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Hu Y, Shao X, Xing L, Li X, Nonis GM, Koelwyn GJ, Zhang X, Sin DD. Single-Cell Sequencing of Lung Macrophages and Monocytes Reveals Novel Therapeutic Targets in COPD. Cells 2023; 12:2771. [PMID: 38132091 PMCID: PMC10741950 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages and monocytes orchestrate inflammatory processes in the lungs. However, their role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an inflammatory condition, is not well known. Here, we determined the characteristics of these cells in lungs of COPD patients and identified novel therapeutic targets. METHODS We analyzed the RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of explanted human lung tissue from COPD (n = 18) and control (n = 28) lungs and found 16 transcriptionally distinct groups of macrophages and monocytes. We performed pathway and gene enrichment analyses to determine the characteristics of macrophages and monocytes from COPD (versus control) lungs and to identify the therapeutic targets, which were then validated using data from a randomized controlled trial of COPD patients (DISARM). RESULTS In the alveolar macrophages, 176 genes were differentially expressed (83 up- and 93 downregulated; Padj < 0.05, |log2FC| > 0.5) and were enriched in downstream biological processes predicted to cause poor lipid uptake and impaired cell activation, movement, and angiogenesis in COPD versus control lungs. Classical monocytes from COPD lungs harbored a differential gene set predicted to cause the activation, mobilization, and recruitment of cells and a hyperinflammatory response to influenza. In silico, the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate was one of the top compounds predicted to modulate the abnormal transcriptional profiles of these cells. In vivo, a fluticasone-salmeterol combination significantly modulated the gene expression profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage cells of COPD patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS COPD lungs harbor transcriptionally distinct lung macrophages and monocytes, reflective of a dysfunctional and hyperinflammatory state. Inhaled corticosteroids and other compounds can modulate the transcriptomic profile of these cells in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Hu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Xiaojian Shao
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada;
| | - Li Xing
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada;
| | - Xuan Li
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (X.L.); (G.M.N.); (G.J.K.); (D.D.S.)
| | - Geoffrey M. Nonis
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (X.L.); (G.M.N.); (G.J.K.); (D.D.S.)
| | - Graeme J. Koelwyn
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (X.L.); (G.M.N.); (G.J.K.); (D.D.S.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xuekui Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (X.L.); (G.M.N.); (G.J.K.); (D.D.S.)
| | - Don D. Sin
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (X.L.); (G.M.N.); (G.J.K.); (D.D.S.)
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Li Y, Yang Y, Guo T, Weng C, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhang L, Li W. Heme oxygenase-1 determines the cell fate of ferroptotic death of alveolar macrophages in COPD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162087. [PMID: 37215140 PMCID: PMC10196003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite an increasing understanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis, the mechanisms of diverse cell populations in the human lung remain unknown. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq), we can reveal changes within individual cell populations in COPD that are important for disease pathogenesis and characteristics. Methods We performed scRNA-Seq on lung tissue obtained from donors with non-COPD and mild-to-moderate COPD to identify disease-related genes within different cell types. We testified the findings using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting from 25 additional subjects and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Targeting ferroptosis with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1, iron chelator deferoxamine or HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin was administered in the experimental cigarette smoke COPD mouse model. Results We identified two populations of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the human lung that were dysregulated in COPD patients. We discovered that M2-like AMs modulate susceptibility to ferroptosis by disrupting lipid and iron homeostasis both in vivo and in vitro. The discrepancy in sensitivity to ferroptosis can be determined and regulated by HO-1. In contrast, M1-like AMs showed the ability to attenuate oxidative stress and exert resistance to ferroptosis. In addition, the expression of genes within M2-like AMs is also involved in defects in phagocytosis and lysosome distortion. This ferroptotic phenotype was ameliorated by antiferroptotic compounds, iron chelators and HO-1 inhibitors. During COPD, the accumulation of lipid peroxidation drives ferroptosis-sensitive M2-like AMs, while M1-like AMs show characteristics of ferroptosis resistance. Ferroptotic M2 AMs lose their anti-inflammatory and repair functions but provoke inflammatory responses, resulting in consistent inflammation and tissue damage in the presence of M1 AMs in COPD. Conclusion Appropriate interventions in ferroptosis can reduce the occurrence of infections and acute onset, and delay the COPD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengxin Weng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shutong L, Yu J, Jia W, Huafei D, Shifan Y, Huili W, Lianhong Z, Xiehong L, Yanjuan L, Fang C. HO-1/autophagic flux axis alleviated sepsis-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110473. [PMID: 36150419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the multiple organ injuries induced by sepsis, acute lung injury (ALI) triggered by an excessive inflammatory response is one of the main causes contributing to patient death, and inhibition of the inflammation cascade is the key therapeutic strategy to improve prognosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome complex is considered an intracellular signaling molecule closely associated with the uncontrolled inflammatory response in sepsis-induced ALI. Therefore, exploring new targets to repress its activation is regarded as a potential therapeutic strategy. Growing evidence demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) contributed to general anti-inflammation and exerted a protective role in ALI, but its underlying mechanisms have not been clarified completely. Herein, we investigated HO-1 was elevated in alveolar macrophages isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of sepsis mice. HO-1 abundance suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation and attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokines release, thereby alleviating sepsis-induced ALI. Whereas inhibition of HO-1 reached the opposite effect. Meanwhile, HO-1 is an effective and functionally relevant regulator of autophagic flux. HO-1 activator decreased the expression of P62 and enhanced the LC3 II/LC3 I ratio, resulting in autophagic flux activation. In addition, the protective effects HO-1 exerted in sepsis-induced ALI could be abolished by autophagic flux inhibitor. Autophagic flux activator could suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuate ALI, while autophagic flux inhibitor had the opposite effect. In conclusion, our study revealed increased HO-1 expression inhibited the level of NLRP3 inflammasome via regulating the activation of autophagic flux, thus attenuating inflammatory response and alleviating sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shutong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410015, China
| | - Wang Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Deng Huafei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Yan Shifan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Wen Huili
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Zou Lianhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410015, China
| | - Liu Xiehong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410015, China
| | - Liu Yanjuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410015, China.
| | - Chen Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410015, China.
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Pathophysiology of Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2022; 42:521-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, and Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Few Certainties and Many Outstanding Questions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101720. [PMID: 35626756 PMCID: PMC9139415 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation, predominantly affecting the lung parenchyma and peripheral airways, that results in progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction. COPD development is promoted by persistent pulmonary inflammation in response to several stimuli (e.g., cigarette smoke, bacterial and viral infections, air pollution, etc.). Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, and lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels, are features of airway inflammation in COPD. There is compelling evidence that effector cells of inflammation (lung-resident macrophages and mast cells and infiltrating neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, etc.) are major sources of a vast array of angiogenic (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), angiopoietins) and/or lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C, -D). Further, structural cells, including bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, and airway smooth muscle cells, can contribute to inflammation and angiogenesis in COPD. Although there is evidence that alterations of angiogenesis and, to a lesser extent, lymphangiogenesis, are associated with COPD, there are still many unanswered questions.
