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Ametaj AA, Denckla CA, Stevenson A, Stroud RE, Hall J, Ongeri L, Milkias B, Hoffman J, Naisanga M, Akena D, Kyebuzibwa J, Kwobah EK, Atwoli L, Gichuru S, Teferra S, Alemayehu M, Zingela Z, Stein DJ, Pretorius A, Newton CR, Mwema RM, Kariuki SM, Koenen KC, Gelaye B. Cross-cultural equivalence of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) across four African countries in a multi-national study of adults. SSM Ment Health 2024; 5:100300. [PMID: 38706931 PMCID: PMC11064105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) has been widely used to screen psychological distress across many countries. However, its performance has not been extensively studied in Africa. The present study sought to evaluate and compare measurement properties of the K10 across four African countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa. Our hypothesis is that the measure will show equivalence across all. Data are drawn from a neuropsychiatric genetic study among adult participants (N = 9179) from general medical settings in Ethiopia (n = 1928), Kenya (n = 2556), Uganda (n = 2104), and South Africa (n = 2591). A unidimensional model with correlated errors was tested for equivalence across study countries using confirmatory factor analyses and the alignment optimization method. Results displayed 30 % noninvariance (i.e., variation) for both intercepts and factor loadings across all countries. Monte Carlo simulations showed a correlation of 0.998, a good replication of population values, indicating minimal noninvariance, or variation. Items "so nervous," "lack of energy/effortful tasks," and "tired" were consistently equivalent for intercepts and factor loadings, respectively. However, items "depressed" and "so depressed" consistently differed across study countries (R2 = 0) for intercepts and factor loadings for both items. The K10 scale likely functions equivalently across the four countries for most items, except "depressed" and "so depressed." Differences in K10 items were more common in Kenya and Ethiopia, suggesting cultural context may influence the interpretation of some items and the potential need for cultural adaptations in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amantia A. Ametaj
- Institute of Health Equity and Social Justice, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christy A. Denckla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne Stevenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rocky E. Stroud
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jasmine Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Linnet Ongeri
- Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Barkot Milkias
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jacob Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Molly Naisanga
- Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickens Akena
- Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Edith K. Kwobah
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Mental Health, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College East Africa, Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stella Gichuru
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College East Africa, Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Teferra
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melkam Alemayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zukiswa Zingela
- Executive Dean’s Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adele Pretorius
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles R.J.C. Newton
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute - Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rehema M. Mwema
- Neuroscience Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute - Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Symon M. Kariuki
- Neuroscience Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute - Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Korte KJ, Jaguga F, Kim HH, Stroud RE, Stevenson A, Akena D, Atwoli L, Gichuru S, James R, Kwobah E, Kariuki SM, Kyebuzibwa J, Mwema RM, Newton CRJC, Zingela Z, Stein DJ, Alemayehu M, Teferra S, Koenen KC, Gelaye B. Psychometric Properties of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Psychosis Module: A Sub-Saharan Africa Cross Country Comparison - CORRIGENDUM. Psychol Med 2024; 54:436. [PMID: 38197159 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J Korte
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florence Jaguga
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Hannah H Kim
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rocky E Stroud
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Stevenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dickens Akena
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Stella Gichuru
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Roxanne James
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edith Kwobah
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Symon M Kariuki
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Kyebuzibwa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rehema M Mwema
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Charles R J C Newton
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Zukiswa Zingela
- Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University and Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melkam Alemayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Teferra
- Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Korte KJ, Jaguga F, Kim HH, Stroud RE, Stevenson A, Akena D, Atwoli L, Gichuru S, James R, Kwobah E, Kariuki SM, Kyebuzibwa J, Mwema RM, Newton CRJC, Zingela Z, Stein DJ, Alemayehu M, Teferra S, Koenen KC, Gelaye B. Psychometric properties of the mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) psychosis module: a Sub-Saharan Africa cross country comparison. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7042-7052. [PMID: 36896802 PMCID: PMC10492890 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory 7.0.2 (MINI-7) is a widely used tool and known to have sound psychometric properties; but very little is known about its use in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the MINI-7 psychosis items in a sample of 8609 participants across four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS We examined the latent factor structure and the item difficulty of the MINI-7 psychosis items in the full sample and across four countries. RESULTS Multiple group confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) revealed an adequate fitting unidimensional model for the full sample; however, single group CFAs at the country level revealed that the underlying latent structure of psychosis was not invariant. Specifically, although the unidimensional structure was an adequate model fit for Ethiopia, Kenya, and South Africa, it was a poor fit for Uganda. Instead, a 2-factor latent structure of the MINI-7 psychosis items provided the optimal fit for Uganda. Examination of item difficulties revealed that MINI-7 item K7, measuring visual hallucinations, had the lowest difficulty across the four countries. In contrast, the items with the highest difficulty were different across the four countries, suggesting that MINI-7 items that are the most predictive of being high on the latent factor of psychosis are different for each country. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to provide evidence that the factor structure and item functioning of the MINI-7 psychosis vary across different settings and populations in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J Korte
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florence Jaguga
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Hannah H Kim
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rocky E Stroud
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Stevenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dickens Akena
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Stella Gichuru
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Roxanne James
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edith Kwobah
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Symon M Kariuki
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Kyebuzibwa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rehema M Mwema
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Charles R J C Newton
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Zukiswa Zingela
- Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University and Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melkam Alemayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Teferra
- Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Girma E, Ametaj A, Alemayehu M, Milkias B, Yared M, Misra S, Stevenson A, Koenen KC, Gelaye B, Teferra S. Measuring traumatic experiences in a sample of Ethiopian adults: Psychometric properties of the life events checklist-5. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 2022; 6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2022.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hailu Tesfaye A, Alemayehu M, Abere G, Kabito GG. Risk factors for the prevalence of poor sleep quality in lecturers during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066024. [PMID: 36198464 PMCID: PMC9534775 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and risk factors of poor sleep quality (SQ) among the academic staff at the University of Gondar, Northwestern Ethiopia. DESIGN An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2021. A validated, self-administered, standardised Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to quantify the amount of self-reported poor SQ. The collected data were entered into EpiData V.4.6 and analysed using Stata V.14 software. Binary logistic regressions were computed to determine the association between variables. The association was determined using an adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI at a p value of <0.05. SETTING The study was conducted at the University of Gondar, Northwestern Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 607 lecturers participated in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome is the prevalence of poor SQ, which was measured using the PSQI. RESULTS Overall response rate was 95.60% (N=607). The age of the participants ranges from 21 to 70 with a mean of 32.39 (SD±6.80) years. The magnitude of poor SQ during the COVID-19 pandemic in the last month was 60.30% (95% CI (56.28% to 64.21%)). Working greater than 10 hours per day (AOR=2.19, 95% CI (1.16 to 4.27)), electronic device use before bedtime (AOR=1.53, 95% CI (1.04 to 2.27)), high-risk perception of COVID-19 infections (AOR=1.60, 95% CI (1.04 to 2.46)) and perceived job stress (AOR=2.15 (95% CI (1.50 to 3.08)) were risk factors for poor SQ. CONCLUSION The study revealed that the prevalence of poor SQ was high during the COVID-19 pandemic. The finding highlights the importance of optimising the working hours per day, minimising electronic device use before bedtime, promoting risk perception toward COVID-19 infection and developing workplace coping strategies for stress, which play a substantial role in minimising poor SQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - M Alemayehu
- Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Giziew Abere
- Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebisa Guyasa Kabito
- Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Atkinson EG, Dalvie S, Pichkar Y, Kalungi A, Majara L, Stevenson A, Abebe T, Akena D, Alemayehu M, Ashaba FK, Atwoli L, Baker M, Chibnik LB, Creanza N, Daly MJ, Fekadu A, Gelaye B, Gichuru S, Injera WE, James R, Kariuki SM, Kigen G, Koen N, Koenen KC, Koenig Z, Kwobah E, Kyebuzibwa J, Musinguzi H, Mwema RM, Neale BM, Newman CP, Newton CRJC, Ongeri L, Ramachandran S, Ramesar R, Shiferaw W, Stein DJ, Stroud RE, Teferra S, Yohannes MT, Zingela Z, Martin AR. Genetic structure correlates with ethnolinguistic diversity in eastern and southern Africa. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1667-1679. [PMID: 36055213 PMCID: PMC9502052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
