1
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Liu EG, Yin X, Siniscalco ER, Eisenbarth SC. Dendritic cells in food allergy, treatment, and tolerance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:511-522. [PMID: 38971539 PMCID: PMC11414995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Food allergy is a growing problem with limited treatment options. It is important to understand the mechanisms of food tolerance and allergy to promote the development of directed therapies. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that prime adaptive immune responses, such as those involved in the development of oral tolerance and food allergies. The DC subsets in the gut and skin are defined by their surface markers and function. The default response to an ingested innocuous antigen is oral tolerance, which requires either gut DCs or a subset of newly identified RORγt+ APCs to induce the development of gut peripheral regulatory T cells. However, DCs in the skin, gut, and lung can also promote allergic sensitization when they are activated under certain inflammatory conditions, such as with alarmin release or gut dysbiosis. DCs also play a role in the responses to the various modalities of food immunotherapy. Langerhans cells in the skin appear to be necessary for the response to epicutaneous immunotherapy. It will be important to determine which real-world stimuli activate the DCs that prime allergic sensitization and discover methods to selectively initiate a tolerogenic program in APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G Liu
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Emily R Siniscalco
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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2
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Firdessa-Fite R, Johnson SN, Bechi Genzano C, Leon MA, Ku A, Ocampo Gonzalez FA, Milner JD, Sestak JO, Berkland C, Creusot RJ. Soluble antigen arrays provide increased efficacy and safety over free peptides for tolerogenic immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1258369. [PMID: 38933266 PMCID: PMC11199391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1258369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantigen-specific immunotherapy using peptides offers a more targeted approach to treat autoimmune diseases, but clinical implementation has been challenging. We previously showed that multivalent delivery of peptides as soluble antigen arrays (SAgAs) efficiently protects against spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Here, we compared the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of SAgAs versus free peptides. SAgAs, but not their corresponding free peptides at equivalent doses, efficiently prevented the development of diabetes. SAgAs increased the frequency of regulatory T cells among peptide-specific T cells or induce their anergy/exhaustion or deletion, depending on the type of SAgA used (hydrolysable (hSAgA) and non-hydrolysable 'click' SAgA (cSAgA)) and duration of treatment, whereas their corresponding free peptides induced a more effector phenotype following delayed clonal expansion. Over time, the peptides induced an IgE-independent anaphylactic reaction, the incidence of which was significantly delayed when peptides were in SAgA form rather than in free form. Moreover, the N-terminal modification of peptides with aminooxy or alkyne linkers, which was needed for grafting onto hyaluronic acid to make hSAgA or cSAgA variants, respectively, influenced their stimulatory potency and safety, with alkyne-functionalized peptides being more potent and less anaphylactogenic than aminooxy-functionalized peptides. Immunologic anaphylaxis occurred in NOD mice in a dose-dependent manner but not in C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice; however, its incidence did not correlate with the level of anti-peptide antibodies. We provide evidence that SAgAs significantly improve the efficacy of peptides to induce tolerance and prevent autoimmune diabetes while at the same time reducing their anaphylactogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebuma Firdessa-Fite
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephanie N. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Camillo Bechi Genzano
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martin A. Leon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Amy Ku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fernando A. Ocampo Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua D. Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua O. Sestak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Remi J. Creusot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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3
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Keumatio Doungtsop BC, Nardini E, Kalay H, Versteeg SA, Lübbers J, van Barneveld G, Li ER, van Vliet SJ, van Ree R, de Jong EC, van Kooyk Y. Sialic acid-modified der p 2 allergen exerts immunomodulatory effects on human PBMCs. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100193. [PMID: 38187864 PMCID: PMC10770723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background House dust mite extract-based allergen immunotherapy (AIT) to treat house dust mite allergy is substantially effective but still presents some safety and efficacy concerns that warrant improvement. Several major allergen-based approaches to increase safety and efficacy of AIT have been proposed. One of them is the use of the group 2 allergen, Der p 2. Objective We sought to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of sialic acid-modified major allergen recombinant Der p 2 (sia-rDer p 2) on PBMCs from healthy volunteers. Methods We activated PBMCs with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and incubated them at 37°C for 6 days in the presence or absence of either native rDer p 2 or α2-3 sialic acid-modified rDer p 2 (sia-rDer p 2). We assessed the changes in CD4+ T-cell activation and proliferation by flow cytometry and changes in T-lymphocyte cytokine production in cell culture supernatant by ELISA. Results We observed that PBMCs treated with sia-rDer p 2 presented with a markedly decreased expression of CD69 and an increased abundance of LAG-3+ lymphocytes compared with cells treated with rDer p 2. Moreover, PBMCs treated with sia-rDer p 2 showed a reduced production of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5 and displayed a higher IL-10/IL-5 ratio compared with rDer p 2-treated PBMCs. Conclusions We demonstrate that sia-rDer p 2 might be a safer option than native rDer p 2 for Der p 2-specific AIT. This is most relevant in the early phase of AIT that is often characterized by heightened TH2 responses, because sia-rDer p 2 does not enhance the production of TH2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte-Carole Keumatio Doungtsop
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inflammatory Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Nardini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inflammatory Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inflammatory Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serge A. Versteeg
- Inflammatory Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Lübbers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby van Barneveld
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline R.J. Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inflammatory Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- DC4U Technologies, Abcoude, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J. van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inflammatory Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Inflammatory Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther C. de Jong
