs in EVs from the airway epithelium, in particular miR-34a, miR-92b, and miR-210, might be involved in the early development of a Th2 response in the airways and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Bartel
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN) Borstel Germany
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council Palermo Italy
| | - Giovanna Cilluffo
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council Palermo Italy
| | - Giovanni Perconti
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council Palermo Italy
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council Palermo Italy
| | - Agata Giallongo
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council Palermo Italy
| | - Jochen Behrends
- Core Facility Fluorescence Cytometry Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Jochen Kruppa
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Stefanie Hermann
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Dapi Chiang
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss‐Etschmann
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN) Borstel Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität zu Kiel Kiel Germany
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Najrana T, Mahadeo A, Abu-Eid R, Kreienberg E, Schulte V, Uzun A, Schorl C, Goldberg L, Quesenberry P, Sanchez-Esteban J. Mechanical stretch regulates the expression of specific miRNA in extracellular vesicles released from lung epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8210-8223. [PMID: 31970782 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of normal lung organogenesis is not well understood. An increasing number of studies are demonstrating that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play critical roles in organ development by delivering microRNAs (miRNA) to neighboring and distant cells. miRNAs are important for fetal lung growth; however, the role of miRNA-EVs (miRNAs packaged inside the EVs) during fetal lung development is unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of miRNA-EVs in MLE-12, a murine lung epithelial cell line subjected to mechanical stretch in vitro with the long-term goal to investigate their potential role in the fetal lung development. Both cyclic and continuous mechanical stretch regulate miRNA differentially in EVs released from MLE-12 and intracellularly, demonstrating that mechanical signals regulate the expression of miRNA-EVs in lung epithelial cells. These results provide a proof-of-concept for the potential role that miRNA-EVs could play in the development of fetal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanbir Najrana
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Anshu Mahadeo
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Elena Kreienberg
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Victoria Schulte
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alper Uzun
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Christoph Schorl
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Laura Goldberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Juan Sanchez-Esteban
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Kılıç A, Ameli A, Park JA, Kho AT, Tantisira K, Santolini M, Cheng F, Mitchel JA, McGill M, O'Sullivan MJ, De Marzio M, Sharma A, Randell SH, Drazen JM, Fredberg JJ, Weiss ST. Mechanical forces induce an asthma gene signature in healthy airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:966. [PMID: 31969610 PMCID: PMC6976696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchospasm compresses the bronchial epithelium, and this compressive stress has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this compressive stress alters pathways relevant to disease are not well understood. Using air-liquid interface cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells derived from non-asthmatic donors and asthmatic donors, we applied a compressive stress and then used a network approach to map resulting changes in the molecular interactome. In cells from non-asthmatic donors, compression by itself was sufficient to induce inflammatory, late repair, and fibrotic pathways. Remarkably, this molecular profile of non-asthmatic cells after compression recapitulated the profile of asthmatic cells before compression. Together, these results show that even in the absence of any inflammatory stimulus, mechanical compression alone is sufficient to induce an asthma-like molecular signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Kılıç
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asher Ameli
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvin T Kho
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Santolini
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Jennifer A Mitchel
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maureen McGill
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J O'Sullivan
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margherita De Marzio
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amitabh Sharma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Drazen
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Fredberg
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kan S, Hariyadi DM, Grainge C, Knight DA, Bartlett NW, Liang M. Airway epithelial-targeted nanoparticles for asthma therapy. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L500-L509. [PMID: 31913649 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00237.