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Cheung MC, Sze SL, Chan AS. Chanwuyi Lifestyle Medicine Program Improves Memory and Executive Functions of Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2024; 39:15333175241255744. [PMID: 38764310 PMCID: PMC11104026 DOI: 10.1177/15333175241255744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The Chanwuyi Lifestyle Medicine Program (CLMP) was found to enhance the memory and executive functions of older adults with or without subjective memory complaints. The present study investigated whether similar beneficial effects can be extended to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Twenty-four older adults with MCI were randomly assigned to receive the CLMP (the experimental group) or strategic memory training (SMT; the active control group) for 10 weeks. They were assessed by neuropsychological tests at baseline and post-intervention. Older adults showed similar visual and verbal memory improvements after receiving the CLMP and SMT. Yet, only those who received the CLMP showed distinct improvements in planning/organization, working memory, and attention in terms of accuracy, with greater cognitive gains associated with older age and lower levels of education and baseline cognitive functions. This study provides preliminary evidence for the effects of the CLMP on improving memory, attention, and executive functions in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Cheung
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophia L. Sze
- Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Agnes S. Chan
- Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Martínez-Calderon J, Casuso-Holgado MJ, Muñoz-Fernandez MJ, Garcia-Muñoz C, Heredia-Rizo AM. Yoga-based interventions may reduce anxiety symptoms in anxiety disorders and depression symptoms in depressive disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1442-1449. [PMID: 37369553 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise the effect of mind-body exercises on anxiety and depression symptoms in adults with anxiety or depressive disorders. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. DATA SOURCES Five electronic databases were searched from inception to July 2022. Manual searches were conducted to explore clinical trial protocols, secondary analyses of clinical trials and related systematic reviews. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised clinical trials evaluating qigong, tai chi or yoga styles with anxiety or depression symptoms as the outcomes were included. No intervention, waitlist or active controls were considered as control groups. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were assessed. Meta-analyses, meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS 23 studies, comprising 22 different samples (n=1420), were included. Overall, meta-analyses showed yoga interventions were superior to controls in reducing anxiety symptoms in anxiety disorders. Furthermore, yoga-based interventions decreased depression symptoms in depressive disorders after conducting sensitivity analyses. No differences between groups were found in the rest of the comparisons. However, the certainty of the evidence was judged as very low for all outcomes due to concerns of high risk of bias, indirectness of the evidence, inconsistency and imprecision of the results. In addition, there was marked heterogeneity among yoga-based interventions and self-reported tools used to evaluate the outcomes of interest. CONCLUSION Although yoga-based interventions may help to improve mental health in adults diagnosed with anxiety or depressive disorders, methodological improvements are needed to advance the quality of clinical trials in this field. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022347673.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Calderon
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Jesús Casuso-Holgado
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Muñoz-Fernandez
- Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School Francisco Maldonado, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcia-Muñoz
- Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, Sevilla, Spain
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Han YMY, Chan MMY, Choi CXT, Law MCH, Ahorsu DK, Tsang HWH. The neurobiological effects of mind-body exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10948. [PMID: 37415072 PMCID: PMC10326064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological effects of mind-body exercise on brain activation, functional neural connections and structural changes in the brain remain elusive. This systematic review and coordinate-based meta-analysis investigated the changes in resting-state and task-based brain activation, as well as structural brain changes before and after mind-body exercise compared to waitlist or active controls based on published structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging randomized controlled trials or cross-sectional studies. Electronic database search and manual search in relevant publications yielded 34 empirical studies with low-to-moderate risk of bias (assessed by Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials or Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies) that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 26 studies included in the narrative synthesis and 8 studies included in the meta-analysis. Coordinate-based meta-analysis showed that, while mind-body exercise enhanced the activation of the left anterior cingulate cortex within the default mode network (DMN), it induced more deactivation in the left supramarginal gyrus within the ventral attention network (uncorrected ps < 0.05). Meta-regression with duration of mind-body practice as a factor showed that, the activation of right inferior parietal gyrus within the DMN showed a positive association with increasing years of practice (voxel-corrected p < 0.005). Although mind-body exercise is shown to selectively modulate brain functional networks supporting attentional control and self-awareness, the overall certainty of evidence is limited by small number of studies. Further investigations are needed to understand the effects of both short-term and long-term mind-body exercise on structural changes in the brain.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021248984.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M Y Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Melody M Y Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Coco X T Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maxwell C H Law
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hector W H Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Li S, Xi Z, Barnett P, Saunders R, Shafran R, Pilling S. Efficacy of culturally adapted interventions for common mental disorders in people of Chinese descent: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:426-440. [PMID: 37208113 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that culturally adapted psychological interventions have some benefits in treating diverse ethnic groups. However, the effect of such cultural adaptions specifically in Chinese ethnic groups has not been thoroughly reviewed. We aimed to systematically assess the evidence for the efficacy of different cultural adaptations in treating common mental disorders in people of Chinese descent (ie, ethnic Chinese populations). METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CNKI, and WANFANG to identify randomised controlled trials published in English and Chinese from database inception to March 10, 2023. We included trials of culturally adapted psychological interventions in people of Chinese descent (with at least 80% of Han Chinese descent) aged 15 years or older with a diagnosis or subthreshold symptoms of common mental disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. We excluded studies that included participants with severe mental disorders (eg, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), neurodevelopmental disorders, or dementia. Study selection and data extraction were done by