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Garces TS, Damasceno LLV, Sousa GJB, Cestari VRF, Pereira MLD, Moreira TMM. Relationship between social development indicators and mortality due to Diabetes Mellitus in Brazil: a space-time analysis. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2023; 31:e3971. [PMID: 37586008 PMCID: PMC10424900 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6592.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to identify the space-time pattern of mortality due to Diabetes Mellitus in Brazil, as well as its relationship with social development indicators. METHOD an ecological and time series nationwide study based on secondary data from the Unified Health System Informatics Department, with space-time analysis and inclusion of indicators in non-spatial and spatial regression models. The following was performed: overall mortality rate calculation; characterization of the sociodemographic and regional profiles of the death cases by means of descriptive and time analysis; and elaboration of thematic maps. RESULTS a total of 601,521 deaths related to Diabetes Mellitus were recorded in Brazil, representing a mean mortality rate of 29.5/100,000 inhabitants. The states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Sergipe, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul presented high-high clusters. By using regression models, it was verified that the Gini index (β=11.7) and the Family Health Strategy coverage (β=3.9) were the indicators that most influenced mortality due to Diabetes Mellitus in Brazil. CONCLUSION in Brazil, mortality due to Diabetes presents an overall increasing trend, revealing itself as strongly associated with places that have worse social indicators. HIGHLIGHTS (1) The time-space pattern of mortality due to Diabetes presents an increasing trend. (2) The Northeast and South regions present high rates of mortality due to Diabetes. (3) Mortality due to Diabetes is associated with worse sociodemographic indicators. (4) A relationship is observed between income, access to health and mortality due to Diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Santos Garces
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Departamento de Enfermagem, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
- Becario de la Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brasil
| | - Lara Lídia Ventura Damasceno
- Becario de la Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brasil
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Walsh KT, Boring BL, Nanavaty N, Carter-Sowell AR, Mathur VA. Lifetime ostracism experiences and mechanisms of pain. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2022; 3:1037472. [PMID: 36590646 PMCID: PMC9800841 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1037472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One social mechanism by which marginalization is enacted is via ostracism. Recent research has demonstrated ostracism's impact on physical health, but little is known about the relationship between accumulated lifetime experiences of ostracism and pain. Despite recent calls for added attention to social modulation of pain and social indicators of pain disparities, the impact of specific social factors on pain-including those of ostracism-are not well understood. Results of laboratory studies on the effects of acute ostracism experiences on pain sensitivity have been mixed. However, these studies have not considered lived and repeated experiences of ostracism, and primarily included single static measures of pain sensitivity. Additionally, inclusion and representation of the relationship between ostracism experiences and pain among people with minoritized identities are lacking in the current literature. In this study, we explored accumulated lifetime experiences of ostracism as a potential contributing factor to enhanced pain and one social mechanism by which societal inequity may create and maintain inequity in pain. We extracted measures of lifetime experiences of ostracism from six studies focused on social factors and (non-chronic) pain conducted between 2016 and 2020 (n = 505 adults). To retain and examine diversity within the sample, we used moderation and within-group analyses. Results indicate that greater experiences of lifetime ostracism are associated with lower cold pain tolerance, but not other pain measures, in the whole sample. Moderation and within-group analyses reveal opposing patterns of results between populations included in the extant literature (White participants, convenience samples) and those under-represented in the scientific literature (racialized groups, community samples). This study provides an example of a diversity science approach to examining social indicators of pain, illustrates the limited generalizability of previous studies on ostracism and pain, and highlights the need for increased representation and inclusion to understand mechanisms of pain and inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn T. Walsh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Brandon L. Boring
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Namrata Nanavaty
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Department of Behavioral Health, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Vani A. Mathur
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Diversity Science Research Cluster, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Correspondence: Vani A. Mathur
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3
