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Timlin U, Rautio A. COVID-19 impacts in Northernmost Finland. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2314368. [PMID: 38359161 PMCID: PMC10877646 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2314368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic challenged our lives during the years 2020-2022. Impacts could be seen in everyday life, both locally and nationally, through economic, mental and social elements. However, these effects varied depending on the life situation of individuals. This paper aims to gather information from the representatives and operators working in two Finnish municipalities, Inari and Utsjoki, to understand and learn about their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data (20 interviews) were collected between December 2021 and February 2022 and analysed following the principles of the qualitative content analysis. The results suggest that the effects of COVID-19 emerged through issues related to the national border between Finland and Norway, economic challenges, and the pressure that people experienced. However, despite challenges, people were supported by everyday life and a connection to nature, communality and close co-operation. Additionally, local needs were highlighted among participants. The results provide a deeper understanding about the public health impacts in these Northernmost municipalities and can therefore be utilised in future development work. They also provide relevant information on the experiences of Sámi people, and specific views related to Sámi people can be recognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Timlin
- Arctic Health, Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Rautio
- Arctic Health, Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Arctic Health, Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Arctic, Oulu, Finland
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Montayre J, Harris C, Li W, Tang LM, West S, Antoniou M. Older nurses and work-related factors that impact their mental health and wellbeing: a qualitative systematic review. Contemp Nurse 2024; 60:537-554. [PMID: 38919042 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2024.2368625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant pressure on the nursing workforce, leading to an increased risk of infection and work-related issues impacting nurses' mental health. This review aims to explore the workplace challenges faced by older nurses and their impact on mental health. METHOD This qualitative systematic review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. RESULTS The review included 32 studies and identified three interconnected themes: heavy workload and nature of nursing, lack of recognition and feeling undervalued, and challenges in balancing personal life and work. These themes illustrated the complexity of the workplace challenges faced by older nurses. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Workplace demands and shift work were common negative contributors to mental health and wellbeing. The physical and cognitive capacity of older nurses may diminish due to age-related changes, making the workload more challenging. Recognition and support from the organisation, especially from management and leadership, played a crucial role in nurses' resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed Montayre
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Celia Harris
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Weicong Li
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Liyaning Maggie Tang
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Sancia West
- Centre for Work Health and Safety, Gosford, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Antoniou
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Sharma M, Alemayehu M, Girma E, Milkias B, Stevenson A, Gelaye B, Koenen KC, Teferra S. The cumulative impact of trauma, chronic illness, and COVID-19 stress on mental health in a case-control study of adults with psychotic disorders in Ethiopia. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 134:152508. [PMID: 38917710 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the economic, psychological, and social well-being of people in Ethiopia. Pandemic-related fears can exacerbate anxiety and depression symptoms among those with pre-existing physical and mental health conditions as well as those with prior exposure to traumatic events. METHODS We used data from the Ethiopia NeuroGAP-Psychosis study (898 cases and 941 controls with and without a diagnosis of psychosis respectively, 66% male, mean age = 37 years). Data was collected between November 2021 and June 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic from four hospitals in Ethiopia (three in Addis Ababa and one in Jimma city). Structural equation modeling analysis was conducted to examine the associations between trauma exposure, physical health conditions (like arthristis, neurological disorders, diabetes), COVID-19 stress, and psychological distress (depression and anxiety symptoms). We assessed direct and indirect effects for mediation, and conducted multigroup analysis to examine moderation by case control status. RESULTS We found evidence that the impact of greater trauma exposure and physical health conditions on higher psychological distress was mediated through higher COVID-19 stress. Sociodemographic characteristics (older age and being maried) were associated with higher psychological distress, with these associations mediated through greater trauma, physical health conditions, and COVID-19 stress. Case-control status also moderated the associations between these variables, with the mediation effects being stronger in cases and weaker in controls. Further, cases reported greater trauma and psychological distress, while controls reported more physical health conditions and COVID-19 stress. IMPLICATIONS Our findings uniquely assess the interaction of health and emergency related factors in understudied settings like Ethiopia. They underscore the importance of including daily hardships and environmental stressors, along with prior trauma exposure, as risk factors for the assessment of mental health symptoms. This study has key implications for mental health screening and intervention research in response to complex emergency contexts like Ethiopia with a history of armed conflict in addition to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings can aid the development of targeted services that address the mental health of at-risk groups with pre-existing mental and physical health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Melkam Alemayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Engida Girma
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Barkot Milkias
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anne Stevenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and The Chester M. Pierce MD, Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Solomon Teferra
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Dhillon S, Luginaah I, Elliott SJ, Nagawa J, Niwagaba RA. The impacts of COVID-19 on older adults in Uganda and Ethiopia: Perspectives from non-governmental organization staff and volunteers. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003691. [PMID: 39231193 PMCID: PMC11373809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on older adults, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To support older adults during this time, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) coordinated programs to help provide for basic needs related to food and water security and healthcare. This research explores the attitudes, perceptions and experiences of NGO staff and volunteers who provided support to older adults in SSA in rural East Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. In-depth interviews (n = 28) were conducted with NGO staff and volunteers in Uganda and Ethiopia between September and December of 2022. Overall, NGO staff and volunteers reported high levels of knowledge surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and stated that one positive of the COVID-19 pandemic was the improved hygiene practices. However, the NGO staff and volunteers also reported that the pandemic and the associated public health measures exacerbated pre-existing social inequalities, such as increasing pre-existing levels of food insecurity. The exacerbation of pre-existing social inequalities may be one reason for the increased reliance on NGO services. The learnings from the COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures can be utilized to create targeted strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of future public health crises on vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satveer Dhillon
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan J Elliott
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Lachman JM, Nurova N, Chetty AN, Fang Z, Swartz A, Sherr L, Mebrahtu H, Mwaba K, Green O, Awah I, Chen Y, Vallance I, Cluver L. Innovate! Accelerate! Evaluate! Harnessing the RE-AIM framework to examine the global dissemination of parenting resources during COVID-19 to more than 210 million people. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2391. [PMID: 39227875 PMCID: PMC11373112 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents were at the forefront of responding to the needs of children during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used the RE-AIM framework to examine the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance of a global inter-agency initiative that adapted evidence-based parenting programs to provide immediate support to parents. METHODS Data were collected via short surveys sent via email, online surveys, and analysis of social media metrics and Google Analytics. Retrospective surveys with 1,303 parents and caregivers in 11 countries examined impacts of the resources on child maltreatment, positive relationship building, parenting efficacy, and parenting stress. RESULTS The parenting resources were translated into over 135 languages and dialects; reached an estimated minimum 212.4 million people by June 2022; were adopted by 697 agencies, organizations, and individuals; and were included in 43 national government COVID-19 responses. Dissemination via social media had the highest reach (n = 144,202,170, 67.9%), followed by radio broadcasts (n = 32,298,525, 15.2%), text messages (n = 13,565,780, 6.4%), and caseworker phone calls or visits (n = 8,074,787, 3.8%). Retrospective surveys showed increased parental engagement and play, parenting self-efficacy, confidence in protecting children from sexual abuse, and capacity to cope with stress, as well as decreased physical and emotional abuse. Forty-four organizations who responded to follow-up surveys in April 2021 reported sustained use of the resources as part of existing services and other crisis responses. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of a) establishing an international collaboration to rapidly adapt and disseminate evidence-based content into easily accessible resources that are relevant to the needs of parents; b) creating open-source and agile delivery models that are responsive to local contexts and receptive to further adaptation; and c) using the best methods available to evaluate a rapidly deployed global emergency response in real-time. Further research is recommended to empirically establish the evidence of effectiveness and maintenance of these parenting innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Lachman
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, OX1 2ER, UK.
- Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Parenting for Lifelong Health, Oxford, UK.
| | - Nisso Nurova
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, OX1 2ER, UK
| | | | - Zuyi Fang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alison Swartz
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lorraine Sherr
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Mebrahtu
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kasonde Mwaba
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ohad Green
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, OX1 2ER, UK
| | - Isang Awah
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, OX1 2ER, UK
| | - Yuanling Chen
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, OX1 2ER, UK
| | - Inge Vallance
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, OX1 2ER, UK
| | - Lucie Cluver
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, OX1 2ER, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Jeon H, Lee J, Choi M, Kim B, Lee SG, Shin J. Interaction effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and regional deprivation on self-rated health: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2382. [PMID: 39223498 PMCID: PMC11367910 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have attempted to analyze the changes in self-rated health (SRH) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the results have been inconsistent. Notably, SRH is subjective, and responses may vary across and within countries because of sociocultural differences. Thus, we aimed to examine whether the interaction effects between the COVID-19 pandemic and regional deprivation influenced SRH in South Korea. METHODS The study population comprised 877,778 participants from the Korea Community Health Survey. The data were collected from 2018 to 2021. Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine the relationship between SRH and the interaction between the COVID-19 pandemic status and the socioeconomic level of residential areas. RESULTS The post-pandemic groups (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25, P < .0001; OR = 2.29, P < .0001) had significantly higher odds of reporting favorable SRH than the pre-pandemic groups (OR = 0.96, P < .0001). However, the difference in ORs based on regional socioeconomic status was small. CONCLUSIONS SRH showed an overall increase in the post-pandemic groups relative to that in the disadvantaged pre-pandemic group. Possible reasons include changes in individuals' health perceptions through social comparison and the effective implementation of COVID-19 containment measures in South Korea. This paradoxical phenomenon has been named the "Eye of the Hurricane," as the vast majority of people who had not been infected by the virus may have viewed their health situation more favorably than they ordinarily would.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajae Jeon
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junbok Lee
- Health-IT Center, Yonsei University Health System Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingee Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomgyeol Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Menzies V, Webb F, Lyon DE, Pruinelli L, Kelly DL, Jacobs M. Anxiety and depression among individuals with long COVID: Associations with social vulnerabilities. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:286-296. [PMID: 39233251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the association between symptoms of anxiety and depression among individuals with long COVID and five social vulnerabilities (expenses, employment, food insufficiency, housing, and insurance). METHODS Data from the Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey (HPS) detailing COVID incidence, duration, and symptoms between June 1st and November 14th, 2022 contained versions of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) questionnaires. Associations between anxiety, depression, and the five social vulnerabilities among respondents from different racial and ethnic groups experiencing long COVID were evaluated using generalized binomial logistic regression. Structural equation models tested whether social vulnerabilities mediated the pathway between race/ethnicity and anxiety/depression. RESULTS Blacks, Asians/others, and Hispanics with long COVID were significantly more likely to report anxiety and depression and various social vulnerabilities than Whites. Anxiety among Blacks was significantly associated with difficulty with expenses [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.743, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.739, 1.747], employment (OR = 1.519, 95 % CI = 1.516, 1.523), and housing (OR = 1.192, 95 % CI = 1.19, 1.194). Anxiety among Hispanics was significantly associated with food insufficiency (OR = 1.048, 95 % CI = 1.044, 1.052). Depression among Blacks was significantly associated with trouble with expenses (OR = 1.201, 95 % CI = 1.198, 1.205) and employment (OR = 1.129, 95 % CI = 1.127, 1.132). Mediation analysis showed that the number of social vulnerabilities partially mediated the association between race and anxiety. LIMITATIONS This retrospective study utilized secondary, observational, self-reported data from the HPS. Therefore, results may not be generalizable outside of the context in which they were collected. CONCLUSIONS The development of tailored programs for population health should address the differential associations of anxiety and depression with social difficulties among racial and ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Menzies
- Department of Family & Community Health Sciences, University of Florida College of Nursing, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America.
