1
|
Duko B, Belayhun Y, Bedaso A. Prevalence of common mental disorder and its association with perceived stigma and social support among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Syst 2024; 18:25. [PMID: 38978036 PMCID: PMC11232219 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-024-00641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When common mental disorders (CMD) co-occur with HIV/AIDS, they can complicate patient diagnosis, help-seeking behaviors, quality of life, treatment outcomes, and drug adherence. Thus, estimating the pooled prevalence of CMD and its association with perceived stigma and social support among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Ethiopia could potentially support policymakers and health professionals to understand the disease burden and set a solution to improve the mental well-being of PLWHA. METHODS Popular databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Psych-INFO as well as Google Scholar, AJOL, CINAHL, PILOTS and Web of Science were searched for the relevant articles conducted in Ethiopia. We included cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies in the review. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0 was used to pool the results of the included studies. The Q- and I2-statistics were used to assess the heterogeneity between the included studies. We employed a random-effects meta-analysis model to estimate the pooled prevalence of CMD and to account for heterogeneity among the included studies. We also conducted a leave-one-out analyses, and stratified meta-analyses by gender (male and female). RESULTS The studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis were published between 2009 and 2021, recruiting a total of 5625 participants. The pooled estimated prevalence of CMD among PLWHA in Ethiopia was 26.1% (95% CI 18.1-36.0). The pooled estimated prevalence of CMD was significantly higher among females, at 39.5% (95% CI 21.2-39.0), compared to males, 26.9% (95% CI 15.6-31.7). Moreover, the pooled estimated prevalence of CMD in PLWHA ranged from 23.5 to 28.9% in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, indicating that the removal of any single study did not significantly affect the pooled estimate. The pooled effects (AOR) of Perceived HIV stigma and poor perceived social support on common mental disorder were 2.91, 95% CI (1.35-6.29) and 5.56, 95% CI (1.89-16.39), respectively. CONCLUSION People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who received poor social support and those with HIV-related perceived stigma were found to have strong association with CMD. Therefore, it is advisable that all PLWHA attending ART clinic should be screened for CMD, social support and HIV-related perceived stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Yitagesu Belayhun
- Health Development Planning and Economic Administration, South Ethiopia Regional State Health Bureau, Jinka, Ethiopia
| | - Asres Bedaso
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- The Daffodil Centre, University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahlborg MG, Nygren JM, Svedberg P, Regber S. Resilience in children of parents with mental illness, alcohol or substance misuse-An integrative review. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2219. [PMID: 38881475 PMCID: PMC11180992 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this integrative review was to investigate how resilience has been researched and explore experiences of resilience, in children of parents with mental illness or alcohol or substance misuse. DESIGN An integrative review. METHOD The search included three major electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO with the aim of identifying peer-reviewed studies where the concept of resilience was explored as resilience, coping, adaptation or protective factors. RESULTS Out of 4016 studies, 14 were included after meeting predetermined criteria and methodological quality evaluation. The findings are presented in five categories: characteristics of the studies, operationalization and interpretation of resilience, individual resources, family resources and resources outside the family. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Resilience in children of parents with mental illness or substance misuse refers to coping strategies, protective factors and absence of symptoms or risk behaviour despite being exposed to risk. We suggest a three-level approach for mapping of resilience resources in the target group: the individual level, family level and outside of the family that includes both non-professionals and professionals. The use of disengagement or avoidance strategies implies poor resilience but may be necessary in absence of support, as acts of self-preservation during chaotic periods or harmful situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petra Svedberg
- School of Health and WelfareHalmstad UniversityHalmstadSweden
| | - Susann Regber
- School of Health and WelfareHalmstad UniversityHalmstadSweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang JL, Zhou X. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among parents and adolescents following Typhoon Lekima: Examination of the mother-daughter sex matching effect. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:709-718. [PMID: 36734237 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the same-sex matching effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms from parents to children and the mediating role of children' sense of security and catastrophization. Longitudinal data from 447 parent-child dyads were acquired using self-report scales. Parents (77.0% mothers; Mage = 40.15 years old) reported their PTSD symptoms 3 months after Super Typhoon Lekima, and children (55.9% girls; Mage = 13.40 years old) reported their PTSD symptoms, sense of security, and catastrophization 3 months and 15 months after the typhoon. Results showed that intrusion in mothers predicated intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms in daughters, while avoidance and hyperarousal in mothers predicted the same symptoms in daughters. This was not observed in any other parent-child dyads. Moreover, mothers' intrusion positively predicted daughters' PTSD symptoms via daughters' sense of security and then catastrophization, while mothers' hyperarousal showed the opposite prediction. These findings suggest that a same-sex matching effect occurs from mothers to daughters in terms of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD. Thus, clinical interventions that target daughters' PTSD symptoms should also consider mothers' intrusion and avoidance symptoms. Moreover, it may be possible to develop interventions to improve daughters' sense of security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Huang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu M, Qin F, Wang D. A study of the mediating effect of social support on self-disclosure and demoralization in Chinese older adult homebound breast cancer patients. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1365246. [PMID: 38694434 PMCID: PMC11062348 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1365246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Demoralization is common in older adult homebound breast cancer patients, seriously affecting their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the demoralization of older adult homebound breast cancer patients and to analyse the mediating effects of social support between self-disclosure and demoralization. Methods The study enrolled 368 older adult homebound breast cancer patients reviewed in outpatient clinics of three hospitals from January 2022 to August 2023. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire, the distress disclosure index (DDI), the social support revalued scale (SSRS), and the demoralization scale (DS). Path analysis was conducted to test the hypothesised serial mediation model. Results The total scores of self-disclosure, social support, and demoralization were 37 (25-42), 34 (19-48.75), and 46.5 (35-68), respectively. The results indicated a positive correlation between self-disclosure and social support (p < 0.01). In contrast, a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between self-disclosure, social support, and various demoralization dimensions (p < 0.01). Social support played a partial mediation effects between self-disclosure and demoralization, indirect effect =0.6362, SE = -0.591, 95% CI (-0.785 ~ -0.415); Self-disclosure direct effect demoralization, direct effect =0.3638, SE = -0.337, 95% CI (-0.525 ~ -0.144); total effect, SE = -0.929, 95% CI (-0.945 ~ -0.904). Discussion Social support a partial mediated between self-disclosure and demoralization in Chinese older adult homebound breast cancer patients. Clinical staff should focus on developing a social support system for Chinese older adult homebound breast cancer patients, encouraging patients to reveal their minds, and providing psychological counselling to enhance self-confidence and rebirth from adversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fawei Qin
- Department of Oncology Minimally Invasive Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Z, Shen L, Wu X, Zhen R, Zhou X. Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Depression in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Roles of Feelings of Safety and Rumination. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:219-226. [PMID: 35834146 PMCID: PMC9281292 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the mechanism underlying the effect of basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNs) on depression via feelings of safety or rumination in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-report questionnaires were distributed to 683 middle school students from Hubei province in China. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyse the data. The results showed that basic psychological needs satisfaction exerted negative effects on adolescents' depression in both a direct and an indirect way. In specific, basic psychological needs satisfaction not only directly reduced depression, but also indirectly reduced depression by the mediating role of feelings of safety, but not by rumination. Moreover, autonomy and relatedness, but not competence need satisfaction, indirectly reduced depression by the multiple mediating path from feelings of safety to rumination. The findings indicate satisfaction of basic psychological needs is important in increasing adolescents' feelings of safety, reducing negative cognitions, and alleviating their depression level during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Liu
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 10003, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingyan Shen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Street, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Street, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310028, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen XY, Shi X, Li C, Fan F. Longitudinal associations between social support trajectories and quality of life mediated by depressive symptoms: A 10-year cohort study of Wenchuan earthquake. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1702-1714. [PMID: 37674388 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies on associations between social support and quality of life (QoL) have usually employed a variable-centered approach, without considering individual variances in time-varying changes in social support. This study explores trajectories of social support and whether depressive symptoms mediate associations between social support trajectories and QoL 10 years after an earthquake. METHODS Seven hundred and forty-four Chinese adolescents exposed to the Wenchuan earthquake were surveyed on social support at 6-, 18-, and 24-months and depressive symptoms at 30-months postearthquake (T30m ). They provided valid data on QoL after 10 years of the earthquake (T10y ). The latent class growth analysis was used to estimate social support trajectories. Mediation analysis was then conducted to test whether depressive symptoms at T30m mediated associations between social support trajectories and QoL at T10y . RESULTS Three trajectories of social support were identified: low decreasing (31.6%), moderate decreasing (55.4%), and persistent high (13.0%) groups. Depressive symptoms significantly mediated the effects of social support trajectories (relative to the low support trajectory) on future QoL (95% CIs: 0.70-1.78 and 1.41-3.37 for moderate decreasing and persistent high groups, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Social support shows individual differences over time. Moderate and high social support trajectories improve 10-year QoL partly by reducing depressive symptoms. Therefore, interventions aimed at enhancing social support and reducing depressive symptoms may be more effective in enhancing QoL in the aftermath of disasters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuliang Shi
