1
|
Park SM, Kim DB, Joo MJ, Park EC. Association between living alone and generalized anxiety disorder in Korean adults. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:630-637. [PMID: 39029664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the rise in single-person households poses a potential risk to mental health, with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) being a prominent concern. The proliferation of single-person households may exacerbate social isolation and foster loneliness and anxiety. Notably, research investigating the association between single-person households and GAD remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between single-person households and GAD across sexes in Korea. METHODS We utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2021 and 2022, comprising a sample of 9936 participants aged 19 or older. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screening Tool (GAD-7) was employed to assess anxiety levels in adults. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the correlation between single-person households and GAD. RESULTS The reference variable used in the analysis was multi-person households (consisting of two or more individuals). The association between single-person households and GAD was statistically significant across sexes (male: odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95 % CI: 1.15-3.20; female: OR: 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.03-2.36). Participants in single-person households exhibited higher scores on the GAD-7 compared with those in multi-person households. Notably, marital status and education level displayed disparate effects based on sex, whereas physical activity demonstrated consistent effects irrespective of sex. LIMITATIONS Given the use of cross-sectional data, only correlations could be established. CONCLUSION The findings indicate an elevated risk of GAD in single-person households compared with multi-person households. Furthermore, promoting physical activity emerged as a potential strategy for mitigating GAD in single-person households.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Bi Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Joo
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Robles E, Angelone C, Ondé D, Vázquez C. Somatic symptoms in the general population of Spain: Validation and normative data of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15). J Affect Disord 2024; 362:762-771. [PMID: 39029703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) has been widely used to assess somatic symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the PHQ-15, its structure and score distribution across demographic variables in a Spanish sample. In addition, we examined variations in somatic symptoms among different demographic subgroups. METHOD 1495 individuals from the Spanish population answered a series of self-reported measures, including PHQ-15. To examine the factorial structure of the PHQ-15, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed. Additionally, a bifactor CFA model was examined using the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) framework. RESULTS Women showed more somatic symptoms than men, and younger individuals showed more somatic symptoms than the older ones. It was also revealed positive associations between somatic symptoms and levels of depression, anxiety, and suspiciousness, while negative associations were found between somatic symptoms and perceived resilience and happiness. Regarding the factorial structure of the PHQ-15, although the one-factor and bifactor models were suitable, the bifactor model underscores the presence of a robust general factor. LIMITATIONS It is a cross-sectional study, not including non-institutionalized individuals. CONCLUSION Somatic symptoms are more frequent in women and younger individuals. Furthermore, the presence of physical symptoms is associated to other psychological aspects, such as depression or anxiety. Finally, bifactor model was the most appropriate to explain the factorial structure of the PHQ-15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Robles
- School of Psychology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Angelone
- School of Psychology and Education, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Ondé
- School of Psychology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vázquez
- School of Psychology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saleh NEH, Hamiye F, Summaka M, Zein H, El Mazbouh R, Naim I. Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Lebanese Lower Limb Traumatic Amputees: Association with Education, Employment, Adjustment to Amputation and Prosthesis Satisfaction. Psychiatry 2023; 87:51-64. [PMID: 38133532 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2023.2286880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo examine and compare the association between the presence of depression and anxiety symptoms and different sociodemographic and clinical factors including the adjustment to amputation and prosthesis satisfaction among Lebanese individuals with lower limb amputation (LLA). Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and May 2023 among 72 participants with LLA. Participants completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic and clinical variables, the revised Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scale (TAPES-R), and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25). Result: Using the HSCL depression and anxiety cut-off, 25% of participants were categorized as having depression symptoms, with unemployment being significantly associated (p-value < .05) with depression. Similarly, 25% were classified as having anxiety symptoms, with both lower education and unemployment (p-value < .05) significantly linked to anxiety. TAPES-R subscales scores exhibited significant differences between non-depressed and depressed, as well as non-anxious and anxious participants (p-value < .05). Correlation analysis demonstrated significant relationship between HSCL scales and TAPES-R subscales; lower scores in adjustment to amputation and prosthesis satisfaction were moderately associated with increased rates of depression (r ranging between -0.331 and -0.500, p-values < .005) and increased rates of anxiety symptoms (r ranging between -0.362 and -0.441, p-values < .002). In addition, higher scores in activity limitation were moderately correlated to increased rates of depression and anxiety (r = 0.438 for anxiety and 0.490 for depression; p < .001). Conclusion: Mental health symptoms are associated with educational level, employment status, and adjustment to amputation and prosthesis satisfaction in Lebanese individuals with LLA. These findings should be considered to achieve optimal prosthetic rehabilitation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin Y, Li J, Ye J, Luo X, Wilson A, Mu L, Zhou P, Lv Y, Wang Y. Mapping associations between anxiety and sleep problems among outpatients in high-altitude areas: a network analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:341. [PMID: 37189050 PMCID: PMC10184966 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and sleep problems are common comorbidities among outpatients living in high-altitude areas. Network analysis is a novel method to investigate the interaction and the association between symptoms across diverse disorders. This study used network analysis to investigate the network structure symptoms of anxiety and sleep problems among outpatients in high-altitude areas, and to explore the differences in symptom associations in various sex, age, educational levels and employment groups. METHODS The data was collected from the Sleep Medicine Center of The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from November 2017 to January 2021 with consecutive recruitment (N = 11,194). Anxiety and sleep problems were measured by the Chinese version of the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) respectively. Central symptoms were identified based on centrality indices and bridge symptoms were identified with bridge indices. The difference of network structures in various sex, age, educational levels and employment groups were also explored. RESULTS Among all the cases, 6,534 (58.37%; 95% CI: 57.45-59.29%) reported experiencing anxiety (GAD-7 total scores ≥ 5), and 7,718 (68.94%; 95% CI: 68.08-69.80%) reported experiencing sleep problems (PSQI total scores ≥ 10). Based on the results of network analysis, among participants, "Nervousness", "Trouble relaxing", "Uncontrollable worry" were the most critical central symptoms and bridge symptoms within the anxiety and sleep problems network structure. The adjusted network model after controlling for covariates was significantly correlated with the original (r = 0.75, P = 0.46). Additionally, there were significant differences in edge weights in the comparisons between sex, age and educational levels groups (P < 0.001), while the employed and unemployed groups did not show significant differences in edge weights (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the anxiety and sleep problems network model, among outpatients living in high-altitude areas, nervousness, uncontrollable worry, and trouble relaxing were the most central symptoms and bridge symptoms. Moreover, there were significant differences between various sex, age and educational levels. These findings can be used to provide clinical suggestions for psychological interventions and measures targeting to reduce symptoms that exacerbate mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Sleep Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xianyu Luo
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Lanxue Mu
- Department of Sleep Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Pinyi Zhou
- Department of Sleep Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yunhui Lv
- Department of Sleep Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shin H, Park C. Social network typologies moderate the association of loneliness with depressive symptomatology in middle-aged and older adults. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1141370. [PMID: 37215658 PMCID: PMC10198616 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1141370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression remains among the most prevalent mental disorders, and it severely affects daily functioning and quality of life. There has been extensive research reporting on the impact of social relationships on depression, but much of this research has only considered isolated aspects of relationships. This study derived social network types based on the multiple components of social relationships, and then investigated their effects on depressive symptoms. Methods Using samples of 620 adults (Mage = 53.52), Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted to uncover network types based on the structural (network size, contact frequency, marital status, and social engagement), functional (levels of support and conflict), and qualitative (satisfaction with relationships) aspects of social relationships. Multiple regressions were used to test if distinct network types directly impact on depressive symptoms and whether network types moderate the association of loneliness (perceived social isolation) with depressive symptoms. Results LPA identified four distinct network types (diverse, family-focused, friend-focused, and restricted) and there were significant differences in depressive symptoms among four network types. Analysis using the BCH method showed that individuals in the restricted network type had the highest depressive symptoms, followed in order by individuals in the friend-focused, family-focused, and diverse network types. Regression results further indicated that an individual's network network type membership was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and being in the diverse and family-focused network types alleviated the negative effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms. Conclusion The results suggest that both quantitative and qualitative aspects of social relationships are important in buffering against the adverse effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the utility of taking a multi-dimensional approach to uncover heterogeneity in the social networks of adults and their implications on depression.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lawrence KC, Adebowale TA. Adolescence dropout risk predictors: Family structure, mental health, and self-esteem. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:120-136. [PMID: 35615901 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the predictive roles of family structure, mental health, and self-esteem in dropout risk among school-going adolescents in the Ibadan Municipality of Oyo State, Nigeria. A quantitative research design approach was adopted. A total of 287 school-going adolescents with consistent record of absenteeism were randomly selected from 14 schools in the Ibadan Municipality. A single adapted questionnaire divided into sections was used to collect data. The hypotheses raised were tested using the Pearson's product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. The study established that the relationship between dropout risk, lack of family structure (r = 0.491, n = 287, p < 0.05), mental health (r = 0.373, n = 287, p < 0.05), and self-esteem (r = 0.428, n = 287, p < 0.05) of the participants was significant. Furthermore, the joint influence of the predictive variables (family structure, mental health, and self-esteem) was also significant on dropout risk (R = 0.489, adjusted R2 of 0.398). The study concludes that dropout risk among school-going adolescents can be safeguarded with factors such as family structure, mental health, and self-esteem as guided against. Hence, the family structure, mental health, and self-esteem are very crucial if the upsurge of school dropout that is bedeviling the society will be reduced to bearable level or eradicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Titilola A Adebowale