- Inflammatory Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inflammatory Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- DC4U Technologies, Abcoude, The Netherlands
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4
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López-Fandiño R, Molina E, Lozano-Ojalvo D. Intestinal factors promoting the development of RORγt + cells and oral tolerance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294292. [PMID: 37936708 PMCID: PMC10626553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract has to harmonize the two seemingly opposite functions of fulfilling nutritional needs and avoiding the entry of pathogens, toxins and agents that can cause physical damage. This balance requires a constant adjustment of absorptive and defending functions by sensing environmental changes or noxious substances and initiating adaptive or protective mechanisms against them through a complex network of receptors integrated with the central nervous system that communicate with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Effective homeostatic processes at barrier sites take the responsibility for oral tolerance, which protects from adverse reactions to food that cause allergic diseases. During a very specific time interval in early life, the establishment of a stable microbiota in the large intestine is sufficient to prevent pathological events in adulthood towards a much larger bacterial community and provide tolerance towards diverse food antigens encountered later in life. The beneficial effects of the microbiome are mainly exerted by innate and adaptive cells that express the transcription factor RORγt, in whose generation, mediated by different bacterial metabolites, retinoic acid signalling plays a predominant role. In addition, recent investigations indicate that food antigens also contribute, analogously to microbial-derived signals, to educating innate immune cells and instructing the development and function of RORγt+ cells in the small intestine, complementing and expanding the tolerogenic effect of the microbiome in the colon. This review addresses the mechanisms through which microbiota-produced metabolites and dietary antigens maintain intestinal homeostasis, highlighting the complementarity and redundancy between their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Huang M, Shao H, Wang Z, Chen H, Li X. Specific and nonspecific nutritional interventions enhance the development of oral tolerance in food allergy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:10303-10318. [PMID: 37313721 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The goal of food allergy (FA) prevention and treatment is to induce oral tolerance (OT). Appropriate nutritional interventions are essential to induce OT to food allergens. This review introduces the mechanism of OT and the importance of early nutritional interventions, and then firstly summarizes specific nutritional factors to induce the development of OT of FA, including proteins, vitamins, fatty acids, saccharides and probiotics. The regulatory mechanism mainly induces the development of tolerance by increasing local or systemic protective regulatory T cells (Tregs) to suppress FA, while the gut microbiota may also be changed to maintain intestinal homeostasis. For allergens-specific OT, the disruption to the structure of proteins and epitopes is critical for the induction of tolerance by hydrolyzed and heated proteins. Vitamins (vitamin A, D), fatty acids, saccharides and probiotics as allergens nonspecific OT also induce the development of OT through immunomodulatory effects. This review contributes to our understanding of OT in FA through nutritional interventions. Nutritional interventions play an important role in the induction of OT, and offer promising approaches to reduce allergy risk and alleviate FA. Moreover, due to the importance and diversity of nutrition, it must be the future trend of induction of OT in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Huming Shao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
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6
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Firdessa-Fite R, Johnson SN, Leon MA, Sestak JO, Berkland C, Creusot RJ. Soluble antigen arrays improve the efficacy and safety of peptide-based tolerogenic immunotherapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539161. [PMID: 37205572 PMCID: PMC10187310 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Autoantigen-specific immunotherapy using peptides offers a more targeted approach to treat autoimmune diseases, but the limited in vivo stability and uptake of peptides impedes clinical implementation. We previously showed that multivalent delivery of peptides as soluble antigen arrays (SAgAs) efficiently protects against spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Here, we compared the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of SAgAs versus free peptides. SAgAs, but not their corresponding free peptides at equivalent doses, efficiently prevented the development of diabetes. SAgAs increased the frequency of regulatory T cells among peptide-specific T cells or induce their anergy/exhaustion or deletion, depending on the type of SAgA (hydrolysable (hSAgA) and non-hydrolysable 'click' SAgA (cSAgA)) and duration of treatment, whereas their corresponding free peptides induced a more effector phenotype following delayed clonal expansion. Moreover, the N-terminal modification of peptides with aminooxy or alkyne linkers, which was needed for grafting onto hyaluronic acid to make hSAgA or cSAgA variants, respectively, influenced their stimulatory potency and safety, with alkyne-functionalized peptides being more potent and less anaphylactogenic than aminooxy-functionalized peptides. Both SAgA variants significantly delayed anaphylaxis compared to their respective free peptides. The anaphylaxis, which occurred in NOD mice but not in C57BL/6 mice, was dose-dependent but did not correlate with the production of IgG1 or IgE against the peptides. We provide evidence that SAgAs significantly improve the efficacy and safety of peptide-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebuma Firdessa-Fite
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Stephanie N. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Martin A. Leon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Joshua O. Sestak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas,1530 West 15 Street, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Remi J. Creusot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032
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7
