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Loupe JM, Anderson AG, Rizzardi LF, Rodriguez-Nunez I, Moyers B, Trausch-Lowther K, Jain R, Bunney WE, Bunney BG, Cartagena P, Sequeira A, Watson SJ, Akil H, Cooper GM, Myers RM. Multiomic profiling of transcription factor binding and function in human brain. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:1387-1399. [PMID: 38831039 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) orchestrate gene expression programs crucial for brain function, but we lack detailed information about TF binding in human brain tissue. We generated a multiomic resource (ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, DNA methylation) on bulk tissues and sorted nuclei from several postmortem brain regions, including binding maps for more than 100 TFs. We demonstrate improved measurements of TF activity, including motif recognition and gene expression modeling, upon identification and removal of high TF occupancy regions. Further, predictive TF binding models demonstrate a bias for these high-occupancy sites. Neuronal TFs SATB2 and TBR1 bind unique regions depleted for such sites and promote neuronal gene expression. Binding sites for TFs, including TBR1 and PKNOX1, are enriched for risk variants associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, predominantly in neurons. This work, titled BrainTF, is a powerful resource for future studies seeking to understand the roles of specific TFs in regulating gene expression in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Loupe
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Lindsay F Rizzardi
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Alabama in Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Belle Moyers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Rashmi Jain
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - William E Bunney
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Blynn G Bunney
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Preston Cartagena
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adolfo Sequeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
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Truong TTT, Liu ZSJ, Panizzutti B, Dean OM, Berk M, Kim JH, Walder K. Use of gene regulatory network analysis to repurpose drugs to treat bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:230-239. [PMID: 38190860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) presents significant challenges in drug discovery, necessitating alternative approaches. Drug repurposing, leveraging computational techniques and expanding biomedical data, holds promise for identifying novel treatment strategies. METHODS This study utilized gene regulatory networks (GRNs) to identify significant regulatory changes in BD, using network-based signatures for drug repurposing. Employing the PANDA algorithm, we investigated the variations in transcription factor-GRNs between individuals with BD and unaffected individuals, incorporating binding motifs, protein interactions, and gene co-expression data. The differences in edge weights between BD and controls were then used as differential network signatures to identify drugs potentially targeting the disease-associated gene signature, employing the CLUEreg tool in the GRAND database. RESULTS Using a large RNA-seq dataset of 216 post-mortem brain samples from the CommonMind consortium, we constructed GRNs based on co-expression for individuals with BD and unaffected controls, involving 15,271 genes and 405 TFs. Our analysis highlighted significant influences of these TFs on immune response, energy metabolism, cell signalling, and cell adhesion pathways in the disorder. By employing drug repurposing, we identified 10 promising candidates potentially repurposed as BD treatments. LIMITATIONS Non-drug-naïve transcriptomics data, bulk analysis of BD samples, potential bias of GRNs towards well-studied genes. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation into repurposing candidates, especially those with preclinical evidence supporting their efficacy, like kaempferol and pramocaine, is warranted to understand their mechanisms of action and effectiveness in treating BD. Additionally, novel targets such as PARP1 and A2b offer opportunities for future research on their relevance to the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T T Truong
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Zoe S J Liu
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Bruna Panizzutti
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia.
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Xu C, Wang S, Su BB, Ozuna K, Mao C, Dai Z, Wang K. Associations of adolescent substance use and depressive symptoms with adult major depressive disorder in the United States: NSDUH 2016-2019. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:397-406. [PMID: 37844780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the associations of adolescent substance use and depressive symptoms with adult major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Data from 168,859 adults, among which, 15,959 had experienced MDD in the past year, as indicated by a major depressive episode (MDE) marked by MDD symptoms, were from the 2016-2019 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Weighted multivariable logistic regression (MLR) analyses were used to determine the associations. RESULTS The overall MDD prevalence was 7.2 %, whereas the prevalence for adults without early onset depressive symptoms prior to age 18 was 4.6 %. Variable cluster analysis revealed that adolescent use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogen use, and inhalants prior to age 18 were in one cluster. MLR analyses showed that the presence of depressive symptoms prior to age 18 was the major risk factor for MDD, while adolescent use of alcohol, marijuana, and inhalants prior to age 18 were associated with increased odds of MDD (p < 0.05) both in the whole data and the subset of adults without depressive symptoms prior to age 18. Adolescent use of cocaine prior to age 18 were associated with MDD only in the whole data, whereas adolescent smokeless tobacco use was associated with MDD only in those without depressive symptoms prior to age 18. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the comorbid early substance use and depressive symptoms during adolescence with adult MDD. Intervention strategies should simultaneously address early-onset substance use and depressive symptoms prior to age 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.
| | - Silas Wang
- Department of Statistics & Data Science, Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brenda Bin Su
- Department of Pediatrics - Allergy and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kaysie Ozuna
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - ChunXiang Mao
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Dai
- Health Affairs Institute, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Esquivel-López AA, Sotelo-Ramírez CE, Aguilar-García A, Ordoñez-Martínez B, Jiménez-Pavón J, Madrigal-Lara MV, Díaz-Vivanco AJ, Camarena B. NR3C1 and NR3C2 Genes Increase the Risk of Suicide Attempt in Psychiatric Disorder Patients with History of Childhood Trauma. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2561-2571. [PMID: 38035135 PMCID: PMC10683665 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s431176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis gene variants and childhood trauma (CT) are considered risk factors for suicide attempt (SA). The aim of the present study was analyzed gene x environment (GxE) interaction of NR3C1, NR3C2, and CT, and NR3C1 and NR3C2 gene expression in the development of SA with CT. Participants and Methods A total of 516 psychiatric Mexican patients from Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Among them, 274 had SA at least once and 242 had not SA. Genetic variants of NR3C1 and NR3C2 were genotyped in all the patients, of which were obtained the CT information from medical records. Additionally, the gene expression of NR3C1 and NR3C2 was also analyzed for a subsample of 96 patients, obtaining the TC information from Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results The analysis showed a GxE interaction of NR3C1, NR3C2, and CT (OR=2.8, 95% CI [1.9-3.9], p<0.0001). Interactions were also observed with neglect (OR=2.1, 95% CI [1.4-3.1], p<0.0001), emotional abuse (OR=2.1, 95% CI [1.5-3], p<0.0001), and sexual abuse (OR=2.4, 95% CI [1.4-2.9], p<0.0001) in the prediction of SA. The analysis of gene expression identified an overexpression of NR3C1 in SA patients with high scores for physical and sexual abuse (p<0.0001; p<0.0006, respectively) and emotional neglect (p=0.014). An underexpression was observed of NR3C2, associated with high scores of trauma subtypes (p<0.0001) except physical neglect. Additionally, we observed an overexpression of NR3C1 gene in patients with SA carriers of A allele of rs6191 (p=0.0015). Also, overexpression of NR3C1 gene in carriers of G allele of rs6198 and underexpression of NR3C2 gene in carriers of G allele of rs5522 (p<0.0001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that genetic variants of NR3C1 and NR3C2 differentially affect expression levels, increasing the susceptibility to SA in psychiatric patients with a history of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayerim Alma Esquivel-López
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlo Esteban Sotelo-Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Aguilar-García
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Bruno Ordoñez-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Joanna Jiménez-Pavón
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - María Victoria Madrigal-Lara
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alan Jair Díaz-Vivanco
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Camarena
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Pince CL, Whiting KE, Wang T, Lékó AH, Farinelli LA, Cooper D, Farokhnia M, Vendruscolo LF, Leggio L. Role of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in addiction: A scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105427. [PMID: 37858908 PMCID: PMC10865927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and human studies suggest a role of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in addiction. This scoping review aimed to summarize (1) the relationship between alcohol and other substance use disorders (ASUDs) and dysfunctions of the aldosterone and MR, and (2) how pharmacological manipulations of MR may affect ASUD-related outcomes. Our search in four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) indicated that most studies focused on the relationship between aldosterone, MR, and alcohol (n = 30), with the rest focused on opioids (n = 5), nicotine (n = 9), and other addictive substances (n = 9). Despite some inconsistencies, the overall results suggest peripheral and central dysregulations of aldosterone and MR in several species and that these dysregulations depended on the pattern of drug exposure and genetic factors. We conclude that MR antagonism may be a promising target in ASUD, yet future studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Pince
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Stress & Addiction Neuroscience Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kimberly E Whiting
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tammy Wang
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - András H Lékó
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa A Farinelli
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Diane Cooper
- Office of Research Services, Division of Library Services, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Stress & Addiction Neuroscience Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Singh P, Srivastava A, Guin D, Thakran S, Yadav J, Chandna P, Sood M, Chadda RK, Kukreti R. Genetic Landscape of Major Depressive Disorder: Assessment of Potential Diagnostic and Antidepressant Response Markers. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:692-738. [PMID: 36655406 PMCID: PMC10586057 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical heterogeneity in major depressive disorder (MDD), variable treatment response, and conflicting findings limit the ability of genomics toward the discovery of evidence-based diagnosis and treatment regimen. This study attempts to curate all genetic association findings to evaluate potential variants for clinical translation. METHODS We systematically reviewed all candidates and genome-wide association studies for both MDD susceptibility and antidepressant response, independently, using MEDLINE, particularly to identify replicated findings. These variants were evaluated for functional consequences using different in silico tools and further estimated their diagnostic predictability by calculating positive predictive values. RESULTS A total of 217 significantly associated studies comprising 1200 variants across 545 genes and 128 studies including 921 variants across 412 genes were included with MDD susceptibility and antidepressant response, respectively. Although the majority of associations were confirmed by a single study, we identified 31 and 18 replicated variants (in at least 2 studies) for MDD and antidepressant response. Functional annotation of these 31 variants predicted 20% coding variants as deleterious/damaging and 80.6% variants with regulatory effect. Similarly, the response-related 18 variants revealed 25% coding variant as damaging and 88.2% with substantial regulatory potential. Finally, we could calculate the diagnostic predictability of 19 and 5 variants whose positive predictive values ranges from 0.49 to 0.66 for MDD and 0.36 to 0.66 for response. CONCLUSIONS The replicated variants presented in our data are promising for disease diagnosis and improved response outcomes. Although these quantitative assessment measures are solely directive of available observational evidence, robust homogenous validation studies are required to strengthen these variants for molecular diagnostic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Thakran
