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Liang X, Jin P, Zhan C, Zhao L, Zi X, Zhi L, Yu K. Glucocorticoid-Induced Transcript 1(GLCCI1) SNP rs37937 Is Associated With the Risk of Developing Allergic Rhinitis and the Response to Intranasal Corticosteroids in a Chinese Han Population. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023; 37:751-757. [PMID: 37553950 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231193156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has shown that glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 (GLCCI1) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs37937 is associated with asthma. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate whether the GLCCI1 SNP rs37937 is a risk factor for allergic rhinitis (AR) in a Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 220 individuals including 109 AR patients and 111 healthy subjects were included. The genotyping of GLCCI1 rs37973 was performed by the SNaPshot method. The correlations of rs37973 polymorphism, AR risk, and clinical characteristics were further analyzed, as well as the treatment response to intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) in AR patients of different genotypes. RESULTS Three GLCCI1 rs37973 SNP genotypes were identified in both AR patients and healthy subjects. Significant association between rs37973 polymorphism and AR under allele model, dominant model, heterozygote model, and homozygote model were shown. The A allele frequency of SNP rs37973 in AR was significantly higher than that in controls. The serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in AR patients of AA genotype was significantly higher than in patients of GA and GG genotype, and the serum total IgE in GA genotype was significantly higher than in GG genotype. Interestingly, after 4 weeks of INCS treatment for AR patients, the improvement of the nasal itching score, sneezing score, runny nose score, total nasal symptom score, and visual analog scale score of the GG genotype were worse than the AA or GA genotype. CONCLUSION The GLCCI1 rs37937 polymorphism is associated with the risk of developing AR and the response to INCS treatment in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changcui Zhan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dongping County People's Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zi
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Zhi
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Kena Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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2
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Moreno I, Stojanovic-Pérez A, Bulduk B, Sánchez-Gistau V, Algora MJ, Ortega L, Muntané G, Vilella E, Labad J, Martorell L. High blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in early psychosis are associated with inflammatory markers. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 164:440-446. [PMID: 37429187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6265C > T, Val66Met, affects BDNF secretion and has been related to inflammatory processes. Both the rs6265 and BDNF protein levels have been widely investigated in neuropsychiatric disorders with conflicting results. In the present study we examined BDNF mRNA expression in blood considering the SNP rs6265 and its relationship with inflammatory markers in the early stages of psychosis. The rs6265 genotype and blood BDNF mRNA levels were measured in 34 at-risk mental states (ARMS) individuals, 37 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 42 healthy controls (HCs) by quantitative PCR and reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR using validated TaqMan assays. We also obtained measures of interleukin-6 (IL6) mRNA levels, fibrinogen, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. We identified that BDNF mRNA levels were associated with the rs6265 genotype in an allele-dose-dependent manner, with low expression levels associated with the T allele (Met substitution). Thus, we controlled for the rs6265 genotype in all analyses. Blood BDNF mRNA levels differed between diagnostic groups: patients with FEP exhibited higher blood BDNF mRNA levels than ARMS individuals, and the lowest levels were observed in HC. In addition, we observed significant correlations between BDNF mRNA levels and inflammatory markers (IL6 mRNA levels and NLR), controlled by the rs6265 genotype, in ARMS and FEP groups. This exploratory study suggests that the rs6265 genotype is associated with differential blood mRNA expression of BDNF that increases with illness progression and correlated with inflammation in the early stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Moreno
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Bengisu Bulduk
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Sánchez-Gistau
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Algora
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ortega
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Infermeria, URV, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Muntané
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, IBE, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Labad
- Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Fundació Parc Taulí, Mataró, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Innovació i Investigació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-Inc-UAB, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Martorell