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Yuan J, Li X, Fang N, Li P, Zhang Z, Lin M, Hou Q. Perilla Leaf Extract (PLE) Attenuates COPD Airway Inflammation via the TLR4/Syk/PKC/NF-κB Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:763624. [PMID: 35058774 PMCID: PMC8764369 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation but still lacking effective treatments. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., an important traditional medicinal plant with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is widely used for the treatment of respiratory disease in China. However, its protective activity and mechanism against COPD airway inflammation have not been fully studied. Here, the anti-inflammatory effects of the PLE were investigated, and its underlying mechanisms were then elucidated. The presented results suggested a notable effect of the PLE on airway inflammation of COPD, by significantly ameliorating inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, lessening leukocytes (lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages) and inflammatory mediators (interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-17A, interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of cigarette smoke (CS)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COPD mice in vivo and inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors (nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, and TNF-α) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in vitro. For further extent, PLE treatment significantly suppressed the expression and phosphorylation of TLR4, Syk, PKC, and NF-κB p65 in vivo and their mRNA in vitro. Subsequently, by co-treating with their inhibitors in vitro, its potential mechanism via TLR4/Syk/PKC/NF-κB p65 signals was disclosed. In summary, the obtained results indicated a noteworthy effective activity of the PLE on COPD inflammation, and partly, the TLR4/Syk/PKC/NF-κB p65 axis might be the potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyu Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingbao Lin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Hou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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7
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Baker JM, Hammond M, Dungwa J, Shah R, Montero-Fernandez A, Higham A, Lea S, Singh D. Red Blood Cell-Derived Iron Alters Macrophage Function in COPD. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121939. [PMID: 34944755 PMCID: PMC8698324 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung macrophage iron levels are increased in COPD patients. Lung macrophage iron levels are thought to be increased by cigarette smoke, but the role of red blood cells (RBCs) as a source of iron has not been investigated. We investigate RBCs as a potential source of alveolar iron in COPD, and determine the effect of RBC-derived iron on macrophage function. We used lung tissue sections to assess RBC coverage of the alveolar space, iron and ferritin levels in 11 non-smokers (NS), 15 smokers (S) and 32 COPD patients. Lung macrophages were isolated from lung resections (n = 68) and treated with hemin or ferric ammonium citrate (50, 100 or 200 μM). Lung macrophage phenotype marker gene expression was measured by qPCR. The phagocytosis of Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) was measured by flow cytometry. Cytokine production in response to NTHi in iron-treated macrophages was measured by ELISA. Lung macrophage iron levels were significantly correlated with RBC coverage of the alveolar space (r = 0.31, p = 0.02). Furthermore, RBC coverage and lung macrophage iron were significantly increased in COPD patients and correlated with airflow obstruction. Hemin treatment downregulated CD36, CD163, HLA-DR, CD38, TLR4, CD14 and MARCO gene expression. Hemin-treated macrophages also impaired production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to NTHi exposure, and decreased phagocytosis of NTHi (200 μM: 35% decrease; p = 0.03). RBCs are a plausible source of pulmonary iron overload in COPD. RBC-derived iron dysregulates macrophage phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Baker
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.H.); (S.L.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-16-1219-5920
| | - Molly Hammond
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9QZ, UK; (M.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Josiah Dungwa
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9QZ, UK; (M.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Rajesh Shah
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
| | - Angeles Montero-Fernandez
- Department of Histopathology, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
| | - Andrew Higham
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.H.); (S.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Simon Lea
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.H.); (S.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Dave Singh
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.H.); (S.L.); (D.S.)
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9QZ, UK; (M.H.); (J.D.)
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8
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Lea S, Gaskell R, Hall S, Maschera B, Hessel E, Singh D. Assessment of bacterial exposure on phagocytic capability and surface marker expression of sputum macrophages and neutrophils in COPD patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:99-109. [PMID: 34143447 PMCID: PMC8446400 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective phagocytosis has been shown in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) bronchoalveolar lavage and blood monocyte-derived macrophages. Phagocytic capabilities of sputum macrophages and neutrophils in COPD are unknown. We investigated phagocytosis in these cells from COPD patients and controls. Phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae or fluorescently labelled non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) by sputum macrophages and neutrophils was determined by gentamycin protection assay (COPD; n = 5) or flow cytometry in 14 COPD patients, 8 healthy smokers (HS) and 9 healthy never-smokers (HNS). Sputum macrophages and neutrophils were differentiated by adherence for the gentamycin protection assay or receptor expression (CD206 and CD66b, respectively), by flow cytometry. The effects of NTHi on macrophage expression of CD206 and CD14 and neutrophil expression of CD16 were determined by flow cytometry. There was greater uptake of S. pneumoniae [~10-fold more colony-forming units (CFU)/ml] by sputum neutrophils compared to macrophages in COPD patients. Flow cytometry showed greater NTHi uptake by neutrophils compared to macrophages in COPD (67 versus 38%, respectively) and HS (61 versus 31%, respectively). NTHi uptake by macrophages was lower in HS (31%, p = 0.019) and COPD patients (38%, p = 0.069) compared to HNS (57%). NTHi uptake by neutrophils was similar between groups. NTHi exposure reduced CD206 and CD14 expression on macrophages and CD16 expression on neutrophils. Sputum neutrophils showed more phagocytic activity than macrophages. There was some evidence that bacterial phagocytosis was impaired in HS sputum macrophages, but no impairment of neutrophils was observed in HS or COPD patients. These results highlight the relative contributions of neutrophils and macrophages to bacterial clearance in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lea
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Rosemary Gaskell
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Simon Hall
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit (AI RU)GlaxoSmithKlineStevenageUK
| | - Barbara Maschera
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit (AI RU)GlaxoSmithKlineStevenageUK
| | - Edith Hessel
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation‐DPU (RRI DPU)GlaxoSmithKlineStevenageUK
| | - Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Medicines Evaluation UnitManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
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Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Currently Proposed Treatments of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100979. [PMID: 34681202 PMCID: PMC8539950 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality. A hallmark of COPD is progressive airflow obstruction primarily caused by cigarette smoke (CS). CS exposure causes an imbalance favoring pro- over antioxidants (oxidative stress), leading to transcription factor activation and increased expression of inflammatory mediators and proteases. Different cell types, including macrophages, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes, contribute to COPD pathophysiology. Alteration in cell functions results in the generation of an oxidative and inflammatory microenvironment, which contributes to disease progression. Current treatments include inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilator therapy. However, these therapies do not effectively halt disease progression. Due to the complexity of its pathophysiology, and the risk of exacerbating symptoms with existing therapies, other specific and effective treatment options are required. Therapies directly or indirectly targeting the oxidative imbalance may be promising alternatives. This review briefly discusses COPD pathophysiology, and provides an update on the development and clinical testing of novel COPD treatments.
