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Zhang L, Chen N, Zhan L, Bi T, Zhou W, Zhang L, Zhu L. Erchen Decoction alleviates obesity-related hepatic steatosis via modulating gut microbiota-drived butyric acid contents and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116811. [PMID: 37336336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Erchen decoction (ECD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula comprising six distinct herbs and has been documented to possess a protective effect against obesity. The study conducted previously demonstrated that ECD has the potential to effectively modulate the composition of gut microbiota and levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in obese rat. However, the regulatory mechanism of ECD on gut microbiota and SCFAs and further improvement of obesity have not been thoroughly explained. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to examine the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of ECD in a rat model of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with HFD-induced obesity were treated with ECD. Upon completion of the study, serum and liver samples were procured to conduct biochemical, pathological, and Western blotting analyses. The investigation of alterations in the gut microbiota subsequent to ECD treatment was conducted through the utilization of 16S rRNA sequencing. The metabolic alterations in the cecal contents were examined through the utilization of mass spectrometry-ultraperformance liquid chromatography. RESULTS ECD treatment improved lipid metabolic disorders and reduced hepatic steatosis in HFD-induced obese rats. Obese rat treated with ECD showed a higher abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Butyricicoccus, and lower abundance of disease-related bacteria, such as Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Sediminibacterium. Additionally, ECD caused an increase in total SCFAs levels; in particular, butyric acid was dramatically increased in the HFD group. Rats treated with ECD also exhibited significantly increased butyric acid concentrations in the serum and liver. The subsequent reduction in histone deacetylase 1 expression and increase in acetyl-histone 3-lysine 9 (H3K9ac) levels contributed to the promotion of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in liver by ECD. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that ECD regulates the gut microbiota and promotes butyric acid production to ameliorate obesity-related hepatic steatosis. The mechanism might be related to the promotion of FAO via a butyric acid-mediated increase in H3K9ac levels in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Libin Zhan
- Center for Innovative Engineering Technology in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for TCM Spleen-Viscera-State Modern Research, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China.
| | - Tingting Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lijing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lianlian Zhu
- Center for Innovative Engineering Technology in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for TCM Spleen-Viscera-State Modern Research, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China.
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Zelows MM, Cady C, Dharanipragada N, Mead AE, Kipp ZA, Bates EA, Varadharajan V, Banerjee R, Park SH, Shelman NR, Clarke HA, Hawkinson TR, Medina T, Sun RC, Lydic TA, Hinds TD, Brown JM, Softic S, Graf GA, Helsley RN. Loss of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a reduces docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids and drives sexually dimorphic liver disease in mice. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101815. [PMID: 37797918 PMCID: PMC10568566 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genome and epigenome wide association studies identified variants in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) that associate with lipid traits. The goal of this study was to determine the role of liver-specific CPT1a on hepatic lipid metabolism. APPROACH AND RESULTS Male and female liver-specific knockout (LKO) and littermate controls were placed on a low-fat or high-fat diet (60% kcal fat) for 15 weeks. Mice were necropsied after a 16 h fast, and tissues were collected for lipidomics, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging, kinome analysis, RNA-sequencing, and protein expression by immunoblotting. Female LKO mice had increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels which were associated with greater deposition of hepatic lipids, while male mice were not affected by CPT1a deletion relative to male control mice. Mice with CPT1a deletion had reductions in DHA-containing phospholipids at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)-containing phospholipids in whole liver and at the level of the lipid droplet (LD). Male and female LKO mice increased RNA levels of genes involved in LD lipolysis (Plin2, Cidec, G0S2) and in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism (Elovl5, Fads1, Elovl2), while only female LKO mice increased genes involved in inflammation (Ly6d, Mmp12, Cxcl2). Kinase profiling showed decreased protein kinase A activity, which coincided with increased PLIN2, PLIN5, and G0S2 protein levels and decreased triglyceride hydrolysis in LKO mice. CONCLUSIONS Liver-specific deletion of CPT1a promotes sexually dimorphic steatotic liver disease (SLD) in mice, and here we have identified new mechanisms by which females are protected from HFD-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikala M Zelows
