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Ichiyama K, Long J, Kobayashi Y, Horita Y, Kinoshita T, Nakamura Y, Kominami C, Georgopoulos K, Sakaguchi S. Transcription factor Ikzf1 associates with Foxp3 to repress gene expression in Treg cells and limit autoimmunity and anti-tumor immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:2043-2060.e10. [PMID: 39111316 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The master transcription factor of regulatory T (Treg) cells, forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3), controls Treg cell function by targeting certain genes for activation or repression, but the specific mechanisms by which it mediates this activation or repression under different conditions remain unclear. We found that Ikzf1 associates with Foxp3 via its exon 5 (IkE5) and that IkE5-deficient Treg cells highly expressed genes that would otherwise be repressed by Foxp3 upon T cell receptor stimulation, including Ifng. Treg-specific IkE5-deletion caused interferon-γ (IFN-γ) overproduction, which destabilized Foxp3 expression and impaired Treg suppressive function, leading to systemic autoimmune disease and strong anti-tumor immunity. Pomalidomide, which degrades IKZF1 and IKZF3, induced IFN-γ overproduction in human Treg cells. Mechanistically, the Foxp3-Ikzf1-Ikzf3 complex competed with epigenetic co-activators, such as p300, for binding to target gene loci via chromatin remodeling. Therefore, the Ikzf1 association with Foxp3 is essential for the gene-repressive function of Foxp3 and could be exploited to treat autoimmune disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ichiyama
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Jia Long
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Innovations, Osaka Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Horita
- Joint Research Chair of Immune-therapeutic Drug Discovery, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Research Management, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kinoshita
- Joint Research Chair of Immune-therapeutic Drug Discovery, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Research Management, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yamami Nakamura
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chizuko Kominami
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katia Georgopoulos
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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2
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Duran I, Banerjee A, Flaherty PJ, Que YA, Ryan CM, Rahme LG, Tsurumi A. Development of a biomarker prediction model for post-trauma multiple organ failure/dysfunction syndrome based on the blood transcriptome. Ann Intensive Care 2024; 14:134. [PMID: 39198331 PMCID: PMC11358370 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-024-01364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple organ failure/dysfunction syndrome (MOF/MODS) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity among severe trauma patients. Current clinical practices entail monitoring physiological measurements and applying clinical score systems to diagnose its onset. Instead, we aimed to develop an early prediction model for MOF outcome evaluated soon after traumatic injury by performing machine learning analysis of genome-wide transcriptome data from blood samples drawn within 24 h of traumatic injury. We then compared its performance to baseline injury severity scores and detection of infections. METHODS Buffy coat transcriptome and linked clinical datasets from blunt trauma patients from the Inflammation and the Host Response to Injury Study ("Glue Grant") multi-center cohort were used. According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 141 adult (age ≥ 16 years old) blunt trauma patients (excluding penetrating) with early buffy coat (≤ 24 h since trauma injury) samples were analyzed, with 58 MOF-cases and 83 non-cases. We applied the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms to select features and develop models for MOF early outcome prediction. RESULTS The LASSO model included 18 transcripts (AUROC [95% CI]: 0.938 [0.890-0.987] (training) and 0.833 [0.699-0.967] (test)), and the XGBoost model included 41 transcripts (0.999 [0.997-1.000] (training) and 0.907 [0.816-0.998] (test)). There were 16 overlapping transcripts comparing the two panels (0.935 [0.884-0.985] (training) and 0.836 [0.703-0.968] (test)). The biomarker models notably outperformed models based on injury severity scores and sex, which we found to be significantly associated with MOF (APACHEII + sex-0.649 [0.537-0.762] (training) and 0.493 [0.301-0.685] (test); ISS + sex-0.630 [0.516-0.744] (training) and 0.482 [0.293-0.670] (test); NISS + sex-0.651 [0.540-0.763] (training) and 0.525 [0.335-0.714] (test)). CONCLUSIONS The accurate assessment of MOF from blood samples immediately after trauma is expected to aid in improving clinical decision-making and may contribute to reduced morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Moreover, understanding the molecular mechanisms involving the transcripts identified as important for MOF prediction may eventually aid in developing novel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Duran
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom St., Their 340, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ankita Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom St., Their 340, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Patrick J Flaherty
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yok-Ai Que
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colleen M Ryan
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom St., Their 340, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston®, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Laurence G Rahme
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom St., Their 340, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston®, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amy Tsurumi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom St., Their 340, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston®, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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3
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Wang Q, Kim T, Martínez-Bonet M, Aguiar VRC, Sim S, Cui J, Sparks JA, Chen X, Todd M, Wauford B, Marion MC, Langefeld CD, Weirauch MT, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Nigrovic PA. High-throughput identification of functional regulatory SNPs in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6804. [PMID: 39122710 PMCID: PMC11315931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies implicate multiple loci in risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but few contain exonic variants, rendering systematic identification of non-coding variants essential to decoding SLE genetics. We utilized SNP-seq and bioinformatic enrichment to interrogate 2180 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 87 SLE risk loci for potential binding of transcription factors and related proteins from B cells. 52 SNPs that passed initial screening were tested by electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays. To validate the approach, we studied rs2297550 in detail, finding that the risk allele enhanced binding to the transcription factor Ikaros (encoded by IKZF1), thereby modulating expression of IKBKE. Correspondingly, primary cells from genotyped healthy donors bearing the risk allele expressed higher levels of the interferon / NF-κB regulator IKKε. Together, these findings define a set of likely functional non-coding lupus risk variants and identify a regulatory pathway involving rs2297550, Ikaros, and IKKε implicated by human genetics in risk for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taehyeung Kim
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta Martínez-Bonet
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Immune-regulation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vitor R C Aguiar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sangwan Sim
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Cui
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center of Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marc Todd
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Wauford
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miranda C Marion
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center of Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Biomedical Informatics, and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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David C, Arango-Franco CA, Badonyi M, Fouchet J, Rice GI, Didry-Barca B, Maisonneuve L, Seabra L, Kechiche R, Masson C, Cobat A, Abel L, Talouarn E, Béziat V, Deswarte C, Livingstone K, Paul C, Malik G, Ross A, Adam J, Walsh J, Kumar S, Bonnet D, Bodemer C, Bader-Meunier B, Marsh JA, Casanova JL, Crow YJ, Manoury B, Frémond ML, Bohlen J, Lepelley A. Gain-of-function human UNC93B1 variants cause systemic lupus erythematosus and chilblain lupus. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232066. [PMID: 38869500 PMCID: PMC11176256 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
UNC93B1 is a transmembrane domain protein mediating the signaling of endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We report five families harboring rare missense substitutions (I317M, G325C, L330R, R466S, and R525P) in UNC93B1 causing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or chilblain lupus (CBL) as either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive traits. As for a D34A mutation causing murine lupus, we recorded a gain of TLR7 and, to a lesser extent, TLR8 activity with the I317M (in vitro) and G325C (in vitro and ex vivo) variants in the context of SLE. Contrastingly, in three families segregating CBL, the L330R, R466S, and R525P variants were isomorphic with respect to TLR7 activity in vitro and, for R525P, ex vivo. Rather, these variants demonstrated a gain of TLR8 activity. We observed enhanced interaction of the G325C, L330R, and R466S variants with TLR8, but not the R525P substitution, indicating different disease mechanisms. Overall, these observations suggest that UNC93B1 mutations cause monogenic SLE or CBL due to differentially enhanced TLR7 and TLR8 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence David
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Carlos A. Arango-Franco
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Group of Primary Immunodeficiencies, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mihaly Badonyi
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julien Fouchet
- Faculté de Médecine Necker, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gillian I. Rice
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Blaise Didry-Barca
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Maisonneuve
- Faculté de Médecine Necker, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Luis Seabra
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Robin Kechiche
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance publique–hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Cécile Masson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Université Paris Cité-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Talouarn
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Katie Livingstone
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carle Paul
- Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Gulshan Malik
- Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alison Ross
- Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jane Adam
- Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jo Walsh
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Medical and Surgical Unit of Congenital and Paediatric Cardiology, Reference Centre for Complex Congenital Heart Defects—M3C, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP. Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bader-Meunier
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance publique–hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Centre for Inflammatory Rheumatism, AutoImmune Diseases and Systemic Interferonopathies in Children (RAISE), Paris, France
| | - Joseph A. Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Yanick J. Crow
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Manoury
- Faculté de Médecine Necker, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Louise Frémond
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance publique–hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Centre for Inflammatory Rheumatism, AutoImmune Diseases and Systemic Interferonopathies in Children (RAISE), Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Bohlen
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alice Lepelley
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
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Stojkic I, Prince BT, Kuehn HS, Gil Silva AA, Varga EA, Rosenzweig SD, Ramadesikan S, Supinger R, Marhabaie M, Chang P, Mardis ER, Koboldt DC. A novel IKZF1 variant in a family with autosomal dominant CVID: A case for expanding exon coverage in inborn errors of immunity. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110244. [PMID: 38734037 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by varying degrees of hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections, and autoimmunity. Currently, pathogenic variants are identified in approximately 20-30% of CVID cases. Here we report a 3-generation family with autosomal dominant Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) diagnosed in 9 affected individuals. Although primary immune deficiency panels and exome sequencing were non-diagnostic, whole genome sequencing revealed a novel, pathogenic c.499C > T: p.His167Tyr variant in IKZF1, a critical regulator of B cell development. Functional testing done through pericentromeric heterochromatin localization and light shift chemiluminescent electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed the variant's deleterious effect via a haploinsufficiency mechanism. Our findings expand the spectrum of known IKZF1 mutations and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of CVID's genetic heterogeneity. Furthermore, this case underscores the importance of considering whole genome sequencing for comprehensive genetic diagnosis when concern for a monogenic inborn errors of immunity is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stojkic
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Benjamin T Prince
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agustin A Gil Silva
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Varga
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Swetha Ramadesikan
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Rachel Supinger
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Mohammad Marhabaie
