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Loekdee C, Jungjamroonrat P, Kongsila T, Lundberg PC, Phoosuwan N. Paternal depressive symptoms and factors associated among expectant fathers in a northeastern province of Thailand. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14983. [PMID: 38951649 PMCID: PMC11217412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, depression is a major mental health problem among expectant fathers. Therefore, factors associated with paternal depressive symptoms (PDS) need investigation. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with PDS among expectant fathers in a northeastern province of Thailand. In the north-eastern province, Sakon Nakhon, 440 expectant fathers from eight hospitals participated in the study by completing a questionnaire related to socio-demographic characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), psychosocial factors and social support. An EPDS score of at least eleven out of 30 was interpreted as having PDS. Multivariable linear regression analysis was applied with a statistical significance at 0.05, and the coefficient β was presented. In total, 81 expectant fathers (18.4%, 95% confidence interval 14.6-22.3) had PDS, and the mean (standard deviation) of the EPDS score was 6.65 (4.25). Insufficient money (β = - 0.099, p = 0.016), marital adjustment (β = - 0.098, p = 0.027), self-esteem (β = - 0.150, p < 0.001), wife's stress (β = 0.079, p = 0.049), and expectant father's stress (β = 0.400, p < 0.001) were factors independently associated with PDS. In conclusion, screening expectant fathers during the pregnancy period of their wives is essential, and factors associated with PDS should not be neglected by healthcare providers. Also, there is need of an intervention program to prevent the symptoms, especially for expectant fathers having insufficient money or having stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chattarika Loekdee
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus, 59/7 Moo 1 Chiangkrua, Muang Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
- Bungtawai Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Pajaree Jungjamroonrat
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus, 59/7 Moo 1 Chiangkrua, Muang Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
- Nong Muang Hospital, Lopburi, Thailand
| | - Tanin Kongsila
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pranee C Lundberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Husargatan 3Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nitikorn Phoosuwan
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus, 59/7 Moo 1 Chiangkrua, Muang Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Husargatan 3Uppsala, Sweden.
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Shorey S, Thilagamangai, Mathews J, Lim SH, Shi L, Chua JS, Du R, Chan YH, Tan TC, Chee C, Chong YS. Effects of Parental Predictors on Postpartum Depression. West J Nurs Res 2024; 46:517-524. [PMID: 38822693 DOI: 10.1177/01939459241254774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) is highly prevalent and plagues a significant proportion of parents. Postpartum depression also exerts various negative consequences on infant development and parent-infant relationships. Social support is identified as an important factor influencing many parental predictors, and may affect the development of PPD. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate how perceived social support can indirectly influence PPD symptoms in parents at 6 months postpartum by influencing postpartum anxiety, parental satisfaction, and parental self-efficacy (PSE). METHODS A secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial was used with a cross-sectional exploratory design. A total of 400 Singaporean parents (200 couples) were included, and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships between PPD and potential predictors. RESULTS Findings revealed a less adequate fit between the hypothesized model and the data collected. Social support was found to be a significant predictor of postpartum anxiety, PSE, and parental satisfaction. Postpartum anxiety was a significant predictor of PPD, but PSE and parental satisfaction were not. CONCLUSION This study provides an overview of how different parental predictors may be associated with PPD among Asian parents. Postpartum anxiety significantly predicted PPD, but social support had negative effects on postpartum anxiety, parenting satisfaction, and PSE. The findings provide further insight into how parents at risk of PPD can be identified and demonstrated how social support might negatively impact parental outcomes. More qualitative research with Asian parents is needed to further explain these findings and inform the development of future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thilagamangai
- Division of Nursing, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Luming Shi
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Jing Shi Chua
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruochen Du
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Yap Seng Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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de Juan O, Mas A, Giménez-Palomo A, Gil-Badenes J, Ilzarbe L, Colomer L, Andreu H, Bueno L, Olivier L, Estévez B, Fernández-Plaza T, Tardón-Senabre L, Arbelo N, Valentí M, Gomes da Costa S, Pujol-Fontrodona G, Vieta E, Pacchiarotti I. Catatonic postpartum paternal depression as a first debut of a bipolar disorder: a case report. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:113-116. [PMID: 37729655 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Paternal postpartum depression (PD) is considered an affective disorder that affects fathers during the months following childbirth. Interestingly, it has been observed that during these months the chances of a male parent suffering from depression are double that for a non-parent male counterpart. We present the case of a 34-year-old man with no relevant medical history in who, overlapping her daughter's birth, several depressive symptoms emerged, such as fatigue, lack of concentration, sleeping disturbances and abandonment of care of the newborn. Prior to consultation, patient refused to eat and open his eyes, and his speech became progressively more parsimonious until reaching mutism. The patient was diagnosed with a severe depressive disorder with catatonia. Given the lack of improvement with pharmacological treatment and due to the evidence of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)'s effectiveness on patients with catatonia, acute ECT treatment was indicated and started. It should be noted that PD is an important entity to consider in our differential diagnosis of young parents who present a depressive episode. Few cases of relatively young patients presenting with such clinical presentation have been described and, although this case presents some of the characteristics described in the epidemiology of PD, other clinical aspects are not typical of this entity. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for the purpose of publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar de Juan
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
| | - Albert Mas
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM
| | - Anna Giménez-Palomo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - Joaquín Gil-Badenes
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III
| | - Lídia Ilzarbe
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - Lluc Colomer
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
| | - Helena Andreu
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
| | - Laura Bueno
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
| | - Luis Olivier
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
| | - Beatriz Estévez
- Department of Psychiatry. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid
| | - Tábatha Fernández-Plaza
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
| | - Laia Tardón-Senabre
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
| | - Néstor Arbelo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - Marc Valentí
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III
| | - Susana Gomes da Costa
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | | | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro)
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III
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Smith SVM, Darroch FE, Giles AR, Wykes D. Fatherhood and Elite Athletics: Sacrifice, Selfishness, and Gaining "Dad Strength". THE JOURNAL OF MEN'S STUDIES 2024; 32:152-177. [PMID: 38269335 PMCID: PMC10803200 DOI: 10.1177/10608265231204564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study contributes to a growing body of scholarly discussions around the many aspects and challenges of combining parenthood with elite-level sport, with a particular focus on the experiences of male elite athletes who are fathers. We used a caring masculinities theoretical framework, community-based participatory research, and semi-structured interviews to explore the experiences of 10 elite/international and world-class athletes (n = 9 fathers, n = 1 expectant father). Through reflexive thematic analysis, we identified three main themes: fatherhood can (1) improve and (2) impede elite athlete-fathers' athletic performance; and (3) athlete-fathers experience a trade-off between athletic performance and fatherhood responsibilities. Our findings underscore the ways in which male athletes' experiences with parenthood reflect the new era of involved fatherhood and are analogous to some of the identity tensions that have been reported with regard to the experiences of elite female athletes who are pregnant and/or mothers. Recognizing the impact of children on male athletes' athletic careers and the parallels between fatherhood, motherhood, and elite sport may lead to better support for athlete-fathers while also contributing to diminishing the expectation that women are primary caregivers to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney V. M. Smith
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Francine E. Darroch
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Audrey R. Giles
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Wykes
- Mile2Marathon Coaching Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Wu S, Ta L, Vieira J, Schwartz K, Perez J, Zeien J, Li D, Hartmark-Hill J. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depression among Homeless Young Adults: A Social Determinants of Health Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:81. [PMID: 38248544 PMCID: PMC10815729 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Homelessness is a pervasive issue in the United States that presents significant challenges to public health. Homeless young adults (HYAs) are at particular risk for increased incidence and severity of depression. Using primary survey data (n = 205) collected in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area, Arizona, from June to August 2022, this study aims to examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression among HYAs. We adopted the ACEs 10-item scale to measure childhood traumatic experiences, whereas depression was measured by using a PHQ-4 depression scale and diagnosed depression. Regression models were conducted to test the relationships between ACEs and depression outcomes while controlling for the covariates at the individual, interpersonal, and socioeconomic/living environment levels. The average PHQ-4 score was 5.01 (SD = 3.59), and 59.69% of HYAs reported being diagnosed previously with depression. The mean ACEs score was 5.22 out of 10. Other things being equal, for every one unit increase in ACEs scores, the odds of being diagnosed with depression increased by 11.5%, yet it was not statistically significant, while the PHQ-4 score increased by 0.445 (p < 0.001). Overall, HYAs were disproportionately affected by depression. This study elucidates the complex relationship between ACEs and depression among HYAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Wu
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Lac Ta
- College of Medicine–Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (L.T.); (J.V.); (K.S.); (J.P.); (J.H.-H.)
