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Reiss F, Cosma A, Bersia M, Erhart M, Dalmasso P, Devine J, Hulbert S, Catunda C, Gobina I, Giladi A, Jeriček Klanšček H, Ravens-Sieberer U. Adolescents perception of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and associated mental health and well-being: gender, age and socioeconomic differences in 22 countries. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:86. [PMID: 39026340 PMCID: PMC11264767 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19-pandemic has had a profound impact on the lives of adolescents worldwide. This study examined the subjective perception of the COVID-19 pandemic measures and its association with mental health and well-being (i.e., loneliness, life satisfaction and multiple health complaints) among 13- and 15-years-old adolescents from 22 countries. METHODS Data from the cross-national Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2021/22 study were used from representative samples of 22 countries (N = 67,544; 51.9% girls). The self-perceived impact of COVID-19 measure comprised 10 items asking about the impact on several dimensions of adolescent lives (e.g., relationships with family and friends, health, or eating behaviours). Measures of loneliness, multiple health complaints, and life satisfaction were included as indicators of mental health and well-being. A non-parametric multilevel latent class analysis considering individual and country-levels was conducted to identify classes of self-perceived impact of the COVID-19 measures. Multilevel logistic regression models adjusted by age and socioeconomic status were applied to assess the association between COVID-19 measure impact classes and mental health. RESULTS Three classes were identified on individual level encompassing a neutral (51%), positive (31%), or negative (18%) perception of COVID-19 measures. A third of the adolescents reported a positive impact of the pandemic measures. The distribution of classes was heterogeneous within and across countries. Within the positive COVID-19 measure impact class, social relationships were the most important dimension, whereas mental health problems were mostly represented within the negative COVID-19 measure impact class. Girls with a negative perception of pandemic measures showed higher levels of loneliness and multiple health complaints and lower life satisfaction. 15-year-old adolescents and those with a low socioeconomic status reported higher levels of loneliness and lower life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The majority of adolescents perceived the pandemic measures as neutral or positive. Girls, 15-year-old adolescents, and those with low socioeconomic status were at higher risk of suffering from pandemic measures and associated problems of loneliness, multiple health complaints, and low life satisfaction. We conclude that adolescent's mental health and well-being should be considered in the decision-making process by ensuring that the unique challenges of adolescents are adequately addressed in policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Reiss
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Alina Cosma
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Michael Erhart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Alice-Salomon University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Janine Devine
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabina Hulbert
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Carolina Catunda
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Inese Gobina
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
- Education and Research Unit, Childrens' Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ariela Giladi
- Faculty of Education, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Education, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Starks KS, Kamara D, Jacobsen KH. Sedentary Behavior and Physical Inactivity Among Secondary School Students in the 2017 Sierra Leone Global School-Based Student Health Survey. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:433-442. [PMID: 37883953 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2020 World Health Organization Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior are the first to provide evidence-based recommendations for reducing both dimensions of languorous behavior. The relationship between sitting time and exercise remains understudied among diverse adolescent populations worldwide. METHODS The 2017 Sierra Leone Global School-based Student Health Survey was a nationally representative cross-sectional study of secondary school students. RESULTS Of the 2798 participants, 82% did not engage in moderate or vigorous physical activity for at least an hour every day, 25% sat for 3 or more hours each day outside of school and homework, and 87% were physically inactive and/or sedentary based on those thresholds. Girls who never or rarely exercised tended to maintain light physical activity outside of school rather than sitting, while boys who exercised daily tended to be sedentary when they were not playing sports. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY Students spend their waking hours doing a mix of sitting, light physical activity, and moderate or vigorous physical activity. Schools can help reduce sedentarism and increase movement among students. CONCLUSIONS Home, school, and community health interventions may be useful for increasing energy expenditure among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen S Starks
- Department of Health Studies, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23713
| | - Dauda Kamara
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Kathryn H Jacobsen
- Department of Health Studies, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23173
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Li H, Zhang W, Yan J. Physical activity and sedentary behavior among school-going adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: insights from the global school-based health survey. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17097. [PMID: 38680891 PMCID: PMC11055511 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Global School Student Health Survey (GSHS) is being carried out by students in various countries across the globe to advance improved health programs for youth. However, in comparison to high-income countries, adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are generally at an early stage of understanding regarding physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB), often exhibiting low levels of PA and high levels of SB. Furthermore, there is limited evidence connecting PA and SB in school-going adolescents from LMICs. Purpose The objective of this review was to synthesize the available evidence regarding PA and sedentary behavior among school-going adolescents in LMICs using data from the GSHS. Method On March 18, 2023, a systematic literature search was performed across four electronic databases, namely Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO with n odaterestrictions. Studies were eligible if they: (1) utilization of data sourced from the Global Student-based Health Survey; (2) exploration of physical activity; (3) specific focus on adolescents; (4) conducted in low- and middle-income countries; (5) study design encompassing observational; (6) published as English journal articles. Results Among the 29 studies included in the analysis, the majority revealed elevated levels of sedentary behavior and diminished levels of PA in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, notable disparities in physical engagement and sedentary behavior were noted between male and female adolescents (p < 0.001). Augmented PA among teenagers was observed to correlate with higher consumption of vegetables and fruits (AOR = 1.30; 95% CI [1.13-1.50]; p < 0.001), decreased alcohol consumption, and a reduced prevalence of loneliness and depression (aOR 1.37, 95% CI [1.18-1.59]). Conclusions The results of this review affirm that in contrast to high-income countries, adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are in the early stages of comprehending physical activity, marked by low levels of PA. Physical activity and sedentary behavior in school-going adolescents from LMICs appear to be influenced by factors such as policies, cultural norms, socioeconomic conditions, as well as gender, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Foundation Department of Education, Shandong Communication and Media College, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Šalčiūnaitė-Nikonovė L, Žemaitaitytė M, Šmigelskas K. Exploring the Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety among Lithuanian Adolescents during Times of Crisis: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:32. [PMID: 38255346 PMCID: PMC10814592 DOI: 10.3390/children11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent events in Europe, like the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War (RUW), might have sparked anxiety among adolescents. This study aimed to compare anxiety levels in Lithuanian adolescents post-COVID-19 peak (Study 1, October 2021) and during the onset of the RUW (Study 2, April-June 2022). Data from 459 participants in Study 1 and 6637 in Study 2, aged 11-17, were collected through HBSC pilot and national surveys in Lithuania. Self-reported questionnaires assessed anxiety, social media use, stress, loneliness, self-efficacy, and peer support factors. Analysis was conducted using multivariable logistic regressions. Notably, anxiety prevalence in Lithuanian adolescents showed no significant difference between Study 1 and Study 2, stabilizing around 24%. In 2021, stress (OR = 5.89, 95% CI 3.11-11.17), problematic social media use (OR = 4.58, 95% CI 1.89-10.58), and female gender (OR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.58-5.22) significantly predicted anxiety. By 2022, stress (OR = 3.68, 95% CI 3.14-4.30), loneliness (OR = 2.85, 95% CI 2.43-3.35), and lower self-efficacy (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.20-1.60) emerged as important predictors. This study enhances our understanding of adolescent anxiety during crises, emphasizing the urgency of addressing multiple factors to manage and support vulnerable youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Šalčiūnaitė-Nikonovė