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Peter Chang
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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6
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Guirguis J, Iosim S, Jones D, Likhite M, Chen F, Kesserwan C, Gindin T, Kahn PJ, Beck D, Oza VS, Hillier K. Neutrophilic dermatosis in a patient with an IKZF1 variant and a review of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders presenting with neutrophilic dermatoses. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:707-713. [PMID: 38413050 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Monogenic diseases of immune dysregulation should be considered in the evaluation of children presenting with recurrent neutrophilic dermatoses in association with systemic signs of inflammation, autoimmune disease, hematologic abnormalities, and opportunistic or recurrent infections. We report the case of a 2-year-old boy presenting with a neutrophilic dermatosis, found to have a novel likely pathogenic germline variant of the IKAROS Family Zinc Finger 1 (IKZF1) gene; the mutation likely results in a loss of function dimerization defective protein based on reports and studies of similar variants. IKZF1 variants could potentially lead to aberrant neutrophil chemotaxis and development of neutrophilic dermatoses. Long-term surveillance is required to monitor the development of hematologic malignancy, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and infection in patients with pathogenic IKZF1 germline variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Guirguis
- Department of Dermatology, The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sonia Iosim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Derek Jones
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maryel Likhite
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chimene Kesserwan
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tatyana Gindin
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip J Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Beck
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vikash S Oza
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kirsty Hillier
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Hoshino A, Picard BH, Polychronopoulou S, Kelaidi C, Azarnoush S, Kracker S, Rieux-Laucat F, Boutboul D, Latour S. Loss-of-phosphorylation of IKZF1 results in gain-of-function associated with immune dysregulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:229-236.e2. [PMID: 38438084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysregulation often presents as autoimmunity, inflammation, and/or lymphoproliferation. Several germline genetic defects have been associated with immune dysregulation; they include heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in IKZF1, an essential transcription factor for hematopoiesis containing zinc finger domains (ZFs). However, in a large percentage of patients, the genetic origin of their immunedysregulation remains undetermined. OBJECTIVE A family with 2 members presenting immune dysregulation signs was studied to identify the genetic cause of their disease. METHODS Whole exome sequencing, analysis of immunologic parameters, and functional assays (including Western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay during the cell cycle, and TH cell differentiation) were performed. RESULTS The 2 patients carried a novel heterozygous mutation in IKZF1 (IKZF1T398M). IKZF1 heterozygous mutations have previously been shown to be responsible for several distinct human immunologic diseases by directly affecting the ability of ZFs to bind to DNA or to dimerize. Herein, we showed that the IKZF1T398M, which is outside the ZFs, caused impaired phosphorylation of IKZF1, resulting in enhanced DNA-binding ability at the S phase of the cell cycle, reduction of the G1-S phase transition, and decreased proliferation. Confirming these data, similar functional alterations were observed with IKZF1T398A, but not with IKZF1T398D, mimicking dephosphorylation and phosphorylation, respectively. In T lymphocytes, expression of IKZF1T398M led to TH cell differentiation skewed toward TH2 cells. Thus, our data indicate that IKZF1T398M behaves as a GOF variant underlying immune dysregulation. CONCLUSION Disturbed IKZF1 phosphorylation represents a novel GOF mechanism (GOF by loss of phosphorylation (termed as GOF-LOP) associated with immune dysregulation, highlighting the regulatory role of IKZF1 during cell cycle progression through phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hoshino
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Heid Picard
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophia Polychronopoulou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Goudi-Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charikleia Kelaidi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Goudi-Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saba Azarnoush
- Department of Pediatric Immuno-Hematology, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sven Kracker
- Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmunity, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - David Boutboul
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
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8
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Garcia C, Miller-Awe MD, Witkowski MT. Concepts in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia pathogenesis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:18-32. [PMID: 38243586 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) arises from genetic alterations impacting B cell progenitors, ultimately leading to clinically overt disease. Extensive collaborative efforts in basic and clinical research have significantly improved patient prognoses. Nevertheless, a subset of patients demonstrate resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic approaches and emerging immunotherapeutic interventions. This review highlights the mechanistic underpinnings governing B-ALL transformation. Beginning with exploring normative B cell lymphopoiesis, we delineate the influence of recurrent germline and somatic genetic aberrations on the perturbation of B cell progenitor differentiation and protumorigenic signaling, thereby facilitating the neoplastic transformation underlying B-ALL progression. Additionally, we highlight recent advances in the multifaceted landscape of B-ALL, encompassing metabolic reprogramming, microbiome influences, inflammation, and the discernible impact of socioeconomic and racial disparities on B-ALL transformation and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Megan D Miller-Awe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Matthew T Witkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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9
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Yamashita M, Morio T. AIOLOS-Associated Inborn Errors of Immunity. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:128. [PMID: 38773004 PMCID: PMC11108880 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
AIOLOS, encoded by the IKZF3 gene, belongs to the Ikaros zinc finger transcription factor family and plays a pivotal role in regulating lymphocyte development. Recently, heterozygous missense loss-of-function variants within the DNA-binding domain of the IKZF3 gene (G159R, N160S, and G191R) have been identified in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Additionally, a missense and a truncating variant (E82K and Q402X) leading to the AIOLOS haploinsufficiency have been documented. The majority of individuals with AIOLOS-associated IEI manifest recurrent sinopulmonary infections, as well as various bacterial and viral infections. The patients carrying the AIOLOSN160S variant exhibit severe immunodeficient phenotypes. In contrast, patients harboring AIOLOS haploinsufficient variants predominantly present with clinical phenotypes associated with immune dysregulation. A varying degree of B-lymphopenia and hypoimmunoglobulinemia was noted in approximately half of the patients. Mouse models of AIOLOSG159R and AIOLOSN160S variants (AiolosG158R and AiolosN159S in mice, respectively) recapitulated most of the immune abnormalities observed in the patients. Among these models, AiolosG158R mice prominently exhibited defects in early B cell differentiation resulting from mutant Aiolos interfering with Ikaros function through heterodimer formation. In contrast, AiolosN159S mice did not manifest early B cell differentiation defects. However, they displayed a distinct immune abnormality characterized by impaired induction of CD62L expression in lymphocytes, which is likely attributable to dysfunction of Ikaros, leading to defective lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes. Considering the diverse clinical phenotypes observed in the reported cases and the distinct molecular pathogenesis associated with each variant, further studies with more patients with AIOLOS-associated IEI would contribute to a better understanding of the clinical spectrum and underlying molecular mechanisms associated with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Yamashita
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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10
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Strauss T, Körholz J, Kuehn HS, Gil Silva AA, Taube F, Trautmann-Grill K, Stittrich A, Pietzsch L, Wiedemuth R, Wahn V, von Bernuth H, Rosenzweig SD, Fasshauer M, Krüger R, Schuetz C. IKAROS-how many feathers have you lost: mild and severe phenotypes in IKZF1 deficiency. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1345730. [PMID: 38813543 PMCID: PMC11135284 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1345730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous germline variants in human IKZF1 encoding for IKAROS define an inborn error of immunity with immunodeficiency, immune dysregulation and risk of malignancy with a broad phenotypic spectrum. Growing evidence of underlying pathophysiological genotype-phenotype correlations helps to improve our understanding of IKAROS-associated diseases. We describe 6 patients from 4 kindreds with two novel IKZF1 variants leading to haploinsufficiency from 3 centers in Germany. We also provide an overview of first symptoms to a final diagnosis including data from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timmy Strauss
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies (UCID), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Körholz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies (UCID), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Agustin A. Gil Silva
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Franziska Taube
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies (UCID), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karolin Trautmann-Grill
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Stittrich
- Department of Human Genetics, Labor Berlin Charité-Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonora Pietzsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies (UCID), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies (UCID), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Wahn
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology, and Critical Care Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Horst von Bernuth
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology, and Critical Care Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio D. Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maria Fasshauer
- ImmunoDeficiencyCenter Leipzig (IDCL), Hospital St. Georg GGmbH Leipzig, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Renate Krüger
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology, and Critical Care Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies (UCID), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Qin Y, Ma J, Vinuesa CG. Monogenic lupus: insights into disease pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024; 36:191-200. [PMID: 38420886 PMCID: PMC7616038 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to provide an overview of the genes and molecular pathways involved in monogenic lupus, the implications for genome diagnosis, and the potential therapies targeting these molecular mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS To date, more than 30 genes have been identified as contributors to monogenic lupus. These genes are primarily related to complement deficiency, activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, disruption of B-cell and T-cell tolerance and metabolic pathways, which reveal the multifaceted nature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. SUMMARY In-depth study of the causes of monogenic lupus can provide valuable insights into of pathogenic mechanisms of SLE, facilitate the identification of effective biomarkers, and aid in developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Qin
- China Australia Centre for Personalized Immunology (CACPI), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyang Ma
- China Australia Centre for Personalized Immunology (CACPI), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Carola G. Vinuesa
- China Australia Centre for Personalized Immunology (CACPI), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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12
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Nigrovic PA, Wang Q, Kim T, Martinez-Bonet M, Aguiar VRC, Sim S, Cui J, Sparks JA, Chen X, Todd M, Wauford B, Marion MC, Langefeld CD, Weirauch MT, Gutierrez-Arcelus M. High-throughput identification of functional regulatory SNPs in systemic lupus erythematosus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.16.553538. [PMID: 37645953 PMCID: PMC10462027 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies implicate multiple loci in risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but few contain exonic variants, rendering systematic identification of non-coding variants essential to decoding SLE genetics. We utilized SNP-seq and bioinformatic enrichment to interrogate 2180 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 87 SLE risk loci for potential binding of transcription factors and related proteins from B cells. 52 SNPs that passed initial screening were tested by electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays. To validate the approach, we studied rs2297550 in detail, finding that the risk allele enhanced binding to the transcription factor Ikaros (IKZF1), thereby modulating expression of IKBKE. Correspondingly, primary cells from genotyped healthy donors bearing the risk allele expressed higher levels of the interferon / NF-κB regulator IKKϵ. Together, these findings define a set of likely functional non-coding lupus risk variants and identify a new regulatory pathway involving rs2297550, Ikaros, and IKKϵ implicated by human genetics in risk for SLE.