| | - Jaime Vieira
- College of Medicine–Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (L.T.); (J.V.); (K.S.); (J.P.); (J.H.-H.)
| | - Kendall Schwartz
- College of Medicine–Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (L.T.); (J.V.); (K.S.); (J.P.); (J.H.-H.)
| | - Joshua Perez
- College of Medicine–Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (L.T.); (J.V.); (K.S.); (J.P.); (J.H.-H.)
| | - Justin Zeien
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Danyi Li
- Keck School of Medicine Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA;
| | - Jennifer Hartmark-Hill
- College of Medicine–Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (L.T.); (J.V.); (K.S.); (J.P.); (J.H.-H.)
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Li B, Yuan M, Zhang K, Ni S, Zhao H, Lang X, Hu Z, Zeng T. The perception of childbearing sense of coherence among Chinese couples: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2403. [PMID: 38042832 PMCID: PMC10693700 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although childbearing health care is wellness-based and promotes normal physiology, it is in a medical model and focuses on risk aversion and disease prevention. The salutogenic theory might provide an alternative perspective to health care concerning childbearing, supporting health-promoting factors, not solely on avoiding adverse events. However, there is a dearth of qualitative research exploring couples' perceptions of childbearing from the salutogenic lens. This study aimed to explore perceptions and experiences concerning childbearing among couples in the perinatal period and identify salutogenic aspects of it. METHODS The qualitative descriptive study adopted a directed content analysis to analyse data from a semi-structured and individual interview with 25 purposively selected Chinese couples between July 2022 and December 2022. The concepts of the sense of coherence (SOC) from the salutogenic theory were used as the theory framework for coding. RESULTS Definitions and content for the salutogenic aspects of Chinese couples' perception of childbearing sense of coherence were developed. For comprehensibility of childbearing, four subthemes were extracted (the challenge to health and endurance; transition to and identification with the new role; conflict and reconciliation in relationships; resistance and compromise between social culture and personal development). For manageability of childbearing, two subthemes were extracted (helplessness and hope of childbearing; self-doubt and self-assurance of childbearing). For meaningfulness of childbearing, three subthemes were extracted (personal realisation; family bonding and harmony; the continuation of life). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study could give a greater understanding in maintaining couples' health in the perinatal period from the salutogenic lens and provide a guide to further research that the salutogenic theory could bring a health and wellness-focused agenda in practice and policy-making in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Li
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengmei Yuan
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sha Ni
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 University Street, High School Campus, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Xi Lang
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhenjing Hu
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tieying Zeng
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Tarsuslu B, Sahin A, Durat G. Implicit affectivity as the predictor of the relationship between paternal postpartum depression and self-stigma in fathers: A structural equation modeling analysis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 163:972-977. [PMID: 37271931 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the moderating role of the implicit affect in the relationship between postpartum depression and self-stigma. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 233 fathers using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Self-Stigma of Depression Scale (SSDS), and Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT) between July and August 2021. The structural equation model was used in data analysis. RESULTS Fathers received the following mean scores from the EPDS, SSDS, Implicit Positive Affect (IPA), and Implicit Negative Affect (INA) tests: 7.36 ± 5.55; 41.44 ± 10.04; 1.84 ± 0.62, and 2.50 ± 0.83, respectively. From the EPDS, 29.2% of the fathers received 10-30. It was found that postpartum depression negatively affects IPA (ß = -0.248, P < 0.001), whereas it positively affects SSDS (ß = 0.333, P < 0.001) and INA (ß = 0.344, P < 0.001). It was concluded that postpartum depression has a significant effect on the SSDS with the partial moderating role based on the IPA (ß = -0.298, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Postpartum depression is an important health problem in fathers. Implicit positive affect partially affects self-stigma in fathers with depressive symptoms. These results will guide the understanding of the stigmatization of fathers who experience depression during the transition to fatherhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedia Tarsuslu
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Sahin
- Department of Child Care and Youth Services, Sabuncuoğlu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Türkiye
| | - Gulgun Durat
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye
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Chen J, Zhao J, Chen X, Zou Z, Ni Z. Paternal perinatal depression: A concept analysis. Nurs Open 2023. [PMID: 37147794 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Our aim is to clarify the concept of paternal perinatal depression including its definition, attributes, antecedents and consequences. DESIGN A concept analysis. METHODS To obtain relevant evidence, several databases were searched systematically including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library. Qualitative or quantitative articles published in English that focused on paternal perinatal depression were included. After the literature quality assessment, Walker and Avant's concept analysis strategy was used. RESULTS Five defining attributes (i.e. symptoms occur during the partner's pregnancy or 1-year postpartum and last at least 2 weeks, emotional symptoms, somatic symptoms, negative parenting behaviours and 'masked' symptoms), four antecedents (i.e. personal issues, pregnancy-related issues, infant-related issues, social issues) and three consequences (i.e. offspring outcomes, marital relationship, maternal negative emotions) were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Chen
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijie Zou
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Ni
- School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Le J, Alhusen J, Dreisbach C. Screening for Partner Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2023; 48:142-150. [PMID: 36744867 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression is a significant mental health condition affecting an estimated 7% to 20% of women, with higher rates among individuals with increased risk factors. Most research on postpartum depression has focused on mothers, with less recognition of the mental health changes experienced by their partners. Research suggests almost 20% of partners may experience postpartum depression, yet our understanding is limited. An enhanced understanding of postpartum depression in a birthing person's partner is critical, given the mental and physical health sequelae associated with depression. PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to systematically examine the current tools available to assess partner postpartum depression. METHODS We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were identified using selected key terms in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE. Studies were included if they assessed partner depressive symptoms and identified the specified use of a tool or screening measure. RESULTS Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Seven different measures were used to assess postpartum depression. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used in 16 out of the 17 studies for depression assessment. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Routine screening of partners for postpartum depression should be recommended as part of standard care. Nurses are critical liaisons for assessing risk and connecting relevant and timely resources to birthing people and their partners. Identifying the available screening tools may help to avoid adverse clinical outcomes associated with increased symptom severity and burden.