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Dawicki W, Huang H, Ma Y, Town J, Zhang X, Rudulier CD, Gordon JR. CD40 signaling augments IL-10 expression and the tolerogenicity of IL-10-induced regulatory dendritic cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248290. [PMID: 33793599 PMCID: PMC8016274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 expressed on stimulatory dendritic cells (DC) provides an important accessory signal for induction of effector T cell responses. It is also expressed at lower levels on regulatory DC (DCreg), but there is little evidence that CD40 signaling contributes to the tolerogenic activity of these cells. Indeed, CD40 silencing within DCreg has been reported to induce T cell tolerance in multiple disease models, suggesting that CD40 is superfluous to DC-induced tolerance. We critically assessed whether CD40 does have a role in tolerance induced by IL-10-differentiated DC (DC10) by using DC10 generating from the bone marrow of wild-type (w.t.) or CD40-/- donor mice, or IL-10-complemented CD40-/- DC10 to treat asthmatic mice. Wild-type DC10 ablated the OVA-asthma phenotype via induction of Foxp3+ Treg responses, but CD40-/- DC10 had no discernible effects on primary facets of the phenotype (e.g., IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 levels, IgE & IgG1 antibodies; p>0.05) and were ≤40% effective in reversal of others. Foxp3+ T cells from the lungs of CD40-/- DC10-treated mice expressed reduced levels of a panel of six Treg-specific activation markers relative to Treg from w.t. DC10-treated mice. Coculture with effector T cells from asthmatic mice induced a marked upregulation of cell surface CD40 on w.t. DC10. While untreated CD40-/- and w.t. DC10 secreted equally low levels of IL-10, stimulation of w.t. DC10 with anti-CD40 for 72 h increased their expression of IL-10 by ≈250%, with no parallel induction of IL-12. Complementing IL-10 expression in CD40-/- DC10 by IL-10 mRNA transfection fully restored the cells’ abilities to suppress the asthma phenotype. In summary, CD40 signaling in DC10 contributes importantly to their expression of IL-10 and to a robust induction of tolerance, including activation of induced Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Dawicki
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Yanna Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jennifer Town
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Chris D. Rudulier
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - John R. Gordon
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Ness S, Lin S, Gordon JR. Regulatory Dendritic Cells, T Cell Tolerance, and Dendritic Cell Therapy for Immunologic Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633436. [PMID: 33777019 PMCID: PMC7988082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells that can communicate with T cells both directly and indirectly, regulating our adaptive immune responses against environmental and self-antigens. Under some microenvironmental conditions DC develop into anti-inflammatory cells which can induce immunologic tolerance. A substantial body of literature has confirmed that in such settings regulatory DC (DCreg) induce T cell tolerance by suppression of effector T cells as well as by induction of regulatory T cells (Treg). Many in vitro studies have been undertaken with human DCreg which, as a surrogate marker of antigen-specific tolerogenic potential, only poorly activate allogeneic T cell responses. Fewer studies have addressed the abilities of, or mechanisms by which these human DCreg suppress autologous effector T cell responses and induce infectious tolerance-promoting Treg responses. Moreover, the agents and properties that render DC as tolerogenic are many and varied, as are the cells’ relative regulatory activities and mechanisms of action. Herein we review the most current human and, where gaps exist, murine DCreg literature that addresses the cellular and molecular biology of these cells. We also address the clinical relevance of human DCreg, highlighting the outcomes of pre-clinical mouse and non-human primate studies and early phase clinical trials that have been undertaken, as well as the impact of innate immune receptors and symbiotic microbial signaling on the immunobiology of DCreg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ness
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shiming Lin
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - John R Gordon
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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9
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Li C, Dawicki W, Zhang X, Rudulier C, Gordon JR. IL-10- and retinoic acid-induced regulatory dendritic cells are therapeutically equivalent in mouse models of asthma and food allergy. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Campbell E, Hesser LA, Nagler CR. B cells and the microbiota: a missing connection in food allergy. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:4-13. [PMID: 33106585 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are a major public health concern due to their widespread and rising prevalence. The increase in food allergy is partially due to Western lifestyle habits which deplete protective commensal microbiota. These microbial perturbations can result in adverse host-microbe interactions, altering the phenotype of various immune cells and instigating allergic sensitization. Although B cells are critical to allergic pathology, microbial influences on B cells have been somewhat overlooked. Here, we focus on direct and indirect interactions between bacteria and B cells and how such interactions regulate B-cell phenotype, namely antibody production (IgA, IgE, IgG1, and IgG4) and regulatory B-cell (Breg) function. Understanding how microbes modulate B-cell activity in the context of food allergies is critical to both tracing the development of disease and assessing future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Campbell
- Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren A Hesser
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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11
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Takasato Y, Kurashima Y, Kiuchi M, Hirahara K, Murasaki S, Arai F, Izawa K, Kaitani A, Shimada K, Saito Y, Toyoshima S, Nakamura M, Fujisawa K, Okayama Y, Kunisawa J, Kubo M, Takemura N, Uematsu S, Akira S, Kitaura J, Takahashi T, Nakayama T, Kiyono H. Orally desensitized mast cells form a regulatory network with Treg cells for the control of food allergy. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:640-651. [PMID: 33299086 PMCID: PMC8075951 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is an effective approach to controlling food allergy. Although the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of OIT are unknown currently, they must be understood to advance the treatment of allergic diseases in general. To elucidate the mechanisms of OIT, especially during the immunological transition from desensitization to allergy regulation, we generated a clinical OIT murine model and used it to examine immunological events of OIT. We found that in mice that completed OIT successfully, desensitized mast cells (MCs) showed functionally beneficial alterations, such as increased induction of regulatory cytokines and enhanced expansion of regulatory T cells. Importantly, these regulatory-T-cell-mediated inhibitions of allergic responses were dramatically decreased in mice lacking OIT-induced desensitized MC. Collectively, these findings show that the desensitization process modulates the activation of MCs, leading directly to enhanced induction of regulatory-T-cell expansion and promotion of clinical allergic unresponsiveness. Our results suggest that efficiently inducing regulatory MCs is a novel strategy for the treatment of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takasato
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Innovative Medicine and Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0956 USA ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.482562.fLaboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085 Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Sayuri Murasaki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan
| | - Fujimi Arai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan
| | - Kumi Izawa
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Ayako Kaitani
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Kaoru Shimada
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan
| | - Yukari Saito