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Baker JR, Donnelly LE. Leukocyte Function in COPD: Clinical Relevance and Potential for Drug Therapy. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:2227-2242. [PMID: 34354348 PMCID: PMC8331105 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s266394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition affecting 10% of the global population over 45 years. Currently, there are no disease-modifying treatments, with current therapies treating only the symptoms of the disease. COPD is an inflammatory disease, with a high infiltration of leukocytes being found within the lung of COPD patients. These leukocytes, if not kept in check, damage the lung, leading to the pathophysiology associated with the disease. In this review, we focus on the main leukocytes found within the COPD lung, describing how the release of chemokines from the damaged epithelial lining recruits these cells into the lung. Once present, these cells become active and may be driven towards a more pro-inflammatory phenotype. These cells release their own subtypes of inflammatory mediators, growth factors and proteases which can all lead to airway remodeling, mucus hypersecretion and emphysema. Finally, we describe some of the current therapies and potential new targets that could be utilized to target aberrant leukocyte function in the COPD lung. Here, we focus on old therapies such as statins and corticosteroids, but also look at the emerging field of biologics describing those which have been tested in COPD already and potential new monoclonal antibodies which are under review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Baker
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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Takiguchi H, Yang CX, Yang CWT, Sahin B, Whalen BA, Milne S, Akata K, Yamasaki K, Yang JSW, Cheung CY, Vander Werff R, McNagny KM, Leitao Filho FS, Shaipanich T, van Eeden SF, Obeidat M, Leung JM, Sin DD. Macrophages with reduced expressions of classical M1 and M2 surface markers in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exhibit pro-inflammatory gene signatures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8282. [PMID: 33859282 PMCID: PMC8050093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical M1/M2 polarity of macrophages may not be applicable to inflammatory lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to the complex microenvironment in lungs and the plasticity of macrophages. We examined macrophage sub-phenotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in 25 participants with CD40 (a M1 marker) and CD163 (a M2 marker). Of these, we performed RNA-sequencing on each subtype in 10 patients using the Illumina NextSeq 500. Approximately 25% of the macrophages did not harbor classical M1 or M2 surface markers (double negative, DN), and these cells were significantly enriched in COPD patients compared with non-COPD patients (46.7% vs. 14.5%, p < 0.001). 1886 genes were differentially expressed in the DN subtype compared with all other subtypes at a 10% false discovery rate. The 602 up-regulated genes included 15 mitochondrial genes and were enriched in 86 gene ontology (GO) biological processes including inflammatory responses. Modules associated with cellular functions including oxidative phosphorylation were significantly down-regulated in the DN subtype. Macrophages in the human BAL fluid, which were negative for both M1/M2 surface markers, harbored a gene signature that was pro-inflammatory and suggested dysfunction in cellular homeostasis. These macrophages may contribute to the pathogenesis and manifestations of inflammatory lung diseases such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Takiguchi
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chen X Yang
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheng Wei Tony Yang
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Basak Sahin
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beth A Whalen
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Milne
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kentaro Akata
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kei Yamasaki
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julia Shun Wei Yang
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chung Yan Cheung
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan Vander Werff
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fernando Sergio Leitao Filho
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tawimas Shaipanich
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephan F van Eeden
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janice M Leung
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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12
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Sokar SS, Afify EH, Osman EY. Dexamethasone and losartan combination treatment protected cigarette smoke-induced COPD in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:284-296. [PMID: 32812458 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120950012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a dangerous prevalent smoking-related disease characterized by abnormal inflammation and oxidative stress and expected to be the third cause of death in the world next decade. Corticosteroids have low effects in decreasing numbers of inflammatory mediators specifically in long-term use. Our study designed to investigate the possible protective effects of combined dexamethasone (Dex) (2mg/kg) and losartan (Los) (30mg/kg angiotensin receptor blocker, it possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in lung injury in mice) against cigarette -smoke (CS) induced COPD in rats compared with dexamethasone and losartan. Male Sprague Dawley rats (N = 40) divided into five groups (n = 8): control group, CS group, Dex group, Los group, and Dex +Los group. COPD induced in rats by CS exposure twice daily for 10 weeks. After the specified treatment period, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected for measurement of SOD, NO, MDA, ICAM-, MMP-9, CRP, NF-κB and histopathology scoring. Our results indicated that Los+Dex significantly prevent CS-induced COPD emphysema, congested alveoli, and elevation of lung injury parameters in BALF. They also showed a significant decrease in MDA, ICAM-1, MMP-9, CRP, and NF-κB and a significant increase in SOD and NO. In conclusion, adding Los to Dex potentiating their activity in inhibition the progression of COPD based on its activity on oxidative stress, inflammation, and NF-κB protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia S Sokar
- Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 68904Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | - Enass Y Osman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 68904Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
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13
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Perez E, Baker JR, Di Giandomenico S, Kermani P, Parker J, Kim K, Yang J, Barnes PJ, Vaulont S, Scandura JM, Donnelly LE, Stout-Delgado H, Cloonan SM. Hepcidin Is Essential for Alveolar Macrophage Function and Is Disrupted by Smoke in a Murine Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2489-2498. [PMID: 32958690 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung disease associated with cigarette smoking. Alterations in local lung and systemic iron regulation are associated with disease progression and pathogenesis. Hepcidin, an iron regulatory peptide hormone, is altered in subjects with COPD; however, the molecular role of hepcidin in COPD pathogenesis remains to be determined. In this study, using a murine model of smoke-induced COPD, we demonstrate that lung and circulating hepcidin levels are inhibited by cigarette smoke. We show that cigarette smoke exposure increases erythropoietin and bone marrow-derived erythroferrone and leads to expanded but inefficient erythropoiesis in murine bone marrow and an increase in ferroportin on alveolar macrophages (AMs). AMs from smokers and subjects with COPD display increased expression of ferroportin as well as hepcidin. Notably, murine AMs exposed to smoke fail to increase hepcidin in response to Gram-negative or Gram-positive infection. Loss of hepcidin in vivo results in blunted functional responses of AMs and exaggerated responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jonathan R Baker
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Di Giandomenico
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Pouneh Kermani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jacqueline Parker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Kihwan Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Vaulont
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Joseph M Scandura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Stout-Delgado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Suzanne M Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065; .,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR04, Ireland
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14
