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Nobs E, Laschanzky K, Munke K, Movert E, Valfridsson C, Carlsson F. Cytosolic serpins act in a cytoprotective feedback loop that limits ESX-1-dependent death of Mycobacterium marinum-infected macrophages. mBio 2024:e0038424. [PMID: 39087767 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00384-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) constitute the largest family of protease inhibitors expressed in humans, but their role in infection remains largely unexplored. In infected macrophages, the mycobacterial ESX-1 type VII secretion system permeabilizes internal host membranes and causes leakage into the cytosol of host DNA, which induces type I interferon (IFN) production via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of IFN genes (STING) surveillance pathway, and promotes infection in vivo. Using the Mycobacterium marinum infection model, we show that ESX-1-mediated type I IFN signaling in macrophages selectively induces the expression of serpina3f and serpina3g, two cytosolic serpins of the clade A3. The membranolytic activity of ESX-1 also caused leakage of cathepsin B into the cytosol where it promoted cell death, suggesting that the induction of type I IFN comes at the cost of lysosomal rupture and toxicity. However, the production of cytosolic serpins suppressed the protease activity of cathepsin B in this compartment and thus limited cell death, a function that was associated with increased bacterial growth in infected mice. These results suggest that cytosolic serpins act in a type I IFN-dependent cytoprotective feedback loop to counteract the inevitable toxic effect of ESX-1-mediated host membrane rupture. IMPORTANCE The ESX-1 type VII secretion system is a key virulence determinant of pathogenic mycobacteria. The ability to permeabilize host cell membranes is critical for several ESX-1-dependent virulence traits, including phagosomal escape and induction of the type I interferon (IFN) response. We find that it comes at the cost of lysosomal leakage and subsequent host cell death. However, our results suggest that ESX-1-mediated type I IFN signaling selectively upregulates serpina3f and serpina3g and that these cytosolic serpins limit cell death caused by cathepsin B that has leaked into the cytosol, a function that is associated with increased bacterial growth in vivo. The ability to rupture host membranes is widespread among bacterial pathogens, and it will be of interest to evaluate the role of cytosolic serpins and this type I IFN-dependent cytoprotective feedback loop in the context of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nobs
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Kristina Munke
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin Movert
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Ouyang X, Reihill JA, Douglas LEJ, Martin SL. Airborne indoor allergen serine proteases and their contribution to sensitisation and activation of innate immunity in allergic airway disease. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230126. [PMID: 38657996 PMCID: PMC11040391 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0126-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Common airborne allergens (pollen, animal dander and those from fungi and insects) are the main triggers of type I allergic disorder in the respiratory system and are associated with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, as well as immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. These allergens promote IgE crosslinking, vasodilation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, mucosal barrier dysfunction, extracellular matrix deposition and smooth muscle spasm, which collectively cause remodelling of the airways. Fungus and insect (house dust mite and cockroaches) indoor allergens are particularly rich in proteases. Indeed, more than 40 different types of aeroallergen proteases, which have both IgE-neutralising and tissue-destructive activities, have been documented in the Allergen Nomenclature database. Of all the inhaled protease allergens, 85% are classed as serine protease activities and include trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and collagenolytic serine proteases. In this article, we review and compare the allergenicity and proteolytic effect of allergen serine proteases as listed in the Allergen Nomenclature and MEROPS databases and highlight their contribution to allergic sensitisation, disruption of the epithelial barrier and activation of innate immunity in allergic airways disease. The utility of small-molecule inhibitors of allergen serine proteases as a potential treatment strategy for allergic airways disease will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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3
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Zhou J, Liang G, Liu L, Feng S, Zheng Z, Wu Y, Chen X, Li X, Wang L, Wang L, Song Z. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes and increased inflammatory differentiated keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2336-2348. [PMID: 37326015 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by severe pruritus and eczematous lesions. Heterogeneity of AD has been reported among different racial groups according to clinical, molecular and genetic differences. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct an in-depth transcriptome analysis of AD in Chinese population. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of skin biopsies from five Chinese adult patients with chronic AD and from four healthy controls, combined with multiplexed immunohistochemical analysis in whole-tissue skin biopsies. We explored the functions of IL19 in vitro. RESULTS ScRNA-seq analysis was able to profile a total of 87,853 cells, with keratinocytes (KCs) in AD manifesting highly expressed keratinocyte activation and pro-inflammatory genes. KCs demonstrated a novel IL19+ IGFL1+ subpopulation that increased in AD lesions. Inflammatory cytokines IFNG, IL13, IL26 and IL22 were highly expressed in AD lesions. In vitro, IL19 directly downregulated KRT10 and LOR in HaCaT cells and activated HaCaT cells to produce TSLP. CONCLUSION Abnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes contribute immensely to the pathogenesis of AD, whereas AD chronic lesions have witnessed significant presence of IL19+ IGFL1+ KCs, which may be involved in the disruption of the skin barrier, the connection and magnification of Th2 and Th17 inflammatory responses, and mediation of skin pruritus. Furthermore, progressive activation of multiple immune axes dominated by Type 2 inflammatory reaction occur in AD chronic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaopeng Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujing Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengni Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaguang Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA & Department of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Song
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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N 6-methyladenosine of Spi2a attenuates inflammation and sepsis-associated myocardial dysfunction in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1185. [PMID: 36864027 PMCID: PMC9979126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria-triggered sepsis is characterized by systemic, uncontrolled inflammation in affected individuals. Controlling the excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequent organ dysfunction in sepsis remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that Spi2a upregulation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and myocardial impairment. In addition, exposure to LPS upregulates the lysine acetyltransferase, KAT2B, to promote METTL14 protein stability through acetylation at K398, leading to the increased m6A methylation of Spi2a in macrophages. m6A-methylated Spi2a directly binds to IKKβ to impair IKK complex formation and inactivate the NF-κB pathway. The loss of m6A methylation in macrophages aggravates cytokine production and myocardial damage in mice under septic conditions, whereas forced expression of Spi2a reverses this phenotype. In septic patients, the mRNA expression levels of the human orthologue SERPINA3 negatively correlates with those of the cytokines, TNF, IL-6, IL-1β and IFNγ. Altogether, these findings suggest that m6A methylation of Spi2a negatively regulates macrophage activation in the context of sepsis.
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ALK fusion NSCLC oncogenes promote survival and inhibit NK cell responses via SERPINB4 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216479120. [PMID: 36791109 PMCID: PMC9974509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216479120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion variants in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) consist of numerous dimerizing fusion partners. Retrospective investigations suggest that treatment benefit in response to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) differs dependent on the fusion variant present in the patient tumor. Therefore, understanding the oncogenic signaling networks driven by different ALK fusion variants is important. To do this, we developed controlled inducible cell models expressing either Echinoderm Microtubule Associated Protein Like 4 (EML4)-ALK-V1, EML4-ALK-V3, Kinesin Family Member 5B (KIF5B)-ALK, or TRK-fused gene (TFG)-ALK and investigated their transcriptomic and proteomic responses to ALK activity modulation together with patient-derived ALK-positive NSCLC cell lines. This allowed identification of both common and isoform-specific responses downstream of these four ALK fusions. An inflammatory signature that included upregulation of the Serpin B4 serine protease inhibitor was observed in both ALK fusion inducible and patient-derived cells. We show that Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) and Activator protein 1 (AP1) are major transcriptional regulators of SERPINB4 downstream of ALK fusions. Upregulation of SERPINB4 promotes survival and inhibits natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, which has potential for therapeutic impact targeting the immune response together with ALK TKIs in NSCLC.
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Increased Expression of SERPINB10 Associated with Postoperative Recurrence in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7164318. [PMID: 36398030 PMCID: PMC9666022 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7164318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common upper airway inflammatory disorder with a high rate of postoperative recurrence. SERPINB10 is a proinflammatory cytokine expressed on epithelial cells, but its role in CRSwNP has not been described. This study is aimed at exploring the SERPINB10 expression in CRSwNP and its relationship with postoperative recidivation. Methods We recruited 140 individuals, consisting of 60 patients with CRSwNP, 40 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 40 healthy controls (HCs). Tissue specimens were collected during the surgery, and SERPINB10 expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. We determined the tissue SERPINB10 expression levels in CRSwNP and examined its clinical value in predicting postoperative recurrence. Results We determined that tissue SERPINB10 mRNA and protein levels were increased in the CRSwNP group, especially in the recurrent CRSwNP group, compared with the CRSsNP and HC groups (p < 0.05), and SERPINB10 mRNA levels were correlated with peripheral and tissue eosinophil counts and percentages (p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves suggested that the expressions of tissue SERPINB10 mRNA were significantly linked to postoperative recurrence in CRSwNP patients (AUC = 0.741, p < 0.001). Conclusion Elevated local SERPINB10 levels in patients with CRSwNP were related to tissue eosinophilic inflammation and disease recurrence. These data suggested that SERPINB10 might contribute to the eosinophilic inflammation in CRSwNP and appeared to be a potential biomarker for the prediction of relapse after surgery.