| | - Fern Webb
- Department of Surgery, Center for Health Equity & Engagement Research (CHEER), University of Florida College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8(th) Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, United States of America
| | - Debra E Lyon
- Professor and Kirbo Endowed Chair, University of Florida College of Nursing, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Lisiane Pruinelli
- Department of Family & Community Health Sciences, University of Florida College of Nursing, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Debra Lynch Kelly
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 31610, United States of America
| | - Molly Jacobs
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
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Weinstock MW, Moyer S, Jallo N, Rider A, Kinser P. Perinatal meaning-making and meaning-focused coping in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2024; 42:896-914. [PMID: 37062943 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2023.2203152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented levels of stress amongst pregnant women and new mothers. The current qualitative study explored the ways in which perinatal women made meaning of their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data came from a parent study in which 54 perinatal (pregnant and postpartum) women in the United States completed semi-structured interviews from October 2021 to January 2022 describing their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was interpreted using a hermeneutic, phenomenological approach to delve deeply into the concept of meaning-making. RESULTS Despite high levels of stress and challenging circumstances, participants reported engaging in meaning-making through finding connection, focusing on gratitude, and identifying openings for change. Unique forms of meaning-making amongst this population include a sense of connection to women throughout history, connection to their baby, and recognition of the need for systemic change for perinatal women. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal women coped with the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic by making meaning from their experiences. Future research should further explore the importance of these aspects of meaning-making to perinatal women and implement these findings to adapt prevention and treatment approaches to address perinatal stress, especially during times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison W Weinstock
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sara Moyer
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nancy Jallo
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Amy Rider
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patricia Kinser
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Fatoye F, Fatoye C, Lawoe J, Mbada C, Gebrye T. Does COVID-19 Related Lockdown Restrictions Impact People With Musculoskeletal Disorders? A Systematic Review. Musculoskeletal Care 2024; 22:e1920. [PMID: 39126136 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related lockdown restrictions, people with musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders could be at increased risk of physical and psychological disabilities. This review aimed to summarise the impact of COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions on people with MSK disorders. METHODS Six electronic databases were searched for studies in the English language published until June 10, 2024. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research. Two reviewers independently abstracted data from the included studies. Data were summarised using narrative synthesis, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. RESULTS The search strategy identified 637 articles, 129 of which were removed as duplicates. Fifteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were analysed. The sample size the studies reviewed ranged from 40 to 1800. Having MSK disorders during COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions led to increased risk of pain, stress, depression, anxiety, MSK related injuries, decreased quality of life and increased use of emergency department. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report that COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions led to increased risk of pain, MSK injuries and healthcare resource utilisation as well as decreased quality of life among patients with MSK disorders. These results may help inform policy and management strategies in future for people with MSK disorders to mitigate the negative impact of pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Fatoye
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Lifestyle Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Clara Fatoye
- Department of Health and Social Care, University Campus Oldham, Manchester, UK
| | - Joyceline Lawoe
- Department of Visual and Industrial Art, Sunyani Technical University, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Chidozie Mbada
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Tadesse Gebrye
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Lasalvia A, Bodini L, Pace D, Colombi M, Caruson MM, Van Bortel T, Bonetto C. Experienced discrimination and internalized stigma among people infected with SARS-CoV-2 and surviving COVID-19: Association with anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 52:910-928. [PMID: 39056479 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
People surviving COVID-19 may experience social stigma related to their condition even after clinical recovery. This study aimed to: (1) investigate COVID-19-related experienced discrimination and internalized stigma, and (2) explore their association with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. We conducted an online survey of people who survived COVID-19. Perception of stigma was assessed using the COVID-19 Experienced Discrimination Scale and the COVID-19 Internalized Stigma Scale. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia were assessed using, respectively, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Multivariable logistic regression analyses for each psychopathological domain were performed. A total of 579 participants participated in this study. Overall, 25% reported some degree of experienced discrimination, and 23% reported some degree of internalized stigma. Adjusted odds ratio showed that scoring higher on internalized stigma related significantly to higher symptoms of depression (2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-3.39), anxiety (2.30; 95% CI, 1.48-3.59), and insomnia (2.54; 95% CI, 1.64-3.95), whereas experienced discrimination was associated to anxiety (1.55; 95% CI, 1.06-2.28) and insomnia (1.82; 95% CI, 1.24-2.69). Experiences of social stigmatization are frequent among people surviving COVID-19 and seem to be associated with levels of psychological disturbances. Further research is required to elucidate the direction of these relationships to implement effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- UOC Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Bodini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Pace
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Tine Van Bortel
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Public Health Interdisciplinary Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Chen Q, Bao J, Zang Y. The knowledge, attitude, and intention to use internet-based mental health services: A serial mediation model. Internet Interv 2024; 37:100755. [PMID: 39040845 PMCID: PMC11261413 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2024.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Internet-based mental health services (i-MHS) have been widely provided to the public during the pandemic. However, people's engagement with i-MHS remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the Chinese population's knowledge, attitudes, and use intentions regarding i-MHS and determine their relations by serial mediation models. Methods The public's knowledge, attitudes, intention to use i-MHS and psychological impact of the pandemic were assessed. An online survey was administered to respondents from mainland China (N = 2543). Results Of the participants, 53.9 % exhibited some familiarity with i-MHS, while 62.4 % perceived these services as somewhat or very helpful, and 53.2 % were willing or very willing to use them. Serial mediation analyses indicated that the psychological impact of the pandemic indirectly related to the intention to use i-MHS. Knowledge and attitudes toward i-MHS sequentially mediated this relation [χ 2(61) = 179.359, P < .001; χ 2 /df = 2.940; CFI = 0.996; RMSEA = 0.028]. Conclusions This study underscores the critical role of knowledge in shaping positive attitudes and intentions to use i-MHS, emphasizing the need for robust mental healthcare promotion strategies to raise knowledge and maximize the benefits of i-MHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Bao
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Zang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Le GH, Kwan ATH, Guo Z, Teopiz KM, Wong S, Meshkat S, d'Andrea G, Ho R, Rhee TG, Cao B, Badulescu S, Phan L, Rosenblat JD, Mansur RB, Subramaniapillai M, McIntyre RS. Impact of vortioxetine on depressive symptoms moderated by symptoms of anxiety in persons with post-COVID-19 condition: A secondary analysis. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:116068. [PMID: 38954891 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recovery from a COVID-19 infection can lead to post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), which causes a multitude of debilitating symptoms that negatively affect an individual's health-related quality of life, including depressive and anxiety symptoms. We aim to examine the mediatory effects of anxiety on depressive symptoms in persons with PCC receiving vortioxetine. METHODS We performed a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating vortioxetine treatment on cognitive functioning in persons with PCC. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured by the 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Scale and the 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR-16), respectively. RESULTS Based on data of 147 participants, GAD-7 scores were significantly positively associated with QIDS-SR-16 scores (β=0.038, 95 % CI [0.029,0.047], p < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, a significant group (χ2=176.786, p < 0.001), time (χ2=8.914, p = 0.003), and treatment x time x GAD-7 score interaction (χ2=236.483, p < 0.001) effect was observed. Vortioxetine-treated participants had a significant difference in overall change in depressive symptoms (mean difference=-3.15, SEM=0.642, 95 % CI [-4.40,-1.89], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in persons with PCC. Antidepressant efficacy on ameliorating depressive symptoms is dependent on improving anxiety symptoms, underscoring significant implications in improving treatment efficacy and patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gia Han Le
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela T H Kwan
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ziji Guo
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kayla M Teopiz
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Wong
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shakila Meshkat
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giacomo d'Andrea
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Sebastian Badulescu
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee Phan
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Roger S McIntyre
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Denche-Zamorano Á, García-Paniagua R, Pastor-Cisneros R, Pereira-Payo D, Pérez Gómez J. Influence of physical activity level and perceived social support on mental health and psychological distress in women with menopause problems. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:1493-1511. [PMID: 38712645 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2024.2347522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Perceived Social Support (PSS) and Physical Activity (PA) could have an important role in reducing psychological distress in women with problems in the menopausal period. The aim was to analyze the associations between a) Self-Perceived Health (SPH), prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety, and mental health and its subscales, through the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) with b) the Physical Activity Level (PAL) and c) the PSS, through the Duke-UNC-11 functional social support questionnaire in Spanish women with problems in the menopausal period. This document uses data from the Spanish National Health Survey of 2017, focusing on women between 40 and 69 years of age with problems in the menopausal period. Dependency relationships were found between the prevalence of depression and PAL, anxiety and PAL, and SPH with PAL (p < 0.001). Weak inverse correlations were found between PAL and mental health, Coping Success, Self-confidence, and Stress (rho: - 0.214 to - 0.258; p < 0.001). Also, weak and very weak significant inverse correlations were found between PAL and all items of the GHQ-12. Weak inverse correlations were found between PSS scores and mental health, Coping, and Stress (r: -0.201 to - 0.304; p < 0.001). Likewise, weak and very weak inverse correlations, although statistically significant, were found between the PSS scores and the responses to the GHQ-12 items. Very active women with higher PSS have less psychological distress, higher self-esteem, and better prevalence of positive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Denche-Zamorano
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PheSo), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Roberto García-Paniagua
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PheSo), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Damián Pereira-Payo
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez Gómez
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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14
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Li X, Liu T, Mo X, Wang R, Kong X, Shao R, McIntyre RS, So KF, Lin K. Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on cytokines in adolescents with subthreshold depression: a randomized controlled study. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2036-2040. [PMID: 38227533 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202409000-00036/figure1/v/2024-01-16T170235Z/r/image-tiff Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses. Moreover, anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), derived from Goji berries, exhibits notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In our recent double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial, we found that LBP significantly reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents with subthreshold depression. It is presumed that the antidepressant effect of LBP may be associated with its influence on inflammatory cytokines. In the double-blinded randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 29 adolescents with subthreshold depression and randomly divided them into an LBP group and a placebo group. In the LBP group, adolescents were given 300 mg/d LBP. A 6-week follow up was completed by 24 adolescents, comprising 14 adolescents from the LBP group (15.36 ± 2.06 years, 3 men and 11 women) and 10 adolescents from the placebo group (14.9 ± 1.6 years, 2 men and 8 women). Our results showed that after 6 weeks of treatment, the interleukin-17A level in the LBP group was lower than that in the placebo group. Network analysis showed that LBP reduced the correlations and connectivity between inflammatory factors, which were associated with the improvement in depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that 6-week administration of LBP suppresses the immune response by reducing interleukin-17A level, thereby exerting an antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuan Mo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Runhua Wang
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueyan Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Robin Shao