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Monika Žemaitaitytė
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kastytis Šmigelskas
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Putra IGNE, Pradnyani PE, Putra GW, Astiti NLEP, Derayanti NW, Artini NNA, Astuti PAS, Dendup T, Ratan ZA. Gender differences in social environmental factors of psychological distress among Indonesian adolescents: Findings from the 2015 Global School-based Student Health Survey. J Biosoc Sci 2023; 55:1101-1118. [PMID: 36320184 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932022000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate gender differences in social environmental factors of psychological distress among Indonesian adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using the data from the 2015 Indonesia Global School-based Student Health Survey. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the influences of main independent variables - social environmental factors (i.e., peer support, having close friends, bullying victimisation, physical fight, physical attack, parental supervision, connectedness, bonding), demographic characteristics, and health-related behaviours on the measures of psychological distress (loneliness, anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, and a combination of both measures as psychological distress). RESULTS The prevalence of psychological distress measured as loneliness, anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, and combined psychological distress was 6.12%, 4.52%, and 8.04%, respectively. Findings from multivariate analyses indicated that bullying victimisation, physical attack, experience of hunger (a proxy of socioeconomic status), and sedentary behaviour were associated with all measures of psychological distress. Meanwhile, age, gender, drug use, parental connectedness and bonding, and having no close friends were correlates of one or two measures of psychological distress. Based on gender-stratified analyses, experience of hunger, sedentary behaviour, bullying victimisation, and having no close friends were consistently associated with measures of psychological distress among both girls and boys. In addition, the influence of some social environmental factors, such as parental connectedness, peer support, and physical attack, were more salient among girls. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that social environmental factors, demographic characteristics, and health-related behaviours were associated with psychological distress, and the associations appeared to differ by gender. Interventions that include improving positive social environmental factors (e.g., reducing interpersonal violence, encouraging positive relationships with parents and peers) and promoting healthy behaviours (e.g., less sedentary behaviour, preventing substance use) might help reduce the risk of psychological distress among Indonesian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Mandala Data, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Putu Erma Pradnyani
- Health Polytechnic Kartini Bali, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Mandala Data, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Gede Wirabuana Putra
- Health Polytechnic Kartini Bali, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Mandala Data, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | | | - Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Werneck AO, Araujo RHO, Oyeyemi AL, Silva DR. Social isolation is associated with higher leisure-time sedentary behavior and lower physical activity practice: A multi-country analysis of data from 79 countries from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey. Prev Med 2023; 175:107677. [PMID: 37607660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of social isolation with physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior among adolescents. METHODS We used data from the Global School-based Health Survey, including a representative sample of 296,861 adolescents (11-18y) from 79 countries (48.9% girls, 14.5 ± 1.6 years). Social isolation was estimated by combining the self-reported number of friends and loneliness perception. Physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior were assessed through questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression models were created to analyze the associations of social isolation with physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior. RESULTS Compared with those practicing ≥60 min of physical activity during 1-4 days/week, social isolation was associated with a higher prevalence of not practicing physical activity (Prevalence ratio [PR]:1.24; 95%CI:1.19-1.29), and a lower prevalence of practicing during ≥5d/wk. (PR:0.91; 95%CI:0.88-0.94). Compared with <4 h/d of leisure-time sedentary behavior, being socially isolated was also associated with a higher prevalence of 4-7 h/d (PR: 1.08; 95%CI:1.03-1.14) and ≥ 8 h/d (PR: 1.24; 95%CI:1.16-1.33) of leisure-time sedentary behavior. Compared with those participants without elevated leisure-time sedentary behavior and with those practicing adequate physical activity, social isolation was independently associated with a higher prevalence of physical inactivity (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.15-1.26) and elevated leisure-time sedentary behavior (PR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.14-1.30), as well as with both risk factors simultaneously (PR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.28-1.45). CONCLUSION Reducing social isolation could be an important component of future interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and physical inactivity among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raphael H O Araujo
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
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Schütz R, Bilz L. [Loneliness in childhood and adolescence. On the prevalence of a mental health risk factor among 11- to 15-year-old German students]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03728-x. [PMID: 37261459 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is an increasingly present topic in both public and scientific discourse. There is increasing research on the prevalence of loneliness and health-related correlates in adults. However, there are only a few findings on loneliness in childhood and adolescence in Germany. Therefore, this study aims to present findings on the prevalence of loneliness among 11- to 15-year-old German students and examines associations with socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study is a global research collaboration under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany, the study collected data from 3819 children and adolescents in grades 5, 7, and 9 (Mage = 13.5, SD = 1.6) at schools for general education. Loneliness was assessed using the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale and a single item. RESULTS Of the respondents, 13.2% reported feeling lonely most of the time and 3.6% always. Loneliness was more prevalent among girls and non-binary students, as well as among older students and children and adolescents of lower socioeconomic status. DISCUSSION The findings indicate that loneliness is a widespread phenomenon among children and adolescents. The result that girls, older pupils and children, and adolescents with lower family wealth report feeling lonelier is consistent with findings from other countries and provides starting points for planning prevention measures. Further research is needed in Germany on possible health-related correlates of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schütz
- Institut für Gesundheit, Fakultät für Soziale Arbeit, Gesundheit und Musik, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Deutschland.