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13
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Klangkalya N, Stoddard J, Niemela J, Sponaugle J, Greenwell IB, Reigh E, Kuehn HS, Kanakry JA, Rosenzweig SD, Dimitrova D. IKAROS gain of function disease: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation experience and expanded clinical phenotypes. Clin Immunol 2024; 260:109922. [PMID: 38320737 PMCID: PMC10923168 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
IKAROS, encoded by IKZF1, is a tumor suppressor and a key hematopoietic transcription factor responsible for lymphoid and myeloid differentiation. IKZF1 mutations result in inborn errors of immunity presenting with increased susceptibility to infections, immune dysregulation, and malignancies. In particular, patients carrying IKZF1 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations mostly exhibit symptoms of immune dysregulation and polyclonal plasma cell proliferation. Herein, we describe seven new IKAROS GOF cases from two unrelated families, presenting with novel infectious, immune dysregulation and hematologic diseases. Two of the patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) due to poorly responsive complications. HCT was well-tolerated achieving full engraftment in both patients receiving reduced intensity, matched unrelated donor grafts, with no severe acute or chronic graft-vs-host-disease, and in remission from their diseases 2.5 and 4 years post-HCT, respectively. These results suggest that HCT is a valid and curative option in patients with IKAROS GOF disease and severe clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natchanun Klangkalya
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jennifer Stoddard
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Niemela
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Sponaugle
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irl Brian Greenwell
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center of the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Erin Reigh
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kanakry
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Dimana Dimitrova
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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14
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Kastner P, Chan S. IKAROS Family Transcription Factors in Lymphocyte Differentiation and Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:33-52. [PMID: 39017838 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The IKAROS family of transcription factors comprises four zinc-finger proteins (IKAROS, HELIOS, AIOLOS, and EOS), which over the last decades have been established to be critical regulators of the development and function of lymphoid cells. These factors act as homo- or heterodimers and are involved both in gene activation and repression. Their function often involves cross-talk with other regulatory circuits, such as the JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and NOTCH pathways. They control lymphocyte differentiation at multiple stages and are notably critical for lymphoid commitment in multipotent hematopoietic progenitors and for T and B cell differentiation downstream of pre-TCR and pre-BCR signaling. They also control many aspects of effector functions in mature B and T cells. They are dysregulated or mutated in multiple pathologies affecting the lymphoid system, which range from leukemia to immunodeficiencies. In this chapter, we review the molecular and physiological function of these factors in lymphocytes and their implications in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Kastner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Susan Chan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
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15
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Guess R, Harocopos G, Bednarski JJ, Hassmann LM, Bigley TM. Pediatric Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma as a Novel Phenotype of IKAROS Gain of Function. J Clin Immunol 2023; 44:19. [PMID: 38129715 PMCID: PMC10739487 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Guess
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - George Harocopos
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Bednarski
- Division or Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lynn M Hassmann
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tarin M Bigley
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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16
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Trujillo-Ochoa JL, Kazemian M, Afzali B. The role of transcription factors in shaping regulatory T cell identity. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:842-856. [PMID: 37336954 PMCID: PMC10893967 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein 3-expressing (FOXP3+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) suppress conventional T cells and are essential for immunological tolerance. FOXP3, the master transcription factor of Treg cells, controls the expression of multiples genes to guide Treg cell differentiation and function. However, only a small fraction (<10%) of Treg cell-associated genes are directly bound by FOXP3, and FOXP3 alone is insufficient to fully specify the Treg cell programme, indicating a role for other accessory transcription factors operating upstream, downstream and/or concurrently with FOXP3 to direct Treg cell specification and specialized functions. Indeed, the heterogeneity of Treg cells can be at least partially attributed to differential expression of transcription factors that fine-tune their trafficking, survival and functional properties, some of which are niche-specific. In this Review, we discuss the emerging roles of accessory transcription factors in controlling Treg cell identity. We specifically focus on members of the basic helix-loop-helix family (AHR), basic leucine zipper family (BACH2, NFIL3 and BATF), CUT homeobox family (SATB1), zinc-finger domain family (BLIMP1, Ikaros and BCL-11B) and interferon regulatory factor family (IRF4), as well as lineage-defining transcription factors (T-bet, GATA3, RORγt and BCL-6). Understanding the imprinting of Treg cell identity and specialized function will be key to unravelling basic mechanisms of autoimmunity and identifying novel targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Trujillo-Ochoa
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Sin JH, Sucharov J, Kashyap S, Wang Y, Proekt I, Liu X, Parent AV, Gupta A, Kastner P, Chan S, Gardner JM, Ntranos V, Miller CN, Anderson MS, Schjerven H, Waterfield MR. Ikaros is a principal regulator of Aire + mTEC homeostasis, thymic mimetic cell diversity, and central tolerance. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabq3109. [PMID: 37889983 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the zinc-finger transcription factor Ikaros (IKZF1) are found in patients with immunodeficiency, leukemia, and autoimmunity. Although Ikaros has a well-established function in modulating gene expression programs important for hematopoietic development, its role in other cell types is less well defined. Here, we uncover functions for Ikaros in thymic epithelial lineage development in mice and show that Ikzf1 expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) is required for both autoimmune regulator-positive (Aire+) mTEC development and tissue-specific antigen (TSA) gene expression. Accordingly, TEC-specific deletion of Ikzf1 in mice results in a profound decrease in Aire+ mTECs, a global loss of TSA gene expression, and the development of autoimmunity. Moreover, Ikaros shapes thymic mimetic cell diversity, and its deletion results in a marked expansion of thymic tuft cells and muscle-like mTECs and a loss of other Aire-dependent mimetic populations. Single-cell analysis reveals that Ikaros modulates core transcriptional programs in TECs that correlate with the observed cellular changes. Our findings highlight a previously undescribed role for Ikaros in regulating epithelial lineage development and function and suggest that failed thymic central tolerance could contribute to the autoimmunity seen in humans with IKZF1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyung Sin
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juliana Sucharov
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sujit Kashyap
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Irina Proekt
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xian Liu
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Gupta
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Kastner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U 1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Susan Chan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U 1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - James M Gardner
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vasilis Ntranos
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Corey N Miller
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hilde Schjerven
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Waterfield
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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18
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Fan W, Wang X, Zeng S, Li N, Wang G, Li R, He S, Li W, Huang J, Li X, Liu J, Hou S. Global lactylome reveals lactylation-dependent mechanisms underlying T H17 differentiation in experimental autoimmune uveitis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh4655. [PMID: 37851814 PMCID: PMC10584346 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of CD4+ T cell differentiation is linked to autoimmune diseases. Metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and accumulation of lactate are involved in this process. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our study showed that lactate-derived lactylation regulated CD4+ T cell differentiation. Lactylation levels in CD4+ T cells increased with the progression of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Inhibition of lactylation suppressed TH17 differentiation and attenuated EAU inflammation. The global lactylome revealed the landscape of lactylated sites and proteins in the CD4+ T cells of normal and EAU mice. Specifically, hyperlactylation of Ikzf1 at Lys164 promoted TH17 differentiation by directly modulating the expression of TH17-related genes, including Runx1, Tlr4, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-4. Delactylation of Ikzf1 at Lys164 impaired TH17 differentiation. These findings exemplify how glycolysis regulates the site specificity of protein lactylation to promote TH17 differentiation and implicate Ikzf1 lactylation as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuhao Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyuan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingran Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
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19
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Bloom M, Oak N, Baskin-Doerfler R, Feng R, Iacobucci I, Baviskar P, Zhao X, Stroh AN, Li C, Ozark P, Tillman HS, Li Y, Verbist KC, Albeituni S, Scott DC, King MT, McKinney-Freeman SL, Weiss MJ, Yang JJ, Nichols KE. ETV6 represses inflammatory response genes and regulates HSPC function during stress hematopoiesis in mice. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5608-5623. [PMID: 37522715 PMCID: PMC10514086 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ETS variant 6 (ETV6) encodes a transcriptional repressor expressed in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), where it is required for adult hematopoiesis. Heterozygous pathogenic germline ETV6 variants are associated with thrombocytopenia 5 (T5), a poorly understood genetic condition resulting in thrombocytopenia and predisposition to hematologic malignancies. To elucidate how germline ETV6 variants affect HSPCs and contribute to disease, we generated a mouse model harboring an Etv6R355X loss-of-function variant, equivalent to the T5-associated variant ETV6R359X. Under homeostatic conditions, all HSPC subpopulations are present in the bone marrow (BM) of Etv6R355X/+ mice; however, these animals display shifts in the proportions and/or numbers of progenitor subtypes. To examine whether the Etv6R355X/+ mutation affects HSPC function, we performed serial competitive transplantation and observed that Etv6R355X/+ lineage-sca1+cKit+ (LSK) cells exhibit impaired reconstitution, with near complete failure to repopulate irradiated recipients by the tertiary transplant. Mechanistic studies incorporating cleavage under target and release under nuclease assay, assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture identify ETV6 binding at inflammatory gene loci, including multiple genes within the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway in ETV6-sufficient mouse and human HSPCs. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing of BM cells isolated after transplantation reveals upregulation of inflammatory genes in Etv6R355X/+ progenitors when compared to Etv6+/+ counterparts. Corroborating these findings, Etv6R355X/+ HSPCs produce significantly more TNF than Etv6+/+ cells post-transplantation. We conclude that ETV6 is required to repress inflammatory gene expression in HSPCs under conditions of hematopoietic stress, and this mechanism may be critical to sustain HSPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Bloom
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ninad Oak
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Ruopeng Feng
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Pradyumna Baviskar
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Xujie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Alexa N. Stroh
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Chunliang Li