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Drasler B, Karakocak BB, Tankus EB, Barosova H, Abe J, Sousa de Almeida M, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. An Inflamed Human Alveolar Model for Testing the Efficiency of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:987. [PMID: 32974315 PMCID: PMC7471931 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of prevalent lung diseases is associated with tissue inflammation. Clinically, corticosteroid therapies are applied systemically or via inhalation for the treatment of lung inflammation, and a number of novel therapies are being developed that require preclinical testing. In alveoli, macrophages and dendritic cells play a key role in initiating and diminishing pro-inflammatory reactions and, in particular, macrophage plasticity (M1 and M2 phenotypes shifts) has been reported to play a significant role in these reactions. Thus far, no studies with in vitro lung epithelial models have tested the comparison between systemic and direct pulmonary drug delivery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an inflamed human alveolar epithelium model and to test the resolution of LPS-induced inflammation in vitro with a corticosteroid, methylprednisolone (MP). A specific focus of the study was the macrophage phenotype shifts in response to these stimuli. First, human monocyte-derived macrophages were examined for phenotype shifts upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by treatment with MP. A multicellular human alveolar model, composed of macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells, was then employed for the development of inflamed models. The models were used to test the anti-inflammatory potency of MP by monitoring the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin [IL]-8, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and IL-1β) through four different approaches, mimicking clinical scenarios of inflammation and treatment. In macrophage monocultures, LPS stimulation shifted the phenotype towards M1, as demonstrated by increased release of IL-8 and TNF-α and altered expression of phenotype-associated surface markers (CD86, CD206). MP treatment of inflamed macrophages reversed the phenotype towards M2. In multicellular models, increased pro-inflammatory reactions after LPS exposure were observed, as demonstrated by protein secretion and gene expression measurements. In all scenarios, among the tested mediators the most pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of MP was observed for IL-8. Our findings demonstrate that our inflamed multicellular human lung model is a promising tool for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory potency of drug candidates in vitro. With the presented setup, our model allows a meaningful comparison of the systemic vs. inhalation administration routes for the evaluation of the efficacy of a drug in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drasler
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bedia Begum Karakocak
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Esma Bahar Tankus
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hana Barosova
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Sousa de Almeida
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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15
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Becerra-Diaz M, Song M, Heller N. Androgen and Androgen Receptors as Regulators of Monocyte and Macrophage Biology in the Healthy and Diseased Lung. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1698. [PMID: 32849595 PMCID: PMC7426504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens, the predominant male sex hormones, drive the development and maintenance of male characteristics by binding to androgen receptor (AR). As androgens are systemically distributed throughout the whole organism, they affect many tissues and cell types in addition to those in male sexual organs. It is now clear that the immune system is a target of androgen action. In the lungs, many immune cells express ARs and are responsive to androgens. In this review, we describe the effects of androgens and ARs on lung myeloid immune cells-monocytes and macrophages-as they relate to health and disease. In particular, we highlight the effect of androgens on lung diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung fibrosis. We also discuss the therapeutic use of androgens and how circulating androgens correlate with lung disease. In addition to human studies, we also discuss how mouse models have helped to uncover the effect of androgens on monocytes and macrophages in lung disease. Although the role of estrogen and other female hormones has been broadly analyzed in the literature, we focus on the new perspectives of androgens as modulators of the immune system that target myeloid cells during lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicola Heller
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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16
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Effects of corticosteroids on COPD lung macrophage phenotype and function. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:751-763. [PMID: 32227160 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The numbers of macrophages are increased in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. COPD lung macrophages have reduced ability to phagocytose microbes and efferocytose apoptotic cells. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are widely used anti-inflammatory drugs in COPD; however, their role beyond suppression of cytokine release has not been explored in COPD macrophages. We have examined the effects of corticosteroids on COPD lung macrophage phenotype and function. Lung macrophages from controls and COPD patients were treated with corticosteroids; effects on gene and protein expression of CD163, CD164, CD206, MERTK, CD64, CD80 and CD86 were studied. We also examined the effect of corticosteroids on the function of CD163, MERTK and cluster of differentiation 64 (CD64). Corticosteroid increased CD163, CD164, CD206 and MERTK expression and reduced CD64, CD80 and CD86 expression. We also observed an increase in the uptake of the haemoglobin-haptoglobin complex (CD163) from 59 up to 81% and an increase in efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils (MERTK) from 15 up to 28% following corticosteroid treatment. We observed no effect on bacterial phagocytosis. Corticosteroids alter the phenotype and function of COPD lung macrophages. Our findings suggest mechanisms by which corticosteroids exert therapeutic benefit in COPD, reducing iron available for bacterial growth and enhancing efferocytosis.
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17
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Naka M, Shuto S, Konishi C, Maekawa K. High prevalence of airway obstruction and pulmonary emphysema in urothelial (renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder) cancer patients. Respir Investig 2020; 58:239-245. [PMID: 32088144 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a major cause of COPD, with patients also presenting complications that stem from other smoking-related diseases, including urothelial cancer. However, the prevalence of COPD or airflow obstruction in urothelial cancer patients has not been well studied. METHODS We investigated the prevalence of airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC < 70%) in newly diagnosed urothelial cancer patients and identified the risk factors for airflow obstruction in existing urothelial cancer patients. Additionally, we compared the characteristics of subjects who had been diagnosed with both airflow obstruction and urothelial cancer, and subjects whose airflow obstruction was discovered during health screenings. RESULTS A total of 217 patients were newly diagnosed with urothelial cancer during the study period at our institution. Among all patients, 210 (96.8%) underwent an evaluable lung function test, in which 38.6% (81 patients) displayed airflow obstruction defined as FEV1/FVC < 70%. In urothelial cancer patients, age, smoking index (pack-years), and BMI proved to be significant risk factors for airflow obstruction in multivariate logistic regression (p = 0.007, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.035, respectively). Gender, cancer stage, and cancer location were not significant risk factors. Patients with both airflow obstruction and urothelial cancer showed a more advanced emphysematous change than subjects presenting with airflow obstruction alone (unpaired t-test, p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS Airflow obstruction was identified in 38.6% of urothelial cancer patients. Age, smoking index (pack-years), and BMI were significant risk factors. A significantly higher emphysematous score was observed in subjects with urothelial cancer than in subjects with airway obstruction alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Naka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, 28-1, Ishida Moriminami-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Saki Shuto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, 28-1, Ishida Moriminami-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Chisato Konishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, 28-1, Ishida Moriminami-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Koichi Maekawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, 28-1, Ishida Moriminami-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan.