two independent reviewers, who extracted data for study characteristics, cultural adaptations, and summary efficacy. The primary outcome was post-intervention change in symptoms (both self-reported and clinician-rated). We used random-effects models to calculate standardised mean differences. Quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021239607). FINDINGS We identified 32 791 records, 67 of which were included in our meta-analysis (60 done in mainland China, four in Hong Kong, and one each in Taiwan, Australia, and the USA). We included 6199 participants (mean age 39·32 years [range 16-84]), of whom 2605 (42%) were male and 3247 (52%) were female. Culturally adapted interventions had medium effect sizes in terms of reducing both self-reported (Hedges' g 0·77 [95% CI 0·61-0·94]; I2 84%) and clinician-rated (0·75 [0·54-0·96]; 86%) symptom severity across all disorders at end of treatment, irrespective of adaptation types. We noted no difference in efficacy between culturally modified interventions and culturally specific interventions. Subgroup analyses showed considerable heterogeneity. Inadequate reporting in included studies largely restricted risk-of-bias appraisals across all domains. INTERPRETATION Psychological interventions can be transported across cultures with appropriate modifications. Adaptations to interventions can be made by modifying evidence-based interventions, or in culturally specific ways that are rooted in the sociocultural context. However, findings are limited by the insufficient reporting of interventions and cultural adaptations. FUNDING None. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Li
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Zhenyang Xi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Phoebe Barnett
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rob Saunders
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roz Shafran
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Pilling
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK; National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Khazaie H, Norouzi E, Rezaie L, Safari-Faramani R. Effect of physical activity on sleep quality in patients with major depression disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nagata R, Forry S, Lannigan EG. Occupational Therapy Interventions for College Students With Learning Differences. Am J Occup Ther 2022; 76:23984. [PMID: 36622933 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2022.050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence Connection articles provide a clinical application of systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association's (AOTA's) Evidence-Based Practice Program and illustrate how the research evidence from the reviews can be used to inform and guide clinical decision-making. Each article in this series summarizes evidence from published reviews on a given topic and presents the application of evidence to a related clinical case. In this Evidence Connection article, we describe a case report of a college-age student receiving supported education services and outline the occupational therapy evaluation and intervention that enhanced her academic engagement as well as her health and wellness. The findings from the systematic reviews on this topic were published in the September/October 2018 issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy and in AOTA's Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Adults Living With Serious Mental Illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashelle Nagata
- Rashelle Nagata, OTD, OTR/L, was Learning Specialist, Kortschak Center for Learning and Creativity, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, at the time this article was written
| | - Savanna Forry
- Savanna Forry, OTD, OTR/L, was Doctoral Resident, Kortschak Center for Learning and Creativity, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, at the time this article was written
| | - Elizabeth Griffin Lannigan
- Elizabeth Griffin Lannigan, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Affiliate Faculty Member, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of New Hampshire, Durham;
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Yang J, Du Y, Shen H, Ren S, Liu Z, Zheng D, Shi Q, Li Y, Wei GX. Mindfulness-Based Movement Intervention to Improve Sleep Quality: A Meta-Analysis and Moderator Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10284. [PMID: 36011918 PMCID: PMC9408303 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Given that the most effective dose, optimal type, and most beneficial population for improving sleep with mindfulness-based movement (MBM) remains unknown, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with moderator analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess these effects. (2) Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO) were systematically searched for RCTs published through August 2021 for analysis. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed with Review Manager 5.3, and the meta-analysis was performed in Stata 16.0. (3) Results: A meta-analysis of 61 RCTs with 2697 participants showed that MBM significantly improved sleep quality compared to controls (SMD = −0.794; 95% CI: −0.794 to −0.994, p < 0.001, I2 = 90.7%). Moderator analysis showed that a long-term MBM (SMD = −0.829; 95% CI: 0.945 to 0.712; p < 0.001) had a larger effect size on sleep than a short-term MBM (SMD = −0.714; 95% CI: 0.784 to 0.644; p < 0.001). Practicing at least twice per week (SMD = −0.793; 95% CI: −0.868 to −0.718; p < 0.001) was more effective compared to practicing once per week (SMD = −0.687; 95% CI: −0.804 to −0.570; p < 0.001). Studies with a total intervention time of more than 24 h also revealed better sleep quality improvement (SMD = −0.759; 95% CI: −0.865 to −0.653; p < 0.001). In addition, the healthy population and older adults gained more from MBM than the patients and younger adults. (4) Conclusions: MBM can effectively improve subjective sleep quality, and the optimal intervention dose of MBM can be utilized in future intervention studies to treat or improve sleep disturbance (MBM more than twice a week for more than three months, with a total intervention time of more than 24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Du
- School of Nursing, Health Science San Antonio, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Haoran Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Shujie Ren
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Danni Zheng
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingqing Shi
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Youfa Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gao-Xia Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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Chanwuyi Lifestyle Medicine Program Alleviates Immunological Deviation and Improves Behaviors in Autism. NEUROSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the association between deviated inflammatory chemokines, the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and our previous findings of the Chanwuyi Lifestyle Medicine Program regarding improved cognitive and behavioral problems in ASD, the present study aims to explore if this intervention can alter pro-inflammatory chemokines concentration. Thirty-two boys with ASD were assigned to the experimental group receiving the Chanwuyi Lifestyle Medicine Program for 7 months or the control group without a change in their lifestyle. The experimental group, but not the control group, demonstrated significantly reduced CCL2 and CXCL8, a trend of reduction in CCL5, and elevation of CXCL9. The experimental group also demonstrated significantly reduced social communication problems, repetitive/stereotypic behaviors, and hyperactive behaviors. The present findings support the potential efficacy and applicability of the Chanwuyi Lifestyle Medicine Program for reducing both behavioral problems and immunological dysfunction in ASD. Further studies are warranted to verify its treatment effect and its association with brain functions.