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Chandna
- Indian Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ISCCP), Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mamta Sood
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Chadda
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Fang X, Wang D, Tang W, Liu H, Zhang X, Zhang C. Anhedonia difference between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder II. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:531. [PMID: 34706699 PMCID: PMC8555067 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the difference in anhedonia between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder II (BD-II), and attempt to distinguish the two diseases through Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). METHODS A total of 164 drug-free depressive patients (98 MDD patients, 66 BD-II patients) completed the investigation. 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and SHAPS were assessed in all participants. RESULTS Our results showed that BD-II patients had higher SHAPS scores than MDD patients. The stepwise logistic regression analysis further revealed that SHAPS score, drinking habit, and extroversion as influencing factors for the identification of BD-II. The ROC curve analysis indicated that SHAPS could differentiate BD-II from MDD patients (AUC = 0.655, P = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.568 to 0.742), with the best screening cutoff at 26, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity was 0.788 and 0.520, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BD-II patients had more severe anhedonia compared to MDD patients, and the difference in anhedonia may help clinicians preliminary identify BD patients from MDD patients. The preliminary findings are worthly of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Fang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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HPA-axis multilocus genetic profile score moderates the association between maternal prenatal perceived stress and offspring depression in early adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:122-134. [PMID: 31959271 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maternal stress during pregnancy can cause alterations to the fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a phenomenon known as fetal programming that may have lasting effects on offspring outcomes, including depression. Evidence suggests that these effects may vary with respect to the offspring's genetic risk. Nonetheless, few studies have examined these effects into adulthood, when risk for depression onset is highest. The present study builds upon the extant literature by examining the interaction of maternal prenatal perceived stress (MPPS) and offspring HPA-axis polygenic risk to predict offspring depression in early adulthood. A total of 381 mother-child dyads participated in a prospective, longitudinal study that spanned from pregnancy until offspring were 20 years of age. Polygenic risk was defined by a multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS) that reflected the additive risk of three HPA-axis candidate genes. The results indicated that the interaction of MPPS and HPA-axis MGPS confers risk for offspring depression at age 20, in line with the differential susceptibility model. This interaction may be specific to prenatal stress, as maternal stress during early childhood did not interact with genetic risk to predict depression. These findings provide the first evidence that genetic variants that are associated with the HPA axis may act in a polygenic, additive fashion to moderate the association between fetal programming and adult depression.
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Personalized Medicine Using Neuroimmunological Biomarkers in Depressive Disorders. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020114. [PMID: 33578686 PMCID: PMC7916349 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with increased suicidal risk and reduced productivity at work. Neuroimmunology, the study of the immune system and nervous system, provides further insight into the pathogenesis and outcome of MDD. Cytokines are the main modulators of neuroimmunology, and their levels are somewhat entangled in depressive disorders as they affect depressive symptoms and are affected by antidepressant treatment. The use of cytokine-derived medication as a treatment option for MDD is currently a topic of interest. Although not very promising, cytokines are also considered as possible prognostic or diagnostic markers for depression. The machine learning approach is a powerful tool for pattern recognition and has been used in psychiatry for finding useful patterns in data that have translational meaning and can be incorporated in daily clinical practice. This review focuses on the current knowledge of neuroimmunology and depression and the possible use of machine learning to widen our understanding of the topic.
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Szczepankiewicz D, Narożna B, Celichowski P, Sakrajda K, Kołodziejski P, Banach E, Zakowicz P, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Pawlak J, Wiłkość M, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Skibińska M, Bejger A, Twarowska-Hauser J, Rybakowski JK, Nogowski L, Szczepankiewicz A. Genes involved in glucocorticoid receptor signalling affect susceptibility to mood disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:149-160. [PMID: 32400287 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1766109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In mood disorders chronic stress contributes to decreased glucocorticoid receptor signalling in the brain and resistance in the periphery. We hypothesised that aberrant glucocorticoid receptor function may result from genetic predisposition and that decreased GR signalling in the brain correlates with the expression of genes regulating GR complex formation. METHODS We performed the association analysis of 698 patients: 490 patients with bipolar disorder and 208 patients with major depressive disorder and 564 control subjects. We genotyped 11 variants using TaqMan assays. Gene expression in the brain tissue was done in male Wistar rats after chronic mild stress protocol. The SRSF5 serum concentration was performed using ELISA. Data were analysed in Statistica and GraphPad. RESULTS We found an association of STIP1 and SRSF5 variants with major depressive disorder and BAG1 variant with bipolar disorder. Gene expression analysis in a rat model of depression confirmed significant changes in the expression of SRSF5, BAG1, and FKBP4 in the brain. For SRSF5, we observed significantly increased expression in the serum of depressed females and male rats exposed to chronic stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the involvement of genes associated with GR function, SRSF5, BAG1, and FKBP4 with susceptibility to mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Narożna
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kosma Sakrajda
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Paweł Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Banach
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Zakowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Children and Adolescent Treatment Center, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Wiłkość
- Department of Individual Differences Psychology, Psychology Institute, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Maria Skibińska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Bejger
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Deparment of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Leszek Nogowski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Castro-Vale I, Carvalho D. The Pathways between Cortisol-Related Regulation Genes and PTSD Psychotherapy. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040376. [PMID: 33019527 PMCID: PMC7712185 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) only develops after exposure to a traumatic event in some individuals. PTSD can be chronic and debilitating, and is associated with co-morbidities such as depression, substance use, and cardiometabolic disorders. One of the most important pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of PTSD and its subsequent maintenance is a dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The corticotrophin-releasing hormone, cortisol, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and their respective genes are some of the mediators of PTSD's pathophysiology. Several treatments are available, including medication and psychotherapies, although their success rate is limited. Some pharmacological therapies based on the HPA axis are currently being tested in clinical trials and changes in HPA axis biomarkers have been found to occur in response not only to pharmacological treatments, but also to psychotherapy-including the epigenetic modification of the GR gene. Psychotherapies are considered to be the first line treatments for PTSD in some guidelines, even though they are effective for some, but not for all patients with PTSD. This review aims to address how knowledge of the HPA axis-related genetic makeup can inform and predict the outcomes of psychotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone Castro-Vale
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, São João Hospital University Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
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12
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Plieger T, Reuter M. Stress & executive functioning: A review considering moderating factors. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 173:107254. [PMID: 32485224 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of studies investigating the effects of stress on cognition has produced an inconsistent picture on whether - and under which conditions - stress has advantageous or disadvantageous effects on executive functions (EF). This review provides a short introduction to the concept of stress and its neurobiology, before discussing the need to consider moderating factors in the association between stress and EF. Three core domains are described and discussed in relation to the interplay between stress and cognition: the influence of different paradigms on physiological stress reactivity, individual differences in demographic and biological factors, and task-related features of cognitive tasks. Although some moderating variables such as the endocrine stress response have frequently been considered in single studies, no attempt of a holistic overview has been made so far. Therefore, we propose a more nuanced and systematic framework to study the effects of stress on executive functioning, comprising a holistic overview from the induction of stress, via biological mechanisms and interactions with individual differences, to the influence of stress on cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Plieger
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, D-53111 Bonn, Germany
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Walsh CP, Lim A, Marsland AL, Ferrell RE, Manuck SB. Circulating Interleukin-6 concentration covaries inversely with self-reported sleep duration as a function of polymorphic variation in the glucocorticoid receptor. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:21-30. [PMID: 30639698 PMCID: PMC6488397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence links extremes of self-reported sleep duration with higher circulating markers of inflammatory disease risk, although not all findings are consistent. Extremes of sleep duration also associate with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system and the peripheral release of cortisol, a glucocorticoid (GC) important in downregulating transcription of pro-inflammatory molecules. Polymorphic variation in the gene encoding the GC receptor (GR; NR3C1) modulates cellular sensitivity to GC-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling, thereby affecting levels of pro-inflammatory molecules. Thus, we hypothesized that extremes of self-reported sleep duration may covary with circulating levels of inflammatory markers as a function of allelic variation in NR3C1. Specifically, we examine the possibility that a single nucleotide polymorphism of the GR gene-(rs6198), the minor (G) allele of which confers reduced GR sensitivity-moderates an association of sleep duration with interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) among a large sample (IL-6: N = 857; CRP: N = 929) of midlife community volunteers of European ancestry. Findings showed that sleep duration varied inversely with IL-6 (β = -0.087, p = .012), and this association was stronger among individuals homozygous for the rs6198 G-allele compared to alternate genotypes (β = -0.071, p = .039). We also found that sleep duration showed a U-shaped association with CRP (polynomial term: β = 0.093, p = .006), which was not moderated by rs6198 genotype. In conclusion, we show that a common genetic variant in the GR moderates an inverse association of self-reported sleep duration with circulating IL-6, possibly contributing to the increased disease risk observed among some short sleepers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvin Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
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14