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Innovative Medicine and Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Shota Toyoshima
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Allergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Allergy, Center for Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Miho Nakamura
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Kumiko Fujisawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Allergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Allergy, Center for Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan ,grid.482562.fLaboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085 Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan ,grid.143643.70000 0001 0660 6861Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, 278-0022 Japan
| | - Naoki Takemura
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Innovative Medicine and Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Innovative Medicine and Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInternational Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108–8639 Japan ,grid.261445.00000 0001 1009 6411Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585 Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mucosal Immunology, The University of Tokyo Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0956 USA ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergen immunotherapy is the only treatment modality which alters the natural course of allergic diseases by restoring immune tolerance against allergens. Deeper understanding of tolerance mechanisms will lead to the development of new vaccines, which target immune responses and promote tolerance. RECENT FINDINGS Successful allergen immunotherapy (AIT) induces allergen-specific peripheral tolerance, characterized mainly by the generation of allergen-specific Treg cells and reduction of Th2 cells. At the early phase, AIT leads to a decrease in the activity and degranulation of mast cells and basophils and a decrease in inflammatory responses of eosinophils in inflamed tissues. Treg cells show their effects by secreting inhibitory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor-β, interfering with cellular metabolisms, suppressing antigen presenting cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and by cytolysis. AIT induces the development of regulatory B cells producing IL-10 and B cells expressing allergen-specific IgG4. Recent investigations have demonstrated that AIT is also associated with the formation of ILC2reg and DCreg cells which contribute to tolerance induction. SUMMARY Research done so far, has shown that multiple molecular and cellular factors are dysregulated in allergic diseases and modified by AIT. Studies should now focus on finding the best target and ideal biomarkers to identify ideal candidates for AIT.
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13
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Maeta A, Matsushima M, Katahira R, Takahashi K. Retinoic Acid Ameliorates the Severity of Food Allergy under Allergen Exposure in a Mouse Model with Food Allergy. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 66:375-380. [PMID: 32863312 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Effectiveness of retinoic acid (RA) in treating food allergy is not yet clear. Using an allergic mouse model, we examined the amelioration of the severity of food allergy by daily RA intake with allergen or without. Female Balb/c mice were systemically sensitized to egg white (EW) and alum by intraperitoneal injection. Sensitized mice were provided diets supplemented with 0% (non-treated group), 0.1% EW (allergen group), 0.0017% RA (RA group), or 0.1% EW plus 0.0017% RA (RA+allergen group) with 20% casein for 4 wk. Oral food challenge (OFC) and allergic biomarkers were quantified. The decrease in rectal temperature post-OFC was significantly suppressed in the RA and RA+allergen groups compared to those in the non-treated and allergen groups, respectivety. The plasma levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE, IgA and IgG1 at the study endpoint were higher in the allergen and RA+allergen groups than those in the non-treated and RA+allergen groups, respectivety. Plasma ovalbumin-specific IgG2a levels at the study endpoint were significantly higher in the RA+allergen group than those in the RA groups. The supernatant concentrations of interleukin-10 and interferon-γ in the cultured spleen lymphocytes were highest in the RA+allergen group compared to those in the other groups. Thus, continuous intake of RA under allergen exposure ameliorated the severity of food allergy in a mouse model with food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Maeta
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Marin Matsushima
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Risako Katahira
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Kyoko Takahashi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University
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14
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Yuzuriha K, Yoshida A, Li S, Kishimura A, Mori T, Katayama Y. Synthesis of peptide conjugates with vitamins for induction of antigen-specific immunotolerance. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3275. [PMID: 32671962 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we designed conjugates of an antigen peptide with the immunosuppressive vitamins all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and vitamin D3 for efficient induction of antigen-specific immunotolerance. We established a synthetic scheme for the preparation of the peptide-vitamin conjugates, which the chemically unstable vitamins tolerated. Among the obtained conjugates, the ATRA conjugate successfully suppressed inflammatory effects in macrophages and dendritic cells and induced antigen presentation in dendritic cells. This synthetic method of conjugate is conceivably applicable to other antigen peptides for induction of antigen-specific immunotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yuzuriha
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yoshida
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shunyi Li
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Centre for Advanced Medicine Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, ROC, 32023, Taiwan
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15
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Alvaro-Lozano M, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Alviani C, Angier E, Arasi S, Arzt-Gradwohl L, Barber D, Bazire R, Cavkaytar O, Comberiati P, Dramburg S, Durham SR, Eifan AO, Forchert L, Halken S, Kirtland M, Kucuksezer UC, Layhadi JA, Matricardi PM, Muraro A, Ozdemir C, Pajno GB, Pfaar O, Potapova E, Riggioni C, Roberts G, Rodríguez Del Río P, Shamji MH, Sturm GJ, Vazquez-Ortiz M. EAACI Allergen Immunotherapy User's Guide. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31 Suppl 25:1-101. [PMID: 32436290 PMCID: PMC7317851 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of allergic children. The clinical efficiency relies on a well-defined immunologic mechanism promoting regulatory T cells and downplaying the immune response induced by allergens. Clinical indications have been well documented for respiratory allergy in the presence of rhinitis and/or allergic asthma, to pollens and dust mites. Patients who have had an anaphylactic reaction to hymenoptera venom are also good candidates for allergen immunotherapy. Administration of allergen is currently mostly either by subcutaneous injections or by sublingual administration. Both methods have been extensively studied and have pros and cons. Specifically in children, the choice of the method of administration according to the patient's profile is important. Although allergen immunotherapy is widely used, there is a need for improvement. More particularly, biomarkers for prediction of the success of the treatments are needed. The strength and efficiency of the immune response may also be boosted by the use of better adjuvants. Finally, novel formulations might be more efficient and might improve the patient's adherence to the treatment. This user's guide reviews current knowledge and aims to provide clinical guidance to healthcare professionals taking care of children undergoing allergen immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cherry Alviani