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Fang L, Li CH, Zhang Q, Jiang TJ, Liu Y, Shi FP, Yu P, Yu L, Chen AP, Li T, Wan YZ, Shi L. Ciliated Cells Express a Novel Pattern of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Allergic Rhinitis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2595-2606. [PMID: 37360625 PMCID: PMC10289300 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s407368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting research indicates that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), has great potential to increase neuro-hyperresponsiveness and airway resistance in airway allergic disease. The expression level of BDNF has been found to be notably elevated in lung/nasal lavage (NAL) fluid. However, the expression and position of BDNF in ciliated cells with allergic rhinitis remains unclear. Methods Nasal mucosal cells were collected from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and mice which were performed under different allergen challenge time, then observed the expression and position of BDNF located in ciliated cells through the immunofluorescence staining. Nasal mucosa, serum and NAL fluid were collected also. The expression level of BDNF and IL-4/5/13 were detected by RT-PCR. The expressions of BDNF (in serum and NAL fluid), and total-IgE, ovalbumin sIgE (in serum) were detected by ELISA. Results We found that MFI of BDNF in AR group's ciliated cells was obviously lower than that in the control group, and a negative correlation was discovered between MFI and VAS score. It can be roughly divided into 5 patterns according to its location in the cytoplasm of ciliated cells. In the mouse model, the expressions of BDNF in serum and NAL fluid increased temporarily after allergen stimulation. The MFI of BDNF in ciliated cells displayed an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease. Conclusion Our study shows for the first time that, the expression and localization of BNDF were observed in the human nasal ciliated epithelial cells of allergic rhinitis, and the expression of level was less than the control group under the persistent state of allergy. BDNF expression in ciliated cells was transient increased after allergen stimulation and decreased to normal level after 24h in mouse model of allergic rhinitis. This might be the possible source of the transient increase of BNDF in serum and NAL fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Jiao Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Po Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ping Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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Weihrauch T, Limberg MM, Gray N, Schmelz M, Raap U. Neurotrophins: Neuroimmune Interactions in Human Atopic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076105. [PMID: 37047077 PMCID: PMC10094011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are accompanied by a variety of symptoms such as pruritus, coughing, sneezing, and watery eyes, which can result in severe physiological and even psychological impairments. The exact mechanisms of these conditions are not yet completely understood. However, recent studies demonstrated a high relevance of neurotrophins in allergic inflammation, as they induce cytokine release, mediate interaction between immune cells and neurons, and exhibit different expression levels in health and disease. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the current state of knowledge concerning the role of neurotrophins in atopic disorders such as atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Weihrauch
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maren M Limberg
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Gray
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Oldenburg, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
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5
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Gieler U, Gieler T, Peters EMJ, Linder D. Haut und Psychosomatik – Psychodermatologie heute. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:1280-1300. [PMID: 33251743 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14328_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Gieler
- Universitäts-Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Gießen
| | - Tanja Gieler
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychosomatik, Universitäts-Kinderklinik, Universitätsklinikum Gießen
| | - Eva Milena Johanne Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunologie Labor, Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen, Gießen in Kooperation mit der Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin - Charité, Berlin
| | - Dennis Linder
- Universitäts-Hautklinik, Universität Padua, Italien, Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Österreich
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6
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Gieler U, Gieler T, Peters EMJ, Linder D. Skin and Psychosomatics - Psychodermatology today. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:1280-1298. [PMID: 33251751 PMCID: PMC7756276 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modern psychodermatology relies on the bio-psycho-social disease model in psychosomatics, according to which biological, psychological and social factors (on various levels, from molecules to the biosphere) play a major role in the disease pathogenesis through complex, non-linear interactions over the entire disease course. It is nowadays experimentally proven that "emotions get into the skin". Recent research shows close anatomical, physiological and functional connections between skin and nervous system, already known to be ontogenetically related. These connections are reflected in many skin diseases where psychological and somatic etiological factors are closely intertwined. A holistic approach by the physician should do justice to this interdependence; biological, psychological and social factors should be adequately taken into account when taking anamnesis, making a diagnosis and choosing a therapy. The "visibility" of the skin organ bestows dermatology a special position among the various other clinical subjects, and renders a holistic, psychosomatic approach to the patient that is particularly important. The life course belongs also to modern psychodermatological approaches. Based on the modern psychodermatology concept, other corresponding sub-areas such as psychogastroenterology, psychocardiology etc. have emerged. After the theoretical part of this article, some selected skin diseases are discussed in more detail from the psychosomatic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Gieler
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Gießen
| | - Tanja Gieler
- Psychosomatic Medicine for Children and AdolescentsDepartment of PediatricsUniversity Hospital Gießen
| | - Eva Milena Johanne Peters
- Laboratory for PsychoneuroimmunologyDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital Gießen in cooperation with the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital – CharitéBerlin
| | - Dennis Linder