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Kang HJ, Bae KY, Kim SW, Shin IS, Kim HR, Shin MG, Hong YJ, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Yoon JS, Kim JM. Methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene associated with depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:42-49. [PMID: 30408722 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the longitudinal effects of NR3C1 1 F exon methylation on the risk of depression following ACS and treatment outcomes. METHODS In total, 969 patients admitted for recent ACS were recruited within 2 weeks of ACS; 711 of these patients were followed up at 1 year. Depressive disorder was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and included prevalent depressive disorder at baseline and incident or persistent depressive disorder at follow-up based on depression status at the two examinations. Of the 378 baseline participants who were diagnosed with depression, 255 participated in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram, while the remaining 123 were managed with the usual medical treatment for ACS.NR3C1 1 F exon methylation was measured using peripheral blood samples, and various demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed as covariates. RESULTS Higher NR3C1 1 F exon methylation levels were independently associated with prevalent depressive disorder at baseline but not with incident or persistent depressive disorder at follow-up based on logistic regression analyses adjusted for covariates. The effects of escitalopram on the remission of depressive symptoms was not influenced by NR3C1 1 F exon methylation status in ACS patients, but a placebo effect on the remission of depressive symptoms was observed, particularly in patients with lower methylation levels. CONCLUSIONS ACS patients with higher NR3C1 1 F exon methylation levels were at higher risk of developing depressive disorder within 2 weeks of ACS. Additionally, adequate antidepressant treatment may be effective for the remission of depressive symptoms regardless of NR3C1 1 F exon methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Yeol Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Ran Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Chen X, Wang M, Zhang Q, Hou Y, Huang X, Li S, Wu J. Stress response genes associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A case-control study in Chinese children. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:126-134. [PMID: 30707907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To explore the associations between stress response genes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, we conducted a case-control study consisting of 406 newly diagnosed ADHD cases and 432 controls in Wuhan, China. We genotyped the candidate genes, nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1(NR3C1) and solute carrier family 6 member 4(SLC6A4), using the Sequenom MassARRAY technology. After correction by Bonferroni (α' = 0.05/6 = 0.008), the rs6191 SNP was found to be associated with a reduced risk of ADHD in the dominant model (OR = 0.564, 95% CI = 0.389-0.819, P = 0.003) while the rs25531 SNP was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in the multiplicative model (OR = 1.380, 95% CI = 1.111-1.714, P = 0.004). Additionally, both the rs6191 and rs25531 SNPs were significantly associated with the attention deficit factor (P = 0.006, P = 0.003, respectively) but not with the hyperactivity/impulsivity factor in the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham-IV Questionnaire (SNAP-IV) scale. Furthermore, we found that these two SNPs were significantly associated with pure ADHD, and not affected by the comorbidities (P = 0.001, P = 0.007, respectively). Besides, there was an interaction between these two SNPs. This study demonstrated the role of NR3C1 and SLC6A4 polymorphisms in ADHD, yet independent replication of the findings of this study in multi-center and multi-stage studies with large samples is warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuwei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanyawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Pisanu C, Heilbronner U, Squassina A. The Role of Pharmacogenomics in Bipolar Disorder: Moving Towards Precision Medicine. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:409-420. [PMID: 29790107 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and disabling psychiatric condition with a severe socioeconomic impact. BD is treated with mood stabilizers, among which lithium represents the first-line treatment. Lithium alone or in combination is effective in 60% of chronically treated patients, but response remains heterogenous and a large number of patients require a change in therapy after several weeks or months. Many studies have so far tried to identify molecular and genetic markers that could help us to predict response to mood stabilizers or the risk for adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenetic studies in BD have been for the most part focused on lithium, but the complexity and variability of the response phenotype, together with the unclear mechanism of action of lithium, limited the power of these studies to identify robust biomarkers. Recent pharmacogenomic studies on lithium response have provided promising findings, suggesting that the integration of genome-wide investigations with deep phenotyping, in silico analyses and machine learning could lead us closer to personalized treatments for BD. Nevertheless, to date none of the genes suggested by pharmacogenetic studies on mood stabilizers have been included in any of the genetic tests approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for drug efficacy. On the other hand, genetic information has been included in drug labels to test for the safety of carbamazepine and valproate. In this review, we will outline available studies investigating the pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics of lithium and other mood stabilizers, with a specific focus on the limitations of these studies and potential strategies to overcome them. We will also discuss FDA-approved pharmacogenetic tests for treatments commonly used in the management of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Peng Q, Yan H, Wen Y, Lai C, Shi L. Association between NR3C1 rs41423247 polymorphism and depression: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12541. [PMID: 30278546 PMCID: PMC6181539 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is closely related to the occurrence of depression. The glucocorticoid receptor, also known as the nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (NR3C1), provides negative feedback to the HPA axis by binding to glucocorticoids. Some studies have demonstrated an association between the NR3C1 rs41423247 polymorphism and depression, but results from other studies have been controversial. METHOD In this study, the association between the NR3C1 rs41423247 polymorphism and depression was evaluated by a meta-analysis using the RevMan 5.3 software, and the Stata 10.0 software was used for sensitivity analysis and publication bias test. According to the inclusion criteria, related studies in databases were retrieved and screened. RESULTS In total, 9 articles were selected, including 1630 depressed patients and 3362 controls. The meta-analysis showed that homozygous mutation of NR3C1 rs41423247 was associated with depression in the total population (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.64-0.94, P = .01) and in Caucasians (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.96, P = .02). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrates that the NR3C1 rs41423247 homozygous mutation may be a risk factor for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Huacheng Yan
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Yuguan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongfa Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
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18
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Watkeys OJ, Kremerskothen K, Quidé Y, Fullerton JM, Green MJ. Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) DNA methylation in association with trauma, psychopathology, transcript expression, or genotypic variation: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:85-122. [PMID: 30176278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) is a critical component of the stress response system. Cytosine methylation of NR3C1 has been repeatedly associated with trauma and mental disorders, including major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and personality disorders, suggesting that NR3C1 methylation may play a role in stress-related psychopathology. We systematically reviewed 55 studies examining NR3C1 DNA methylation in association with trauma exposure, psychopathology, gene expression, and/or common genetic variants. Overall, a number of NR3C1 CpG sites were significantly associated with trauma or psychopathology, but significant findings were often inconsistent across studies. This lack of consistency is likely influenced by significant methodological variability - experimentally and analytically - across studies. Selected common genetic variants show no significant effect on NR3C1 CpG methylation. In contrast, there was ample evidence linking increased methylation of NR3C1 to reduced expression of this gene. The inverse association between methylation and gene expression shown across eight out of ten studies supports the notion that methylation in the promoter region of NR3C1 is associated with transcriptional silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Watkeys
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Kyle Kremerskothen
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Wallace Wurth Building, 18 High Street, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
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No association of NR3C1 polymorphisms with major depressive disorder in the Chinese Han population. Psychiatr Genet 2018; 28:38-39. [PMID: 29381656 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Whirledge SD, Jewell CM, Barber LM, Xu X, Katen KS, Garantziotis S, Cidlowski JA. Generating diversity in human glucocorticoid signaling through a racially diverse polymorphism in the beta isoform of the glucocorticoid receptor. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1282-1295. [PMID: 28759007 PMCID: PMC5759773 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene generates two isoforms, hGRα and hGRβ. hGRβ functions as a dominant-negative regulator of hGRα activity and but also has inherent transcriptional activity, collectively altering glucocorticoid sensitivity. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3' UTR of hGRβ have been associated with altered receptor protein expression, glucocorticoid sensitivity, and disease risk. Characterization of the hGRβ G3134T polymorphism has been limited to a relatively small, homogenous population. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hGRβ G3134T in a diverse population and assess the association of hGRβ G3134T in this population with physiological outcomes. In a prospective cohort study, 3730 genetically diverse participants were genotyped for hGRβ G3134T and four common GR polymorphisms. A subset of these participants was evaluated for clinical and biochemical measurements. Immortalized human osteosarcoma cells (U-2 OS), stably transfected with wild-type or G3134T hGRβ, were evaluated for receptor expression, stability, and genome-wide gene expression. Glucocorticoid-mediated gene expression profiles were investigated in primary macrophages isolated from participants. In a racially diverse population, the minor allele frequency was 74% (50.7% heterozygous carriers and 23.3% homozygous minor allele), with a higher prevalence in Caucasian non-Hispanic participants. After adjusting for confounding variable, carriers of hGRβ G3134T were more likely to self-report allergies, have higher serum cortisol levels, and reduced cortisol suppression in response to low-dose dexamethasone. The presence of hGRβ G3134T in U-2 OS cells increased hGR mRNA stability and protein expression. Microarray analysis revealed that the presence of the hGRβ G3134T polymorphism uniquely altered gene expression profiles in U-2 OS cells and primary macrophages. hGRβ G3134T is significantly present in the study population and associated with race, self-reported disease, and serum levels of glucocorticoids. Underlying these health differences may be changes in gene expression driven by altered receptor stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D Whirledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christine M Jewell
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environment Health Sciences/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kevin S Katen
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Program, Office of Clinical Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Decreased comfort food intake and allostatic load in adolescents carrying the A3669G variant of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. Appetite 2017; 116:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pytka K, Młyniec K, Podkowa K, Podkowa A, Jakubczyk M, Żmudzka E, Lustyk K, Sapa J, Filipek B. The role of melatonin, neurokinin, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase and glucocorticoid receptors in antidepressant-like effect. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:546-554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Keller J, Gomez R, Williams G, Lembke A, Lazzeroni L, Murphy GM, Schatzberg AF. HPA axis in major depression: cortisol, clinical symptomatology and genetic variation predict cognition. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:527-536. [PMID: 27528460 PMCID: PMC5313380 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a variety of mood and cognitive disorders. Neuroendocrine studies have demonstrated HPA axis overactivity in major depression, a relationship of HPA axis activity to cognitive performance and a potential role of HPA axis genetic variation in cognition. The present study investigated the simultaneous roles HPA axis activity, clinical symptomatology and HPA genetic variation play in cognitive performance. Patients with major depression with psychotic major depression (PMD) and with nonpsychotic major depression (NPMD) and healthy controls (HC) were studied. All participants underwent a diagnostic interview and psychiatric ratings, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, overnight hourly blood sampling for cortisol and genetic assessment. Cognitive performance differed as a function of depression subtype. Across all subjects, cognitive performance was negatively correlated with higher cortisol, and PMD patients had higher cortisol than did NPMDs and HCs. Cortisol, clinical symptoms and variation in genes, NR3C1 (glucocorticoid receptor; GR) and NR3C2 (mineralocorticoid receptor; MR) that encode for GRs and MRs, predicted cognitive performance. Beyond the effects of cortisol, demographics and clinical symptoms, NR3C1 variation predicted attention and working memory, whereas NR3C2 polymorphisms predicted memory performance. These findings parallel the distribution of GR and MR in primate brain and their putative roles in specific cognitive tasks. HPA axis genetic variation and activity were important predictors of cognition across the entire sample of depressed subjects and HR. GR and MR genetic variation predicted unique cognitive functions, beyond the influence of cortisol and clinical symptoms. GR genetic variation was implicated in attention and working memory, whereas MR was implicated in verbal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Rowena Gomez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine,Palo Alto University
