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Nascimento C, Villela Nunes P, Paraizo Leite RE, Grinberg LT, Suemoto CK, Lafer B. The relationship of neuropsychiatric symptoms with inflammatory markers in the hippocampus and cingulate cortex of bipolar disorder subjects: A post-mortem study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:25-33. [PMID: 38479345 PMCID: PMC11037553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Increased levels of inflammation markers have been found in the peripheral tissue of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), especially during mood episodes. Previous studies found distinctive inflammatory profiles across different brain regions, but potential associations with clinical symptoms are still lacking. This study aims to evaluate the association of neuropsychiatric symptoms with inflammatory markers in the hippocampus and cingulate of individuals with BD. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, cortisol, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate of 14 BD individuals and their non-psychiatric controls. Neuropsychiatric symptoms present in the three months before death were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). In the BD group, greater NPI scores were associated with higher IL-6 in the hippocampus (p = 0.011) and cingulate (p = 0.038) and higher IL-1β (p = 0.039) in the hippocampus. After adjusting for age, sex and CDR, IL-1β and IL-6 were still associated with higher NPI in the hippocampus. In correlation analysis considering both BD and their controls, moderate positive associations were found between NPI and IL-6 and cortisol in the hippocampus (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006) and cingulate (p = 0.024 and p = 0.016), IL-1β (p < 0.001) and IL-17A in the hippocampus (p = 0.002). No difference in inflammatory markers was found according to type of psychotropic medication used. Hence, in individuals with BD, neuropsychiatric symptoms were differently associated with specific inflammatory cytokines and CRP in the hippocampus and cingulate. These results suggest that the neuroinflammatory changes occurring in BD may be more complex than previously expected and could be associated with clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nascimento
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Sao Paulo - School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Discipline of Molecular Biology, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paula Villela Nunes
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Memory and Aging Center University of California, Department of Neurology, San Francisco, USA
| | - Renata Elaine Paraizo Leite
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Memory and Aging Center University of California, Department of Neurology, San Francisco, USA
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Biobank for Aging Studies, LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Cao Y, Sun H, Lizano P, Deng G, Zhou X, Xie H, Mu J, Long X, Xiao H, Liu S, Wu B, Gong Q, Qiu C, Jia Z. Effects of inflammation, childhood adversity, and psychiatric symptoms on brain morphometrical phenotypes in bipolar II depression. Psychol Med 2024; 54:775-784. [PMID: 37671675 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroanatomical alteration in bipolar II depression (BDII-D) and its associations with inflammation, childhood adversity, and psychiatric symptoms are currently unclear. We hypothesize that neuroanatomical deficits will be related to higher inflammation, greater childhood adversity, and worse psychiatric symptoms in BDII-D. METHODS Voxel- and surface-based morphometry was performed using the CAT toolbox in 150 BDII-D patients and 155 healthy controls (HCs). Partial Pearson correlations followed by multiple comparison correction was used to indicate significant relationships between neuroanatomy and inflammation, childhood adversity, and psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS Compared with HCs, the BDII-D group demonstrated significantly smaller gray matter volumes (GMVs) in frontostriatal and fronto-cerebellar area, insula, rectus, and temporal gyrus, while significantly thinner cortices were found in frontal and temporal areas. In BDII-D, smaller GMV in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) was correlated with greater sexual abuse (r = -0.348, q < 0.001) while larger GMV in the right orbital MFG was correlated with greater physical neglect (r = 0.254, q = 0.03). Higher WBC count (r = -0.227, q = 0.015) and IL-6 levels (r = -0.266, q = 0.015) was associated with smaller GMVs in fronto-cerebellar area in BDII-D. Greater positive symptoms was correlated with larger GMVs of the left middle temporal pole (r = 0.245, q = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Neuroanatomical alterations in frontostriatal and fronto-cerebellar area, insula, rectus, temporal gyrus volumes, and frontal-temporal thickness may reflect a core pathophysiological mechanism of BDII-D, which are related to inflammation, trauma, and psychiatric symptoms in BDII-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07743, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huan Sun
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Paulo Lizano
- The Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- The Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gaoju Deng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingshi Mu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xipeng Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongqi Xiao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Baolin Wu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen 361021, P.R. China
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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Chancel R, Lopez-Castroman J, Baca-Garcia E, Mateos Alvarez R, Courtet P, Conejero I. Biomarkers of Bipolar Disorder in Late Life: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:78-103. [PMID: 38470559 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review the current evidence on biomarkers for bipolar disorder in the older adults. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases using the MeSH search terms "Biomarkers", "Bipolar Disorder", "Aged" and and "Aged, 80 and over". Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) the mean age of the study population was 50 years old or older, (2) the study included patients with bipolar disorder, and (3) the study examined one type of biomarkers or more including genetic, neuroimaging, and biochemical biomarkers. Reviews, case reports, studies not in English and studies for which no full text was available were excluded. A total of 26 papers were included in the final analysis. RECENT FINDINGS Genomic markers of bipolar disorder in older adults highlighted the implication of serotonin metabolism, while the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis was dysregulated. Peripheral blood markers were mainly related with low grade inflammation, axonal damage, endothelial dysfunction, and the dysregulation of the HPA axis. Neuroanatomical markers reflected a dysfunction of the frontal cortex, a loss of neurones in the anterior cingulate cortex and a reduction of the hippocampal volume (in patients older than 50 years old). While not necessarily limited to older adults, some of them may be useful for differential diagnosis (neurofilaments), disease staging (homocysteine, BDNF) and the monitoring of treatment outcomes (matrix metalloproteinases). Our review provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on biomarkers for bipolar disorder in the older adults. The identification of biomarkers may aid in the diagnosis, treatment selection, and monitoring of bipolar disorder in older adults, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for this population. Further research is needed to validate and further explore the potential clinical utility of biomarkers in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chancel
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J Lopez-Castroman
- Department of Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes, France
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Carlos III University, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS-INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Baca-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Central de Villalba, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Católica del Maude, Talca, Chile
- CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Mateos Alvarez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Psychogeriatric Unit, CHUS University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ph Courtet
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Conejero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Nîmes, PSNREC, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France.
- Pôle de psychiatrie, CHU Nîmes, Rue du Professeur Robert Debré, 30900, Nîmes, France.