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Dauwan M, Begemann MJH, Slot MIE, Lee EHM, Scheltens P, Sommer IEC. Physical exercise improves quality of life, depressive symptoms, and cognition across chronic brain disorders: a transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Neurol 2021; 268:1222-1246. [PMID: 31414194 PMCID: PMC7990819 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to synthesize evidence on the efficacy and safety of physical exercise as an add-on therapeutic intervention for quality of life (QoL), depressive symptoms and cognition across six chronic brain disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and unipolar depression. 122 studies ( = k) (n = 7231) were included. Exercise was superior to treatment as usual in improving QoL (k = 64, n = 4334, ES = 0.40, p < 0.0001), depressive symptoms (k = 60, n = 2909, ES = 0.78, p < 0.0001), the cognitive domains attention and working memory (k = 21, n = 1313, ES = 0.24, p < 0.009), executive functioning (k = 14, n = 977, ES = 0.15, p = 0.013), memory (k = 12, n = 994, ES = 0.12, p = 0.038) and psychomotor speed (k = 16, n = 896, ES = 0.23, p = 0.003). Meta-regression showed a dose-response effect for exercise time (min/week) on depressive symptoms (β = 0.007, p = 0.012). 69% of the studies that reported on safety, found no complications. Exercise is an efficacious and safe add-on therapeutic intervention showing a medium-sized effect on QoL and a large effect on mood in patients with chronic brain disorders, with a positive dose-response correlation. Exercise also improved several cognitive domains with small but significant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Dauwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Neuroimaging Center 3111, Deusinglaan 2, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J. H. Begemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Margot I. E. Slot
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin H. M. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, 2/F, New Clinical Building, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E. C. Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Neuroimaging Center 3111, Deusinglaan 2, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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The effects of exercise on sleep in unipolar depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 59:101452. [PMID: 33667885 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insomnia predicts the onset, course, and reoccurrence of unipolar depression. However, systematic reviews of treatment options for insomnia in unipolar depression are lacking. After screening 7725 records, 17 trials comprising 1645 patients randomized to 13 treatments were included for quantitative synthesis. Network meta-analysis showed that compared to a passive control condition, all exercise interventions except moderate aerobic exercise alone resulted in significantly better sleep outcomes. Compared with treatment as usual, mind-body exercise plus treatment as usual (SMD: -0.46; 95% CI: -0.80, -0.12) and vigorous strength exercise (SMD: -0.61; 95% CI: -1.12, -0.10) were significantly more effective. Pairwise meta-analyses showed that mind-body exercise (SMD: -0.54; 95% CI: -0.85, -0.23) had beneficial effects compared to passive control. The network meta-analysis is statistically very robust with low heterogeneity, incoherence, and indirectness. However, confidence in the findings was moderate to very low, primarily due to within-study bias. This is the first network meta-analysis to assess exercise's efficacy to improve sleep quality in patients with depression. The findings confirm the benefits of exercise as an add-on treatment for depression. This consolidation of the current state of evidence can help clinicians make evidence-based decisions.
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A mind-body lifestyle intervention enhances emotional control in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized, controlled study. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:1056-1069. [PMID: 32808234 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of the Dejian mind-body intervention (DMBI), on depressive symptoms and electroencephalography (EEG) changes in relation to emotional processing in patients with depression. Seventy-five age-, gender-, and education-matched participants with depression were randomly assigned to receive either Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) or DMBI or were placed in a control group. Overall depressive syndrome, specific mood-related symptoms (Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression, Beck Depression Inventory), and EEG data were collected individually during a resting state and during affective image viewing before and after 10 weeks of intervention. After intervention, both the DMBI and CBT groups showed significantly reduced levels of overall depressive syndrome and mood-related symptoms (Ps ≤ 0.002) than the control group. In addition, the DMBI group demonstrated a significantly greater extent of elevation in fronto-posterior EEG theta coherence on the right hemisphere when viewing different mood-induction (neutral, positive, and negative) stimuli than the CBT and control groups (Ps < 0.03). The elevated intra-right fronto-posterior coherence when viewing mood-induction stimuli correlated with improved mood levels after the intervention (Ps < 0.05). Our findings also showed that, only in the DMBI group, there was a significant suppression of theta source activity at the posterior and subcortical brain regions that are known to mediate negative emotional responses and the self-absorbed mode of thinking. The findings of reduced depressive symptoms and elevated frontoposterior coherence suggest that the DMBI can enhance emotional control in depression.
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Knight MJ, Mills NT, Baune BT. Contemporary methods of improving cognitive dysfunction in clinical depression. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:431-443. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1610395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Knight
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Natalie T. Mills
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Looking East for Mindfulness: A Glimpse of Practices and Research on Shaolin Martial Arts and Related Practices to Advance Sport Psychology. PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/psych1010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mindfulness is currently receiving attention within sport psychology, there is a lack of discussion on the Eastern origins of mindfulness in the extant sport psychology literature. Several mind‒body practices linked to Chinese Chan and Shaolin martial arts are presented in this paper to illustrate their possible relevance to sport psychology. One takeaway message discussed in relation to the flow experience is that mindful performance of Shaolin martial arts is said to be integral to the psychological transformations associated with realisation of Chan (or “suchness,” satori, Enlightenment), supposedly a goal more likely to be pursued by mindfulness practitioners in the Eastern culture than in the West. Research on Dejian mind‒body intervention, dantian breathing and Shaolin internal martial arts such as Baduanjin and Yijinjing are briefly reviewed to examine the potential psychological benefits of such mind‒body practices. Advancement in sport psychology, particularly in relation to mindfulness-related topics, could benefit from a closer examination of Chan and Shaolin martial arts practices.