- College of Education, Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fang Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Xu Y, Zeng H. Trait rumination in post-stress growth among Chinese college students: the chain mediating effect of distress disclosure and perceived social support. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1265405. [PMID: 38074763 PMCID: PMC10701402 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1265405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rumination has emerged as a significant factor contributing to personal growth following periods of stress or trauma. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between trait rumination and post-stress growth (PSG) within the context of Chinese college students who encounter mild stressors in their daily lives. Moreover, we aim to evaluate the potential mediating roles played by both distress disclosure and perceived social support in this dynamic relationship. Method All participants completed assessments using the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Rumination Response Scale, Post-Stress Growth Inventory, Distress Disclosure Index, and Perceived Social Support Scale. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted using SPSS PROCESS 4 MACRO. Results All students reported experiencing mild psychological impacts as a result of negative life events in the past year and displayed moderate levels of PSG. There was no significant correlation observed between the effects of negative life events and PSG. Significant negative correlations were found between trait rumination and distress disclosure, perceived social support, and PSG. Distress disclosure and perceived social support jointly operated as sequential mediators in the relationship between trait rumination and PSG among all the participants. Qualitative analyses revealed different correlation patterns of high- versus low-ruminator. Conclusion Trait rumination affects PSG both directly and indirectly, through its influence on distress disclosure and perceived social support. Our results emphasize the significance of actively participating in distress disclosure and nurturing a robust sense of social support to counteract the detrimental effects of rumination on post-stress growth among Chinese college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yining Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Quan L, Lu W, Zhen R, Zhou X. Post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety, and depression in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:228. [PMID: 37016381 PMCID: PMC10072042 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in psychiatric disorders in college students, particularly posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. While existing studies assess the prevalence of these disorders and their predictors, they overlook potential complications caused by comorbidity between these disorders. To fill this gap, this study examined the prevalence of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity to inform targeted intervention for college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Self-report questionnaires were used to assess 6,898 college students about six months after the COVID-19 outbreak. RESULTS The results found that the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety were 15.5%, 32.2%, and 32.1% respectively, and the prevalence of comorbid PTSD and depression, comorbid PTSD and anxiety, comorbid depression and anxiety, and comorbid PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms were 11.5%, 11.6%, 20.4%, and 9.4% respectively. Moreover, left-behind status, lower economic status, previous trauma experiences, exposure to the pandemic, and rumination were risk factors of psychological distress, but self-disclosure was a protective factor for these disorders. CONCLUSION These results indicate that distinct psychiatric disorders may be comorbid in individuals, and are further influenced by pre-, within-, and post-disaster factors. Furthermore, psychological service targeted at college students should pay attention to comorbid symptoms rather than only symptoms of single disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Quan
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yao X, Chen S, Yu G. Effects of members’ response styles in an online depression community based on text mining and empirical analysis. Inf Process Manag 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2022.103198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
|
10
|
Hu Y, Gao RC, Sang N, Wu L, Shi PL, Wu GC. Influencing factors of self-disclosure and its impact on quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2023; 32:207-215. [PMID: 36470586 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221143935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-disclosure may enhance positive illness perceptions, whereas patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) always facing negative illness perceptions due to multiple reasons, so elucidation of factors affecting self-disclosure may facilitate the development of quality of life. METHODS A total of 161 hospitalized patients with SLE were recruited. Scales on demographic and clinical characteristics, self-disclosure, psychosocial status (e.g. Social Support Rating Scale - SSRS) and quality of life were used to collect related information from clients. Univariate analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test or chi-square test, and multivariate analysis by ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS Social support, drinking, depression and cause of hospitalization were found to be influencing factors of self-disclosure. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the significant and independent factors associated with self-disclosure in patients with SLE were social support, drinking and depression. Domains of LupusQoL, except physical health and fatigue, were positively correlated with self-disclosure. CONCLUSIONS With the increase of social support, the level of self-disclosure become worse, drinking, depression and cause of hospitalization are risk factors for it. Moreover, the level of self-disclosure is positively related to the LupusQoL. Medical staff should formulate effective measures according to the results to improve self-disclosure in patients with SLE and promote their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- School of Nursing, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui-Chen Gao
- School of Nursing, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ni Sang
- School of Nursing, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Nursing, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pei-Li Shi
- School of Nursing, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Cui Wu
- School of Nursing, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mengesha T, Bedaso A, Berhanu E, Yesuf A, Duko B. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among prisoners in Kaliti Federal Prison in Ethiopia: a facility based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e061547. [PMID: 36720572 PMCID: PMC9890831 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study intended to examine the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among inmates in Kaliti Prison Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 694 randomly selected inmates in Kaliti Federal Prison in Ethiopia. The depressive symptom was examined using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify correlates of depressive symptoms. A p value <0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance, and an adjusted OR (AOR) with the corresponding 95% CI was computed to determine the strength of association. Data were analysed using SPSS V.20. RESULT The prevalence of depressive symptoms among prisoners in the current study was 56.6% (95% CI 53.2 to 60.8). Poor social support (AOR: 3.33, 95% CI 2.03 to 5.458), personal history of mental illness (AOR=3.16, 95% CI 1.62 to 6.14), physical abuse (AOR=2.31, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.78) and comorbid chronic medical illness (AOR=3.47, 95% CI 2.09 to 5.74) were independent correlates of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Our study shows that around one in two prisoners screened positive for depressive symptoms. There should be a regular screening of depressive symptoms for prisoners, and those screened positive should be linked to proper psychiatric service for early diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Mengesha