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Long JY, Li B, Ding P, Mei H, Li Y. Correlations between multimodal neuroimaging and peripheral inflammation in different subtypes and mood states of bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Int J Bipolar Disord 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38388844 PMCID: PMC10884387 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-024-00327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation-immune dysregulation and brain abnormalities are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD). However, the connections between peripheral inflammation and the brain, especially the interactions between different BD subtypes and episodes, remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we conducted the present study to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex association between peripheral inflammation and neuroimaging findings in patients with bipolar spectrum disorders. METHODS This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42023447044) and conducted according to the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study Design (PICOS) framework. Online literature databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library) were searched for studies that simultaneously investigated both peripheral inflammation-related factors and magnetic resonance neurography of BD patients up to July 01, 2023. Then, we analysed the correlations between peripheral inflammation and neuroimaging, as well as the variation trends and the shared and specific patterns of these correlations according to different clinical dimensions. RESULTS In total, 34 publications ultimately met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review, with 2993 subjects included. Among all patterns of interaction between peripheral inflammation and neuroimaging, the most common pattern was a positive relationship between elevated inflammation levels and decreased neuroimaging measurements. The brain regions most susceptible to inflammatory activation were the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and posterior cingulate cortex. LIMITATIONS The small sample size, insufficiently explicit categorization of BD subtypes and episodes, and heterogeneity of the research methods limited further implementation of quantitative data synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Disturbed interactions between peripheral inflammation and the brain play a critical role in BD, and these interactions exhibit certain commonalities and differences across various clinical dimensions of BD. Our study further confirmed that the fronto-limbic-striatal system may be the central neural substrate in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Long
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Rd., Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430012, Hubei Province, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pei Ding
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Rd., Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430012, Hubei Province, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, East Lake Rd., Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Rd., Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430012, Hubei Province, China.
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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De Luca SN, Vlahos R. Targeting accelerated pulmonary ageing to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-induced neuropathological comorbidities. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3-20. [PMID: 37828646 PMCID: PMC10952708 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major incurable health burden, ranking as the third leading cause of death worldwide, mainly driven by cigarette smoking. COPD is characterised by persistent airway inflammation, lung function decline and premature ageing with the presence of pulmonary senescent cells. This review proposes that cellular senescence, a state of stable cell cycle arrest linked to ageing, induced by inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD, extends beyond the lungs and affects the systemic circulation. This pulmonary senescent profile will reach other organs via extracellular vesicles contributing to brain inflammation and damage, and increasing the risk of neurological comorbidities, such as stroke, cerebral small vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease. The review explores the role of cellular senescence in COPD-associated brain conditions and investigates the relationship between cellular senescence and circadian rhythm in COPD. Additionally, it discusses potential therapies, including senomorphic and senolytic treatments, as novel strategies to halt or improve the progression of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone N. De Luca
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health & Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health & Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Okada N, Fukunaga M, Miura K, Nemoto K, Matsumoto J, Hashimoto N, Kiyota M, Morita K, Koshiyama D, Ohi K, Takahashi T, Koeda M, Yamamori H, Fujimoto M, Yasuda Y, Hasegawa N, Narita H, Yokoyama S, Mishima R, Kawashima T, Kobayashi Y, Sasabayashi D, Harada K, Yamamoto M, Hirano Y, Itahashi T, Nakataki M, Hashimoto RI, Tha KK, Koike S, Matsubara T, Okada G, van Erp TGM, Jahanshad N, Yoshimura R, Abe O, Onitsuka T, Watanabe Y, Matsuo K, Yamasue H, Okamoto Y, Suzuki M, Turner JA, Thompson PM, Ozaki N, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Subcortical volumetric alterations in four major psychiatric disorders: a mega-analysis study of 5604 subjects and a volumetric data-driven approach for classification. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5206-5216. [PMID: 37537281 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult in practical psychiatric settings, in terms of using the current diagnostic system based on presenting symptoms and signs. The creation of a novel diagnostic system using objective biomarkers is expected to take place. Neuroimaging studies and others reported that subcortical brain structures are the hubs for various psycho-behavioral functions, while there are so far no neuroimaging data-driven clinical criteria overcoming limitations of the current diagnostic system, which would reflect cognitive/social functioning. Prior to the main analysis, we conducted a large-scale multisite study of subcortical volumetric and lateralization alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder using T1-weighted images of 5604 subjects (3078 controls and 2526 patients). We demonstrated larger lateral ventricles volume in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, smaller hippocampus volume in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia-specific smaller amygdala, thalamus, and accumbens volumes and larger caudate, putamen, and pallidum volumes. In addition, we observed a leftward alteration of lateralization for pallidum volume specifically in schizophrenia. Moreover, as our main objective, we clustered the 5,604 subjects based on subcortical volumes, and explored whether data-driven clustering results can explain cognitive/social functioning in the subcohorts. We showed a four-biotype classification, namely extremely (Brain Biotype [BB] 1) and moderately smaller limbic regions (BB2), larger basal ganglia (BB3), and normal volumes (BB4), being associated with cognitive/social functioning. Specifically, BB1 and BB2-3 were associated with severe and mild cognitive/social impairment, respectively, while BB4 was characterized by normal cognitive/social functioning. Our results may lead to the future creation of novel biological data-driven psychiatric diagnostic criteria, which may be expected to be useful for prediction or therapeutic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiyota
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michihiko Koeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narita
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryo Mishima
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kawashima
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Harada
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Maeri Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Itahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Nakataki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryu-Ichiro Hashimoto
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Khin K Tha
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsubara
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Go Okada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okamoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
- Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Petruso F, Giff A, Milano B, De Rossi M, Saccaro L. Inflammation and emotion regulation: a narrative review of evidence and mechanisms in emotion dysregulation disorders. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220077. [PMID: 38026703 PMCID: PMC10653990 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation (ED) describes a difficulty with the modulation of which emotions are felt, as well as when and how these emotions are experienced or expressed. It is a focal overarching symptom in many severe and prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases, including bipolar disorders (BD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). In all these disorders, ED can manifest through symptoms of depression, anxiety, or affective lability. Considering the many symptomatic similarities between BD, ADHD, and BPD, a transdiagnostic approach is a promising lens of investigation. Mounting evidence supports the role of peripheral inflammatory markers and stress in the multifactorial aetiology and physiopathology of BD, ADHD, and BPD. Of note, neural circuits that regulate emotions appear particularly vulnerable to inflammatory insults and peripheral inflammation, which can impact the neuroimmune milieu of the central nervous system. Thus far, few studies have examined the link between ED and inflammation in BD, ADHD, and BPD. To our knowledge, no specific work has provided a critical comparison of the results from these disorders. To fill this gap in the literature, we review the known associations and mechanisms linking ED and inflammation in general, and clinically, in BD, ADHD, and BD. Our narrative review begins with an examination of the routes linking ED and inflammation, followed by a discussion of disorder-specific results accounting for methodological limitations and relevant confounding factors. Finally, we critically discuss both correspondences and discrepancies in the results and comment on potential vulnerability markers and promising therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis E. Giff
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice A. Milano
- Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Francesco Saccaro
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
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8