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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15
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Barton C, Troy L, Teoh A, Spencer L, Reeves J, Cram V, Wai M, Jones L. COVID-19 and collective trauma: Implementing a trauma-informed model of care for post-COVID patients. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:3593-3599. [PMID: 38294136 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM To describe the implementation of a trauma-informed model of care in the Post COVID Respiratory Clinic of a large tertiary referral centre in NSW. DESIGN Discussion paper. DATA SOURCES Evidence gathered from a literature search (2008-2022) was used to develop a framework for management of patients presenting to this Post COVID Respiratory Clinic. This paper outlines the personal reflections of the clinic staff as they developed and implemented this framework. Ethical approval was obtained to report the data collected from patient reviews. DISCUSSION The literature highlights the high prevalence of trauma in patients following COVID-19 infection, as well as the larger population both during and after the pandemic. This experience of trauma was observed in patients seen within the clinic, indicating a need for specialized care. In response, a trauma-informed model of care was implemented. CONCLUSION Reconceptualizing COVID-19 as a 'collective trauma' can help healthcare workers understand the needs of post-COVID patients and enable them to respond empathetically. A trauma-informed model is complementary to this cohort as it specifically addresses vulnerable populations, many of whom have been further marginalized by the pandemic. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND PATIENT CARE Frontline healthcare workers, particularly nurses, are well positioned to implement trauma-informed care due to their high-level of patient contact. Adequate allocation of resources and investment in staff is essential to ensure such care can be provided. IMPACT The COVID-19 pandemic has led to adverse physical and mental health outcomes for many. Trauma-informed care is a way to promote reengagement with the healthcare system in this group. Post COVID patients globally may benefit from this approach, as it aims to build trust and independence. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Feedback was sought from a patient representative to ensure this paper adequately reflected the experience of the post-COVID patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Barton
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Science, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren Troy
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Science, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan Teoh
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Science, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lissa Spencer
- Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jack Reeves
- Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent Cram
- Department of Clinical Psychology, RPA Virtual, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Wai
- Department of Clinical Psychology, RPA Virtual, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynette Jones
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Science, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Vallée A. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socioeconomic gradient of hypertension. J Public Health Policy 2024; 45:413-430. [PMID: 38831023 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into sharp focus the impact of socioeconomic factors on hypertension outcomes. This review examines the implications of the pandemic on the socioeconomic gradient of hypertension and explores the physiological and pathophysiological processes underlying this relationship. Changes in socioeconomic factors have disproportionately affected individuals with lower socioeconomic status, leading to adverse hypertension outcomes. The pandemic-related stressors, coupled with social isolation and disrupted daily routines, have contributed to elevated stress levels among individuals, particularly those with lower socioeconomic status. Equitable access to healthcare, enhancing health literacy and patient empowerment, and addressing social determinants of health are essential components of hypertension management strategies. By recognizing the specific challenges faced by individuals with lower socioeconomic status and implementing targeted interventions, public health efforts can help reduce the socioeconomic gradient of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Foch Hospital, 92150, Suresnes, France.
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17
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Sugita S, Hata K, Kodaiarasu K, Takamatsu N, Kimura K, Miller C, Gonzalez L, Umemoto I, Murayama K, Nakao T, Kito S, Ito M, Kuga H. Psychological treatments for mental health symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection: A scoping review. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e223. [PMID: 38962000 PMCID: PMC11216928 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize published studies and ongoing clinical trials of psychological interventions for mental health problems associated with COVID-19 infection. The study protocol was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. We conducted systematic searches for studies published or registered between January 2020 and October 2022 using eight scientific databases and clinical trial registries, which identified 40 complete published studies and 53 ongoing clinical trials. We found that most studies were randomized controlled trials (74%) while the remaining used study designs of lower methodological quality. Most studies investigated interventions for acute COVID-19 patients (74%) and others explored post-COVID conditions (PCC) or recovered patients. Cognitive and behavioral therapies were the main intervention approaches (31%), followed by multidisciplinary programs (21%) and mindfulness (17%). The most frequently evaluated outcomes were anxiety (33%), depression (26%), quality of life (13%), and insomnia (10%). No studies on youths, older people, or marginalized communities were found. These findings summarize the burgeoning research on a range of psychological interventions for individuals infected with COVID-19. However, the field is in its infancy and further research to develop an evidence base for targeted care is necessary. The gaps identified in the current study also highlight the need for more research on youths, older people, and members of marginalized communities, and PCC patients. It is important to ascertain interventions and delivery strategies that are not only effective and affordable but also allow high scalability and accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Sugita
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Kotone Hata
- Faculty of Human SciencesWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Krandhasi Kodaiarasu
- McLean Hospital, Simches Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryBelmontMassachusettsUSA
| | - Naoki Takamatsu
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Department of NeuropsychiatryThe University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kentaro Kimura
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | | | | | - Ikue Umemoto
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Keitaro Murayama
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKyushu University HospitalFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shinsuke Kito
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center HospitalNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Masaya Ito
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Hironori Kuga
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
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18
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Bettmann JE, Speelman E, Blumenthal E, Couch S, McArthur T. How Does Nature Exposure Affect Adults With Symptoms of Mental Illness? A Meta-Analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39209768 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Existing research on the effects of nature exposure on the mental health of adults indicates that spending time in nature reduces depressive symptoms and stress, increases quality of life and mood and improves mental health. This meta-analysis aimed to answer the question: what are the effects of nature exposure on the social, mental and physical health of adults with symptoms of mental illness? The meta-analysis included all studies relevant to the study research questions which collected quantitative data on nature exposure using validated instruments for at least two time points on each participant and which were published between 1990 and 2020. Regarding the impact of nature exposure on adults with symptoms of mental illness, analyses showed significant, moderate effect sizes for all studies and smaller, but significant, effect sizes for studies with control groups Analyses also yielded critical information regarding the effect size of the type of nature dosage, nature setting, nature-based activity, key mental health outcomes and other factors. These findings from the present study results have important implications regarding the potential benefits of nature exposure for adults and its role in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Bettmann
- University of Utah College of Social Work, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Ellison Blumenthal
- Department of Social Work, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Scott Couch
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tara McArthur
- University of Utah College of Social Work, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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19
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Baillet M, Wathelet M, Lamer A, Frévent C, Fovet T, D'Hondt F, Notredame CE, Vaiva G, Génin M. Association Between COVID-19 and Self-Harm: Nationwide Retrospective Ecological Spatiotemporal Study in Metropolitan France. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e52759. [PMID: 39189893 PMCID: PMC11370185 DOI: 10.2196/52759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has not been associated with increases in suicidal behavior at the national, regional, or county level. However, previous studies were not conducted on a finer scale or adjusted for ecological factors. Objective Our objective was to assess the fine-scale spatiotemporal association between self-harm and COVID-19 hospitalizations, while considering ecological factors. Methods Using the French national hospital discharge database, we extracted data on hospitalizations for self-harm of patients older than 10 years (from 2019 to 2021) or for COVID-19 (from 2020 to 2021) in metropolitan France. We first calculated monthly standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for COVID-19 between March 2020 and December 2021, using a Besag, York, and Mollié spatiotemporal model. Next, we entered the SIRs into an ecological regression in order to test the association between hospital admissions for self-harm and those for COVID-19. Lastly, we adjusted for ecological variables with time lags of 0 to 6 months. Results Compared with a smoothed SIR of ≤1, smoothed SIRs from 1 to 3, from 3 to 4, and greater than 4 for COVID-19 hospital admissions were associated with a subsequent increase in hospital admissions for self-harm, with a time lag of 2 to 4 months, 4 months, and 6 months, respectively. Conclusions A high SIR for hospital admissions for COVID-19 was a risk factor for hospital admission for self-harm some months after the epidemic peaks. This finding emphasizes the importance of monitoring and seeking to prevent suicide attempts outside the epidemic peak periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Baillet
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
| | - Marielle Wathelet
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- F2RSM Psy - Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et santé mentale Hauts-de-France, Saint-André-Lez-Lille, France
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Lamer
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
- F2RSM Psy - Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et santé mentale Hauts-de-France, Saint-André-Lez-Lille, France
| | - Camille Frévent
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Fovet
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris, Lille, France
| | | | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Michael Génin
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
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20
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Webber C, Dover K, Tanuseputro P, Vigod SN, Moineddin R, Clarke A, Isenberg S, Fiedorowicz JG, Jin Y, Gandhi J, Simpson AN, Barker LC, Kendall CE, Myran D. Mental health service use among mothers and other birthing parents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)01360-0. [PMID: 39191308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents have reported increased symptoms of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluated changes in mental health and addiction (MHA)-related health service use among mothers and other birthing parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using health administrative data in Ontario, Canada. The population included all mothers and birthing parents (≥1 child aged 1-18, no children <1 to exclude postpartum parents) between January 2016 and December 2021. We compared rates of MHA-related outpatient physician visits, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits during COVID-19 (March 2020-December 2021) to pre-COVID-19 (pre-March 2020). RESULTS MHA-related outpatient visit rates increased by 17 % (rate ratio (RR) 1.17, 95 % CI 1.16-1.18) during COVID-19. Monthly utilization rates remained higher than expected across the COVID-19 period. MHA-related ED visit rates remained lower than expected during COVID-19, while MHA-related hospitalization rates returned to expected levels by August 2020. The largest relative increases in MHA-related outpatient visits during COVID-19 were in mothers and other birthing parents living in higher income (RR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.19-1.22) or urban areas (RR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.18-1.21), with children aged 1-3 years (RR 1.23, 95 % CI 1.20-1.25) and with no history of MHA-related health service use (RR 1.20, 95 % CI 1.19-1.21). LIMITATIONS This study only captured physician-delivered MHA-related health service use. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in MHA-related outpatient visits among mothers and other birthing parents. These findings point to the need for improvements in mental health service access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Webber
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Katie Dover
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Tanuseputro
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Ontario, Canada; Division of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simone N Vigod
- ICES, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sarina Isenberg
- Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Ontario, Canada; Division of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasmine Gandhi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea N Simpson
- ICES, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucy C Barker
- ICES, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Claire E Kendall
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Myran
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
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21