| | - Ludwig Bilz
- Institut für Gesundheit, Fakultät für Soziale Arbeit, Gesundheit und Musik, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Deutschland
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Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Heikkinen R, Vasankari T, Virtanen T, Pihlainen K, Honkanen T, Kyröläinen H, Vaara JP. Relationships between psychosocial well-being and leisure time physical activity among 160.000 young Finnish men: a cross-sectional study during 2015-2021. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:26. [PMID: 36797747 PMCID: PMC9936718 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the relationship between psychosocial well-being and physical activity (PA) is insufficient, especially in young adults between 18 and 29 years. Identifying protective factors for psychosocial well-being as well as factors that may promote PA behaviour in this specific age group is crucial.The aim of the present study was to explore the association between self-reported leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and a number of measures of psychosocial well-being in a large sample of Finnish young men. The sample used for this study is based on registers of the Finnish Defence Forces and consist of questionnaire-based data collected from 159,776 young healthy men (18-29 years, mean age 19 years) who started their military service during the period from 2015 to 2021. Sum scores were calculated for self-esteem and prosocial behaviour. Physical activity, number of friends and the relationship with the parents were each measured with a single question. Unadjusted and adjusted (education, financial situation of the family, family structure) logistic regression models were calculated.A multinominal logistic regression analysis showed that a higher level of LTPA was associated with a higher level of both prosocial behaviour (OR 6.12, 95% CI 5.88-6.36) and self-esteem (OR 4.41 95% CI 4.28-4.54). Further, LTPA had a positive relationship with good social relations, both with peers and parents. The odds ratio for participation in any LTPA weekly was higher (OR 2.74; CI 2.27-3.20) among those who had a close and trustworthy relationship with their parents compared to those men with more challenging relationships with their parents (OR 1.77; CI 1.46-2.14). An inactive lifestyle (PA less than once a week) seemed to be most common among men with no friends. About one third (31%) of men with no friends reported to engage in LTPA less than once a week, while only 10% of men with very many good friends reported to engage in similarly inactive LTPA behaviour.LTPA seems to be positively associated with self-esteem, prosocial behaviour and good social relations among young adult men. Actions aimed at promoting LTPA may have a positive impact on psychosocial well-being among young men, or vice versa. The relationship between PA and psychosocial well-being is complex and interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaija Appelqvist-Schmidlechner
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Equality Unit, Helsinki, Finland. .,Centre for Military Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Risto Heikkinen
- Statistical Analysis Services, Analyysitoimisto Statisti Oy, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- grid.415179.f0000 0001 0868 5401UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Toni Virtanen
- Finnish Defence Research Agency, Human Performance Division, Tuusula, Finland
| | - Kai Pihlainen
- Defence Command, Training Division, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Honkanen
- grid.418253.90000 0001 0340 0796Centre for Military Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- grid.449286.50000 0004 0647 6253Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jani P. Vaara
- grid.449286.50000 0004 0647 6253Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Food insecurity is associated with multiple psychological and behavioural problems among adolescents in five Caribbean countries. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:291-304. [PMID: 34957886 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.2019813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess associations between food insecurity and multiple psychological and behavioural problems among adolescents in five Caribbean countries. Data from national and cross-sectional school health surveys from 9,956 adolescents (15 years, median age) in Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, Jamaica, Anguilla and the Dominican Republic in 2016-2017 were analyzed in 2016-2017. Results show that the prevalence of moderate (rarely or sometimes) past-month food insecurity was 35.9% and severe (mostly or always) food insecurity was 4.6%. Severe food insecurity among adolescents ranged from 2.9% in Dominican Republic to 11.2% in Suriname. In adjusted logistic regression analyses, the higher severity of food insecurity was associated with negative psychological outcomes (loneliness, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, anxiety, current tobacco use and any trouble from alcohol use) and negative behavioural outcomes (truancy, bullied, physically attacked, physical injury, and multiple sexual partners). Two out of five adolescents experienced some form of food security. Food interventions, such as school feeding programmes, are warranted to reduce negative psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- Asean Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Examining mediators of associations of food insecurity and being bullied with suicide among in-school adolescents in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1668. [PMID: 36717579 PMCID: PMC9886993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the potential mediating roles of anxiety and loneliness on the association of concurrent food insecurity (FI) and being bullied (BB) with suicidal behavior (SB) in Eswatini, a lower-middle-income country. We used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS; N = 3264), which employed a two-stage cluster sampling: first, 25 schools were selected based on the proportionate probability of enrollment; second, classes were randomly selected. A self-reported 84-item GSHS questionnaire was used to collect data for students aged 13-17 years. FI was measured by requesting students to recall how often they went hungry because of a lack of food at home in the 30 days before the study. Multiple logistic regressions and binary mediation function was applied to examine mediating factors of SB. The prevalence of SB, FI, and BB among adolescents was 27.5%, 7.7%, and 30.2%, respectively. Moreover, the relationship between FI and BB with SB was partly (approximately 24%) mediated by anxiety and loneliness. Our results highlight the mediating roles of anxiety and loneliness in suicidal adolescents who experience FI and BB. In conclusion, interventions for alleviating SB in high-risk adolescents experiencing FI and BB should also be aimed at ameliorating anxiety and loneliness.
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Luhmann M, Buecker S, Rüsberg M. Loneliness across time and space. NATURE REVIEWS PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 2:9-23. [PMID: 36406179 PMCID: PMC9640887 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-022-00124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
People feel lonely when their social needs are not met by the quantity and quality of their social relationships. Most research has focused on individual-level predictors of loneliness. However, macro-level factors related to historical time and geographic space might influence loneliness through their effects on individual-level predictors. In this Review, we summarize empirical findings on differences in the prevalence of loneliness across historical time and geographical space and discuss four groups of macro-level factors that might account for these differences: values and norms, family and social lives, technology and digitalization, and living conditions and availability of individual resources. Regarding historical time, media reports convey that loneliness is on the rise, but the empirical evidence is mixed, at least before the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding geographical space, national differences in loneliness are linked to differences in cultural values (such as individualism) but might also be due to differences in the sociodemographic composition of the population. Research on within-country differences in loneliness is scarce but suggests an influence of neighbourhood characteristics. We conclude that a more nuanced understanding of the effects of macro-level factors on loneliness is necessary because of their relevance for public policy and propose specific directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Luhmann
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XFaculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Susanne Buecker
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XFaculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marilena Rüsberg
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XFaculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Oshimi D, Kinoshita K. Relationship between residents’ sporting life and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in Hiroshima: the mediating role of PERMA in sport. MANAGING SPORT AND LEISURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23750472.2022.2147857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Oshimi
- School of Physical Education, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
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Kim J, Kim H, Jang SI, Park EC. Association between sedentary behavior and depression among South Korean adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:622. [PMID: 36131259 PMCID: PMC9490727 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The symptoms and outcomes of depressed mood are considered severe social issues among Korean adolescents. However, it is difficult to detect depressed mood and evaluate the factors associated with suicide among such individuals. Identifying the risk factors of depressed mood would allow for improved perspectives for interventions. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the association between sedentary behavior and the prevalence of depressed mood. METHODS From 2014 to 2020, the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS), which is a web-based self-report survey, was used for analysis. A total of 366,405 individuals participated in this study. Sedentary behavior was divided into 3 groups based on the duration of sedentary behavior: low sedentary time group (LS, 25 percentile), middle sedentary time group (MS, from 25 to 75 percentile, reference), and high sedentary time group (HS, above 75 percentile). Further, sedentary behavior is divided into 4 subgroups based on weekdays or weekends and owing to studying or non-studying. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used in this study. RESULTS Compared to the MS, which is the reference, male participants in both the LS and HS had experienced depressed mood (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.035, 95% CI = 1.003-1.068 in the LS, adjusted OR: 1.091, CI = 1.055-1.129 in the HS). Among females, only the HS was statistically significant (adjusted OR: 1.039, 95% CI = 1.011-1.069 in HS). Korean adolescents with longer sedentary durations during weekdays regardless of the cause of sedentary behavior are positively associated with depressed mood with suicidality in the HS for both genders. CONCLUSION This study found a positive association between the prevalence of depressed mood and sedentary behavior, and it focused on the cause and timing. Interventions targeting sedentary behavior could be effective in reducing depressed mood and suicidality among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Examining Differences, Relationships, and Predictors for Loneliness in an Adult Population: The Roles of Personal Characteristics, Place of Residence, Leisure Activities, Mental Health, and Social Outcomes. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11090425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is associated with poor mental and social outcomes globally. The literature suggests an association between loneliness and personal characteristics, place of residence, and leisure activities. However, the current literature has produced inconsistent findings and has focused largely on older adults. This study is one of the first to examine the differences, relationships, and predictors of loneliness in an adult population, and the roles of personal characteristics, place of residence, leisure activities, mental health, and social outcomes. A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken. A sample of 155 adults responded, with a mean age of 34.5 years (SD = 13.2), and with 54.1% identifying as female. An analysis revealed experiences of loneliness across the sample. In addition, age was moderately associated with loneliness, while psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and social networks were significantly associated with loneliness. Depressive symptoms were a positive predictor for loneliness, and social networks were a negative predictor for loneliness. This study has confirmed findings from previous research and provided new information on loneliness, which can guide future research and interventions to prevent or support people who suffer from loneliness.