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of PaduaItalyInstitute for Medical Psychology and PsychotherapyMedical University GrazAustria
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7
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Li S, Weinstein G, Zare H, Teumer A, Völker U, Friedrich N, Knol MJ, Satizabal CL, Petyuk VA, Adams HHH, Launer LJ, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Grabe HJ, Ikram MA, Gudnason V, Yang Q, Seshadri S. The genetics of circulating BDNF: towards understanding the role of BDNF in brain structure and function in middle and old ages. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa176. [PMID: 33345186 PMCID: PMC7734441 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in brain development and function. Substantial amounts of BDNF are present in peripheral blood, and may serve as biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease incidence as well as targets for intervention to reduce Alzheimer’s disease risk. With the exception of the genetic polymorphism in the BDNF gene, Val66Met, which has been extensively studied with regard to neurodegenerative diseases, the genetic variation that influences circulating BDNF levels is unknown. We aimed to explore the genetic determinants of circulating BDNF levels in order to clarify its mechanistic involvement in brain structure and function and Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology in middle-aged and old adults. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study of circulating BDNF in 11 785 middle- and old-aged individuals of European ancestry from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (AGES), the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), the Rotterdam Study and the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-Trend). Furthermore, we performed functional annotation analysis and related the genetic polymorphism influencing circulating BDNF to common Alzheimer’s disease pathologies from brain autopsies. Mendelian randomization was conducted to examine the possible causal role of circulating BDNF levels with various phenotypes including cognitive function, stroke, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, physical activity and diet patterns. Gene interaction networks analysis was also performed. The estimated heritability of BDNF levels was 30% (standard error = 0.0246, P-value = 4 × 10−48). We identified seven novel independent loci mapped near the BDNF gene and in BRD3, CSRNP1, KDELC2, RUNX1 (two single-nucleotide polymorphisms) and BDNF-AS. The expression of BDNF was associated with neurofibrillary tangles in brain tissues from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP). Seven additional genes (ACAT1, ATM, NPAT, WDR48, TTC21A, SCN114 and COX7B) were identified through expression and protein quantitative trait loci analyses. Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a potential causal role of BDNF in cardioembolism. Lastly, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis placed circulating BDNF levels in four major networks. Our study provides novel insights into genes and molecular pathways associated with circulating BDNF levels and highlights the possible involvement of plaque instability as an underlying mechanism linking BDNF with brain neurodegeneration. These findings provide a foundation for a better understanding of BDNF regulation and function in the context of brain aging and neurodegenerative pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galit Weinstein
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Habil Zare
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, 78229 TX, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, 78229 TX, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,The Framingham Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Department of Health and Human Services, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegererative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, 78229 TX, USA.,The Framingham Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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8
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Sreter KB, Popovic-Grle S, Lampalo M, Konjevod M, Tudor L, Nikolac Perkovic M, Jukic I, Bingulac-Popovic J, Safic Stanic H, Markeljevic J, Pivac N, Svob Strac D. Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Concentration and BDNF/ TrkB Gene Polymorphisms in Croatian Adults with Asthma. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E189. [PMID: 33114368 PMCID: PMC7712770 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor might contribute to normal lung functioning and immune responses; however, their role in asthma remains unclear. Plasma BDNF concentrations, as well as BDNF and NTRK2 (TrkB gene) polymorphisms, were investigated in 120 asthma patients and 120 healthy individuals using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The genotype and allele frequencies of BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) and NTRK2 rs1439050 polymorphisms did not differ between healthy individuals and asthma patients, nor between patients grouped according to severity or different asthma phenotypes. Although plasma BDNF concentrations were higher among healthy subjects carrying the BDNF Val66Met GG genotype compared to the A allele carriers, such differences were not detected in asthma patients, suggesting the influences of other factors. Plasma BDNF concentration was not affected by NTRK2 rs1439050 polymorphism. Asthma patients had higher plasma BDNF concentrations than control subjects; however, no differences were found between patients subdivided according to asthma severity, or Type-2, allergic, and eosinophilic asthma. Higher plasma BDNF levels were observed in asthma patients with aspirin sensitivity and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. These results suggest that plasma BDNF may serve as a potential peripheral biomarker for asthma, particularly asthma with aspirin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina B. Sreter
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Centre “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Sanja Popovic-Grle
- Clinic for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.P.-G.); (M.L.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Lampalo
- Clinic for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.P.-G.); (M.L.)