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease associated with intermittent airflow obstruction caused by airway inflammation, mucus overproduction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Despite current treatment and management options, a large number of patients with asthma still have poorly controlled disease and are susceptible to acute exacerbations, usually caused by a respiratory virus infection. As a result, there remains a need for novel therapies to achieve better control and prevent/treat exacerbations. Nanoparticles (NPs), including extracellular vesicles (EV) and their synthetic counterparts, have been developed for drug delivery in respiratory diseases. In the case of asthma, where airway epithelium dysfunction, including dysregulated differentiation of epithelial cells, impaired barrier, and immune response, is a driver of disease, targeting airway epithelial cells with NPs may offer opportunities to repair or reverse these dysfunctions with therapeutic interventions. EVs possess multiple advantages for airway epithelial targeting, such as their natural intrinsic cell-targeting properties and low immunogenicity. Synthetic NPs can be coated with muco-inert polymers to overcome biological barriers such as mucus and the phagocytic response of immune cells. Targeting ligands could be also added to enhance targeting specificity to epithelial cells. The review presents current understanding and advances in NP-mediated drug delivery to airway epithelium for asthma therapy. Future perspectives in this therapeutic strategy will also be discussed, including the development of novel formulations and physiologically relevant preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Christopher Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Viola H, Chang J, Grunwell JR, Hecker L, Tirouvanziam R, Grotberg JB, Takayama S. Microphysiological systems modeling acute respiratory distress syndrome that capture mechanical force-induced injury-inflammation-repair. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:041503. [PMID: 31768486 PMCID: PMC6874511 DOI: 10.1063/1.5111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex in vitro models of the tissue microenvironment, termed microphysiological systems, have enormous potential to transform the process of discovering drugs and disease mechanisms. Such a paradigm shift is urgently needed in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), an acute lung condition with no successful therapies and a 40% mortality rate. Here, we consider how microphysiological systems could improve understanding of biological mechanisms driving ARDS and ultimately improve the success of therapies in clinical trials. We first discuss how microphysiological systems could explain the biological mechanisms underlying the segregation of ARDS patients into two clinically distinct phenotypes. Then, we contend that ARDS-mimetic microphysiological systems should recapitulate three critical aspects of the distal airway microenvironment, namely, mechanical force, inflammation, and fibrosis, and we review models that incorporate each of these aspects. Finally, we recognize the substantial challenges associated with combining inflammation, fibrosis, and/or mechanical force in microphysiological systems. Nevertheless, complex in vitro models are a novel paradigm for studying ARDS, and they could ultimately improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Chang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Jocelyn R. Grunwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Louise Hecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA and Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona 85723, USA
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA and Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - James B. Grotberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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40
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Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid: a review and comparison of different methods. Respir Res 2019; 20:240. [PMID: 31666080 PMCID: PMC6822481 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space, which play a role in cell to cell communication. EVs are categorized into 3 groups depending on their size, surface marker, and method of release from the host cell. Recently, EVs have become of interest in the study of multiple disease etiologies and are believed to be potential biomarkers for many diseases. Multiple different methods have been developed to isolate EVs from different samples such as cell culture medium, serum, blood, and urine. Once isolated, EVs can be characterized by technology such as nanotracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, and nanoscale flow cytometry. In this review, we summarize the current methods of EV isolation, provide details into the three methods of EV characterization, and provide insight into which isolation approaches are most suitable for EV isolation from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).
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41
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Cell Type- and Exposure-Specific Modulation of CD63/CD81-Positive and Tissue Factor-Positive Extracellular Vesicle Release in response to Respiratory Toxicants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5204218. [PMID: 31485294 PMCID: PMC6710792 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5204218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to respiratory stressors increases the risk for pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we have shown that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) triggers the release of CD63+CD81+ and tissue factor (TF)+ procoagulant extracellular vesicles (EVs) by bronchial epithelial cells via depletion of cell surface thiols. Here, we hypothesized that this represents a universal response for different pulmonary cell types and respiratory exposures. Using bead-based flow cytometry, we found that bronchial epithelial cells and pulmonary fibroblasts, but not pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells or macrophages, release CD63+CD81+ and TF+ EVs in response to CSE. Cell surface thiols decreased in all cell types upon CSE exposure, whereas depletion of cell surface thiols using bacitracin only triggered EV release by epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The thiol-antioxidant NAC prevented the EV induction by CSE in epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Exposure of epithelial cells to occupational silica nanoparticles and particulate matter (PM) from outdoor air pollution also enhanced EV release. Cell surface thiols were mildly decreased and NAC partly prevented the EV induction for PM10, but not for silica and PM2.5. Taken together, induction of procoagulant EVs is a cell type-specific response to CSE. Moreover, induction of CD63+CD81+ and TF+ EVs in bronchial epithelial cells appears to be a universal response to various respiratory stressors. TF+ EVs may serve as biomarkers of exposure and/or risk in response to respiratory exposures and may help to guide preventive treatment decisions.