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Pechtl SML, Kim LP, Jacobsen KH. Physical Inactivity and Sedentariness: Languorous Behavior Among Adolescents in 80 Countries. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:950-960. [PMID: 35177343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High rates of adolescent physical inactivity and sedentary behavior have been reported worldwide, but the combined prevalence of languorous behavior (physical inactivity and/or sedentary behavior) may more accurately reflect just how few adolescents meet World Health Organization recommendations. METHODS We analyzed nationally representative data from 325,219 students in 80 countries that participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey between 2009 and 2018. Students were classified as physically inactive if they reported engaging in moderate or vigorous physical activity less than 60 minutes daily. Students were classified as being sedentary if they sat for three or more hours per day outside of school, such as when having screen time not related to studying. Statistics for each country were generated using complex samples analysis, then the results from all countries were synthesized. RESULTS In total, 84% of students were physically inactive, 37% were sedentary, and 91% met the definition for the concept we are calling languorous behavior. DISCUSSION Establishing specific evidence-based guidelines for increasing physical activity and decreasing sitting time will enable progress toward reducing languorous behavior among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M L Pechtl
- Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California
| | - Loan Pham Kim
- Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California.
| | - Kathryn H Jacobsen
- Department of Health Studies, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia
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16
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17
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Surkalim DL, Luo M, Eres R, Gebel K, van Buskirk J, Bauman A, Ding D. The prevalence of loneliness across 113 countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2022; 376:e067068. [PMID: 35140066 PMCID: PMC8826180 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify data availability, gaps, and patterns for population level prevalence of loneliness globally, to summarise prevalence estimates within World Health Organization regions when feasible through meta-analysis, and to examine temporal trends of loneliness in countries where data exist. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus for peer reviewed literature, and Google Scholar and Open Grey for grey literature, supplemented by backward reference searching (to 1 September 2021) ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Observational studies based on nationally representative samples (n≥292), validated instruments, and prevalence data for 2000-19. Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted in the subset of studies with relatively homogeneous research methods by measurement instrument, age group, and WHO region. RESULTS Prevalence data were available for 113 countries or territories, according to official WHO nomenclature for regions, from 57 studies. Data were available for adolescents (12-17 years) in 77 countries or territories, young adults (18-29 years) in 30 countries, middle aged adults (30-59 years) in 32 countries, and older adults (≥60 years) in 40 countries. Data for all age groups except adolescents were lacking outside of Europe. Overall, 212 estimates for 106 countries from 24 studies were included in meta-analyses. The pooled prevalence of loneliness for adolescents ranged from 9.2% (95% confidence interval 6.8% to 12.4%) in South-East Asia to 14.4% (12.2% to 17.1%) in the Eastern Mediterranean region. For adults, meta-analysis was conducted for the European region only, and a consistent geographical pattern was shown for all adult age groups. The lowest prevalence of loneliness was consistently observed in northern European countries (2.9%, 1.8% to 4.5% for young adults; 2.7%, 2.4% to 3.0% for middle aged adults; and 5.2%, 4.2% to 6.5% for older adults) and the highest in eastern European countries (7.5%, 5.9% to 9.4% for young adults; 9.6%, 7.7% to 12.0% for middle aged adults; and 21.3%, 18.7% to 24.2% for older adults). CONCLUSION Problematic levels of loneliness are experienced by a substantial proportion of the population in many countries. The substantial difference in data coverage between high income countries (particularly Europe) and low and middle income countries raised an important equity issue. Evidence on the temporal trends of loneliness is insufficient. The findings of this meta-analysis are limited by data scarcity and methodological heterogeneity. Loneliness should be incorporated into general health surveillance with broader geographical and age coverage, using standardised and validated measurement tools. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019131448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Surkalim
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre (D17), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mengyun Luo
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre (D17), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Robert Eres
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph van Buskirk
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre (D17), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre (D17), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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18
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Khan A, Khan S, Burton N. Insufficient physical activity and high sedentary behaviour are associated with loneliness in adolescents with overweight/obesity: Evidence from 23 low- and middle-income countries. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12836. [PMID: 34313029 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Overweight and obesity among young people is a major concern with implications for social wellbeing. We aimed to evaluate the associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with loneliness among adolescents with overweight/obesity. METHODS Data were used from the Global School-based Student Health Surveys, collected from 23 low-and-middle-income countries. RESULTS Of the 12,133 participants aged 12-17 years with overweight/obesity (48.4% girls), 12% were lonely, with a wide variation across countries ranging from 4% in Laos to 32% in Afghanistan. Overall, 31% had high SB (≥3 hours/day) and 86% were not sufficiently active (<7 days/week of ≥ 60 mins/day). High SB and insufficient PA were positively associated with loneliness (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.38, aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.18-1.59, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Future research could examine the direction of these relationships and evaluate strategies to optimise these indicators of social wellbeing among adolescents with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shanchita Khan
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicola Burton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Vancampfort D, Mugisha J, Byansi PK, Namutebi H, Rosenbaum S, Lukwata H, Ward PB. Mental contrasting and implementation of physical activity intentions in Ugandan primary care patients with mental health problems: A real-world intervention involving support partners. Psychiatry Res 2022; 307:114335. [PMID: 34920396 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the efficacy of lay health worker (LHW)-led physical activity (PA) counselling for primary care patients with mental health problems (PCMH) and their support partners. Forty-nine (41♀, median age=47, interquartile range=22) PCMH and 49 support partners [9♀, 31(9)years] participated in once weekly counselling based on the mental contrasting and implementation of intentions framework for 8 weeks. All participants completed the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHODAS 2), while PCMH completed the Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) pre- and immediately post-intervention. In PCMH significant (P<0.001) increases in walking, exercising and incidental PA (SIMPAQ) levels, reductions in depressive (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) symptoms and improvements in mobility and participation (WHODAS 2) were observed. Perceived support from significant others (MSPSS) significantly increased. In support partners, a significant reduction in time spent sedentary, increase in incidental PA (SIMPAQ) and improvement in the perception of getting alone with others (WHODAS 2) was seen. Our study demonstrates that LHW-led PA counselling is beneficial for PCMH and their support partners. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these positive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.