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Irena Jukic
- Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.J.); (J.B.-P.); (H.S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasna Bingulac-Popovic
- Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.J.); (J.B.-P.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Hana Safic Stanic
- Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.J.); (J.B.-P.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Jasenka Markeljevic
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Centre “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.S.); (J.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (N.P.)
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9
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Ghosh M, Ali A, Joshi S, Srivastava AS, Tapadia MG. SLC1A3 C3590T but not BDNF G196A is a predisposition factor for stress as well as depression, in an adolescent eastern Indian population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:53. [PMID: 32171272 PMCID: PMC7071583 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-0993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a distinctive stage of various changes and is noted as peak age for onset of many psychiatric disorders, especially linked to stress and depression. Several genetic variations are being increasingly known to be linked with stress and depression. The polymorphisms in two such genes, the BDNF and SLC1A3, have been reported to be linked with either depression/stress or with suicidal behaviour. These genes have not been validated in Indian population, and therefore there is a need to investigate these genes in Indian population. The present study was undertaken to test whether the known polymorphisms SLC1A3 C3590T, SLC1A3 C869G and BDNF G196A are associated or not with stress or depression in an eastern Indian population. Methods A case-control association study was performed with 108 cases having variable levels of stress and depression and 205 matched controls. Detection of stress and depression was done by using standard instruments as PSS and CES-D, respectively and demographic profile was obtained for each individual on the basis of personal data sheet. Genotyping for the selected polymorphisms was performed by PCR followed by restriction digestion. Results The SNP SLC1A3 C3590T was found to be associated with stress and depression (p = 0.0042, OR = 2.072). Therefore, the T allele increases the risk by more than two folds for stress and depression in the present population. The other allele of SLC1A3, G869C, as well as BDNF G196A were not associated with stress or depression in the population studied. Conclusion SLC1A3 C3590T is a predisposition factor for stress and depression in an eastern Indian population, whereas SLC1A3 G869C and BDNF G196A were not found to be a risk factor. Therefore, presence of T allele of SLC1A3 C3590T, may predict the development of stress and depression in an individual. This may also help in the understanding of pathophysiology of the disease. However, these findings warrant a wider study in Indian populations and would be of significance in understanding the predisposition of stress and depression in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Ghosh
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shobhna Joshi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Adya Shankar Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Madhu G Tapadia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Zhou J, Gou H, Zhang L, Wang X, Ye Y, Lu X, Ying B. ARID5B Genetic Polymorphisms Contribute to the Susceptibility and Prognosis of Male Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1374-1386. [PMID: 31599655 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted using TagSNPs to systematically explore the relationship between ARID5B polymorphisms and the occurrence, clinical characterization, and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A total of 569 unrelated AML patients and 410 healthy individuals from West China were recruited, and ARID5B TagSNPs were genotyped using iMLDR® (improved multiplex ligation detection reaction). It was found that the association of ARID5B polymorphisms with AML was most significant in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and exclusively in males, the mutant alleles of rs6415872, rs2393726, rs7073837, rs10821936, and rs7089424 were found to increase the risk of developing APL in men, the odds ratio (OR) were 1.36, 1.74, 1.45, 1.53, and 1.56 (all p < 0.05), respectively. Haplotype analysis revealed that haplotype [AACCG] increased the risk of male APL with an OR of 1.53 (95% confidence interval: 1.10-2.14, p = 0.012). Besides, there was a strong positive additive interaction between rs6415872 and rs10821936, rs7089424, respectively, and cases attributed to the interaction of rs6415872, rs10821936, and rs7089424 accounted for 100%. Furthermore, ARID5B single nucleotide polymorphisms were found associated with clinical features of AML, and rs6415872 was shown to be an independent prognosis factor in APL patients. Besides, dual luciferase report assay showed that rs6415872 may affect the binding activity of PPARG with ARID5B. ARID5B polymorphisms contribute to male APL risk, clinical feature, and prognosis, suggesting the importance of ARDI5B in AML pathogenesis and development, and the gender and subtype preference may prompt some specific mechanisms of ARID5B. Besides, ARID5B polymorphisms might be a potential prognosis biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Haimei Gou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxin Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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11