- Department of Nursing, St. Peter's Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asres Bedaso
- Department of Nursing, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyoel Berhanu
- Department of Nursing, Saint Paul's Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Yesuf
- Department of Nursing, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Duko
- School of Public Health, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu Y, Ye Y, Zha Y, Zhen R, Zhou X. School bullying victimization and post-traumatic stress symptoms in adolescents: the mediating roles of feelings of insecurity and self-disclosure. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:31. [PMID: 36721248 PMCID: PMC9890857 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) is known to be a typical problem for school bullying victims. However, the underlying mechanism between school bullying victimization and PTSSs remains unknown. This study examined the mediating roles of feelings of insecurity and self-disclosure in the relationship between school bullying victimization and PTSSs in adolescents. METHODS Self-report questionnaires were used to assess 5013 adolescents; 443 of them with school bullying experiences were selected to carry out this study. RESULTS The results found that school bullying victimization was directly related to more PTSSs, indirectly associated with more PTSSs through feelings of insecurity, and through the path from feelings of insecurity to self-disclosure. However, school bullying victimization did not exert an indirect effect on PTSSs through one step effect of self-disclosure. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that feelings of insecurity and self-disclosure mediated the relationship between school bullying victimization and PTSSs. The psychological service should reduce adolescents' feelings of insecurity and give them more chances to disclose their bullying experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Xu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Ye
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yichang Zha
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- grid.410595.c0000 0001 2230 9154Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Westphal A, Kalinowski E, Hoferichter CJ, Vock M. K-12 teachers' stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:920326. [PMID: 36118449 PMCID: PMC9479001 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first systematic literature review on stress and burnout in K-12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 17 studies that included 9,874 K-12 teachers from around the world. These studies showed some indication that burnout did increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were, however, almost no differences in the levels of stress and burnout experienced by K-12 teachers compared to individuals employed in other occupational fields. School principals' leadership styles emerged as an organizational characteristic that is highly relevant for K-12 teachers' levels of stress and burnout. Individual teacher characteristics associated with burnout were K-12 teachers' personality, self-efficacy in online teaching, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. In order to reduce stress, there was an indication that stress-management training in combination with training in technology use for teaching may be superior to stress-management training alone. Future research needs to adopt more longitudinal designs and examine the interplay between individual and organizational characteristics in the development of teacher stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Westphal
- Interdisciplinary Research on Teaching, Learning and School Development, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eva Kalinowski
- Empirical Research on Instruction and Intervention, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Miriam Vock
- Empirical Research on Instruction and Intervention, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhen B, Yao B, Zhou X. How does parent-child communication affects posttraumatic stress disorder and growth in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic? The mediating roles of self-compassion and disclosure. J Affect Disord 2022; 306:1-8. [PMID: 35301037 PMCID: PMC8920085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that family factors play an important role in adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Parent-child communication has attracted particular attention. However, it remains unclear whether parent-child communication affects PTSD and PTG via unique or shared underlying mechanisms. The study aim was to examine the effect of parent-child communication on PTSD and PTG via self-compassion and self-disclosure. METHODS Self-report questionnaires were administered to 683 adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Open parent-child communication was positively associated with PTG and negatively associated with PTSD via two 1-step indirect paths of self-compassion and self-disclosure, and by one 2-step indirect path of self-compassion to self-disclosure. Problematic parent-child communication was negatively associated with PTG and positively associated with PTSD via two 1-step indirect paths of self-compassion and self-disclosure. LIMITATIONS First, pandemics differ from other disasters, generalizing these findings to other traumatized populations must be cautious. Then, this was a cross-sectional study, so longitudinal effects could not be examined and causal relationships cannot be confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Different types of parent-child communication have different influencing mechanisms on PTSD and PTG. Therefore, distinct intervention strategies are needed targeted to these two psychological reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Zhen
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Benxian Yao
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; Department of Psychology, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 238076, China.