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Boda H, Nishijo M, Nishino Y, Sasagawa T, Osaka Y, Fujita S, Sakamoto J, Takakura M, Takagi H, Shibata T, Takata E. [Associations between Maternal Postpartum Depression and Psychosocial Factors Including Marital Relationship and Social Support]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2023; 78:n/a. [PMID: 37331793 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the psychosocial factors for postpartum depression as indicated by a high score of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), including marital relationship and social support. Relevant factors for antenatal depression were also analyzed. METHODS Thirty-five wife-and-husband pairs who visited University Hospital A for the wife's antenatal health check-up participated in a questionnaire survey using the Japanese version of the EPDS. Social support from the wife's husband, kins, and others including friends at the third trimester of pregnancy and 1 month after birth was assessed. The Marital Love Scale (MLS) was also used, and two marital relationship questions were asked regarding the husband's and wife's considerate actions toward each other during pregnancy. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine adjusted associations between higher EPDS scores (≥5 for postpartum depression and ≥7 for antenatal depression) and indicators for social support and marital relationships. RESULTS The most relevant factor for higher postpartum EPDS scores was a higher antenatal EPDS score, followed by the couple's poor communication skills (the wife did not feel any appreciation from her husband) during pregnancy and no support from the wife's husband during the postpartum period. The wife's poor marital communication skills and the husband's low MLS scores during pregnancy were associated (borderline significance) with the wife's higher antenatal EPDS scores. CONCLUSIONS A good marital relationship before birth and support by the husband after birth may be important for preventing postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Yoshikazu Nishino
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University
| | | | | | - Satoko Fujita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Jinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Masahiro Takakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Hiroaki Takagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Takeo Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Emi Takata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University
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Postpartum Depression Among Gay Fathers With Children Born Through Surrogacy: A Cross-sectional Study. J Psychiatr Pract 2023; 29:3-10. [PMID: 36649546 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on postpartum depression (PPD) in gay fathers are scarce. The goals of this study were to examine the prevalence of PPD among Israeli gay fathers with children born through surrogacy and to identify characteristics associated with PPD in this population. METHODS In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we sent surveys to gay fathers who had children who were 0 to 12 months of age and were born through surrogacy. Surveys were sent through 3 major surrogacy agencies in Israel and through the media. Data were collected concerning sociodemographic, medical, and lifestyle factors as well as concerning satisfaction with partners, family, and social support. Each respondent completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, which screens for PPD. Characteristics of fathers with and without probable PPD were compared. RESULTS Between July 2018 and December 2019, 66 men answered our questionnaire. The respondents, mean age of 37.5 years, were mostly first-time fathers (82%), with high rates of twin pregnancies (42%). Eight respondents (12%) were classified as having depressive symptoms (95% CI: 5.4%-22.5%), and 16 respondents (25%) reported current or past use of antidepressant medications. A negative association was observed between satisfaction with family support and report of depressive symptoms (χ22=6.53, P=0.038) and Spearman correlation test (rs=-0.34, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of probable PPD among gay fathers was 12% compared with 8.8% reported in fathers in the general population. High satisfaction with family support was associated with a lower incidence of probable PPD among gay fathers. Increased awareness of the potential for PPD in gay fathers can improve early diagnosis and treatment.
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12
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Lowrie N, Le Bas G, Youssef G, Macdonald JA, Teague S, Rogers A, Sunderland M, Mattick R, Elliott EJ, Allsop S, Burns L, Najman J, Jacobs S, Olsson CA, Hutchinson D. Association of adolescent and young adult depression and anxiety with perinatal mental health in fathers: Findings from an Australian longitudinal study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:206-213. [PMID: 36265257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined associations between preconception diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders in adolescence and young adulthood and perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms in early fatherhood. In an Australian community cohort study of health and development, earlier history of MDD and anxiety disorders (extending back to adolescence) were assessed retrospectively in the third trimester of pregnancy via the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Paternal perinatal depression and anxiety were then assessed prospectively over three timepoints (third trimester of pregnancy, 8 weeks and 12 months postpartum), using established cut-points on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (anxiety subscale). Mixed-effects regression models examined risk associations between preconception diagnoses of MDD and anxiety disorders, and perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms at each timepoint, adjusting for socio-demographic factors and concurrent maternal mental health difficulties. The odds of clinically concerning levels of paternal perinatal depression and anxiety were 6-fold and 4-fold higher, respectively, in men with a preconception history of MDD. The odds of perinatal depression were 3-fold higher in men with a preconception history of an anxiety disorder. Less evidence was found for an association between preconception diagnoses of an anxiety disorder and perinatal anxiety in fathers. Interventions aimed at improving mental health in men during adolescence and young adulthood may promote continued psychological health in men during early fatherhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Lowrie
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Genevieve Le Bas
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - George Youssef
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's, Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's, Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Samantha Teague
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; James Cook University, Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, Townsville, Australia.
| | - Alana Rogers
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Richard Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth J Elliott
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Steve Allsop
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Lucinda Burns
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jake Najman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Sue Jacobs
- Department of Obstetrics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's, Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's, Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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13
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An Evidence-Based Project to Improve Paternal Postpartum Depression. J Nurse Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Berg RC, Solberg BL, Glavin K, Olsvold N. Instruments to Identify Symptoms of Paternal Depression During Pregnancy and the First Postpartum Year: A Systematic Scoping Review. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221114984. [PMID: 36124356 PMCID: PMC9490477 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Men often experience depressive symptoms during the transition to parenthood, but there is a lack of synthesized knowledge of instruments used to identify such symptoms. The aim of this scoping review was to identify instruments used to measure symptoms of depressive symptoms among fathers in pregnancy and the postpartum period, and to describe the instruments' characteristics and measurement properties. We identified studies published since 1990 through searches in databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO and in gray literature. Pairs of reviewers selected relevant studies based on predetermined inclusion criteria. For each included study, we collected information relevant to the review question, guided by the COnsensus based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). We included 13 instruments, described in 59 studies with about 29,000 participants across 25 countries. There were 12 validation studies. None of the instruments were uniquely developed for assessing paternal depressive symptoms related to fatherhood. The three most extensively examined instruments were the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. For seven of the 13 instruments, there was no information reported about the instruments' properties beyond internal consistency, but for the other six instruments the 12 validation studies reported on both reliability and validity. No studies reported on measurement error or responsiveness. EPDS was both the most extensively assessed instrument and reported to be the most reliable and valid. Further research on instruments for identifying men with depression in pregnancy and the postpartum period is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigmor C. Berg
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Rigmor C. Berg, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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15
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Ertekin Pinar S, Ozbek H. Paternal depression and attachment levels of first-time fathers in Turkey. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:1082-1088. [PMID: 34216394 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Paternal depression and inadequate attachment experienced in the postpartum period may be associated with future emotional and behavioural problems of children. This study aimed to investigate the paternal depression and attachment levels of first-time fathers. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 175 fathers with 3-6 months old babies whose wives applied to the polyclinic for check-up. FINDINGS When the cut-off point of the scale was evaluated at 13 and above in this study, the risk of depression was found to be 14.2%. The level of attachment decreases as fathers' risk of depression increases (p < 0.05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS There is a risk of depression in fathers in the postpartum period. The level of attachment decreases as fathers' risk of depression increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukran Ertekin Pinar
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hilal Ozbek
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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16
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Atif M, Halaki M, Chow CM, Raynes-Greenow C. Risk factors of paternal postnatal depression in Pakistan: Findings from an urban sample. Nurs Health Sci 2022; 24:618-624. [PMID: 35596259 PMCID: PMC9543497 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Paternal postnatal depression is an emerging public health concern, with negative outcomes for men, their partners, and the newborn. There is a dearth of data on paternal postnatal depression in lower‐middle‐income countries like Pakistan. This study aimed to identify risk factors of postnatal depression in Pakistani men. Men who consented to this cross‐sectional study completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic information and Urdu translated versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 10–12 weeks postpartum. Descriptive analyses for the sociodemographic variables were calculated. Univariate analyses were conducted to calculate the relative risk and 95% confidence interval of the independent variables with an EPDS score of >10. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were performed for risk factors of paternal postnatal depression. Fifty‐one questionnaires were analyzed and 23.5% of the participants scored more than 10 on the EPDS. Spouse's EPDS score > 12, and own sleep disturbance were risk factors of paternal postnatal depression in Pakistani men. There is an imminent need to incorporate fathers in the existing and future perinatal mental health programs in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Atif
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Halaki
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chin Moi Chow
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Camille Raynes-Greenow
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Zheng J, Gao L, Li H, Zhao Q. Postpartum depression and social support: A longitudinal study of the first six months as parents. J Clin Nurs 2022; 32:2652-2662. [PMID: 35538627 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The study aimed to (1) investigate the changes in maternal and paternal depression, along with social support, across the 6-month postpartum period; (2) explore the relationships between maternal and paternal depression and social support during the 6-month postpartum period; and (3) compare the differences in postpartum depression and social support between mothers and fathers at 2-3 days, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. BACKGROUND An increasing body of evidence now shows that postpartum depression affects both mothers and fathers. The notable increase in postpartum depression in China is particularly concerning. DESIGN A longitudinal study was conducted, guided by the STROBE checklist. METHODS 122 pairs of parents were recruited from September 2020 to October 2021 at a teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected from each parent at 2-3 days, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale. We also acquired socio-demographic and obstetric data at 2-3 days postpartum. RESULTS Maternal depression was lowest at 2-3 days postpartum compared with that measured at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Maternal and paternal social support was highest at 2-3 days postpartum compared with that measured at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Maternal depression was significantly correlated with paternal depression while maternal social support was significantly correlated with paternal social support at different time points. CONCLUSION Postpartum depression in mothers and social support in both mothers and fathers, showed significant changes during the 6-month postpartum period. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Healthcare providers should pay attention to the mental health of both parents, view them as a team and provide both family-based and women-cantered interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Gao
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Perinatal Depression in Australian Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Birth in the Time of COVID-19 (BITTOC) Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095062. [PMID: 35564456 PMCID: PMC9103175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted perinatal mental health globally. We determined the maternal factors and pandemic-related experiences associated with clinically significant perinatal (pregnant and post-partum) depressive symptoms in Australian women. Participants (n = 2638; pregnant n = 1219, postnatal n = 1419) completed an online survey (August 2020 through February 2021) and self-reported on depression, social support, and COVID-19 related experiences. We found elevated depressive symptoms amongst 26.5% (pregnant) and 19% (postnatal) women. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed higher likelihood of elevated depression associated with residence in Victoria, lower education, past/current mental health problems, greater non-pandemic prenatal stress, age ≥ 35 years (pregnant women) and existing physical health issues or disability in self or others (postnatal women). Greater family stress/discord and lower social support (friends) was associated with higher odds of elevated perinatal depression, while lower social support (family) was significantly associated with elevated depressive symptoms in pregnant women. Greater depression was associated with social distancing, pandemic-related news exposure and changes to prenatal care (pregnant women). Single postnatal women showed lower odds of elevated depression than partnered women. Our findings underscore the importance of universal screening for depression and targeted support during a pandemic for perinatal women displaying vulnerability factors.