| | - James Mugisha
- Kyambogo University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Kayiira Byansi
- Africa Social Development & Health Initiatives, Kampala, Uganda; Uganda Martyrs University, Faculty of Health Science, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hilda Namutebi
- Africa Social Development & Health Initiatives, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hafsa Lukwata
- Division of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Philip B Ward
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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20
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Li L, Sheehan CM, Petrov ME, Mattingly JL. Prospective associations between sedentary behavior and physical activity in adolescence and sleep duration in adulthood. Prev Med 2021; 153:106812. [PMID: 34560096 PMCID: PMC8638459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate whether sedentary screen time (SST) and physical activity in adolescence were related to sleep duration in adulthood and whether these associations varied by sex. We analyzed data from 9279 adolescents who participated in Waves I and V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) in the United States. SST was measured by reported hours spent watching television/videos or playing video/computer games per week. Physical activity was measured with participation in school team club sports and frequency (times/week) of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results from multinomial regression models indicated that adolescents with more SST, particularly 15-21 h (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02-1.36) or 22 or more hours (RRR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35) compared to 0-7 h per week SST, had significantly higher relative risk of short sleep (six or fewer hours) in adulthood, after controlling for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status and health behaviors at Waves I and V, sleep duration at Wave I, and SST and MVPA at Wave V. The association between 22 or more hours per week SST in adolescence and later short sleep varied by sex (RRR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58-0.95) and was significantly stronger among males. Measures of physical activity in adolescence did not predict sleep duration. Decreasing adolescents' SST to prevent suboptimal sleep later in development may be a target for further investigation, particularly for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfeng Li
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Connor M Sheehan
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Global Sport Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America.
| | - Megan E Petrov
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L Mattingly
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
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21
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Vancampfort D, Firth J, Smith L, Stubbs B, Rosenbaum S, Hallgren M, Van Damme T, Koyanagi A. Association between physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior among 140,808 adolescents aged 12 to 15 from 47 low- and middle-income countries. Public Health 2021; 199:1-9. [PMID: 34509709 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data from high-income countries (HICs) indicate that sedentary behavior is negatively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in young people. We examined associations between leisure-time sedentary behavior (LTSB) and MVPA in adolescents from 47 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey were analyzed in 140,808 adolescents (13.8 ± 1.0 years; 49% girls). Time spent in LTSB was a composite variable assessing time spent sitting and playing computer games, watching TV, talking with friends during a typical day. The PACE + Adolescent Physical Activity Measure assessed MVPA levels. The association between ≥3 h/day of LTSB and adequate physical activity levels (every day last week 60 min MVPA) was explored with multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of ≥3 h/day of LTSB and 60 min of MVPA/day last week were 26.3% (girls 26.2%; boys 26.5%) and 15.3% (girls 12.1%; boys 18.4%), respectively. LTSB of ≥3 h/day versus <3 h/day was associated with a 35% increased odds for adequate levels of MVPA in boys [OR = 1.35 (95%CI = 1.23-1.48)] and 22% in girls [1.22 (95%CI = 1.10-1.36)]. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that being physically active 60 min per day every day and at moderate-to-vigorous intensity and being sedentary ≥3 h/day during leisure-time might co-exist in adolescents in some LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vancampfort
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.
| | - J Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Hallgren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Van Damme
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and associated factors of loneliness among a national sample of in-school adolescents in Morocco. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2021.1928918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tokay Argan M, Mersin S. Life satisfaction, life quality, and leisure satisfaction in health professionals. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:660-666. [PMID: 33216397 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to determine the relationships between life satisfaction, life quality, and leisure satisfaction in health professionals. DESIGN AND METHODS The study was conducted with 498 health professionals working in a city of the Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. Data were collected using Socio-Demographic Form, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Short Form of World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Leisure Satisfaction Scale. FINDINGS There was a positive significant relationship between life satisfaction, life quality, and leisure satisfaction. As the level of leisure satisfaction of health professionals increases, the life satisfaction, and life quality also increase. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Rise in the level of leisure satisfaction is important to increase life satisfaction and improve life quality of health professionals. Therefore, leisure patterns and behaviors that increase leisure satisfaction should be integrated into daily lives of these professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehpare Tokay Argan
- Department of Tourism Guidance, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Mersin
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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24
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Khan A, Rosenbaum S. Relationship between sedentary behaviours and loneliness: Mediating role of fast food and soft drink consumption. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:907-908. [PMID: 33156524 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
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25
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Macià D, Cattaneo G, Solana J, Tormos JM, Pascual-Leone A, Bartrés-Faz D. Meaning in Life: A Major Predictive Factor for Loneliness Comparable to Health Status and Social Connectedness. Front Psychol 2021; 12:627547. [PMID: 33716892 PMCID: PMC7943478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Loneliness is the subjective distress of feeling alone and has a strong impact on wellbeing and health. In addition to well-known predictors like isolation and poor health, a better understanding of the psychological determinants of loneliness would offer effective targets for future complementary interventions. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study (N = 2,240), we compared the explanatory power of several important risk factors of loneliness with the affective, motivational, and cognitive aspects of the Meaning in Life (MiL) construct. Different nested linear models were compared including socio-demographic, lifestyles, social-connectedness, and self-rated health variables, to assess the overlapping and non-overlapping explanatory power of each of them. Results: Health status and MiL were found to be the most important predictors of loneliness, followed by social connectedness and, with a much lower weight, lifestyles, and socio-demographic factors. Within the MiL factor, the most cognitive component, sense of coherence, had a greater explanatory power than the more affective and motivational ones. Conclusion: Reduced MiL, the capacity of an individual to attach "value and significance" to life, is a crucial predictor to the feeling of loneliness. These results suggest that programs aiming to combat loneliness should go well beyond situational interventions and include more cognitive, value-centered interventions that enable individuals to define and pursue a meaningful vital plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dídac Macià
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Cattaneo
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Javier Solana
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José M. Tormos
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Oficina de Recerca i Innovació, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Spain