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Vizuet-de-Rueda JC, Montero-Vargas JM, Galván-Morales MÁ, Porras-Gutiérrez-de-Velasco R, Teran LM. Current Insights on the Impact of Proteomics in Respiratory Allergies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105703. [PMID: 35628512 PMCID: PMC9144092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory allergies affect humans worldwide, causing extensive morbidity and mortality. They include allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS), aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and nasal polyps (NPs). The study of respiratory allergic diseases requires new technologies for early and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Omics technologies provide the tools required to investigate DNA, RNA, proteins, and other molecular determinants. These technologies include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. However, proteomics is one of the main approaches to studying allergic disorders' pathophysiology. Proteins are used to indicate normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. In this field, the principal goal of proteomics has been to discover new proteins and use them in precision medicine. Multiple technologies have been applied to proteomics, but that most used for identifying, quantifying, and profiling proteins is mass spectrometry (MS). Over the last few years, proteomics has enabled the establishment of several proteins for diagnosing and treating respiratory allergic diseases.
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Crosstalk between ILC2s and Th2 CD4+ T Cells in Lung Disease. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8871037. [PMID: 35592688 PMCID: PMC9113865 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8871037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine secretion, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and amphiregulin (Areg), by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) is indispensable for homeostasis, remodeling/repairing tissue structure, inflammation, and tumor immunity. Often viewed as the innate cell surrogate of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, ILC2s not only secrete the same type 2 cytokines, but are also inextricably related to CD4+T cells in terms of cell origin and regulatory factors, bridging between innate and adaptive immunity. ILC2s interact with CD4+T cells to play a leading role in a variety of diseases through secretory factors. Here, we review the latest progress on ILC2s and CD4+T cells in the lung, the close relationship between the two, and their relevance in the lung disease and immunity. This literature review aids future research in pulmonary type 2 immune diseases and guides innovative treatment approaches for these diseases.
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9
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen: Clinical Application and Research Status. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051065. [PMID: 35626221 PMCID: PMC9139199 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is a tumor marker that has gained increasing attention for its biological functions and significance in normal physiological and pathological processes. Not only SCCA but also circulating immune complexes of SCCA and immunoglobulin M (IgM) are involved in normal physiological and pathological processes, providing a background for numerous clinical studies aimed at assessing the potential role of SCCA, SCCA–IgM, and SCCA isoform complexes in clinical practice. Previous studies support the clinical value of SCCA as a tumor marker for either diagnosing squamous cancers or monitoring the response to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, tumor relapse, and treatment failure. However, these studies show contrasting results, making the diagnostic or prognostic value of SCCA controversial. To reduce clinical heterogeneity across studies and achieve a more accurate and reliable comparison of results, a standardized detection method, scoring system, and cutoff level need to be established. Moreover, despite the fact that performances of different methods are comparable, the dynamic observation of tumor marker kinetics should be conducted under the same method.
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10
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Mo Y, Ye L, Cai H, Zhu G, Wang J, Zhu M, Song X, Yang C, Jin M. SERPINB10 contributes to asthma by inhibiting the apoptosis of allergenic Th2 cells. Respir Res 2021; 22:178. [PMID: 34126986 PMCID: PMC8201873 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 10 (SERPINB10) contributes to allergic inflammation in asthma. However, its role in the T-helper type 2 (Th2) response of allergic asthma is not known. The goal of this study was to unveil the function of SERPINB10 in the Th2 response of allergic asthma and the mechanism by which SERPINB10 affects the viability of Th2 cells. METHODS Th2 cytokines and serum levels of house dust mite (HDM)-specific IgE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined by ELISA in an HDM-induced asthma model. The number and apoptosis of Th1 and Th2 cells in mouse lungs were measured by flow cytometry. Naïve CD4 T cells from patients with asthma were cultured under appropriate polarizing conditions to generate Th1 and Th2 cells. SERPINB10 expression in polarized Th1 and Th2 cells was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. SERPINB10 expression was knocked down in human CD4 T cells with lentivirus. RESULTS Knockdown of SERPINB10 expression significantly diminished HDM-induced Th2 cytokine secretion and level of HDM-specific IgE. After HDM exposure, SERPINB10-knockdown mice had diminished numbers of Th2 cells, but similar numbers of Th1 cells, compared with those in negative-control mice. Th2 cells of SERPINB10-knockdown mice were more susceptible to apoptosis than that of control mice. Stimulating T-cell receptors (TCRs) with anti-CD3 antibody caused upregulation of SERPINB10 expression in polarized Th2 cells, but not polarized Th1 cells. Knockdown of SERPINB10 expression resulted in fewer numbers and greater apoptosis of polarized Th2 cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SERPINB10 may contribute to allergic inflammation and the Th2 response of asthma by inhibiting the