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Zilver SJM, Rietveld AL, Schonewille NN, Bakker PCAM, Broekman BFP, van Leeuwen E, de Groot CJM. Pregnant individuals perspectives towards receiving COVID-19 vaccination during their pregnancy: an in-depth qualitative study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1415548. [PMID: 39234090 PMCID: PMC11371620 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pregnant individuals have an increased risk of severe illness from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent severe illness and complications for pregnant individuals. Pregnant individuals are often excluded from research and remain hesitant to receive vaccination against COVID-19. It is pivotal to study factors related to vaccine uptake and hesitancy among pregnant individuals. We studied barriers and facilitators for pregnant individuals choice and motivation regarding vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy to aid future pregnant individuals in their decision to vaccinate against various infectious agents. Methods In this qualitative study, pregnant individuals were interviewed between October 2021 and January 2022 using a semi-structured approach. A topic list was used to explore their feelings, perceptions and ideas regarding vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analyses was performed using MAX QDA. Results After nine interviews, saturation was reached. Three main themes were identified that influenced pregnant individuals choice and motivation regarding vaccination: health consequences, ambiguity of information and societal motivation. Health consequences mainly concerned the effect for their offspring, and the unknown long-term effects of COVID-19 vaccination. The advice from the Dutch institute for Public Health and Environment changed from not vaccinating pregnant individuals after release of the developed vaccine, to routinely vaccinating all pregnant individuals after research data were available from the United States of America (USA). This change of policy fuelled doubt and confusion for vaccination. Arguments in favor of vaccination from the social perspective were specific behaviour rules and restrictions due to the pandemic. E.g. without vaccination people were unable to travel abroad and having to take a COVID-19 test every time entering a public place. Conclusion Pregnant individuals need clear, unambiguous information concerning health consequences, short- and long-term, particularly for their offspring, in the decision-making process regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, the societal perspective needs to be addressed. Besides the aforementioned themes, general counselling should focus on misperceptions of vaccine safety and the role of misinformation which are also important in the non-pregnant population. This study underlines the importance of including pregnant individuals in research programs to obtain specific information targeted to their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J M Zilver
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna L Rietveld
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Noralie N Schonewille
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, OLVG, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Petra C A M Bakker
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, OLVG, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christianne J M de Groot
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Singer A, Kosowan L, Muthumuni D, Katz A, Zafari H, Zulkernine F, Richardson JD, Price M, Williamson T, Queenan J, Sareen J. Characterizing primary care patients with posttraumatic stress disorder using electronic medical records: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Fam Pract 2024; 41:434-441. [PMID: 36490368 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmac139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has significant morbidity and economic costs. This study describes the prevalence and characteristics of patients with PTSD using primary care electronic medical record (EMR) data. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study used EMR data from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN). This study included 1,574 primary care providers located in 7 Canadian provinces. There were 689,301 patients that visited a CPCSSN provider between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019. We describe associations between PTSD and patient characteristics using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Among the 689,301 patients included, 8,817 (1.3%, 95% CI 1.2-1.3) had a diagnosis of PTSD. On multiple logistic regression analysis, patients with depression (OR 4.4, 95% CI 4.2-4.7, P < 0.001), alcohol abuse/dependence (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.6-1.9, P < 0.001), and/or drug abuse/dependence (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.5-2.8, P < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of PTSD compared with patients without those conditions. Patients residing in community areas considered the most material deprived (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-2.1, P < 0.001) or the most socially deprived (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.7-5.3, P < 0.001) had higher odds of being diagnosed with PTSD compared with patients in the least deprived areas. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PTSD in Canadian primary care is 1.3% (95% CI 1.25-1.31). Using EMR records we confirmed the co-occurrence of PTSD with other mental health conditions within primary care settings suggesting benefit for improved screening and evidence-based resources to manage PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Singer
- Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Leanne Kosowan
- Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dhasni Muthumuni
- Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alan Katz
- Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hasan Zafari
- School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - J Don Richardson
- Operational Stress Injury Clinic, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Morgan Price
- Department of Family Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tyler Williamson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John Queenan
- Department of Family Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jitender Sareen
- Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faulty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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23
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O’Brien E, Duffy S, Harkins V, Smith SM, O’Herlihy N, Walsh A, Clyne B, Wallace E. A scoping review of evidence-based guidance and guidelines published by general practice professional organizations. Fam Pract 2024; 41:404-418. [PMID: 36812366 PMCID: PMC11324327 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) need robust, up-to-date evidence to deliver high-quality patient care. There is limited literature regarding the role of international GP professional organizations in developing and publishing clinical guidelines to support GPs clinical decision making. OBJECTIVE To identify evidence-based guidance and clinical guidelines produced by GP professional organizations and summarize their content, structure, and methods of development and dissemination. METHODS Scoping review of GP professional organizations following Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. Four databases were searched and a grey literature search was conducted. Studies were included if they were: (i) evidence-based guidance documents or clinical guidelines produced de novo by a national GP professional organization, (ii) developed to support GPs clinical care, and (iii) published in the last 10 years. GP professional organizations were contacted to provide supplementary information. A narrative synthesis was performed. RESULTS Six GP professional organizations and 60 guidelines were included. The most common de novo guideline topics were mental health, cardiovascular disease, neurology, pregnancy and women's health and preventive care. All guidelines were developed using a standard evidence-synthesis method. All included documents were disseminated through downloadable pdfs and peer review publications. GP professional organizations indicated that they generally collaborate with or endorse guidelines developed by national or international guideline producing bodies. CONCLUSION The findings of this scoping review provide an overview of de novo guideline development by GP professional organizations and can support collaboration between GP organizations worldwide thus reducing duplication of effort, facilitating reproducibility, and identifying areas of standardization. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JXQ26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer O’Brien
- Department of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Duffy
- Department of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Velma Harkins
- Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan M Smith
- Department of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, DublinIreland
| | | | - Aisling Walsh
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barbara Clyne
- Department of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Wallace
- Department of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of General Practice, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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24
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Baqir A, Ali M, Jaffar S, Sherazi HHR, Lee M, Bashir AK, Al Dabel MM. Identifying COVID-19 survivors living with post-traumatic stress disorder through machine learning on Twitter. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18902. [PMID: 39143145 PMCID: PMC11325037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted people's lives and caused significant economic damage around the world, but its impact on people's mental health has not been paid due attention by the research community. According to anecdotal data, the pandemic has raised serious concerns related to mental health among the masses. However, no systematic investigations have been conducted previously on mental health monitoring and, in particular, detection of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goal of this study is to use classical machine learning approaches to classify tweets into COVID-PTSD positive or negative categories. To this end, we employed various Machine Learning (ML) classifiers, to segregate the psychotic difficulties with the user's PTSD in the context of COVID-19, including Random Forest Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, and K-Nearest Neighbor. ML models are trained and tested using various combinations of feature selection strategies to get the best possible combination. Based on our experimentation on real-world dataset, we demonstrate our model's effectiveness to perform classification with an accuracy of 83.29% using Support Vector Machine as classifier and unigram as a feature pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Baqir
- Complex Human Behavior Laboratory, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
- Northeastern University, London, UK
| | - Mubashir Ali
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Mark Lee
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ali Kashif Bashir
- Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Woxsen School of Business, Woxsen University, Hyderabad, 502 345, India
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maryam M Al Dabel
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
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25
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García-Rivas A, Martos-Cabrera MB, Membrive Jiménez MJ, Aguayo-Estremera R, Suleiman Martos N, Albendín-García L, Gómez-Urquiza JL. Anxiety in Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1575. [PMID: 39201134 PMCID: PMC11353448 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12161575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of anxiety in nursing students and the factors involved. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCE PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science. BACKGROUND Nursing students are at an increased risk of developing mental overload, due to the presence of many sources of stress during their academic training. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the mental health of the general population, especially on healthcare workers and consequently on students undertaking placements in healthcare settings. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases. A total of 24 articles were included in the review, and 20 articles were selected for the meta-analysis. RESULTS We found that the anxiety scores of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic were slightly higher (50%) than before the pandemic. The most influential risk factors for developing anxiety were academics, age, gender, having children, living in urban areas or with family, having an addiction to social networks, and having a fear of becoming infected with COVID-19. Resilience, spiritual support and feelings of happiness protected students against the risk of developing high levels of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased levels of anxiety in nursing students. Thirty-five percent of the meta-analytically analysed sample had elevated levels of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa García-Rivas
- Hospital Quirón Salud Sagrado Corazón, C. Rafael Salgado, 3, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Begoña Martos-Cabrera
- San Cecilio Clinical University Hospital, Av. Del Conocimiento s/n, Andalusian Health Service, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Raimundo Aguayo-Estremera
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | | | - Luis Albendín-García
- Casería de Montijo Health Center, Granada Metropolitan District, Andalusian Health Service, Calle Joaquina Eguaras nº 2, Edificio 2 1ª Planta, 18013 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
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26
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Ye X, Wang X, Lin H. Global Research on Pandemics or Epidemics and Mental Health: A Natural Language Processing Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024:10.1007/s44197-024-00284-8. [PMID: 39117794 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global research on pandemics or epidemics and mental health has been growing exponentially recently, which cannot be integrated through traditional systematic review. Our study aims to systematically synthesize the evidence using natural language processing (NLP) techniques. METHODS Multiple databases were searched using titles, abstracts, and keywords. We systematically identified relevant literature published prior to Dec 31, 2023, using NLP techniques such as text classification, topic modelling and geoparsing methods. Relevant articles were categorized by content, date, and geographic location, outputting evidence heat maps, geographical maps, and narrative synthesis of trends in related publications. RESULTS Our NLP analysis identified 77,915 studies in the area of pandemics or epidemics and mental health published before Dec 31, 2023. The Covid pandemic was the most common, followed by SARS and HIV/AIDS; Anxiety and stress were the most frequently studied mental health outcomes; Social support and healthcare were the most common way of coping. Geographically, the evidence base was dominated by studies from high-income countries, with scant evidence from low-income counties. Co-occurrence of pandemics or epidemics and fear, depression, stress was common. Anxiety was one of the three most common topics in all continents except North America. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the importance and feasibility of using NLP to comprehensively map pandemics or epidemics and mental health in the age of big literature. The review identifies clear themes for future clinical and public health research, and is critical for designing evidence-based approaches to reduce the negative mental health impacts of pandemics or epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Institute for Global Public Policy, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- LSE-Fudan Research Centre for Global Public Policy, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Institute for Global Public Policy, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hugo Lin
- CentraleSupélec, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, 91192, France
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27