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharif Nia H, Gorgulu O, Naghavi N, Robles-Bello MA, Sánchez-Teruel D, Khoshnavay Fomani F, She L, Rahmatpour P, Allen KA, Arslan G, Pahlevan Sharif S. Spiritual Well-Being, Social Support, and Financial Distress in Determining Depression: The Mediating Role of Impact of Event During COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:754831. [PMID: 34777060 PMCID: PMC8581494 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.754831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between spiritual well-being, social support, and financial distress with depressive symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A path analysis was used to analyze data collected from 1,156 Iranian participants via an online survey. The results showed that spiritual well-being and social support were negatively related to depressive symptoms and financial distress. The impact of COVID-19 events showed negative associations with depressive symptoms. In addition, the link between spiritual well-being and financial distress with depressive symptoms was partially mediated by the impact of events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif Nia
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ozkan Gorgulu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Information, Faculty of Medicine, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Navaz Naghavi
- Taylor's Business School, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - María Auxiliadora Robles-Bello
- Area of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Teruel
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Long She
- Faculty of Business and Law, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Pardis Rahmatpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kelly-Ann Allen
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, The Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sharpe I, Davison CM. Climate change, climate-related disasters and mental disorder in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051908. [PMID: 34649848 PMCID: PMC8522671 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Climate change and climate-related disasters adversely affect mental health. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and climate-related disasters and often lack adequate mental healthcare infrastructure. We used the scoping review methodology to determine how exposure to climate change and climate-related disasters influences the presence of mental disorders among those living in LMICs. We also aimed to recognise existing gaps in this area of literature. METHODS This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. To identify relevant studies, we searched five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, APA PsycInfo and Sociological Abstracts) from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2019. We also searched the grey literature. Included studies had an adult-focused LMIC population, a climate change or climate-related disaster exposure and a mental disorder outcome. Relevant study information was extracted and synthesised. RESULTS Fifty-eight studies were identified, most of which (n=48) employed a cross-sectional design. The most commonly studied exposure-outcome combinations were flood-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n=28), flood-related depression (n=15) and storm-related PTSD (n=13). The majority of studies identified a positive exposure-outcome association. However, few studies included a baseline or comparator (ie, unexposed) group, thereby limiting our understanding of the magnitude or nature of this association. There was also great heterogeneity in this literature, making studies difficult to pool or compare. Several research gaps were identified including the lack of longitudinal studies and non-uniformity of geographic coverage. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this was the first scoping review to investigate the relationship between climate change and climate-related disaster exposures and mental disorder outcomes in LMICs. Our findings support the need for further research, but also highlight that mental health should be a priority within LMIC climate change policy considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Sharpe
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen M Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou X, Wu X. Shared or unique trajectories of PTSD and depression in children over time since an earthquake. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1003-1017. [PMID: 34000878 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211017617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are common outcomes in children and adolescents following natural disasters. However, because of the comorbidity of PTSD and depression, their mutual relationship affects their relative trajectories over time. Therefore, this study examined the joint trajectories of PTSD and depression and assessed their consistency over time. Using self-report questionnaires, we surveyed 303 children in the worst-affected area of the Ya'an earthquake at 6 months, 1 year, and 18 months post-disaster. Four latent joint trajectories of PTSD and depression were identified: a chronic depression-delayed PTSD symptoms group (n = 59, 19.5%), a chronic PTSD-delayed depressive symptoms group (n = 10, 3.3%), a low-symptoms group (n = 208, 68.6%), and a chronic depression-PTSD symptoms recovery group (n = 26, 8.6%). Companionship and affirmative value were more likely to be observed in the low-symptoms group. These findings illustrate that PTSD and depression development are heterogeneously distributed, and various types of social support fill different roles in differentiating distinct joint trajectories of PTSD and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Taubman – Ben‐Ari O, Chasson M, Abu‐Sharkia S. Childbirth anxieties in the shadow of COVID-19: Self-compassion and social support among Jewish and Arab pregnant women in Israel. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2021; 29:1409-1419. [PMID: 33058395 PMCID: PMC7675716 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study examined two angles of childbirth anxieties of Jewish and Arab pregnant women in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic (March-April, 2020). Specifically, we examined the contribution of personal resources: self-compassion and perceived social support, as well as a couple of COVID-19-related fears of being infected and concern for the foetus, to both the woman's global fear of childbirth (FOC) and her COVID-19-related childbirth anxiety. Participants were Jewish and Arab pregnant women (n = 403) aged 20-47, who completed a set of structured self-report questionnaires from 18 March to 9 April 2020. Findings indicated that Arab women reported higher level of COVID-19-related childbirth anxiety and COVID-19-related fears of being infected and concern for the foetus. In addition, poorer health, being an Arab woman, being in the third trimester, lower self-compassion, and higher COVID-19-related fears contributed significantly to greater COVID-19-related childbirth anxiety. Furthermore, poorer health, being primiparous, at-risk pregnancy, lower self-compassion and higher fear of being infected contributed significantly to greater FOC. Importantly, social support was found to moderate the association between self-compassion and FOC. The results highlight the need to be attentive to pregnant women in times of crisis, and in particular to especially vulnerable subgroups, such as cultural minorities. They also highlight the importance of personal resources that may be applied in targeted interventions to reduce distress in vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Chasson
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social WorkBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Salam Abu‐Sharkia
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social WorkBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Influence of Online Social Support on the Public's Belief in Overcoming COVID-19. Inf Process Manag 2021; 58:102583. [PMID: 33746338 PMCID: PMC7959279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early 2020 has dramatically changed people's lives. Some countries have taken mass home quarantine to control the virus. However, the side effects of quarantine have rarely been interrogated by current COVID-19 research. This study thus investigates the effects of online social support on the public's beliefs in overcoming COVID-19 by embracing their cognition and emotion during the epidemic. First, by crawling and content analysis of the messages posted on "Baidu COVID-19 bar", this study identified 5 types of online social support given or received by the public during COVID-19. On this basis, a model explaining the public's beliefs was developed from the perspectives of online social support, cognition and emotion. 334 valid online questionnaires were collected to examine the proposed model and hypotheses. The results show that cognition has a direct effect on the belief, while emotion affects the belief via a full mediating effect of cognition. Tangible support and esteem support can directly affect the public's beliefs, and educational level significantly moderates these effects. In addition, the public's cognition is influenced by informational support, however, emotion is not influenced by social support but by other factors (e.g., information disclosure, material supplies and frustration caused by the epidemic). These research results provide a deep insight into how to reduce the negative effects of quarantine, consolidate the theoretical basis of the public's beliefs, and have important practical implications for individuals and the government in dealing with such emergencies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Pandit A, Nakagawa Y. How Does Reciprocal Exchange of Social Support Alleviate Individuals' Depression in an Earthquake-Damaged Community? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1585. [PMID: 33567495 PMCID: PMC7914432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence to indicate the direct effects of receiving social support on mental health during and after a disaster. However, the importance of reciprocal exchanges of social support (i.e., balanced receipt and provision of social support) in maintaining the mental health status of individuals is not widely recognized. Using equity theory and reciprocity norms as a conceptual base, we distinguished two types of social support, namely, emotional support and instrumental support, and examined the effects of reciprocal exchanges of types of support on depression in survivors of an earthquake-damaged community. To collect data, in 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 295 survivors of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in a rural village in Nepal. Our results showed that the relationship between reciprocal exchange of support and depression varied depending on the types of support. The amount of emotional support received by the individual alleviated his/her depression only when accompanied by giving emotional support. By contrast, the net amount of instrumental support given by the individual increased his/her depression. The practical implications of the study are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshinori Nakagawa
- School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 782-8502, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fitzpatrick KM. Post-traumatic stress symptomatology and displacement among Hurricane Harvey survivors. Soc Sci Med 2021; 270:113634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
22
|
Chasson M, Taubman-Ben-Ari O, Abu-Sharkia S. Jewish and Arab pregnant women's psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: the contribution of personal resources. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2021; 26:139-151. [PMID: 32877202 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2020.1815000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study sought to examine the psychological distress of Israeli pregnant women during the worldwide spread of COVID-19. As Israel has a diverse cultural-religious population, the sample included both Jewish and Arab women, allowing us to explore the differences between them. Furthermore, we examined the contribution of personal resources, both internal (self-mastery and resilience) and external (perceived social support), as well as the level of infection-related anxiety to the women's psychological distress. METHOD A convenience sample of 403 Israeli women (233 Jewish and 170 Arab) was recruited through social media. RESULTS Arab women reported significantly higher infection-related anxiety and psychological distress than Jewish women. In addition, Jewish women reported significantly higher self-mastery than Arab pregnant women. Finally, poorer health, being an Arab woman, and lower levels of self-mastery, resilience, and perceived social support, as well as a higher level of infection-related anxiety, contributed significantly to greater psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that pregnant women in general may be at risk of psychological distress in times of crisis, and that minority populations in particular may be at greater risk than others. Moreover, the results highlight the contribution of women's personal and environmental resources in the face of crisis, an understanding that may be used in targeted interventions to reduce distress in vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Chasson