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19
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Øygarden AMU, Berg RC, Abudayya A, Glavin K, Strøm BS. Measurement instruments for parental stress in the postpartum period: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265616. [PMID: 35303028 PMCID: PMC8932572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Parenting stress is a particular type of stress that is conceptualized as a negative psychological response to the numerous obligations associated with raising children. Despite a considerable increase in research on parenting stress, little attention has been given to the ways parenting stress are measured.
Objectives
This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of available instruments measuring parental stress and to describe their psychometric properties.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review in accordance with international guidelines for scoping reviews. The main search strategy was searches in seven electronic databases. Pairs of reviewers selected relevant studies based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies had to report one or more psychometric properties of an instrument measuring stress in parents with children 0–12 months. For each included study, we collected information relevant to the review question, guided by the COnsensus based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). Finally, we collated, summarized, and reported the findings descriptively.
Results
From 2164 unique record, 64 studies from 24 countries were included. They described 15 instruments, of which four were generic and eleven parental-specific self-administered instruments. Only two studies examined parental stress among fathers. Eleven of the studies were validation studies, but they only described seven of the 15 instruments. Internal consistency was the only information provided by 73.4% of the included studies. None of the instruments had information on all measurement properties as per the COSMIN criteria, and there was no information about measurement error, responsiveness, or interpretability for any of the 15 instruments.
Discussion
There are presently 15 instruments with some associated psychometric information being used to measure parental stress among parents with young children, but the amount of information on the instruments’ psychometric properties is slight. There is a need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Martha Utne Øygarden
- Centre of Diakonia and Professional Practice, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Rigmor C. Berg
- Reviews and Health Technology Assessments, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø og Finnmark, Norway
| | | | - Kari Glavin
- Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Chhabra J, Li W, McDermott B. Predictive Factors for Depression and Anxiety in Men During the Perinatal Period: A Mixed Methods Study. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221079489. [PMID: 35225057 PMCID: PMC8882954 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221079489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with
paternal perinatal mental distress in a sample of Australian men. A
mixed-methods design was used. The qualitative component (N =
13) using thematic analysis identified maternal depression, marital distress,
masculine gender role stress, unplanned pregnancy, work–family conflict, and
sleep disturbance as risk factors for paternal perinatal mental distress. The
quantitative component (N = 525) expanded on the qualitative
findings and examined the associations between the identified risk factors and
mental distress of fathers in the perinatal period measured by Edinburgh
postnatal depression scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed
six significant predictors of paternal perinatal mental distress with masculine
gender role stress being the most significant risk factor for paternal perinatal
mental distress. The results from this study provide an insight into how
masculine gender role may affect the expression and experience of mental
distress in fathers within the perinatal period. Implications of research
findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Chhabra
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy Li
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett McDermott
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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21
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Kavanagh DJ, Connolly J, Fisher J, Halford WK, Hamilton K, Hides L, Milgrom J, Rowe H, Scuffham PA, White KM, Wittkowski A, Appleton S, Sanders D. The Baby Steps Web Program for the Well-Being of New Parents: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e23659. [PMID: 34842534 PMCID: PMC8665385 DOI: 10.2196/23659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background New parents face increased risks of emotional distress and relationship dissatisfaction. Digital interventions increase support access, but few preventive programs are optimized for both parents. Objective This study aims to conduct the first randomized controlled trial on universal self-guided digital programs to support positive perinatal adjustment of both mothers and fathers. Effects of childcare information (Baby Care) and information plus an interactive program (Baby Steps Wellbeing) were compared from the third trimester baseline to 3 and 6 months subsequently. Methods The study recruited 388 co-parenting male-female adult couples expecting their first single child (26-38 weeks’ gestation), using web-based registration. Most (337/388, 86.8%) were obtained from prenatal hospital classes. Couples’ randomization was automated and stratified by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores (50% couples scored high if either mother >7, father >5). All assessments were web-based self-reports: the EPDS and psychosocial quality of life were primary outcomes; relationship satisfaction, social support, and self-efficacy for parenting and support provision were secondary. Linear mixed models provided intention-to-treat analyses, with linear and quadratic effects for time and random intercepts for participants and couples. Results Selection criteria were met by 63.9% (248/388) of couples, who were all randomized. Most participants were married (400/496, 80.6%), tertiary educated (324/496, 65.3%), employed full time (407/496, 82%), and born in Australia (337/496, 67.9%). Their mean age was 32.2 years, and average gestation was 30.8 weeks. Using an EPDS cutoff score of 13, 6.9% (18/248) of men, and 16.1% (40/248) of women screened positive for depression at some time during the 6 months. Retention of both partners was 80.6% (201/248) at the 6-month assessments, and satisfaction with both programs was strong (92% ≥50). Only 37.3% (185/496) of participants accessed their program more than once, with higher rates for mothers (133/248, 53.6%) than fathers (52/248, 20.9%; P<.001). The EPDS, quality of life, and social support did not show differential improvements between programs, but Baby Steps Wellbeing gave a greater linear increase in self-efficacy for support provision (P=.01; Cohen d=0.26) and lower reduction in relationship satisfaction (P=.03; Cohen d=0.20) than Baby Care alone. Mothers had greater linear benefits in parenting self-efficacy over time than fathers after receiving Baby Steps Wellbeing rather than Baby Care (P=.01; Cohen d=0.51). However, the inclusion of program type in analyses on parenting self-efficacy and relationship satisfaction did not improve model fit above analyses with only parent gender and time. Conclusions Three secondary outcomes showed differential benefits from Baby Steps Wellbeing, but for one (parenting self-efficacy), the effect only occurred for mothers, perhaps reflecting their greater program use. Increased engagement will be needed for more definitive testing of the potential benefits of Baby StepsWellbeing for perinatal adjustment. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12614001256662; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=367277
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Affiliation(s)
- David John Kavanagh
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane Qld, Australia.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane Qld, Australia
| | - Jennifer Connolly
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane Qld, Australia.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane Qld, Australia
| | - Jane Fisher
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - W Kim Halford
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeannette Milgrom
- Perinatal and Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heather Rowe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Scuffham
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katherine M White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane Qld, Australia
| | - Anja Wittkowski
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley Appleton
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane Qld, Australia.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane Qld, Australia
| | - Davina Sanders
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane Qld, Australia.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane Qld, Australia
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22
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Tavares IM, Fernandes J, Moura CV, Nobre PJ, Carrito ML. Adapting to Uncertainty: A Mixed-Method Study on the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Expectant and Postpartum Women and Men. Front Psychol 2021; 12:688340. [PMID: 34899456 PMCID: PMC8654360 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.688340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Detrimental biopsychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations have been established worldwide. Despite research indicating that the transition to parenthood is a vulnerable period for maternal and paternal health, an in-depth examination of the specific challenges the pandemic poses for new mothers and fathers is still lacking. Using a mixed-method design, we investigated individual and relational well-being of women and men who were expecting their first child during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal and its associations with contextual, individual, and relational factors. Adults older than 18 (n = 316, 198 women) from early pregnancy to 6-months postpartum completed a cross-sectional online survey assessing sociodemographic, individual (depression, anxiety, perceived stress), and relational (dyadic adjustment, perceived social support) self-report measures. From those, 99 participants (64 women) responded to an open-ended question and reported perceived changes in their couple's relationship due to the pandemic. Men responding during strict lockdown measures reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress relative to those men who were not under lockdown. Overall, women reported higher levels of depression and greater social support than men. Qualitative analyses resulted in two main themes: Individual Changes and Relational Changes. These themes aggregate personal concerns and experiences (e.g., worsening of mental health, uncertainty about the future, lack of freedom) interrelated with relational issues (e.g., increased togetherness, avoidance of physical contact, and increased availability for parenthood during lockdown). The prevalence of negative effects (58.6%) exceeded the described positive effects (28.3%), and 13.1% described both positive and negative effects of the pandemic. Current findings offer grounds for important evidence-based strategies to mitigate the potential adverse effects of the current pandemic on new mothers' and fathers' individual and relational well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M. Tavares