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Elisabeth Angier
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Pediatric Allergology Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's research Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa Arzt-Gradwohl
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Domingo Barber
- School of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.,RETIC ARADYAL RD16/0006/0015, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raphaëlle Bazire
- Allergy Department, Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús, ARADyAL RD16/0006/0026, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ozlem Cavkaytar
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stephanie Dramburg
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Aarif O Eifan
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Leandra Forchert
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Halken
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Max Kirtland
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Umut C Kucuksezer
- Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Janice A Layhadi
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonella Muraro
- The Referral Centre for Food Allergy Diagnosis and Treatment Veneto Region, Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cevdet Ozdemir
- Institute of Child Health, Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Potapova
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Riggioni
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Service, Institut de Reserca Sant Joan de Deú, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Graham Roberts
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine (MP803), Clinical & Experimental Sciences & Human Development in Health Academic Units University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Mohamed H Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Gunter J Sturm
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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16
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Martínez-Blanco M, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Ovalbumin-Derived Peptides Activate Retinoic Acid Signalling Pathways and Induce Regulatory Responses Through Toll-Like Receptor Interactions. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030831. [PMID: 32245005 PMCID: PMC7146383 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of a hydrolysate of ovalbumin with pepsin (OP) to preclude Th2-type immunity by the enhancement of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Through Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation, OP enhances the retinoic acid pathway on DCs by means of the induction of aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and it confers upon DC the ability to upregulate interleukin 10 (IL-10) as well as other tolerance-promoting mediators downstream of TRL signalling, such as IL-27, IL-33, Notch ligands, OX40L, and the transcription factors IRF4 and IRF8. OP-conditioned DCs induce the expansion of Foxp3+ and Tr1 cells in co-culture with CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, OP directly conditions CD4+ T cells from naïve mice, without the mediation of DCs, to express aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes and, in the presence of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and exogenous TGF-β, it enhances Foxp3 expression. It is noteworthy that, on CD4+ T cells isolated from egg-allergic mice, OP significantly enriches the levels of Foxp3+ and Foxp3+ RORγt+ CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, we show that food peptides may work, analogously to microbial-driven signals, through TLRs, to promote a tolerogenic phenotype on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, a property that is further enhanced in the context of a Th2 cytokine-rich environment.
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17
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Xu L, Xie R, Xie H, Ju J, Fu X, Di D, Peng M, Gao W, Zhang Y, Yu D, Liu J, Yang G, Liu Z, Liu ZG, Yang PC. Chimeric specific antigen epitope‐carrying dendritic cells induce interleukin‐17(+) regulatory T cells to suppress food allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 50:231-243. [PMID: 31715648 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling‐Zhi Xu
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province School of Clinical Medicine Weifang Medical University Weifang China
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen China
| | - Rui‐Di Xie
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen China
| | - Hai Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Affiliated Hospital to Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Ji‐Yu Ju
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province School of Clinical Medicine Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Xiao‐Yan Fu
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province School of Clinical Medicine Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Da‐Lin Di
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province School of Clinical Medicine Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Mei‐Yu Peng
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province School of Clinical Medicine Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province School of Clinical Medicine Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Yuan‐Yi Zhang
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen China
| | - Dian Yu
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen China
| | - Jiang‐Qi Liu
- Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute Shenzhen China
| | - Gui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Longgang Central Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Liu
- Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute Shenzhen China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen China
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology Shenzhen University School of Medicine Shenzhen China
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18
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Mechanisms of Subcutaneous and Sublingual Aeroallergen Immunotherapy: What Is New? Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2019; 40:1-14. [PMID: 31761112 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is considered to be the only treatment option with the promise of healing and induction of long-lasting allergen tolerance, persisting even after discontinuation of therapy. Despite a more than 100-year-long history, still only a minority of patients are being treated with AIT. Substantial developments took place in the last decade to overcome problems in standardization, efficacy, safety, high costs, long duration of treatment; and new guidelines have also been implemented. Major advancements in the understanding of AIT mechanisms with the focus on recent findings of subcutaneous and sublingual AIT have been summarized.