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Mostovenko E, Young T, Muldoon PP, Bishop L, Canal CG, Vucetic A, Zeidler-Erdely PC, Erdely A, Campen MJ, Ottens AK. Nanoparticle exposure driven circulating bioactive peptidome causes systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:20. [PMID: 31142334 PMCID: PMC6542040 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms driving systemic effects consequent pulmonary nanoparticle exposure remain unclear. Recent work has established the existence of an indirect process by which factors released from the lung into the circulation promote systemic inflammation and cellular dysfunction, particularly on the vasculature. However, the composition of circulating contributing factors and how they are produced remains unknown. Evidence suggests matrix protease involvement; thus, here we used a well-characterized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) oropharyngeal aspiration model with known vascular effects to assess the distinct contribution of nanoparticle-induced peptide fragments in driving systemic pathobiology. Results Data-independent mass spectrometry enabled the unbiased quantitative characterization of 841 significant MWCNT-responses within an enriched peptide fraction, with 567 of these factors demonstrating significant correlation across animal-paired bronchoalveolar lavage and serum biofluids. A database search curated for known matrix protease substrates and predicted signaling motifs enabled identification of 73 MWCNT-responsive peptides, which were significantly associated with an abnormal cardiovascular phenotype, extracellular matrix organization, immune-inflammatory processes, cell receptor signaling, and a MWCNT-altered serum exosome population. Production of a diverse peptidomic response was supported by a wide number of upregulated matrix and lysosomal proteases in the lung after MWCNT exposure. The peptide fraction was then found bioactive, producing endothelial cell inflammation and vascular dysfunction ex vivo akin to that induced with whole serum. Results implicate receptor ligand functionality in driving systemic effects, exemplified by an identified 59-mer thrombospondin fragment, replete with CD36 modulatory motifs, that when synthesized produced an anti-angiogenic response in vitro matching that of the peptide fraction. Other identified peptides point to integrin ligand functionality and more broadly to a diversity of receptor-mediated bioactivity induced by the peptidomic response to nanoparticle exposure. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that pulmonary-sequestered nanoparticles, such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes, acutely upregulate a diverse profile of matrix proteases, and induce a complex peptidomic response across lung and blood compartments. The serum peptide fraction, having cell-surface receptor ligand properties, conveys peripheral bioactivity in promoting endothelial cell inflammation, vasodilatory dysfunction and inhibiting angiogenesis. Results here establish peptide fragments as indirect, non-cytokine mediators and putative biomarkers of systemic health outcomes from nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Mostovenko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Tamara Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Pretal P Muldoon
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Lindsey Bishop
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Christopher G Canal
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Aleksandar Vucetic
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Patti C Zeidler-Erdely
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Aaron Erdely
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Andrew K Ottens
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA.
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Nagano T, Katsurada M, Dokuni R, Hazama D, Kiriu T, Umezawa K, Kobayashi K, Nishimura Y. Crucial Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Bronchial Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102589. [PMID: 31137771 PMCID: PMC6566667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are circulating vesicles secreted by various cell types. EVs are classified into three groups according to size, structural components, and generation process of vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Recently, EVs have been considered to be crucial for cell-to-cell communications and homeostasis because they contain intracellular proteins and nucleic acids. Epithelial cells from mice suffering from bronchial asthma (BA) secrete more EVs and suppress inflammation-induced EV production. Moreover, microarray analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid have revealed that several microRNAs are useful novel biomarkers of BA. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs are possible candidates of novel BA therapy. In this review, we highlight the biologic roles of EVs in BA and review novel EV-targeted therapy to help understanding by clinicians and biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Katsurada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Ryota Dokuni
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Hazama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Kiriu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Kanoko Umezawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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44
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Exosomes: A new approach to asthma pathology. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:139-147. [PMID: 30978325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with a complex pathophysiology, making the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools a challenge. Exosomes are extracellular membranous nanovesicles implicated in intercellular communication. Exosome composition and cargo are highly heterogeneous depending on their cellular origin and physiological state. They contain proteins (tetraspanins, heat-shock proteins), nucleic acids (RNA, microRNA), and lipids (ceramides, cholesterol, sphingolipids). Current scientific advances show that exosomes play a pivotal role in the pathology of asthma as well as other inflammatory diseases, and all types of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils) release exosomes. Also, structural lung cells such as airway epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells produce and secrete these nanovesicles. Exosomes influence and modify the functionality of these inflammatory and structural cells, triggering the characteristic processes of asthma disease. Additionally, exosomes are used as biomarkers in several disorders because they are easier to collect from different biofluids, making them a non-invasive method for screening human pathologies. Also, due to their special molecular characteristics, they can be loaded with different molecules and employed as a drug-delivery vehicle. This review focuses on recent advances related to the role of exosomes in asthma disease.