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Corissa Cady
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nikitha Dharanipragada
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anna E Mead
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Evelyn A Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nathan R Shelman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Harrison A Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tara R Hawkinson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Terrymar Medina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ramon C Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Graf
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Zelows MM, Cady C, Dharanipragada N, Mead AE, Kipp ZA, Bates EA, Varadharajan V, Banerjee R, Park SH, Shelman NR, Clarke HA, Hawkinson TR, Medina T, Sun RC, Lydic TA, Hinds TD, Brown JM, Softic S, Graf GA, Helsley RN. Loss of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1a Reduces Docosahexaenoic Acid-Containing Phospholipids and Drives Sexually Dimorphic Liver Disease in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.553705. [PMID: 37645721 PMCID: PMC10462091 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Genome and epigenome wide association studies identified variants in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) that associate with lipid traits. The goal of this study was to determine the impact by which liver-specific CPT1a deletion impacts hepatic lipid metabolism. Approach and Results Six-to-eight-week old male and female liver-specific knockout (LKO) and littermate controls were placed on a low-fat or high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal fat) for 15 weeks. Mice were necropsied after a 16 hour fast, and tissues were collected for lipidomics, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), kinome analysis, RNA-sequencing, and protein expression by immunoblotting. Female LKO mice had increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels which were associated with greater deposition of hepatic lipids, while male mice were not affected by CPT1a deletion relative to male control mice. Mice with CPT1a deletion had reductions in DHA-containing phospholipids at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)-containing phospholipids in both whole liver and at the level of the lipid droplet (LD). Male and female LKO mice increased RNA levels of genes involved in LD lipolysis ( Plin2 , Cidec , G0S2 ) and in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism ( Elovl5, Fads1, Elovl2 ), while only female LKO mice increased genes involved in inflammation ( Ly6d, Mmp12, Cxcl2 ). Kinase profiling showed decreased protein kinase A (PKA) activity, which coincided with increased PLIN2, PLIN5, and G0S2 protein levels and decreased triglyceride hydrolysis in LKO mice. Conclusions Liver-specific deletion of CPT1a promotes sexually dimorphic steatotic liver disease (SLD) in mice, and here we have identified new mechanisms by which females are protected from HFD-induced liver injury. Graphical Summary
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Inter-Day Variation in the Fasting Plasma Lipopolysaccharide Concentration in the Morning Is Associated with Inter-Day Variation in Appetite in Japanese Males: A Short-Term Cohort Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030395. [PMID: 36984835 PMCID: PMC10053071 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a product of gut bacteria, into the blood increases blood triglycerides and cortisol, an appetite-stimulating hormone. Meanwhile, small amounts of LPS derived from gut bacteria are thought to enter the bloodstream from the gut in daily basis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LPS influx on appetite or lipid metabolism in humans in everyday life. We measured the fasting plasma LPS concentration before breakfast and the corresponding days’ appetite and fat-burning markers for 10 days in four Japanese males (28–31 years) and analyzed the correlation of their inter-day variation. The LPS concentration was negatively correlated with fullness, and positively correlated with the carbohydrate intake. Against our hypothesis, the LPS concentration was positively correlated with the fasting breath acetone concentration, a fat-burning marker. There was a positive correlation between the LPS concentration and fasting body mass index (BMI), but the inter-day variation in BMI was slight. The results suggest that the LPS influx in everyday life is at least associated with appetite in the day.