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19
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Ritprajak P, Kaewraemruaen C, Hirankarn N. Current Paradigms of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and Clinical Implications for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101291. [PMID: 31640263 PMCID: PMC6830089 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) are central players in the initiation and maintenance of immune tolerance and subsequent prevention of autoimmunity. Recent advances in treatment of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have focused on inducing specific tolerance to avoid long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs. Therefore, DC-targeted therapies to either suppress DC immunogenicity or to promote DC tolerogenicity are of high interest. This review describes details of the typical characteristics of in vivo and ex vivo tolDC, which will help to select a protocol that can generate tolDC with high functional quality for clinical treatment of autoimmune disease in individual patients. In addition, we discuss the recent studies uncovering metabolic pathways and their interrelation intertwined with DC tolerogenicity. This review also highlights the clinical implications of tolDC-based therapy for SLE treatment, examines the current clinical therapeutics in patients with SLE, which can generate tolDC in vivo, and further discusses on possibility and limitation on each strategy. This synthesis provides new perspectives on development of novel therapeutic approaches for SLE and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharee Ritprajak
- Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chamraj Kaewraemruaen
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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20
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Burks AW, Sampson HA, Plaut M, Lack G, Akdis CA. Treatment for food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 141:1-9. [PMID: 29307409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy is an increasing public health concern effecting millions of persons worldwide. The current standard of treatment is strict avoidance of the offending food or foods, and to date, there are no regulatory approved treatments for food allergy. A significant amount of research has been directed at various forms of food immunotherapy, including oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous delivery routes. Although oral immunotherapy has shown the greatest promise for efficacy in terms of the amount of protein that can be ingested, it has also demonstrated less tolerability and a less favorable safety profile compared with sublingual immunotherapy and epicutaneous immunotherapy, which offers the least protection but has the best safety and tolerability profile. Studies have been conducted with adding adjuvants and anti-IgE to enhance either the efficacy or safety of food immunotherapy. Multiple concepts of food immunotherapy beyond these first-generation treatments are in either animal or early phase 1 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Marshall Plaut
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Lozano‐Ojalvo D, Martínez‐Blanco M, Pérez‐Rodríguez L, Molina E, López‐Fandiño R. Oral Immunotherapy with Egg Peptides Induces Innate and Adaptive Tolerogenic Responses. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900144. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano‐Ojalvo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC‐UAM) Nicolás Cabrera 9 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez‐Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC‐UAM) Nicolás Cabrera 9 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Leticia Pérez‐Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC‐UAM) Nicolás Cabrera 9 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC‐UAM) Nicolás Cabrera 9 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Rosina López‐Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC‐UAM) Nicolás Cabrera 9 28049 Madrid Spain
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22
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Keet CA, Allen KJ. Advances in food allergy in 2017. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1719-1729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Vitales-Noyola M, Serrano-Somavilla A, Martínez-Hernández R, Sampedro-Nuñez M, Ramos-Levi AM, González-Amaro R, Marazuela M. Patients With Autoimmune Thyroiditis Show Diminished Levels and Defective Suppressive Function of Tr1 Regulatory Lymphocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3359-3367. [PMID: 29982465 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes (CD4+CD49+LAG-3+IL-10+) that exert a considerable immunosuppressive effect. However, their possible role in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has not been explored so far. PURPOSE To analyze the levels and function of Tr1 cells in peripheral blood and thyroid tissue of patients with AITD. DESIGN Cases and controls, observational study. SETTING Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain. PATIENTS Thirty-eight patients with AITD (23 with Graves disease and 15 with Hashimoto thyroiditis) and 26 controls. INTERVENTION Multiparametric flow cytometry and immunofluorescence techniques were used to analyze the levels in peripheral blood (n = 38) and thyroid mononuclear cells (n = 5). An in vitro assay of suppression of cellular activation and cytokine release was performed to study the function of Tr1 cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Levels and function of Tr1 cells in patients with AITD and controls. RESULTS Levels of Tr1 cells were significantly diminished in peripheral blood from patients with AITD. Functional studies showed that Tr1 cells from patients with AITD exhibit a diminished suppressive function compared with healthy controls. Tr1 levels were associated with disease severity, including longer duration of the disease and ophthalmopathy activity, and with autoantibody titers. CONCLUSIONS The low levels of Tr1 cells and their diminished function may have a relevant role in the defective immune-regulatory function characteristic of patients with AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Vitales-Noyola
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Services of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Services of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sampedro-Nuñez
- Services of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Ramos-Levi
- Services of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Services of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Larsen JM, Bøgh KL. Animal models of allergen-specific immunotherapy in food allergy: Overview and opportunities. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1255-1274. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Głobińska A, Boonpiyathad T, Satitsuksanoa P, Kleuskens M, van de Veen W, Sokolowska M, Akdis M. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy: Diverse mechanisms of immune tolerance to allergens. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:306-312. [PMID: 29966703 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy based on the recent publications and clinical trials. DATA SOURCES PubMed literature review. STUDY SELECTIONS In this review, we focus on diverse mechanisms of AIT and provide an insight into alternative routes of administration. Additionally, we review and discuss the most recent studies investigating potential biomarkers and highlight their role in clinical settings. RESULTS Successful allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) induces the reinstatement of tolerance toward allergens and represents a disease-modifying treatment. In the last decades, substantial progress in understanding the mechanisms of AIT has been achieved. Establishment of long-term clinical tolerance to allergens engages a complex network of interactions, modulating the functions of basophils, mast cells, allergen-specific regulatory T and B cells, and production of specific antibodies. The reduction of symptoms and clinical improvement is achieved by skewing the immune response away from allergic inflammation. CONCLUSION Although the complex nature of AIT mechanisms is becoming more clear, the need to discover reliable biomarkers to define patients likely to respond to the treatment is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Głobińska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Obere, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Tadech Boonpiyathad
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Obere, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Obere, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mirelle Kleuskens
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Obere, Davos, Switzerland; Wageningen University and Research, Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Obere, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Obere, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Obere, Davos, Switzerland.