| | | | - Anna Lembke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | - Greer M. Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Alan F. Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Merkulov VM, Merkulova TI, Bondar NP. Mechanisms of Brain Glucocorticoid Resistance in Stress-Induced Psychopathologies. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:351-365. [PMID: 28320277 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and leads to increased levels of glucocorticoid (GC) hormones. Prolonged elevation of GC levels causes neuronal dysfunction, decreases the density of synapses, and impairs neuronal plasticity. Decreased sensitivity to glucocorticoids (glucocorticoid resistance) that develops as a result of chronic stress is one of the characteristic features of stress-induced psychopathologies. In this article, we reviewed the published data on proposed molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of glucocorticoid resistance in brain, including changes in the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene, biosynthesis of GR isoforms, and GR posttranslational modifications. We also present data on alterations in the expression of the FKBP5 gene encoding the main component of cell ultra-short negative feedback loop of GC signaling regulation. Recent discoveries on stress- and GR-induced changes in epigenetic modification patterns as well as normalizing action of antidepressants are discussed. GR and FKBP5 gene polymorphisms associated with stress-induced psychopathologies are described, and their role in glucocorticoid resistance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Merkulov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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25
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Bastos CR, Gazal M, Quevedo LDA, Costa JL, Wiener CD, Jansen K, de Mola CL, Oses JP, Souza LDM, Portela LV, Pinheiro RT, da Silva RA, Lara DR, Ghisleni G. Polymorphism in CRHR1 gene affects the IL-1β levels in suicidal attempters. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 86:34-38. [PMID: 27894002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Approximately one million people commit suicide every year, being suicide attempts and ideation even more common. Changes in stress response and activation of the immune system have been associated with suicide risk. Here we investigated the interaction between immune system and HPA axis alterations in the suicide risk, looking for the influence of rs110402 CRHR1 SNP in the IL-1β levels according to suicide ideation and attempt. This study evaluated 171 subjects of which 15 had suicidal ideation, 20 had suicide attempt and 136 were controls. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR and IL-1β levels were measured by ELISA. Our data showed that for each point increase in IL-1β levels the risk of suicide attempt increased 5% [relative risk = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.0-1.10)]. After sample stratification by rs110402 SNP genotypes, we observed that in subjects carrying the A allele the risk raised to 15% [relative risk = 1.15 (95% CI: 1.03-1.28)], suggesting an apparent effect modification. Thus, this study showed that alterations in CRHR1 gene were associated with higher levels of IL-1β, and increased risk for suicide, reinforcing the importance of multifactorial interactions of biological markers for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa R Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marta Gazal
- Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana de A Quevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Joice Luisa Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Carolina D Wiener
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Jean P Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciano D M Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luiz Valmor Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Diogo R Lara
- Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil.
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27
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Zotter Z, Nagy Z, Patócs A, Csuka D, Veszeli N, Kőhalmi KV, Farkas H. Glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms in hereditary angioedema with C1-inhibitor deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:5. [PMID: 28069032 PMCID: PMC5223456 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary angioedema caused by C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder. C1-INH-HAE is characterized by edema-formation, which may occur in response to stress. The individual's response to stress stimuli is partly genetically determined. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis results in the release of cortisol. In turn, the secreted gluco- and mineralocorticoids affect the metabolism, as well as the cardiovascular and immune systems. We hypothesized that changes in serum cortisol level and polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modify the individual sensitivity to stressor stimuli of C1-INH-HAE patients. RESULTS We compared the response to stress with Rahe's Brief Stress and Coping Inventory of 43 C1-INH-HAE patients, 18 angioedema patients and 13 healthy controls. 139 C1-INH-HAE patients and 160 healthy controls were genotyped for glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms BclI, N363S and A3669G. Serum cortisol levels were determined during attacks and during symptom-free periods in 36 C1-INH-HAE patients. The relationships between clinical, laboratory data and GR SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) were assessed using ANOVA. C1-INH-HAE patients have decreased coping capabilities compared to healthy controls. Cortisol levels were significantly higher during attacks than in symptom-free periods (p = 0.004). The magnitude of the elevation of cortisol levels did not show a significant correlation with any clinical or laboratory data. Among the C1-INH-HAE patients, the carriers of the A3669G allele had significantly lower cortisol levels, and increased body mass index compared with non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS The higher cortisol level observed during attacks may reflect the effect of a stressful situation (such as of the attack itself), on the patients' neuroendocrine system. In A3669G carriers, the lower cortisol levels might reflect altered feedback to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, due to decreased sensitivity to glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Zotter
- Hungarian Angioedema Center, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi street 4, H-1125, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Urology, Medical Center, Hungarian Defence Forces, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Nagy
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,HAS-SE "Lendület" Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- HAS-SE "Lendület" Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Csuka
- Hungarian Angioedema Center, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi street 4, H-1125, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Veszeli
- Hungarian Angioedema Center, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi street 4, H-1125, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Viktória Kőhalmi
- Hungarian Angioedema Center, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi street 4, H-1125, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Hungarian Angioedema Center, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi street 4, H-1125, Budapest, Hungary.
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Rovaris DL, Aroche AP, da Silva BS, Kappel DB, Pezzi JC, Levandowski ML, Hess ARB, Schuch JB, de Almeida RMM, Grassi-Oliveira R, Bau CHD. Glucocorticoid receptor gene modulates severity of depression in women with crack cocaine addiction. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1438-1447. [PMID: 27397864 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Crack cocaine addicted inpatients that present more severe withdrawal symptoms also exhibit higher rates of depressive symptoms. There is strong evidence that the identification of genetic variants in depression is potentialized when reducing phenotypic heterogeneity by studying selected groups. Since depression has been associated to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, this study evaluated the effects of SNPs in stress-related genes on depressive symptoms of crack cocaine addicts at early abstinence and over the detoxification treatment (4th, 11th and 18th day post admission). Also, the role of these SNPs on the re-hospitalization rates after 2.5 years of follow-up was studied. One hundred eight-two women were enrolled and eight SNPs in four genes (NR3C2, NR3C1, FKBP5 and CRHR1) were genotyped. A significant main effect of NR3C1-rs41423247 was found, where the C minor allele increased depressive symptoms at early abstinence. This effect remained significant after 10,000 permutations to account for multiple SNPs tested (P=0.0077). There was no effect of rs41423247 on the course of detoxification treatment, but a slight effect of rs41423247 at late abstinence was detected (P=0.0463). This analysis suggests that the presence of at least one C allele is worse at early abstinence, while only CC genotype appears to increase depressive symptoms at late abstinence. Also, a slight effect of rs41423247 C minor allele increasing the number of re-hospitalizations after 2.5 years was found (P=0.0413). These findings are in agreement with previous studies reporting an influence of rs41423247 on sensitivity to glucocorticoids and further elucidate its resulting effects on depressive-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego L Rovaris
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angelita P Aroche
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Bruna S da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Djenifer B Kappel
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Pezzi
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mateus L Levandowski
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Post-Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Adriana R B Hess
- Institute of Psychology, Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior (LPNeC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline B Schuch
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosa M M de Almeida
- Institute of Psychology, Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior (LPNeC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Post-Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Some GCR Polymorphisms (N363S, ER22/23EK, and Bcl-1) May Influence Steroid-induced Toxicities and Survival Rates in Children With ALL. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 38:334-40. [PMID: 27050122 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether an altered individual glucocorticoid sensitivity due to particular glucocorticoid receptor single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (N363S, ER22/23EK, and Bcl-1) influences the susceptibility to steroid-related toxicities, prognostic factors, and survival rates in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In total, 346 pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were enrolled in our study. Their carrier status was investigated by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis. Clinical and laboratory signs of glucocorticoid-related toxicities, day-8 prednisone response, 5-year event-free survival, and 5-year overall survival rates were analyzed and compared retrospectively. Hepatotoxicity occurred significantly more often in 363S carriers (P=0.004), and glucose metabolism abnormalities were more common in 363S carriers (P=0.001), but did not occur in patients with the ER22/23EK SNP. Hypertension and central nervous system/behavioral changes did not occur in patients with the ER22/23EK SNP. None of the patients with the N363S SNP, the ER22/23EK polymorphism, or the GG genotype for the Bcl-1 polymorphism had a poor prednisone response. The 363S carriers had significantly better 5-year event-free survival (P=0.012) and 5-year overall survival (P=0.013) rates compared with noncarriers. The Bcl-1 SNP was not associated with any of the toxicities investigated or survival. Children with the N363S polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor gene were more prone to steroid-related toxicities, whereas those with the ER22/23EK polymorphism were less susceptible. Children with the N363S polymorphism may have more favorable survival rates.