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Guo L, Kong Z, Zhang Y. Qigong-Based Therapy for Treating Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E826. [PMID: 30866431 PMCID: PMC6427394 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This current meta-analysis review was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Qigong-based therapy on individuals with major depressive disorder. Six electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wangfang) were employed to retrieve potential articles that were randomized controlled trials. The synthesized effect sizes (Hedges' g) were computerized to explore the effectiveness of Qigong-based therapy. Additionally, a moderator analysis was performed based on the control type. The pooled results indicated that Qigong-based therapy has a significant benefit on depression severity (Hedges' g = -0.64, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.35, p < 0. 001, I² = 41.73%). Specifically, Qigong led to significantly reduced depression as compared to the active control groups (Hedges' g = -0.47, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.12, p = 0.01, I² = 22.75%) and the passive control groups (Hedges' g = -0.80, 95% CI -1.23 to -0.37, p < 0.01, I² = 48.07%), respectively. For studies which reported categorical outcomes, Qigong intervention showed significantly improved treatment response rates (OR = 4.38, 95% CI 1.26 to 15.23, p = 0.02) and remission rates (OR = 8.52, 95% CI 1.91 to 37.98, p = 0.005) in comparison to the waitlist control group. Conclusions: Qigong-based exercises may be effective for alleviating depression symptoms in individuals with major depressive disorder. Future well-designed, randomized, controlled trials with large sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Guo
- College of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China.
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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15
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Chan AS, Cheung WK, Yeung MK, Lee TL. Sustained Effects of Memory and Lifestyle Interventions on Memory Functioning of Older Adults: An 18-Month Follow-Up Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:240. [PMID: 30131690 PMCID: PMC6090041 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been much research devoted to examining the short-term effects of different interventions for improving memory functioning of older adults with memory complaints. Nevertheless, very few studies have examined the long-term effects of these interventions. Thus, the present study compared the sustained effects of a conventional memory intervention (MI) and a Chinese lifestyle intervention on improving memory functioning in older adults. Methods: Twenty-nine older adults who were aged 60 years and older and had memory complaints were recruited. Each completed 10 weekly sessions of the Dejian Mind-body Intervention (DMBI; n = 11) or MI (n = 18) approximately 18 months ago. Participants’ verbal and visual memory functioning and their subjective impression of the changes of their memory performance and physical and psychological health status were evaluated. Results: Results showed significant improvements in memory in both intervention groups at the follow-up assessments when compared with baseline. In addition, older adults in both intervention groups perceived improved memory performance and physical and psychological wellness at follow-up, with the DMBI group reporting significantly greater improvements in physical health compared to the MI group. Conclusion: Altogether, the present study provides supportive evidence that the DMBI and MI might be two effective remedies for older adults to improve or preserve their memory functioning with relatively sustained effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie K Cheung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael K Yeung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Lok Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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16
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Zou L, Yeung A, Li C, Wei GX, Chen KW, Kinser PA, Chan JSM, Ren Z. Effects of Meditative Movements on Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E195. [PMID: 30071662 PMCID: PMC6111244 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tai Chi, Qigong, and Yoga are recognized as the most popular complementary approaches for alleviating musculoskeletal pain, improving sleep quality, and reducing blood pressure. The therapeutic effects of these meditative movements for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) is yet to be determined. Therefore, we examined whether meditative movements (Tai Chi, Qigong, and Yoga) are effective for treating MDD. Seven electronic databases (SPORTDiscus, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang) were used to search relevant articles. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) using Tai Chi, Qigong or Yoga as intervention for MDD were considered for the meta-analysis (standardized mean difference: SMD). RESULTS Meta-analysis on 15 fair-to-high quality RCTs showed a significant benefit in favor of meditative movement on depression severity (SMD = -0.56, 95% CI -0.76 to -0.37, p < 0.001, I² = 35.76%) and on anxiety severity (SMD = -0.46, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.21, p < 0.001, I² = 1.17%). Meditative movement interventions showed significantly improved treatment remission rate (OR = 6.7, 95% CI 2.38 to 18.86, p < 0.001) and response rate (OR = 5.2, 95% CI 1.73 to 15.59, p < 0.001) over passive controls. CONCLUSIONS Emphasizing the therapeutic effects of meditative movements for treating MDD is critical because it may provide a useful alternative to existing mainstream treatments (drug therapy and psychotherapy) for MDD. Given the fact that meditative movements are safe and easily accessible, clinicians may consider recommending meditative movements for symptomatic management in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Albert Yeung
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gao-Xia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
| | - Kevin W Chen
- Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Patricia Anne Kinser
- Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Jessie S M Chan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhanbing Ren
- Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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17
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Sun M, Lanctot K, Herrmann N, Gallagher D. Exercise for Cognitive Symptoms in Depression: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2018; 63:115-128. [PMID: 29186973 PMCID: PMC5788135 DOI: 10.1177/0706743717738493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of exercise on cognition in depression as well as the impact of potential moderators and intervention type. METHOD Controlled and uncontrolled interventional studies that described an exercise intervention and cognitive outcomes in participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) were included following a search of Pubmed, Ovid Medline, PsycInfo and Embase from inception to January 2017. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate Hedges' g using a random-effects model. Meta-regression explored the relationships among age, baseline cognition, frequency and duration of exercise, and cognitive outcomes. Subgroup analyses were also conducted according to type and intensity of exercise interventions. RESULTS Of 12 controlled studies and 3 uncontrolled studies that met inclusion criteria, 9 (642 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. No significant effect of exercise was found on global cognition (Hedges' g = 0.08, P = 0.33, I2 = 0%) or on individual cognitive domains. Meta-regression analyses failed to find significant relationships among participant age, baseline cognition, number of exercise sessions per wk, duration of exercise per wk, total duration of exercise during the intervention, or improvement in global cognition. Interventions combining physical with cognitive activity significantly improved global cognition ( P = 0.048), whereas low-intensity interventions were also positive ( P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS No impact of physical exercise was found on cognition in MDD overall. However, we found that interventions combining physical and cognitive activities had a positive impact, and that lower-intensity interventions, where adherence was improved, also impacted positively. There remains a lack of high-quality data in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xianga Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China