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45
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Benedikter BJ, Bouwman FG, Heinzmann ACA, Vajen T, Mariman EC, Wouters EFM, Savelkoul PHM, Koenen RR, Rohde GGU, van Oerle R, Spronk HM, Stassen FRM. Proteomic analysis reveals procoagulant properties of cigarette smoke-induced extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1585163. [PMID: 30863515 PMCID: PMC6407597 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1585163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) under basal conditions and when exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Getting insights into the composition of these EVs will help unravel their functions in homeostasis and smoking-induced pathology. Here, we characterized the proteomic composition of basal and CSE-induced airway epithelial EVs. BEAS-2B cells were left unexposed or exposed to 1% CSE for 24 h, followed by EV isolation using ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography. Isolated EVs were labelled with tandem mass tags and their proteomic composition was determined using nano-LC-MS/MS. Tissue factor (TF) activity was determined by a factor Xa generation assay, phosphatidylserine (PS) content by prothrombinase assay and thrombin generation using calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT). Nano-LC-MS/MS identified 585 EV-associated proteins with high confidence. Of these, 201 were differentially expressed in the CSE-EVs according to the moderated t-test, followed by false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment with the FDR threshold set to 0.1. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that 24 proteins of the pathway haemostasis were significantly up-regulated in CSE-EVs, including TF. Increased TF expression on CSE-EVs was confirmed by bead-based flow cytometry and was associated with increased TF activity. CSE-EVs caused faster and more thrombin generation in normal human plasma than control-EVs, which was partly TF-, but also PS-dependent. In conclusion, proteomic analysis allowed us to predict procoagulant properties of CSE-EVs which were confirmed in vitro. Cigarette smoke-induced EVs may contribute to the increased cardiovascular and respiratory risk observed in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birke J Benedikter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Freek G Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra C A Heinzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Vajen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin C Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gernot G U Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Medical clinic I, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Rene van Oerle
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henri M Spronk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank R M Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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46
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O'Sullivan MJ, Lan B. The Aftermath of Bronchoconstriction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 2:0108031-108036. [PMID: 32328569 DOI: 10.1115/1.4042318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and excessive constriction of the airway. Detailed investigation exploring inflammation and the role of immune cells has revealed a variety of possible mechanisms by which chronic inflammation drives asthma development. However, the underlying mechanisms of asthma pathogenesis still remain poorly understood. New evidence now suggests that mechanical stimuli that arise during bronchoconstriction may play a critical role in asthma development. In this article, we review the mechanical effect of bronchoconstriction and how these mechanical stresses contribute to airway remodeling independent of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J O'Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, 1-G07, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bo Lan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, 1-G07, Boston, MA 02115 e-mail:
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Al-Moamary MS, Alhaider SA, Alangari AA, Al Ghobain MO, Zeitouni MO, Idrees MM, Alanazi AF, Al-Harbi AS, Yousef AA, Alorainy HS, Al-Hajjaj MS. The Saudi Initiative for Asthma - 2019 Update: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma in adults and children. Ann Thorac Med 2019; 14:3-48. [PMID: 30745934 PMCID: PMC6341863 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_327_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the fourth version of the updated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma, developed by the Saudi Initiative for Asthma (SINA) group, a subsidiary of the Saudi Thoracic Society. The main objective of the SINA is to have guidelines that are up to date, simple to understand, and easy to use by healthcare workers dealing with asthma patients. To facilitate achieving the goals of asthma management, the SINA panel approach is mainly based on the assessment of symptom control and risk for both adults and children. The approach to asthma management is now more aligned for different age groups. The guidelines have focused more on personalized approaches reflecting better understanding of disease heterogeneity with integration of recommendations related to biologic agents, evidence-based updates on treatment, and role of immunotherapy in management. The medication appendix has also been updated with the addition of recent evidence, new indications for existing medication, and new medications. The guidelines are constructed based on the available evidence, local literature, and current situation at national and regional levels. There is also an emphasis on patient–doctor partnership in the management that also includes a self-management plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Al-Moamary
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Alhaider
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alangari
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed O Al Ghobain
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed O Zeitouni
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majdy M Idrees
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alanazi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel S Al-Harbi
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Yousef
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan S Alorainy
- Department of Respiratory Care, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Al-Hajjaj
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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48