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology at the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Wang D, Li YL, Qiu D, Xiao SY. Factors Influencing Paternal Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:51-63. [PMID: 34171611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum period is a critical time that requires adjustments not only for mothers but also for fathers and may pose risk for depression. Studies show that the prevalence of paternal postpartum depression (PPD) is between 1.2% and 25.5%. PPD is an under-recognized public health issue and its reported influencing factors are still inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature by examining influencing factors that affect paternal PPD and describe the strength their associations. METHODS We conducted keyword search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and PsycARTICLES electronic databases up to Jan 17, 2020, without language restrictions, for observational studies investigating the factors influencing paternal PPD and its effects. Fixed or random effect model was used to pool odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with Stata software 12.0. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using Cochran's chi-squared test (Cochran's Q) and I2 values. RESULTS Nineteen cross-sectional studies and eighteen cohort studies published from 1996 to 2019 were included in this review and seventeen studies in the meta-analysis. Factors affecting paternal PPD can be classified into paternal, maternal, infant and family factors. In Meta-analysis, 9 of 17 influencing factors were revealed to be statistically significant: 1) paternal factors: unemployment OR= 2.59 (95%CI:1.42-4.74), low social support OR=1.05 (95%CI:1.03-1.08), negative life events OR=1.45 (95%CI:1.13-1.87), perceived stress OR=1.08 (95%CI:1.03-1.12), financial strain OR=2.07 (95%CI:1.13-3.81), history of mental illness OR=3.48 (95%CI:2.49-4.86); 2) maternal factors: parity OR=1.36 (95%CI:1.13-1.65) and maternal postnatal depression OR=1.17 (95%CI:1.03-1.33); 3) family factors: low marital satisfaction OR=1.40 (95%CI:1.22-1.61). No statistically significant association with infant factors was found in the meta-analysis. LIMITATIONS There was publication bias since we only included English studies. Samples were under-represented in low-and middle-income countries. The meta-analysis results are subject to unobserved confounding factors and cannot explain causality. CONCLUSION This overview of the evidence suggests a relationship between paternal employment, psychological status, history of maternal mental illness, first pregnancy, marital relationship and paternal PPD. The low number of studies for some infant factors in meta-analysis leaves gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. The mechanisms underlying the reported associations and their causal relationship still remain unclear. The awareness of the serious long-term consequences of paternal PPD should encourage better identification of those at risk and the development of effective interventions to protect fathers from PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Yi-Lu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Dan Qiu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Shui-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of the prevalence and cause of postpartum depression in women and postnatal depression among their male partners, as well as a review of related symptoms, risk factors, and effects on children. Evidence-based screening tools, management options, and resources for patients and providers are also presented.
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Sun GQ, Wang Q, Wang SS, Cheng Y. Risk assessment of paternal depression in relation to partner delivery during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:327. [PMID: 34215220 PMCID: PMC8253468 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and relevant prevention and control measures may affect the mental health and induce depressive symptoms in fathers with concurrent partner delivery exposure. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression in fathers with simultaneous exposure to COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of family functions on paternal perinatal depression (PPD) risk. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among the perinatal fathers recruited in a large tertiary hospital in Wuhan across the whole pandemic period from 31 December 2019 to 11 April 2020. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and APGAR family function scale were used to evaluate PPD and family function, respectively. Chi-square test and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model were applied for data analysis. RESULTS Among the 1187 participants, the prevalence of PPD was 13.82% throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with that in the time period before the announcement of human-to-human transmission on 19 January 2020, the depression risk was significantly lower during the traffic restriction (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.86) and public transportation reopening periods (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.59). Poor/fair family functions was associated with elevated depression risk (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.90, 4.52). Individuals reporting a low family income and smoking had high depression risks. CONCLUSIONS A declined risk of PPD was observed over the traffic restriction period of the COVID-19 pandemic. An improved family function may help alleviate the risk of PPD during the pandemic. Health authorities are recommended to formulate targeted prevention and control strategies to handle PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qiang Sun
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Obstetric Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuluo Road No.745, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Qi Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road No.13, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Shan-shan Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road No.13, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Obstetric Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuluo Road No.745, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite extensive research, the etiology behind postpartum depression (PPD) remains a mystery. Experts have theorized about various potential risk factors, including hormonal fluctuations, genetics, prior history of depression, low socioeconomic status, adolescent pregnancy, and certain personality traits. This article provides foundational information about PPD, reviewing the risk factors for and the consequences of this mood disorder. Postpartum blues and postpartum psychosis are briefly discussed for context, although they differ from PPD. Screening and treatment options are explained, and nursing implications for practice are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Marie Alba
- Barbara Marie Alba is the director of nursing for maternal-child health services at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York City. Contact author: . The author and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise. A podcast with the author is available at www.ajnonline.com
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ÜNVER H, UÇAR T. İlk kez baba olanlarda doğum sonu depresyon ve psikososyal belirleyicileri. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.840392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Perinatal Depression, Birth Experience, Marital Satisfaction and Childcare Sharing: A Study in Russian Mothers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116086. [PMID: 34200046 PMCID: PMC8200178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 300,000 women in Russia face perinatal depressive disorders every year, according to the data for middle-income countries. This study is the first attempt to perform a two-phase study of perinatal depressive disorders in Russia. The paper examines risk factors for perinatal depressive symptoms, such as marital satisfaction, birth experience, and childcare sharing. METHODS At 15-40 gestational weeks (M = 30.7, SD = 6.6), 343 Russian-speaking women, with a mean age of 32 years (SD = 4.4), completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Couples Satisfaction Index, Birth Satisfaction Scale, and provided socio-demographic data. Two months after childbirth, 190 of them participated in the follow-up. RESULTS The follow-up indicated that 36.4% of participants suffered from prenatal depression and 34.3% of participants had postnatal depression. Significant predictors of prenatal depression were physical well-being during pregnancy (β = -0.25; p = 0.002) and marital satisfaction during pregnancy (β = -0.01; p = 0.018). Birth satisfaction (β = -0.08; p = 0.001), physical well-being at two months after delivery (β = -0.36; p < 0.01), and marital satisfaction during pregnancy (β = 0.01; p = 0.016) and after delivery (β = -0.02; p < 0.01) significantly predicted postnatal depression at 2 months after delivery. CONCLUSION Our study identified that physical well-being during pregnancy and marital satisfaction during pregnancy significantly predicted prenatal depression. Birth satisfaction, physical well-being at 2 months after delivery, and marital satisfaction during pregnancy and after delivery significantly predicted postnatal depression. To our knowledge, this is the first study of perinatal depressive disorders in the context of marital satisfaction and birth satisfaction in the Russian sample. The problem of unequal childcare sharing is widely spread in Russia. Adjusting spousal expectations and making arrangements for childcare may become the focus of psychological work with the family. The availability of psychological support during pregnancy and labor may be important in the context of reducing perinatal depression risks.