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Patrick Ozark
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Heather S. Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yichao Li
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Sabrin Albeituni
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Danny C. Scott
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Moeko T. King
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Mitchell J. Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jun J. Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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20
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Korzhenevich J, Janowska I, van der Burg M, Rizzi M. Human and mouse early B cell development: So similar but so different. Immunol Lett 2023; 261:1-12. [PMID: 37442242 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Early B cell development in the bone marrow ensures the replenishment of the peripheral B cell pool. Immature B cells continuously develop from hematopoietic stem cells, in a process guided by an intricate network of transcription factors as well as chemokine and cytokine signals. Humans and mice possess somewhat similar regulatory mechanisms of B lymphopoiesis. The continuous discovery of monogenetic defects that impact early B cell development in humans substantiates the similarities and differences with B cell development in mice. These differences become relevant when targeted therapeutic approaches are used in patients; therefore, predicting potential immunological adverse events is crucial. In this review, we have provided a phenotypical classification of human and murine early progenitors and B cell stages, based on surface and intracellular protein expression. Further, we have critically compared the role of key transcription factors (Ikaros, E2A, EBF1, PAX5, and Aiolos) and chemo- or cytokine signals (FLT3, c-kit, IL-7R, and CXCR4) during homeostatic and aberrant B lymphopoiesis in both humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakov Korzhenevich
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iga Janowska
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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21
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Chang J, Yamashita M, Padhi AK, Zhang KYJ, Taniuchi I. Impaired tissue homing by the Ikzf3 N159S variant is mediated by interfering with Ikaros function. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239779. [PMID: 37662955 PMCID: PMC10469740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIOLOS, encoded by IKZF3, is a member of the IKZF family of proteins that plays an important role in regulating late B-cell differentiation. Human individuals heterozygous for the AIOLOS p.N160S variant displayed impaired humoral immune responses as well as impaired B and T cell development. We have previously reported that a mouse strain harboring an Ikzf3N159S allele that corresponds to human IKZF3N160S recapitulated immune-deficient phenotypes, such as impaired B cell development and loss of CD23 expression. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Ikzf3N159S variant and found that B1a cell development was impaired in Ikzf3N159S/N159S mice. In addition, CD62L expression was severely decreased in both B and T lymphocytes by the Ikzf3N159S mutation, in a dose-dependent manner. Mixed bone marrow chimera experiments have revealed that most immunodeficient phenotypes, including low CD62L expression, occur in intrinsic cells. Interestingly, while Ikzf3N159S/N159S lymphocytes were still present in the spleen, they were completely outcompeted by control cells in the lymph nodes, suggesting that the capacity for homing or retention in the lymph nodes was lost due to the Ikzf3N159S mutation. The homing assay confirmed severely decreased homing abilities to lymph nodes of Ikzf3N159S/N159S B and T lymphocytes but selective enrichment of CD62L expressing Ikzf3N159S/N159S lymphocytes in lymph nodes. This finding suggests that impaired CD62L expression is the major reason for the impaired homing capacity caused by the Ikzf3N159S mutation. Interestingly, an excess amount of Ikaros, but not Aiolos, restored CD62L expression in Ikzf3N159S/N159S B cells. Together with the loss of CD62L expression due to Ikaros deficiency, the AiolosN159S mutant protein likely interferes with Ikaros function through heterodimerization, at least in activating the Sell gene encoding CD62L expression. Thus, our results revealed that AiolosN159S causes some immunodeficient phenotypes via the pathogenesis referred to as the heterodimeric interference as observed for AiolosG158R variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Chang
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoi Yamashita
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aditya K. Padhi
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kam Y. J. Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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22
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Miyamoto S, Urayama KY, Arakawa Y, Koh K, Yuza Y, Hasegawa D, Taneyama Y, Noguchi Y, Yanagimachi M, Inukai T, Ota S, Takahashi H, Keino D, Toyama D, Takita J, Tomizawa D, Morio T, Koike K, Moriwaki K, Sato Y, Fujimura J, Morita D, Sekinaka Y, Nakamura K, Sakashita K, Goto H, Manabe A, Takagi M. Rare TCF3 variants associated with pediatric B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:81-87. [PMID: 37129918 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2023.2201302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Germline genetic variants influence development of pediatric B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several pediatric B-ALL susceptibility loci. IKZF1 and PAX5, transcription factors involved in B cell development, have been reported as susceptibility genes for B-ALL development. Therefore, we hypothesized that rare variants of genes involved in B cell development would be candidate susceptibility loci for pediatric B-ALL. Thus, we sequenced TCF3, a key transcription factor gene involving in B cell development. Saliva DNA from 527 pediatric patients with pediatric B-ALL in remission who were registered with the Tokyo Children's Cancer Study Group (TCCSG) were examined. As a TCF3 gene-based evaluation, the numbers of rare deleterious germline TCF3 sequence variants in patients with pediatric B-ALL were compared with those in cancer-free individuals using data in public databases. As a TCF3 single-variant evaluation, the frequencies of rare deleterious germline TCF3 sequence variants in patients with pediatric B-ALL were also compared with those in control data. TCF3 gene-based analysis revealed significant associations between rare deleterious variants and pediatric B-ALL development. In addition, TCF3 variant-based analysis showed particularly strong association between variant rs372168347 (three in 521 TCCSG and three in the 15780 gnomAD whole genome analysis cohort, p = 0.0006) and pediatric B-ALL development. TCF3 variants are known to influence B cell maturation and may increase the risk of preleukemic clone emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kevin Y Urayama
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Arakawa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Koh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Yuza
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Taneyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Noguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yanagimachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Setsuo Ota
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Dai Keino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Toyama
- Division of Pediatrics, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Koike
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Japan
| | - Koichi Moriwaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuya Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Junya Fujimura
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morita
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yujin Sekinaka
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kozue Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakashita
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Manabe
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Kuehn HS, Boast B, Rosenzweig SD. Inborn errors of human IKAROS: LOF and GOF variants associated with primary immunodeficiency. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:129-136. [PMID: 36433803 PMCID: PMC10128159 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IKAROS/IKZF1 plays a pivotal role in lymphocyte differentiation and development. Germline mutations in IKZF1, which have been shown to be associated with primary immunodeficiency, can be classified through four different mechanisms of action depending on the protein expression and its functional defects: haploinsufficiency, dimerization defective, dominant negative, and gain of function. These different mechanisms are associated with variable degrees of susceptibility to infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, allergic diseases, and malignancies. To date, more than 30 heterozygous IKZF1 germline variants have been reported in patients with primary immunodeficiency. Here we review recent discoveries and clinical/immunological characterization of IKAROS-associated diseases that are linked to different mechanisms of action in IKAROS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brigette Boast
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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24
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Coiteux V, Fenwarth L, Duployez N, Ainaoui M, Borel C, Polomeni A, Yakoub-Agha I, Chalandon Y. [Management of genetic predisposition to hematologic malignancies in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT): Guidelines from the SFGM-TC]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:S13-S29. [PMID: 36307324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The advent of new technologies has made it possible to identify genetic predispositions to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute leukemias (AL) more frequently. The most frequent and best characterized at present are mutations in CEBPA, RUNX1, GATA2, ETV6 and DDX41 and, either in the presence of one of these mutations with a high allelic frequency, or in the case of a personal or family history suggestive of blood abnormalities such as non-immune thrombocytopenia, it is recommended to look for the possibility of a hereditary hematological malignancy (HHM). Indeed, early recognition of these HHMs allows better adaptation of the management of patients and their relatives, as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is very often proposed for these pathologies. According to current data, with the exception of the GATA2 mutation, the constitutional or somatic nature of the mutations does not seem to influence the prognosis of hematological diseases. Therefore, the indication for an allograft will be determined according to the usual criteria. However, when searching for a family donor, it is important to ensure that there is no hereditary disease in the donor. In order to guarantee the possibility of performing the HSC allograft within a short period of time, it may be necessary to initiate a parallel procedure to find an unrelated donor. Given the limited information on the modalities of HSC transplantation in this setting, it is important to assess the benefit/risk of the disease and the procedure to decide on the type of conditioning (myeloablative or reduced intensity). In view of the limited experience with the risk of secondary cancers in the medium and long-term, it may be appropriate to recommend reduced intensity conditioning, as in the case of better characterized syndromic hematological diseases such as Fanconi anemia or telomere diseases. In summary, it seems important to evoke HHM more frequently, particularly in the presence of a family history, certain mutations or persistent blood abnormalities, in order to discuss the specific modalities of HSC allografting, particularly with regard to the search for a donor and the evaluation of certain modalities of the procedure, such as conditioning. It should be noted that the discovery of HHM, especially if the indication of an allogeneic HSC transplant is retained, will raise ethical and psychological considerations not only for the patient, but also for his family. A multidisciplinary approach involving molecular biologists, geneticists, hematologists and psychologists is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Coiteux
- Hôpital Huriez, CHU de Lille, service de maladies du sang, 1, place de Verdun, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
| | - Laurène Fenwarth
- Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, CNRS, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Inserm, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Duployez
- Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, CNRS, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Inserm, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Malika Ainaoui
- Hôpital Huriez, hôpital Fontan, CHU de Lille, service de maladies du sang, service de psychiatrie de liaison, 1, place de Verdun, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - Cécile Borel
- CHU de Toulouse, institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, service d'hématologie, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Polomeni
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, service d'hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, 184, rue du faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Yves Chalandon
- Université de Genève, hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, faculté de médecine, service d'hématologie, 4, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Genève, Suisse.