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang G, Cai C, Zou W, Jing L, Wu S. Depressive symptoms and socioeconomic status among the labor force: Evidence from China’s representative sample. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272199. [PMID: 35994489 PMCID: PMC9394851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this paper is to describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the Chinese labor force; to explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and socioeconomic status among the Chinese labor force, including both the structural determinants and the intermediary determinants of health inequities; and to identify vulnerable populations who would benefit from intervention measures. Methods Data were from the China Labor-Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) 2016. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The World Health Organization’s theoretical framework of the social determinants of health was adopted to analyze the relationship between social determinants and depressive symptoms. Results Of the participants in the research from the Chinese labor force, 17.34% were identified as having depressive symptoms. Depression was significantly related to socioeconomic factors such as hukou status (p < 0.05 in the age < 45 model), education (p < 0.01 in all five models), employment (p < 0.05 in the male model), income (p < 0.05 in all five models), and self-assessed social class position (p < 0.01 in all five models). Intermediary factors were also related to depressive symptoms, such as gender (p < 0.001 in the overall model), age (p < 0.05 in the overall model), marriage (p < 0.05 in the female model), occupational exposure (p < 0.01 in the overall model), exercise (p < 0.05 in all five models), and health insurance (p < 0.05 in the overall model). The results showed that low socioeconomic status was associated with an increased risk of depression and there were some gradient changes in the distribution of depressive symptoms in socioeconomic status. Conclusions The findings showed that depression symptoms are significantly related to structural determinants and intermediary determinants in China’s labor force. There are some gradient changes in the distribution of depressive symptoms among people of different socioeconomic status. Low socioeconomic status is associated with increased risk of depression. Women, older people, and single and divorced people are the relative vulnerable groups in China’s labor force.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhang
- Department of Public Administration, School of Politics and Public Administration, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Zou
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Jing
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaolong Wu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El Frenn Y, Hallit S, Obeid S, Soufia M. Association of the time spent on social media news with depression and suicidal ideation among a sample of Lebanese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and the Lebanese economic crisis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35582433 PMCID: PMC9099267 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The main objectives were to associate between social media news consumption during these unstable times and depression, as well as suicidal ideation among a sample of Lebanese adults, in addition to associate between fear of Covid-19, depression and suicidal ideation. Secondary objectives aimed to check the mediating effect of depression in the association between time spent on social media to get the news and the presence of suicidal ideation. This is a cross-sectional study executed between April and May 2021. It involved 402 Lebanese citizens aged 18 years and above, selected randomly from all Lebanese districts. Having cancer (Beta = 0.20) or lung disease (Beta = 0.27), more fear of COVID-19 (Beta = 0.16), a higher time spent on social media for news (Beta = 0.13) and a higher household crowding index (Beta = 0.29) were significantly associated with more depression, whereas having a pet in the house (Beta = -0.13) and working in the medical field (Beta = -0.17) were significantly associated with less depression. Higher depression (aOR = 1.19) was significantly associated with higher odds of having suicidal ideation, whereas more fear of COVID-19 (aOR = 0.84) and older age (aOR = 0.96) were significantly associated with less odds of having suicidal ideation. Depression did not mediate the association between time spent on social media to get the news and suicidal ideation. This study showed that more time spent on social media reading the news is associated with higher depression but not suicidal ideation. Fear of Covid-19 is associated with more depression, but less suicidal ideation. Further studies are needed to identify the causality between social media news consumption, depression and suicidal ideation. Moreover, awareness campaigns should be organized to teach people how to consume social media news in a responsible way, without letting it affect their emotions directly, which may cause psychological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara El Frenn
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478 Saudi Arabia
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Michel Soufia
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lozupone M, D'Urso F, Copetti M, Sardone R, Arcuti S, Castellana F, Galizia I, Lofano L, Veneziani F, Piccininni C, Barulli MR, Grasso A, Battista P, Tortelli R, Capozzo R, Griseta C, Doricchi F, Quaranta N, Resta E, Daniele A, Seripa D, Solfrizzi V, Bellomo A, Logroscino G, Panza F. The diagnostic accuracy of late-life depression is influenced by subjective memory complaints and educational level in an older population in Southern Italy. Psychiatry Res 2022; 308:114346. [PMID: 34953202 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of late-life depression (LLD) depends on the study sample, measurements, and diagnostic approaches. We estimated the 30 item-Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) accuracy against the gold standard LLD diagnosis made with the Semi-structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, focusing on the prevalence of a late-life major depressive disorder (MDD), in a population-based sample of 843 subjects aged>65 years, subdivided into three groups: normal cognition, subjective memory complaints, and mild cognitive impairment. At the optimal cut-off score (≥4), the GDS-30 showed 65.1% sensitivity and 68.4% specificity for LLD (63% and 66% for late-life MDD, respectively). Using the standard cut-off score (≥10), the GDS-30 specificity reached 91.2%, while sensitivity dropped to 37.7%, indicating a lower screening accuracy [area under the curve(AUC):0.728, 95% confidence interval(CI):0.67-0-78]. The GDS-30 performance was associated with educational level, but not with age, gender, cognition, apathy, and somatic/psychiatric multimorbidity. For subjective memory complaints subjects, at the optimal cut-off score (≥7), the GDS-30 showed better discrimination performances (AUC=0.792,95%CI:0.60-0.98), but again the educational level affected the diagnostic performance. In subjective memory complaints subjects, symptom-based scales like the GDS-30 may feature a better performance for diagnosing depression in older age, but the GDS-30 seems to require adjustment to the patient's educational level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madia Lozupone
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy; Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesca D'Urso
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Arcuti
- Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Galizia
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Lofano
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Veneziani
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Carla Piccininni
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Barulli
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Grasso
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosa Capozzo
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Griseta
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Doricchi
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nicola Quaranta
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Resta
- Translational Medicine & Management of Health Systems, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, ASL Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- "Cesare Frugoni" Internal and Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Francesco Panza
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Laboratorio di Neuropsicologia dell'Attenzione, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prevalence of Anxiety in Smoking Cessation: A Worldwide Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
ÖZCAN TOZOĞLU E, ALKAN E, ÖZPOLAT G. Covid-19 pandemisinde toplum ruh sağlığı merkezlerinin hizmet şekli değişikliği ile şizofreni hastalarındaki anksiyete düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.903054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
12
|
Amiri S. Unemployment associated with major depression disorder and depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:2080-2092. [PMID: 34259616 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1954793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. This study investigated the association between unemployment and depressive symptoms and major depression disorder worldwide using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. Search time was limited to all articles published in English until December 2020. In the association between unemployment and depression, first, the results of qualified studies were extracted and, then, the results of each study were pooled with each other using the random effects method. Results. The prevalence of depression in the unemployed is 21%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [18, 24%]. This prevalence for depression symptoms is 24%, 95% CI [20, 28%] and for major depressive disorder is 16%, 95% CI [9-24%]. The association between unemployment and depressive symptoms was odds ratio (OR) 2.06, 95% CI [1.85, 2.30] and the association for major depressive disorder was OR 1.88, 95% CI [1.57, 2.25]. The association between unemployment and depression in men was OR 2.27, 95% CI [1.76, 2.93] and in women was OR 1.62, 95% CI [1.40, 1.87]. Conclusions. What is clear from the present study is that unemployment can lead to a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder, thereby undermining the mental health of the unemployed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Orrù G, Bertelloni D, Diolaiuti F, Conversano C, Ciacchini R, Gemignani A. A Psychometric Examination of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Scale in the Italian Population. Front Psychol 2021; 12:669384. [PMID: 34220641 PMCID: PMC8249697 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has caused not only significant physical health problems but also mental health disorders. Anxiety and fear appear to be the main psychological symptoms associated with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to investigate whether anxiety and fear related to COVID-19 are influenced by sociodemographics and whether specific conditions, such as positivity for COVID-19 or death among relatives and friends, can further enhance these symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, 697 Italians responded to an online survey assessing sociodemographic information, the presence/absence of positive cases, or deaths due to COVID-19 among relatives or acquaintances. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCS-19S) were administered in order to assess the levels of anxiety and fear associated with COVID-19. The data were collected in November 2020. Anxiety and fear scores were positively correlated. Both male and female subjects with higher CAS scores also displayed higher FCS-19S scores. The CAS and FCS-19S scores tended to increase with age, with older subjects exhibiting higher scores than younger subjects. Additionally, respondents with lower educational levels demonstrated higher scores on both the CAS and FCS-19S. Similarly, respondents living with older people and/or experiencing the death of one or more relatives due to COVID-19 exhibited corresponding outcomes. This study demonstrates how the levels of anxiety and fear, measured by CAS and FCS-19S associated with COVID-19, are influenced by gender, age, cohabitation status, educational levels, and the presence of positive cases or deaths due to COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Orrù