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18
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The modulatory effects of the PDE4 inhibitors CHF6001 and roflumilast in alveolar macrophages and lung tissue from COPD patients. Cytokine 2019; 123:154739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Belchamber KBR, Singh R, Batista CM, Whyte MK, Dockrell DH, Kilty I, Robinson MJ, Wedzicha JA, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE. Defective bacterial phagocytosis is associated with dysfunctional mitochondria in COPD macrophages. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.02244-2018. [PMID: 31320451 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02244-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study examined the effect of exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress on macrophage phagocytosis in patients with COPD.Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were generated from non-smoker, smoker and COPD subjects, differentiated in either granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (G-Mφ) or macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-Mφ). Alveolar macrophages were isolated from lung tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Macrophages were incubated in ±200 µM H2O2 for 24 h, then exposed to fluorescently labelled Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae for 4 h, after which phagocytosis, mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured.Phagocytosis of bacteria was significantly decreased in both G-Mφ and M-Mφ from COPD patients compared with from non-smoker controls. In non-smokers and smokers, bacterial phagocytosis did not alter mROS or ΔΨm; however, in COPD, phagocytosis increased early mROS and decreased ΔΨm in both G-Mφ and M-Mφ. Exogenous oxidative stress reduced phagocytosis in non-smoker and COPD alveolar macrophages and non-smoker MDMs, associated with reduced mROS production.COPD macrophages show defective phagocytosis, which is associated with altered mitochondrial function and an inability to regulate mROS production. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction may restore the phagocytic defect in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B R Belchamber
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richa Singh
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Craig M Batista
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Moira K Whyte
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David H Dockrell
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Iain Kilty
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jadwiga A Wedzicha
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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20
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Langer AL, Leader A, Kim-Schulze S, Ginzburg Y, Merad M, Glassberg J. Inhaled steroids associated with decreased macrophage markers in nonasthmatic individuals with sickle cell disease in a randomized trial. Ann Hematol 2019; 98:841-849. [PMID: 30783732 PMCID: PMC7522666 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled mometasone was shown to improve pain scores and decrease soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) concentration in a randomized controlled trial of nonasthmatic patients with sickle cell disease. We sought to explore potential changes in systemic inflammation as a mechanism underlying this effect. Serum samples from 41 trial participants (15 placebo- and 26 mometasone-treated) were analyzed using a 92 inflammatory marker panel at baseline and after 8 weeks of mometasone therapy. Individual marker analysis and correlation analysis were conducted. Adjusted for age, the mometasone-treated group decreased the concentration of CXCL9, CXCL11, CD40, IL-10, and IL-18 relative to placebo-treated participants. Hierarchical clustering and correlation analysis identified additional evidence for a decrease in cytokines linking to macrophage signaling and migration. There was no statistically significant change in markers of asthma and allergy, indicating that the improvement was unlikely mediated by modulation of occult reactive airway disease. This analysis of inflammatory markers suggests that decrease in macrophage activity may be involved in the mediation of the clinical benefit seen with use of inhaled mometasone in nonasthmatic patients with sickle cell disease.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02061202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle L Langer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andrew Leader
- Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yelena Ginzburg
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jeffrey Glassberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1620, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA.
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21
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WITHDRAWN: The modulatory effects of the PDE4 inhibitors CHF6001 and roflumilast in alveolar macrophages and lung tissue from COPD patients. Cytokine X 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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22
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Mika M, Nita I, Morf L, Qi W, Beyeler S, Bernasconi E, Marsland BJ, Ott SR, von Garnier C, Hilty M. Microbial and host immune factors as drivers of COPD. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00015-2018. [PMID: 29992131 PMCID: PMC6028745 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00015-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalisation of the respiratory tract microbiota in patients with different chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity degrees needs to be systematically investigated. In addition, it is unknown if the inflammatory and emphysematous milieux in patients with COPD are associated with changes in the respiratory tract microbiota and host macrophage gene expression. We performed a cross-sectional study to compare non-COPD controls (n=10) to COPD patients (n=32) with different disease severity degrees. Samples (n=187) were obtained from different sites of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Microbiota analyses were performed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and host gene expression analyses by quantitative real-time PCR of distinct markers of bronchoalveolar lavage cells. Overall, the microbial communities of severe COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade 3/4) patients clustered significantly differently to controls and less severe COPD (GOLD 1/2) patients (permutational multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA), p=0.001). However, we could not detect significant associations between the different sampling sites in the lower airways. In addition, the chosen set of host gene expression markers significantly separated COPD GOLD 3/4 patients, and we found correlations between the composition of the microbiota and the host data. In conclusion, this study demonstrates associations between host gene expression and microbiota profiles that may influence the course of COPD. Associations of the host immune response and a disordered microbiota in patients with different COPD severity degreeshttp://ow.ly/h2mW30k9Nua
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Affiliation(s)
- Moana Mika
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
| | - Izabela Nita
- Pulmonary Medicine Laboratory, Dept of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Morf
- Pulmonary Medicine Laboratory, Dept of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Weihong Qi
- Functional Genomics Center, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seraina Beyeler
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland.,Pulmonary Medicine Laboratory, Dept of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bernasconi
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian R Ott
- Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christophe von Garnier
- Pulmonary Medicine Laboratory, Dept of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Markus Hilty
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,These authors contributed equally
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Taylor RJ, Schlosser RJ, Soler ZM, Mattos JL, Mulligan JK. Glucocorticoid receptor isoform expression in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:10.1002/alr.22120. [PMID: 29719127 PMCID: PMC6214788 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In several inflammatory disorders, altered peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte (PBML) glucocorticoid (GC) receptor isoform expression has been associated with GC resistance and disease severity. However, it is unclear if PBML GC receptor isoforms are expressed differentially and are associated with worsened disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS PBMLs were isolated from control (n = 8), CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) (n = 8), atopic CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) (n = 8), non-atopic CRSwNP (n = 8), and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) (n = 8) patients. Demographics, atopic status, asthmatic status, 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores, Lund-Kennedy nasal endoscopy scores, Lund-Mackay sinus computed tomography (CT) scores, Kennedy Osteitis scores, and GC utilization 6 months postoperatively were collected. Intracellular immunostaining was then performed for functional GC receptor α (GCRα) and nonfunctional GC receptor β (GCRβ), followed by flow cytometry analysis of geometric mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) and the percentage of cells expressing each GC receptor isoform. RESULTS Compared to controls, each CRS subtype had decreased PBML GCRα and GCRα:GCRβ MFI expression, but no difference in GCRβ expression. Decreasing PBML GCRα in AFRS was associated with increasing Lund-Mackay sinus CT scores (r = -0.880, p =0.004). No significant associations were found between GC receptor isoform expression and other clinical measures. CONCLUSION CRS patients have reduced functional PBML GCRα expression and decreased GCRα:GCRβ compared to controls. Reductions in GCRα in AFRS are associated with worsening Lund-Mackay sinus CT scores. The clinical implications of decreased functional GC receptor expression merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Taylor
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rodney J. Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Zachary M. Soler
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jose L. Mattos
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jennifer K. Mulligan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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24
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Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: Personalising the therapeutic choice. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2018; 24:10.7196/AJTCCM.2018.v24i1.184. [PMID: 34541493 PMCID: PMC8432921 DOI: 10.7196/ajtccm.2018.v24i1.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a recent surge in interest in the role of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the treatment of COPD, especially regarding patients with high eosinophil counts. Evidence has shown that despite the increase in localised adverse effects and a small increase in non-fatal pneumonia events with ICS use, ICS still have an important role to play in reducing exacerbation rates and addressing the inflammation that is at the heart of the pathogenesis of COPD. Current international guidelines recommend the use of ICS only in patients with severe disease. This review examines the potential role of ICS in all COPD patients.