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Paolini M, Harrington Y, Raffaelli L, Poletti S, Zanardi R, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and antidepressant treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder: Effect of sex and hippocampal volume. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 76:52-60. [PMID: 37544076 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Several factors may affect response to treatment in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) including immune/inflammatory alterations and regional brain volumes, particularly in hippocampal regions which have shown to be influenced by inflammatory status. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory marker found to be elevated in depressed women in large population studies. Here we investigate the effect of NLR on treatment response in MDD patients, and the role of sex and hippocampal volume on influencing this relationship. A sample of 124 MDD depressed inpatients (F = 80) underwent MRI acquisition, admission NLR was calculated by dividing absolute neutrophil by absolute lymphocyte counts and depression severity was assessed at admission and discharge via the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). As a measure of treatment response, delta HDRS was calculated. We found a significant moderation effect of sex on the relationship between NLR and Delta HDRS: a negative relation was found in females and a positive one in males. NLR was found to negatively affect hippocampal volumes in females. Both left and right hippocampal volume positively associated with Delta HDRS. Finally, left hippocampal volume mediated the effect of NLR on Delta HDRS in females. Sex moderated the relation between inflammation and treatment response in line with previous reports linking inflammation to hampered antidepressant effect in females. Further, this effect is partially mediated by hippocampal volume, suggesting that antidepressant response may be hampered by the detrimental effect of inflammation on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Yasmin Harrington
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
| | - Laura Raffaelli
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zanardi
- Mood Disorders Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Mood Disorders Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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9
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Melloni EMT, Paolini M, Dallaspezia S, Lorenzi C, Poletti S, d'Orsi G, Yoshiike T, Zanardi R, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Melatonin secretion patterns are associated with cognitive vulnerability and brain structure in bipolar depression. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1279-1290. [PMID: 37781880 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2262572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disruption is a core symptom of bipolar disorder (BD), also reflected in altered patterns of melatonin release. Reductions of grey matter (GM) volumes are well documented in BD. We hypothesized that levels and timing of melatonin secretion in bipolar depression could be associated with depressive psychopathology and brain GM integrity. The onset of melatonin secretion under dim light conditions (DLMO) and the amount of time between DLMO and midsleep (i.e. phase angle difference; PAD) were used as circadian rhythm markers. To study the time course of melatonin secretion, an exponential curve fitting the melatonin values was calculated, and the slope coefficients (SLP) were obtained for each participant. Significant differences were found between HC and BD in PAD measures and melatonin profiles. Correlations between PAD and depressive psychopathology were identified. Melatonin secretion patterns were found to be associated with GM volumes in the Striatum and Supramarginal Gyrus in BD. Our findings emphasized the role of melatonin secretion role as a biological marker of circadian synchronization in bipolar depression and provided a novel insight for a link between melatonin release and brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M T Melloni
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Paolini
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Dallaspezia
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Lorenzi
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Greta d'Orsi
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Takuya Yoshiike
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Raffaella Zanardi
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Mood Disorder Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Mood Disorder Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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10
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De Simone G, Mazza B, Vellucci L, Barone A, Ciccarelli M, de Bartolomeis A. Schizophrenia Synaptic Pathology and Antipsychotic Treatment in the Framework of Oxidative and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Translational Highlights for the Clinics and Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040975. [PMID: 37107350 PMCID: PMC10135787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a worldwide mental illness characterized by alterations at dopaminergic and glutamatergic synapses resulting in global dysconnectivity within and between brain networks. Impairments in inflammatory processes, mitochondrial functions, energy expenditure, and oxidative stress have been extensively associated with schizophrenia pathophysiology. Antipsychotics, the mainstay of schizophrenia pharmacological treatment and all sharing the common feature of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy, may affect antioxidant pathways as well as mitochondrial protein levels and gene expression. Here, we systematically reviewed the available evidence on antioxidants' mechanisms in antipsychotic action and the impact of first- and second-generation compounds on mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress. We further focused on clinical trials addressing the efficacy and tolerability of antioxidants as an augmentation strategy of antipsychotic treatment. EMBASE, Scopus, and Medline/PubMed databases were interrogated. The selection process was conducted in respect of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Several mitochondrial proteins involved in cell viability, energy metabolism, and regulation of oxidative systems were reported to be significantly modified by antipsychotic treatment with differences between first- and second-generation drugs. Finally, antioxidants may affect cognitive and psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, and although the evidence is only preliminary, the results indicate that further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Simone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazza
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Ciccarelli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
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11
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Structural and Functional Brain Changes in Acute Takotsubo Syndrome. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023; 11:307-317. [PMID: 36752489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Takotsubo syndrome mimics an acute myocardial infarction, typically in the aftermath of mental or physical stress. OBJECTIVES The mechanism by which emotional processing in the context of stress leads to significant cardiac injury is poorly understood, so a full exploration of brain structure and function in takotsubo syndrome patients merits investigation. METHODS Twenty-five acute (<5 days) takotsubo patients and 25 control subjects were recruited into this observational cross-sectional study. Surface-based morphometry was carried out on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans to extract cortical morphology based on volume, thickness, and surface area with the use of Freesurfer. Cortical morphology general linear models were corrected for age, sex, photoperiod, and total brain volume. Resting-state functional MRI and diffusion tensor tractography images were preprocessed and analyzed with the use of the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Diffusion Toolbox and Functional Connectivity Toolbox. RESULTS There was significantly smaller total white matter and subcortical gray matter volumes in takotsubo (P < 0.001), with smaller total brain surface area but increased total cortical thickness (both P < 0.001). Individual gray matter regions (hippocampus and others) were significantly smaller in takotsubo (P < 0.001); only thalamus and insula were larger (P < 0.001). There was significant hyperfunctional and hypofunctional connectivity in multiple areas, including thalamus-amygdala-insula and basal ganglia (P < 0.05). All structural tractography connections were increased in takotsubo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The authors showed smaller gray and white matter volumes driven by smaller cortical surface area, but increased cortical thickness and structural tractography connections with bidirectional changes in functional connectivity linked to emotion, language, reasoning, perception, and autonomic control. These are interventional targets in takotsubo patients' rehabilitation.
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12
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The differences in serum C1q levels between first-episode patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. J Psychosom Res 2022; 162:111042. [PMID: 36156342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at exploring the changes of serum complement C1q levels in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) using a cross-sectional design, and the differences between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and BD. Moreover, the correlation between complement C1q and bech-rafaelsdn mania rating scales (BRMS) in patients with MDD and BD was assessed. METHODS Serum complement C1q levels were measured by ADVIA 2400 biochemical analyser in 104 patients with MDD, 71 patients with BD type I and 42 patients with BD type II diagnosed by Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental Disorder 5 (DSM-5). Then simple and multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted between the level of serum C1q and BRMS among patients with BD. RESULTS The serum complement C1q levels were higher in BD type I than BD type II (P < 0.001); Serum complement C1q levels were higher in MDD than BD type II (P < 0.001). We discovered that there was a positive correlation relationship between serum complement C1q levels and BRMS in BD type I (r = 0.756, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We confirmed that serum complement C1q levels were higher in patients with BD type II than in MDD patients. These current results support the view that the complement C1q may play an important role in the pathophysiology of BD. Serum complement C1q was strongly associated with BD and is worth investigating in future studies.