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Screening of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) single nucleotide polymorphisms and plasma BDNF levels among Malaysian major depressive disorder patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211241. [PMID: 30677092 PMCID: PMC6345459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin found in abundance in brain regions such as the hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum and basal forebrain. It has been associated with the risk of susceptibility to major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to determine the association of three BDNF variants (rs6265, rs1048218 and rs1048220) with Malaysian MDD patients. Methods The correlation of these variants to the plasma BDNF level among Malaysian MDD patients was assessed. A total of 300 cases and 300 matched controls recruited from four public hospitals within the Klang Valley of Selangor State, Malaysia and matched for age, sex and ethnicity were screened for BDNF rs6265, rs1048218 and rs1048220 using high resolution melting (HRM). Findings BDNF rs1048218 and BDNF rs1048220 were monomorphic and were excluded from further analysis. The distribution of the alleles and genotypes for BDNF rs6265 was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the controls (p = 0.13) but was in Hardy Weinberg disequilibrium for the cases (p = 0.011). Findings from this study indicated that having BDNF rs6265 in the Malaysian population increase the odds of developing MDD by 2.05 folds (95% CI = 1.48–3.65). Plasma from 206 cases and 206 controls were randomly selected to measure the BDNF level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A significant decrease in the plasma BDNF level of the cases as compared to controls (p<0.0001) was observed. However, there was no evidence of the effect of the rs6265 genotypes on the BDNF level indicating a possible role of other factors in modulating the BDNF level that warrants further investigation. Conclusion The study indicated that having the BDNF rs6265 allele (A) increase the risk of developing MDD in the Malaysian population suggesting a possible role of BDNF in the etiology of the disorder.
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Cheng L, Chen J, Fu Q, He S, Li H, Liu Z, Tan G, Tao Z, Wang D, Wen W, Xu R, Xu Y, Yang Q, Zhang C, Zhang G, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zhou B, Zhu D, Chen L, Cui X, Deng Y, Guo Z, Huang Z, Huang Z, Li H, Li J, Li W, Li Y, Xi L, Lou H, Lu M, Ouyang Y, Shi W, Tao X, Tian H, Wang C, Wang M, Wang N, Wang X, Xie H, Yu S, Zhao R, Zheng M, Zhou H, Zhu L, Zhang L. Chinese Society of Allergy Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:300-353. [PMID: 29949830 PMCID: PMC6021586 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.4.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2-3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of Journal Articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- International Centre for Allergy Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoheng He
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guolin Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Wen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qintai Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chonghua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruxin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luquan Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Cui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqin Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxiao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zizhen Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houyong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiping Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhui Ouyang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Wendan Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyao Tao
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqin Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoqing Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renwu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luping Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Tsai SJ. Critical Issues in BDNF Val66Met Genetic Studies of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:156. [PMID: 29867348 PMCID: PMC5962780 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric diseases. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant and widely distributed neurotrophin in the brain. Its Val66Met polymorphism (refSNP Cluster Report: rs6265) is a common and functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) affecting the activity-dependent release of BDNF. BDNF Val66Met transgenic mice have been generated, which may provide further insight into the functional impact of this polymorphism in the brain. Considering the important role of BDNF in brain function, more than 1,100 genetic studies have investigated this polymorphism in the past 15 years. Although these studies have reported some encouraging positive findings initially, most of the findings cannot be replicated in following studies. These inconsistencies in BDNF Val66Met genetic studies may be attributed to many factors such as age, sex, environmental factors, ethnicity, genetic model used for analysis, and gene–gene interaction, which are discussed in this review. We also discuss the results of recent studies that have reported the novel functions of this polymorphism. Because many BDNF polymorphisms and non-genetic factors have been implicated in the complex traits of neuropsychiatric diseases, the conventional genetic association-based method is limited to address these complex interactions. Future studies should apply data mining and machine learning techniques to determine the genetic role of BDNF in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Janicijevic SM, Dejanovic SD, Borovcanin M. Interplay of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cytokines in Schizophrenia. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family and plays an important role in neuroplasticity, differentiation and survival of neurons, as well as their function. Neuroinflammation has been explored in the pathophysiology of many mental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Cytokines representing different types of immune responses have an impact on neurogenesis and BDNF expression. Cross-regulation of BDNF and cytokines is accomplished through several signalling pathways. Also, typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs variously modulate the expression of BDNF and serum levels of cytokines, which can possibly be used in evaluation of therapy effectiveness. Comorbidity of metabolic syndrome and atopic diseases has been considered in the context of BDNF and cytokines interplay in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Minic Janicijevic