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25
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Matza Porges S, Shamriz O. Genetics of Immune Dysregulation and Cancer Predisposition: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:114-127. [PMID: 36165533 PMCID: PMC9750831 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of cancers have a hereditary predisposition. However, no genetic diagnosis is available in 60%-80% of familial cancers. In some of these families, immune dysregulation-mediated disease is frequent. The immune system plays a critical role in identifying and eliminating tumors; thus, dysregulation of the immune system can increase the risk of developing cancer. This review focuses on some of the genes involved in immune dysregulation the promote the risk for cancer. Genetic counseling for patients with cancer currently focuses on known genes that raise the risk of cancer. In missing hereditary familial cases, the history family of immune dysregulation should be recorded, and genes related to the immune system should be analyzed in relevant families. On the other hand, patients with immune disorders diagnosed with a pathogenic mutation in an immune regulatory gene may have an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, those patients need to be under surveillance for cancer. Gene panel and exome sequencing are currently standard methods for genetic diagnosis, providing an excellent opportunity to jointly test cancer and immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Matza Porges
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute for Medical Research, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oded Shamriz
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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26
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Harley ITW, Allison K, Scofield RH. Polygenic autoimmune disease risk alleles impacting B cell tolerance act in concert across shared molecular networks in mouse and in humans. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953439. [PMID: 36090990 PMCID: PMC9450536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most B cells produced in the bone marrow have some level of autoreactivity. Despite efforts of central tolerance to eliminate these cells, many escape to periphery, where in healthy individuals, they are rendered functionally non-responsive to restimulation through their antigen receptor via a process termed anergy. Broad repertoire autoreactivity may reflect the chances of generating autoreactivity by stochastic use of germline immunoglobulin gene segments or active mechanisms may select autoreactive cells during egress to the naïve peripheral B cell pool. Likewise, it is unclear why in some individuals autoreactive B cell clones become activated and drive pathophysiologic changes in autoimmune diseases. Both of these remain central questions in the study of the immune system(s). In most individuals, autoimmune diseases arise from complex interplay of genetic risk factors and environmental influences. Advances in genome sequencing and increased statistical power from large autoimmune disease cohorts has led to identification of more than 200 autoimmune disease risk loci. It has been observed that autoantibodies are detectable in the serum years to decades prior to the diagnosis of autoimmune disease. Thus, current models hold that genetic defects in the pathways that control autoreactive B cell tolerance set genetic liability thresholds across multiple autoimmune diseases. Despite the fact these seminal concepts were developed in animal (especially murine) models of autoimmune disease, some perceive a disconnect between human risk alleles and those identified in murine models of autoimmune disease. Here, we synthesize the current state of the art in our understanding of human risk alleles in two prototypical autoimmune diseases - systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) along with spontaneous murine disease models. We compare these risk networks to those reported in murine models of these diseases, focusing on pathways relevant to anergy and central tolerance. We highlight some differences between murine and human environmental and genetic factors that may impact autoimmune disease development and expression and may, in turn, explain some of this discrepancy. Finally, we show that there is substantial overlap between the molecular networks that define these disease states across species. Our synthesis and analysis of the current state of the field are consistent with the idea that the same molecular networks are perturbed in murine and human autoimmune disease. Based on these analyses, we anticipate that murine autoimmune disease models will continue to yield novel insights into how best to diagnose, prognose, prevent and treat human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac T. W. Harley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative (HI3), Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Rheumatology Section, Medicine Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kristen Allison
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative (HI3), Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Medical/Research Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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27
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Fekrvand S, Khanmohammadi S, Abolhassani H, Yazdani R. B- and T-Cell Subset Abnormalities in Monogenic Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912826. [PMID: 35784324 PMCID: PMC9241517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of inborn errors of immunity characterized by reduced serum concentrations of different immunoglobulin isotypes. CVID is the most prevalent symptomatic antibody deficiency with a broad range of infectious and non-infectious clinical manifestations. Various genetic and immunological defects are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of CVID. Monogenic defects account for the pathogenesis of about 20-50% of CVID patients, while a variety of cases do not have a defined genetic background. Deficiencies in molecules of B cell receptor signaling or other pathways involving B-cell development, activation, and proliferation could be associated with monogenetic defects of CVID. Genetic defects damping different B cell developmental stages can alter B- and even other lymphocytes’ differentiation and might be involved in the clinical and immunologic presentations of the disorder. Reports concerning T and B cell abnormalities have been published in CVID patients, but such comprehensive data on monogenic CVID patients is few and no review article exists to describe the abrogation of lymphocyte subsets in these disorders. Hence, we aimed to review the role of altered B- and T-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of CVID patients with monogenic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Fekrvand
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Reza Yazdani, ;
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28
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Yamashita M, Morio T. AIOLOS Variants Causing Immunodeficiency in Human and Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866582. [PMID: 35444653 PMCID: PMC9014263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIOLOS is encoded by IKZF3 and is a member of the IKAROS zinc finger transcription factor family. Heterozygous missense variants in the second zinc finger of AIOLOS have recently been reported to be found in the families of patients with inborn errors of immunity. The AIOLOSG159R variant was identified in patients with B-lymphopenia and familial Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphoma. Early B-cell progenitors were significantly reduced in the bone marrow of patients with AIOLOSG159R. Another variant, AIOLOSN160S was identified in the patients presented with hypogammaglobulinemia, susceptibility to Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Patients with AIOLOSN160S had mostly normal B cell counts but showed increased levels of CD21lo B cells, decreased CD23 expression, and abrogated CD40 response. Both variants were determined to be loss-of-function. Mouse models harboring the corresponding patient’s variants recapitulated the phenotypes of the patients. AIOLOS is therefore a novel disease-causing gene in human adaptive immune deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Díaz-Alberola I, Espuch-Oliver A, García-Aznar JM, Ganoza-Gallardo C, Aguilera-Franco M, Sampedro A, Jiménez P, López-Nevot MÁ. Common Variable Immunodeficiency Associated with a De Novo IKZF1 Variant and a Low Humoral Immune Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2303. [PMID: 35566429 PMCID: PMC9101713 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) comprises a group of diseases with heterogeneous clinical and immunological manifestations. Several mutations have been identified in genes encoding proteins essential for immune function. Our aim was to phenotypically and genotypically characterize a patient diagnosed with CVID and study his response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. METHODS We performed a next-generation sequencing analysis, a CMIA, and an ELISA to analyze the humoral and cellular response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, respectively. We also employed flow cytometry and immunoturbidimetry to assess the patient's global immune status. RESULTS We found a low humoral but positive cellular response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. NGS screening revealed a transition from guanine to adenine at position c.485 of the IKZF1 gene in heterozygosity, giving rise to the R162Q variant, which was not present in his parents. CONCLUSIONS The R162Q variant of the IKZF1 gene has been associated with CVID type 13, but always with an autosomal dominant inheritance with high penetrance. Therefore, we present for the first time a case of CVID associated with a de novo heterozygous R162Q variant in the IKZF1 gene in a patient with a low humoral immune response to the complete COVID-19 vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Díaz-Alberola
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (P.J.); (M.Á.L.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Espuch-Oliver
- Hospital General Nuestra Señora del Prado, Talavera de la Reina, 45600 Toledo, Spain;
| | | | | | - María Aguilera-Franco
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (M.A.-F.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Sampedro
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (M.A.-F.); (A.S.)