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Taubman-Ben-Ari
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Salam Abu-Sharkia
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li L, Chen Y, Liu Z. Shyness and self-disclosure among college students: the mediating role of psychological security and its gender difference. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
24
|
Zhou X, Yao B. Social support and acute stress symptoms (ASSs) during the COVID-19 outbreak: deciphering the roles of psychological needs and sense of control. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1779494. [PMID: 33062202 PMCID: PMC7534382 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1779494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A cute stress symptoms (ASSs) are likely to be a common mental health problem in the acute period following the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak. To address this risk, substantial social support has been provided to relieve ASSs during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the effectiveness of these support methods for relieving ASSs has not yet been assessed. Objective: The current study sought to examine the underlying mechanisms by which social support relieves ASSs, among primary and secondary school teachers. Method: A sample of 751 primary and secondary school teachers was selected to answer self-reported questionnaires regarding ASSs, social support, psychological needs, and the sense of control. Results: Structural equation modelling revealed that social support had a non-significant direct relationship with ASSs, and a significant indirect relationship with reduced ASSs via the needs for autonomy and relatedness, and via the paths from three types of psychological needs to the sense of control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that social support can play a relieving role in ASSs when the support satisfies individuals' psychological needs and improves their sense of control. To alleviate ASSs among primary and secondary school teachers, more attention should be paid to satisfying their specific psychological needs and improving their sense of control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Institute of China's System Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Benxian Yao
- Department of Psychology, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lowe SR, Bonumwezi JL, Valdespino-Hayden Z, Galea S. Posttraumatic Stress and Depression in the Aftermath of Environmental Disasters: A Review of Quantitative Studies Published in 2018. Curr Environ Health Rep 2020; 6:344-360. [PMID: 31487033 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As interest in the mental health consequences of environmental disasters increases, this review aimed to summarize peer-reviewed studies published in 2018 on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms after such events. RECENT FINDINGS Notable trends in the past year of research included studies focusing on vulnerable populations (e.g., persons with preexisting physical health conditions), assessing the cumulative impact of exposure to multiple disasters, exploring pathway leading to PTSD and depression symptoms, and evaluating the effectiveness of post-disaster interventions. Over 100 articles were identified, focused on 40 disasters that occurred between 1982 and 2017. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0 to 70.51% for PTSD and 1.9 to 59.5% for depression. Consistent predictors of adverse outcomes included female gender, socioeconomic disadvantage, high disaster exposure, and low psychosocial resources. Further research that expands upon recent advances in the literature is critical given the large proportion of the world's population exposed to disasters and the increasing incidence of such events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Lowe
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | | | | | - Sandro Galea
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
School-based psychoeducation and storytelling: Associations with long-term mental health in adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2019; 29:e65. [PMID: 31640825 PMCID: PMC8061163 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796019000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We explored the factors promoting long-term mental health among adolescent survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. We examined the associations of their long-term mental health with disaster-related storytelling and school-based psychoeducation, and of school-based psychoeducation with disaster-related storytelling. METHODS A secondary school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted 6 years after the disaster. Participants with traumatic experiences such as injury, loss, witnessing someone's death/injury and home destruction (N = 1028, mean age 15, standard deviation 1.38, male 51%) were eligible. Mental health/disaster education (MHE/DE) was defined as taking one or more lessons in MHE and/or DE at school since the earthquake. Experiences of storytelling about the disaster involved expressing distressing memories and feelings regarding the earthquake since the disaster happened, according to four groups: never expressed distressing memories and feelings, expressed them through writing/drawing, expressed them through talking to lay supporters and expressed them through talking to health professionals. Analysis of covariance was used to compare mean scores on five selected subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and the Psychotic-Like Experiences (PLEs) scale among the four storytelling groups. Linear regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between MHE/DE and current mental health as measured by the SCL-90, AIS and PLEs. The relationship between education and storytelling was probed by χ2 test. RESULTS The talked-to-lay-supporters group showed