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Silva MO, Macedo VC, Canuto IMB, Silva MC, da Costa HVV, do Bonfim CV. Spatial dynamics of fetal mortality and the relationship with social vulnerability. J Perinat Med 2022; 50:645-652. [PMID: 34883002 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of fetal mortality according to its relationship with social vulnerability, identifying priority areas for intervention. METHODS Ecological study conducted in the state of Pernambuco, Northeast region of Brazil, from 2011 to 2018. The mean fetal mortality rate per city was calculated for the studied period. A cluster analysis was performed to select cities with homogeneous characteristics regarding fetal mortality and social vulnerability, then the Attribute Weighting Algorithm and Pearson correlation techniques were employed. In the spatial analysis it was used the local empirical Bayesian modeling and global and local Moran statistics. RESULTS Twelve thousand nine hundred and twelve thousand fetal deaths were registered. The fetal mortality rate for the period was 11.44 fetal deaths per 1,000 births. The number of groups formed was 7, in which correlation was identified between fetal mortality and dimensions, highlighting the correlations between fetal mortality rate and the Index of Social Vulnerability urban infrastructure for the municipalities in group 1 and 5, the values of the correlations found were 0.478 and 0.674 respectively. The spatial analysis identified areas of higher risk for fetal mortality distributed in regions of medium, high and very high social vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS The study allowed observing the existing correlations between fetal mortality and social vulnerability and identifying priority areas for intervention, with a view to reducing fetal mortality in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myllena O Silva
- Social Research Department, Joaquim Nabuco Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Vilma C Macedo
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Indianara M B Canuto
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mayara C Silva
- Social Research Department, Joaquim Nabuco Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Heitor V V da Costa
- Computer Science Center, Graduate Program in Computer Science, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cristine V do Bonfim
- Social Research Department, Joaquim Nabuco Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Zhao Z, Jing S, Yan Z, Yu L. Social change and birth cohort decrease in social support for older adults in China: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1994-2018. Health Soc Care Community 2020; 28:1438-1447. [PMID: 32378280 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Social support not only plays an important role in the physical and mental health of the elderly people but also constitutes an essential resource for healthy ageing. With the rapid economic and social development during the last 40 years in China, the acceleration of urbanisation, and the disintegration of traditional extended families, the social support that Chinese older adults receive may be declining, leading to deterioration in quality of life for the rapidly ageing population. Cross-temporal meta-analysis was employed to investigate changes in older Chinese adults' social support from 1994 to 2018. One hundred and thirty-six studies (N = 82,722; age ≥ 60) that used the social support rating scale (SSRS) were analysed. Additionally, social support scores were correlated with social indicators to explore the relationship between social support and the environment of social development. Results show that social support scores decreased by 5.09 and 0.73 standard deviations over the past 24 years. Correlation with social indicators suggests that a decrease in social connectedness and an increase in economic imbalance may be responsible for the reduction in social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhao
- The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaption, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Jing
- The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaption, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhimin Yan
- The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaption, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Yu
- The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaption, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Colombo-Souza P, Tranchitella FB, Ribeiro AP, Juliano Y, Novo NF. Suicide mortality in the city of São Paulo: epidemiological characteristics and their social factors in a temporal trend between 2000 and 2017. Retrospective study. SAO PAULO MED J 2020; 138:253-258. [PMID: 32578744 PMCID: PMC9671229 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2019.0539.r1.05032020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for one million deaths annually. Greater understanding of the causal risk factors is needed, especially in large urban centers. OBJECTIVE To ascertain the epidemiological profile and temporal trend of suicides over two decades and correlate prevalence with social indicators. DESIGN AND SETTING Descriptive population-based longitudinal retrospective study conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS A temporal trend series for suicide mortality in this city was constructed based on data from the Ministry of Health's mortality notification system, covering 2000-2017. It was analyzed using classic demographic variables relating to social factors. RESULTS Suicide rates were high throughout this period, increasing from 4.6/100,000 inhabitants in the 2000s to 4.9/100,000 in 2017 (mean: 4.7/100,000). The increase in mortality was mainly due to increased male suicide, which went from 6.0/100,000 to the current 8.0/100,000. Other higher coefficients corresponded to social risk factors, such as being a young adult (25-44 years old), being more educated (eight years of schooling) and having white ethnicity (67.2%). Suicide was also twice as likely to occur at home (47.8%). CONCLUSION High suicide rates were seen over the period 2000-2017, especially among young adults and males. High schooling levels and white ethnicity were risk factors. The home environment is the crucial arena for preventive action. One special aspect of primary prevention is the internet and especially social media, which provides a multitude of information for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Colombo-Souza
- PhD. Professor and Researcher, Postgraduate Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade de Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Boucault Tranchitella
- MD, MSc. Orthopedic Doctor, Postgraduate Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade de Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro
- PhD. Professor and Coordinator, Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade de Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil; Postdoctoral Student, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Yára Juliano
- MD. Professor and Researcher, Postgraduate Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade de Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Neil Ferreira Novo