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26
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Hufnagl K, Jensen-Jarolim E. Vitamin A and D in allergy: from experimental animal models and cellular studies to human disease. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-018-1579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Aguilera-Insunza R, Venegas LF, Iruretagoyena M, Rojas L, Borzutzky A. Role of dendritic cells in peanut allergy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:367-378. [PMID: 29681186 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1467757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of peanut allergy (PA) has increased, affecting approximately 1.1% of children in Western countries. PA causes life-threatening anaphylaxis and frequently persists for life. There are no standardized curative therapies for PA, and avoidance of peanuts remains the main therapeutic option. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of PA is essential to identify new treatment strategies. Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) are essential in the induction and maintenance of food tolerance because they present dietary allergens to T cells, thereby directing subsequent immune responses. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the factors related to the acquisition of oral tolerance to peanut proteins. We focus on intestinal DC-related aspects, including the latest advances in the biology of intestinal DC subtypes, effect of tolerance-inducing factors on DCs, effect of dietary components on oral tolerance, and role of DCs in peanut sensitization. Expert commentary: Given the increasing prevalence of PA, difficulty of avoiding peanut products, and the potentially serious accidental reactions, the development of novel therapies for PA is needed. The ability of DCs to trigger tolerance or immunity makes them an interesting target for new treatment strategies against PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Aguilera-Insunza
- a Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Luis F Venegas
- b Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Mirentxu Iruretagoyena
- a Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Leticia Rojas
- b Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Arturo Borzutzky
- b Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,c Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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Abstract
Advances in food allergy diagnosis, management, prevention, and therapeutic interventions have been significant over the past 2 decades. Evidence-based national and international guidelines have streamlined food allergy diagnosis and management, whereas paradigm-shifting work in primary prevention of peanut allergy has resulted in significant modifications in the approach to early food introduction in infants and toddlers. Innovative investigation of food allergy epidemiology, systems biology, effect, and management has provided important insights. Although active therapeutic approaches to food allergy remain experimental, progress toward licensed therapies has been substantial. Mechanistic understanding of the immunologic processes underlying food allergy and immunotherapy will inform the future design of therapeutic approaches targeting the food-induced allergic response. Global strategies to mitigate the substantial medical, economic, and psychosocial burden of food allergy in affected subjects and families will require engagement of stakeholders across multiple sectors in research, health care, public health, government, educational institutions, and industry. However, the relationship between the well-informed allergy care provider and the patient and family remains fundamental for optimizing the care of the patient with food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Scurlock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Ark
| | - Stacie M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Ark.
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29
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Vitamin A and D in allergy: from experimental animal models and cellular studies to human disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 27:72-78. [PMID: 29707474 PMCID: PMC5910477 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-018-0054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Vitamins A and D are able to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses and may therefore influence the development and the course of allergic diseases. Materials and methods This article reviews the current evidence for the experimental effects of vitamins A and D in vivo in animal models and on immune cells in vitro, and discusses their translational implication. A systematic literature search over the last 10 years was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed databases. Results Deficiencies of vitamin A or vitamin D in mouse models of allergic asthma seem to exacerbate allergic symptoms along with enhanced lung inflammation and Th2 cytokine production. In contrast, supplementation regimes especially with vitamin D were able to attenuate symptoms in therapeutic mouse models. The active metabolites retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) induced tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and up-regulated T‑regulatory cells in the allergic sensitization phase, which likely contributes to tolerance induction. Additionally, RA and VD3 maintained the stability of eosinophils and mast cells in the effector phase, thereby reducing allergic mediator release. Thus, both active vitamin metabolites RA and VD3 are able to influence allergic immune responses at several immunological sites. Conclusion Animal studies predict that vitamin A and D may also be attractive players in the control of allergy in humans. Whether these experimental observations can be translated to the human situation remains open, as results from clinical trials are controversial.
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30
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Ma Y, Dawicki W, Zhang X, Gordon JR. Contributions of direct versus indirect mechanisms for regulatory dendritic cell suppression of asthmatic allergen-specific IgG1 antibody responses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190414. [PMID: 29293622 PMCID: PMC5749789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-10-differentiated dendritic cells (DC10) can reverse the asthma phenotype in mice, but how they suppress the asthmatic B cell response is unclear. Herein we assessed the mechanism(s) by which DC10 and DC10-induced Treg affect IgG1 production in asthma. We observed a rapid decline in lung-resident OVA-specific IgG1-secreting B cells on cessation of airway allergen challenge, and intraperitoneal DC10 therapy did not amplify that (p>0.05). It did however increase the loss of IgG1-B cells from the bone marrow (by 45+/-7.2%; p≤0.01) and spleen (by 65+/-17.8%; p≤0.05) over 2 wk. Delivery of OVA-loaded DC10 directly into the airways of asthmatic mice decreased the lung IgG1 B cell response assessed 2 dy later by 33+/-9.7% (p≤0.01), while their co-culture with asthmatic lung cell suspensions reduced the numbers of IgG1-secreting cells by 56.5+/-9.7% (p≤0.01). This effect was dependent on the DC10 carrying intact allergen on their cell surface; DC10 that had phagocytosed and fully processed their allergen were unable to suppress B cell responses, although they did suppress asthmatic Th2 cell responses. We had shown that therapeutic delivery of DC10-induced Treg can effectively suppress asthmatic T and B cell (IgE and IgG1) responses; herein CD4+ cells or Treg from the lungs of DC10-treated OVA-asthmatic mice suppressed in vitro B cell IgG1 production by 52.2+/-8.7% (p≤0.001) or 44.6+/-12.2% (p≤0.05), respectively, but delivery of DC10-induced Treg directly into the airways of asthmatic mice had no discernible impact over 2 dy on the numbers of lung IgG1-secreting cells (p≥0.05). In summary, DC10 treatment down-regulates OVA-specific B cell responses of asthmatic mice. While DC10 that carry intact allergen on their cell surface can dampen this response, DC10-induced Treg are critical for full realization of this outcome. This suggests that infectious tolerance is an essential element in regulatory DC control of the B cell response in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Ma