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25
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Charron CE, Russell P, Ito K, Lea S, Kizawa Y, Brindley C, Singh D. RV568, a narrow-spectrum kinase inhibitor with p38 MAPK-α and -γ selectivity, suppresses COPD inflammation. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/4/1700188. [PMID: 29074542 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00188-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel anti-inflammatory approaches targeting chronically activated kinase pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are needed. We evaluated RV568, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-α and -γ and SRC family kinase inhibitor, in cellular and in vivo models relevant to COPD and examined its safety and efficacy in COPD patients.The anti-inflammatory activities of RV568 were tested in primary cultured monocytes, macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells and in vivo in lipopolysaccharide and cigarette smoke-exposed murine models. RV568 was evaluated in a 14-day trial in COPD patients.RV568 showed potent anti-inflammatory effects in monocytes and macrophages, which were often greater than those of corticosteroids or the p38 inhibitor Birb796. RV568 combined with corticosteroid had anti-inflammatory effects suggestive of a synergistic interaction in poly I:C-stimulated BEAS-2B cells and in the cigarette smoke model. In COPD patients, inhaled RV568 (50 µg and 100 µg) improved pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (69 mL and 48 mL respectively) and significantly reduced sputum malondialdehyde (p<0.05) compared to placebo, although there were no changes in sputum cell counts. Adverse events during RV568 and placebo treatment were similar.RV568 shows potent anti-inflammatory effects on cell and animal models relevant to COPD. RV568 was well-tolerated and demonstrated a modest clinical benefit in a 14-day COPD clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Russell
- RespiVert Ltd, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- RespiVert Ltd, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Simon Lea
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yasuo Kizawa
- Dept of Physiology and Anatomy, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Funabashi, Japan
| | | | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
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26
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Uberti F, Morsanuto V, Ghirlanda S, Molinari C. Iron Absorption from Three Commercially Available Supplements in Gastrointestinal Cell Lines. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9091008. [PMID: 28902140 PMCID: PMC5622768 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares the absorption characteristics of two iron-based dietary supplements and their biocompatibility to bisglycinate iron, a common chelated iron form. The Caco-2 cell line—a model of human intestinal absorption—and GTL-16 cell line—a model of gastric epithelial cells—were used to perform the experiments; in the first experiments, the kinetics of absorption have been evaluated analyzing the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) expression. Three different iron combinations containing 50 µM iron (named Fisioeme®, Sideral® and bisglycinate) were used for different stimulation times (1–24 h). After this, the effects of the three iron formulations were assessed in both a short and a long time, in order to understand the extrusion mechanisms. The effects of the three different formulations were also analyzed at the end of stimulation period immediately after iron removal, and after some time in order to clarify whether the mechanisms were irreversibly activated. Findings obtained in this study demonstrate that Fisioeme® was able to maintain a significant beneficial effect on cell viability compared to control, to Sideral®, and to iron bisglycinate. This observation indicates that Fisioeme® formulation is the most suitable for gastric and intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Uberti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Vera Morsanuto
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Ghirlanda
- noiVita s.r.l.s. Spin-Off of University of Eastern Piedmont, via A. Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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27
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma and COPD. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1541-1558. [PMID: 28659395 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) both cause airway obstruction and are associated with chronic inflammation of the airways. However, the nature and sites of the inflammation differ between these diseases, resulting in different pathology, clinical manifestations and response to therapy. In this review, the inflammatory and cellular mechanisms of asthma and COPD are compared and the differences in inflammatory cells and profile of inflammatory mediators are highlighted. These differences account for the differences in clinical manifestations of asthma and COPD and their response to therapy. Although asthma and COPD are usually distinct, there are some patients who show an overlap of features, which may be explained by the coincidence of two common diseases or distinct phenotypes of each disease. It is important to better understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma and COPD in order to develop new treatments in areas of unmet need, such as severe asthma, curative therapy for asthma and effective anti-inflammatory treatments for COPD.
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28
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Characterisation of lung macrophage subpopulations in COPD patients and controls. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7143. [PMID: 28769058 PMCID: PMC5540919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung macrophage subpopulations have been identified based on size. We investigated characteristics of small and large macrophages in the alveolar spaces and lung interstitium of COPD patients and controls. Alveolar and interstitial cells were isolated from lung resection tissue from 88 patients. Macrophage subpopulation cell-surface expression of immunological markers and phagocytic ability were assessed by flow cytometry. Inflammatory related gene expression was measured. Alveolar and interstitial macrophages had subpopulations of small and large macrophages based on size and granularity. Alveolar macrophages had similar numbers of small and large cells; interstitial macrophages were mainly small. Small macrophages expressed significantly higher cell surface HLA-DR, CD14, CD38 and CD36 and lower CD206 compared to large macrophages. Large alveolar macrophages showed lower marker expression in COPD current compared to ex-smokers. Small interstitial macrophages had the highest pro-inflammatory gene expression levels, while large alveolar macrophages had the lowest. Small alveolar macrophages had the highest phagocytic ability. Small alveolar macrophage CD206 expression was lower in COPD patients compared to smokers. COPD lung macrophages include distinct subpopulations; Small interstitial and small alveolar macrophages with more pro-inflammatory and phagocytic function respectively, and large alveolar macrophages with low pro-inflammatory and phagocytic ability.
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29
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Bazzan E, Turato G, Tinè M, Radu CM, Balestro E, Rigobello C, Biondini D, Schiavon M, Lunardi F, Baraldo S, Rea F, Simioni P, Calabrese F, Saetta M, Cosio MG. Dual polarization of human alveolar macrophages progressively increases with smoking and COPD severity. Respir Res 2017; 18:40. [PMID: 28231829 PMCID: PMC5324331 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that tissue macrophages derive not only from blood monocytes but also from yolk sac or fetal liver, and the tissue of residence guides their function. When isolated, they lose tissue specific signatures, hence studies of human macrophages should be ideally done directly in the tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate directly in human lung tissue the polarization of alveolar macrophage (AM), classic (M1) or alternative (M2), in health and disease, using COPD as a model. Methods Surgical lungs from 53 subjects were studied: 36 smokers whose FEV1 varied from normal to severe COPD, 11 non-smokers and 6 normal donors. iNOS and CD206 immunohistochemistry was used to quantify the percentage of AM polarized as M1 or M2 in lung sections. Results and Discussion The percentage of M1 and M2 increased progressively with smoking and COPD severity, from 26% to 84% for M1 and from 7% to 78% for M2. In donors 74% of AM were negative for M1 and 93% for M2. Confocal microscopy showed co-localization of M1 and M2 in the same AM in severe COPD. Conclusion In normal lungs alveolar macrophages were mostly non-polarized. With smoking and COPD severity, M1 and M2 polarization increased significantly and so did the co-expression of M1 and M2 in the same alveolar macrophage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0522-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Bazzan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Graziella Turato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariaenrica Tinè
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia M Radu
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Balestro
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Rigobello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Biondini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavon
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Lunardi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Baraldo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Saetta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Manuel G Cosio
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Respiratory Division, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Abstract