African populations are the most diverse in the world yet are sorely underrepresented in medical genetics research. Here, we examine the structure of African populations using genetic and comprehensive multi-generational ethnolinguistic data from the Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Populations-Psychosis study (NeuroGAP-Psychosis) consisting of 900 individuals from Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda. We find that self-reported language classifications meaningfully tag underlying genetic variation that would be missed with consideration of geography alone, highlighting the importance of culture in shaping genetic diversity. Leveraging our uniquely rich multi-generational ethnolinguistic metadata, we track language transmission through the pedigree, observing the disappearance of several languages in our cohort as well as notable shifts in frequency over three generations. We find suggestive evidence for the rate of language transmission in matrilineal groups having been higher than that for patrilineal ones. We highlight both the diversity of variation within Africa as well as how within-Africa variation can be informative for broader variant interpretation; many variants that are rare elsewhere are common in parts of Africa. The work presented here improves the understanding of the spectrum of genetic variation in African populations and highlights the enormous and complex genetic and ethnolinguistic diversity across Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Atkinson
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yakov Pichkar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allan Kalungi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mental Health Section of MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Lerato Majara
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anne Stevenson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dickens Akena
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Melkam Alemayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fred K Ashaba
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya; Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College East Africa, the Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark Baker
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Creanza
- Department of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Centre for Innovative Drug Development & Therapeutic Trials for Africa, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Gichuru
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Wilfred E Injera
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Roxanne James
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Symon M Kariuki
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Nastassja Koen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zan Koenig
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edith Kwobah
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Joseph Kyebuzibwa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henry Musinguzi
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rehema M Mwema
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carter P Newman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles R J C Newton
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linnet Ongeri
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Sohini Ramachandran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Raj Ramesar
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Welelta Shiferaw
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rocky E Stroud
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Solomon Teferra
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mary T Yohannes
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zukiswa Zingela
- Executive Dean's Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Alicia R Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Ademe M, Kebede T, Teferra S, Alemayehu M, Girma F, Abebe T. Is latent Toxoplasma gondii infection associated with the occurrence of schizophrenia? A case-control study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270377. [PMID: 35737701 PMCID: PMC9223392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Neurotropic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) which result in chronic infections in the brain are associated with mental illnesses. In view of this, a growing body of literature has revealed the possible interaction of schizophrenia and T. gondii infection.
Method
A case-control study was conducted from February 2018 to January 2019 among 47 Schizophrenia patients and 47 age and sex-matched controls. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum was used for serological analysis of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies through chemiluminescent immunoassay. Proportions and mean with standard deviations (SD) were used as descriptive measures and variables with p-values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant and independently associated with schizophrenia.
Result
The mean ages of schizophrenia patients and controls were 29.64 ± 5.8 yrs and 30.98 ± 7.3 yrs, respectively. We found that 81.9% (77/94) of the study subjects had a positive anti-T. gondii IgG antibody. While the difference is statistically insignificant, schizophrenic patients have a marginally higher seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis than controls (87.2% vs 80.9%; p = 0.398). Schizophrenia cases who live in homes with soil floors have a significantly higher T. gondii infection as compared to those who live in homes with cement/ceramic floors (90.9% vs 33.3%; p = 0.004). Furthermore, there was a significantly lower T. gondii infection among schizophrenic cases who were taking antipsychotic medication for more than three yrs (79.3% vs 100.0%, p = 0.039). On the other hand, among all study subjects who have T. gondii infection, subjects who are addicted to khat and alcohol were about seven times more likely to develop schizophrenia (71.4% vs 47.7%, OR = 7.13, p = 0.024).