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Bertelloni
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Diolaiuti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ciacchini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anindyajati G, Wiguna T, Murtani BJ, Christian H, Wigantara NA, Putra AA, Hanafi E, Minayati K, Ismail RI, Kaligis F, Savitri AI, Uiterwaal CSPM, Diatri H. Anxiety and Its Associated Factors During the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:634585. [PMID: 33790817 PMCID: PMC8006395 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus which has not been identified previously in humans. The disease leads to respiratory problems, systemic disorders, and death. To stop the virus transmission, physical distancing was strongly implemented, including working and school from home (WFH & SFH). The limitation altered daily routines and needs advanced to adapt. Many have felt uncomfortable and this could have triggered anxiety symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of significant anxiety symptoms and its association with COVID-19-related situations in an Indonesian context during the initial months of the pandemic. Methods: An online community survey was distributed through social media and communication platforms, mainly WhatsApp, targeting people >18 years old in Indonesia. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (Indonesian Version). Demographical data and information on social situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic were collected. The proportion of clinically significant anxiety symptoms was calculated and the association with demographic and social factors was assessed using chi square test (χ2) and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results: Out of 1215 subjects that completed the survey, 20.2% (n = 245) exhibited significant anxiety symptoms. Several factors, such as age (AOR = 0.933 CI 95% = 0.907-0.96), sex (AOR = 1.612 CI 95% = 1.097-2.369), medical workers (AOR = 0.209 CI 95% = 0.061-0.721), suspected case of COVID-19 (AOR = 1.786 CI 95% = 1.001-3.186), satisfaction level of family support (AOR = 3.052 CI 95% = 1.883-4.946), and satisfaction level of co-workers (AOR = 2.523 CI 95% = 1.395-4.562), were associated with anxiety. Conclusion: One out of five Indonesian people could have suffered from anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. The riskiest group being young females, people who had suspected cases of COVID-19, and those with less satisfying social support. Nevertheless, health workers were found to have a lesser risk of developing anxiety. Accessible information and healthcare, social connection, supportive environment, and mental health surveillance are important to prevent bigger psychiatric problems post-pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Anindyajati
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tjhin Wiguna
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Belinda Julivia Murtani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hans Christian
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ngurah Agung Wigantara
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anggi Aviandri Putra
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Enjeline Hanafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kusuma Minayati
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Raden Irawati Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fransiska Kaligis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ary I. Savitri
- The Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal
- Julius Global Health/Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hervita Diatri
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vallée A, Wiernik E, Kab S, Lemogne C, Goldberg M, Zins M, Blacher J. Association of depressive symptoms and socioeconomic status in determination of blood pressure levels and hypertension: The CONSTANCES population based study. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:282-291. [PMID: 33096326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent association between depression and hypertension has been highlighted. The association of depression with blood pressure (BP) might depend upon socioeconomic status (SES), but evidence remains weak. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine how the associations between depressive symptoms and BP levels and hypertension and then, according to SES variables (education, income, occupational status). METHODS Among 66,478 volunteers of the French CONSTANCES cohort (31,093 men; mean age (standard deviation): 47.8 (12.9) years), depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). Overall associations between depressive symptoms and BP and hypertension were estimated using regressions and by stratifying on SES. RESULTS SES were associated with BP in both genders. CES-D score was negatively associated with systolic BP (SBP) in women (b=-0.62 95%CI [-1.03; -0.21] and in men (b=-1.03 95%CI [-1.45; -0.61]) but not with diastolic BP (DBP) in both genders. In women, the decrease in SBP and DBP was more pronounced as educational level increases (p for interaction: 0.012 and 0.013, respectively). In men, few interactions were observed between CES-D score and SES factors for BP levels. The association between CES-D score and hypertension was significant for men, OR=0.86, 95%CI [0.80; 0.93] but not for women, OR=1.03, 95%CI [0.96; 1.10]. No interactions were observed between CES-D score and SES for hypertension. CONCLUSION Gender differences were observed for considering depressive symptoms according to SES factors for BP variation and hypertension. In women, educational level was the SES factor which has the main modifying effect on this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP; University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- Inserm, UMS011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, Villejuif, France
| | - Sofiane Kab
- Inserm, UMS011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, Villejuif, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaire Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, 75015, Paris, France; Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Inserm, UMS011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Inserm, UMS011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Blacher
- Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP; University of Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee CF, Lin YH, Chi LK, Lin HM, Huang JP. The Evidence Base in Exercise Knowledge of Pregnant Women: A Latent Class Analysis. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2020; 17:437-447. [PMID: 33085219 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has many benefits for women with uncomplicated pregnancies. However, poor exercise knowledge may contribute to problems or barriers that reduce a woman's level of exercise after becoming pregnant. AIM This study was performed to identify pregnancy exercise knowledge among pregnant women using latent class analysis and to examine the relationship between pregnancy exercise knowledge patterns and sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN A descriptive, cross-sectional approach was used in this study. METHODS Participants were recruited from the prenatal outpatient departments of two hospitals and a certified prenatal center in Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 618 participants completed a pregnancy exercise knowledge test. The data were analyzed using WINMIRA and SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS Two latent classes were identified based on exercise knowledge among pregnant women. The Accurate Knowledge group (n = 543, 87.9%), which had a higher latent trait for exercise knowledge (M = 1.31, SD = 0.94), was larger than the Limited Knowledge group (n = 75, 12.1%), which had a lower latent trait (M = -0.22, SD = 1.14). The principles of exercise for pregnant women, particularly the appropriate intensity and duration, may be difficult items for women in the Limited Knowledge group to understand. Women with Limited Knowledge had significantly lower education levels and greater rates of unemployment, multiparity, and miscarriage than women in the Accurate Knowledge group. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION A two-class system for interpreting exercise knowledge among pregnant women is statistically supported. We believe that this study has evidence-based potential to help healthcare providers improve pregnant women's exercise knowledge as part of routine prenatal care to promote exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fang Lee
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Horng Lin
- Department of Mathematics Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kang Chi
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ming Lin
- Section of Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Pei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Obeid S, Lahoud N, Haddad C, Sacre H, Akel M, Fares K, Salameh P, Hallit S. Factors associated with depression among the Lebanese population: Results of a cross-sectional study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:956-967. [PMID: 32314394 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with depression in a representative sample of the Lebanese population. DESIGN/METHODS A cross-sectional study, conducted between November 2017 and March 2018, enrolled 789 participants. Depression was measured using the Arabic version of the Hamilton Depression Scale. RESULTS The participants' mean age was 30.30 ± 12.52 years (54.8% males). More than half of the participants had depressive symptoms (59.7%). Anxiety (β = .457), alcohol dependence (β = .290), suicidal ideation (β = 1.427), high socioeconomic status (β = 1.910), being widowed (β = 4.564), and physical work fatigue (β = .090) were significantly associated with higher depression. Higher social emotional awareness was significantly associated with lower depression (β = -.176). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study sheds light on high levels of psychological distress and depression among the Lebanese general population and suggests potential preventative strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Obeid
- Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Lahoud
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, Univ. Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.,UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, Univ. Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Kassandra Fares
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matta J, Hoertel N, Airagnes G, Wiernik E, Limosin F, Goldberg M, Zins M, Lemogne C. Does substance use explain social differences in terms of depression? Findings from the Constances cohort. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 102:152203. [PMID: 32927368 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use in social differences in terms of depression is poorly understood. METHOD We have applied mediation and moderated-mediation models stratified by gender to a population-based sample (N = 37,192) of French men and women from the Constances cohort with baseline and follow-up measures of depressive states. We have examined whether socioeconomic status (SES, measured by education and income) differences in the prevalence of depressive states may be explained by both differences in prevalence of substance use according to SES (mediating effects) and differential effects of substance use on depressive state according to SES (moderating effects). RESULTS In the mediation models, substance use only explained 5.3% and 2.4% of the association between low education and depressive state in men and women respectively, and was not a significant mediator for income. Moderated mediation models showed robust moderation effects of education and income in both men and women. The association of tobacco use with depressive symptoms, which was the only substance for which a mediation effect remained and for which the moderation effect of SES was the strongest, was significantly higher in participants with low SES. LIMITATIONS The partially cross-sectional nature of the data restricts the possibility of drawing causality with regards to associations between SES and substance use. CONCLUSION Targeting substance use, particularly tobacco, can especially reduce depression risk in individuals of low SES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Matta
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France.