- China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista Lanctot
- Medical Outcome and Research in Economics Group (MORE), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Cuijpers P, Karyotaki E, Reijnders M, Purgato M, Barbui C. Psychotherapies for depression in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis. World Psychiatry 2018; 17:90-101. [PMID: 29352530 PMCID: PMC5775122 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most psychotherapies for depression have been developed in high-income Western countries of North America, Europe and Australia. A growing number of randomized trials have examined the effects of these treatments in non-Western countries. We conducted a meta-analysis of these studies to examine whether these psychotherapies are effective and to compare their effects between studies from Western and non-Western countries. We conducted systematic searches in bibliographical databases and included 253 randomized controlled trials, of which 32 were conducted in non-Western countries. The effects of psychotherapies in non-Western countries were large (g=1.10; 95% CI: 0.91-1.30), with high heterogeneity (I2 =90; 95% CI: 87-92). After adjustment for publication bias, the effect size dropped to g=0.73 (95% CI: 0.51-0.96). Subgroup analyses did not indicate that adaptation to the local situation was associated with the effect size. Comparisons with the studies in Western countries showed that the effects of the therapies were significantly larger in non-Western countries, also after adjusting for characteristics of the participants, the treatments and the studies. These larger effect sizes in non-Western countries may reflect true differences indicating that therapies are indeed more effective; or may be explained by the care-as-usual control conditions in non-Western countries, often indicating that no care was available; or may be the result of the relative low quality of many trials in the field. This study suggests that psychotherapies that were developed in Western countries may or may not be more effective in non-Western countries, but they are probably no less effective and can therefore also be used in these latter countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam School of Public HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam School of Public HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Reijnders
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam School of Public HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marianna Purgato
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of VeronaVeronaItaly
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19
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Yeung A, Chan JSM, Cheung JC, Zou L. Qigong and Tai-Chi for Mood Regulation. FOCUS: JOURNAL OF LIFE LONG LEARNING IN PSYCHIATRY 2018; 16:40-47. [PMID: 31975898 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20170042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Qigong and Tai-Chi are traditional self-healing, self-cultivation exercises originating in ancient China. These exercises are characterized by coordinated body posture and movements, deep rhythmic breathing, meditation, and mental focus based on traditional Chinese medicine theories. Although the exact mechanisms of Qigong's and Tai-Chi's effects on physical and mental well-being are unknown, these practices may be viewed as meditative movements and share many of the healing elements observed in mindfulness meditation. Clinical studies including randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that both Qigong and Tai-Chi have beneficial effects on psychological well-being and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Qigong and Tai-Chi frequently involve anchoring attention to interoceptive sensations related to breath or other parts of the body, which has been shown to enhance nonreactivity to aversive thoughts and impulses. Preliminary studies suggest that the slow movements in Qigong and Tai-Chi with slowing of breath frequency could alter the autonomic system and restore homeostasis, attenuating stress related to hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity and modulating the balance of the autonomic nervous system toward parasympathetic dominance. Qigong's and Tai-Chi's effects on emotion regulation could occur through changes in multiple prefrontal regions, the limbic system, and the striatum or in the expression of genes linked to inflammatory responses and stress-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Yeung
- Dr. Yeung and Ms. Cheung are with the Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Yeung is also with the South Cove Community Health Center, Boston. Dr. Chan is with the Department of Social Work and Social Administration and the Centre on Behavioral Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Dr. Zou is with the Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Department of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Jessie S M Chan
- Dr. Yeung and Ms. Cheung are with the Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Yeung is also with the South Cove Community Health Center, Boston. Dr. Chan is with the Department of Social Work and Social Administration and the Centre on Behavioral Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Dr. Zou is with the Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Department of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Joey C Cheung
- Dr. Yeung and Ms. Cheung are with the Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Yeung is also with the South Cove Community Health Center, Boston. Dr. Chan is with the Department of Social Work and Social Administration and the Centre on Behavioral Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Dr. Zou is with the Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Department of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Dr. Yeung and Ms. Cheung are with the Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Yeung is also with the South Cove Community Health Center, Boston. Dr. Chan is with the Department of Social Work and Social Administration and the Centre on Behavioral Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Dr. Zou is with the Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Department of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
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20
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Elefant AB, Contreras O, Muñoz RF, Bunge EL, Leykin Y. Microinterventions produce immediate but not lasting benefits in mood and distress. Internet Interv 2017; 10:17-22. [PMID: 29270366 PMCID: PMC5734669 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Untreated depression remains one of the largest public health concerns. However, barriers such as unavailability of mental health providers and high cost of services limit the number of people able to benefit from traditional treatments. Though unsupported Internet interventions have proven effective at bypassing many of these barriers given their reach and scalability, attrition from interventions has been an ongoing concern. Microinterventions, or ultra-brief online tools meant to produce a rapid improvement in mood, may offer a way to provide the benefits of unsupported Internet interventions quickly, before attrition might occur. This study examined the immediate and lasting effects of three microinterventions (Breathing Exercises, Thought Records, and a Pleasant Activities Selector) on mood and distress. Participants (N=122) were randomized into three groups, each group completing two of the three microinterventions. Participants were asked to rate their mood and level of distress before and after completing the microintervention. Depression and perceived stress were assessed at baseline and at four weekly follow-ups. Although lasting effects were not found, a significant within-group reduction in distress and improvement in mood were observed immediately following the completion of the microintervention. This study demonstrates the potential benefits of microinterventions to individuals for their immediate needs vis-à-vis mood and distress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Contreras
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo F. Muñoz
- Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for International Internet Interventions for Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo L. Bunge
- Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Institute for International Internet Interventions for Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yan Leykin
- Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for International Internet Interventions for Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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21
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Chan AS, Cheung WK, Yeung MK, Woo J, Kwok T, Shum DHK, Yu R, Cheung MC. A Chinese Chan-based Mind-Body Intervention Improves Memory of Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:190. [PMID: 28659789 PMCID: PMC5466997 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the adoption of lifestyle interventions to remediate age-related declines in memory functioning and physical and psychological health among older adults. This study aimed to investigate whether a Chinese Chan-based lifestyle intervention, the Dejian Mind-Body Intervention (DMBI), leads to positive benefits for memory functioning in older adults. Fifty-six adults aged 60 years or older with subjective memory complaints (SMC) were randomly assigned to receive the DMBI or a control intervention (i.e., a conventional memory intervention; MI) once a week for 10 weeks; 48 of the adults completed the intervention. Participants’ verbal and visual memory functioning before and after the intervention were compared. In addition, changes in the participants’ subjective feelings about their memory performance and physical and psychological health after the intervention were examined. The results showed that both the DMBI and MI resulted in significant improvements in both verbal and visual memory functioning and that the extent of the improvements was correlated with participants’ level of performance at baseline. In addition, compared to the MI group, the DMBI group had significantly greater improvements in subjective physical and psychological health after the intervention. In summary, the present findings support the potential of the DMBI as an alternative lifestyle intervention for improving memory functioning, subjective physical and psychological health of older adults with SMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong.,Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie K Cheung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael K Yeung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy Kwok
- School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David H K Shum
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, SouthportQLD, Australia
| | - Ruby Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mei-Chun Cheung
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
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22
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Brondino N, Rocchetti M, Fusar-Poli L, Codrons E, Correale L, Vandoni M, Barbui C, Politi P. A systematic review of cognitive effects of exercise in depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 135:285-295. [PMID: 28110494 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of physical exercise on cognitive symptoms in depressed adult patients. METHODS Systematic literature search was performed in Web of Science™ and CINAHL from inception to August 2016. Two reviewers independently selected randomized trials evaluating the effect of exercise on cognitive functions in patients with a validated diagnosis of depression. Outcome measures included global cognition and different cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal and visual memory, and reasoning). RESULTS Eight trials met inclusion criteria (637 patients). A fixed-effects model showed absence of beneficial effect on global cognition (Hedges' g = 0.07, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.24, I2 = 0%) as well as on specific cognitive domains. Sensitivity analyses did not show an impact of exercise in studies with shorter intervention duration compared to longer trials (between group heterogeneity Q = 3.564, df = 1, P = 0.059), single session per week compared to multiple sessions (Q = 2.691, df = 1, P = 0.101) and low exercise intensity compared with moderate/high intensity (Q = 2.952, df = 1, P = 0.086). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis did not observe a substantial benefit of physical exercise on cognitive symptoms in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Brondino
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Rocchetti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Fusar-Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Codrons
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity, Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine & Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Correale
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity, Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine & Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity, Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine & Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - P Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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23
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Chan AS, Sze SL, Cheung MC, Han YMY. Development and application of neuropsychology in Hong Kong: implications of its value and future advancement. Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 30:1236-1251. [PMID: 27684572 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2016.1196732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the development, application, and value of neuropsychology, and the standard education and training pathway for neuropsychologists or clinical neuropsychologists in Hong Kong. METHOD The information provided here was gathered via a literature review of the status of neuropsychology and the validity of commonly adopted neuropsychological tests in Hong Kong. Additional details were acquired via the internet about local tertiary education curricula and the related requirements, the availability of professional associations for licensure or board certification, and relevant statistics/surveys conducted by the government. Some information about the clinical practice of neuropsychology was collected through personal communication with local clinical psychologists. RESULTS The development of neuropsychology in Hong Kong over the past 20 years is rapid and productive, given the increasing application of advanced neuroimaging techniques, neuropsychological tests, and opportunities for exchanging up-to-date neuropsychological knowledge and professional training through international conferences, workshops, and seminars. Given that neuropsychology services are often provided by clinical psychologists who are master's degree graduates in clinical psychology, the relatively limited training in neuropsychological knowledge and skills and the lack of division for membership or mandatory registration as a neuropsychologist/clinical neuropsychologist may have an impact on the quality of clinical neuropsychological services and the development of this specialty. CONCLUSIONS These findings signify a need for further improvement or refinement of educational and training pathways for neuropsychologist or clinical neuropsychologist along with the recognition of its value in clinical practice through registration of different disciplines of psychology in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chan
- a Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR, China.,b Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophia L Sze
- a Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR, China.,b Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mei-Chun Cheung
- c Department of Social Work , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yvonne M Y Han
- d Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR, China
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24