Conclusion
Our data is not sufficient to show a significant positive correlation between T. gondii infection and schizophrenia. For study subjects with T. gondii infection, addiction to khat and alcohol is one of the risk factors for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluneh Ademe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tadesse Kebede
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Teferra
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melkam Alemayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Friehiwot Girma
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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8
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Cheung W, Samimi S, Kassam S, Colwell B, Meyer P, Knight G, Ma K, Eberg M, Mancini J, Alemayehu M, Martinez D, Packalen M, Wani R, Ngan E, Du Y, Inam N. P-28 Real-world observational study of MVASI in metastatic colorectal cancer patients in Canada: Baseline patient characteristics. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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9
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Martin AR, Stroud RE, Abebe T, Akena D, Alemayehu M, Atwoli L, Chapman SB, Flowers K, Gelaye B, Gichuru S, Kariuki SM, Kinyanjui S, Korte KJ, Koen N, Koenen KC, Newton CRJC, Olivares AM, Pollock S, Post K, Singh I, Stein DJ, Teferra S, Zingela Z, Chibnik LB. Increasing diversity in genomics requires investment in equitable partnerships and capacity building. Nat Genet 2022; 54:740-745. [PMID: 35668301 PMCID: PMC7613571 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calls for diversity in genomics have motivated new global research collaborations across institutions with highly imbalanced resources. We describe practical lessons we have learned so far from designing multidisciplinary international research and capacity-building programs that prioritize equity in two intertwined programs — the NeuroGAP-Psychosis research study and GINGER training program — spanning institutions in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda and the united States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Martin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Rocky E Stroud
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dickens Akena
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Melkam Alemayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
- Brain and Mind Institute, Medical College East Africa, The Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College East Africa, The Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sinéad B Chapman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katelyn Flowers
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Gichuru
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Symon M Kariuki
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sam Kinyanjui
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristina J Korte
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nastassja Koen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles R J C Newton
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana Maria Olivares
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sam Pollock
- Broad Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristianna Post
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilina Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Solomon Teferra
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zukiswa Zingela
- Executive Dean's Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqebera, South Africa
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Challa F, Getahun T, Sileshi M, Geto Z, Kelkile TS, Gurmessa S, Medhin G, Mesfin M, Alemayehu M, Shumet T, Mulugeta A, Bekele D, Borba CPC, Oppenheim CE, Henderson DC, Fekadu A, Carobene A, Teferra S. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:620. [PMID: 34895175 PMCID: PMC8665491 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is higher among patients with schizophrenia than the general population, and this leads to higher morbidity and mortality in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate the MetS prevalence among patients with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of 200 patients with schizophrenia recruited from Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Lipid profile and blood glucose levels were measured using Roche Cobas 6000 clinical chemistry analyzer. The prevalence of MetS was assessed based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Patients' demographic information, clinical and laboratory data, lifestyle habits, particularly smoking and Khat chewing, were evaluated vis-à-vis MetS. RESULTS The overall prevalence of MetS in patients with schizophrenia was 21.5% (17.1% male, 29.6% female) where Low HDL-cholesterol value was the most common metabolic disorders components in both males and females subgroups. In the multivariate analysis, the positive and negative symptoms score (PANSS, AOR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.001-1.054) was associated factors with MetS. CONCLUSION In Ethiopia, patients with schizophrenia were found to have higher prevalence of MetS than the general population. Physicians/health care providers should routinely screen patients with schizophrenia for MetS and initiate timely management of those who develop the syndrome to reduce the health cost from caring for NCDs, improve the patients' quality of life, and prevent premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyissa Challa
- National References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Gulelle Arbegnoch Street (the former Pasteur Institute): Gulele Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Tigist Getahun
- grid.452387.f0000 0001 0508 7211National References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Gulelle Arbegnoch Street (the former Pasteur Institute): Gulele Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Sileshi
- grid.452387.f0000 0001 0508 7211National References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Gulelle Arbegnoch Street (the former Pasteur Institute): Gulele Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Geto
- grid.467130.70000 0004 0515 5212Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Wollo Ethiopia
| | - Teshome S. Kelkile
- grid.428748.50000 0000 8052 6109Horizon Health Network, Fredericton, NB Canada
| | - Sintayehu Gurmessa
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Medhin
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Miraf Mesfin
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melkam Alemayehu
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Shumet
- grid.452387.f0000 0001 0508 7211National References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Gulelle Arbegnoch Street (the former Pasteur Institute): Gulele Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anwar Mulugeta
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Desalegn Bekele
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Christina P. C. Borba