In the healthy lung, macrophages maintain homeostasis by clearing inhaled particles, bacteria, and removing apoptotic cells from the local pulmonary environment. However, in respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and cystic fibrosis, macrophages appear to be dysfunctional and may contribute to disease pathogenesis. In COPD, phagocytosis of bacterial species and apoptotic cells by both alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages is significantly reduced, leading to colonization of the lung with pathogenic bacteria. COPD macrophages also release high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including CXCL8, TGFβ, and CCL2, driving recruitment of other inflammatory cells including neutrophils and monocytes to the lungs and promoting disease progression.In asthma, defective phagocytosis and efferocytosis have also been reported, and macrophages appear to have altered cell surface receptor expression; however, it is as yet unclear how this contributes to disease progression but may be important in driving Th2-mediated inflammation. In cystic fibrosis, macrophages also display defective phagocytosis, and reduced bacterial killing, which may be driven by the pro-inflammatory environment present in the lungs of these patients.The mechanisms behind defective macrophage function in lung diseases are not currently understood, but potential mechanisms include alterations in phagocytic receptor expression levels, oxidative stress, but also the possibility that specific diseases are associated with a specific, altered, macrophage phenotype that displays reduced function. Identification of the mechanisms responsible may present novel therapeutic opportunities for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B R Belchamber
- Department of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Department of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
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31
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Chu X, Liu XJ, Qiu JM, Zeng XL, Bao HR, Shu J. Effects of Astragalus and Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides on alveolar macrophage phagocytosis and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mice exposed to PM2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:76-84. [PMID: 27768989 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus and Codonopsis pilosula are used for their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPP) on alveolar macrophage (AM) phagocytosis and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with exposure to particulate matter with a mean aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5). A mouse model of COPD was established by cigarette smoke exposure. PM2.5 exposure was performed by inhalation of a PM2.5 solution aerosol. APS and CPP were administered intragastrically. COPD showed defective AM phagocytosis and increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. PM2.5 exposure aggravated the damage, and this effect was reversed by APS and CPP gavage. The results indicate that APS and CPP may promote defective AM phagocytosis and ameliorate the inflammatory response in COPD with or without PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ju Liu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jing-Man Qiu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zeng
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hai-Rong Bao
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Juan Shu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Staples KJ. Lung macrophages: old hands required rather than new blood? Thorax 2016; 71:973-974. [PMID: 27531530 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Staples
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Song Y, Yu P, Lu JJ, Lu HZ, Zhu L, Yu ZH, Chen HZ, Cui YY. A mucoactive drug carbocisteine ameliorates steroid resistance in rat COPD model. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 39:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Nicholson GC, Holloway RA, Leaker BR, Kilty I, Salganik M, Tan L, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE. A novel flow cytometric-based method to measure kinase inhibition in sputum from COPD subjects. BMJ Open Respir Res 2016; 3:e000140. [PMID: 27403320 PMCID: PMC4932304 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2016-000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Janus kinases (JAKs) regulate inflammatory gene expression through phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. Expression of STAT proteins is increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and may be involved in driving chronic inflammation. Oral JAK inhibitors are effective as anti-inflammatory therapy but exhibit dose-limiting adverse effects. Development of inhaled compounds would be enhanced by robust biomarkers that directly reflect the anti-inflammatory and pharmacological activity in the lung. Methods A novel flow cytometry assay was developed to measure STAT1 phosphorylation in sputum inflammatory cells. The standard sputum processing method was refined to improve sputum cell viability. The flow cytometric assay was used to assess the reproducibility of the measurement of STAT1 phosphorylation and the in vitro activity of a pan JAK-inhibitor on three separate visits in patients with COPD. Results Upregulation of STAT1 phosphorylation was measured following in vitro IFNγ stimulation of sputum macrophages (stimulated/unstimulated ratio 1.57; p<0.00001). Upregulation was inhibited following in vitro preincubation with a pan JAK-inhibitor (inhibited+stimulated/unstimulated ratio 0.97). STAT1 phosphorylation activity could only be measured in macrophages. Conclusions Sputum from patients with COPD can be used to reproducibly measure phospho-STAT expression in sputum macrophages. The flow cytometry-based method can be used to evaluate kinase inhibitors in vitro and subsequently in ex vivo studies. The assay is particularly useful for the assessment of inhaled compounds where whole blood assays may not be relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R A Holloway
- Airways Disease Section , National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College , London , UK
| | - B R Leaker
- Respiratory Clinical Trials Ltd , London , UK
| | - I Kilty
- Pfizer , Cambridge, Massachusetts , USA
| | | | - L Tan
- Pfizer , Cambridge, Massachusetts , USA
| | - P J Barnes
- Airways Disease Section , National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College , London , UK
| | - L E Donnelly
- Airways Disease Section , National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College , London , UK
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35
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Caramori G, Casolari P, Barczyk A, Durham AL, Di Stefano A, Adcock I. COPD immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:497-515. [PMID: 27178410 PMCID: PMC4897000 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immunopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on the innate and adaptive inflammatory immune responses to the chronic inhalation of cigarette smoking. In the last quarter of the century, the analysis of specimens obtained from the lower airways of COPD patients compared with those from a control group of age-matched smokers with normal lung function has provided novel insights on the potential pathogenetic role of the different cells of the innate and acquired immune responses and their pro/anti-inflammatory mediators and intracellular signalling pathways, contributing to a better knowledge of the immunopathology of COPD both during its stable phase and during its exacerbations. This also has provided a scientific rationale for new drugs discovery and targeting to the lower airways. This review summarises and discusses the immunopathology of COPD patients, of different severity, compared with control smokers with normal lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Caramori
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly named Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly named Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adam Barczyk
- Katedra i Klinika Pneumonologii, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrew L Durham
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Ian Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Katsura Y, Harada N, Harada S, Ishimori A, Makino F, Ito J, Kamachi F, Okumura K, Akiba H, Atsuta R, Takahashi K. Characteristics of alveolar macrophages from murine models of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and LPS-induced acute airway inflammation. Exp Lung Res 2016; 41:370-82. [PMID: 26151756 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1044137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages include the classically activated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (M1s) and alternatively activated anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (M2s). The M1s are activated by both interferon-γ and Toll-like receptor ligands, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and have potent pro-inflammatory activity. In contrast, Th2 cytokines activate the M2s, which are involved in the immune response to parasites, promotion of tissue remodeling, and immune regulatory functions. Although alveolar macrophages (AMs) play an essential role in the pulmonary immune system, little is known about their phenotypes. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were used to define the characteristics of alveolar macrophages derived from untreated naïve mice and from murine models of both ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation and LPS-induced acute airway inflammation. AMs were co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells and were pulsed with tritiated thymidine to assess proliferative responses. RESULTS We characterized in detail murine AMs and found that these cells were not completely consistent with the current M1 versus M2-polarization model. OVA-induced allergic and LPS-induced acute airway inflammation promoted the polarization of AMs towards the current M2-skewed and M1-skewed phenotypes, respectively. Moreover, our data also show that CD11c(+) CD11b(+) AMs from the LPS-treated mice play a regulatory role in antigen-specific T-cell proliferation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These characteristics of AMs depend on the incoming pathogens they encounter and on the phase of inflammation and do not correspond to the current M1 versus M2-polarization model. These findings may facilitate an understanding of their contributions to the pulmonary immune system in airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Katsura
- a 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan.,b 2 Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan.,c 3 Department of Immunology , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- a 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan.,b 2 Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan.,c 3 Department of Immunology , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Harada
- a 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan.,c 3 Department of Immunology , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Ishimori