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13
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Peripheral inflammatory markers associated with brain volume reduction in patients with bipolar I disorder. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2022; 34:191-200. [PMID: 34924065 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2021.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation and brain structural abnormalities are found in bipolar disorder (BD). Elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines have been detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with BD. This study investigated the association between peripheral inflammatory markers and brain subregion volumes in BD patients. METHODS Euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I) aged 20-45 years underwent whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging. Plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (also known as YKL-40), fractalkine (FKN), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNF-R1), interleukin-1β, and transforming growth factor-β1 were measured on the day of neuroimaging. Clinical data were obtained from medical records and interviewing patients and reliable others. RESULTS We recruited 31 patients with a mean age of 29.5 years. In multivariate regression analysis, plasma level YKL-40, a chemokine, was the most common inflammatory marker among these measurements displaying significantly negative association with the volume of various brain subareas across the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Higher YKL-40 and sTNF-R1 levels were both significantly associated with lower volumes of the left anterior cingulum, left frontal lobe, right superior temporal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. A greater number of total lifetime mood episodes were also associated with smaller volumes of the right caudate nucleus and bilateral frontal lobes. CONCLUSIONS The volume of brain regions known to be relevant to BD-I may be diminished in relation to higher plasma level of YKL-40, sTNF-R1, and more lifetime mood episodes. Macrophage and macrophage-like cells may be involved in brain volume reduction among BD-I patients.
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14
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Micarelli A, Mrakic-Sposta S, Micarelli B, Malacrida S, Misici I, Carbini V, Iennaco I, Caputo S, Vezzoli A, Alessandrini M. Smell Impairment in Stage I-II Obesity: Correlation with Biochemical Regulators and Clinical Aspects. Laryngoscope 2022; 132:2028-2035. [PMID: 35906890 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the differences in olfactory sensitivity, nutritional habits, levels of modulators of feeding and smell, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measures and metabolic assays between two groups of participants with stage I and II obesity and reciprocal relationships between these parameters. METHODS Eighteen participants with stage I (11 female; mean age = 54.3 ± 13.1 years) and 20 participants with stage II (10 female; mean age = 54.5 ± 11.9) obesity underwent a food frequency questionnaire and Sniffin' Sticks® test battery, anthropometric parameters, and BIA measurements as well as metabolic assays (including plasma levels of leptin, insulin, ghrelin, glucose, insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1] and usual laboratory parameters). RESULTS The stage II obesity participants demonstrated significant higher levels of insulin and leptin and lower levels of ghrelin and IGF-1, a reduction in odor identification (OI) and in total olfactory score, and an increase in visceral and total fat percentage. Among a mosaic of multiple correlations, ghrelin was found to positively correlate with OI and leptin negatively with odor discrimination. CONCLUSION The present study expands the notions positing the olfactory perception - and its connections with metabolic cues, foods habits and BIA measures - changes across the two most important obesity stages. This could ameliorate clinical and research deepening of obesity-related olfactory behavior with possible consequences on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of onset and development of obesity, thus opening possible future strategies involving multidisciplinary contributions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3 Laryngoscope, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Micarelli
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, UNITER ONLUS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Micarelli
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, UNITER ONLUS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Malacrida
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Misici
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, UNITER ONLUS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Carbini
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, UNITER ONLUS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iennaco
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, UNITER ONLUS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine - ENT Unit, Rome, Italy
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15
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Catalytic Antibodies in Bipolar Disorder: Serum IgGs Hydrolyze Myelin Basic Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137397. [PMID: 35806400 PMCID: PMC9267049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of bipolar affective disorder is associated with immunological imbalances, a general pro-inflammatory status, neuroinflammation, and impaired white matter integrity. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of the major proteins in the myelin sheath of brain oligodendrocytes. For the first time, we have shown that IgGs isolated from sera of bipolar patients can effectively hydrolyze human myelin basic protein (MBP), unlike other test proteins. Several stringent criteria were applied to assign the studied activity to serum IgG. The level of MBP-hydrolyzing activity of IgG from patients with bipolar disorder was statistically significantly 1.6-folds higher than that of healthy individuals. This article presents a detailed characterization of the catalytic properties of MBP-hydrolyzing antibodies in bipolar disorder, including the substrate specificity, inhibitory analysis, pH dependence of hydrolysis, and kinetic parameters of IgG-dependent MBP hydrolysis, providing the heterogeneity of polyclonal MBP-hydrolyzing IgGs and their difference from canonical proteases. The ability of serum IgG to hydrolyze MBP in bipolar disorder may become an additional link between the processes of myelin damage and inflammation.
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16
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Hsu CH, Hsu JL, Tsai SY. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness associated with specific brain region volumes in bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 146:98-100. [PMID: 35383892 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuang- Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Department of Neurology, New Taipei Municipal Tu-Cheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine and Research Center for Brain and Consciousness, College of Humanities And Social Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ying Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kim JM, Heo HJ. The roles of catechins in regulation of systemic inflammation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:957-970. [PMID: 35345441 PMCID: PMC8943496 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins are a phytochemical present in plants such as tea leaves, beans, black grapes, cherries, and cacao, and have various physiological activities. It is reported that catechins have a health improvement effect and ameliorating effect against various diseases. In addition, antioxidant activity, liver damage prevention, cholesterol lowering effect, and anti-obesity activity were confirmed through in vivo animal and clinical studies. Although most diseases are reported as ones mediating various inflammations, the mechanism for improving inflammation remains unclear. Therefore, the current review article evaluates the physiological activity and various pharmacological actions of catechins and conclude by confirming an improvement effect on the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
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A pilot exploration of multi-omics research of gut microbiome in major depressive disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:8. [PMID: 35013099 PMCID: PMC8748871 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains obscure. Recently, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis's role in MDD has an increasing attention. However, the specific mechanism of the multi-level effects of gut microbiota on host metabolism, immunity, and brain structure is unclear. Multi-omics approaches based on the analysis of different body fluids and tissues using a variety of analytical platforms have the potential to provide a deeper understanding of MGB axis disorders. Therefore, the data of metagenomics, metabolomic, inflammatory factors, and MRI scanning are collected from the two groups including 24 drug-naïve MDD patients and 26 healthy controls (HCs). Then, the correlation analysis is performed in all omics. The results confirmed that there are many markedly altered differences, such as elevated Actinobacteria abundance, plasma IL-1β concentration, lipid, vitamin, and carbohydrate metabolism disorder, and diminished grey matter volume (GMV) of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the MDD patients. Notably, three kinds of discriminative bacteria, Ruminococcus bromii, Lactococcus chungangensis, and Streptococcus gallolyticus have an extensive correlation with metabolome, immunology, GMV, and clinical symptoms. All three microbiota are closely related to IL-1β and lipids (as an example, phosphoethanolamine (PEA)). Besides, Lactococcus chungangensis is negatively related to the GMV of left IFG. Overall, this study demonstrate that the effects of gut microbiome exert in MDD is multifactorial.