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.239424.a0000 0001 2183 6745Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Claire E. Oppenheim
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - David C. Henderson
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.239424.a0000 0001 2183 6745Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ,grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ,grid.414601.60000 0000 8853 076XGlobal Health & Infection Department, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London, Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Anna Carobene
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Solomon Teferra
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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11
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Challa F, Seifu D, Sileshi M, Getahun T, Geto Z, Kassa D, Alemayehu M, Mesfin M, Fekadu A, Woldeamanuel Y. Serum level of high sensitive C-reactive protein and IL - 6 markers in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in Ethiopia: a comparative study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:428. [PMID: 34465310 PMCID: PMC8406754 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that schizophrenia is accompanied by significant activation of the immune system; however, there is limited data from low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Inflammatory markers may be more relevant in LMIC settings where infectious conditions are more prevalent and may thus play some role in the causation and maintenance of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to assess the level of inflammatory markers high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of a total of 132 study participants; 82 participants with schizophrenia and 50 controls. hsCRP and IL-6 were measured using Cobas Integra 400 Plus and Cobas e 411 analysers respectively. RESULTS The levels of hsCRP and IL-6 were significantly increased among participants with schizophrenia compared to controls: hsCRP mean value 2.87 ± 5.6 vs 0.67 ± 0.6 mg/L; IL-6 mean value 6.63 ± 5.6 vs 3.37 ± 4.0 pg/ml. Controlling for potential confounders (age, sex and body mass index), having a diagnosis of schizophrenia remained significantly associated with increased hsCRP and IL-6. CONCLUSION The results confirm that inflammatory processes may have a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia regardless of setting. Despite failure of some interventions with anti-inflammatory properties, interventions to reduce inflammation are still worth pursuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyissa Challa
- National References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Seifu
- Division of Basic Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Meron Sileshi
- National References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Getahun
- National References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Geto
- National References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Desta Kassa
- HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melkam Alemayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Miraf Mesfin
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Global Health & Infection Department, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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12
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Martin AR, Atkinson EG, Chapman SB, Stevenson A, Stroud RE, Abebe T, Akena D, Alemayehu M, Ashaba FK, Atwoli L, Bowers T, Chibnik LB, Daly MJ, DeSmet T, Dodge S, Fekadu A, Ferriera S, Gelaye B, Gichuru S, Injera WE, James R, Kariuki SM, Kigen G, Koenen KC, Kwobah E, Kyebuzibwa J, Majara L, Musinguzi H, Mwema RM, Neale BM, Newman CP, Newton CRJC, Pickrell JK, Ramesar R, Shiferaw W, Stein DJ, Teferra S, van der Merwe C, Zingela Z. Low-coverage sequencing cost-effectively detects known and novel variation in underrepresented populations. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:656-668. [PMID: 33770507 PMCID: PMC8059370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies in underrepresented populations identify disproportionate numbers of novel associations. However, most genetic studies use genotyping arrays and sequenced reference panels that best capture variation most common in European ancestry populations. To compare data generation strategies best suited for underrepresented populations, we sequenced the whole genomes of 91 individuals to high coverage as part of the Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Population-Psychosis (NeuroGAP-Psychosis) study with participants from Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda. We used a downsampling approach to evaluate the quality of two cost-effective data generation strategies, GWAS arrays versus low-coverage sequencing, by calculating the concordance of imputed variants from these technologies with those from deep whole-genome sequencing data. We show that low-coverage sequencing at a depth of ≥4× captures variants of all frequencies more accurately than all commonly used GWAS arrays investigated and at a comparable cost. Lower depths of sequencing (0.5-1×) performed comparably to commonly used low-density GWAS arrays. Low-coverage sequencing is also sensitive to novel variation; 4× sequencing detects 45% of singletons and 95% of common variants identified in high-coverage African whole genomes. Low-coverage sequencing approaches surmount the problems induced by the ascertainment of common genotyping arrays, effectively identify novel variation particularly in underrepresented populations, and present opportunities to enhance variant discovery at a cost similar to traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Elizabeth G Atkinson
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sinéad B Chapman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anne Stevenson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rocky E Stroud
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dickens Akena
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Melkam Alemayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fred K Ashaba
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Tera Bowers
- Broad Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Timothy DeSmet
- Broad Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Sheila Dodge
- Broad Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Centre for Innovative Drug Development & Therapeutic Trials for Africa, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Steven Ferriera
- Broad Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stella Gichuru
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Wilfred E Injera
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Roxanne James
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Symon M Kariuki
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edith Kwobah
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Joseph Kyebuzibwa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lerato Majara
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; SA MRC Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Henry Musinguzi