- a 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Makino
- a 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ito
- a 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kamachi
- c 3 Department of Immunology , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- d 4 Atopy (Allergy) Research Center , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisaya Akiba
- c 3 Department of Immunology , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Atsuta
- a 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- a 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan.,b 2 Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages , Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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Barnes PJ. Inflammatory mechanisms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:16-27. [PMID: 27373322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 840] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with chronic inflammation affecting predominantly the lung parenchyma and peripheral airways that results in largely irreversible and progressive airflow limitation. This inflammation is characterized by increased numbers of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes (predominantly TC1, TH1, and TH17 cells), and innate lymphoid cells recruited from the circulation. These cells and structural cells, including epithelial and endothelial cells and fibroblasts, secrete a variety of proinflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and lipid mediators. Although most patients with COPD have a predominantly neutrophilic inflammation, some have an increase in eosinophil counts, which might be orchestrated by TH2 cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells though release of IL-33 from epithelial cells. These patients might be more responsive to corticosteroids and bronchodilators. Oxidative stress plays a key role in driving COPD-related inflammation, even in ex-smokers, and might result in activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), impaired antiprotease defenses, DNA damage, cellular senescence, autoantibody generation, and corticosteroid resistance though inactivation of histone deacetylase 2. Systemic inflammation is also found in patients with COPD and can worsen comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Accelerated aging in the lungs of patients with COPD can also generate inflammatory protein release from senescent cells in the lung. In the future, it will be important to recognize phenotypes of patients with optimal responses to more specific therapies, and development of biomarkers that identify the therapeutic phenotypes will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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Singh D, Donnelly LE. Now We Know Who You Are: A Clear Description of Mononuclear Phagocyte Subsets in the Human Lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:594-6. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201511-2212ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sun Y, Wang K, Li MX, He W, Chang JR, Liao CC, Lin F, Qi YF, Wang R, Chen YH. Metabolic changes of H2S in smokers and patients of COPD which might involve in inflammation, oxidative stress and steroid sensitivity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14971. [PMID: 26455818 PMCID: PMC4601038 DOI: 10.1038/srep14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Most patients with COPD show a poor response to corticosteroids. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD, but its expression and effects in lung tissue from COPD patients are not clear. In peripheral lung tissue samples from 24 patients, we found that compared with nonsmokers, the protein level of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) was decreased in smokers and COPD patients. CSE mRNA increased but cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) mRNA decreased in COPD patients. H2S donors increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase in CS exposed U937 cells and inhibited CS-induced TNF-α and IL-8 secretion. Dexamethasone alone had no effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced TNF-α release by alveolar macrophages from CS exposed rats, however the combination of dexamethasone and H2S donor significantly inhibited TNF-α release. Thus, H2S metabolism is altered in lung tissue of smokers and COPD patients. Supplementation of H2S protects against CS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages and H2S on steroid sensitivity deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min-Xia Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin-Rui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Liao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ya-Hong Chen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Higham A, Booth G, Lea S, Southworth T, Plumb J, Singh D. The effects of corticosteroids on COPD lung macrophages: a pooled analysis. Respir Res 2015; 16:98. [PMID: 26289362 PMCID: PMC4545868 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is large variation in the therapeutic response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in COPD patients. We present a pooled analysis of our previous studies investigating the effects of corticosteroids on lung macrophages, in order to robustly determine whether corticosteroid sensitivity in COPD cells is reduced compared to controls, and also to evaluate the degree of between individual variation in drug response. METHODS Data from 20 never smokers (NS), 27 smokers (S) and 45 COPD patients was used. Lung macropahges had been stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with or without the corticosteroid dexamethasone, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 8 production was measured. RESULTS There was no difference in the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids when comparing group mean data of COPD patients versus controls. The inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 was greater than CXCL8. The effects of corticosteroids varied considerably between subjects, particularly at lower corticosteroid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS We confirm that overall corticosteroid sensitivity in COPD lung macrophages is not reduced compared to controls. The varied effect of corticosteroids between subjects suggests that some individuals have an inherently poor corticosteroid response. The limited suppression of lung macrophage derived CXCL8 may promote neutrophilic inflammation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Higham
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - George Booth
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Simon Lea
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Thomas Southworth
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jonathan Plumb
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Dave Singh
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Lee YG, Jeong JJ, Nyenhuis S, Berdyshev E, Chung S, Ranjan R, Karpurapu M, Deng J, Qian F, Kelly EAB, Jarjour NN, Ackerman SJ, Natarajan V, Christman JW, Park GY. Recruited alveolar macrophages, in response to airway epithelial-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/CCl2, regulate airway inflammation and remodeling in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:772-84. [PMID: 25360868 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0255oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although alveolar macrophages (AMs) from patients with asthma are known to be functionally different from those of healthy individuals, the mechanism by which this transformation occurs has not been fully elucidated in asthma. The goal of this study was to define the mechanisms that control AM phenotypic and functional transformation in response to acute allergic airway inflammation. The phenotype and functional characteristics of AMs obtained from human subjects with asthma after subsegmental bronchoprovocation with allergen was studied. Using macrophage-depleted mice, the role and trafficking of AM populations was determined using an acute allergic lung inflammation model. We observed that depletion of AMs in a mouse allergic asthma model attenuates Th2-type allergic lung inflammation and its consequent airway remodeling. In both human and mouse, endobronchial challenge with allergen induced a marked increase in monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCPs) in bronchoalveolar fluid, concomitant with the rapid appearance of a monocyte-derived population of AMs. Furthermore, airway allergen challenge of allergic subjects with mild asthma skewed the pattern of AM gene expression toward high levels of the receptor for MCP1 (CCR2/MCP1R) and expression of M2 phenotypic proteins, whereas most proinflammatory genes were highly suppressed. CCL2/MCP-1 gene expression was prominent in bronchial epithelial cells in a mouse allergic asthma model, and in vitro studies indicate that bronchial epithelial cells produced abundant MCP-1 in response to house dust mite allergen. Thus, our study indicates that bronchial allergen challenge induces the recruitment of blood monocytes along a chemotactic gradient generated by allergen-exposed bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gyu Lee
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Finney L, Berry M, Singanayagam A, Elkin SL, Johnston SL, Mallia P. Inhaled corticosteroids and pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2014; 2:919-932. [PMID: 25240963 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and, in combination with long-acting β2 agonists, reduce exacerbations and improve lung function and quality of life. However, inhaled corticosteroids have been linked with an increased risk of pneumonia in individuals with COPD, but the magnitude of this risk, the effects of different preparations and doses, and the mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. Therefore, making informed clinical decisions--balancing the beneficial and adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids in individuals with COPD--is difficult. Understanding of the mechanisms of increased pneumonia risk with inhaled corticosteroids is urgently needed to clarify their role in the management of COPD and to aid the development of new, safer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Finney
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Berry
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah L Elkin
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Patrick Mallia
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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