apoptosis of Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Mo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guiping Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengchan Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xixi Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chengyu Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang M, She W, Yang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang L. Gene Expression Analysis by Real-Time PCR in Nasal Brushings of Adult Patients with Allergic Rhinitis, Suspected Allergic Rhinitis, and Nonallergic Rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 182:301-310. [PMID: 33171477 DOI: 10.1159/000510942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial gene expression in allergic rhinitis patients has been evaluated by microarray. However, gene expression in patients with nonallergic rhinitis and suspected allergic rhinitis who reported allergen-related nasal symptoms but presented a negative atopic test was unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to observe and compare epithelial gene expression in patients with allergic rhinitis, suspected allergic rhinitis, and nonallergic rhinitis. METHODS Nasal brushings were collected from healthy controls and from patients with allergic rhinitis, suspected allergic rhinitis, and nonallergic rhinitis. The expressions of 20 genes selected from a previous microarray study were measured by real-time PCR. Associations of these genes with allergen type, disease duration and severity, the grade of nasal smear eosinophilia, and serum total IgE were analyzed. RESULTS Twelve genes were confirmed to be upregulated in current adult allergic rhinitis patients allergic to multiple allergens, and 10 of them were also increased in the suspected allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis groups. TFF3 and ITLN1 expressions were increased in allergic rhinitis and suspected allergic rhinitis, but not nonallergic rhinitis. Different expressions between the allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis groups were found for 3 genes: CST1, TFF3, and ITLN1. In the allergic rhinitis patients, all 12 genes were upregulated in the seasonal and perennial groups; 9 of these 12 genes were also upregulated in the mixed group. In suspected allergic rhinitis patients, all 12 genes were upregulated in the perennial group; 8 of these 12 genes were also upregulated in the seasonal group and only 5 in the mixed group. No gene expression was associated with disease duration and serum total IgE. GCNT3 was positively correlated with the grade of nasal smear eosinophilia in the suspected allergic rhinitis group. Different genes were found to be associated with disease severity in different rhinitis groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with allergic rhinitis, suspected allergic rhinitis, and nonallergic rhinitis showed much similarity with regard to epithelial gene expression; most genes were related to Th2 inflammation. CST1, TFF3, and ITLN1 might have the ability to differentiate allergic rhinitis from nonallergic rhinitis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying different types of rhinitis may be helpful for rhinitis diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu She
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China, .,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
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12
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Singh P, Sharma A, Jha R, Arora S, Ahmad R, Rahmani AH, Almatroodi SA, Dohare R, Syed MA. Transcriptomic analysis delineates potential signature genes and miRNAs associated with the pathogenesis of asthma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13354. [PMID: 32770056 PMCID: PMC7414199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a multifarious disease affecting several million people around the world. It has a heterogeneous risk architecture inclusive of both genetic and environmental factors. This heterogeneity can be utilised to identify differentially expressed biomarkers of the disease, which may ultimately aid in the development of more localized and molecularly targeted therapies. In this respect, our study complies with meta-analysis of microarray datasets containing mRNA expression profiles of both asthmatic and control patients, to identify the critical Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. We found a total of 30 DEGs out of which 13 were involved in the pathway and functional enrichment analysis. Moreover, 5 DEGs were identified as the hub genes by network centrality-based analysis. Most hub genes were involved in protease/antiprotease pathways. Also, 26 miRNAs and 20 TFs having an association with these hub genes were found to be intricated in a 3-node miRNA Feed-Forward Loop. Out of these, miR-34b and miR-449c were identified as the key miRNAs regulating the expression of SERPINB2 gene and SMAD4 transcription factor. Thus, our study is suggestive of certain miRNAs and unexplored pathways which may pave a way to unravel critical therapeutic targets in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Singh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Archana Sharma
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Rishabh Jha
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shweta Arora
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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13