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The Best and Worst of Times: Predictors of New Fathers' Parenting Satisfaction and Stress. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2021; 2:71-83. [PMID: 36643691 PMCID: PMC9838242 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-021-00032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined predictors of new fathers' parenting satisfaction and stress using data from 182 fathers in dual-earner couples who were followed across their transition to parenthood. Expectant fathers completed surveys about their personal characteristics (anxiety, belief in maternal essentialism, parenting self-efficacy expectations) and family relationships (confidence in the couple relationship) during the third trimester of pregnancy. At three months postpartum, fathers completed surveys about their family relationships (maternal gatekeeping) and child characteristics (infant negative emotionality, infant gender), as well as their parenting satisfaction and stress. Results of regression analyses indicated that expectant fathers with greater parenting self-efficacy expectations reported less parenting stress and greater satisfaction at three months postpartum. More anxious expectant fathers were at risk of experiencing elevated levels of parenting stress postpartum, as were fathers with lower endorsement of maternal essentialism and infants highly negative in mood. Fathers were more satisfied in their roles as parents when mothers engaged in greater gate-opening behavior, particularly when those fathers expressed less confidence in their couple relationships prior to their child's birth. Results indicate the importance of screening expectant and new fathers for anxiety, strengthening expectant fathers' parenting self-efficacy, and encouraging greater maternal support for engaged fathering.
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Kalogeropoulos C, Burdayron R, Laganière C, Béliveau MJ, Dubois-Comtois K, Pennestri MH. Investigating the link between sleep and postpartum depression in fathers utilizing subjective and objective sleep measures. Sleep Med X 2021; 3:100036. [PMID: 34169272 PMCID: PMC8144731 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2021.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While fathers are at risk of developing poorer sleep and depressive symptoms in the postpartum period, they represent an understudied population in the literature. The present study aimed to explore the association between sleep and postpartum depressive symptoms in fathers using subjective and objective sleep measures. Methods Fifty-four fathers reporting no history of depression took part in this cross-sectional study. At 6 months postpartum, paternal sleep was assessed for 2 weeks utilizing a self-report daily sleep diary, a self-report perceived sleep quality rating, and actigraphy. In the same period, depressive symptoms in fathers were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Results Regression analyses showed that paternal subjective sleep variables captured by the sleep diary (total nocturnal sleep time and number of night awakenings) were not related to postpartum depressive symptoms. However, self-reported perceived sleep quality was significantly associated with postpartum depressive symptom severity in fathers independently of demographic variables related to depression. Alternatively, the objective sleep variables (total nocturnal sleep time, number of night awakenings, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset), measured by actigraphy, did not demonstrate a significant relationship with paternal depression scores. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of perceived sleep quality, along with better understanding its association with postpartum depressive symptoms. Implementing a multi-measure approach enabled us to expand our knowledge about how different facets of sleep relate to postpartum depression, specifically in fathers. The results have important implications for the development of clinical interventions targeting paternal sleep and mood in the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Hôpital en Santé Mentale Rivière-des-Prairies (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Burdayron
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Hôpital en Santé Mentale Rivière-des-Prairies (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Laganière
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Hôpital en Santé Mentale Rivière-des-Prairies (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Julie Béliveau
- Hôpital en Santé Mentale Rivière-des-Prairies (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Hôpital en Santé Mentale Rivière-des-Prairies (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychologie, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Pennestri
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Hôpital en Santé Mentale Rivière-des-Prairies (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ansari NS, Shah J, Dennis CL, Shah PS. Risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms among fathers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:1186-1199. [PMID: 33539548 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transition to parenthood is a major life change that may affect the mental well-being of both mothers and fathers and place them at an increased risk for depression. The objective of our study was to systematically review the literature and identify factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms in fathers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, and CINAHL to identify studies published until March 2020. Studies that reported factors associated with depression among fathers were included. The data from these studies were extracted independently by two authors with disagreements resolved by a third author and consensus. The odds ratio (OR) was used as a measure of association between the risk factor and the primary outcome: depression within the first 12 months following childbirth among fathers diagnosed using any method. Summary estimates were calculated using a random effects model. The associations between the risk factors and depressive symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS The search identified 1040 reports. After screening titles and abstracts, 62 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 25 studies involving 13 972 fathers were included in the systematic review. Fathers with a prior mental health illness episode had higher odds of developing depressive symptoms than those with no mental health history (eight studies, n = 3515, pooled OR 6.77, 95% CI 5.07-9.04; I2 = 0%). Other significant risk factors included relationship dissatisfaction (eight studies, n = 6924, pooled OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.29-1.81; I2 = 93%), maternal depression (seven studies, n = 6661, pooled OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.27-2.17; I2 = 88%), financial instability (five studies, n = 3052, pooled OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.44-3.48; I2 = 74%), paternal unemployment (three studies, n = 1505, pooled OR 6.61, 95% CI 1.94-22.54; I2 = 59%), low education level (two studies, n = 1697, pooled OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.06-11.97; I2 = 88%), and perceived stress (two studies, n = 692, pooled OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11; I2 = 5%). Lack of support and low parenting self-efficacy were also associated with paternal postpartum depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS A history of paternal mental illness, maternal depression, and diverse psychosocial factors were associated with depressive symptoms among fathers postnatally. These findings can guide the development of family-level interventions for early identification and treatment and social media campaigns to promote help-seeking behaviors and engagement in preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmus Sehr Ansari
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jyotsna Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Macdonald JA, Graeme LG, Wynter K, Cooke D, Hutchinson D, Kendall G, StGeorge J, Dowse E, Francis LM, McBride N, Fairweather AK, Manno LD, Olsson CA, Allsop S, Leach L, Youssef GJ. How are you sleeping? Starting the conversation with fathers about their mental health in the early parenting years. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:727-737. [PMID: 33234285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 1 in 10 fathers of infants experience symptoms of common mental health disorders, prompting calls for paternal postpartum screening. However, numerous obstacles exist to screening implementation. The aim of this study was to provide preliminary evidence for an alternative approach that starts with asking fathers about their sleep. METHODS Using self-reported father data at 0 to 36 months postpartum (N=1204) from four Australian cohort studies, we assessed associations between responses to various single-item questions about sleep (good to poor), and scores on validated measures of mental health (depression, anxiety and stress). We conducted regressions, unadjusted and adjusted for father age, child age, household income, education, first or later child, and marital status, to test associations between sleep and each indicator of mental health. We then meta-analyzed effects and assessed interactions between sleep and each of the covariates. RESULTS Consistent associations between fathers' subjective poor sleep and depression, anxiety and stress were replicated across the four cohorts despite heterogeneity in the sleep questions. At the meta-analytic level, effects ranged from weak to moderate (0.25 to 0.37) and were robust to all adjustments. Interactions were only detected between family income and poor sleep, such that the association was stronger for high income fathers. LIMITATIONS This study does not address the sensitivity or specificity of single-item sleep questions for assessing paternal mental health risk. CONCLUSIONS A low-cost, non-stigmatizing single question to postpartum fathers about their sleep may present a gateway opportunity to enquiring about mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui A Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Liam G Graeme