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Loneliness is associated with poor mental health, social-environmental factors, and health risk behaviours among national samples of in-school adolescents in four Caribbean countries. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:559-570. [PMID: 33586531 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1883071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to estimate associations of loneliness with poor mental health, social-environmental and health risk behaviour indicators among adolescents in the Caribbean. Cross-sectional national 'Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)' data of four Caribbean countries (N = 9,143 adolescents) in 2016-2017 were analysed. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, loneliness was significantly positively associated with all five poor mental health outcomes (having no close friends, anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt). Regarding social-environmental outcomes, loneliness was significantly positively associated with bullying victimization, having been physically attacked, involvement in fighting, frequent experiences of hunger and passive smoking (in particular among boys). In terms of health risk behaviour outcomes, loneliness significantly increased the odds for current tobacco use, ever drunk, trouble from alcohol use, ever amphetamine use, multiple sexual partners, leisure-time sedentary behaviour, injury and frequent soft drink consumption. In addition, among boys, loneliness increased the likelihood for current cannabis use. Loneliness is associated with poorer mental health, social-environmental risk factors and health risk behaviours. Results show the importance of taking loneliness into account in a number of mental, social, and physical health factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- 1ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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Vancampfort D, Byansi PK, Namutebi H, Kinyanda E, Bbosa RS, Ward PB, Lukwata H, Mugisha J. The efficacy of a lay health workers – led physical activity counselling program in patients with HIV and mental health problems: a real-world intervention from Uganda. AIDS Care 2021; 33:1189-1195. [PMID: 33487031 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1874268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study explored the efficacy of a lay health worker (LHW)-led physical activity (PA) counselling program for inactive patients with HIV/AIDS and mental health problems living in a Ugandan farming community. In total 49 (35 women) community patients (40.0 ± 11.2 years) followed an 8-week once weekly LHW-led PA counselling program based on a self-determination theory and motivational interviewing framework. Participants completed the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, HIV/AIDS Stress Scale and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHODAS 2) pre- and immediately post-intervention. Small, significant (P < 0.05) effect sizes were found for reductions in HIV/AIDS-related stress (Cohen's d = 0.26) and in global disability (Cohen's d = 0.46). Large effect sizes were observed for reductions in time spent sedentary (Cohen's d = 1.97) and reductions in depressive (Cohen's d = 2.04) and anxiety (Cohen's d = 1.47) symptoms and increases in time spent active (Cohen's d = 1.98). Greater decrease in sedentary time was associated with greater anxiety symptoms reduction (r = 0.32, P = 0.021). In physically inactive patients with HIV/AIDS and mental health problems, an LHW-led PA counselling program reduced stress, anxiety, depression and disability. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these preliminary positive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Peter Kayiira Byansi
- Africa Social Development & Health Initiatives, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda Martyrs University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hilda Namutebi
- Africa Social Development & Health Initiatives, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eugene Kinyanda
- Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Mental Health Project, MRC/LSHTM/UVRI and Senior Wellcome Trust Fellow, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Philip B. Ward
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Hafsa Lukwata
- Mental Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Mugisha
- Butabika National Referral and Mental Health Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
- Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
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Tan SL, Jetzke M, Vergeld V, Müller C. Independent and Combined Associations of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Activity Intensities With Perceived Stress Among University Students: Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2020; 6:e20119. [PMID: 33174855 PMCID: PMC7688394 DOI: 10.2196/20119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is an emerging topic on university campuses, with students reporting higher levels of psychological distress than the general population of the same age. Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time have been proved promising measures to promote mental health in the general population. However, to derive and implement effective measures to promote mental health among university students, further exploration of the associations between physical activity, sedentary time, and perceived stress in this specific setting is needed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify associations between physical activity, sedentary time, and perceived stress after controlling for sociodemographic and behavioral variables among university students in Germany. We hypothesize that perceived stress is inversely related to physical activity and positively associated with sedentary time. Furthermore, we hypothesize that combined associations of concurrently high physical activity and low sedentary time on perceived stress are stronger compared with either alone and that the association between physical activity and perceived stress depends on activity intensity. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional analyses from a large-scale internet-based student health survey (n=4189; response rate=10.0%). Physical activity, sedentary time, and engaging in moderate and vigorous activity intensities were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form with categorization into low, intermediate, and high levels. We measured perceived stress using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (range 0-40). RESULTS The results indicate that higher physical activity and lower sedentary time are associated with reduced levels of perceived stress. Following adjustment for gender, BMI, income, fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, and sleep quality, perceived stress scores were lower for students reporting high physical activity levels and low sedentary time compared with the least active and highly sedentary students (Perceived Stress Scale -2.2, 95% CI -2.9 to -1.5, P<.001 for physical activity and -1.1, CI 95% -1.7 to -0.5, P<.001 for sedentary time). Combined associations with perceived stress revealed that students concurrently reporting high total physical activity and low sedentary time reported the lowest perceived stress scores of all possible combinations following adjustment for confounders (Perceived Stress Scale -3.5, CI 95% -4.6 to -2.5, P<.001 compared with students reporting low physical activity levels and concurrently high sedentary time). Associations between vigorous physical activities and perceived stress were not stronger compared with moderate activity intensities. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported physical activity and low sedentary time are favorably associated with perceived stress, while the intensity of physical activities seems to be of minor importance. These results help to effectively implement health-promoting measures on campus among university students through increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ling Tan
- Department for Social Sciences of Sport, Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Malte Jetzke
- Department for Social Sciences of Sport, Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Vera Vergeld
- Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- University Sports, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Physical Therapy, European University of Applied Sciences, Cologne (Köln), Germany
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Loneliness Among National Samples of In-School Adolescents in Four Caribbean Countries. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:2669-2683. [PMID: 33084488 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120968502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of loneliness among adolescent school children in four Caribbean countries. METHODS Nationally representative cross-sectional data were analysed from 9,143 adolescents (15 years=median age) that took part in the "2016 Dominican Republic, 2016 Suriname, 2017 Jamaica and 2017 Trinidad and Tobago "Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)." RESULTS The prevalence of loneliness was 15.3% in four Caribbean countries, ranging from 12.1% in Dominican Republic to 18.6% in Jamaica. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, female sex, having no close friends, older age, anxiety induced sleep disturbance, frequent bullying victimization (≥3 days/month), having been physically attacked, parental emotional neglect, having sustained multiple serious injuries (past year) and not eating fruit and vegetables were associated with loneliness. In addition, in sex stratified adjusted logistic regression analysis, among boys, daily exposure to passive smoking, and being from Suriname, and among girls, frequent experience of hunger, low peer support, trouble from drinking alcohol and high leisure-time sedentary behaviour (≥8 hrs/day) were associated with loneliness. Moreover, in addition to above results, in unadjusted analysis, involvement in physical fight, parents never check on homework, parental disrespect of privacy, frequent school truancy (≥3 days/month), current tobacco use, having no physical education and drinking frequently soft drinks (≥3/day) were associated with loneliness. CONCLUSION Almost one in six students reported loneliness and several associated factors were identified which can aid intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Burns RD, Bai Y, Pfledderer CD, Brusseau TA, Byun W. Movement Behaviors and Perceived Loneliness and Sadness within Alaskan Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6866. [PMID: 32962220 PMCID: PMC7558989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity, screen use, and sleep are behaviors that integrate across the whole day. However, the accumulative influence of meeting recommendations for these 24-h movement behaviors on the mental health of Alaskan adolescents has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between movement behaviors, loneliness, and sadness within Alaskan adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2019 Alaska Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). The number of adolescents participating in the 2019 Alaska YRBS was 1897. Associations between meeting recommendations for movement behaviors with loneliness and sadness were examined using weighted logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). Approximately 5.0% of the sample met recommendations for all three movement behaviors. Meeting 2 or 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower odds of loneliness (odds ratio (OR) range = 0.23 to 0.44, p < 0.01). Additionally, meeting 1 to 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower odds of sadness (OR range = 0.29 to 0.52, p < 0.05). Joint association analyses determined that these relationships were primarily driven by meeting the sleep recommendation for loneliness and meeting the screen use recommendation for sadness. The results support use of multiple movement-based behavior programming to attenuate feelings of loneliness and sadness within Alaskan adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Burns
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.B.); (C.D.P.); (T.A.B.); (W.B.)