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Lu S, Wu C, Jia L, Fang Z, Lu J, Mou T, Hu S, He H, Huang M, Xu Y. Increased plasma levels of IL-6 are associated with striatal structural atrophy in major depressive disorder patients with anhedonia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1016735. [PMID: 36405925 PMCID: PMC9669641 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1016735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia, as the core endophenotype of major depressive disorder (MDD), is closely related to poor prognosis, but the mechanism of this feature remains to be understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory factors and brain structural alterations in MDD patients with anhedonia and evaluate the relationship between these factors. METHODS We assessed the plasma levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in MDD patients with anhedonia (n = 22), MDD patients without anhedonia (n = 20), and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 20) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. All participants underwent high-resolution brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to evaluate their gray matter volume (GMV). We compared inflammatory factors and GMV among the three groups and explored their relationships in MDD patients with anhedonia. RESULTS Compared with those of HCs, plasma levels of IL-1β were increased in patients with MDD independent of anhedonia features, while plasma levels of IL-6 were elevated in MDD patients with anhedonia only. Meanwhile, MDD patients with anhedonia exhibited reduced GMV in the left striatal structures compared to MDD patients without anhedonia and HCs. Moreover, a significant association was observed between increased plasma levels of IL-6 and decreased GMV of the left putamen in MDD patients with anhedonia. CONCLUSIONS The present research outcomes suggest that anhedonia is associated with increased plasma levels of IL-6 and decreased GMV in the left striatal structures. In addition, this study demonstrates that GMV loss in the left putamen is related to increased plasma levels of IL-6 in MDD with anhedonia, which provides further insights into the possible mechanisms of anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojia Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congchong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China.,Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Jia
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Psychology, The Fifth Peoples' Hospital of Lin'an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China.,Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Mou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjian He
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Dobric A, De Luca SN, Spencer SJ, Bozinovski S, Saling MM, McDonald CF, Vlahos R. Novel pharmacological strategies to treat cognitive dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108017. [PMID: 34626675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major incurable global health burden and currently the 3rd largest cause of death in the world, with approximately 3.23 million deaths per year. Globally, the financial burden of COPD is approximately €82 billion per year and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Importantly, much of the disease burden and health care utilisation in COPD is associated with the management of its comorbidities and viral and bacterial-induced acute exacerbations (AECOPD). Recent clinical studies have shown that cognitive dysfunction is present in up to 60% of people with COPD, with impairments in executive function, memory, and attention, impacting on important outcomes such as quality of life, hospitalisation and survival. The high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in COPD may also help explain the insufficient adherence to therapeutic plans and strategies, thus worsening disease progression in people with COPD. However, the mechanisms underlying the impaired neuropathology and cognition in COPD remain largely unknown. In this review, we propose that the observed pulmonary oxidative burden and inflammatory response of people with COPD 'spills over' into the systemic circulation, resulting in damage to the brain and leading to cognitive dysfunction. As such, drugs targeting the lungs and comorbidities concurrently represent an exciting and unique therapeutic opportunity to treat COPD and cognitive impairments, which may lead to the production of novel targets to prevent and reverse the debilitating and life-threatening effects of cognitive dysfunction in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Dobric
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone N De Luca
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael M Saling
- Clinical Neuropsychology, The University of Melbourne and Austin Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine F McDonald
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, The University of Melbourne and Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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21
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Rodrigues RS, Paulo SL, Moreira JB, Tanqueiro SR, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ, Xapelli S. Adult Neural Stem Cells as Promising Targets in Psychiatric Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 29:1099-1117. [PMID: 32723008 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapies for psychiatric disorders is of utmost importance, given the enormous toll these disorders pose to society nowadays. This should be based on the identification of neural substrates and mechanisms that underlie disease etiopathophysiology. Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) have been emerging as a promising platform to counteract brain damage. In this perspective article, we put forth a detailed view of how NSCs operate in the adult brain and influence brain homeostasis, having profound implications at both behavioral and functional levels. We appraise evidence suggesting that adult NSCs play important roles in regulating several forms of brain plasticity, particularly emotional and cognitive flexibility, and that NSC dynamics are altered upon brain pathology. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic value of utilizing adult endogenous NSCs as vessels for regeneration, highlighting their importance as targets for the treatment of multiple mental illnesses, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia, and addiction. Finally, we speculate on strategies to surpass current challenges in neuropsychiatric disease modeling and brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João B Moreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara R Tanqueiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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22
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The magnitude and variability of brain structural alterations in bipolar disorder: A double meta-analysis of 5534 patients and 6651 healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2021; 291:171-176. [PMID: 34038834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is thought to be associated with structural brain alterations, but findings have been inconsistent. Our double meta-analysis investigated the variability and magnitude of differences in regional brain volumes in patients with bipolar disorder relative to healthy volunteers. METHODS Databases were systematically searched for MRI studies reporting regional brain volumetric measures in patients with bipolar disorder and controls. The primary outcome measures were variability ratio (VR), coefficient of variability ratio (CVR) and Hedge's g. RESULTS 118 studies comprising 5534 patients and 6651 controls were included. The variability meta-analysis showed higher variability in amygdala (VR, 1.14; P = .02; CVR, 1.25; P = .005) and hippocampal (VR, 1.16; P = .001; CVR, 1.22; P = <.001) volumes in patients relative to controls. The meta-analysis of volume differences showed higher lateral (g, -0.43; P = <.0001) and third ventricle (g, -0.22; P = .01) volumes in patients; and lower hippocampus (g, 0.41; P = .001), grey matter (g, 0.25; P = .001), white matter (g, 0.23; P = .0002) and total brain volumes (g, 0.20; P = .003) in patients relative to controls. A higher proportion of male subjects was associated with decreased mean volumes of the amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus and increased lateral ventricle volumes. LIMITATIONS There was significant publication bias and between-study inconsistency for several brain regions. CONCLUSIONS Bipolar disorder is associated with generalised alterations in white and grey matter brain volumes, particularly marked in the hippocampus volumes, which were smaller but showed greater variability in volumes relative to controls. This suggests that heterogeneity in neurobiological processes involving the hippocampus contribute to clinical heterogeneity in the disorder, and this may be more marked in males than females.