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Karen Wynter
- Deakin University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research - Western Health Partnership, St Albans, Australia
| | - Dawson Cooke
- Curtin University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Perth, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of New South Wales, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Garth Kendall
- Curtin University, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Eileen Dowse
- University of Newcastle, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Lauren M Francis
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- Curtin University, National Drug Research Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - A Kate Fairweather
- Flinders University, Discipline of Behavioural Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Laura Di Manno
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steve Allsop
- Curtin University, National Drug Research Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Liana Leach
- Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Newby JM, Werner-Seidler A, Black MJ, Hirsch CR, Moulds ML. Content and Themes of Repetitive Thinking in Postnatal First-Time Mothers. Front Psychol 2021; 12:586538. [PMID: 33603697 PMCID: PMC7884627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.586538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive thinking (RT) predicts and maintains depression and anxiety, yet the role of RT in the perinatal context has been under-researched. Further, the content and themes that emerge during RT in the perinatal period have been minimally investigated. We recruited an online community sample of women who had their first baby within the past 12 months (n = 236). Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires which included four open-ended questions about the content of their RT. Responses to the latter were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Participants reported RT about a range of unexpected emotional responses to becoming a new mother, impact on their sleep and cognitive functioning, as well as the impact on their identity, sense of self, lifestyle, achievements, and ability to function. RT was commonly experienced in first-time mothers, and the themes that emerged conveyed an overall sense of discrepancy between expectations and reality, as well as adjustment to profound change. By providing insight into the content of RT in new mothers, the findings of our study have scope to inform the content of interventions that seek to prevent and treat postnatal mental health problems, particularly those which target key psychological processes such as RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M. Newby
- Black Dog Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Melissa J. Black
- Black Dog Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Colette R. Hirsch
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L. Moulds
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wells MB, Aronson O. Paternal postnatal depression and received midwife, child health nurse, and maternal support: A cross-sectional analysis of primiparous and multiparous fathers. J Affect Disord 2021; 280:127-135. [PMID: 33212403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fathers want more professional and social support during the transition to fatherhood. It is unclear if these supports are associated with decreased depressive symptoms in fathers of infants. AIM The aim of the current study was to assess if fathers' self-reported received professional and social support were related to changes in the odds for having depressive symptoms, with interaction terms focusing on differences of support based on the fathers' parity. METHODS In total, 612 fathers from Sweden completed a Facebook-advertised anonymous online survey. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to detect depressive symptoms (≥10 points). Multiple imputation of missing data was performed. Logistic regressions were used, with interaction terms for fathers' parity. RESULTS Around 21% of fathers had depressive symptoms. There were no associations between depressive symptoms frequencies and paternal parity. Fathers reported fewer depressive symptoms when they received professional support from the prenatal midwife (OR = .39, p = .007), labor/birth midwife/nurse team (OR = .42, p = .021), and child health nurse (OR = .25, p = .001), as well as social support from their partner and if they had a higher income (odds ratios vary in different models). Multiparous fathers received significantly less professional and social support and were less frequently invited to child health visits than primiparous fathers. LIMITATIONS The data collected was cross-sectional; therefore, causal links cannot be determined. CONCLUSIONS Both primiparous and multiparous fathers should receive postnatal depression screenings and interventions to help reduce their depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Wells
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet.
| | - Olov Aronson
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University
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35
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Song R, Song L. The Dampen Effect of Psychological Capital on Adolescent Depression: a Moderated Mediation Model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Screening for Early Signs of Paternal Perinatal Affective Disorder in Expectant Fathers: A Cluster Analysis Approach. J Pers Med 2020; 11:jpm11010010. [PMID: 33374704 PMCID: PMC7822454 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies documented gender-related differences in the expression of Perinatal Affective Disorders. However, little attention has been paid to screening the male population during the perinatal period. This study was based on three aims: (1) to investigate the mental health of expectant fathers based on their levels of depression, anxiety, addiction, anger attacks/hostility, and somatization, identifying psychological profiles; (2) to analyze the association between these profiles and the individual variable of perceived stress; (3) and to examine the association between these profiles and the couple’s variable of marital adjustment. A total of 350 Italian expectant fathers in the last trimester of pregnancy were asked to fill in questionnaires concerning perceived stress, dyadic adjustment, psychiatric symptomatology, and depression. Three different clusters were found: “psychologically healthy men” (68%) with low levels of symptoms on all the scales; “men at risk of externalized behavioral problems” (17.1%), characterized by one or more addictive or risky behaviors and moderate levels of scales scores; and “men experiencing psychological distress” (14.9%), with the highest scores on all the scales. A significant association emerged among the perceived stress, marital adjustment, and cluster membership. These results highlight the importance of screening fathers in perinatal health services, which are still predominantly mother-centered, and underscore the necessity to create tailored and personalized interventions.
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Baglioni C, Tang NKY, Johann AF, Altena E, Bramante A, Riemann D, Palagini L. Insomnia and poor sleep quality during peripartum: a family issue with potential long term consequences on mental health. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:4534-4542. [PMID: 33267621 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1854718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving maternal's health is a worldwide priority. Sleep is a fundamental operating state of the central nervous system and it may be one of the most important psychophysiological processes for brain function and mental health. The study of maternal sleep problem including insomnia, however, implies deepening our understanding of family context. Family systems are dynamic and involve reciprocal interactions among members during day and night. So far, however, maternal and children's sleep has been rarely studied in a family perspective, and paternal sleep has often been neglected. METHODS The present work summarizes in a narrative review the state of the art of our current knowledge on the role of insomnia and poor quality of sleep for mental health in all family members in the peripartum period. The mother, the father, the child and the family interactive perspectives are considered. RESULTS Insomnia and poor sleep problems are frequent in all family members during peripartum. Poor sleep and insomnia symptoms are recognized as important risk factors for mental health in adults and children. Despite this alarming evidence, sleep is rarely assessed in clinical contexts. CONCLUSIONS Clinical implications include the utmost relevance of assessing sleep problems during pregnancy and early post-partum. Insomnia and poor sleep quality should be evaluated and treated in the clinical practice by using a "family perspective."