| | - N Hoertel
- AP-HP.Centre - Université de Paris, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; AP-HP.Centre - Université de Paris, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
| | - G Airagnes
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France; AP-HP.Centre - Université de Paris, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Centre Ambulatoire d'Addictologie, Paris, France
| | - E Wiernik
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France
| | - F Limosin
- AP-HP.Centre - Université de Paris, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; AP-HP.Centre - Université de Paris, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
| | - M Goldberg
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France
| | - M Zins
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France; AP-HP.Centre - Université de Paris, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - C Lemogne
- AP-HP.Centre - Université de Paris, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France; AP-HP.Centre - Université de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bartolomei J, Baeriswyl-Cottin R, Framorando D, Zanello A, Bacchetta JP, Herrmann F, Sentissi O. Personality Factors and Attachment Styles as Predictors of the Therapeutic Efficacy of a Short-Term Ambulatory Intervention for Depression. J Psychiatr Pract 2020; 26:3-16. [PMID: 31913965 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown a significant positive impact of intensive short-term ambulatory psychiatric interventions for depression. However, data on outcomes related to factors that are predictive of the efficacy of these interventions in terms of remission or response to treatment remain scarce. The goal of this naturalistic prospective study was to identify factors, including Big Five Inventory personality traits and attachment style, that are predictive of the efficacy of crisis interventions (CIns) in major depressive disorder. METHODS The study included 234 adult outpatients with major depressive disorder who completed all assessments in a study of a short-term intensive ambulatory CIn. In this study, we evaluated sociodemographic factors, and scores on the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, the Big Five Inventory personality assessment, the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and the Adult Attachment Scale. RESULTS Mean scores on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale decreased significantly from 26.3 (SD=9.0) at admission to 10.6 (SD=8.1) at the end of the CIn (t=23.9; P<0.001); 99 patients (42%) experienced remission, 151 patients (65%) were considered treatment responders, and 98 patients (42%) both responded to treatment and experienced remission. Results of multivariate regression analysis showed that education level and family intervention were associated with response to treatment. Neuroticism traits were related to a lower rate of response to treatment. The dependency dimension attachment style had a positive impact on response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Neuroticism traits can predict clinical outcomes after a short-term intensive psychiatric intervention for depression. Results of family interviews, education level, and Global Assessment of Functioning scores should also be taken into account in predicting clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bartolomei
- BARTOLOMEI, ZANELLO, and BACCHETTA: Adult Psychiatric Division, Crisis Intervention Centre of Cappi Paquis, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; BAERISWYL-COTTIN and FRAMORANDO: Adult Psychiatric Division, Crisis Intervention Centre of Cappi Servette, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; HERRMANN: Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, and Hôpital des Trois-Chêne, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; SENTISSI: Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Unpacking the link between socioeconomic status and behavior problems: A second-order meta-analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1889-1906. [PMID: 30259823 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence links socioeconomic status to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. However, it is unclear how these two categories of behavior problems relate to specific components of socioeconomic status (e.g., income, educational attainment, and occupational prestige) or overall social status. In this study, we conducted a second-order meta-analysis to estimate the average associations of income, education, occupation, and overall socioeconomic status with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and to examine if age, sex, and race/ethnicity moderated these associations. Our systematic search in PsycINFO, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global identified 12 meta-analyses (17% unpublished), including approximately 474 primary studies and 327,617 participants. In relation to internalizing, we found small average associations with income, r+ = -.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-.31, -.04], and education, r+ = -.12, 95% CI [-.15, -.09]. In relation to externalizing, we found smaller associations with income, r+ = -.02, 95% CI [-.15, .10], education, r+ = -.03, 95% CI [-.16, .10], and overall socioeconomic status, r+ = -.05, 95% CI [-.11, .01], but these CIs included zero. Only sex composition of the samples moderated the latter association. We provide recommendations for best practices and future research directions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Milner A, Blakely T, Disney G, Kavanagh AM, LaMontagne AD, Aitken Z. Do employment factors reduce the effect of low education on mental health? A causal mediation analysis using a national panel study. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:1423-1431. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Milner
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tony Blakely
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - George Disney
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne M Kavanagh
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Janzen B, Hellsten LAM. Does the psychosocial quality of unpaid family work contribute to educational disparities in mental health among employed partnered mothers? Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 91:633-641. [PMID: 29691657 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The contribution of unpaid family work quality to understanding social inequalities in women's mental health has been understudied and further limited by a scarcity of psychometrically sound instruments available to measure family work. Therefore, using a multi-item scale of family work quality with evidence of validity and reliability, the overall aim of the present study was to determine whether psychosocial qualities of unpaid family work contribute to educational inequities in women's mental health. METHODS Study participants in this cross-sectional study were 512 employed partnered mothers living in a Canadian province and recruited from an online research panel. The dependent variable was psychological distress. In addition to a 28-item measure assessing five dimensions of unpaid family work quality, independent variables included material deprivation, job decision latitude, job demands and several measures of the work-family interface. Multiple linear regression was the primary analysis. RESULTS Compared to women with high school or less, university educated women reported lower psychological distress [b = - 2.23 (SE = 0.50) p = 0.001]. The introduction of material deprivation into the model resulted in the largest reduction to the education disparity (51%), followed by equity in responsibility for unpaid family work (25%), family-to-work facilitation (22%), and decision latitude in paid work (21%). When entered simultaneously into the final model, the association between education and psychological distress was reduced by 70% and became statistically non-significant [b = - 0.68 (SE = 0.47) p = 0.10]. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the more established mechanisms of material conditions and decision latitude to explain mental health disparities, inequity in responsibility for unpaid family work may also play a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Janzen
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Laurie-Ann M Hellsten
- Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education, College of Education, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ramsdal GH, Bergvik S, Wynn R. Long-term dropout from school and work and mental health in young adults in Norway: A qualitative interview-based study. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1455365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gro Hilde Ramsdal
- Department of Social Education, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Harstad, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Svein Bergvik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rolf Wynn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The effect of pelvic pain and urinary incontinence on women's self-rated health in northern Mexico. Int Urogynecol J 2018; 29:243-250. [PMID: 29313090 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-017-3537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS This study was designed to assess the effect of gynecological morbidities on Mexican women's self-rated health status and emotional health. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted among Mexican women aged 25-54. We analyzed information on 1,303 participants living in Hermosillo, Mexico. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of having any one of three kinds of pelvic pain, urinary incontinence or both of these conditions on women's self-rated health. Additionally, we conducted analysis of variance and multiple linear regression to test the effect of these gynecological morbidities on women's self-reported emotional health. RESULTS Nearly one-third (31.2%) of participants rated their health as fair to very poor. Women reporting of at least one gynecological morbidity were more likely to rate their health as fair to very poor. In adjusted analyses, in addition to older age, low educational attainment, marital status other than single, lack of access to medical care, recurrent kidney infection, asthma, diabetes, and, reporting one or concurrent gynecological morbidities were associated with increased odds (adjusted odds ratios = 1.53-3.91) of reporting fair to very poor self-rated health. Women who did not report any gynecological morbidity had significantly lower mean scores for anxiety/fear 0.30 (±0.30) than women with two to four conditions (anxiety/fear 0.45 ± 0.31). CONCLUSION Pelvic pain, urinary incontinence, and the co-occurrence of these conditions have a negative impact on women's perception of their health status and their emotional health.