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Strunz PP, Vuille-Dit-Bille RN, R Fox M, Geier A, Maggiorini M, Gassmann M, Fruehauf H, Lutz TA, Goetze O. Effect of high altitude on human postprandial 13 C-octanoate metabolism, intermediary metabolites, gastrointestinal peptides, and visceral perception. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14225. [PMID: 34342373 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At high altitude (HA), acute mountain sickness (AMS) is accompanied by neurologic and upper gastrointestinal symptoms (UGS). The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that delayed gastric emptying (GE), assessed by 13 C-octanoate breath testing (OBT), causes UGS in AMS. The secondary aim was to assess post-gastric mechanisms of OBT, which could confound results under these conditions, by determination of intermediary metabolites, gastrointestinal peptides, and basal metabolic rate. METHODS A prospective trial was performed in 25 healthy participants (15 male) at 4559 m (HA) and at 490 m (Zurich). GE was assessed by OBT (428 kcal solid meal) and UGS by visual analogue scales (VAS). Blood sampling of metabolites (glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), beta-hydroxyl butyrate (BHB), L-lactate) and gastrointestinal peptides (insulin, amylin, PYY, etc.) was performed as well as blood gas analysis and spirometry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS variance analyses, bivariate correlation, and multilinear regression analysis. RESULTS After 24 h under hypoxic conditions at HA, participants developed AMS (p < 0.001). 13 CO2 exhalation kinetics increased (p < 0.05) resulting in reduced estimates of gastric half-emptying times (p < 0.01). However, median resting respiratory quotients and plasma profiles of TG indicated that augmented beta-oxidation was the main predictor of accelerated 13 CO2 -generation under these conditions. CONCLUSION Quantification of 13 C-octanoate oxidation by a breath test is sensitive to variation in metabolic (liver) function under hypoxic conditions. 13 C-breath testing using short-chain fatty acids is not reliable for measurement of gastric function at HA and should be considered critically in other severe hypoxic conditions, like sepsis or chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick-Pascal Strunz
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Wurzburg, Germany
| | | | - Mark R Fox
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Digestive Function: Basel, Laboratory and Clinic for Motility Disorders and Functional Digestive Diseases, Klinik Arlesheim, Arlesheim, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Maggiorini
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Fruehauf
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zentrum für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Goetze
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Wurzburg, Germany
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Multi-Omics Analysis to Generate Hypotheses for Mild Health Problems in Monkeys. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100701. [PMID: 34677416 PMCID: PMC8538200 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain symptoms associated with mild sickness and lethargy have not been categorized as definitive diseases. Confirming such symptoms in captive monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, known as cynomolgus monkeys) can be difficult; however, it is possible to observe and analyze their feces. In this study, we investigated the relationship between stool state and various omics data by considering objective and quantitative values of stool water content as a phenotype for analysis. By examining the food intake of the monkeys and assessing their stool, urine, and plasma, we attempted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the health status of individual monkeys and correlate it with the stool condition. Our metabolomics data strongly suggested that many lipid-related metabolites were correlated with the stool water content. The lipidomic analysis revealed the involvement of saturated and oxidized fatty acids, metallomics revealed the contribution of selenium (a bio-essential trace element), and intestinal microbiota analysis revealed the association of several bacterial species with the stool water content. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the redox imbalance causes minor health problems. However, it is not possible to make a definite conclusion using multi-omics alone, and other hypotheses could be proposed.
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Ibi D, Noordam R, van Klinken JB, Li-Gao R, de Mutsert R, Trompet S, Christen T, Blauw LL, van Heemst D, Mook-Kanamori DO, Rosendaal FR, Jukema JW, Dollé MET, Rensen PCN, van Dijk KW. Genome-Wide Association Study of the Postprandial Triglyceride Response Yields Common Genetic Variation in LIPC (Hepatic Lipase). CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e002693. [PMID: 32603185 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations in response to a meal is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to elucidate the genetics of the postprandial TG response through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). METHODS Participants of the NEO (Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity) study (n=5630) consumed a liquid mixed meal after an overnight fast. GWAS of fasting and postprandial serum TG at 150 minutes were performed. To identify genetic variation of postprandial TG independent of fasting TG, we calculated the TG response at 150 minutes by the residuals of a nonlinear regression that predicted TG at 150 minutes as a function of fasting TG. Association analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and principal components in a linear regression model. Next, using the identified variants as determinants, we performed linear regression analyses on the residuals of the postprandial response of 149 nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolite measures. RESULTS GWAS of fasting TG and postprandial serum TG at 150 minutes resulted in completely overlapping loci, replicating previous GWAS. From GWAS of the TG response, we identified rs7350789-A (allele frequency=0.36), mapping to hepatic lipase (LIPC), to be associated with a smaller increase in TG concentrations at 150 minutes (β=-0.11; P-value=5.1×10-8). Rs7350789-A was associated with responses of 33 metabolite measures (P-value <1.34×10-3), mainly smaller increases of the TG-component in almost all HDL (high-density lipoprotein) subparticles (HDL-TG), a smaller decrease of HDL diameter and smaller increases of most components of VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) subparticles. CONCLUSIONS GWAS of the TG response identified a variant near LIPC as a main contributor to postprandial TG metabolism independent of fasting TG concentrations, resulting in smaller increases of HDL-TG and VLDL subparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Ibi
- Department of Human Genetics (D.I., J.B.v.K., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine (R.N., D.v.H.)
| | | | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | | | - Tim Christen
- Department of Human Genetics (D.I., J.B.v.K., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Lisanne L Blauw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (J.B.v.K., L.L.B., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine (R.N., D.v.H.)
| | | | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | | | - Martijn E T Dollé
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands (D.I., M.E.T.D.)