| | - Pilar Jiménez
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (P.J.); (M.Á.L.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel López-Nevot
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (P.J.); (M.Á.L.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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30
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Hoshino A, Boutboul D, Zhang Y, Kuehn HS, Hadjadj J, Özdemir N, Celkan T, Walz C, Picard C, Lenoir C, Mahlaoui N, Klein C, Peng X, Azar A, Reigh E, Cheminant M, Fischer A, Rieux-Laucat F, Callebaut I, Hauck F, Milner J, Rosenzweig SD, Latour S. Gain-of-function IKZF1 variants in humans cause immune dysregulation associated with abnormal T/B cell late differentiation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi7160. [PMID: 35333544 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi7160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IKZF1/IKAROS is a key transcription factor of lymphocyte development expressed throughout hematopoiesis. Heterozygous germline IKZF1 haploinsufficient (IKZF1HI) and dominant-negative (IKZF1DN) variants in humans cause B cell immune deficiency and combined immunodeficiency. Here, we identified previously unidentified heterozygous IKZF1 variants (R183C/H) located in the DNA binding domain in eight individuals with inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic symptoms, and abnormal plasma cell (PC) proliferation. Leukocytes of patients exhibited specific defects including impaired IL-2 production by T cells, T helper (TH) skewing toward TH2, low numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg), eosinophilia, and abnormal PC proliferation. In contrast to IKZF1HI and IKZF1DN, IKZF1R183H/C proteins showed increased DNA binding associated with increased gene expression of TH2 and PC differentiation, thus demonstrating that IKZF1R183H/C behave as gain-of-function (GOF) alleles. In vitro treatment with lenalidomide, known to degrade IKZF1, corrected TH2 and PC abnormalities caused by IKZF1R183H/C. These data extend the spectrum of pathological mechanisms associated with IKZF1 deficiencies and highlight the role of IKZF1 in late lymphoid differentiation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hoshino
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - David Boutboul
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerôme Hadjadj
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmunity, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nihal Özdemir
- Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tiraje Celkan
- Cerrahpasa Medical University, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lenoir
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nizar Mahlaoui
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiao Peng
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology and the Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antoine Azar
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology and the Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin Reigh
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgane Cheminant
- Department of Adult Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmunity, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
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31
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Harley ITW, Sawalha AH. Systemic lupus erythematosus as a genetic disease. Clin Immunol 2022; 236:108953. [PMID: 35149194 PMCID: PMC9167620 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is the prototypical systemic autoimmune disease, as it is characterized both by protean multi-organ system manifestations and by the uniform presence of pathogenic autoantibodies directed against components of the nucleus. Prior to the modern genetic era, the diverse clinical manifestations of SLE suggested to many that SLE patients were unlikely to share a common genetic risk basis. However, modern genetic studies have revealed that SLE usually arises when an environmental exposure occurs in an individual with a collection of genetic risk variants passing a liability threshold. Here, we summarize the current state of the field aimed at: (1) understanding the genetic architecture of this complex disease, (2) synthesizing how this genetic risk architecture impacts cellular and molecular disease pathophysiology, (3) providing illustrative examples that highlight the rich complexity of the pathobiology of this prototypical autoimmune disease and (4) communicating this complex etiopathogenesis to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac T W Harley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative (HI(3)), Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Rocky Mountain Regional Veteran's Administration Medical Center (VAMC), Medicine Service, Rheumatology Section, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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32
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Mitsui-Sekinaka K, Sekinaka Y, Endo A, Imai K, Nonoyama S. The Primary Immunodeficiency Database in Japan. Front Immunol 2022; 12:805766. [PMID: 35082792 PMCID: PMC8786595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.805766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Primary Immunodeficiency Database in Japan (PIDJ) is a registry of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) that was established in 2007. The database is a joint research project with research groups associated with the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare; the RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology (RCAI); and the Kazusa DNA Research Institute (KDRI). The PIDJ contains patient details, including the age, sex, clinical and laboratory findings, types of infections, genetic analysis results, and treatments administered. In addition, web-based case consultation is also provided. The PIDJ serves as a database for patients with PIDs and as a patient consultation service connecting general physicians with PID specialists and specialized hospitals. Thus, the database contributes to investigations related to disease pathogenesis and the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with PIDs. In the 9 years since the launch of PIDJ, 4,481 patients have been enrolled, of whom 64% have been subjected to genetic analysis. In 2017, the Japanese Society for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammatory Diseases (JSIAD) was established to advance the diagnosis, treatment, and research in the field of PIDs and autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). JSIAD promotes the analysis of the pathogenesis of PIDs and AIDs, enabling improved patient care and networking via the expansion of the database and construction of a biobank obtained from the PIDJ. The PIDJ was upgraded to “PIDJ ver.2” in 2019 by JSIAD. Currently, PIDJ ver.2 is used as a platform for epidemiological studies, genetic analysis, and pathogenesis evaluation for PIDs and AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yujin Sekinaka
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akifumi Endo
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Community Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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33
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Hoshino A, Toyofuku E, Mitsuiki N, Yamashita M, Okamoto K, Yamamoto M, Kanda K, Yamato G, Keino D, Yoshimoto-Suzuki Y, Kamizono J, Onoe Y, Ichimura T, Nagao M, Yoshimura M, Tsugawa K, Igarashi T, Mitsui-Sekinaka K, Sekinaka Y, Doi T, Yasumi T, Nakazawa Y, Takagi M, Imai K, Nonoyama S, Morio T, Latour S, Kanegane H. Clinical Courses of IKAROS and CTLA4 Deficiencies: A Systematic Literature Review and Retrospective Longitudinal Study. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784901. [PMID: 35087518 PMCID: PMC8787285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IKAROS and CTLA4 deficiencies are inborn errors of immunity and show similar clinical phenotypes, including hypogammaglobulinemia and autoimmune diseases (ADs). However, the differences in clinical features and pathogenesis of these are not fully understood. Therefore, we performed systematic literature reviews for IKAROS and CTLA4 deficiencies. The reviews suggested that patients with IKAROS deficiency develop AD earlier than hypogammaglobulinemia. However, no study assessed the detailed changes in clinical manifestations over time; this was likely due to the cross-sectional nature of the studies. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective longitudinal study on IKAROS and CTLA4 deficiencies in our cohort to evaluate the clinical course over time. In patients with IKAROS deficiency, AD and hypogammaglobulinemia often develop in that order, and AD often resolves before the onset of hypogammaglobulinemia; these observations were not found in patients with CTLA4 deficiency. Understanding this difference in the clinical course helps in the clinical management of both. Furthermore, our results suggest B- and T-cell-mediated ADs in patients with IKAROS and CTLA4 deficiencies, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hoshino
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Etsushi Toyofuku
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Mitsuiki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoi Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kanda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hikone Municipal Hospital, Hikone, Japan
| | - Genki Yamato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Shibukawa, Japan
| | - Dai Keino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Yoshimoto-Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Kamizono
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Onoe
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takuya Ichimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Mika Nagao
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshimura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toru Igarashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yujin Sekinaka
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Community Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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de Weerd HA, Åkesson J, Guala D, Gustafsson M, Lubovac-Pilav Z. MODalyseR-a novel software for inference of disease module hub regulators identified a putative multiple sclerosis regulator supported by independent eQTL data. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2022; 2:vbac006. [PMID: 36699378 PMCID: PMC9710626 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Motivation Network-based disease modules have proven to be a powerful concept for extracting knowledge about disease mechanisms, predicting for example disease risk factors and side effects of treatments. Plenty of tools exist for the purpose of module inference, but less effort has been put on simultaneously utilizing knowledge about regulatory mechanisms for predicting disease module hub regulators. Results We developed MODalyseR, a novel software for identifying disease module regulators and reducing modules to the most disease-associated genes. This pipeline integrates and extends previously published software packages MODifieR and ComHub and hereby provides a user-friendly network medicine framework combining the concepts of disease modules and hub regulators for precise disease gene identification from transcriptomics data. To demonstrate the usability of the tool, we designed a case study for multiple sclerosis that revealed IKZF1 as a promising hub regulator, which was supported by independent ChIP-seq data. Availability and implementation MODalyseR is available as a Docker image at https://hub.docker.com/r/ddeweerd/modalyser with user guide and installation instructions found at https://gustafsson-lab.gitlab.io/MODalyseR/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik A de Weerd
- School of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde 541 45, Sweden,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Julia Åkesson
- School of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde 541 45, Sweden,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Dimitri Guala
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna 17121, Sweden,Merck AB, Solna 16970, Sweden
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden,To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
| | - Zelmina Lubovac-Pilav
- School of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde 541 45, Sweden,To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
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Shahin T, Kuehn HS, Shoeb MR, Gawriyski L, Giuliani S, Repiscak P, Hoeger B, Yüce Petronczki Ö, Bal SK, Zoghi S, Dmytrus J, Seruggia D, Castanon I, Rezaei N, Varjosalo M, Halbritter F, Rosenzweig SD, Boztug K. Germline biallelic mutation affecting the transcription factor Helios causes pleiotropic defects of immunity. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe3981. [PMID: 34826259 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala Shahin
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mohamed R Shoeb
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Gawriyski
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Proteomics Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah Giuliani
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Repiscak
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Hoeger
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Özlem Yüce Petronczki
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sevgi Köstel Bal
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samaneh Zoghi
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Dmytrus
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Davide Seruggia
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Irinka Castanon
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Proteomics Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kaan Boztug
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Hauer J, Fischer U, Borkhardt A. Toward prevention of childhood ALL by early-life immune training. Blood 2021; 138:1412-1428. [PMID: 34010407 PMCID: PMC8532195 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is the most common form of childhood cancer. Chemotherapy is associated with life-long health sequelae and fails in ∼20% of cases. Thus, prevention of leukemia would be preferable to treatment. Childhood leukemia frequently starts before birth, during fetal hematopoiesis. A first genetic hit (eg, the ETV6-RUNX1 gene fusion) leads to the expansion of preleukemic B-cell clones, which are detectable in healthy newborn cord blood (up to 5%). These preleukemic clones give rise to clinically overt leukemia in only ∼0.2% of carriers. Experimental evidence suggests that a major driver of conversion from the preleukemic to the leukemic state is exposure to immune challenges. Novel insights have shed light on immune host responses and how they shape the complex interplay between (1) inherited or acquired genetic predispositions, (2) exposure to infection, and (3) abnormal cytokine release from immunologically untrained cells. Here, we integrate the recently emerging concept of "trained immunity" into existing models of childhood BCP-ALL and suggest future avenues toward leukemia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hauer