- MD. Professor and Researcher, Postgraduate Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, Universidade de Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Tavares ASR, Serpa S, Horta L, Carolino E, Rosado A. Prevalence of Performance-Enhancing Substance Use and Associated Factors among Portuguese Gym/Fitness Users. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1059-1067. [PMID: 32068479 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1726392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, doping is not confined to elite sport, it is also spread throughout gymnasia and fitness centers, and it is seen as a public health concern. Studies focusing on performance-enhancing substances (PES) use among gym users are few and mostly concern the practice of bodybuilding and the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), without providing information about social indicators to further explore why this specific population use these substances. Objectives: To investigate the extent of PES use and examine the way social indicators, exercise profile and gym modalities influence the use of these substances among a sample of gym users. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, among a convenience sample of 453 Portuguese gym users, recruited directly by five institutional gyms´ email and Facebook. Data were collected via a structured web-based survey, between October and November 2017. Multiple binary logistic regression, the Chi-Square test or Monte Carlo Simulation or Fisher's Exact test were used. The odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: 11,1% of gym users reported the use of prohibited PES, which varies significantly according to gender, education, exercise profile and type of practice. Gender was associated with the class of PES used. Polypharmacy was a common practice among users, increasing the risk of side-effects. Peer effect and media appear to be strikingly important in the misuse of PES. Conclusion: Results provide precise insight into the specific factors associated with PES use, which could support prevention strategies in gym/fitness context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia R Tavares
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sidónio Serpa
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Lusophone University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Horta
- University Hospital Centre of Central Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Rosado
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Błachnio A, Przepiórka A, Gorbaniuk O, Benvenuti M, Ciobanu AM, Senol-Durak E, Durak M, Giannakos MN, Mazzoni E, Pappas IO, Popa C, Seidman G, Wu AMS, Yu S, Ben-Ezra M. Cultural Correlates of Internet Addiction. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2019; 22:258-263. [PMID: 30958038 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing problems connected with excessive Internet use can be observed all over the world. Internet addiction is defined as excessive involvement in the Internet with negative consequences. The main aim of the study was to investigate economic indicators as correlates of Internet addiction. The study was conducted in nine countries. The number of participants amounted to a total of 3,279 Internet users (54% were female), with a mean age of M = 25.14 (SD = 10.03). The authors used Young's Internet Addiction Test. In addition, some social and economic indicators characterizing the countries were taken into consideration. We found that Internet addiction was positively related to economic well-being, social progress, and human development as well as negatively related to human well-being, health, safety, and security. The results of the study contribute to the international debate on Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Błachnio
- 1 Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Przepiórka
- 1 Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Oleg Gorbaniuk
- 2 Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | - Adela Magdalena Ciobanu
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emre Senol-Durak
- 5 Psychology Department, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mithat Durak
- 5 Psychology Department, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Michail N Giannakos
- 6 Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Ilias O Pappas
- 6 Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camelia Popa
- 7 UNATC-CINETIc Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Anise M S Wu
- 9 Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shu Yu
- 9 Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Zhuhai, China
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8
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Crespo CF. [Chile: New health and institutional challenges in a country in transitionChile: novos desafios institucionais e em saúde em um país em transição]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2018; 42:e137. [PMID: 31093165 PMCID: PMC6385805 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2018.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
En Chile, desde 1950, las políticas públicas sanitarias se transformaron en un tema prioritario. Se lograron importantes avances en aspectos sanitarios básicos –como cobertura de agua potable- y priorización de la atención primaria de salud, lo que permitió controlar enfermedades transmisibles, reducir la mortalidad materno-infantil y eliminar la desnutrición. Chile, con un modelo mixto de salud, logró el cometido de la Declaración Alma-Ata de “alcanzar un mejor nivel de salud de los pueblos” y obtuvo los mejores índices sanitarios y socioeconómicos de América Latina. Sin embargo, proveer un mejor nivel de salud a la población es una meta que nunca llega a su fin y pareciera ser que Chile quedó estancado. En este contexto, el desafío es plantearse las nuevas metas sanitarias que tiene el país, ya no como un país de ingresos bajos, sino como un país de ingresos medios-altos, cuyas problemáticas de salud son otras. En concreto, Chile debe avanzar en perfeccionar la atención y cuidado de la salud de las personas, con políticas sanitarias enfocadas en enfermedades no transmisibles -como afecciones cardiovasculares y el cáncer- y enfocadas en la prevención y promoción de la salud. Para ello, el Ministerio de Salud debe modernizar su gestión y retomar su rol de gestor de metas sanitarias, que ha sido absorbido por tareas administrativas. Todo ello sin perder la complementariedad alcanzada entre los sectores público y privado, de modo de aminorar las limitaciones que tiene hoy el sistema público.