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Pfaar O, Agache I, Blay F, Bonini S, Chaker AM, Durham SR, Gawlik R, Hellings PW, Jutel M, Kleine‐Tebbe J, Klimek L, Kopp MV, Nandy A, Rabin RL, Ree R, Renz H, Roberts G, Salapatek A, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Shamji MH, Sturm GJ, Virchow JC, Wahn U, Willers C, Zieglmayer P, Akdis CA. Perspectives in allergen immunotherapy: 2019 and beyond. Allergy 2019; 74 Suppl 108:3-25. [PMID: 31872476 DOI: 10.1111/all.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The seventh "Future of the Allergists and Specific Immunotherapy (FASIT)" workshop held in 2019 provided a platform for global experts from academia, allergy clinics, regulatory authorities and industry to review current developments in the field of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Key domains of the meeting included the following: (a) Biomarkers for AIT and allergic asthma; (b) visions for the future of AIT; (c) progress and data for AIT in asthma and the updates of GINA and EAACI Asthma Guidelines (separated for house dust mite SCIT, SLIT tablets and SLIT drops; patient populations) including a review of clinically relevant endpoints in AIT studies in asthma; (d) regulatory prerequisites such as the "Therapy Allergen Ordinance" in Germany; (e) optimization of trial design in AIT clinical research; (f) challenges planning and conducting phase III (field) studies and the future role of Allergen Exposure Chambers (AEC) in AIT product development from the regulatory point of view. We report a summary of panel discussions of all six domains and highlight unmet needs and possible solutions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital Marburg Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University Brasov Romania
| | - Frédéric Blay
- Pneumology Department New Civil Hospital Strasbourg‐Cedex France
| | - Sergio Bonini
- Institute of Translational Medicine Italian National Research Council Rome Italy
| | - Adam M. Chaker
- Department of Otolaryngology and Center of Allergy and Environment TUM School of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Stephen R. Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Radoslaw Gawlik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergology and Clinical Immunology Silesian University of Medicine Katowice Poland
| | - Peter W. Hellings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospitals of Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience University of Ghent Ghent Belgium
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- All‐Med Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
| | - Jörg Kleine‐Tebbe
- Allergy & Asthma Center Westend Outpatient Clinic and Clinical Research Center Berlin Germany
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden Germany
| | - Matthias V. Kopp
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Member of the Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL) Airway Research Center North (ARCN) Luebeck Germany
| | - Andreas Nandy
- Research & Development Allergopharma GmbH & Co. KG Reinbek Germany
| | - Ronald L. Rabin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| | - Ronald Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centers Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Harald Renz
- Department Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry Molecular Diagnostics University Giessen and Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Graham Roberts
- Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Centre St Mary’s Hospital Isle of Wight UK
| | | | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Lübeck Germany
| | - Mohamed H. Shamji
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Gunter J. Sturm
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
- Allergy Outpatient Clinic Reumannplatz Vienna Austria
| | - J. Christian Virchow
- Department Pulmonology & Interdisciplinary Intensive Care Medicine Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - Ulrich Wahn
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology Charité Medical University Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Christine‐Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
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Kanagalingam T, Solomon L, Vijeyakumaran M, Palikhe NS, Vliagoftis H, Cameron L. IL-2 modulates Th2 cell responses to glucocorticosteroid: A cause of persistent type 2 inflammation? IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2019; 7:112-124. [PMID: 30994266 PMCID: PMC6688076 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Glucocorticosteroids (GCs) are the main treatment for asthma as they reduce type 2 cytokine expression and induce apoptosis. Asthma severity is associated with type 2 inflammation, circulating Th2 cells and higher GC requirements. Objective The aim of this study was to assess whether ex vivo production of interleukin 2 (IL‐2), a T‐cell survival factor, associated with clinical features of asthma severity, the proportion of blood Th2 cells and Th2 cell responses to GC. Methods Peripheral blood from asthma patients (n = 18) was obtained and the proportion of Th2 cells determined by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood cells were activated with mitogen (24 hours) and supernatant levels of IL‐2 and IL‐13 measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro differentiated Th2 cells were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) and IL‐2 and assessed for apoptosis by flow cytometry (annexin V). Level of messenger RNA (mRNA) for antiapoptotic (BCL‐2) and proapoptotic (BIM) genes, IL‐13, GC receptor (GR) and FKBP5 were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. GR binding was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results IL‐2 produced by activated peripheral blood cells correlated negatively with lung function and positively with a daily dose of inhaled GC. When patients were stratified based on IL‐2 level, high IL‐2 producers made more IL‐13 and had a higher proportion of circulating Th2 cells. In vitro, increasing the level of IL‐2 in the culture media was associated with resistance to DEX‐induced apoptosis, with more BCL‐2/less BIM mRNA. Th2 cells cultured in high IL‐2 had more IL‐13, less GR mRNA, showed reduced binding of the GR to FKBP5, a known GC‐induced gene, and required higher concentrations of DEX for cytokine suppression. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance IL‐2 downregulates Th2 cell responses to GC, supporting both their survival and pro‐inflammatory capacity. These results suggest that a patient's potential to produce IL‐2 may be a determinant in asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharsan Kanagalingam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Solomon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meerah Vijeyakumaran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nami Shrestha Palikhe
- Department of Medicine, and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Department of Medicine, and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa Cameron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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