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30
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Yin H, Galfalvy H, Pantazatos SP, Huang YY, Rosoklija GB, Dwork AJ, Burke A, Arango V, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ. GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR-RELATED GENES: GENOTYPE AND BRAIN GENE EXPRESSION RELATIONSHIPS TO SUICIDE AND MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:531-540. [PMID: 27030168 PMCID: PMC4889464 DOI: 10.1002/da.22499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We tested the relationship between genotype, gene expression and suicidal behavior and major depressive disorder (MDD) in live subjects and postmortem samples for three genes, associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, suicidal behavior, and MDD; FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5), Spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 2 (SKA2), and Glucocorticoid Receptor (NR3C1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes were tested for association with suicidal behavior and MDD in a live (N = 277) and a postmortem sample (N = 209). RNA-seq was used to examine gene and isoform-level brain expression postmortem (Brodmann Area 9; N = 59). Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) relationships were examined using a public database (UK Brain Expression Consortium). RESULTS We identified a haplotype within the FKBP5 gene, present in 47% of the live subjects, which was associated with increased risk of suicide attempt (OR = 1.58, t = 6.03, P = .014). Six SNPs on this gene, three SNPs on SKA2, and one near NR3C1 showed before-adjustment association with attempted suicide, and two SNPs of SKA2 with suicide death, but none stayed significant after adjustment for multiple testing. Only the SKA2 SNPs were related to expression in the prefrontal cortex (pFCTX). One NR3C1 transcript had lower expression in suicide relative to nonsuicide sudden death cases (b = -0.48, SE = 0.12, t = -4.02, adjusted P = .004). CONCLUSION We have identified an association of FKBP5 haplotype with risk of suicide attempt and found an association between suicide and altered NR3C1 gene expression in the pFCTX. Our findings further implicate hypothalamic pituitary axis dysfunction in suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Yin
- now at Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York
,Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University
| | | | - Yung-yu Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York
,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York
| | - Gorazd B. Rosoklija
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York
,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York
| | | | - Ainsley Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York
| | - Victoria Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York
,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York
| | | | - J. John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York
,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York
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Interactions between inflammatory mediators and corticosteroids regulate transcription of genes within the Kynurenine Pathway in the mouse hippocampus. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:98. [PMID: 27142940 PMCID: PMC4855471 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased tryptophan metabolism towards the production of kynurenine via indoleamine/tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenases (DOs: Ido1, Ido2, and Tdo2) is strongly associated with the prevalence of major depressive disorder in patients and the induction of depression-like behaviors in animal models. Several studies have suggested that activation of the immune system or elevated corticosteroids drive DO expression; however, mechanisms linking cytokines, corticosteroids, and DOs to psychiatric diseases remain unclear. Various attempts have been made to correlate DO gene expression within the brain to behavior, but disparate results have been obtained. We believe that discrepancies arise as a result of the under-recognized existence of multiple mRNA transcripts for each DO. Unfortunately, there are no reports regarding how the multiple transcripts are distributed or regulated. Here, we used organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) to directly test the ability of inflammatory and stress mediators to differentially regulate DO transcripts. Methods OHSCs were treated with pro-inflammatory mediators (interferon-gamma (IFNγ), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (pI:C)) with or without corticosteroids (dexamethasone (Dex: glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist), aldosterone (Aldo: mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) agonist), or corticosterone (Cort: GR/MR agonist)). Results IFNγ induced Ido1-full length (FL) and Ido1-variant (v) expression, and surprisingly, Dex, Cort, and Aldo interacted with IFNγ to further elevate expression of Ido1, importantly, in a transcript dependent manner. IFNγ, LPS, and pI:C increased expression of Ido2-v1 and Ido2-v3 transcripts, whereas only IFNγ increased expression of Ido2-v2. Overall Ido2 transcripts were relatively unaffected by GR or MR activation. Naïve mouse brain expresses multiple Tdo2 transcripts. Dex and Cort induced expression of only one of the three Tdo2 transcripts (Tdo2-FL) in OHSCs. Conclusions These results establish that multiple transcripts for all three DOs are expressed within the mouse hippocampus, under the control of distinct regulatory pathways. These data identify a previously unrecognized interaction between corticosteroid receptor activation and inflammatory signals on DO gene expression, which suggest that corticosteroids act to differentially enhance gene expression of Ido1, Ido2, and Tdo2.
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Udina M, Navinés R, Egmond E, Oriolo G, Langohr K, Gimenez D, Valdés M, Gómez-Gil E, Grande I, Gratacós M, Kapczinski F, Artigas F, Vieta E, Solà R, Martín-Santos R. Glucocorticoid Receptors, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Serotonin and Dopamine Neurotransmission are Associated with Interferon-Induced Depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyv135. [PMID: 26721949 PMCID: PMC4851270 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of inflammation in mood disorders has received increased attention. There is substantial evidence that cytokine therapies, such as interferon alpha (IFN-alpha), can induce depressive symptoms. Indeed, proinflammatory cytokines change brain function in several ways, such as altering neurotransmitters, the glucocorticoid axis, and apoptotic mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the impact on mood of initiating IFN-alpha and ribavirin treatment in a cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis C. We investigated clinical, personality, and functional genetic variants associated with cytokine-induced depression. METHODS We recruited 344 Caucasian outpatients with chronic hepatitis C, initiating IFN-alpha and ribavirin therapy. All patients were euthymic at baseline according to DSM-IV-R criteria. Patients were assessed at baseline and 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after treatment initiation using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We genotyped several functional polymorphisms of interleukin-28 (IL28B), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), serotonin receptor-1A (HTR1A), catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), glucocorticoid receptors (GCR1 and GCR2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) genes. A survival analysis was performed, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for the multivariate analysis. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of depression was 0.35 at week 24 and 0.46 at week 48. The genotypic distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Older age (p = 0.018, hazard ratio [HR] per 5 years = 1.21), presence of depression history (p = 0.0001, HR = 2.38), and subthreshold depressive symptoms at baseline (p = 0.005, HR = 1.13) increased the risk of IFN-induced depression. So too did TCI personality traits, with high scores on fatigability (p = 0.0037, HR = 1.17), impulsiveness (p = 0.0200 HR = 1.14), disorderliness (p = 0.0339, HR = 1.11), and low scores on extravagance (p = 0.0040, HR = 0.85). An interaction between HTR1A and COMT genes was found. Patients carrying the G allele of HTR1A plus the Met substitution of the COMT polymorphism had a greater risk for depression during antiviral treatment (HR = 3.83) than patients with the CC (HTR1A) and Met allele (COMT) genotypes. Patients carrying the HTR1A CC genotype and the COMT Val/Val genotype (HR = 3.25) had a higher risk of depression than patients with the G allele (HTR1A) and the Val/Val genotype. Moreover, functional variants of the GCR1 (GG genotype: p = 0.0436, HR = 1.88) and BDNF genes (Val/Val genotype: p = 0.0453, HR = 0.55) were associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study support the theory that IFN-induced depression is associated with a complex pathophysiological background, including serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission as well as glucocorticoid and neurotrophic factors. These findings may help to improve the management of patients on antiviral treatment and broaden our understanding of the pathogenesis of mood disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Catechol O-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Depression/chemically induced
- Depression/epidemiology
- Depression/genetics
- Depression/immunology
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/psychology
- Humans
- Incidence
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Interferon-alpha/adverse effects
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Interferons
- Interleukins/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Prospective Studies
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Ribavirin/therapeutic use
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/genetics
- Treatment Outcome
- White People/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M Udina
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - R Navinés
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - E Egmond
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - G Oriolo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - K Langohr
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - D Gimenez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - M Valdés
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - E Gómez-Gil
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - I Grande
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - M Gratacós
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - F Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - F Artigas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - E Vieta
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - R Solà
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
| | - R Martín-Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain (Drs Udina, Navinés, Egmond, Oriolo, Valdés, Gómez-Gil, Grande, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Grande, Artigas, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Oriolo, Valdés, Vieta, and Martín-Santos); Liver Section, Parc de Salut Mar, UAB, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Navinés, Gimenez, and Solà); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain (Egmond); Departament d'Estadística, Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Research programme in Neurosciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (Dr Langohr); Center of Genomic Regulation, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gratacós); National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Dr Kapczinski); Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Spain (Dr Artigas)
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Luo X, Stavrakakis N, Penninx BW, Bosker FJ, Nolen WA, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJ, Smit JH, Snieder H, Nolte IM, Hartman CA. Does refining the phenotype improve replication rates? A review and replication of candidate gene studies on Major Depressive Disorder and Chronic Major Depressive Disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:215-36. [PMID: 26566975 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Replication has been poor for previously reported candidate genes involved in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). One possible reason is phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The present study replicated genetic associations with MDD as defined in DSM-IV and with a more narrowly defined MDD subtype with a chronic and severe course. We first conducted a systematic review of genetic association studies on MDD published between September 2007 and June 2012 to identify all reported candidate genes. Genetic associations were then tested for all identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the entire genes using data from the GAIN genome-wide association study (MDD: n = 1,352; chronic MDD subsample: n = 225; controls: n = 1,649). The 1,000 Genomes database was used as reference for imputation. From 157 studies identified inthe literature, 81 studies reported significant associations with MDD, involving 245 polymorphisms in 97 candidate genes, from which we were able to investigate 185 SNPs in 89 genes. We replicated nine candidate SNPs in eight genes for MDD and six in five genes for chronic MDD. However, these were not more than expected by chance. At gene level, we replicated 18 genes for MDD and 17 genes for chronic MDD, both significantly more than expected by chance. We showed that replication rates were improved for MDD compared to a previous, highly similar, replication study based on studies published before 2007. Effect sizes of the SNPs and replication rates of the candidate genes were improved in the chronic subsample compared to the full sample. Nonetheless, replication rates were still poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Luo
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Stavrakakis
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fokko J Bosker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Nolen