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Souza AI, de Siqueira MT, Ferreira ALCG, de Freitas CU, Bezerra ACV, Ribeiro AG, Nardocci AC. Geography of Microcephaly in the Zika Era: A Study of Newborn Distribution and Socio-environmental Indicators in Recife, Brazil, 2015-2016. Public Health Rep 2018; 133:461-471. [PMID: 29920225 PMCID: PMC6055288 DOI: 10.1177/0033354918777256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed sociodemographic and health care factors of mothers and newborns during a 2015-2016 outbreak of microcephaly in Recife, Brazil, and we analyzed the spatial distribution and incidence risk of newborns with microcephaly in relation to socio-environmental indicators. METHODS We collected data from August 2015 through May 2016 from Brazil's Live Birth Information System and Bulletin of Microcephaly Notification, and we geocoded the data by maternal residence. We constructed thematic maps of districts, according to socio-environmental and vector indicators. We identified spatial aggregates of newborns with microcephaly by using the Bernoulli model. We performed logistic regression analyses to compare the incidence risk of microcephaly within socio-environmental indicator groups. RESULTS We geocoded 17 990 of 19 554 (92.0%) live births in Recife, of which 202 (1.1%) newborns were classified as having microcephaly, based on a head circumference of ≥2 standard deviations below the mean. Larger proportions of newborns with microcephaly (compared with newborns without microcephaly) were born to mothers who delivered in a public hospital, did not attend college, were aged ≤19, or were black or mixed race. A higher risk of microcephaly (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.88-8.06) occurred in districts with the lowest (vs highest) Municipal Human Development Index (ie, an index that assesses longevity, education, and income). The risk of microcephaly was significantly higher where rates of larvae density (IRR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.19-4.50) and larvae detection (IRR = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.05-4.00) were higher and rates of sewage system (IRR = 2.20; 95% CI, 1.16-4.18) and garbage collection (IRR = 1.96; 95% CI, 0.99-3.88) were lower. Newborns with microcephaly lived predominantly in the poorest areas and in a high-risk cluster (relative risk = 1.89, P = .01) in the north. CONCLUSIONS The disproportionate incidence of microcephaly in newborns in poor areas of Recife reinforces the need for government and public health authorities to formulate policies that promote social equity and support for families and their children with microcephaly.