Collapse
|
25
|
Obeid S, Abi Elias Hallit C, Haddad C, Hany Z, Hallit S. Validation of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and sociodemographic factors associated with Lebanese depressed patients. Encephale 2018; 44:397-402. [PMID: 29307705 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) is the most commonly used scale for the evaluation of patients' treatments for depression. Since the HDRS has never been validated in Lebanon to our knowledge, our primary objective, therefore, is to investigate the correlation, sensitivity, specificity, as well as the reliability and the validity of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) among Lebanese depressed patients. The secondary objective is to identify sociodemographic factors that would be correlated to depression among our sample. METHODS This case-control study, performed between January till May 2017, included 400 patients (200 patients, 200 controls). RESULTS The HDRS scale items converged over a solution of four factors, explaining a total of 58.88% of the variance. A high Cronbach's alpha was found for the full scale (0.862). A stepwise linear regression, using the total HDRS score as continuous variable, showed that a low socioeconomic level, divorced participants and a family history of mental disorders would significantly increase the HDRS total score (Beta=4.278; Beta=5.405; and Beta=3.922) respectively. However, having a university level of education would significantly decrease the HDRS total score (Beta=-4.248, P<0.001). CONCLUSION This study shows that the Arabic version of the HDRS has promising psychometric properties, making it a good tool to use for the diagnosis of patients with depression. Depression recognition and treatment in general practice with the aim of improving patient outcome and reducing health care expenditure, is definitely warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Obeid
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, 60096 Jal Eddib, Lebanon; Holy Spirit University, Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Kaslik, Lebanon; Lebanese University, Faculty of Pedagogy, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | | | - C Haddad
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, 60096 Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Z Hany
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, 60096 Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - S Hallit
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, 60096 Jal Eddib, Lebanon; Lebanese University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon; Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon; Holy Spirit University, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Kaslik, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bijlsma MJ, Tarkiainen L, Myrskylä M, Martikainen P. Unemployment and subsequent depression: A mediation analysis using the parametric G-formula. Soc Sci Med 2017; 194:142-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
27
|
Liew HP. Health and well-being of middle age Indonesians: An application of seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Lemogne C, Meneton P, Wiernik E, Quesnot A, Consoli SM, Ducimetière P, Nabi H, Empana JP, Hoertel N, Limosin F, Goldberg M, Zins M. When Blue-Collars Feel Blue. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2017; 10:CIRCOUTCOMES.116.002767. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.116.002767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The association of psychological variables with cardiovascular health might depend on socioeconomic status. We examined the moderating effect of occupational grade on the association between depression and incident cardiac events among middle-aged workers from the GAZEL cohort.
Methods and Results—
A total of 10 541 participants (7855 men, mean age: 47.8±3.5 years) free of cardiovascular diseases completed the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale in 1993. Age, sex, and occupational grade (low, medium, and high) were obtained from company records. Classical cardiovascular risk factors were self-reported. All participants were followed-up for medically certified cardiac events from January 1994 to December 2014. Associations between baseline variables and incident cardiac events were estimated with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals computed in Cox regressions. After a median follow-up of 21 years, 592 (5.6%) participants had a cardiac event. There was a significant interaction between depression and occupational grade in both age- and sex-adjusted (
P
=0.008) and multiadjusted (
P
=0.009) models. This interaction was mainly explained by an association between depression and incident cardiac events that prevailed among participants of low occupational grade (3.71 versus 1.96 events per 1000 person-years among those depressed versus nondepressed, multiadjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals], 1.99 [1.12–3.48]).
Conclusions—
From a research perspective, these results may account for previous conflicting results and constitute an impetus for reanalyzing previous data sets, taking into account the moderating role of socioeconomic status. From a clinical perspective, they urge clinicians and policy makers to consider depressive symptoms and low socioeconomic status as synergistic cardiovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Lemogne
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Pierre Meneton
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Ariane Quesnot
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Silla M. Consoli
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Pierre Ducimetière
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Hermann Nabi
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| | - Marie Zins
- From the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, France (C.L., S.M.C., J.-P.E., N.H., F.L., M.G., M.Z.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte et du Sujet Agé, France (C.L., S.M.C., N.H., F.L.); Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (C.L., N.H., F.L.); Inserm U1142 LIMICS, UMR_S 1142 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris 13, France (P.M.); Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Airagnes G, Lemogne C, Hoertel N, Goldberg M, Limosin F, Zins M. Childhood adversity and depressive symptoms following retirement in the Gazel cohort. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 82:80-90. [PMID: 27471842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies have examined whether specific moderators may impact the magnitude of the relationship between retirement and depression. The aim of this study was to examine the potential moderating role of adverse childhood life events (ACLE) on changes in depressive symptoms following retirement in the GAZEL cohort. METHODS 9242 participants, followed up since 1989, completed the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD) every three years and were asked in 2004 to answer an ACLE questionnaire. Subjects were classed according to 6 clusters by Two-Step Cluster Analysis (no ACLE: cluster 1; increasing material deprivation: clusters 2 to 4; history of early separation: cluster 5 and history of conflicts or violence: cluster 6), and then stratified for sex. Analyses were based on general linear models with the CESD variation between, before and after retirement as dependent variable. All results were adjusted according to age, marital status, occupational status, alcohol consumption, self-rated health and CESD score before retirement. RESULTS The association between exposure to ACLE and changes in depressive symptoms following retirement was significant in both men (F = 6.929; p < 0.001; eta(2) = 0.005) and women (F = 6.890; p < 0.001; eta(2) = 0.016). Exposure to early separation or history of conflicts or violence during childhood was associated with less improvement in both men and women, whereas early exposure to material deprivation only affected results in men. CONCLUSIONS Programs aimed at facilitating retirement transition may focus on subjects at risk of not experiencing the expected benefits of retirement, which is the case for those with a history of ACLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Airagnes
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Facultéde Médecine, France.