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Tasket ME, Neal AM. Differences between College Males and Females' Coping Mechanisms in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39116412 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2370929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This study's purpose is to examine the differences between how men and women use cognitive coping mechanisms in stressful situations, specifically the COVID-19 pandemic. Research suggests that men and women cope with stress differently. Women tend to have a more emotional response to stressors and are expected to spend more time discussing issues with family and friends. Men are socialized for problem-focused coping. Only using problem-focused coping can be problematic when the cause of the stress cannot be changed by the individual. A secondary goal of this study was to evaluate other factors that affected cognitive coping, such as knowing someone who died of COVID-19. Participants ages 18-24 were invited to take part in an online survey evaluating cognitive coping mechanisms. After analysis, we found that in many ways men and women cognitively coped similarly. More often, women use a wider range of coping strategies except for self-blame and other blame. The participants used the coping mechanisms at significantly higher levels than adults during pre-pandemic times. Knowing someone who died of COVID-19 correlated with statistically significantly higher usage of several coping mechanisms. Understanding young adults' cognitive coping during high-stress scenarios can uncover solutions to improved mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Tasket
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allyson M Neal
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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28
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Calzavara-Pinton I, Nibbio G, Barlati S, Bertoni L, Necchini N, Zardini D, Baglioni A, Paolini S, Poddighe L, Bulgari V, Lisoni J, Deste G, Vita A. Treatment of Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: New Evidence, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Brain Sci 2024; 14:791. [PMID: 39199483 PMCID: PMC11352256 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) represents one of the core features of the disorder and has a significant impact on functional and rehabilitation outcomes of people living with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). The aim of this critical review is to highlight the most recent evidence on effective treatments available for CIAS, to discuss the current challenges in this field, and to present future perspectives that may help to overcome them. Concerning psychopharmacological approaches, among the most indicated strategies for the management and prevention of CIAS is to favor second-generation antipsychotic medications and avoid long-term and high-dose treatments with anticholinergic medications and benzodiazepines. Moreover, non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive remediation and physical exercise-based programs represent evidence-based interventions in the treatment of CIAS that have shown reliable evidence of effectiveness on both cognitive and functional outcomes. These treatments, however, are still delivered to people accessing mental health services with a diagnosis of CIAS in an uneven manner, even in high-income countries. Academic and clinical partnership and collaboration, as well as advocacy from service users, families, carers, and stakeholders' organizations could help to reduce the bench to bedside gap in the treatment of CIAS. Future perspectives include the development of novel pharmacological agents that could be effective in the treatment of CIAS, the implementation of novel technologies such as telemedicine and virtual reality in the delivery of evidence-based interventions to improve accessibility and engagement, and further research in the field of non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Calzavara-Pinton
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (I.C.-P.); (L.P.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Gabriele Nibbio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.N.); (L.B.); (N.N.); (D.Z.); (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (I.C.-P.); (L.P.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.N.); (L.B.); (N.N.); (D.Z.); (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Lorenzo Bertoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.N.); (L.B.); (N.N.); (D.Z.); (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Nicola Necchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.N.); (L.B.); (N.N.); (D.Z.); (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Daniela Zardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.N.); (L.B.); (N.N.); (D.Z.); (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Antonio Baglioni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.N.); (L.B.); (N.N.); (D.Z.); (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Stefano Paolini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.N.); (L.B.); (N.N.); (D.Z.); (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Laura Poddighe
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (I.C.-P.); (L.P.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Viola Bulgari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.N.); (L.B.); (N.N.); (D.Z.); (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Jacopo Lisoni
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (I.C.-P.); (L.P.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Giacomo Deste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.N.); (L.B.); (N.N.); (D.Z.); (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.D.)
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Valcamonica, 25040 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (I.C.-P.); (L.P.); (J.L.); (A.V.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.N.); (L.B.); (N.N.); (D.Z.); (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.D.)
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Corrigan O, Danielsen S, Doherty S, Lane P. Integrated care systems in England: the significance of collaborative community assets in promoting and sustaining health and wellbeing. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2024; 9:1355215. [PMID: 39165862 PMCID: PMC11334352 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1355215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Until recently the healthcare system in England was based on a commissioning/provider model. However, this has been replaced with an Integrated Care Systems (ICSs) approach, aimed at improving health and wellbeing and reducing inequalities through local collaborative partnerships with public sector organizations, community groups, social enterprise organizations and other local agencies. Part of this new approach is an emphasis on the role of community assets (i.e., local resources), that are considered integral to promoting positive health and wellbeing outcomes. This paper presents research from a series of three research studies on "community assets" conducted in the East of England within a newly established ICS. Based on analysis of qualitative data highlighting the lived experience of community asset members, this paper shows the positive wellbeing impact on vulnerable community members that assets provide. Further insight on the local impact and the collaborative nature of the research is provided suggesting that new asset-based approaches recognize the social determinants of health. This presents a shift away from positivistic linear approaches to population health and wellbeing to a new non-linear collaborative approach to addressing health inequalities and promoting wellbeing. The authors suggest that exploring this through a complexity theory lens could illuminate this further. Finally, the authors warn that while community assets have an important role to play in empowering citizens and providing much needed support to vulnerable and disadvantaged communities, they are not a substitute for functioning funded public sector services that are currently being undermined by ongoing local governments funding cuts. As such, while community assets can help ameliorate some of the negative effects people experience due to economic, structural and health disadvantages, only a more fair and more equal distribution of resources can address growing health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oonagh Corrigan
- School of Allied Health and Social Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Danielsen
- Health, Partnerships and Wellbeing, Colchester City Council, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pauline Lane
- School of Allied Health and Social Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
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Canavero I, Storti B, Marinoni G, De Souza DA, Moro E, Gatti L, Sacco S, Lorenzano S, Sandset EC, Poggesi A, Carrozzini T, Pollaci G, Potenza A, Gorla G, Wardlaw JM, Zedde ML, Bersano A. COVID-19 and stroke in women: impact on clinical, psychosocial and research aspects. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07716-0. [PMID: 39103735 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in gender medicine, the influence of sex and gender on human diseases, including stroke, continues to be underestimated and understudied. The COVID-19 pandemic has overall impacted not only the occurrence and management of stroke but has also exacerbated sex and gender disparities among both patients and healthcare providers. This paper aims to provide an updated overview on the influence of sex and gender in stroke pathophysiology and care during COVID-19 pandemic, through biological, clinical, psychosocial and research perspectives. Gender equity and awareness of the importance of sexual differences are sorely needed, especially in times of health crisis but have not yet been achieved to date. To this purpose, the sudden yet worldwide diffusion of COVID-19 represents a unique learning experience that highlights critical unmet needs also in gender medicine. The failures of this recent past should be kept as food for thought to inspire proper strategies reducing inequalities and to address women's health and wellbeing issues, particularly in case of future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Canavero
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Benedetta Storti
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Giulia Marinoni
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Diana Aguiar De Souza
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Moro
- Division of Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Gatti
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Else C Sandset
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Poggesi
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Stroke Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Tatiana Carrozzini
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pollaci
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Antonella Potenza
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Gemma Gorla
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Luisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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Ala S, Ramos-Campos F, Relva IC. Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress and Mental Health in a Sample of University Students: The Mediating Role of Resilience and Psychological Well-Being. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2262-2281. [PMID: 39194945 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14080151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most stressful events in recent times across the world. The long-term effect of these experiences raises several concerns, including the development of post-traumatic stress symptomatology. However, little is known about the psychological processes that mediate this association. The aim of this study was to explore the association of emotional exhaustion and anxiety in post-traumatic stress symptomatology, and the mediating role of resilience and psychological well-being in university students. A total of 526 university students of both sexes participated in this study, and they were aged between 17 and 62 years old. Symptoms of anxiety and emotional exhaustion were significantly higher in females, in contrast, males showed on average more resilience and psychological well-being. Additionally, participants with COVID-19 infection had higher levels of emotional exhaustion, anxiety, and PTSD. The results indicated that the variables were correlated with each other (p < 0.001). A conceptual model was confirmed that describes anxiety and emotional exhaustion as predictors, post-traumatic stress symptomatology as an outcome variable, and resilience and psychological well-being as mediators. Resilience and psychological well-being can be important protective factors for adaptive responses in stressful situations. The findings obtained in this study will provide a theoretical basis for designing targeted interventions to improve psychological health, whether for crisis intervention, the process of adapting to higher education, or for recovery plans from psychological trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Ala
- Department of Social Sciences, Life and Public Health Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, School of Health, 5300-121 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Group on Neuroscience and Psychiatric Illnesses in Instituto de Investigation Sanitaria Galicia Sur, 36213 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Ramos-Campos
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inês Carvalho Relva
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Intervention in Education (CIIE), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Oropallo A, Ratnasekera A, Cannada L, Yu Y, Qamar F, Reyna C. National survey results on effect of COVID-19 pandemic on female surgeons: A new normal work environment. Am J Surg 2024; 234:80-84. [PMID: 37863799 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of COVID-19 reaches the overall well-being of women surgeons. We aimed to describe the impact of transitioning to a new challenging environment. METHODS A survey of 60 quantitative questions using a Likert-like scale was distributed electronically via email across 1200 members of the Association of Women Surgeons in 2021. Family lifestyle factors including care for children, elderly family members, extent of household chores, and impact of COVID-19 pandemic were queried. RESULTS A total of 139 members responded. Fifty one percent of these respondents had children at home and 31.2% indicated they needed additional help at home during that time. Eighteen percent of those in practice cared for their elderly family members. Of the survey participants, 71.2% felt the COVID pandemic resulted in a worsened clinical practice, with 30.9% noting a decrease in income. CONCLUSIONS Women surgeons faced crucial challenges during and post pandemic. An awareness of the changing needs of women surgeons is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Oropallo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra University/Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | | | - Lisa Cannada
- Novant Health Orthopaedic Fracture Clinic, University of North Carolina Department of Orthopaedics Adjunct Professor, UNC Charlotte Director of Faculty Integration, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Yangyang Yu
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Qamar
- DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chantal Reyna