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Cuijpers P, Cristea IA, Ebert DD, Koot HM, Auerbach RP, Bruffaerts R, Kessler RC. PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN COLLEGE STUDENTS: A METAANALYSIS. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:400-14. [PMID: 26682536 PMCID: PMC4846553 DOI: 10.1002/da.22461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanded efforts to detect and treat depression among college students, a peak period of onset, have the potential to bear high human capital value from a societal perspective because depression increases college withdrawal rates. However, it is not clear whether evidence-based depression therapies are as effective in college students as in other adult populations. The higher levels of cognitive functioning and IQ and higher proportions of first-onset cases might lead to treatment effects being different among college students relative to the larger adult population. METHODS We conducted a metaanalysis of randomized trials comparing psychological treatments of depressed college students relative to control groups and compared effect sizes in these studies to those in trials carried out in unselected populations of depressed adults. RESULTS The 15 trials on college students satisfying study inclusion criteria included 997 participants. The pooled effect size of therapy versus control was g = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.66∼1.11; NNT = 2.13) with moderate heterogeneity (I(2) = 57; 95% CI: 23∼72). None of these trials had low risk of bias. Effect sizes were significantly larger when students were not remunerated (e.g. money, credit), received individual versus group therapy, and were in trials that included a waiting list control group. No significant difference emerged in comparing effect sizes among college students versus adults either in simple mean comparisons or in multivariate metaregression analyses. CONCLUSIONS This metaanalysis of trials examining psychological treatments of depression in college students suggests that these therapies are effective and have effect sizes comparable to trials carried out among depressed adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,Correspondence to: Professor Pim Cuijpers, Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ioana A. Cristea
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
,Clinical Psychology Branch, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - David D. Ebert
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Nuremberg-Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans M. Koot
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum – KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chan AS, Han YMY, Sze SL, Lau EM. Neuroenhancement of Memory for Children with Autism by a Mind-Body Exercise. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1893. [PMID: 26696946 PMCID: PMC4676196 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The memory deficits found in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be caused by the lack of an effective strategy to aid memory. The executive control of memory processing is mediated largely by the timely coupling between frontal and posterior brain regions. The present study aimed to explore the potential effect of a Chinese mind–body exercise, namely Nei Gong, for enhancing learning and memory in children with ASD, and the possible neural basis of the improvement. Sixty-six children with ASD were randomly assigned to groups receiving Nei Gong training (NGT), progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training, or no training for 1 month. Before and after training, the participants were tested individually on a computerized visual memory task while EEG signals were acquired during the memory encoding phase. Children in the NGT group demonstrated significantly enhanced memory performance and more effective use of a memory strategy, which was not observed in the other two groups. Furthermore, the improved memory after NGT was consistent with findings of elevated EEG theta coherence between frontal and posterior brain regions, a measure of functional coupling. The scalp EEG signals were localized by the standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography method and found to originate from a neural network that promotes effective memory processing, including the prefrontal cortex, the parietal cortex, and the medial and inferior temporal cortex. This alteration in neural processing was not found in children receiving PMR or in those who received no training. The present findings suggest that the mind–body exercise program may have the potential effect on modulating neural functional connectivity underlying memory processing and hence enhance memory functions in individuals with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Henan Songshan Research Institute for Chanwuyi Henan, China
| | - Yvonne M Y Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Sophia L Sze
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Eliza M Lau
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
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Effectiveness of the relaxation response-based group intervention for treating depressed chinese american immigrants: a pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:9186-201. [PMID: 25198683 PMCID: PMC4199014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study examined the feasibility, safety and efficacy of an 8-week Relaxation Response (RR)-based group. Methods: Twenty-two depressed Chinese American immigrants were recruited. Outcomes measures were response and remission rates, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Clinical Global Impressions Scale, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale. Results: Participants (N = 22) were 82% female, mean age was 53 (±12). After intervention, completers (N = 15) showed a 40% response rate and a 27% remission rate, and statistically significant improvement in most outcome measures. Discussion: The RR-based group is feasible and safe in treating Chinese American immigrants with depression.
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Yu R, Woo J, Chan AS, Sze SL. A Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention improves psychological well-being and physical health of community-dwelling elderly: a pilot study. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:727-36. [PMID: 24790425 PMCID: PMC4003151 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s59985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to explore the potential benefits of the Dejian mind–body intervention (DMBI) for psychological and physical health in older Chinese adults. Methods After confirmation of eligibility, the subjects were invited to receive DMBI once a week for 12 weeks. The intervention involved components of learning self-awareness and self-control, practicing mind–body exercises, and adopting a special vegetarian diet. Intervention-related changes were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Chinese Constipation Questionnaire, and self-report ratings of health. Indicators of metabolic syndrome and walking speed were also measured. Results Of the 44 subjects recruited, 42 (54.8% men) completed the study, giving an adherence rate of 95%. There was a significant reduction in perceived stress (P<0.05). A significant improvement was also found in systolic blood pressure among those who had abnormally high blood pressure at baseline (P<0.05). Physical fitness as reflected by walking speed was also significantly increased after the intervention (P<0.05). Sleep disturbances were reduced (P<0.01). Self-rated health was significantly enhanced, with the percentage rating very good health increasing from 14.3% at baseline to 42.8% after the intervention (P<0.001). No intervention effect was found for waist circumference, lipids and fasting blood glucose levels, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score, and constipation measures. Conclusion The DMBI was feasible and acceptable, and subjects showed some improvements in psychological and physical health. A larger controlled trial is needed to confirm these promising preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong ; Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong ; Henan Songshan Research Institute for Chanwuyi, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sophia L Sze
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong ; Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Chan AS, Sze SL, Woo J, Yu RH. A Chinese Chan-based lifestyle intervention improves memory of older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:50. [PMID: 24723885 PMCID: PMC3972479 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the potential benefits of a Chinese Chan-based lifestyle intervention on enhancing memory in older people with lower memory function. Forty-four aged 60–83 adults with various level of memory ability participated in the study. Their memories (including verbal and visual components) were assessed before and after 3 months intervention. The intervention consisted of 12 sessions, with one 90 min session per week. The intervention involved components of adopting a special vegetarian diet, practicing a type of mind–body exercises, and learning self-realization. Elderly with lower memory function at the baseline (i.e., their performance on standardized memory tests was within 25th percentile) showed a significant memory improvement after the intervention. Their verbal and visual memory performance has showed 50 and 49% enhancement, respectively. In addition, their improvement can be considered as a reliable and clinically significant change as reflected by their significant pre–post differences and reliable change indices. Such robust treatment effect was found to be specific to memory functions, but less influencing on the other cognitive functions. These preliminary encouraging results have shed some light on the potential applicability of the Chinese Chan-based lifestyle intervention as a method for enhancing memory in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong, China ; Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong, China ; Henan Songshan Research Institute for Chanwuyi Zheng Zhou, China