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan H Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sasaki A, Sato N, Suzuki N, Kano M, Tanaka Y, Kanazawa M, Aoki M, Fukudo S. Associations between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Related Genes and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149322. [PMID: 26882083 PMCID: PMC4755592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder with distinct features of stress-related pathophysiology. A key mediator of the stress response is corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Although some candidate genes have been identified in stress-related disorders, few studies have examined CRH-related gene polymorphisms. Therefore, we tested our hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CRH-related genes influence the features of IBS. METHODS In total, 253 individuals (123 men and 130 women) participated in this study. They comprised 111 IBS individuals and 142 healthy controls. The SNP genotypes in CRH (rs28364015 and rs6472258) and CRH-binding protein (CRH-BP) (rs10474485) were determined by direct sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The emotional states of the subjects were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, and the Self-rating Depression Scale. RESULTS Direct sequencing of the rs28364015 SNP of CRH revealed no genetic variation among the study subjects. There was no difference in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of rs6472258 and rs10474485 between IBS individuals and controls. However, IBS subjects with diarrhea symptoms without the rs10474485 A allele showed a significantly higher emotional state score than carriers. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the CRH and CRH-BP genes have no direct effect on IBS status. However, the CRH-BP SNP rs10474485 has some effect on IBS-related emotional abnormalities and resistance to psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Sasaki
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoko Sato
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiko Kano
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukari Tanaka
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoyori Kanazawa
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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35
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Belvederi Murri M, Prestia D, Mondelli V, Pariante C, Patti S, Olivieri B, Arzani C, Masotti M, Respino M, Antonioli M, Vassallo L, Serafini G, Perna G, Pompili M, Amore M. The HPA axis in bipolar disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 63:327-42. [PMID: 26547798 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the available evidence on the role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder (BD). METHODS Meta-analysis and meta-regression of case-control studies examining the levels of cortisol, ACTH, CRH levels. Systematic review of stress reactivity, genetic, molecular and neuroimaging studies related to HPA axis activity in BD. RESULTS Forty-one studies were included in the meta-analyses. BD was associated with significantly increased levels of cortisol (basal and post-dexamethasone) and ACTH, but not of CRH. In the meta-regression, case-control differences in cortisol levels were positively associated with the manic phase (p=0.005) and participants' age (p=0.08), and negatively with antipsychotics use (p=0.001). Reviewed studies suggest that BD is associated with abnormalities of stress-related molecular pathways in several brain areas. Variants of HPA axis-related genes seem not associated with a direct risk of developing BD, but with different clinical presentations. Also, studies on unaffected relatives suggest that HPA axis dysregulation is not an endophenotype of BD, but seems related to environmental risk factors, such as childhood trauma. Progressive HPA axis dysfunction is a putative mechanism that might underlie the clinical and cognitive deterioration of patients with BD. CONCLUSIONS BD is associated with dysfunction of HPA axis activity, with important pathophysiological implications. Targeting HPA axis dysfunctions might be a novel strategy to improve the outcomes of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Belvederi Murri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Davide Prestia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine Pariante
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Patti
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Olivieri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Costanza Arzani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Mattia Masotti
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Respino
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Antonioli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Linda Vassallo
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- San Benedetto Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Albese con Cassano, Como, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Suicide Prevention Center, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
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Walther A, Rice T, Kufert Y, Ehlert U. Neuroendocrinology of a Male-Specific Pattern for Depression Linked to Alcohol Use Disorder and Suicidal Behavior. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:206. [PMID: 28096796 PMCID: PMC5206577 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show low rates of diagnosed depression in men compared to women. At the same time, high rates of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and completed suicide are found among men. These data suggest that a male-specific pattern for depression may exist that is linked to AUDs and suicidal behavior. To date, no underlying neuroendocrine model for this specific pattern of male depression has been suggested. In this paper, we integrate findings related to this specific pattern of depression with underlying steroid secretion patterns, polymorphisms, and methylation profiles of key genes in order to detail an original neuroendocrine model of male-specific depression. Low circulating levels of sex steroids seem to increase the vulnerability for male depression, while concomitant high levels of glucocorticoids further intensify this vulnerability. Interactions of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis-related hormones seem to be highly relevant for a male-specific pattern of depression linked to AUDs and suicidal behavior. Moreover, genetic variants and the epigenetic profiles of the androgen receptor gene, well-known depression related genes, and HPA axis-related genes were shown to further interact with men's steroid secretion and thus may further contribute to the proposed male-specific pattern for depression. This mini-review points out the multilevel interactions between the HPG and HPA axis for a male-specific pattern of depression linked to AUDs and suicidal behavior. An integration of multilevel interactions within the three-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walther
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Timothy Rice
- Department of Psychiatry - Child and Adolescent Inpatient Service, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Yael Kufert
- Department of Psychiatry - Child and Adolescent Inpatient Service, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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Bortoluzzi A, Blaya C, Rosa EDD, Paim M, Rosa V, Leistner-Segal S, Manfro GG. What can HPA axis-linked genes tell us about anxiety disorders in adolescents? TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2015; 37:232-7. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Anxiety disorders (AD) share features of both anxiety and fear linked to stress response. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is considered the core biological pathway of the stress system and it is known that an inappropriate response to environmental stimuli may be related to individual genetic vulnerability in HPA-linked genes. Despite the biological plausibility of a relationship between the HPA axis and AD, few studies have investigated associations between genetic polymorphisms linked to the HPA axis and this complex disorder. Objective: To investigate whether AD are associated with genetic polymorphisms in HPA-linked genes in adolescents. Methods: Our study consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation of a community sample comprising a total of 228 adolescents (131 cases of AD). We extracted DNA from saliva and genotyped polymorphisms in HPA-linked genes (FKBP5: rs3800373, rs9296158, rs1360780, rs9470080 and rs4713916; NR3C1: rs6198; CRHR1: rs878886; and SERPINA6: rs746530) with real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The instruments used to diagnose and assess the severity of AD were the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) and the Screen for Child and Anxiety related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Results: We failed to detect any associations between AD and genetic polymorphisms in HPA-linked genes (p > 0.05). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating these specific polymorphisms in relation to AD in adolescents, which encourages us to design further research on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Blaya
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Paim
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Rosa
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Tan EC, Chua TE, Lee TMY, Tan HS, Ting JLY, Chen HY. Case-control study of glucocorticoid receptor and corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor gene variants and risk of perinatal depression. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:283. [PMID: 26518448 PMCID: PMC4628323 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression during pregnancy or after childbirth is the most frequent perinatal illness affecting women of reproductive age. It could result in unfavourable outcomes for both women and their newborns. The incidence of perinatal depression is higher for those with family history of depression and other mental illness, suggesting the contribution of genetic factors. There is postulation that disruption or fluctuation of reproductive hormones could play a part in women who are sensitive to such changes. Methods This is a case-control study comparing the frequencies of candidate gene variants in patients with perinatal depression with controls. Patients of Chinese descent (N = 725) were recruited from the outpatient clinics of the hospital between 2010 and 2013. Controls were patients who came for postnatal consultations at the obstetrics clinics and scored ≤ 7 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at the postnatal screening programme of the hospital. Cases with confirmed diagnosis of clinical (major) depression related to pregnancy/postpartum were recruited from the hospital’s outpatient clinic. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples and genotyped for the polymorphisms of interest. Differences between groups were assessed by chi-square analysis. Results CRHR1 rs242939 and rs1876828 were not polymorphic in the study population. There was no statistically significant association of perinatal depression for CRHR1 rs242941 and GR rs41423247 (BclI). When all subjects were grouped based on family history of mental illness, there was a statistically significant association of CRHR1 rs242941 with family history regardless of depression status (P = 0.043). There was also a statistically significant difference for GR rs41423247 and regularity of menstrual periods (P < 0.000). Although not statistically significant, women with perinatal depression showed a trend towards higher frequency of self-reported menstrual irregularity. Conclusions No evidence was found for the association of any of the genetic markers with perinatal depression in this study cohort. Instead, the possible genetic links were found in women with positive family history of mental illness and menstrual irregularity, suggesting these could be identifying risk markers for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ene-Choo Tan
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore. .,Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Tze-Ern Chua
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Theresa M Y Lee
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Hui-San Tan
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Joe L Y Ting
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Helen Y Chen
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
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Corticosteroid receptor genes and childhood neglect influence susceptibility to crack/cocaine addiction and response to detoxification treatment. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 68:83-90. [PMID: 26228405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze hypotheses-driven gene-environment and gene-gene interactions in smoked (crack) cocaine addiction by evaluating childhood neglect and polymorphisms in mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor genes (NR3C2 and NR3C1, respectively). One hundred thirty-nine crack/cocaine-addicted women who completed 3 weeks of follow-up during early abstinence composed our sample. Childhood adversities were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and withdrawal symptoms were assessed using the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA) scale. Conditional logistic regression with counterfactuals and generalized estimating equation modeling were used to test gene-environment and gene-gene interactions. We found an interaction between the rs5522-Val allele and childhood physical neglect, which altered the risk of crack/cocaine addiction (Odds ratio = 4.0, P = 0.001). Moreover, a NR3C2-NR3C1 interaction (P = 0.002) was found modulating the severity of crack/cocaine withdrawal symptoms. In the post hoc analysis, concomitant carriers of the NR3C2 rs5522-Val and NR3C1 rs6198-G alleles showed lower overall severity scores when compared to other genotype groups (P-values ≤ 0.035). This gene-environment interaction is consistent with epidemiological and human experimental findings demonstrating a strong relationship between early life stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation in cocaine addiction. Additionally, this study extended in crack/cocaine addiction the findings previously reported for tobacco smoking involving an interaction between NR3C2 and NR3C1 genes.