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hong S, Walton B, Kim HW, Kaboi M, Moynihan S, Rhee TG. Exploring Disparities in Behavioral Health Service Use in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:549-562. [PMID: 37349603 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, but few studies looked at associations between the pandemic and state-funded behavioral health service utilization. We aimed to examine behavioral health service utilization during the early phase of COVID-19 among individuals with psychiatric disorders (PD), substance use disorders (SUD), and co-occurring disorders (COD). METHODS Using the last Adult Needs and Strengths Assessment (ANSA) completed in 2019 and 2020 in a Midwestern state, a column proportion test and Poisson regression model examined the associations of the pandemic year, age, gender, race/ethnicity, diagnostic type, and behavioral health needs. RESULTS Between 2019 and 2020, the number of adults newly involved in behavioral health services increased from 11,882 to 17,385. The number of total actionable items (TAI) differed by gender and age group. Adults who were Black or American Indian were more likely to have a significantly higher number of needs that interfered with functioning (β = 0.08; CI [0.06, 0.09]), (β = 0.16; CI [0.08, 0.23]), respectively, than White peers. Individuals with COD showed the highest number of needs (β = 0.27; CI [0.26, 0.28]) when compared to the needs of individuals with psychiatric disorders, after controlling for year, age, gender, and race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Additional research is needed to better understand the intersections of age, gender identity, race/ethnicity, the complexity of needs, and useful strengths. The involvement of practitioners, service organizations, researchers, and policymakers will be required to provide accessible, effective behavioral health services with cultural and developmental adaptations to support recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saahoon Hong
- School of Social Work, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Betty Walton
- School of Social Work, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hea-Won Kim
- School of Social Work, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maryanne Kaboi
- School of Social Work, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie Moynihan
- School of Social Work, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Trevisan C, De Vincentis A, Noale M, Maggi S, Antonelli Incalzi R, Pedone C, Prinelli F, Giacomelli A, Fortunato L, Molinaro S, Cori L, Adorni F. Sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the second phase of web-based EPICOVID19 study. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3369. [PMID: 38214684 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has induced significant impairments, including sleep disturbances. The present study aimed to explore the impact of fear in relation to stress on sleep disorders among Italian adults and older participants in the second phase of the EPICOVID19 web-based survey (January-February 2021). Sleep disturbances during the pandemic were evaluated using the Jenkins Sleep Scale, perceived stress through the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale and fear of contagion and about economic and job situation with four ad hoc items. The strength of the pathways between stress, sleep disturbances and fear was explored using structural equation modelling, hypothesising that stress was related to sleep disturbances and that fear was associated with both stress and sleep problems. Out of 41,473 participants (74.7% women; mean age 49.7 ± 13.1 years), 8.1% reported sleep disturbances and were more frequently women, employed in a work category at risk of infection or unemployed, and showed higher deprivation scores. Considering an a priori hypotheses model defining sleep and stress scores as endogenous variables and fear as an exogenous variable, we found that fear was associated with sleep problems and stress, and stress was associated with sleep problems; almost half of the total impact of fear on sleep quality was mediated by stress. The impact of stress on sleep quality was more evident in the younger age group, among individuals with a lower socioeconomic status and healthcare workers. Fear related to COVID-19 seem to be associated with sleep disturbances directly and indirectly through stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Trevisan
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio De Vincentis
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome and Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Noale
- Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, National Research Council (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome and Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pedone
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome and Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Prinelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Epidemiology Unit, National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomelli
- III Infectious Diseases Unit, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Loredana Fortunato
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Epidemiology and Health Research Laboratory, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Molinaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Epidemiology and Health Research Laboratory, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Liliana Cori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Adorni
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Epidemiology Unit, National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Milano, Italy
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Miller RL, Moran M, Lucas-Thompson RG, Sanchez N, Seiter N, Rayburn S, Verros M, Haddock SA, Zimmerman TS, Johnson SA, Shomaker LB. Mental health and health behaviors among college student mentors in a randomized controlled trial interrupted by COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1646-1650. [PMID: 35728068 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2086007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The benefits of mindfulness-training and mentoring for college students have yet to be investigated. We aimed to provide an exploratory and descriptive account of their potential benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: In February 2020, 49 undergraduates (M = 20.51 years-old; 94% female) participated in a randomized trial of 12-week mentoring + mindfulness or mentoring-as-usual. After five weekly mentoring-sessions, programs were interrupted by COVID-19; mentoring continued online. Methods: Undergraduates completed questionnaires about mental health, behaviors, and regulatory processes in February and July 2020, with additional COVID-19-related questions at follow-up. Results: Participants reported moderate COVID-19-related perceived stress, but mental health, health behaviors, and regulatory processes did not diminish over time, with no condition differences. Undergraduates described using contemplative practices and social support to cope with COVID-19-stress. Conclusions: Undergraduates showed stable mental health/health behaviors despite moderate COVID-19-related-stress. Future research on mentoring with a mindfulness component among a larger and more heterogeneous sample will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan L Miller
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan Moran
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Natalia Sanchez
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Natasha Seiter
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie Rayburn
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan Verros
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Shelley A Haddock
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Toni S Zimmerman
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Auerswald S, Koddebusch C, Hermann C. Elevated perceived stress in university students due to the COVID-19 pandemic: Potential contributing factors in a propensity-score-matched sample. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:715-728. [PMID: 38497207 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Onset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic has increased students' perceived burdens. The current study aimed to examine COVID-related changes and to identify potential factors that contribute to students' stress. METHOD Adopting a cross-sectional cohort-study design, we examined perceived stress and depressive and anxiety symptoms with a specific focus on the role of study-related variables such as perceived study-related demands, study-related resources, academic procrastination, and stress-enhancing beliefs. Two cohorts (Npre-COVID = 2,175; NCOVID = 959) were recruited at the same university and matched with regard to their propensity score (age, gender, semester). RESULTS Compared with the pre-COVID cohort, university students in the COVID cohort reported more perceived stress, more depressive and anxiety symptoms, more academic procrastination due to fear of failure, more stress-enhancing beliefs, more distress due to the housing situation, and more perceived study-related challenges (Cohen's d = 0.15-0.45). A stepwise regression analysis identified depressive symptoms, procrastination due to fear of failure, general self-efficacy, increased study demands, perceived difficulties with self-organized learning, distress due to housing, and stress-enhancing beliefs as predictors of perceived stress in the COVID cohort. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that the switch to online-only education increased the study-related burden for students, primarily due to exams being replaced by a greater amount of regular coursework and imposing demands on self-organized learning. Possibly, stress-enhancing beliefs and procrastination due to fear of failure might have been elevated due to less opportunity for social referencing and lack of felt social support by peer students. CONCLUSION Experienced increased burden in students during the COVID pandemic was mostly accounted for by a lack of perceived individual resources rather than by an increase in objective study-related demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Auerswald
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Koddebusch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Hermann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Kim KK, Fang W, Liu AY, Panesar D, Xiao NG. Altered development of face recognition among infants born amid the COVID-19 pandemic. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 244:105942. [PMID: 38703752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
To effectively contain the spread of COVID-19, public health agencies mandated special regulations. Although they protected us from COVID-19, these restrictions have inevitably changed the environment around us. It remains unclear how these changes may have affected early cognitive development among infants born during the pandemic. Thus, this study examined how the COVID-19 restrictions have affected infants' face recognition ability, a hallmark of their cognitive capacities. Specifically, we used the familiarization and visual pair comparison paradigm to examine face recognition performance among infants aged 6 to 14 months amid the second wave of the pandemic (February to July 2021). Experiment 1 investigated the recognition of unmasked faces and found that only younger infants, but not older infants, recognized faces by showing a novelty preference. Experiment 2 examined the recognition of faces wearing masks and found that only older infants, but not younger ones, recognized faces by exhibiting a familiarity preference. These results suggest that with limited interactions during the pandemic, infants could have developed an overly specialized face processing ability that failed to recognize the faces of strangers. Moreover, infants could have obtained more information on masked faces during the pandemic and adapted to the current situation. In Expreiment 3, we further confirmed the restriction on infants' interpersonal experiences with a survey conducted both before and during the pandemic. Overall, these findings demonstrated how the pandemic altered early perceptual development and further confirmed that interpersonal experiences during infancy are critical in their cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Kyuri Kim
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Anna Y Liu
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Darshan Panesar
- Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6, Canada
| | - Naiqi G Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Yaphe S, Sundaresan L, Freedman JD, Weinberg SJ, Vaughn IA, Lamerato LE, Budzynska K. The Effect of COVID-19 on Mood Disorders in Urban and Suburban Detroit. AJPM FOCUS 2024; 3:100246. [PMID: 39034935 PMCID: PMC11260361 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the global experience of anxiety and depression owing to social isolation and government-mandated quarantine for transmission reduction. To date, literature surrounding the mental health effects of COVID-19 for the U.S. population is limited. Methods This is a retrospective study from a large metropolitan Detroit health system. Patient encounters between December 23, 2018 and June 22, 2021, with March 23, 2020 being the start of Michigan state-wide lockdown, were used to define pre- and post-COVID-19 encounters, respectively. The data were divided into Detroit and non-Detroit on the basis of patient ZIP code. All patients aged ≥13 years with a visit with a family medicine provider were included. Outcome variables included Patient Health Questionnaires-2 and -9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 scores; diagnoses of depression, anxiety, adjustment, and grief disorders; antidepressant prescriptions; and behavioral health referrals. Logistic regression was used to determine the incidence of composite mood disorder, depression, and anxiety. Results A total of 20,970 individuals were included in this study: 10,613 in the Detroit subgroup and 10,357 in the non-Detroit subgroup. A total of 88.2% of the Detroit population were Black, and 70% were female. Logistic regression shows that the incidence of composite mood disorder decreased with increasing age (OR=0.787, 0.608, 0.422, and 0.392; p<0.001). Male sex is a protective factor (OR=0.646, p<0.001). Federal insurance is the only factor presenting a statistically significant increased risk (OR=1.395, p<0.001). There was no statistical difference between residing in urban and suburban areas in the incidence of composite mood disorder (OR=0.996, p=0.953). Conclusions This research demonstrates that residing in an urban setting did not increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder during the COVID-19 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Yaphe
- Department of Family Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Ivana A. Vaughn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lois E. Lamerato
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Katarzyna Budzynska
- Department of Family Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
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Maximiano-Barreto MA, Alqueja Azorli L, Mendes de Paula Pessoa R, Ferreira AA, Ramos Rezende AC, Moretti Luchesi B, Inouye K, Chagas MHN. COVID-19 Frequency in Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients: A Systematic Review. Psychiatry 2024:1-24. [PMID: 39083759 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2024.2379750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic affected individuals in different contexts (e.g. long-term care facilities, schools, communities), including psychiatric hospitals. Thus, the objective of this systematic review, duly registered and approved on PROSPERO (CRD42023427835), is to assess the frequency of positive COVID-19 cases among patients hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals. METHODS A total of 4,922 articles were identified in the database searches, and 17 studies conducted in psychiatric hospitals from different regions of the world were selected. RESULTS The frequency of positive COVID-19 cases among patients hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals ranged from 1.8% to 98.8%. Out of a total of 19,573 patients hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals, the pooled mean frequency of positive COVID-19 cases was 11.9%. The majority of patients presented COVID-19 symptoms (e.g. cough, fever and others). The COVID-19 diagnosis was primarily conducted through RT-PCR testing in 88.9% of the studies. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there is discrepancy in the methodology of the studies assessing the frequency of positive COVID-19 cases in psychiatric hospitals. However, this review allowed us to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the population hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals.