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Wojciech Dawicki
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John R. Gordon
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
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31
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Shamji MH, Durham SR. Mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy for inhaled allergens and predictive biomarkers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1485-1498. [PMID: 29221580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy is effective in patients with IgE-dependent allergic rhinitis and asthma. When immunotherapy is given continuously for 3 years, there is persistent clinical benefit for several years after its discontinuation. This disease-modifying effect is both antigen-specific and antigen-driven. Clinical improvement is accompanied by decreases in numbers of effector cells in target organs, including mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Immunotherapy results in the production of blocking IgG/IgG4 antibodies that can inhibit IgE-dependent activation mediated through both high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils and low-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRII) on B cells. Suppression of TH2 immunity can occur as a consequence of either deletion or anergy of antigen-specific T cells; induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells; or immune deviation in favor of TH1 responses. It is not clear whether the altered long-term memory resides within the T-cell or the B-cell compartment. Recent data highlight the role of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells and "protective" antibodies that likely contribute to long-term tolerance. Understanding mechanisms underlying induction and persistence of tolerance should identify predictive biomarkers of clinical response and discover novel and more effective strategies for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
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32
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Seo GY, Lee JM, Jang YS, Kang SG, Yoon SI, Ko HJ, Lee GS, Park SR, Nagler CR, Kim PH. Mechanism underlying the suppressor activity of retinoic acid on IL4-induced IgE synthesis and its physiological implication. Cell Immunol 2017; 322:49-55. [PMID: 29042055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study extends an earlier report that retinoic acid (RA) down-regulates IgE Ab synthesis in vitro. Here, we show the suppressive activity of RA on IgE production in vivo and its underlying mechanisms. We found that RA down-regulated IgE class switching recombination (CSR) mainly through RA receptor α (RARα). Additionally, RA inhibited histone acetylation of germ-line ε (GL ε) promoter, leading to suppression of IgE CSR. Consistently, serum IgE levels were substantially elevated in vitamin A-deficient (VAD) mice and this was more dramatic in VAD-lecithin:retinol acyltransferase deficient (LRAT-/-) mice. Further, serum mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) level was elevated while frequency of intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs) were diminished in VAD LRAT-/- mice, reflecting that deprivation of RA leads to allergic immune response. Taken together, our results reveal that RA has an IgE-repressive activity in vivo, which may ameliorate IgE-mediated allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Seo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, R120, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Saeng Jang
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, R120, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Chen M, Land M. The current state of food allergy therapeutics. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2434-2442. [PMID: 28846472 PMCID: PMC5647972 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1359363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of IgE mediated food allergy is an increasing public health concern. The current standard of treatment is strict avoidance of the offending food(s). There are no FDA approved treatments for food allergy. This review will provide an overview of strategies currently under investigation for the treatment of food allergy. The main focus of research has been directed at various forms of immunotherapy, including oral, sublingual and epicutaneous delivery routes. While oral immunotherapy (OIT) has shown the greatest promise for efficacy in terms of amount of protein that can be ingested, it has also demonstrated less tolerability and a less favorable safety profile as compared to sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT), which offers the least protection but has the best safety and tolerability profile. Investigation is also underway for modified antigens that may be used for immunotherapy and for adjuncts that may help facilitate immunotherapy, including biologics such as anti-IgE therapy, and also probiotics. There are also a number of preclinical concepts that are being evaluated to manipulate the antigens and/or the immune system that may one day be translatable to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy/Immunology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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van de Veen W, Wirz OF, Globinska A, Akdis M. Novel mechanisms in immune tolerance to allergens during natural allergen exposure and allergen-specific immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 48:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Advances and highlights in allergen immunotherapy: On the way to sustained clinical and immunologic tolerance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1250-1267. [PMID: 28941667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective treatment strategy for allergic diseases and has been used for more than 100 years. In recent years, however, the expectations on concepts, conduct, statistical evaluation, and reporting have developed significantly. Products have undergone dose-response and confirmative studies in adults and children to provide evidence for the optimal dosage, safety, and efficacy of AIT vaccines using subcutaneous and sublingual delivery pathways in large patient cohorts, ensuring solid conclusions to be drawn from them for the advantage of patients and societies alike. Those standards should be followed today, and products answering to them should be preferred over others lacking optimization and proof of efficacy and safety. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of AIT include early mast cell and basophil desensitization effects, regulation of T- and B-cell responses, regulation of IgE and IgG4 production, and inhibition of responses from eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils in the affected tissues. There were many developments to improve vaccination strategies, demonstration of new molecules involved in molecular mechanisms, and demonstration of new biomarkers for AIT during the last few years. The combination of probiotics, vitamins, and biological agents with AIT is highlighting current advances. Development of allergoids and recombinant and hypoallergenic vaccines to skew the immune response from IgE to IgG4 and regulation of dendritic cell, mast cell, basophil, innate lymphoid cell, T-cell, and B-cell responses to allergens are also discussed in detail.
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