- Doctor of Medicine, PhD Student at the Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Slavica Djukic Dejanovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Milica Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
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15
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Wise SK, Lin SY, Toskala E, Orlandi RR, Akdis CA, Alt JA, Azar A, Baroody FM, Bachert C, Canonica GW, Chacko T, Cingi C, Ciprandi G, Corey J, Cox LS, Creticos PS, Custovic A, Damask C, DeConde A, DelGaudio JM, Ebert CS, Eloy JA, Flanagan CE, Fokkens WJ, Franzese C, Gosepath J, Halderman A, Hamilton RG, Hoffman HJ, Hohlfeld JM, Houser SM, Hwang PH, Incorvaia C, Jarvis D, Khalid AN, Kilpeläinen M, Kingdom TT, Krouse H, Larenas-Linnemann D, Laury AM, Lee SE, Levy JM, Luong AU, Marple BF, McCoul ED, McMains KC, Melén E, Mims JW, Moscato G, Mullol J, Nelson HS, Patadia M, Pawankar R, Pfaar O, Platt MP, Reisacher W, Rondón C, Rudmik L, Ryan M, Sastre J, Schlosser RJ, Settipane RA, Sharma HP, Sheikh A, Smith TL, Tantilipikorn P, Tversky JR, Veling MC, Wang DY, Westman M, Wickman M, Zacharek M. International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:108-352. [PMID: 29438602 PMCID: PMC7286723 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR) literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this knowledge to clinical care of the AR patient. To evaluate the existing AR literature, international multidisciplinary experts with an interest in AR have produced the International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR:AR). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to AR. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) format as dictated by available evidence and purpose within the ICAR:AR document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:AR document was synthesized and reviewed by all authors for consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:AR document addresses over 100 individual topics related to AR, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, disease burden, risk factors for the development of AR, allergy testing modalities, treatment, and other conditions/comorbidities associated with AR. CONCLUSION This critical review of the AR literature has identified several strengths; providers can be confident that treatment decisions are supported by rigorous studies. However, there are also substantial gaps in the AR literature. These knowledge gaps should be viewed as opportunities for improvement, as often the things that we teach and the medicine that we practice are not based on the best quality evidence. This document aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the AR literature to identify areas for future AR research and improved understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Allergy/Asthma, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Switzerland
| | | | - Antoine Azar
- Allergy/Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cemal Cingi
- Otolaryngology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam DeConde
- Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Gosepath
- Otorhinolaryngology, Helios Kliniken Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jens M. Hohlfeld
- Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Airway Research Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, German Center for Lung Research, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amber U. Luong
- Otolaryngology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erik Melén
- Pediatric Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | | | - Joaquim Mullol
- Otolaryngology, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Pfaar
- Rhinology/Allergy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | - Carmen Rondón
- Allergy, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Spain
| | - Luke Rudmik
- Otolaryngology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern, USA
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jiminez Diaz, Spain
| | | | | | - Hemant P. Sharma
- Allergy/Immunology, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - De Yun Wang
- Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Cheah SY, McLeay R, Wockner LF, Lawford BR, Young RM, Morris CP, Voisey J. Expression and methylation of BDNF in the human brain in schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:392-400. [PMID: 27712141 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1245443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the combined effect of the BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) polymorphism and BDNF DNA methylation on transcriptional regulation of the BDNF gene. METHODS DNA methylation profiles were generated for CpG sites proximal to Val66Met, within BDNF promoter I and exon V for prefrontal cortex samples from 25 schizophrenia and 25 control subjects. Val66Met genotypes and BDNF mRNA expression data were generated by transcriptome sequencing. Expression, methylation and genotype data were correlated and examined for association with schizophrenia. RESULTS There was 43% more of the BDNF V-VIII-IX transcript in schizophrenia samples. BDNF mRNA expression and DNA methylation of seven CpG sites were not associated with schizophrenia after accounting for age and PMI effects. BDNF mRNA expression and DNA methylation were not altered by Val66Met after accounting for age and PMI effects. DNA methylation of one CpG site had a marginally significant positive correlation with mRNA expression in schizophrenia subjects. CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia risk was not associated with differential BDNF mRNA expression and DNA methylation. A larger age-matched cohort with comprehensive clinical history is required to accurately identify the effects of genotype, mRNA expression and DNA methylation on schizophrenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sern-Yih Cheah