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23
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Doney E, Cadoret A, Dion-Albert L, Lebel M, Menard C. Inflammation-driven brain and gut barrier dysfunction in stress and mood disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2851-2894. [PMID: 33876886 PMCID: PMC9290537 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of emotions is generally associated exclusively with the brain. However, there is evidence that peripheral systems are also involved in mood, stress vulnerability vs. resilience, and emotion‐related memory encoding. Prevalence of stress and mood disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and post‐traumatic stress disorder is increasing in our modern societies. Unfortunately, 30%–50% of individuals respond poorly to currently available treatments highlighting the need to further investigate emotion‐related biology to gain mechanistic insights that could lead to innovative therapies. Here, we provide an overview of inflammation‐related mechanisms involved in mood regulation and stress responses discovered using animal models. If clinical studies are available, we discuss translational value of these findings including limitations. Neuroimmune mechanisms of depression and maladaptive stress responses have been receiving increasing attention, and thus, the first part is centered on inflammation and dysregulation of brain and circulating cytokines in stress and mood disorders. Next, recent studies supporting a role for inflammation‐driven leakiness of the blood–brain and gut barriers in emotion regulation and mood are highlighted. Stress‐induced exacerbated inflammation fragilizes these barriers which become hyperpermeable through loss of integrity and altered biology. At the gut level, this could be associated with dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial communities, and alteration of the gut–brain axis which is central to production of mood‐related neurotransmitter serotonin. Novel therapeutic approaches such as anti‐inflammatory drugs, the fast‐acting antidepressant ketamine, and probiotics could directly act on the mechanisms described here improving mood disorder‐associated symptomatology. Discovery of biomarkers has been a challenging quest in psychiatry, and we end by listing promising targets worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Doney
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Alice Cadoret
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
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24
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Strenn N, Pålsson E, Liberg B, Landén M, Ekman A. Influence of genetic variations in IL1B on brain region volumes in bipolar patients and controls. Psychiatry Res 2021; 296:113606. [PMID: 33348197 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of the immune system has been implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of mood disorders, including bipolar disorder. Neuroimaging studies have reported structural brain pathology in bipolar disorder patients, and both levels of and genetic variants in cytokines have been associated with altered volumes of brain regions. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene coding for the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) and whole brain grey matter volume, as well as volumes of several brain regions shown to be of importance in mood disorders. Structural magnetic resonance imaging and vertex-based morphometry were used to obtain volume of different brain regions in subjects with bipolar disorder (n=188) and healthy controls (n=54). Four IL1B polymorphisms were genotyped: rs1143623, rs1143627, and rs16944 in the promoter region together with the synonymous variant rs1143634 in the IL1B gene. The genotype distribution did not differ between bipolar subjects and controls. The T allele at rs16944 and the C allele at rs1143627 were associated with increased volumes of the putamen of the left hemisphere in patients and controls, which lends support to the role of this immune system mediator for brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Strenn
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Erik Pålsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benny Liberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Ekman
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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25
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The number of studies investigating inflammatory biomarkers in bipolar disorder has increased significantly in recent years. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are inexpensive and easy to obtain values used to measure the level of inflammation. This study compared the NLR, PLR, and MLR values in the manic and euthymic phases of the same patients. METHODS Patients who met the inclusion criteria and were hospitalized due to bipolar affective disorder manic episodes at the Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine inpatient psychiatry clinic between 01.01.2013 and 01.01.2019 were enrolled in the study. One hundred thirteen patients undergoing manic episodes were included. White blood cells, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, and monocyte counts were retrospectively recorded from complete blood count data collected during the hospital stay, and NLR, PLR, and MLR values were calculated from these. RESULTS Neutrophil, platelet, and monocyte counts, as well as NLR, PLR, and MLR values were higher in the manic episodes of bipolar disorder compared to the control group. Decreased neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, and decreased NLR, PLR, and MLR were observed in the remission period after-treatment of the manic bipolar disorder episodes. In the euthymic phase of bipolar disorder, however, platelet and monocyte counts and MLR were higher than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that NLR and PLR may be used as state markers and that MLR may be used as a trait marker in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Özdin
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Miraç Barış Usta
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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26
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Poessel M, Breuer N, Joshi A, Pampel A, Villringer A, Hummel T, Horstmann A. Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume in Obesity and Its Relation to Metabolic Health Status. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:586998. [PMID: 33328935 PMCID: PMC7729134 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.586998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smell perception plays an important role in eating behavior and might be involved in body weight gain. Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate neuroanatomical correlates of this phenomenon. We assessed olfactory bulb (OB) volume with magnetic resonance imaging in 67 healthy participants with a body mass index (BMI) from 18.9 to 45.4 kg/m2 (mean = 28.58 ± 6.64). Moreover, we obtained psychophysiological data on olfactory ability (Sniffin' Sticks, Food associated odor test) and self-report measurements on eating behavior. Additionally, we collected parameters associated with metabolic health in obesity (waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, leptin levels, body fat percentage, fat mass index, insulin resistance) to investigate recently proposed mechanistic explanatory models of why olfaction may be altered in obesity. We showed that OB volume was significantly lower in participants with obesity when compared to those of normal weight. Moreover, we found weak to moderate negative correlations between OB volume and BMI and related measures of metabolic health, especially leptin, body fat percentage, waist-height ratio and insulin resistance. However, neither OB volume nor BMI were related to olfactory function in our young and healthy sample. Nevertheless, our results provide first indications that obesity is associated with brain anatomical changes in the OBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Poessel
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Breuer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Akshita Joshi
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany
| | - André Pampel
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Mind Brain Body Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, German
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School on the Life Course, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School on the Neuroscience of Communication, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Collaborative Research Council (CRC) 1052A5 ‘Obesity Mechanisms’, Leipzig, Germany
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27
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Nascimento C, Nunes PV, Suemoto CK, Rodriguez RD, Leite REP, Grinberg LT, Pasqualucci CA, Nitrini R, Jacob-Filho W, Brentani HP, Lafer B. Differential levels of inflammatory and neuroendocrine markers in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex of bipolar disorder subjects: A post-mortem study. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:286-293. [PMID: 32949690 PMCID: PMC8549680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nascimento
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paula Villela Nunes