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Felez-Nobrega M, Raine LB, Haro JM, Wijndaele K, Koyanagi A. Temporal trends in leisure-time sedentary behavior among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 26 countries in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:102. [PMID: 32787874 PMCID: PMC7424676 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-country studies examining trends in sedentary behaviors among adolescents have mainly focused on high-income or Western countries, and almost no data exists for the rest of the world. Thus, this study aims to examine temporal trends in adolescents’ leisure time sedentary behavior (LTSB) employing nationally representative datasets from 26 countries from five WHO-defined geographical regions. Methods Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003–2017 were analyzed in 17,734 adolescents [mean (SD) age: 13.7 (1.0) years; 49.0% boys]. LTSB was self-reported and included all types of sedentary behaviors, excluding time spent at school or doing homework. The prevalence and 95%CI of high LTSB (i.e., ≥3 h/day) was calculated for the overall sample and by sex for each survey. Crude linear trends in high LTSB were assessed by linear regression models. Interaction analyses were conducted to examine differing trends among boys and girls. Results Temporal variations in LTSB substantially diverged across countries, with results showing increasing (6/26 countries), decreasing (4/26) and stable trends. The sharpest increases in LTSB occurred in United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Thailand. Some countries did not show an increase in LTSB prevalence over time but had very high levels of LTSB (i.e., > 40%) across multiple years. Most countries showed no differences in LTSB trends between boys and girls. Conclusions Data from our study may serve as an important platform for policymakers, as well as local and national stakeholders, to establish country-specific and tailored strategies for reducing LTSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Felez-Nobrega
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lauren B Raine
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 125 NI, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Dr. Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
The many devastating mental health outcomes associated with chronic loneliness is the motivation behind research into examining personal and demographic characteristics of the lonely. The present study sought to examine the connection of where people live (degree of urbanization) and what people do (leisure activities) with self-report of loneliness in a large sample (N = 8356) of unrelated Dutch adults. Information regarding where people live and what they do in their leisure time was entered into a regression analysis for self-reported loneliness. The overall regression was significant and accounted for 2.8% of the loneliness scale scores. Significant independent predictors for loneliness were living in heavily urbanized areas and engaging in fewer social activities. People who went sightseeing or to amusement parks/zoos or who participated in clubs reported being less lonely. Spending time using a computer predicted higher self-report loneliness scores. Consistent with previous research, after controlling for other variables, gender was not a significant predictor of loneliness but both a younger age and a curvilinear or U-shaped curve of age predicted loneliness (the younger and the much older). The results suggest that meaningful interpersonal interactions may result in lower feelings of loneliness.
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Felez-Nobrega M, Bort-Roig J, Briones L, Sanchez-Niubo A, Koyanagi A, Puigoriol E, Puig-Ribera A. Self-reported and activPAL TM-monitored physical activity and sedentary behaviour in college students: Not all sitting behaviours are linked to perceived stress and anxiety. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1566-1574. [PMID: 32279592 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1748359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined relationships between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with state-trait anxiety and stress. State-Trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), psychological stress (Perceived Stress Scale), SB across domains during weekdays and weekends (Last 7-day Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire) and PA intensities (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were assessed by self-report in 360 undergraduates (44% females, mean age 20.9 ± 2.93 years). A subsample (n = 121; 53.7% females; mean age 20.8 ± 2.6 years) wore an activPALTM to determine total SB, light, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA). Self-reported MVPA was significantly associated with lower trait anxiety and perceived stress, whereas light PA was only associated with lower perceived stress. Weekend total self-reported SB was related to higher trait anxiety and perceived stress levels, while total SB during the week was not. Of all SB domains, only leisure SB (screen and non-screen based) was associated with higher trait anxiety and perceived stress. PA attenuated the negative relationships between excessive sitting time and trait anxiety but not perceived stress. No associations were found for monitor-based measures of PA and SB. No associations were found between PA or SB variables with state anxiety. Further research is needed to assess causal and reciprocal relationships between PA, SB and mental health in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Felez-Nobrega
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona, Spain.,Sport and Physical Activity Research Group and Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia , Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Bort-Roig
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group and Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia , Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Briones
- Mental Health and Social Innovation Research Group and Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Health Sciences, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia , Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Sanchez-Niubo
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) , Spain
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) , Spain.,ICREA, Pg ., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Puigoriol
- Epidemiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Vic , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puig-Ribera
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group and Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia , Vic, Barcelona, Spain
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Vancampfort D, Firth J, Smith L, Stubbs B, Rosenbaum S, Van Damme T, Christiaansen L, Ashdown-Franks G, Koyanagi A. Cannabis use and leisure-time sedentary behavior among 94,035 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 24 low- and middle-income countries. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106104. [PMID: 31470242 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents spend a high proportion of their leisure time in sedentary behavior, which is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Exploring factors associated with leisure-time sedentary behavior (LTSB) is important for the development of targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to explore associations between cannabis use and LTSB in adolescents from 24 low- and middle-income countries. Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed. Data on past month cannabis use and LTSB during a typical day were collected. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to assess the associations. Among 94,035 adolescents aged 12-15 years [age = 13.7 ± SD 0.9 years; 49.2% female], the prevalence of high LTSB (≥3 h/day) was 26.6%, while 2.8% used cannabis at least once in the past 30 days. In adjusted analyses, compared to those who did not consume cannabis in the past 30 days, the OR (99%CI) for high LTSB among those who used cannabis 1-2 times, 3-9 times, 10-19 times, and ≥20 times were 0.89 (0.58-1.35), 1.96 (1.26-3.07), 1.97 (0.71-5.47), and 2.34 (0.95-5.78), respectively (test for trend p < 0.01). Our data suggest that frequent cannabis use is associated with increased odds for being more sedentary in adolescence. Future longitudinal data are required to confirm/refute the findings to inform public health campaigns.