| | - Sophia L Sze
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong, China ; Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruby H Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Chan AS, Han YMY, Sze SL, Wong QY, Cheung MC. A randomized controlled neurophysiological study of a chinese chan-based mind-body intervention in patients with major depressive disorder. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:812096. [PMID: 24489591 PMCID: PMC3892748 DOI: 10.1155/2013/812096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have reported the therapeutic effects of 10-session Chinese Chan-based Dejian mind-body interventions (DMBI) in reducing the intake of antidepressants, improving depressive symptoms, and enhancing the attentional abilities of patients with depression. This study aims to explore the possible neuroelectrophysiological mechanisms underlying the previously reported treatment effects of DMBI in comparison with those of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Seventy-five age-, gender-, and education-matched participants with depression were randomly assigned to receive either CBT or DMBI or placed on a waitlist. Eyes-closed resting EEG data were obtained individually before and after 10 weeks. After intervention, the DMBI group demonstrated significantly enhanced frontal alpha asymmetry (an index of positive mood) and intra- and interhemispheric theta coherence in frontoposterior and posterior brain regions (an index of attention). In contrast, neither the CBT nor the waitlist group showed significant changes in EEG activity patterns. Furthermore, the asymmetry and coherence indices of the DMBI group were correlated with self-reported depression severity levels and performance on an attention test, respectively. The present findings provide support for the effects of a Chinese Chan-based mind-body intervention in fostering human brain states that can facilitate positive mood and an attentive mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S. Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Henan Songshan Research Institute for Chanwuyi, Henan 452470, China
| | - Yvonne M. Y. Han
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Sophia L. Sze
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | - Mei-chun Cheung
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Chan AS, Sze SL, Siu NY, Lau EM, Cheung MC. A chinese mind-body exercise improves self-control of children with autism: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68184. [PMID: 23874533 PMCID: PMC3707921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-control problems commonly manifest as temper outbursts and repetitive/rigid/impulsive behaviors, in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which often contributes to learning difficulties and caregiver burden. The present study aims to compare the effect of a traditional Chinese Chan-based mind-body exercise, Nei Yang Gong, with that of the conventional Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) technique in enhancing the self-control of children with ASD. Forty-six age- and IQ-matched ASD children were randomly assigned to receive group training in Nei Yang Gong (experimental group) or PMR (control group) twice per week for four weeks. The participants' self-control was measured by three neuropsychological tests and parental rating on standardized questionnaires, and the underlying neural mechanism was assessed by the participants' brain EEG activity during an inhibitory-control task before and after intervention. The results show that the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in self-control than the control group, which concurs with the parental reports of reduced autistic symptoms and increased control of temper and behaviors. In addition, the experimental group showed enhanced EEG activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, a region that mediates self-control, whereas the PMR group did not. The present findings support the potential application of Chinese Chan-based mind-body exercises as a form of neuropsychological rehabilitation for patients with self-control problems. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; Registration No.: ChiCTR-TRC-12002561; URL: www.chictr.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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The effect of qigong on depressive and anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:716094. [PMID: 23762156 PMCID: PMC3671670 DOI: 10.1155/2013/716094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate clinical trial evidence of the effectiveness of qigong exercise on depressive and anxiety symptoms. Methods. Thirteen databases were searched from their respective inception through December 2012. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Effects of qigong across trials were pooled. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated for the pooled effects. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Study quality was evaluated using the Wayne Checklist.
Results. Twelve RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The results of meta-analyses suggested a beneficial effect of qigong exercise on depressive symptoms when compared to waiting-list controls or usual care only (SMD = −0.75; 95% CI, −1.44 to −0.06), group newspaper reading (SMD = −1.24; 95% CI, −1.64 to −0.84), and walking or conventional exercise (SMD = −0.52; 95% CI, −0.85 to −0.19), which might be comparable to that of cognitive-behavioral therapy (P = 0.54). Available evidence did not suggest a beneficial effect of qigong exercise on anxiety symptoms. Conclusion. Qigong may be potentially beneficial for management of depressive symptoms, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of RCTs and associated methodological weaknesses. Further rigorously designed RCTs are warranted.
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A chan dietary intervention enhances executive functions and anterior cingulate activity in autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:262136. [PMID: 22666288 PMCID: PMC3359807 DOI: 10.1155/2012/262136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Executive dysfunctions have been found to be related to repetitive/disinhibited behaviors and social deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This study aims to investigate the potential effect of a Shaolin-medicine-based dietary modification on improving executive functions and behavioral symptoms of ASD and exploring the possible underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. Twenty-four children with ASD were randomly assigned into the experimental (receiving dietary modification for one month) and the control (no modification) groups. Each child was assessed on his/her executive functions, behavioral problems based on parental ratings, and event-related electroencephalography (EEG) activity during a response-monitoring task before and after the one month. The experimental group demonstrated significantly improved mental flexibility and inhibitory control after the diet modification, which continued to have a large effect size within the low-functioning subgroup. Such improvements coincided with positive evaluations by their parents on social communication abilities and flexible inhibitory control of daily behaviors and significantly enhanced event-related EEG activity at the rostral and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, the control group did not show any significant improvements. These positive outcomes of a one-month dietary modification on children with ASD have implicated its potential clinical applicability for patients with executive function deficits.
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