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Biobank for Aging Studies, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Biobank for Aging Studies, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil,Memory and Aging Center University of California, Department of Neurology, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Biobank for Aging Studies, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob-Filho
- Biobank for Aging Studies, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Paula Brentani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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28
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Tsai SY, Shen RS, Kuo CJ, Chen PH, Chung KH, Hsiao CY, Huang SH. The association between carotid atherosclerosis and treatment with lithium and antipsychotics in patients with bipolar disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:1125-1134. [PMID: 32900219 DOI: 10.1177/0004867420952551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with bipolar disorder are at high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Among cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of premature death and both share the pathogenesis of arterial atherosclerosis. Increased carotid intima-media thickness is sensitive for detecting early atherosclerosis and a practical index for predicting cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies investigated carotid intima-media thickness in adults with bipolar disorder. We attempted to determine the factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness in adults with bipolar disorder. METHODS The euthymic out-patients with bipolar I disorder aged over 20 years were recruited to measure the carotid intima-media thickness value through B-mode carotid ultrasound. Those with any psychiatric disorder, acute or life-threatening medical condition were excluded. All clinical information was obtained by reviewing medical records and directly interviewing patients with reliable others. RESULTS Of the 106 participants with a mean age of 44.5 years, 40.6% (N = 43) had concurrent cardiovascular/endocrine/metabolic diseases. A multivariate regression indicated that higher assumed daily lithium dosage was significantly associated with a decreased carotid intima-media thickness in the whole sample. In the young subgroup (⩽45 years old, N = 63), higher current daily lithium dosage and lower body mass index were associated with lower carotid intima-media thickness. In those without concurrent cardiovascular/endocrine/metabolic diseases, higher ratio of first-generation antipsychotics exposure in relation to illness chronicity was associated with higher carotid intima-media thickness, after controlling for body mass index or age. CONCLUSION Lithium treatment may be associated with less progression in carotid intima-media thickness and the reduced risk for atherosclerosis in adults with bipolar disorder, including those with high cardiovascular disease risk. In addition to age and body mass index, antipsychotics may increase carotid intima-media thickness even in the low cardiovascular disease-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ying Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Siang Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jue Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Hsiao
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Hung Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Increased Proinflammatory Cytokines, Executive Dysfunction, and Reduced Gray Matter Volumes In First-Episode Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:825-831. [PMID: 32664021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The association between systemic inflammation, executive dysfunction, and gray matter (GM) volume difference in first-episode affective disorders, including bipolar and major depressive disorders, is unclear. METHODS Twenty-two patients with first-episode bipolar disorder, 22 age- and sex-matched patients with first-episode major depressive disorder, and 22 matched controls were enrolled in our study; all patients underwent comprehensive assessments, including clinical assessment, executive function examination (Wisconsin card sorting test [WCST]), proinflammatory cytokine receptors (soluble interleukin-6 receptor and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 [TNFR1]), and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to analyze the GM volume difference between bipolar and major depressive disorders. RESULTS Patients with bipolar disorder were more likely to exhibit higher levels of TNFR1 (P = .038), more number of deficits in WCST (P < .05), and smaller GM volume in the middle frontal cortex (uncorrected voxel level P < .001) compared with those with major depressive disorder and healthy controls. Positive associations were observed between the middle frontal cortex volume, executive function, and the TNFR1 level. DISCUSSION GM volume reduction in the middle frontal cortex, a greater level of systemic inflammation, and executive dysfunction were observed in first-episode affective disorders, especially bipolar disorder. A positive correlation between middle frontal cortex volume, executive function, and the TNFR1 level may indicate a divergent effect of brain and systemic inflammation functioning in the early phase (first episode) of affective disorder.
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Tsai SY, Sajatovic M, Hsu JL, Chung KH, Chen PH, Huang YJ. Body mass index, residual psychotic symptoms, and inflammation associated with brain volume reduction in older patients with schizophrenia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:728-736. [PMID: 32128879 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity, aging, and pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) may collectively contribute to the gray matter loss in brain regions of SCZ. We attempted to examine the association between volumes of specific brain regions, body mass index (BMI), inflammatory markers, and clinical features in older SCZ patients. METHOD Clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV) aged ≥50 years were recruited to undergo whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging. We measured patients' plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1, soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Clinical data were obtained from medical records and interviewing patients along with their reliable others. RESULTS There were 32 patients with mean age 58.8 years in this study. Multivariate regression analysis found only higher BMI significantly associated with lower volume of total gray matter, bilateral orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortexes, and the right hippocampal and frontal cortexes. Increased intensity of residual symptoms (higher Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores) was related to lower volumes of frontal lobe, prefrontal cortex, insula, hippocampus, left hemisphere amygdala, and total white matter. The lower volume of left anterior cingulum was associated with older age and higher sIL-2R plasma level; and higher IL-1Ra level was associated with greater right anterior cingulate volume. Older age at illness onset was significantly associated with the smaller right insula volume. CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI, more residual symptoms, and inflammatory activity in IL-2 and IL-1 systems may play a role in gray matter loss in various brain regions of schizophrenia across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ying Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martha Sajatovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ciftci E, Karacay R, Caglayan A, Altunay S, Ates N, Altintas MO, Doeppner TR, Yulug B, Kilic E. Neuroprotective effect of lithium in cold- induced traumatic brain injury in mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 392:112719. [PMID: 32479849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its well-established therapeutic activity on bipolar disorder and depression, lithium exerts neuroprotective activity upon neurodegenerative disorders, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the cellular signaling mechanisms mediating lithium's neuroprotective activity and long-term dose- and time-dependent effects on close and remote proximity are largely unknown. Herein, we tested prophylactic and acute effects of lithium (2 mmol/kg) after cold- induced TBI. In both conditions, treatments with lithium resulted in reduced infarct volume and apoptosis. Its acute treatment resulted in the increase of Akt, ERK-1/2 and GSK-3 α/β phosphoylations. Interestingly, its prophylactic treatment instead resulted in decreased phosphorylations of Akt, ERK-1/2, p38, JNK-1 moderately and GSK-3 α/β significantly. Then, we tested subacute (35-day follow-up) role of low (0.2 mmol/kg) and high dose (2 mmol/kg) lithium and revealed that high dose lithium group was the most mobile so the least depressed in the tail suspension test. Anxiety level was assessed by light-dark test, all groups' anxiety levels were decreased with time, but lithium had no effect on anxiety like behavior. When subacute effects of injury and drug treatment were evaluated on the defined brain regions, infarct volume was decreased in the high dose lithium group significantly. In contrast to other brain regions, hippocampal atrophies were observed in both lithium treatment groups, which were significant in the low dose lithium group in both hemispheres, which was associated with the reduced cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Our data demonstrate that lithium treatment protects neurons from TBI. However, long term particularly low-dose lithium causes hippocampal atrophy and decreased neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Ciftci