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome 'G. Marconi' - Telematic, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole K Y Tang
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - Anna F Johann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ellemarije Altena
- UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, Neuroimagerie et Cognition Humaine, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alessandra Bramante
- Italian Section of Marcè Society for Perinatal Mental Health, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Palagini
- Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Wynter K, Francis LM, Fletcher R, McBride N, Dowse E, Wilson N, Di Manno L, Teague S, Macdonald JA. Sleep, mental health and wellbeing among fathers of infants up to one year postpartum: A scoping review. Midwifery 2020; 88:102738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Oyelade OO, Olowe AO. Fathers get depressed too: lifestyle and relationship factors, stress and sleep quality are associated with depression in new fathers in the first 6 months postbirth. Evid Based Nurs 2020; 23:76. [PMID: 31462427 DOI: 10.1136/ebnurs-2019-103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oyeyemi Olajumoke Oyelade
- Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun-State, Nigeria
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of clinical sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos state, Nigeria
| | - Atinuke Oluwatoyosi Olowe
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of clinical sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos state, Nigeria
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Gardner WL, Rotella KN, Nikolovski J. Implicit Maternal Intuition Confidence Is Associated With Maternal Well-Being Across Cultures. Front Psychol 2020; 11:289. [PMID: 32153480 PMCID: PMC7047325 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition to motherhood involves the experience of each individual mother and child, as well as the burden of cultural expectations. Social desirability demands may impede self reports of difficulties during the transition to motherhood when using traditional explicit measures. One core component of maternal role attainment is a mother's confidence in her own intuitive knowledge of her child. This brief report presents two studies that examine a "low technology" implicit measure of maternal intuition confidence that is based within a more general decision confidence paradigm. Study 1 examined the association of both implicit and explicit maternal intuition confidence with depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and maternal identity satisfaction in a United States sample of mothers. The implicit measure contributed to variance in each of the outcome measures, above and beyond an explicit measure. Study 2 explored the association of implicit maternal intuition confidence with life satisfaction and maternal identity satisfaction in Brazil, China, India, the United States and the United Kingdom. Across all samples, implicit maternal intuition confidence was significantly associated with satisfaction with life. However, it was significantly associated with maternal identity satisfaction only in the two individualistic countries (the United States and the United Kingdom), but not in the three collectivist countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi L. Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Neri E, Giovagnoli S, Genova F, Benassi M, Stella M, Agostini F. Reciprocal Influence of Depressive Symptoms Between Mothers and Fathers During the First Postpartum Year: A Comparison Among Full-Term, Very Low, and Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:578264. [PMID: 33363482 PMCID: PMC7752896 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Perinatal depression (PND) in mothers and fathers of very low and extremely low birth weight (VLBW and ELBW) infants has not been studied extensively. In particular, no studies investigated the reciprocal influence of depressive symptoms during the first 12 months postpartum. This study aimed at exploring the impact of the severity of prematurity on maternal and paternal PND during the first postpartum year; specifically, we used an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to test the interdependence of both partners on depressive symptoms. Methods: A total of 177 mothers and 177 fathers were recruited, divided into 38 couples with ELBW infants, 56 with VLBW, and 83 of full-term (FT) infants. PND was evaluated by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 3, 9, and 12 months postpartum (corrected age for preterm infants). Results: Maternal depressive symptoms at 3 months were positively related to those at 9 and 12 months in the 3 groups. Conversely, paternal depressive symptoms assessed at 3 months were positively related to those measured at 9 months for the ELBW group, 12 months for the VLBW group, 9 and 12 months for FT condition. Furthermore, a significantly positive partner effect was observed regarding the influence of 3 month maternal depressive symptoms on paternal depressive symptoms at 9 months, but only in the case of the VLBW group. Conclusion: Prematurity represents a very specific scenario in the transition to parenthood, leading to specific reactions in mothers and fathers, especially in high-risk conditions. Results should be deepened given the relevance of their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Neri
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Giovagnoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Genova
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Stella
- Padiatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
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Verbe J, Dubertret C, El-Hage W, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Duriez P. [GABAergic approach of postpartum depression: A translational review of literature]. Encephale 2019; 46:123-134. [PMID: 31767256 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) ranges from 10 to 15 % of parturients. The impact of the PPD is major on the maternal bond and the health of both mother and child. Its physiopathological mechanisms appear to differ from other types of depression. Today, pharmacotherapy is based on nonspecific treatment, and recent therapeutic advances in this field require a comprehensive approach of the implication of the GABAergic system in the development of PPD. Neurosteroid levels during pregnancy and after parturition and the GABA-A-r modulation are thought to be involved in PPD. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if the GABAergic approach is relevant in postpartum depression management. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of literature based on the MEDLINE database with the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): "postpartum depression", "GABA", "ganaxolone", "brexanolone", "allopregnanolone", prior to September 2019. We selected articles in English: preclinical and clinical studies, literature review, observational and therapeutic studies. RESULTS Preclinical models (mouse and rat) show changes in GABAergic inhibition in the peripartum period and correlation between allopregnanolone and GABA-A-r plasticity. This plasticity in the peripartum period maintains levels of inhibition adapted despite increased neurosteroid levels. KO models for the GABA-A-r δ subunit develop depression and anxiety symptoms in the postpartum period, and a change in the expression of the gene coding for the GABA-R alpha-4 subunit was found. Artificial inhibition of progesterone metabolism during post-partum increased depression symptoms. GABAergic fluctuation seems to be interrelated with other systems such as those of oxytocins. A synthetic neurosteroid (SGE-516) was tested on mouse models of PPD, KO for δ-GABA-A-r or KCC2, and showed decreased depressive symptoms and better mothering. Clinical studies confirm neurosteroid fluctuation and changes in the GABAergic system during the peripartum period. Allopregnanolone is the neurosteroid the most studied in PPD, and it is elevated in the brain during the pregnancy. Studies disagree on the presence of significant differences in allopregnanolone plasma levels during pregnancy or postpartum between women with PPD or not. Women with a history of PPD have greater susceptibility to neurosteroid withdrawal. Imagery and genetical data also show a link between allopregnanolone and PPD. The GABA-A-r may not recover in time following a reduced number during pregnancy, and this mismatch between neurosteroid levels and their receptor may trigger PPD. Several randomized controlled trials investigated brexanolone administrated IV, a synthetic formulation of allopregnanolone, and demonstrated a rapid and well tolerated reduction in depressive symptoms. In March 2019 brexanolone obtained FDA approval in PPD indication under the name Zulresso. However, there are differences in the time of beginning of PPD, which could constitute different subgroups of this disease, and which physiopathology could respond to different mechanisms. Prenatal depression does not respond to a GABAergic approach, but women without any risk factor or previous mood disorder developing PPD in the weeks following childbirth could be particularly responsive to this kind of treatment. CONCLUSION Disability to modulate GABA-A-r expression during pregnancy and restore its previous state after parturition appears to trigger PPD. The GABAergic system is a promising pharmacotherapy target. From preclinical to clinical studies for about twenty years the GABAergic system has been incriminated and targeted in this challenging mental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Verbe
- Pôle de psychiatrie addictologie, clinique psychiatrique universitaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - C Dubertret
- Hôpital Louis-Mourier, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm 1266, institut de psychiatrie et de neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - W El-Hage
- Pôle de psychiatrie addictologie, clinique psychiatrique universitaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - F Bonnet-Brilhault
- Pôle de pédopsychiatrie, centre universitaire de pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - P Duriez
- Inserm 1266, institut de psychiatrie et de neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France; Clinique des maladies mentales et de l'encéphale, GHU Paris psychiatrie et neurosciences, Paris, France.
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Sexual well-being and perceived stress in couples transitioning to parenthood: A dyadic analysis. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2019; 19:198-208. [PMID: 31516498 PMCID: PMC6732775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective The transition to parenthood encompasses several psychological and relational changes that might contribute to couples’ high levels of stress postpartum. Although common across the postpartum, couples’ sexual changes are frequently overlooked. Method We surveyed 255 mixed-sex new parent couples to examine the associations between sexual well-being—sexual satisfaction, desire, and postpartum sexual concerns—and perceived stress postpartum. Couples completed self-report questionnaires assessing perceived stress and sexual well-being. Results For both mothers and fathers, greater sexual satisfaction was associated with their partners’ lower perceived stress and, for fathers, this was also associated with their own lower perceived stress. For mothers, greater partner-focused sexual desire was associated with their own lower perceived stress whereas, for fathers, greater partner-focused sexual desire was associated with their partners’ higher perceived stress. In addition, greater solitary sexual desire and postpartum sexual concerns were associated with both parents’ own higher perceived stress. Conclusions This study highlights the association between sexual well-being and couples’ postpartum stress, suggesting that more positive sexual experiences are linked to lower perceptions of stress across this vulnerable period. Couples’ sexual well-being may be an important target for interventions aimed at helping postpartum couples cope with stress.
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