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Hsu YC, Hsu CC, Chang KH, Lee CY, Chong LW, Wang YC, Kao CH. Increased Subsequent Risk of Peptic Ulcer Diseases in Patients With Bipolar Disorders. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1203. [PMID: 26200637 PMCID: PMC4602988 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that patients with bipolar disorders (BDs) exhibit increased physical comorbidity and psychological distress. Studies have shown that schizophrenia and anxiety increase the risk of peptic ulcer diseases (PUDs). Therefore, we conducted this study to determine the association between these 2 diseases and examine the possible risk factors. We used patients diagnosed with BDs from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A comparison cohort comprising patients without BDs was frequency matched by age, sex, and comorbidities, and the occurrence of PUDs was evaluated in both the cohorts. The BD and non-BD cohort consisted of 21,060 patients with BDs and 84,240 frequency-matched patients without BDs, respectively. The incidence of PUDs (hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-1.59; P < 0.001) was higher among the patients with BDs than the control patients. Cox models showed that irrespective of comorbidities, BDs were an independent risk factor for PUDs. Patients with BDs exhibit a substantially higher risk for developing PUDs. According to our data, we suggest that, following a diagnosis of BD, practitioners could notice the occurrence of PUD and associated prevention. Further prospective clinical studies investigating the relationship between BDs and PUDs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hsu
- From the Department of Psychiatry (C-CH), Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (Y-CH), Mackay Medical College, Taipei; Department of Medical Research (K-HC), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung; School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate (C-YL), I-Shou University, Kaohsiung; Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology (L-WC), Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Management Office for Health Data (Y-CW), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung; College of Medicine (Y-CW), China Medical University, Taichung; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center (C-HK), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine (C-HK), College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hardeveld F, Spijker J, Peyrot WJ, de Graaf R, Hendriks SM, Nolen WA, Penninx BWJH, Beekman ATF. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor polymorphisms and recurrence of major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 55:154-63. [PMID: 25765757 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research found that variants of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) (9β, ER22/23EK, BclI, TthIIIl, NR3C1-1 and N363S) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) gene polymorphism (-2 C/G and I180V) are associated with both glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity and major depressive disorder (MDD). There are no data which investigated prospectively whether these variants are associated with recurrence of MDD. METHODS Data were derived from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) which used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to determine MDD. Polymorphisms in the GR and MR gene were determined and haplotypes were characterized. We analyzed in retrospect whether recurrent MDD (n=951) in comparison with first onset MDD (n=919) was associated with polymorphisms in the GR and MR gene. Furthermore, we analyzed prospectively for 4 years the time to recurrence among 683 subjects with a remitted MDD diagnosis. Time to recurrence of MDD was assessed using the CIDI and a life chart interview. Additionally, we analyzed interactions of the investigated polymorphisms with childhood trauma and recent negative life events. RESULTS GR and MR gene polymorphisms and derived haplotypes were not associated with recurrence of depression in both retrospective and prospective analyses. In addition, no consistent interactions between GR and MR polymorphisms and childhood trauma or life events were found. CONCLUSION This study did not find consistent associations between GR and MR gene polymorphisms, interactions between GR and MR haplotypes and stressful conditions and recurrence of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hardeveld
- Pro Persona, Institute for Mental Health Care, PO Box 70, 6710 RR Ede, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Spijker
- Pro Persona, Institute for Mental Health Care, PO Box 70, 6710 RR Ede, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, PO Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands; Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J Peyrot
- Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research/Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron de Graaf
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, PO Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne M Hendriks
- Pro Persona, Institute for Mental Health Care, PO Box 70, 6710 RR Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Nolen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research/Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aartjan T F Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research/Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jani BD, McLean G, Nicholl BI, Barry SJE, Sattar N, Mair FS, Cavanagh J. Risk assessment and predicting outcomes in patients with depressive symptoms: a review of potential role of peripheral blood based biomarkers. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:18. [PMID: 25698954 PMCID: PMC4313702 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the major global health challenges and a leading contributor of health related disability and costs. Depression is a heterogeneous disorder and current methods for assessing its severity in clinical practice rely on symptom count, however this approach is unreliable and inconsistent. The clinical evaluation of depressive symptoms is particularly challenging in primary care, where the majority of patients with depression are managed, due to the presence of co-morbidities. Current methods for risk assessment of depression do not accurately predict treatment response or clinical outcomes. Several biological pathways have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression; however, accurate and predictive biomarkers remain elusive. We conducted a systematic review of the published evidence supporting the use of peripheral biomarkers to predict outcomes in depression, using Medline and Embase. Peripheral biomarkers in depression were found to be statistically significant predictors of mental health outcomes such as treatment response, poor outcome and symptom remission; and physical health outcomes such as increased incidence of cardiovascular events and deaths, and all-cause mortality. However, the available evidence has multiple methodological limitations which must be overcome to make any real clinical progress. Despite extensive research on the relationship of depression with peripheral biomarkers, its translational application in practice remains uncertain. In future, peripheral biomarkers identified with novel techniques and combining multiple biomarkers may have a potential role in depression risk assessment but further research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhautesh D Jani
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Gary McLean
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Barbara I Nicholl
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Sarah J E Barry
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Well Being, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Frances S Mair
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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Koper JW, van Rossum EFC, van den Akker ELT. Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms and haplotypes and their expression in health and disease. Steroids 2014; 92:62-73. [PMID: 25150015 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is involved in many physiological processes, including immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, and therefore cortisol and its synthetic analogs are widely used to treat a large number of diseases. In glucocorticoid treatment, a large variability of clinical responses is observed. This variability may, in part, be ascribed to genetic variation in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene. In this review we present a catalogue of the various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the glucocorticoid receptor gene and their consequences for human health and disease. Many different GR SNP association studies have been described. However, most studies come down to only a few SNPs reported with different annotations. In this review we clarified these different annotations to uniform names. Most associations between GR SNPs and phenotype have been found in body composition, metabolism, the cardiovascular system, the immune system and psychiatric illnesses. However, many associations have not been replicated (yet), and future replication studies and meta-analyses are needed. There is a substantial body of evidence for GR SNPs to have effects on clinical phenotype. However, as most SNP frequencies are low and their variation is within the range of the general population, the impact of a single SNP for health and disease in the general population is probably modest. However, in-depth studying of the molecular mechanisms of repeatedly observed clinical associations could lead to new possibilities for drug development. In particular the development of selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators holds promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Koper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erica L T van den Akker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Applications of blood-based protein biomarker strategies in the study of psychiatric disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 122:45-72. [PMID: 25173695 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depressive and bipolar disorders are severe, chronic and debilitating, and are associated with high disease burden and healthcare costs. Currently, diagnoses of these disorders rely on interview-based assessments of subjective self-reported symptoms. Early diagnosis is difficult, misdiagnosis is a frequent occurrence and there are no objective tests that aid in the prediction of individual responses to treatment. Consequently, validated biomarkers are urgently needed to help address these unmet clinical needs. Historically, psychiatric disorders are viewed as brain disorders and consequently only a few researchers have as yet evaluated systemic changes in psychiatric patients. However, promising research has begun to challenge this concept and there is an increasing awareness that disease-related changes can be traced in the peripheral system which may even be involved in the precipitation of disease onset and course. Converging evidence from molecular profiling analysis of blood serum/plasma have revealed robust molecular changes in psychiatric patients, suggesting that these disorders may be detectable in other systems of the body such as the circulating blood. In this review, we discuss the current clinical needs in psychiatry, highlight the importance of biomarkers in the field, and review a representative selection of biomarker studies to highlight opportunities for the implementation of personalized medicine approaches in the field of psychiatry. It is anticipated that the implementation of validated biomarker tests will not only improve the diagnosis and more effective treatment of psychiatric patients, but also improve prognosis and disease outcome.