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Facultéde Médecine, France; Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Facultéde Médecine, France; Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Inserm, UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Villejuif, France; Inserm UMR 1168, VIMA, Villejuif, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Facultéde Médecine, France; Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Inserm, UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Villejuif, France; Inserm UMR 1168, VIMA, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Richards D, Richardson T, Timulak L, Viganò N, Mooney J, Doherty G, Hayes C, Sharry J. Predictors of depression severity in a treatment-seeking sample. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2016; 16:221-229. [PMID: 30487865 PMCID: PMC6225048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Depression is a common mental health disorder and an emerging public health concern. Few studies have investigated prevalence and predictors of depression severity in the Irish context. To investigate the relative contribution of known risk factors that predicts depression severity in a treatment-seeking sample of adults in Ireland. Method: As part of a randomised controlled trial of an internet-delivered intervention for depression participants (N = 641) completed online screening questionnaires including BDI-II and information associated with common predictors of depression. Results: The mean score on the BDI-II was 24.13 (SD = 11.20). Several factors were shown to predict greater severity of depression in the sample including female gender, younger age, unemployment, being single or partnered as opposed to married, previous diagnosis of depression, recent experience of life stressors. Alcohol use, recent losses, knowing a suicide completer, education level, type of employment and income level were not found to be significant. Conclusions: The study contributes to the profiling of the incidence and predictors of severity of depression in an Irish context. The results confirm some of the known risk factors and highlight the need for further research to be carried out on screening for depression and increasing access to interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Richards
- The Priory, John's Street West, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Richardson
- Solent NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Noemi Viganò
- The Priory, John's Street West, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - John Sharry
- The Priory, John's Street West, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Parents Plus Charity, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bernal DR, Becker Herbst R, Lewis BL, Feibelman J. Ethical Care for Vulnerable Populations Receiving Psychotropic Treatment. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2016.1224187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
32
|
Melkevik O, Hauge LJ, Bendtsen P, Reneflot A, Mykletun A, Aarø LE. Associations between delayed completion of high school and educational attainment and symptom levels of anxiety and depression in adulthood. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:64. [PMID: 26980092 PMCID: PMC4791777 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression among adults with lower educational attainment. Delayed completion of high school (HS) is common and represents a potentially complicating factor in the relationship between educational attainment and anxiety and depression. This study aims to investigate whether delayed HS completion is associated with symptom levels of anxiety and depression in adulthood and whether it interacts with later educational attainment in predicting symptom-levels of anxiety and depression in adulthood. METHODS The sample consisted of 10 149 participants from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT 3) between 30 and 46 years of age in 2006. The outcome variables were symptoms of anxiety and depression as measured by the HADS scale. Variables measuring educational attainment were obtained from the National Educational Database in Norway. We used linear regression to estimate associations between educational attainment, delayed HS completion and symptom levels of anxiety and depression in adulthood. RESULTS We found delayed HS completion to be associated with higher symptom levels of both anxiety and depression. There was a dose-response association suggesting that each additional year of delay in HS was associated with higher symptom levels for both anxiety and depression. Mean symptom levels of both anxiety and depression were significantly lower among individuals who completed HS within a normative timeframe vs those who were substantially delayed in their HS completion. For anxiety symptoms, we found a statistically significant interaction between delayed HS completion and later educational attainment. This interaction suggested that individuals with a combination of being delayed in HS and having no higher educational attainment had significantly higher levels of anxiety symptoms than all other combinations of later educational attainment and normative/delayed HS completion. For depression, associations between predictors and symptom levels were additive. CONCLUSIONS Delayed HS completion is associated with symptom levels of both depression and anxiety and interacts with later educational attainment in predicting symptom levels of anxiety. Individuals with a combination of delayed HS completion and lower educational attainment had particularly high symptom levels of anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Melkevik
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Pernille Bendtsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Arnstein Mykletun
- Norwegian Institute of Public health, Oslo, Norway ,Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway ,Center for Work and Mental Health, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway ,University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Predictive Model for Anxiety and Depression in Spanish Patients With Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
Vasconcelos JRDO, Lôbo APDS, Melo Neto VLD. Risco de suicídio e comorbidades psiquiátricas no transtorno de ansiedade generalizada. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Investigar o risco de suicídio nos pacientes com transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG). Métodos Estudo transversal com 253 pacientes dos ambulatórios de Psiquiatria, Nefrologia e Cardiologia do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Alagoas. O instrumento utilizado foi o MINI 5.0.0 (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Resultados Os indivíduos com TAG corresponderam a 16,6% da amostra, sendo 30,8% nos pacientes entrevistados no ambulatório de psiquiatria e 11,3% nos pacientes entrevistados nos demais ambulatórios. A maioria é do sexo feminino (83,3%), casada (53,8%), sendo a média de idade de 44 (±12,2) anos. Houve comorbidade psiquiátrica em 88,1% dos entrevistados; 54,8% possuíam duas ou mais e 33,3% tinham apenas uma. A mais prevalente foi depressão maior (53,7%), seguida de distimia (21,4%) e depressão recorrente (14,6%). O risco de suicídio foi observado em 54,8% dos indivíduos com TAG. Conclusão A prevalência de TAG foi significativamente maior que na população geral, principalmente no ambulatório de psiquiatria. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou comorbidade psiquiátrica, especialmente transtornos de humor, além de risco de suicídio. O TAG mostrou elevada correlação com transtornos de humor e significativa associação com o risco de suicídio.
Collapse
|
35
|
González-Gutiérrez MV, Guerrero Velázquez J, Morales García C, Casas Maldonado F, Gómez Jiménez FJ, González Vargas F. Predictive Model for Anxiety and Depression in Spanish Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Arch Bronconeumol 2015; 52:151-7. [PMID: 26497418 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and anxiety and depression is not yet completely characterized, and differences between countries may exist. We used a predictive model to assess this association in a Spanish population. PATIENTS AND METHOD Prospective transversal descriptive study of 204 patients with stable COPD. Concomitant anxiety or depression were diagnosed by psychiatric assessment, using the diagnostic criteria of the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Sociodemographic, clinical and lung function parameters were analyzed. RESULTS In total, 36% of stable COPD patients had psychiatric comorbidities, but 76% were unaware of their diagnosis. Nineteen percent had a pure anxiety disorder, 9.8% had isolated depression, and 7.3% had a mixed anxiety-depression disorder. Predictive variables in the multivariate analysis were younger age, higher educational level, lack of home support, higher BODE index, and greater number of exacerbations. The ROC curve of the model had an AUC of 0.765 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In COPD, concomitant psychiatric disorders are significantly associated with sociodemographic factors. Anxiety disorders are more common than depression. Patients with more severe COPD, according to BODE, younger patients and those with a higher educational level have a greater risk of being diagnosed with anxiety or depression in a structured psychiatric interview. In our population, most patients with psychiatric comorbidities remain unidentified.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tooth L, Mishra GD. Does Further Education in Adulthood Improve Physical and Mental Health among Australian Women? A Longitudinal Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140334. [PMID: 26480313 PMCID: PMC4610692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed whether further education in young adult and mid-life [adult educational mobility] influences physical functioning and depressive symptoms in women. METHODS 14247 women born 1973-78 (younger cohort) and 13715 women born 1946-51 (mid-aged cohort) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were followed for 14-16 years. Measures were the Short-Form 36 Health Survey physical functioning subscale (SF-36 PF) and Centre for Epidemiologic Studies 10-item Depression Scale (CESD-10). Linear mixed modelling, accounting for time varying covariates, assessed the influence of further education on physical functioning and depressive symptoms over time. Sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of missing data was conducted using multiple imputation. RESULTS Compared to younger women with a pre-existing high level of education, women gaining further education (up to age 39 years) from low levels had lower SF-36 PF scores (poorer physical functioning) (fully adjusted beta estimates (95%CIs) -1.52 (-2.59, -0.44)) while those gaining further education from middle to high levels showed equivalent SF-36 PF scores (-0.08 (-0.61, 0.44)). A similar pattern was shown for CESD-10 scores (0.78 (0.29, 1.25); -0.02 (-0.26, 0.21), respectively) where higher scores represented more depressive symptoms. For mid-age women, further education from a middle to high level resulted in equivalent SF-36 PF scores (-0.61 (-1.93,0.71)) but higher CESD-10 scores (0.49 (0.11, 0.86)), compared to highly educated women. CONCLUSION Women who delay further education until they are aged between their 40s and 60s can improve or maintain their physical functioning but may have missed the critical time to minimise depressive symptomatology. Public health policy should focus on encouraging women to upgrade their educational qualifications earlier in life in order to potentially offset the negative associations between their initial lower socio-economic position class of origin and their mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Tooth
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gita D. Mishra
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lanitis S, Mimigianni C, Raptis D, Sourtse G, Sgourakis G, Karaliotas C. The Impact of Educational Status on the Postoperative Perception of Pain. Korean J Pain 2015; 28:265-74. [PMID: 26495081 PMCID: PMC4610940 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2015.28.4.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative (PO) pain interferes with the recovery and mobilization of the surgical patients. The impact of the educational status has not been studied adequately up to now. Methods This prospective study involved 400 consecutive general surgery patients. Various factors known to be associated with the perception of pain including the educational status were recorded as was the preoperative and postoperative pain and the analgesia requirements for the 1st PO week. Based on the educational status, we classified the patients in 3 groups and we compared these groups for the main outcomes: i.e. PO pain and PO analgesia. Results There were 145 patients of lower education (junior school), 150 patients of high education (high school) and 101 of higher education (university). Patients of lower education were found to experience more pain than patients of higher education in all postoperative days (from the 2nd to the 6th). No difference was identified in the type and quantity of the analgesia used. The subgroup analysis showed that patients with depression and young patients (< 40 years) had the maximum effect. Conclusions The educational status may be a significant predictor of postoperative pain due to various reasons, including the poor understanding of the preoperative information, the level of anxiety and depression caused by that and the suboptimal request and use of analgesia. Younger patients (< 40), and patients with subclinical depression are mostly affected while there is no impact on patients over 60 years old.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophocles Lanitis