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Musbat S, Reuveni I, Magnezi R. Exploring the relationship between social activities and financial risk aversion in adults aged 50 + with depression caseness. Isr J Health Policy Res 2024; 13:34. [PMID: 39080793 PMCID: PMC11290178 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-024-00621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk aversion due to depression is common among older adults, and social participation is associated with improved mental health and a lower risk of late-life depression. However, little is known about the connection between participation in social activities and risky financial decisions among adults with depression. Thus, we aim to examine the connection between participation in social activities and taking financial risks and investing in risky financial assets (with high-return potential) in such individuals, differentiated by age and gender. The study also focuses on analyzing the percentage of investors within each social activity, their attendance frequency, and motivation. METHODS The data was obtained from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) database Wave 2 (2006-2010). The study included 8,769 individuals aged 50 + with depression caseness, from 15 European countries and Israel who answered the question on participation in social activities and reported financial risk-taking intentions or behaviors (investing in stocks or shares, mutual funds or managed investment accounts, and both). The study utilized Pearson chi-square, odds ratios, Z, and hierarchical logistic regression tests. RESULTS The odds for taking financial risks and investing in risky financial assets were higher for those participating in social activities compared to those who did not, on both intentional (by 173%) and behavioral (by 240-397%) levels. Such social activities (attended at least once a week, without financial motivation) have been shown to be primarily represented by educational or training courses - where 33% of participants invested in risky financial assets. The connection persisted after controlling for gender, age, marital status, children, income. CONCLUSIONS By overcoming the subjects' financial risk aversion, participation in social activities may help improve mental health in individuals aged 50 + with depression caseness. This has important implications for policymakers in healthcare, who by updating healthcare policies can fund and facilitate participation in social activities. As a result, the national healthcare system may benefit from lower hospitalization-related expenses, and generate higher cash flows into the country's economy using the population's renewed interest in investing available funds. These results are relevant in the wake of COVID-19 that increased loneliness and depression rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Musbat
- Department of Management, Health Systems Management Program, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Inbal Reuveni
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, 9112001, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Racheli Magnezi
- Department of Management, Health Systems Management Program, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Gil-Almagro F, García-Hedrera FJ, Peñacoba-Puente C, Carmona-Monge FJ. Anxiety Evolution among Healthcare Workers-A Prospective Study Two Years after the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic Including Occupational and Psychoemotional Variables. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1230. [PMID: 39202511 PMCID: PMC11356201 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Although previous research has found a high prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers, longitudinal studies on post-pandemic anxiety and predictor variables have been less abundant. To examine the evolution of anxiety in healthcare workers from the beginning of the pandemic until one and a half years later, analyzing the influence of occupational and psychosocial variables, as well as their possible predictors. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal design with three periods of data collection: (1) between 5 May and 21 June 2020, (2) six months after the end of the state of alarm (January-March 2021), and (3) one year after this second assessment (April-July 2022), in which generalized anxiety (GAD-7) was evaluated, as well as occupational and psycho-emotional variables (i.e., social support, self-efficacy, resilience, and cognitive fusion) in healthcare workers in direct contact with COVID-19 patients in Spain. Results: A high prevalence of anxiety was found, with a clear decrease over time. Associations were found between anxiety and certain sociodemographic and work variables (i.e., years of experience, p = 0.046; COVID-19 symptoms, p = 0.001; availability of PPE, p = 0.002; workload, p < 0.001; family contagion concern, p = 0.009). Anxiety maintained negative relationships with social support (p < 0.001), self-efficacy (p < 0.001), and resilience (p < 0.001) and positive associations with cognitive fusion (p < 0.001). Cognitive fusion seemed to be a clear predictor of anxiety. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that social support, self-efficacy, and resilience act as buffers for anxiety, whilst cognitive fusion was found to be a clear risk factor for anxiety. It is important to emphasize the risk role played by cognitive fusion on HCWs as a clear risk factor for stressful work events. The findings emphasize the need to implement specific interventions to promote the mental well-being of healthcare workers, particularly in crisis contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gil-Almagro
- Psychology Deparment, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Av. de Atenas, s/n, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.-A.); (C.P.-P.)
- Nurse Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Budapest, 1, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Cecilia Peñacoba-Puente
- Psychology Deparment, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Av. de Atenas, s/n, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.-A.); (C.P.-P.)
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Han J, Lee H, Kim T, Lee S. Exploring the Impact of Positive Psychology-Based Virtual Music Therapy on Mental Health in Stressed College Students during COVID-19: A Pilot Investigation. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1467. [PMID: 39120171 PMCID: PMC11311473 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effectiveness of a virtual music therapy program, based on positive psychotherapy principles, in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-four undergraduate students with partial PTSD were initially assigned to either an experimental group or a control group, with 11 participants in each group by the study's end. The experimental group underwent 15 video sessions of the therapy program, completing one session per weekday over 3 weeks. The program involved worksheets targeting goals aligned with positive psychology, such as positive affect, life meaning, personal strengths, gratitude, hope, and happiness. The activities included writing music autobiographies, creating and analyzing song lyrics, and exploring various music pieces. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and the Korean Version of Positive Psychological Capital (K-PPC) before, immediately after, and 3 weeks post-program. The experimental group showed significant improvements in stress (F = 5.759, p < 0.05), anxiety (F = 4.790, p < 0.01), depression (F = 5.740, p < 0.01), self-efficacy (F = 3.723, p < 0.05), resilience (F = 4.739, p < 0.05), and the K-PPC total score (F = 3.740, p < 0.05) compared with the control group. These improvements were maintained at the 3-week follow-up. The findings suggest that positive psychology-based virtual music therapy can significantly enhance the mental health of highly stressed college students, especially during challenging times such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Han
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Arts Therapy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Teri Kim
- Division of Health and Sport Science, Dongguk University-WISE, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sangyeol Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Karimi M, Khami MR, Varmazyari S, Shamshiri AR, Hormozi M, M. Aly N, Oluwátóyìn Foláyan M. COVID-19's psychological toll on oral health: A cross-sectional study in Iranian adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307429. [PMID: 39028738 PMCID: PMC11259255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic increased global psychological distress, emotional distress, and sleep disturbances, all known risk factors for compromised oral health. Despite this, there is limited understanding of the impacts of these psychological factors on oral health in certain populations, including Iranians. Thus, the present study investigates the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, emotional distress, sleep pattern changes, tooth brushing frequency, and oral ulcer reports in a sample of Iranian adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional, web-based study collected data from Iranian adults between July and September 2022 using respondent-driven sampling. The Mental Health and Wellness questionnaire was used to gather information on sociodemographic characteristics, emotional distress, sleep pattern changes, toothbrushing frequency, and oral ulcer reports. Simple and multiple logistic regression served for statistical analysis. RESULTS Among the 240 participants, comprising 164 females and 76 males, with a mean age of 35.3 years (±13.3), 28 individuals (11.7%) reported reduced tooth brushing frequency, and 35 individuals (14.6%) reported oral ulcers. Male gender (OR = 2.75, p = 0.016) and sleep patterns changes (OR = 2.93, p = 0.01) increased the likelihood of reduced tooth brushing frequency. Additionally, being younger than 30 (OR = 2.87, p = 0.025) and fearing coronavirus transmission (OR = 3.42, p = 0.009) increased the odds of oral ulcers. CONCLUSIONS Male gender and sleep pattern changes were risk factors for reduced tooth brushing frequency among the present sample of Iranian adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Additionally, being under 30 and fearing coronavirus transmission were identified as risk factors for oral ulcers in this population. To preserve and promote adults' oral health during public health crises, targeted educational initiatives, public health awareness campaigns, and integrated mental and oral healthcare approaches are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Karimi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khami
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Varmazyari
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dental Students’ Scientific Research Center, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shamshiri
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hormozi
- Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Oral Health Initiative, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Rosen AO, Hidalgo MD, Mistler CB, Balluerka N, Gorostiaga A, Gómez-Benito J, Holmes AL, Huedo-Medina TB. Our lifestyles are back to 'normal', but is our mental health? Longitudinal assessment of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among Spanish adults: April 2021 to August 2022. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003389. [PMID: 39018295 PMCID: PMC11253917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental effect on mental health since its start in 2020 and current data on mental health is limited. This study provides recent longitudinal data on psychological distress among a country-wide sample of adults. We recruited and surveyed 1,956 adults in Spain in April 2021 and August 2022 on sociodemographic- and pandemic-related psychological distress using the General Distress 21-item version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Paired sampled t-tests assessed DASS scores by sex from April 2021 to August 2022; and one-way ANOVAs assessed DASS scores across sociodemographic characteristics. Results showed that psychological distress slightly improved across the total sample from April 2021 to August 2022; though females, young adults, students, and individuals with lower income experienced more psychological distress. Increases in severe stress scores were found particularly among men. Our data provides an overview of the psychological distress of Spanish adults 2.5 years into the pandemic and provides novel evidence that though life has resumed a sense of normalcy after the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health of key populations (e.g., females, young adults, students, low-income) is still suffering and further intervention and resources are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviana O. Rosen
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Colleen B. Mistler
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nekane Balluerka
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Gorostiaga
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain
| | - Juana Gómez-Benito
- Group on Measurement Invariance and Analysis of Change (GEIMAC), Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashley L. Holmes
- Department of Health Policy, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, United States of America
| | - Tania B. Huedo-Medina
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain
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Mant M, Aslemand A, Prine A, Holland A. Mixed-methods study of university students' perceptions of COVID-19 and media consumption from March 2020 -April 2022. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003251. [PMID: 39018348 PMCID: PMC11253943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Longitudinal mixed-methods research is necessary to understand the changing dynamics of pandemic perceptions, the adoption of health behaviours, and use of media during a public health emergency. During the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, we used a mixed-methods approach to survey young adults attending a large Canadian public university. Six online convenience survey samples were collected (Spring 2020, Summer 2020, Fall 2020, Spring 2021, Fall 2021, Spring 2022) (n = 4932) and 110 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Female gender was associated with higher perceptions of severity, susceptibility, and the adoption of new health behaviours. Perceptions of severity and anxiety/fear about contracting COVID-19 after reading/hearing a news report decreased overall over time, while perceptions of susceptibility increased through time overall. Social media was the most used form of media and was the form of media that participants judged to make them feel most anxious/fearful about contracting COVID-19. Those who felt anxious after hearing a COVID-19 news report were 8.43 times more likely to judge COVID-19 as severe and 2.07 times more likely to judge their own susceptibility as high. Interviews revealed perceptions of information overload, passive information intake, and a narrowed geographical focus over time. The decrease in judgements of COVID-19 severity with the accompanying increase in judgements of susceptibility over the first two years of the pandemic demonstrate the dynamics of changing pandemic attitudes. Health communication efforts targeting university students in future major health events need to consider these shifting dynamics and ensure that health information distributed via social media meets the needs of university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Mant