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; and
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partnering site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; and
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partnering site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
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37
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Brodie SA, Khincha PP, Giri N, Bouk AJ, Steinberg M, Dai J, Jessop L, Donovan FX, Chandrasekharappa SC, de Andrade KC, Maric I, Ellis SR, Mirabello L, Alter BP, Savage SA. Pathogenic germline IKZF1 variant alters hematopoietic gene expression profiles. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:mcs.a006015. [PMID: 34162668 PMCID: PMC8327879 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IKZF1 encodes Ikaros, a zinc finger–containing transcription factor crucial to the development of the hematopoietic system. Germline pathogenic variants in IKZF1 have been reported in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and immunodeficiency syndromes. Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by erythroid hypoplasia, associated with a spectrum of congenital anomalies and an elevated risk of certain cancers. DBA is usually caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in genes that function in ribosomal biogenesis; however, in many cases the genetic etiology is unknown. We identified a germline IKZF1 variant, rs757907717 C > T, in identical twins with DBA-like features and autoimmune gastrointestinal disease. rs757907717 C > T results in a p.R381C amino acid change in the IKZF1 Ik-x isoform (p.R423C on isoform Ik-1), which we show is associated with altered global gene expression and perturbation of transcriptional networks involved in hematopoietic system development. These data suggest that this missense substitution caused a DBA-like syndrome in this family because of alterations in hematopoiesis, including dysregulation of networks essential for normal erythropoiesis and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Brodie
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Payal P Khincha
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Neelam Giri
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Aaron J Bouk
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Mia Steinberg
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Jieqiong Dai
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Lea Jessop
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Frank X Donovan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kelvin C de Andrade
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Irina Maric
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Steven R Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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38
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Kuehn HS, Gloude NJ, Dimmock D, Tokita M, Wright M, Rosenzweig SD, Collins C. Abnormal SCID Newborn Screening and Spontaneous Recovery Associated with a Novel Haploinsufficiency IKZF1 Mutation. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1241-1249. [PMID: 33855675 PMCID: PMC11002654 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE IKAROS, encoded by IKZF1, is a member of the IKAROS family of zinc-finger transcription factors playing critical roles in lymphocyte development, differentiation, and tumor suppression. Several studies demonstrated that IKZF1 mutations affecting DNA binding or homo-/hetero-dimerization are mostly associated with common variable immunodeficiency, combined immunodeficiency, or hematologic manifestations. Herein we report a likely de novo, nonsense IKZF1 mutation (p.C182*) in a baby with low T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) identified by newborn screening testing for severe combined immunodeficiency. The patient also presented a profound B cell deficiency at birth. METHODS Genetic, functional, immunologic, and clinical outcome data associated with this patient and her mutation were evaluated. RESULTS Mutant p.C182* was detected in the cytoplasm of the patient's primary cells, in contrast to wild type (WT) IKAROS protein, only detected in the nucleus. Functional in vitro assessments revealed that p.C182* was less stable than WT IKAROS protein and failed to bind to its target DNA binding sequence and dimerize with WT IKAROS protein, resulting in impaired pericentromeric targeting and transcriptional repression by means of haploinsufficiency. During follow-up, while a spontaneous recovery of TREC and T cells was observed, B cells improved but not to sustained normal ranges. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IKAROS-associated diseases can present with SCID-like TREC values through newborn screening testing. IKZF1 mutations should be added to the low TREC differential, although spontaneous recovery has to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm 2C306, 10 Center Drive, MSC1508, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas J Gloude
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mari Tokita
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Meredith Wright
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm 2C306, 10 Center Drive, MSC1508, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Cathleen Collins
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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39
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Yamashita M, Morio T. Inborn errors of IKAROS and AIOLOS. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:239-248. [PMID: 34265590 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
IKAROS is a pioneer protein of the IKZF family of transcription factors that plays an essential role in lymphocyte development. Recently, inborn errors of IKAROS have been identified in patients with B cell deficiency and hypogammaglobulinemia, and these patients often present with recurrent sinopulmonary infection. Autoimmunity and hematologic malignancies are other characteristic complications seen in the patients with IKAROS deficiency. Missense mutation involving asparagine at the 159th position results in combined immunodeficiency, often presenting with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Inborn errors of AIOLOS, HELIOS, and PEGASUS have also been reported in patients with B cell deficiency, Evans syndrome, and hereditary thrombocytopenia, respectively. Here, we briefly review the phenotype and genotype of IKZF mutations, especially IKAROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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40
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Metabolic determinants of B-cell selection. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1467-1478. [PMID: 34196360 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
B-cells are antibody-producing cells of the adaptive immune system. Approximately 75% of all newly generated B-cells in the bone marrow are autoreactive and express potentially harmful autoantibodies. To prevent autoimmune disease, the immune system has evolved a powerful mechanism to eliminate autoreactive B-cells, termed negative B-cell selection. While designed to remove autoreactive clones during early B-cell development, our laboratory recently discovered that transformed B-cells in leukemia and lymphoma are also subject to negative selection. Indeed, besides the risk of developing autoimmune disease, B-cells are inherently prone to malignant transformation: to produce high-affinity antibodies, B-cells undergo multiple rounds of somatic immunoglobulin gene recombination and hypermutation. Reflecting high frequencies of DNA-breaks, adaptive immune protection by B-cells comes with a dramatically increased risk of development of leukemia and lymphoma. Of note, B-cells exist under conditions of chronic restriction of energy metabolism. Here we discuss how these metabolic gatekeeper functions during B-cell development provide a common mechanism for the removal of autoreactive and premalignant B-cells to safeguard against both autoimmune diseases and B-cell malignancies.
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41
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A variant in human AIOLOS impairs adaptive immunity by interfering with IKAROS. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:893-903. [PMID: 34155405 PMCID: PMC8958960 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we report a human-inherited, impaired, adaptive immunity disorder, which predominantly manifested as a B cell differentiation defect, caused by a heterozygous IKZF3 missense variant, resulting in a glycine-to-arginine replacement within the DNA-binding domain of the encoded AIOLOS protein. Using mice that bear the corresponding variant and recapitulate the B and T cell phenotypes, we show that the mutant AIOLOS homodimers and AIOLOS-IKAROS heterodimers did not bind the canonical AIOLOS-IKAROS DNA sequence. In addition, homodimers and heterodimers containing one mutant AIOLOS bound to genomic regions lacking both canonical motifs. However, the removal of the dimerization capacity from mutant AIOLOS restored B cell development. Hence, the adaptive immunity defect is caused by the AIOLOS variant hijacking IKAROS function. Heterodimeric interference is a new mechanism of autosomal dominance that causes inborn errors of immunity by impairing protein function via the mutation of its heterodimeric partner.
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42
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Banday AZ, Jindal AK, Kaur A, Saka R, Parwaiz A, Sachdeva MUS, Rawat A. Cutaneous IgA vasculitis-presenting manifestation of a novel mutation in the IKZF1 gene. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:e101-e103. [PMID: 33097959 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aaqib Zaffar Banday
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankur Kumar Jindal
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anit Kaur
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ruchi Saka
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amber Parwaiz
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Chandigarh, India
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43
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Nunes-Santos CJ, Kuehn HS, Rosenzweig SD. IKAROS Family Zinc Finger 1-Associated Diseases in Primary Immunodeficiency Patients. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2021; 40:461-470. [PMID: 32654692 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ikaros zinc finger 1 (IKZF1 or Ikaros) is a hematopoietic zinc finger DNA-binding transcription factor that acts as a critical regulator of lymphocyte and myeloid differentiation. Loss-of-function germline heterozygous mutations in IKZF1 affecting DNA-binding were described as causative of 2 distinct primary immunodeficiency (PID)/inborn error of immunity diseases. Mutations acting by haploinsufficiency present with a common variable immune deficiency-like phenotype mainly characterized by increased susceptibility to infections. Mutations acting in a dominant negative fashion present with a combined immunodeficiency phenotype with high prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Pathophysiology and manifestations of IKAROS-associated diseases in patients with PID are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane J Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 2C410F, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 2C410F, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 2C410F, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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44
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YILMAZ E, KUEHN HS, ODAKIR E, NIEMELA JE, OZCAN A, EKEN A, ROHLFS M, CANSEVER M, GOK V, AYDIN F, KARAKUKCU M, HAUCK F, KLEIN C, UNAL E, ROSENZWEIG SD, PATIROGLU T. Common Variable Immunodeficiency, Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, and Pancytopenia Associated With a Defect in IKAROS. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e351-e357. [PMID: 33122583 PMCID: PMC7987842 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in IKZF1, which encodes Ikaros family zinc finger 1 (IKAROS) transcription factor, are associated with recurrent infections, cytopenia, autoimmune diseases, and hematologic malignancies. Diverse clinical phenotypes resulting from IKZF1 mutations include pulmonary fungal infections, cytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), and malignancies. In this study, we aimed to assess the DNA-binding ability and pericentromeric (PC) localization of a variant of IKZF discovered in a patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA-binding ability of a pathogenic IKZF variant was tested using electrophoretic mobility shift assay and PC localization of the variant was assessed by immunofluorescent microscopy in NIH3T3 cells. RESULTS Clinical features of a 3-month-old male infant who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation because of an IKZF1 mutation-associated common variable immunodeficiency, AIHA, and pancytopenia are described. DNA studies revealed a heterozygous missense variant (IKZF1 NM_006060 c.427C>T; p.R143W). Cotransfection studies revealed that mutant R143W has a partial dominant-negative effect over PC targeting and DNA binding. CONCLUSIONS IKZF1 mutation must be kept in mind if neonatal AIHA, common variable immunodeficiency, and pancytopenia are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru YILMAZ
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology & Pediatric HSCT Unit, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hye Sun KUEHN
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, USA
| | - Eda ODAKIR
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology & Pediatric HSCT Unit, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Julie E. NIEMELA
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, USA
| | - Alper OZCAN
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology & Pediatric HSCT Unit, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet EKEN