- 2nd Surgical Department and Unit of Surgical Oncology "Korgialenio-Benakio", Red Cross Athens General Hospital, Greece
| | - Christina Mimigianni
- Department of Anaesthesiology "Korgialenio-Benakio", Red Cross Athens General Hospital, Greece
| | - Demetris Raptis
- 2nd Surgical Department and Unit of Surgical Oncology "Korgialenio-Benakio", Red Cross Athens General Hospital, Greece
| | - Gionous Sourtse
- 2nd Surgical Department and Unit of Surgical Oncology "Korgialenio-Benakio", Red Cross Athens General Hospital, Greece
| | - George Sgourakis
- 2nd Surgical Department and Unit of Surgical Oncology "Korgialenio-Benakio", Red Cross Athens General Hospital, Greece
| | - Constantine Karaliotas
- 2nd Surgical Department and Unit of Surgical Oncology "Korgialenio-Benakio", Red Cross Athens General Hospital, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
San Sebastian M, Hammarström A, Gustafsson PE. Socioeconomic inequalities in functional somatic symptoms by social and material conditions at four life course periods in Sweden: a decomposition analysis. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006581. [PMID: 26319773 PMCID: PMC4554899 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Socioeconomic inequalities in health are deemed a worldwide public health problem, but current research is lacking on key points including determinants of socioeconomic differences in health, and not the least variations of these determinants over the life course. Using a 26-year prospective Swedish community-based cohort, we aim at decomposing socioeconomic inequalities in functional somatic symptoms by social and material life circumstances, at 4 periods of the life course. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional study. SETTING Participants came from the Northern Swedish Cohort (n=1001), who completed questionnaires about occupational class, social and material living conditions, and symptoms at ages 16, 21, 30 and 42. Socioeconomic inequalities were estimated and decomposed using the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis. RESULTS Inequalities in symptoms between blue-collar and white-collar socioeconomic groups increased along the life course in the sample. In the decomposition analysis, a high proportion of the gap between socioeconomic groups could be explained by social and material living conditions at ages 16 (84% explained), 30 (45%) and 42 (68%), but not at age 21. Specific social (parental illness at age 16 and violence at ages 30 and 42) and material (parental unemployment at age 16, and own unemployment and financial strain at ages 30 and 42) factors contributed jointly to the health gaps. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic inequalities in functional somatic symptoms increased along the life course in this Swedish cohort. A considerable portion of the social gaps in health was explained by concurrent social and material conditions, and the importance of specific adversities was dependent on the life course stage. Our findings suggest that socioeconomic inequalities in functional somatic symptoms may be reduced by addressing both social and material living conditions of disadvantaged families, and also that the life course stage needs to be taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel San Sebastian
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Hammarström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per E Gustafsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Murcia M, Chastang JF, Niedhammer I. Educational inequalities in major depressive and generalized anxiety disorders: results from the French national SIP study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:919-28. [PMID: 25605025 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social inequalities in mental disorders have been reported; the lower the social position, the higher the prevalence of mental disorders. However, these inequalities have not always been observed and results may vary according to the indicator of social position, mental health outcome and population studied. The objective of this study was to examine the association between social position (educational level) and two mental disorders (major depressive disorder-MDD and general anxiety disorder-GAD), measured using a structured diagnostic interview (MINI), and to evaluate the contribution of work status in the explanation of this association. METHODS The study was based on a national representative sample of the French general population of 11,777 people including 8,072 workers. All analyses were done using weighted data. Bivariate Rao-Scott Chi-square tests were conducted, and multivariate analysis was performed using weighted logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age. RESULTS The prevalences of MDD/GAD and of less educated people were lower in the working population than in the non-working population. Educational inequalities were observed for MDD and GAD in the general population. Non-working status contributed to explain these inequalities by 23-28 % for MDD and by 23-37 % for GAD when the less educated group was considered. Non-working status was strongly associated with both disorders. CONCLUSION These results may improve our knowledge on educational inequalities in mental health and help to understand the discrepancies in the literature. Effort to preserve jobs and facilitate the return to employment may help to reduce social inequalities in mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Murcia
- Department of Social Epidemiology, INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
The association between social relationships and depression: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2015; 175:53-65. [PMID: 25594512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders globally and has implications for various aspects of everyday-life. To date, studies assessing the association between social relationships and depression have provided conflicting results. The aim of this paper was to review the evidence on associations between social relationships and depression in the general population. METHODS Studies investigating the association of social support, social networks, or social connectedness with depression were retrieved and summarized (searches using Pubmed, ScienceDirect, PsycNet were conducted in May 2014). RESULTS Fifty-one studies were included in this review. The strongest and most consistent findings were significant protective effects of perceived emotional support, perceived instrumental support, and large, diverse social networks. Little evidence was found on whether social connectedness is related to depression, as was also the case for negative interactions. LIMITATIONS Due to the strict inclusion criteria relating to study quality and the availability of papers in the domain of interest, the review did not capture 'gray literature' and qualitative studies. CONCLUSION Future research is warranted to account for potential bias introduced by the use of subjective measures as compared to objective measures of received support and actual networks. Due to the heterogeneity between available studies on the measure of social relationships, the inclusion of comparable measures across studies would allow for more valid comparisons. In addition, well-designed prospective studies will provide more insight into causality. Future research should address how social support and networks interact and together affect risks for depression. Social connectedness and negative interactions appear to be underutilized as measures in population-based studies.
Collapse
|
42
|
Mental disorders of pregnant and postpartum women after earthquakes: a systematic review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2014; 8:315-25. [PMID: 25098648 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2014.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to systematically search and critique relevant literature on the potential psychological impact of earthquakes on peripartum women to synthesize existing knowledge for further action. METHODS A search through 5 databases was conducted for relevant publications in English, and the results were screened through a set of inclusion and exclusion processes. RESULTS Eight articles were included. Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder were the most often reported mental disorders. Some factors (eg, family relationships and social support) were associated with mental disorders suffered by peripartum women after earthquakes. An assessment of the quality of the studies showed that most did not have high levels of evidence because of their cross-sectional design and limitations. CONCLUSIONS Among the factors that influenced the mental health of pregnant and postpartum women after earthquakes, family function appears to be one of the most important and deserves further exploration. Other mental health conditions such as minor psychiatric disorders should also be studied for their relationship with disasters and pregnancy. Well-designed studies are needed to enable a better understanding of the relationship between earthquakes and the mental disorders of peripartum women so that the most appropriate interventions can be proposed.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mundt A, Kliewe T, Yayla S, Ignatyev Y, Busch MA, Heimann H, Heinz A, Rapp MA, Schouler-Ocak M, Ströhle A, Aichberger MC. Social characteristics of psychological distress in disadvantaged areas of Berlin. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2014; 60:75-82. [PMID: 23117825 DOI: 10.1177/0020764012464017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Living in disadvantaged urban areas is associated with poor mental health. The purpose of this study was to assess which social characteristics were associated with psychological distress within a disadvantaged, multi-ethnic neighbourhood of Berlin. METHODS The study was conducted in an area of Berlin with the highest rates of unemployment and highest density of migrants. A total of 143 participants aged 18-57 years were included from a random sample. The social characteristics educational level, employment status, marital status, living alone, per-capita income and background of migration were collected. Psychological distress was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire GHQ-28; scores ≥ 5 indicated psychological distress corresponding to psychiatric caseness. RESULTS Psychological distress was found in 40.6% (n = 58) of the sample. Psychological distress was associated with younger age (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.98, p = .004), female gender (OR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.55-7.92, p = .003) and living alone (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.58-9.52, p = .003), but not with background of migration, low educational level or with unemployment. CONCLUSIONS Young age and female gender may predispose for psychological distress in disadvantaged areas. Living alone could be a social indicator of poor mental health within disadvantaged urban areas. The directionality of the association is unclear. BACKGROUND of migration, low income and educational level do not seem to be associated with poor mental health within those areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mundt
- 1Unit for Social & Community Psychiatry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Social characteristics of psychological distress in a disadvantaged urban area of Kazakhstan. Community Ment Health J 2014; 50:120-5. [PMID: 23712308 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-013-9610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to systematically assess the association of socio-economic characteristics and psychological distress in a disadvantaged urban area of a post-Soviet Republic. Psychological distress was assessed in a random sample of 200 persons, aged 18-57, living in a disadvantaged urban area of Kazakhstan using the General Health Questionnaire with 28 items (GHQ-28). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the association of social characteristics and psychological distress. Female gender (P < 0.05), living without a partner (P < 0.01), higher age (P < 0.01), unemployment (P < 0.01), and low perceived income (P < 0.05) were associated with psychological distress in multivariate analyses. Non-Kazakh ethnicity (P < 0.05) was linked with psychological distress in bivariate analyses. The educational level was not significantly associated with psychological distress. Women, aged 38-57, living without partner and with low access to financial resources, were at a very high risk of psychological distress. Possibly due to social drift or status inconsistency, higher educational levels were not associated with lower levels of psychological distress in the disadvantaged area.