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reyda Karacay
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Caglayan
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Altunay
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Ates
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet O Altintas
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- University of Göttingen Medical School, Dept. of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Burak Yulug
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Mansur RB, Delgado-Peraza F, Subramaniapillai M, Lee Y, Iacobucci M, Rodrigues N, Rosenblat JD, Brietzke E, Cosgrove VE, Kramer NE, Suppes T, Raison CL, Chawla S, Nogueras-Ortiz C, McIntyre RS, Kapogiannis D. Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers Reveal Inhibition of Neuroinflammation by Infliximab in Association with Antidepressant Response in Adults with Bipolar Depression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040895. [PMID: 32268604 PMCID: PMC7226726 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is involved in bipolar disorder (BD) pathogenesis. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antagonist infliximab was recently reported to improve depressive symptoms in a subpopulation of individuals with BD and history of childhood maltreatment. To explore the mechanistic mediators of infliximab's effects, we investigated its engagement with biomarkers of cellular response to inflammation derived from plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin (NEVs). We hypothesized that infliximab, compared to placebo, would decrease TNF-α receptors (TNFRs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway signaling biomarkers, and that history of childhood abuse would moderate infliximab's effects. We immunocaptured NEVs from plasma samples collected at baseline and at weeks 2, 6, and 12 (endpoint) from 55 participants of this clinical trial and measured NEV biomarkers using immunoassays. A subset of participants (n = 27) also underwent whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and endpoint. Childhood physical abuse moderated treatment by time interactions for TNFR1 (χ2 = 9.275, p = 0.026), NF-κB (χ2 = 13.825, p = 0.003), and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) (χ2 = 7.990, p = 0.046), indicating that higher levels of physical abuse were associated with larger biomarker decreases over time. Moreover, the antidepressant response to infliximab was moderated by TNFR1 (χ2 = 7.997, p = 0.046). In infliximab-treated participants, reductions in TNFR1 levels were associated with improvement of depressive symptoms, an effect not detected in the placebo group. Conversely, reductions in TNFR1 levels were associated with increased global cortical thickness in infliximab- (r = -0.581, p = 0.029), but not placebo-treated, patients (r = 0.196, p = 0.501). In conclusion, we report that NEVs revealed that infliximab engaged the TNFR/NF-κB neuro-inflammatory pathway in individuals with BD, in a childhood trauma-dependent manner, which was associated with clinical response and brain structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B. Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.S.); (Y.L.); (M.I.); (N.R.); (J.D.R.); (E.B.); (R.S.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +4166-0358-00; Fax: +4166-0353-68
| | - Francheska Delgado-Peraza
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD 20892, USA; (F.D.-P.); (S.C.); (C.N.-O.); (D.K.)
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.S.); (Y.L.); (M.I.); (N.R.); (J.D.R.); (E.B.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.S.); (Y.L.); (M.I.); (N.R.); (J.D.R.); (E.B.); (R.S.M.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michelle Iacobucci
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.S.); (Y.L.); (M.I.); (N.R.); (J.D.R.); (E.B.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Nelson Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.S.); (Y.L.); (M.I.); (N.R.); (J.D.R.); (E.B.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Joshua D. Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.S.); (Y.L.); (M.I.); (N.R.); (J.D.R.); (E.B.); (R.S.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.S.); (Y.L.); (M.I.); (N.R.); (J.D.R.); (E.B.); (R.S.M.)
- Kingston General Hospital, Providence Care Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON K7L 4X3, Canada
| | - Victoria E. Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (V.E.C.); (N.E.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Nicole E. Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (V.E.C.); (N.E.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Trisha Suppes
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (V.E.C.); (N.E.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Charles L. Raison
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 30322, USA
| | - Sahil Chawla
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD 20892, USA; (F.D.-P.); (S.C.); (C.N.-O.); (D.K.)
| | - Carlos Nogueras-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD 20892, USA; (F.D.-P.); (S.C.); (C.N.-O.); (D.K.)
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.S.); (Y.L.); (M.I.); (N.R.); (J.D.R.); (E.B.); (R.S.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD 20892, USA; (F.D.-P.); (S.C.); (C.N.-O.); (D.K.)
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Roh HT, Cho SY, So WY. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Effects of Resistance Exercise on Inflammation and Neurotrophic Factors in Elderly Women with Obesity. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030842. [PMID: 32244926 PMCID: PMC7141497 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aging lowers brain functionality, and obesity accelerates this process. Resistance exercise can help reverse aging; however, studies examining how it affects brain function and body mass are limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance exercise on inflammation and neurotrophic factors in elderly women with obesity. METHODS Twenty-six elderly women with obesity were selected for this study and randomly assigned into a control group (CG, n = 13) and an experimental group (EG, n = 13). The EG performed resistance training thrice weekly for 12 weeks using elastic bands, while the CG did not exercise. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) and nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and eotaxin-1 levels were analyzed before and after the intervention. Body composition (soft lean mass (SLM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat mass (BFM), percent body fat (PBF), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), basal metabolic rates (BMR)) measurements and blood tests were performed. RESULTS Among the body composition variables, SLM, SMM, and BMR in the EG were significantly increased after intervention (p < 0.05). Serum lipid profile was not significantly different after intervention (p > 0.05). After intervention, the levels of NF-κB, IFN-γ, and eotaxin-1 were significantly lower and BDNF and VEGF were significantly higher in the EG than in the CG (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS These results imply that regular resistance training in elderly women with obesity can increase muscle mass, reduce inflammation, and stimulate neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Tae Roh
- Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
| | - Su-Youn Cho
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (W.-Y.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2123-3199 (S.-Y.C.); +82-43-841-5993 (W.-Y.S.); Fax: +82-2-2123-3165 (S.-Y.C.); +82-43-841-5990 (W.-Y.S.)
| | - Wi-Young So
- Sports and Health Care Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (W.-Y.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2123-3199 (S.-Y.C.); +82-43-841-5993 (W.-Y.S.); Fax: +82-2-2123-3165 (S.-Y.C.); +82-43-841-5990 (W.-Y.S.)
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Structural and Functional Brain Correlates of Neuroprogression in Bipolar Disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 48:197-213. [PMID: 33040317 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprogression is associated with structural and functional brain changes that occur in parallel with cognitive and functioning impairments. There is substantial evidence showing early white matter changes, as well as trajectory-related gray matter alterations. Several structures, including prefrontal, parietal, temporal cortex, and limbic structures, seem to be altered over the course of bipolar disorder, especially associated with the number of episodes and length of the disease. An important limitation is that most of the studies used either a cross-sectional design or a short follow-up period, which may be insufficient to identify all neuroprogressive changes over time. In addition, the heterogeneity of patients with bipolar disorder is another challenge to determine which subjects will have a more pernicious trajectory. Larger studies and the use of new techniques, such as machine learning, may help to enable more discoveries and evidence on the role of neuroprogression in BD.
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