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Szczepankiewicz A, Leszczyńska-Rodziewicz A, Pawlak J, Narozna B, Rajewska-Rager A, Wilkosc M, Zaremba D, Maciukiewicz M, Twarowska-Hauser J. FKBP5 polymorphism is associated with major depression but not with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2014; 164:33-7. [PMID: 24856550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered activity of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal glands (HPA) axis in response to stress underlies the pathogenesis of mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. Chaperone proteins regulate sensitivity of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to steroids. We hypothesized that genetic variants within the FKBP5 - gene encoding co-chaperone protein essential in GR signaling - may influence the susceptibility to major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. METHODS In the study participated 528 bipolar patients, 218 patients with major depressive disorder and 742 subjects from control group. Genotypes for eight FKBP5 polymorphisms (rs1360780, rs755658, rs9470080, rs4713916, rs7748266, rs9296158, rs9394309, rs3800373) were established by TagMan SNP Genotyping Assays (Applied Biosystems). Linkage disequilibrium analysis for FKBP5 gene was done in Haploview. Gene-gene interactions between FKBP5 and NR3C1 polymorphisms (reported previously) were analyzed using the multidimensionality-reduction method (MDR). RESULTS We have observed an association between five FKBP5 polymorphisms (rs1360780, rs9470080, rs4713916, rs9296158 and rs9394309) and major depressive disorder (p=0.011; p=0.007, p=0.038; p=0.030; p=0.018, respectively), but not bipolar disorder. In linkage disequilibrium analysis we found that seven FKBP5 polymorphisms build haplotype block (rs3800373, rs755658, rs9296158, rs7748266, rs1360780, rs9394309, rs9470080, respectively). We observed that two haplotype combinations (ACATTGT and CCACTAT) were significantly more frequent in the MDD patients than in controls (p=0.014 and p=0.043). We have not observed such an association for BD patients. We have found that interaction between rs9470080 of FKBP5 and rs6198 of NR3C1 influences MDD risk. LIMITATIONS The main limitations of this study include low power and limited sample size of MDD patients. CONCLUSIONS Single markers and haplotypes of FKBP5 gene and the interaction with glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) may influence MDD predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry; Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pulmonology, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Leszczyńska-Rodziewicz
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry; Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry; Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Narozna
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry; Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Monika Wilkosc
- Department of Individual Differences Psychology, Psychology Institute, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota Zaremba
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry; Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Maciukiewicz
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry; Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Twarowska-Hauser
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry; Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Gragnoli C. Hypothesis of the neuroendocrine cortisol pathway gene role in the comorbidity of depression, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2014; 7:43-53. [PMID: 24817815 PMCID: PMC4012344 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s39993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are often comorbid. Depression per se increases the risk for T2D by 60%. This risk is not accounted for by the use of antidepressant therapy. Stress causes hyperactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, by triggering the hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release the adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), which causes the adrenal secretion of cortisol. Depression is associated with an increased level of cortisol, and CRH and ACTH at inappropriately “normal” levels, that is too high compared to their expected lower levels due to cortisol negative feedback. T2D and MetS are also associated with hypercortisolism. High levels of cortisol can impair mood as well as cause hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and other traits typical of T2D and MetS. We hypothesize that HPA axis hyperactivation may be due to variants in the genes of the CRH receptors (CRHR1, CRHR2), corticotropin receptors (or melanocortin receptors, MC1R-MC5R), glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2), and of the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5), and that these variants may be partially responsible for the clinical association of depression, T2D and MetS. In this review, we will focus on the correlation of stress, HPA axis hyperactivation, and the possible genetic role of the CRHR1, CRHR2, MCR1–5, NR3C1, and NR3C2 receptors and FKBP5 in the susceptibility to the comorbidity of depression, T2D, and MetS. New studies are needed to confirm the hypothesized role of these genes in the clinical association of depression, T2D, and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gragnoli
- Center for Biotechnology and Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy
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Lee RS, Sawa A. Environmental stressors and epigenetic control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Neuroendocrinology 2014; 100:278-87. [PMID: 25427939 PMCID: PMC4428760 DOI: 10.1159/000369585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we provide a brief summary of several key studies that broaden our understanding of stress and its epigenetic control of the function and behavior of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Clinical and animal studies suggest a link among exposure to stress, dysregulation of the HPA axis, and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric illnesses. Recent studies have supported the notion that exposure to glucocorticoids and stress in various forms, durations, and intensities during different periods of development leads to long-lasting maladaptive HPA axis response in the brain. They demonstrate that this maladaptive response is comprised of persistent epigenetic changes in the function of HPA axis-associated genes that govern homeostatic levels of glucocorticoids. Stressors and/or disruption of glucocorticoid dynamics also target genes such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) that are important for neuronal function and behavior. While a definitive role for epigenetic mechanisms remains unclear, these emerging studies implicate glucocorticoid signaling and its ability to alter the epigenetic landscape as one of the key mechanisms that alter the function of the HPA axis and its associated cascades. We also suggest some of the requisite studies and techniques that are important, such as additional candidate gene approaches, genome-wide epigenomic screens, and innovative functional and behavioral studies, in order to further explore and define the relationship between epigenetics and HPA axis biology. Additional studies examining stress-induced epigenetic changes of HPA axis genes, aided by innovative techniques and methodologies, are needed to advance our understanding of this relationship and lead to better preventive, diagnostic, and corrective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
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Association, haplotype, and gene-gene interactions of the HPA axis genes with suicidal behaviour in affective disorders. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:207361. [PMID: 24379738 PMCID: PMC3863451 DOI: 10.1155/2013/207361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Family twin and adoption studies have noted the heritability of specific biological factors that influence suicidal behaviour.
Exposure to stress is one of the factors that strongly contribute to suicide attempts. The biological response
to stress involves the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). Therefore, we found it interesting to study polymorphisms of
genes involved in the HPA axis (CRHR1, NR3C1, and AVPBR1). The study was performed on
597 patients, 225 of whom had a history of suicide attempts. We did not observe any significant differences in the studied
polymorphisms between the group of patients with a history of suicide attempts and the control subjects. Our haplotype analysis
of the AVPR1b gene revealed an association between the GCA haplotype and suicide attempts; however,
this association was not significant after correcting for multiple testing. We did not observe any other association in haplotype
and MDR analysis. We report here a comprehensive analysis of the HPA axis genes and a lack of association for genetic
variations regarding the risk of suicide attempts in affective disorder patients. Nonetheless, the inconsistencies with the previously
published results indicate the importance of the further investigation of these polymorphisms with respect to the risk of suicide attempts.
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Leszczyńska-Rodziewicz A, Maciukiewicz M, Szczepankiewicz A, Pogłodziński A, Hauser J. Association between OPCRIT dimensions and polymorphisms of HPA axis genes in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:744-747. [PMID: 24012103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the possible association between polymorphisms of HPA axis genes-CRHR1 (corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor), NR3C1 (glucocorticoid receptor) and AVPR1B (arginine vasopressin receptor) and dimensions of bipolar disorder assessed by OPCRIT. We examined 560 patients with diagnosis of bipolar disorder (n=457) and unipolar disorder (n=103). Diagnosis was established by SCID and OPCRIT. We found association between polymorphisms of AVPR1b gene and psychotic dimension and CRHR1 polymorphisms and excitement and psychotic dimension. Our results suggest possible involvement of the AVPR1b and CRHR1 genes in the ethiology of psychotic features in the course of affective disorders, and possible involvement of CRHR1 gene in the ethiology of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leszczyńska-Rodziewicz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Maciukiewicz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pulmonology, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pogłodziński
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
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Lee HJ, Son GH, Geum D. Circadian rhythm hypotheses of mixed features, antidepressant treatment resistance, and manic switching in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2013; 10:225-32. [PMID: 24302944 PMCID: PMC3843013 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2013.10.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous hypotheses have been put forth over the years to explain the development of bipolar disorder. Of these, circadian rhythm hypotheses have gained much importance of late. While the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivation hypothesis and the monoamine hypothesis somewhat explain the pathogenic mechanism of depression, they do not provide an explanation for the development of mania/hypomania. Interestingly, all patients with bipolar disorder display significant disruption of circadian rhythms and sleep/wake cycles throughout their mood cycles. Indeed, mice carrying the Clock gene mutation exhibit an overall behavioral profile that is similar to human mania, including hyperactivity, decreased sleep, lowered depression-like behavior, and lower anxiety. It was recently reported that monoamine signaling is in fact regulated by the circadian system. Thus, circadian rhythm instability, imposed on the dysregulation of HPA axis and monoamine system, may in turn increase individual susceptibility for switching from depression to mania/hypomania. In addition to addressing the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the manic switch, circadian rhythm hypotheses can explain other bipolar disorder-related phenomena such as treatment resistant depression and mixed features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Son
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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