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (J.B.v.K., L.L.B., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
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LRRC19-A Bridge between Selenium Adjuvant Therapy and Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Study Based on Datamining. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040440. [PMID: 32316597 PMCID: PMC7230350 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common and fatal subtype of renal cancer. Antagonistic associations between selenium and cancer have been reported in previous studies. Selenium compounds, as anti-cancer agents, have been reported and approved for clinical trials. The main active form of selenium in selenoproteins is selenocysteine (Sec). The process of Sec biosynthesis and incorporation into selenoproteins plays a significant role in biological processes, including anti-carcinogenesis. However, a comprehensive selenoprotein mRNA analysis in KIRC remains absent. In the present study, we examined all 25 selenoproteins and identified key selenoproteins, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) and type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1), with the associated prognostic biomarker leucine-rich repeat containing 19 (LRRC19) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We performed validations for the key gene expression levels by two individual clear cell renal cell carcinoma cohorts, GSE781 and GSE6344, datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that low expression of LRRC19 was an independent risk factor for OS. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified tyrosine metabolism, metabolic pathways, peroxisome, and fatty acid degradation as differentially enriched with the high LRRC19 expression in KIRC cases, which are involved in selenium therapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In conclusion, low expression of LRRC19 was identified as an independent risk factor, which will advance our understanding concerning the selenium adjuvant therapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
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Sesamol Alleviates Obesity-Related Hepatic Steatosis via Activating Hepatic PKA Pathway. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020329. [PMID: 31991934 PMCID: PMC7071159 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of sesamol (SEM) on the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in obesity-related hepatic steatosis treatment by using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and a palmitic acid (PA)-treated HepG2 cell line. SEM reduced the body weight gain of obese mice and alleviated related metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, lipid accumulation in the liver and HepG2 cells was reduced by SEM. SEM downregulated the gene and protein levels of lipogenic regulator factors, and upregulated the gene and protein levels of the regulator factors responsible for lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation. Meanwhile, SEM activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which might explain the regulatory effect of SEM on fatty acid β-oxidation and lipogenesis. Additionally, the PKA-C and phospho-PKA substrate levels were higher after SEM treatment. Further research found that after pretreatment with the PKA inhibitor, H89, lipid accumulation was increased even with SEM administration in HepG2 cells, and the effect of SEM on lipid metabolism-related regulator factors was abolished by H89. In conclusion, SEM has a positive therapeutic effect on obesity and obesity-related hepatic steatosis by regulating the hepatic lipid metabolism mediated by the PKA pathway.
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Peron G, Sut S, Dal Ben S, Voinovich D, Dall'Acqua S. Untargeted UPLC-MS metabolomics reveals multiple changes of urine composition in healthy adult volunteers after consumption of curcuma longa L. extract. Food Res Int 2019; 127:108730. [PMID: 31882111 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa L. is used as food supplement to prevent diseases, although limited studies have been performed on healthy subjects up to now. In the present work, an untargeted UPLC-MS metabolomics approach was applied to study the changes of 24-hours urinary composition on healthy volunteers due to a 28-days daily consumption of a dried C. longa extract containing a standardized amount of curcuminoids. Changes in the excretion of different metabolites were observed after supplementation. Curcumin and two metabolic derivatives (hexahydrocurcumin and dihydrocurcumin) were detected in urine, indicating the absorption of the main curcuminoid from the extract and its further metabolism by liver and gut microbiota. For the first time ar-turmerone, the main apolar constituent of curcuma, was detected in urine in intact form, and its presence was confirmed by a targeted GC-MS analysis. The increase of tetranor-PGJM and tetranor-PGDM, two prostaglandin-D2 metabolites, was observed, being related to the anti-inflammatory effect exerted by curcuma. The variation of the amounts of HPAG, PAG, proline-betaine and hydroxyphenyllactic acid indicate that the supplementation induced changes to the activity of gut microbiota. Finally, the reduced excretion of niacin metabolites (nicotinuric acid, trigonelline and 2PY) and medium- and short-chain acylcarnitines suggests that curcuma could induce the mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids for energy production in healthy subjects. Overall, the results indicate that a prolonged daily consumption of a dried curcuma extract exerts multiple effects on healthy subjects, furthermore they show the opportunity offered by untargeted metabolomics for the study of the bioactivity of natural extracts in healthy human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Peron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Simone Dal Ben
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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