Collapse
|
45
|
Becking K, Boschloo L, Vogelzangs N, Haarman BCM, Riemersma-van der Lek R, Penninx BWJH, Schoevers RA. The association between immune activation and manic symptoms in patients with a depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e314. [PMID: 24150223 PMCID: PMC3818012 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies have shown that immunological processes play an important role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, immune activation may only be present in specific subgroups of patients. Our study aimed to examine whether immune activation was associated with (a) the presence of manic symptoms and (b) the onset of manic symptoms during 2 years of follow-up in depressed patients. Patients with a depressive disorder at baseline (N=957) and healthy controls (N=430) were selected from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Assessments included lifetime manic symptoms at baseline and two-year follow up, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) at baseline. Within depressed patients, immune activation was not related to the presence or absence of lifetime manic symptoms at baseline. However, CRP levels were strongly elevated in depressed men who developed manic symptoms compared with those who did not develop manic symptoms over 2 years (P<0.001, Cohen's d=0.89). IL-6 and TNF-α were also higher in depressed men with an onset of manic symptoms, but this association was not significant. However, we found that the onset of manic symptoms was particularly high in men with multiple elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Depressed men who developed manic symptoms during follow-up had increased immunological activity (especially CRP) compared with depressed men who did not develop manic symptoms. Further research should explore whether a treatment approach focusing on inflammatory processes may be more effective in this specific subgroup of depressed patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Becking
- Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE)/University Center Psychiatry (UCP), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE)/University Center Psychiatry (UCP), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Sabangplein 20, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - L Boschloo
- Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE)/University Center Psychiatry (UCP), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Vogelzangs
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B C M Haarman
- Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE)/University Center Psychiatry (UCP), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Riemersma-van der Lek
- Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE)/University Center Psychiatry (UCP), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE)/University Center Psychiatry (UCP), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R A Schoevers
- Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE)/University Center Psychiatry (UCP), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Oquendo MA, Turret J, Grunebaum MF, Burke AK, Poh E, Stevenson E, Mann JJ, Galfalvy H. Sex differences in clinical predictors of depression: a prospective study. J Affect Disord 2013; 150:1179-83. [PMID: 23735213 PMCID: PMC3759613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating the likelihood of future major depressive episodes (MDEs) would assist clinicians in decision-making regarding the optimal length of treatment for MDE. Unfortunately, little data are available to guide clinical practice. METHODS We followed 200 females and 152 males who responded to treatment for a MDE for 2 years to determine risk factors for future MDE. Cox Proportional Hazard Regression modeled time to first relapse into MDE and mixed effect logistic regression modeled monthly depression status. RESULTS Females were more likely than males to experience a MDE in any month of the study, and marginally more likely to experience a relapse. By 12 months, 60% of females had relapsed compared to 51% of males (median time to relapse 8 vs. 13 months, respectively). Several factors predicted worse outcome for both men and women: reported childhood abuse, earlier age of onset of first MDE, bipolar disorder, unemployment, and more years of education. For females, but not males, suicidal ideation predicted MDE relapse and both suicidal ideation and prior suicide attempts were associated with more time in a MDE. LIMITATIONS The naturalistic treatment of participants, exclusion of individuals with current comorbid alcohol or substance use disorder, and a follow up period of two years are limitations. CONCLUSIONS Women are more vulnerable to relapse and spend more time depressed compared to men. Identification of general and sex-specific risk factors for future depression may provide clinicians with useful tools to estimate need for ongoing pharmacotherapy in MDE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Oquendo
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032. USA
| | - Jason Turret
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael F. Grunebaum
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032. USA
| | - Ainsley K. Burke
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032. USA
| | - Ernest Poh
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ellen Stevenson
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032. USA
| | - J. John Mann
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032. USA
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032. USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Niedhammer I, Kerrad S, Schütte S, Chastang JF, Kelleher CC. Material, psychosocial and behavioural factors associated with self-reported health in the Republic of Ireland: cross-sectional results from the SLAN survey. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2013-002797. [PMID: 23793687 PMCID: PMC3657673 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the associations between various material, psychosocial and behavioural factors and self-reported health (SRH), and to determine whether these associations varied according to educational level. DESIGN Representative national cross-sectional survey. SETTING Republic of Ireland. PARTICIPANTS 4369 men and 5995 women aged 18 or more (Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition (SLÁN) 2007). METHODS SRH was measured using one single item. Three groups of factors were studied: material, psychosocial and behavioural factors. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression analysis and interaction testing, the sample design being taken into account. All results were adjusted for age and educational level and stratified on gender. RESULTS When each group of factors was studied separately, non-working status, no private health insurance, inability to afford enough food, no car, being non-married, low social participation, serious neighbourhood problems, low social support, smoking, no alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, low physical activity and obesity were associated with poor SRH. When studied together, some material and psychosocial factors were no longer significant. Four significant interaction terms were found, suggesting that some factors might have a stronger association with SRH among low-educated people. CONCLUSIONS Various types of factors were found to be associated with SRH, and most of these associations were similar according to educational level. Behavioural factors might be intermediate factors in the causal pathways from material and psychosocial factors to SRH. Prevention policies should integrate a large number of factors comprehensively to improve SRH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, U1018,CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health Team, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarra Kerrad
- INSERM, U1018,CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health Team, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefanie Schütte
- INSERM, U1018,CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health Team, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean-François Chastang
- INSERM, U1018,CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health Team, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Cecily C Kelleher
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bocquier A, Cortaredona S, Verdoux H, Sciortino V, Nauleau S, Verger P. Social inequalities in new antidepressant treatment: a study at the individual and neighborhood levels. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
49
|
Terada S, Matsumoto Y, Sato T, Okabe N, Kishimoto Y, Uchitomi Y. Factors predicting psychiatric co-morbidity in gender-dysphoric adults. Psychiatry Res 2012; 200:469-74. [PMID: 22884214 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Persons with gender identity disorder (GID) often suffer from psychiatric co-morbidity, and it is an important prognostic factor for long-term psychosocial adjustment in GID. However, previous research has not addressed the risk factors of psychiatric co-morbidity. In this study, we tried to clarify the risk factors among individuals with GID in Japan. A total of 326 consecutive GID persons were evaluated independently by two senior psychiatrists at the GID clinic using personal clinical interviews and results of examinations. The prevalence of current psychiatric co-morbidity was 17.8% of the total sample. School refusal was significantly associated with psychiatric co-morbidity. Sexual attraction to neither males nor females among GID persons and sexual attraction to females among male-to-female (MtF) GID persons were also significantly related to psychiatric co-morbidity. This is the first report to demonstrate a close relationship between patterns of sexual orientation and psychiatric co-morbidity among GID persons. We should pay more attention to psychiatric co-morbidity, especially among GID persons with non-homosexual sexual orientations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Terada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Emotion regulation profiles in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 23:364-9. [PMID: 22370115 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are frequently encountered in epilepsy referral centers, yet there is limited understanding of the emotion processing style in this psychiatrically heterogeneous population. Understanding profiles of emotion regulation in PNES will provide further evidence of the psychogenic nature of the disorder and will potentially inform psychotherapeutic interventions. METHODS Fifty-five patients with PNES underwent a neuropsychiatric evaluation and completed self-report questionnaires that measured difficulties in emotion regulation, psychopathology severity and quality of life. RESULTS Through the use of cluster analysis, two groups were identified; Cluster 1 represented a highly emotion dysregulated group while Cluster 2 represented a low emotion dysregulated group. Additional analyses revealed that each group significantly differed from normative data. Finally, Cluster 1 was significantly associated with several measures of psychiatric symptoms, higher rates of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and impairment in quality of life. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that patients with PNES may be subject to high levels of emotion dysregulation, severe psychiatric symptomatology and impaired quality of life, or to low emotion dysregulation characterized by emotional unawareness or avoidance. These profiles clearly differ from normative data regarding emotion regulation and their identification may help tailor psychotherapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|