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Lan B, Mitchel JA, O’Sullivan MJ, Park CY, Kim JH, Cole WC, Butler JP, Park JA. Airway epithelial compression promotes airway smooth muscle proliferation and contraction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L645-L652. [PMID: 30070589 PMCID: PMC6295502 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00261.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute bronchoconstriction, the airway epithelium becomes mechanically compressed, as airway smooth muscle contracts and the airway narrows. This mechanical compression activates airway epithelium to promote asthmatic airway remodeling. However, whether compressed airway epithelium can feed back on the cause of bronchoconstriction has remained an open question. Here we examine the potential for epithelial compression to augment proliferation and contraction of airway smooth muscle, and thus potentiate further bronchoconstriction and epithelial compression. Well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells maintained in air-liquid interface culture were mechanically compressed to mimic the effect of bronchoconstriction. Primary human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells were incubated with conditioned media collected from mechanically compressed HBE cells to examine the effect of epithelial-derived mediators on HASM cell proliferation using an EdU assay and HASM cell contraction using traction microscopy. An endothelin receptor antagonist, PD-145065, was employed to probe the role of HBE cell-derived endothelin-1 on the proliferation and contraction of HASM cells. Conditioned media from compressed HBE cells increased HASM cell proliferation, independent of the endothelin-1 signaling pathway. However, conditioned media from compressed HBE cells significantly increased HASM cell basal contraction and histamine-induced contraction, both of which depended on the endothelin-1 signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate that mechanical compression of bronchial epithelial cells contributes to proliferation and basal contraction of airway smooth muscle cells and that augmented contraction depends on epithelial cell-derived endothelin-1. By means of both airway smooth muscle remodeling and contractility, our findings suggest a causal role of epithelial compression on asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lan
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts,2Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Mitchel
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J. O’Sullivan
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chan Young Park
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William C. Cole
- 2Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James P. Butler
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts,3Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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49
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Davis MD, Suzaki I, Kawano S, Komiya K, Cai Q, Oh Y, Rubin BK. Tissue Factor Facilitates Wound Healing in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Chest 2018; 155:534-539. [PMID: 30359615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue factor (TF) canonically functions as the initiator of the coagulation cascade. TF levels are increased in inflamed airways and seem to be important for tumor growth and metastasis. We hypothesized that airway epithelia release TF as part of a wound repair program. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to evaluate whether airway epithelia release TF in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli and to investigate roles of TF in cell growth and repair. METHODS Airway epithelial cells were exposed to 10 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide or 1 ng/mL of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). TF and TGF-β messenger RNA and protein were measured in cell lysate and culture media, respectively. Signaling pathways were evaluated by using selective agonists and inhibitors. Airway epithelia were mechanically injured in the presence of TF and tissue factor pathway inhibitor to investigate their roles in wound repair. RESULTS TF protein levels increased in cell media after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (P < .01) but only in growing cells, and this action was blocked when exposed to an extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor or a "small" worm phenotype and mothers against Decapentaplegic inhibitor. TF protein also increased in the presence of TGF-β (P < .05). Exposure to TF pathway inhibitor decreased the rate of cell growth by 60% (P < .05), and exposure to TF increased the rate of airway healing after injury by 19% (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Growing airway epithelia release TF when exposed to lipopolysaccharide or TGF-β. TF reduces wound-healing time in airway epithelia and therefore may be important to airway recovery after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Isao Suzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Shuichi Kawano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Kosaku Komiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Qing Cai
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Youngman Oh
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Bruce K Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
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50
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Shi G, Zhao JW, Sun XX, Ma JF, Wang P, He FC, Ming L. TIPE2 is negatively correlated with tissue factor and thrombospondin-1 expression in patients with bronchial asthma. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3449-3454. [PMID: 29545867 PMCID: PMC5840926 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between inflammatory processes and a hypercoagulant state may aggravate the severity of asthma and stimulate the airway remodeling of asthma. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between the negative inflammatory regulator tumor necrosis factor α induced protein-8 like-2 (TIPE2) and the coagulating substances tissue factor (TF) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in patients with bronchial asthma. Compared with healthy controls, TIPE2 expression was significantly downregulated, whereas TF expression was upregulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with bronchial asthma. In addition, levels of TF and TSP-1 in the sera were up-regulated in patients with asthma compared with healthy controls. TIPE2 expression was negatively correlated with TF in the PBMCs and sera and was negatively correlated with TSP-1 levels in the sera of patients with bronchial asthma. The results of the current study indicated that anti-inflammatory TIPE2 levels are associated with levels of the coagulation substances TF and TSP-1. However, further studies are required to determine whether TIPE2 participates in the pathogenesis of asthma by interacting with the coagulation substances TF and TSP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Wei Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xu Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Fen Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Cheng He
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ming
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Liang Ming, Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1E Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China, E-mail:
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