better mental health on the SCL-90 (p ⩽ 0.001), AIS (p < 0.001) and PLEs (p = 0.004), while the consulted-health-professionals group showed worse mental health on the three dimensions of the SCL-90: depression (p = 0.05), anxiety (p = 0.02) and fear (p = 0.04), and on PLEs (p = 0.02) compared with the never-expressed group. MHE and DE were inversely associated with SCL-90, AIS and PLE scores. Participants who received these forms of education talked about their disaster experiences to lay supporters more than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS MHE and DE at school may promote adolescents' mental health after a disaster. Experience of storytelling about the disaster to lay supporters may be helpful for long-term psychological recovery, and may be a potential mediating factor for school-based education and better mental health. Because of the cross-sectional nature of this study, causality cannot be inferred; therefore, further prospective intervention studies are needed to elucidate the effect of these factors on adolescent survivors' mental health.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou X, Zhen R, Wu X. How does parental attachment contribute to post-traumatic growth among adolescents following an earthquake? Testing a multiple mediation model. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1605280. [PMID: 31105903 PMCID: PMC6507859 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1605280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of parental attachment on post-traumatic growth (PTG) among adolescents. Nine and a half years after the Wenchuan earthquake, 872 adolescents in China were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. The results showed that parental attachment had a direct association with PTG, two significant one-step indirect associations with PTG (through justice beliefs and cognitive reappraisal), two significant two-step indirect associations (through feelings of safety via justice beliefs and justice beliefs via cognitive reappraisal), and one significant three-step indirect association (through feelings of safety via justice beliefs by cognitive reappraisal). The results indicated that feelings of safety, justice beliefs, and cognitive reappraisal mediated the association between parental attachment and PTG. These findings highlight the importance of a family perspective and may help clinical psychologists to improve adolescents' PTG by helping them to build positive parental attachments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ren P, Qin X, Zhang Y, Zhang R. Is Social Support a Cause or Consequence of Depression? A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1634. [PMID: 30233469 PMCID: PMC6132191 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature has examined the relations between social support and depression. However, the exact nature and direction of these relations are not well understood. This study explored the relations between specific types of social support (peer support and teacher support) and depression. Adolescents (ages 11 to 17) for the first time (N = 2453) participated in a two-wave, 6-month longitudinal study. Structural equation modeling was used to test a social causation model (deficits in social support increase the likelihood of depression), interpersonal theories of depression (depression leads to social erosion), and a reciprocal influence model. Depression influenced peer support significantly and negatively. By contrast, the social causation model was not supported. These results held for males and females. Findings suggested that depression resulted in social support erosion. However, the effect was specific to perceived peer support but not to perceived teacher support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingna Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhen R, Quan L, Zhou X. Co-occurring patterns of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression among flood victims: A latent profile analysis. J Health Psychol 2018; 25:1543-1555. [PMID: 29558825 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318763505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the co-occurring patterns of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. A sample of 187 victims completed self-report questionnaires after a major flood disaster. Results indicated four classes: low symptoms group (49.7%), mild comorbid symptoms group (24.1%), serious comorbid symptoms group (3.2%), and medium comorbid symptoms group (23.0%). Male victims were less likely and older victims were more likely to belong to the medium comorbid symptoms group; victims with more serious trauma exposure and those using more maladaptive cognition emotional regulation strategies were more likely to belong to both the mild and medium comorbid symptoms groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhen
- Beijing Normal University, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
PTSD and depression in adult survivors of flood fury in Kashmir: The payoffs of social support. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:449-455. [PMID: 29353771 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to disasters such as floods predisposes individuals for psychological distress such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. Researchers exploring the association between flood-exposure and psychopathology attempt to understand the conditions and mechanisms through which potential benefits may occur. One such potential factor that may contribute to resilience in the face of disaster is social support system. However, there is scarcity of researches concerning the protective effects of social support following floods, in adult samples. Thus, the present study examined the moderating and indirect effects of perceived social support from family and friends in the association between flood-exposure and symptoms of PTSD and depression. The study was a cross sectional in nature. Survey data were collected from 87 adult survivors of flood fury in Kashmir valley, aged 30-40. High level of family and friends' support reduced the association between flood-exposure and symptoms of PTSD and depression whereas a low level of such support enhanced this association. Results also suggested that family support carried a significant proportion of variance in predicting depression. Given the potential for negative mental health outcomes following natural disasters, efforts to enhance adults' social support may be especially important.
Collapse
|