- a School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Queensland , Australia
| | - Robert McLeay
- a School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Queensland , Australia
| | - Leesa F Wockner
- b Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Bruce R Lawford
- a School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Queensland , Australia.,c Discipline of Psychiatry , Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Herston , Queensland , Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- a School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Queensland , Australia
| | - Charles P Morris
- a School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Queensland , Australia
| | - Joanne Voisey
- a School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Queensland , Australia
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17
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Nubukpo P, Ramoz N, Girard M, Malauzat D, Gorwood P. Determinants of Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Blood Levels in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1280-1287. [PMID: 28485899 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are influenced by both addiction and mood disorders, as well as somatic conditions, gender, and genetic polymorphisms, leading to widely varying results. Depressive symptoms and episodes are frequently observed in patients with alcohol use disorder, and vary widely over time, making it a challenge to determine which aspects are specifically involved in variations of serum BDNF levels in this population. METHODS We assessed 227 patients with alcohol dependence involved in a detoxification program, at baseline and after a follow-up of 6 months, for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score, the length of alcohol dependence, and the number of past detoxification programs. The Beck Depression Inventory and information on current tobacco and alcohol use, suicidal ideation, body mass index, age, gender, and psychotropic treatments were also collected. Serum BDNF (ELISA) and 2 genetic polymorphisms of the BDNF gene (Val33Met and rs962369) were analyzed. RESULTS The presence of the Met allele, 2 markers of the history of alcohol dependence (gamma glutamyl transferase and the number of past treatments in detoxification programs), and the presence of a depressive episode (but not depressive score) were significantly associated with the 2 blood levels of BDNF at baseline and after 6 months. After controlling for baseline BDNF levels, the presence of the Met allele and an ongoing depressive episode were the only variables associated with changes in BNDF levels after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Low serum BDNF levels are associated with characteristics related to alcohol consumption and mood disorders, and variants of the BDNF gene in alcohol use disorder patients. The factors that most strongly influenced changes in serum BDNF levels following treatment in an alcohol detoxification program were variants of the BDNF gene and ongoing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Nubukpo
- Pôle d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France.,Unité de Recherche et de Neurostimulation, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- Inserm UMR894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Murielle Girard
- Unité de Recherche et de Neurostimulation, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
| | - Dominique Malauzat
- Unité de Recherche et de Neurostimulation, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Inserm UMR894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France.,Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale (CMME), Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Paris Cedex, France
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18
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Cai X, Shi X, Zhang X, Zhang A, Zheng M, Fang Y. The association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphism and migraine: a meta-analysis. J Headache Pain 2017; 18:13. [PMID: 28150221 PMCID: PMC5289130 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-017-0725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine is a recurrent headache disease related to genetic variants. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene rs6265 (Val66Met) and rs2049046 polymorphism has been found to be associated with migraine. However, their roles in this disorder are not well established. Then we conduct this meta-analysis to address this issue. Methods PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were systematically searched to identify all relevant studies. Odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the strength of association between BDNF gene rs6265 and rs2049046 polymorphism and migraine. Results Four studies with 1598 cases and 1585 controls, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in our meta-analysis. Overall data showed significant association between rs6265 polymorphism and migraine in allele model (OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.76–0.99, p = 0.03), recessive model (OR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.72–0.98, p = 0.03) and additive model (GG vs GA: OR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.72–1.00, p = 0.04), respectively. We also found significant association between rs2049046(A/T) polymorphism and migraine in allele model (OR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.79–0.98, p = 0.02), recessive model (OR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.67–0.96, p = 0.02) and additive model (AA vs TT: OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.57–0.92, p = 0.008; AA vs AT: OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.67–0.99, p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggested that BDNF rs6265 and rs2049046 polymorphism were associated with common migraine in Caucasian population. Further studies are awaited to update this finding in Asian population and other types of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Anhui, 241001, China
| | - Ximeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Road, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Aiwu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yannan Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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19
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Manti S, Brown P, Perez MK, Piedimonte G. The Role of Neurotrophins in Inflammation and Allergy. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:313-341. [PMID: 28215300 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic inflammation is the result of a specific pattern of cellular and humoral responses leading to the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system, which, in turn, results in physiological and structural changes affecting target tissues such as the airways and the skin. Eosinophil activation and the production of soluble mediators such as IgE antibodies are pivotal features in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. In the past few years, however, convincing evidence has shown that neurons and other neurosensory structures are not only a target of the inflammatory process but also participate in the regulation of immune responses by actively releasing soluble mediators. The main products of these activated sensory neurons are a family of protein growth factors called neurotrophins. They were first isolated in the central nervous system and identified as important factors for the survival and differentiation of neurons during fetal and postnatal development as well as neuronal maintenance later in life. Four members of this family have been identified and well defined: nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin 3, and neurotrophin 4/5. Neurotrophins play a critical role in the bidirectional signaling mechanisms between immune cells and the neurosensory network structures in the airways and the skin. Pruritus and airway hyperresponsiveness, two major features of atopic dermatitis and asthma, respectively, are associated with the disruption of the neurosensory network activities. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive description of the neuroimmune interactions underlying the pathophysiological mechanisms of allergic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manti
- Center for Pediatric Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - P Brown
- Center for Pediatric Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - M K Perez
- Center for Pediatric Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States; Pediatric Institute and Children's Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - G Piedimonte
- Center for Pediatric Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States; Pediatric Institute and Children's Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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20
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Gu J, Mao XH, Yang XZ, Ao HF, Zhang Z, Li Y. Histamine H4 receptorgene polymorphisms: a potential predictor of oral H1 antihistamine efficacy for allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 7:268-275. [PMID: 27888642 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Xi-Zhi Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Hua-Fei Ao
- Department of Otolaryngology; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - You Li
- Department of Otolaryngology; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine; Shanghai P.R. China
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize the latest publications on the genetic and environmental determinants of allergic rhinitis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in genetic technology and bioinformatics have enabled simultaneous unbiased analysis of the entire genome regarding DNA sequence variants, epigenetic modifications and gene expression, providing functional correlates for DNA variants and phenotypes. As a result, new genes of mitochondrial and B-lymphocyte metabolism have been associated with allergic rhinitis phenotypes. Epidemiological studies recently showed an increased risk to develop allergic rhinitis in all age groups with reduction in farm exposure and in children with few older siblings. Climate changes seem to have also influenced pollen exposure and pollen-induced allergic disease. Lastly, occupational rhinitis has been increasingly recognized as a large burden to society. SUMMARY In summary, new high throughput genetics research technologies have pointed to new previously unsuspected pathways that may modulate the risk of developing allergic rhinitis such as mitochondrial metabolism. In addition, recent environmental factors found to influence the risk of developing allergic rhinitis include exposure to farm, pollution, occupational agents, and changes in climate.
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