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asal Aslemand
- Department of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Prine
- Groves Memorial Community Hospital, Fergus, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyson Holland
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Newson JJ, Sukhoi O, Thiagarajan TC. MHQ: constructing an aggregate metric of population mental wellbeing. Popul Health Metr 2024; 22:16. [PMID: 39020379 PMCID: PMC11256620 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-024-00336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health is 'a state of wellbeing in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community'. Any population metric of mental health and wellbeing should therefore not only reflect the presence or absence of mental challenges but also a person's broad mental capacity and functioning across a range of cognitive, social, emotional and physical dimensions. However, while existing metrics of mental health typically emphasize ill health, existing metrics of wellbeing typically focus on happiness or life satisfaction, indirectly infer wellbeing from a selection of social and economic factors, or do not reflect a read out of the full spectrum of mental functioning that impacts people's everyday life and that spans the continuum from distress and the inability to function, through to the ability to function to one's full potential. METHODS We present the Mental Health Quotient, or MHQ, a population metric of mental wellbeing that comprehensively captures mental functioning, and examine how it relates to functional productivity. We describe the 47-item assessment and the life impact rating scale on which the MHQ metric is based, as well as the rationale behind each step of the nonlinear algorithm used to construct the MHQ metric. RESULTS We demonstrate a linear relationship between the MHQ metric and productive life function where movement on the scale from any point or in any direction relates to an equivalent shift in productive ability at the population level, a relationship that is not borne out using simple sum scores. We further show that this relationship is the same across all age groups. Finally, we demonstrate the potential for the types of insights arising from the MHQ metric, offering examples from the Global Mind Project, an initiative that aims to track and understand our evolving mental wellbeing, and since 2020 has collected responses from over 1 million individuals across 140 + countries. CONCLUSION The MHQ is a metric of mental wellbeing that aligns with the WHO definition and is amenable to large scale population monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleksii Sukhoi
- Sapien Labs, 1201 Wilson Blvd, 27th floor, Arlington, Virginia, USA
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Lai YJ, Tsai EY, Jarustanaput P, Wu YS, Chen YH, O’Leary SE, Manachevakul S, Zhang Y, Shen J, Wang Y. Optimism and mental health in college students: the mediating role of sleep quality and stress. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1403146. [PMID: 39081373 PMCID: PMC11286569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective College students showed a high prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression, with medical and nursing students experiencing particularly elevated levels of mental health challenges.Optimism significantly influences overall well-being by promoting a healthy lifestyle and cognitive responses. However, the association of optimism with sleep quality, stress, and mental health in college students remains unexplored. This study aimed to (1) explore the associations of optimism with sleep quality, stress, and mental health and (2) ascertain whether sleep quality and stress mediate the association between optimism and mental health among college students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using online surveys with students from health science majors at a public university in the northeast United States from September to December 2022. A total of 222 students participated in the study, providing data on sociodemographics, optimism, sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. Parallel and serial mediation models were utilized to examine the potential mediating roles of sleep quality and stress in the association between optimism and mental health. Results The study found that optimism influences anxiety and depression through both direct and indirect pathways. In line with predictions, the parallel mediation analysis revealed that the impact of optimism on anxiety (βtotal = -0.598, 95% confident interval [CI]: -0.778 to -0.392) and depression (βtotal = -0.724, 95% CI: -0.919 to -0.519) was mediated by stress and sleep quality. Furthermore, the serial mediation models revealed that stress and sleep quality co-mediated the relationship betweenoptimism and anxiety (indirect effect [IE] = -0.074, 95% CI: -0.135 to -0.029) or depression (IE = -0.084, 95% CI: -0.142 to -0.036) in a sequential manner. Conclusion Optimism was negatively correlated with poor sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. Enhanced optimism was linked to high sleep quality and less stress, anxiety, and depression. These insights emphasize the potential for school-based optimism interventions to improve sleep quality, ameliorate stress-related concerns, and alleviate mental health challenges in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Lai
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - En-Yun Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ploypapus Jarustanaput
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yi-Syuan Wu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hau Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Samantha E. O’Leary
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Sumatchara Manachevakul
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Jiabin Shen
- Department of Psychology, College of Fine Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Psychology, College of Fine Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
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Stopford MD, Maisto A, Friedlander W. A description of COVID-19 related delusional content in admissions to an acute psychiatric unit. S Afr J Psychiatr 2024; 30:2275. [PMID: 39114754 PMCID: PMC11304377 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound global impact, affecting individuals, including those with mental illness, through early and widespread information dissemination. Although the neurobiological basis of delusions remains unclear, external stimuli and historical events are known to influence them. The pandemic provided a unique opportunity to explore this phenomenon. Aim To determine the prevalence of COVID-19-related delusional content, among individuals presenting for treatment of psychosis during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate associated clinical and demographic factors. Setting Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in-patient psychiatry department. Methods Data were extracted retrospectively from adult psychiatric admissions spanning April to September 2020 on patients whose presenting complaints included delusions. Demographic factors, symptoms, psychiatric, medical and substance use history, and a documented Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnosis by the attending psychiatrist were collected. Results The prevalence of COVID-19-related delusional content was 25.5%. Significant demographic association was observed with education level of Grade 12 and above (p = 0.000338). The odds of a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders were 2.72 times greater than mood and psychotic disorder due to another medical condition in those with COVID- 19-related delusional content (OR 2.19, 95% CI: [1.4-3.4]). Conclusion The presence of COVID-19-related delusional content in patients admitted to hospital with psychosis provides further evidence of the role of external stimuli in the formation of delusions. Contribution This study underscores the influence of socio-cultural factors on delusions and advocates for interventions and expanded research to address mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D Stopford
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alexandra Maisto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wendy Friedlander
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Bosnjak MC, Kuljancic D, Vejnovic AM, Hinic D, Knezevic V, Ratkovic D, Bosic V, Vasic V, Sakic B, Segan D, Savic P, Abazovic M, Comic M, Siladji D, Simic-Panic D, Ivetic Poledica O. Rates of Vaccination against COVID-19 in Psychiatric Outpatients. J Pers Med 2024; 14:748. [PMID: 39064002 PMCID: PMC11278123 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the rates of vaccination against COVID-19 infection in psychiatric outpatients and the general population, as well as rates of infected patients. In addition, the level and type of anxiety due to the pandemic were observed in patients with psychotic, anxiety, and depressive disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, 171 patients with pre-existing mental disorders completed the questionnaire about the doses and types of vaccination against COVID-19. During 2021-2023, patients with different mental disorders, aged from 18 to 80, were included. All patients filled in a self-reported questionnaire including general information (age, sex, marriage, education, working status, comorbid conditions) as well as questions about mental health, receiving vaccination, and the course of COVID-19 infection if it was present. All patients gave informed consent for the interview. RESULTS Patients with pre-existing mental disorders were more likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19 compared with the general population. The Sinopharm vaccine was most frequently applied. In the observed patients, 46.8% were infected, but just 7% had a medium or serious form of infection and were not vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the percentage of vaccinated psychiatric patients was greater than that in the general population, except in psychotic patients, who were mostly limited by fear. Such results can be explained by the high percentage of somatic comorbidities in this population and perhaps insufficient information about the positive effects of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Cvjetkovic Bosnjak
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dusan Kuljancic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana-Marija Vejnovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Darko Hinic
- PMF Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 14, 34111 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Knezevic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Ratkovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vanja Bosic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vasic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branislav Sakic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Darja Segan
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Predrag Savic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Minja Abazovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Masa Comic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Djendji Siladji
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dusica Simic-Panic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Medical Rehabilitation, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Olga Ivetic Poledica
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.-M.V.); (V.K.); (D.R.); (V.B.); (V.V.); (B.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (D.S.-P.); (O.I.P.)
- Clinics of Psichiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Almada L, Santos L, Freitas K, Rodrigues J, Diniz E, Mazini-Filho M, Leitão L, Pereira E, Oliveira C, Moreira O. Effect of Detraining on Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, Mental Health, and Body Composition in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:900. [PMID: 39063477 PMCID: PMC11277164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition that significantly affects the quality of life (QoL) of individuals, causing motor, physiological, social, and psychological impairments. Physical exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and functional capacity of these individuals, helping to minimize the negative impacts of SCI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of detraining (DT) (reduction or cessation of physical exercise) during the pandemic on five individuals with thoracic SCI. We assessed muscle strength using strength tests, functional capacity using a functional agility test, mental health using anxiety and depression inventories, and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The results after 33 months of DT showed significant losses in functional agility and MS, as well as a worsening in symptoms of anxiety and depression. It was observed that total body mass and fat mass (FM) exhibited varied behaviors among the individuals. Similarly, the results for lean body mass were heterogeneous, with one participant showing significant deterioration. It is concluded that DT caused by the pandemic worsened the physical and mental condition of individuals with SCI, highlighting the importance of continuous exercise for this population and underscoring the need for individual assessments to fully understand the impacts of DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Almada
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Lucas Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Karla Freitas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Joel Rodrigues
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Elizângela Diniz
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Mauro Mazini-Filho
- Southeast Federal Institute of Minas Gerais, Cataguases Campus, Cataguases 36773-563, MG, Brazil;
| | - Luís Leitão
- Superior School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2914-504 Setubal, Portugal;
| | - Eveline Pereira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Cláudia Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Osvaldo Moreira
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Florestal Campus, Florestal 35690-000, MG, Brazil
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