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Schmidt SM, Miot HA, Luz FB, Sousa MAJ, Palma SLL, Sanches Junior JA. Demographics and spatial distribution of the Brazilian dermatologists. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:99-103. [PMID: 29641706 PMCID: PMC5871371 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical-dermatological demographics favors health planning and guides expansion of the specialty. We conducted an ecological study of dermatologists members of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology (SBD). We evaluated: gender, age, address; which were compared with population and human development index indicators of municipalities. We evaluated 8384 members, distributed in 527 (9.5%) municipalities throughout Brazil. The female sex represented 78.4% of the members and the median age was 43 (36-54) years. The median density of dermatologists was 0.35 (0.21-0.37) per 10,000 inhabitants. The correlation (Spearman's rho) between density of dermatologists and human development index was 0.39 (p <0.01). The Brazilian dermatologist is characterized as: female, age <50 years and presenting an heterogeneous distribution throught the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sílvia Maria Schmidt
- Board of Directors of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology -
Florianópolis (SC), Brazil
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Board of Directors of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology -
Florianópolis (SC), Brazil
| | - Flávio Barbosa Luz
- Board of Directors of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology -
Florianópolis (SC), Brazil
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Parreira VG, Meira KC, Guimarães RM. Socioeconomic differentials and mortality from colorectal cancer in large cities in Brazil. Ecancermedicalscience 2016; 10:614. [PMID: 26823683 PMCID: PMC4720492 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2016.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the mortality pattern of colorectal cancer according to the social development profile of the large Brazilian cities. This was an ecological study that used as units of analysis Brazilian municipalities that were considered to be large (i.e. over 100,000 inhabitants). The social indicators adopted were obtained from the Atlas of Human Development in Brazil. Mortality data came from the Mortality Information System (MIS), represented by codes C18, C19, and C20. For data analysis, municipalities were characterised according to the indicator profile used by multivariate classification cluster analysis. It was observed that the Southeast, South, and Midwest regions concentrated over 90% of cities in the group of more developed municipalities, while the North and Northeast regions were represented by 60% of cities in the group of less developed municipalities. The mortality pattern of colorectal cancer in both groups was different, with a higher average mortality rate from colorectal cancer for populations living in cities from the more developed group (p = 0.02). The mortality rate from this cancer was shown to be directly proportional to the Municipal Human Developlemnt Index (MHDI) and inversely proportional to the inequality indicator (p < 0.001); therefore the highest means were observed among the municipalities with better socioeconomic conditions. It is important to consider social disparities to ensure equity in healthcare policy management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Cardoso Meira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Escola de Enfermagem de Natal, Brazil
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Stephanson SL, Mascia MB. Putting people on the map through an approach that integrates social data in conservation planning. Conserv Biol 2014; 28:1236-48. [PMID: 25102957 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Conservation planning is integral to strategic and effective operations of conservation organizations. Drawing upon biological sciences, conservation planning has historically made limited use of social data. We offer an approach for integrating data on social well-being into conservation planning that captures and places into context the spatial patterns and trends in human needs and capacities. This hierarchical approach provides a nested framework for characterizing and mapping data on social well-being in 5 domains: economic well-being, health, political empowerment, education, and culture. These 5 domains each have multiple attributes; each attribute may be characterized by one or more indicators. Through existing or novel data that display spatial and temporal heterogeneity in social well-being, conservation scientists, planners, and decision makers may measure, benchmark, map, and integrate these data within conservation planning processes. Selecting indicators and integrating these data into conservation planning is an iterative, participatory process tailored to the local context and planning goals. Social well-being data complement biophysical and threat-oriented social data within conservation planning processes to inform decisions regarding where and how to conserve biodiversity, provide a structure for exploring socioecological relationships, and to foster adaptive management. Building upon existing conservation planning methods and insights from multiple disciplines, this approach to putting people on the map can readily merge with current planning practices to facilitate more rigorous decision making.
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Mundt A, Kliewe T, Yayla S, Ignatyev Y, Busch MA, Heimann H, Heinz A, Rapp MA, Schouler-Ocak M, Ströhle A, Aichberger MC. Social characteristics of psychological distress in disadvantaged areas of Berlin. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2014; 60:75-82. [PMID: 23117825 DOI: 10.1177/0020764012464017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Living in disadvantaged urban areas is associated with poor mental health. The purpose of this study was to assess which social characteristics were associated with psychological distress within a disadvantaged, multi-ethnic neighbourhood of Berlin. METHODS The study was conducted in an area of Berlin with the highest rates of unemployment and highest density of migrants. A total of 143 participants aged 18-57 years were included from a random sample. The social characteristics educational level, employment status, marital status, living alone, per-capita income and background of migration were collected. Psychological distress was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire GHQ-28; scores ≥ 5 indicated psychological distress corresponding to psychiatric caseness. RESULTS Psychological distress was found in 40.6% (n = 58) of the sample. Psychological distress was associated with younger age (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.98, p = .004), female gender (OR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.55-7.92, p = .003) and living alone (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.58-9.52, p = .003), but not with background of migration, low educational level or with unemployment. CONCLUSIONS Young age and female gender may predispose for psychological distress in disadvantaged areas. Living alone could be a social indicator of poor mental health within disadvantaged urban areas. The directionality of the association is unclear. BACKGROUND of migration, low income and educational level do not seem to be associated with poor mental health within those areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mundt
- 1Unit for Social & Community Psychiatry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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