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Vancampfort D, Van Damme T, Firth J, Hallgren M, Smith L, Stubbs B, Rosenbaum S, Koyanagi A. Correlates of leisure-time sedentary behavior among 181,793 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 66 low- and middle-income countries. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224339. [PMID: 31725744 PMCID: PMC6855478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is a growing public health concern in young adolescents from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, a paucity of multinational studies, particularly in LMICs, have investigated correlates of leisure-time sedentary behavior (LTSB) in young adolescents. In the current study, we assessed socio-demographic, socio-economic, socio-cultural and health behavior related correlates of LTSB among adolescents aged 12-15 years who participated in the Global school-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). METHODS Self-reported LTSB, which was a composite variable assessing time spent sitting and watching television, playing computer games, talking with friends during a typical day excluding the hours spent sitting at school and doing homework, was analyzed in 181,793 adolescents from 66 LMICs [mean (SD) age 13.8 (1.0) years; 49% girls). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the potential LTSB correlates. RESULTS The overall prevalence of ≥3 hours/day of LTSB was 26.4% (95%CI = 25.6%-27.2%). Increasing age (OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 1.11-1.17), past 30-day smoking (OR = 1.85; 95%CI = 1.69-2.03), alcohol consumption (OR = 2.01; 95%CI = 1.85-2.18), and bullying victimization (OR = 1.39; 95%CI = 1.31-1.48) were positively associated with increased LTSB across the entire sample of 181,793 adolescents. Food insecurity (OR = 0.93; 95%CI = 0.89-0.97) and low parental support/monitoring (OR = 0.91; 95%CI = 0.85-0.98) were negatively associated with LTSB. There were some variations in the correlates between countries. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that in adolescents aged 12 to 15 years living in LMICs, LTSB is a complex and multi-dimensional behavior determined by socio-demograhic, sociocultural, socio-economic, and health behavior related factors. Future longitudinal data are required to confirm/refute these findings, and to inform interventions which aim to reduce sedentary levels in adolescents living in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Tine Van Damme
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Department of Public Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Ruedl G, Greier N, Niedermeier M, Posch M, Prünster V, Faulhaber M, Burtscher M. Factors Associated with Physical Fitness among Overweight and Non-Overweight Austrian Secondary School Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4117. [PMID: 31731515 PMCID: PMC6862517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate factors associated with physical fitness (PF) among overweight and non-overweight Austrian secondary school students. PF was measured using the German motor test (DMT) 6-18 and students were asked about sex, migration background, weekly leisure time physical activity and daily electronic media use. In total 560 adolescents (56.6% female) with a mean age of 15.4 ± 1.4 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.5 ± 4.2 kg/m² were evaluated with 130 (23.2%) students classified as overweight or obese. For the total cohort, results of the multiple linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.34) revealed that a younger age (β = -0.16), no migration background (β = 0.13), a lower BMI (β = -0.29), a higher weekly leisure time physical activity (β = 0.34) and a lower daily electronic media use (β = -0.15) were associated with increased PF. Separate regression analyses for non-overweight and overweight students showed similar regression coefficients except for BMI. In conclusion, the positive influence of modifiable factors such as lower BMI, higher self-reported weekly leisure time sports activity and lower self-reported daily electronic media use should be considered already at young ages to increase physical fitness in overweight and non-overweight youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Greier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University College of Education (KPH) Stams, 6422 Stams, Austria
| | - Martin Niedermeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Posch
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vera Prünster
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Faulhaber
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Leisure-Time Sedentary Behavior Is Associated with Psychological Distress and Substance Use among School-Going Adolescents in Five Southeast Asian Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122091. [PMID: 31200468 PMCID: PMC6617265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behavior has been found to be associated with poorer mental health. The aim of this study was to estimate associations of sedentary behavior with psychological distress and substance use among adolescents in five Southeast Asian countries. The cross-sectional sample included 32,696 nationally representative samples of school-going adolescents (median age 14 years) from Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand and Timor-Leste. Leisure-time sedentary behavior, physical activity, psychological distress and substance use were assessed by self-report. Overall, the students engaged in <1 h (35.7%), 1-2 h (31.6%), 3-4 h (18.2%), 5-6 h (7.2%), and 7 or more hours (7.2%) of sedentary time a day. The prevalence of psychological distress was 14.6% single and 8.6% multiple psychological distress, and the prevalence of current tobacco use was 13.9% and current alcohol use 12.5%. In fully adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, compared to students who spent less than one hour a day engaged in sedentary leisure time, students who spent three or more hours engaged in leisure-time sedentary behavior were more likely to have single and multiple psychological distress. In fully adjusted logistic regression analysis, five or more hours of leisure-time sedentary behavior was associated with current tobacco use and one or more hours of leisure-time sedentary behavior with current alcohol use. Findings suggest an association of leisure-time sedentary behavior with psychological distress and with substance use in this adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
- Deputy Vice Chancellor Research and Innovation Office, North West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Deputy Vice Chancellor Research and Innovation Office, North West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
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Wong PWC, Yu RWM, Ngai JTK. Companion Animal Ownership and Human Well-Being in a Metropolis-The Case of Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101729. [PMID: 31100852 PMCID: PMC6571622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Global urbanization has given cause for a re-assessment of the nature and importance of the relationship between humans and domesticated animals. In densely-populated urban societies, where loneliness and alienation can be prevalent, the use of animals as human companions has taken on heightened importance. Hong Kong is the world’s most urbanised political entity, and thus provides an ideal context for the exploration of the role of animals in the provision of companionship for human beings in cities. A web-based survey with descriptive analyses, regression, and ANOVA was conducted. Six-hundred-and-forty-seven companion animal owners and 312 non-owners completed the survey that examined their socio-demographic information, companion animal ownership status, and physical-psychosocial well-being. The statistically significant findings appear to suggest that socio-demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, housing, and education level) have stronger predictive values than companion animal ownership status with respect to the well-being of people in Hong Kong. Due the unique environmental features in Hong Kong, the positive impacts of companion animal ownership on the physical well-being of owners may be limited by the city’s cramped living space and the limited number of people who own companion animals. However, results suggested that companion animals may still serve as a social lubricant between the owners and their significant others, thereby playing a heightened role significant role in enhancing general social connectedness in a metropolis. Given the importance of animals as human companions, it is suggested that relevant administrative agencies need to consider the development of policies and facilities which are conducive to both the maintenance and development of the bonds between humans and their companion animals and the physical and psychosocial health of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W C Wong
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Rose W M Yu
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Joe T K Ngai
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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