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gevher Nesibe Genom and Stem Cell Institution, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Meino ROHLFS
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Murat CANSEVER
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Veysel GOK
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology & Pediatric HSCT Unit, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Firdevs AYDIN
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology & Pediatric HSCT Unit, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Musa KARAKUKCU
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology & Pediatric HSCT Unit, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fabian HAUCK
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph KLEIN
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Ekrem UNAL
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology & Pediatric HSCT Unit, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Gevher Nesibe Genom and Stem Cell Institution, Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sergio D. ROSENZWEIG
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, USA
| | - Turkan PATIROGLU
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology & Pediatric HSCT Unit, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Kuehn HS, Nunes-Santos CJ, Rosenzweig SD. Germline IKZF1 mutations and their impact on immunity: IKAROS-associated diseases and pathophysiology. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:407-416. [PMID: 33691560 PMCID: PMC8091572 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1901582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The transcription factor IKAROS and IKAROS family members are critical for the development of lymphocyte and other blood cell lineages. Germline heterozygous IKZF1 mutations have been described in primary immunodeficiency as well as in human hematologic malignancies, affecting both B and T cells. Depending on the allelic variants of IKZF1 mutations (haploinsufficiency and dominant negative) clinical phenotypes vary from bacterial, viral, or fungal infection to autoimmune disease and malignancy.Areas covered: In this review, the authors provide an overview of genotype-phenotype correlation and clinical manifestations in patients with IKZF1 mutations. The importance of accurate diagnosis and monitoring immunological changes is also discussed for the management of these complex and rare diseases. IKZF1/IKAROS, immunodeficiency, and CVID were used as the search terms in PubMed and Google Scholar.Expert opinion: Over the past 5 years both genetic and molecular studies have unveiled surprisingly diverse roles of IKZF1 mutations in primary immunodeficiency. While an increasing number of novel IKZF1 variants are being reported, limited, and complex laboratory testing is necessary to verify the mutation's pathogenicity. Therefore, the combination of understanding mechanistic concepts and clinical and immunological follow-up is necessary to increase our knowledge of IKAROS-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md
| | - Cristiane J Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sergio D. Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md
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Yamashita M, Inoue K, Okano T, Morio T. Inborn errors of immunity-recent advances in research on the pathogenesis. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:9. [PMID: 33766139 PMCID: PMC7992775 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency (PID) is a genetic disorder with a defect of one of the important components of our immune system. Classical PID has been recognized as a disorder with loss of function of the immune system. Recent studies have unveiled disorders with immune dysfunction with autoimmunity, autoinflammation, allergy, or predisposition to malignancy. Some of them were caused by an augmented immune function or a defect in immune regulation. With this background, the term inborn errors of immunity (IEI) is now used to refer to PID in the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) classification. More than 400 responsible genes have been identified in patients with IEI so far, and importantly, many of them identified lately were caused by a heterologous mutation. Moreover, the onset is not necessarily in childhood, and we started seeing more and more IEI patients diagnosed in adulthood in the clinical settings. Recent advances in genetic analysis, including whole-exome analysis, whole-genome analysis, and RNA-seq have contributed to the identification of the disease-causing gene mutation. We also started to find heterogeneity of phenotype even in the patients with the same mutation in the same family, leading us to wonder if modifier gene or epigenetic modification is involved in the pathogenesis. In contrast, we accumulated many cases suggesting genetic heterogeneity is associated with phenotypic homogeneity. It has thus become difficult to deduce a responsible gene only from the phenotype in a certain type of IEI. Current curative therapy for IEI includes hematopoietic cell transplantation and gene therapy. Other curative therapeutic modalities have been long waited and are to be introduced in the future. These include a small molecule that inhibits the gain-of-function of the molecule- and genome-editing technology. Research on IEI will surely lead to a better understanding of other immune-related disorders including rheumatic diseases and atopic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kento Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Okano
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Rivellese F, Manou-Stathopoulou S, Mauro D, Goldmann K, Pyne D, Rajakariar R, Gordon P, Schafer P, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Lewis MJ. Effects of targeting the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos on B cell activation and differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2021; 8:8/1/e000445. [PMID: 33727237 PMCID: PMC7970264 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2020-000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of targeting Ikaros and Aiolos by cereblon modulator iberdomide on the activation and differentiation of B-cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods CD19+ B-cells isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with SLE (n=41) were cultured with TLR7 ligand resiquimod ±IFNα together with iberdomide or control from day 0 (n=16). Additionally, in vitro B-cell differentiation was induced by stimulation with IL-2/IL-10/IL-15/CD40L/resiquimod with iberdomide or control, given at day 0 or at day 4. At day 5, immunoglobulins were measured by ELISA and cells analysed by flow cytometry. RNA-Seq was performed on fluorescence-activated cell-sorted CD27-IgD+ naïve-B-cells and CD20lowCD27+CD38+ plasmablasts to investigate the transcriptional consequences of iberdomide. Results Iberdomide significantly inhibited the TLR7 and IFNα-mediated production of immunoglobulins from SLE B-cells and the production of antinuclear antibodies as well as significantly reducing the number of CD27+CD38+ plasmablasts (0.3±0.18, vehicle 1.01±0.56, p=0.011) and CD138+ plasma cells (0.12±0.06, vehicle 0.28±0.02, p=0.03). Additionally, treatment with iberdomide from day 0 significantly inhibited the differentiation of SLE B-cells into plasmablasts (6.4±13.5 vs vehicle 34.9±20.1, p=0.013) and antibody production. When given at later stages of differentiation, iberdomide did not affect the numbers of plasmablasts or the production of antibodies; however, it induced a significant modulation of gene expression involving IKZF1 and IKZF3 transcriptional programmes in both naïve B-cells and plasmablasts (400 and 461 differentially modulated genes, respectively, false discovery rate<0.05). Conclusion These results demonstrate the relevance of Ikaros and Aiolos as therapeutic targets in SLE due to their ability to modulate B cell activation and differentiation downstream of TLR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Rivellese
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sotiria Manou-Stathopoulou
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Mauro
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katriona Goldmann
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Debasish Pyne
- Rheumatology Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Patrick Gordon
- Rheumatology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Schafer
- Translational Medicine Department, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Boast B, Miosge LA, Kuehn HS, Cho V, Athanasopoulos V, McNamara HA, Sontani Y, Mei Y, Howard D, Sutton HJ, Omari SA, Yu Z, Nasreen M, Andrews TD, Cockburn IA, Goodnow CC, Rosenzweig SD, Enders A. A Point Mutation in IKAROS ZF1 Causes a B Cell Deficiency in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1505-1514. [PMID: 33658297 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IKZF1 (IKAROS) is essential for normal lymphopoiesis in both humans and mice. Previous Ikzf1 mouse models have demonstrated the dual role for IKZF1 in both B and T cell development and have indicated differential requirements of each zinc finger. Furthermore, mutations in IKZF1 are known to cause common variable immunodeficiency in patients characterized by a loss of B cells and reduced Ab production. Through N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis, we have discovered a novel Ikzf1 mutant mouse with a missense mutation (L132P) in zinc finger 1 (ZF1) located in the DNA binding domain. Unlike other previously reported murine Ikzf1 mutations, this L132P point mutation (Ikzf1L132P ) conserves overall protein expression and has a B cell-specific phenotype with no effect on T cell development, indicating that ZF1 is not required for T cells. Mice have reduced Ab responses to immunization and show a progressive loss of serum Igs compared with wild-type littermates. IKZF1L132P overexpressed in NIH3T3 or HEK293T cells failed to localize to pericentromeric heterochromatin and bind target DNA sequences. Coexpression of wild-type and mutant IKZF1, however, allows for localization to pericentromeric heterochromatin and binding to DNA indicating a haploinsufficient mechanism of action for IKZF1L132P Furthermore, Ikzf1+/L132P mice have late onset defective Ig production, similar to what is observed in common variable immunodeficiency patients. RNA sequencing revealed a total loss of Hsf1 expression in follicular B cells, suggesting a possible functional link for the humoral immune response defects observed in Ikzf1L132P/L132P mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Boast
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Lisa A Miosge
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Vicky Cho
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Vicki Athanasopoulos
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hayley A McNamara
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yovina Sontani
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Debbie Howard
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Henry J Sutton
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sofia A Omari
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, Lowy Cancer Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Zhijia Yu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Mariam Nasreen
- Australian Phenomics Facility, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; and
| | - T Daniel Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Anselm Enders
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia;
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Klco JM, Mullighan CG. Advances in germline predisposition to acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:122-137. [PMID: 33328584 PMCID: PMC8404376 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although much work has focused on the elucidation of somatic alterations that drive the development of acute leukaemias and other haematopoietic diseases, it has become increasingly recognized that germline mutations are common in many of these neoplasms. In this Review, we highlight the different genetic pathways impacted by germline mutations that can ultimately lead to the development of familial and sporadic haematological malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Many of the genes disrupted by somatic mutations in these diseases (for example, TP53, RUNX1, IKZF1 and ETV6) are the same as those that harbour germline mutations in children and adolescents who develop these malignancies. Moreover, the presumption that familial leukaemias only present in childhood is no longer true, in large part due to the numerous studies demonstrating germline DDX41 mutations in adults with MDS and AML. Lastly, we highlight how different cooperating events can influence the ultimate phenotype in these different familial leukaemia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology and the Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology and the Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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50
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Sadras T, Chan LN, Xiao G, Müschen M. Metabolic Gatekeepers of Pathological B Cell Activation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 16:323-349. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-061020-050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Unlike other cell types, B cells undergo multiple rounds of V(D)J recombination and hypermutation to evolve high-affinity antibodies. Reflecting high frequencies of DNA double-strand breaks, adaptive immune protection by B cells comes with an increased risk of malignant transformation. In addition, the vast majority of newly generated B cells express an autoreactive B cell receptor (BCR). Thus, B cells are under intense selective pressure to remove autoreactive and premalignant clones. Despite stringent negative selection, B cells frequently give rise to autoimmune disease and B cell malignancies. In this review, we discuss mechanisms that we term metabolic gatekeepers to eliminate pathogenic B cell clones on the basis of energy depletion. Chronic activation signals from autoreactive BCRs or transforming oncogenes increase energy demands in autoreactive and premalignant B cells. Thus, metabolic gatekeepers limit energy supply to levels that are insufficient to fuel either a transforming oncogene or hyperactive signaling from an autoreactive BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sadras
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Lai N. Chan
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Gang Xiao
- Current affiliation: Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Markus Müschen
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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