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rehema M Mwema
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carter P Newman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles R J C Newton
- Neurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | | | - Raj Ramesar
- SA MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Welelta Shiferaw
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Solomon Teferra
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Celia van der Merwe
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zukiswa Zingela
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavioral Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
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Alemayehu M, Deyessa N, Medihin G, Fekadu A. A descriptive analysis of depression and pain complaints among patients with cancer in a low income country. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193713. [PMID: 29513716 PMCID: PMC5841758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high income countries, cancer is one of the leading causes of death, with co-morbid depression contributing to the risk of increased mortality. However, both cancer and depression are neglected conditions in low income countries. The current study assessed the magnitude of depression and the association of pain complaints with depression among patients with cancer in a low income country. METHOD In this cross-sectional study participants were 390 patients with established diagnosis of cancer, who were recruited consecutively when visiting a tertiary treatment centre in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The occurrence of depression was determined using the nine items Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Major depressive disorder was confirmed: (1) when five or more of the PHQ-9 symptoms were endorsed as occurring for at least 'more than seven days', with the exception of suicidal ideation item which counted as a positive rating if it had occurred even once in the previous fifteen days. (2) one of the symptoms has to be either depressed mood or loss of interest. Pain complaint was measured by Numeral Rating Scale (NRS) and severity of pain was assessed using Verbal Rating Scale (VRS). RESULTS The prevalence of major depressive disorder was 16.4% (95%CI: 13.1%, 20.4%), and subthreshold depression was 17.4% (95%CI: 14.0%, 21.5%). Pain complaints occurred in 69.0% (95%CI: 64.3%, 73.4%) of the participants. The odds of having a major depressive symptom was over four times higher among participants who had pain. LIMITATIONS The study was cross sectional and liable to recall bias. Recruitment was carried out in a tertiary referral hospital, which might lead to the selection of more economically well-off and educated participants limiting generalizability of the study. Moreover, we did not control for cancer types, which may be related to pain and the experience of depression. Some of the somatic symptoms in PHQ9 may also be related to the cancer itself. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the clinical significance of both depression and pain complaints in patients with cancer in a low income country. Exploration of the impact of depressive disorders on quality of life and outcome of cancer is an important area for further research in low income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melkam Alemayehu
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Deyessa
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Medihin
- Addis Ababa University, Aklilu Lemma Institute of pathobiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, London, United Kingdom
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Parviz Y, Hsia C, AbuRomeh N, Alemayehu M, Wall S, Yee IC, Lavi S. TRANSFUSION OF STORED RBCS HAVE ADVERSE IMPACT ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Huitema A, Zhu T, Alemayehu M, Chomicki C, Lavi S. DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION BY VARIOUS HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Lavi S, Alemayehu M, McCarty D, Romsa J, Lavi R. ONE YEAR Results OF THE SEVOFLURANE IN ACUTE MI (SIAMI) TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Zhu T, Huitema A, Alemayehu M, Allegretti M, Chomicki C, Yadegari A, Lavi S. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH FALSE-POSITIVE ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Mulu A, Diro E, Tekleselassie H, Belyhun Y, Anagaw B, Alemayehu M, Gelaw A, Biadglegne F, Desalegn K, Yifiru S, Tiruneh M, Kassu A, Nishikawa T, Isogai E. Effect of Ethiopian multiflora honey on fluconazole-resistant Candida species isolated from the oral cavity of AIDS patients. Int J STD AIDS 2010; 21:741-5. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the antifungal effect of Ethiopian multiflora honey against Candida species isolated from the oral cavity of AIDS patients. Oral rinses were obtained from 13 AIDS patients and cultured on CHROMagar plates at 37°C for 48 hours. Candida species were identified by microbiological and molecular techniques. The antifungal effect of the honey sample on Candida was investigated by an agar dilution technique. Susceptibility of the Candida species to fluconazole was tested following a semi-modified microdilution method. Growth of both fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida species was inhibited with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 35–40% (v/v) honey. The MFC of different Candida species was not significantly different ( P > 0.05). From the total of 25 Candida isolates tested for susceptibility, 11 (44%), eight (32%) and six (24%) of the isolates were sensitive (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] < 8 µg/mL), susceptible (dose-dependent: MICs 16–32 µg/mL) and resistant (MICs > 64 µg/mL) to fluconazole, respectively. Ethiopian multiflora honey has antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant Candida species isolated from the oral cavity of AIDS patients. This supports the existing folkloric practice of using honey to treat oral lesions. Nevertheless, identification of the bioactive agents in honey, their clinical evaluation and pharmacological standardization are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mulu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology
| | - E Diro
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar
| | - H Tekleselassie
- Department of Surgery, Facility of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa
| | - Y Belyhun
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology
| | - B Anagaw
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology
| | | | - A Gelaw
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology
| | | | | | - S Yifiru
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - M Tiruneh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology
| | - A Kassu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology
| | - T Nishikawa
- Hokkaido University of Education, Division of Medicine and Nursing, Sapporo
| | - E Isogai
- Department of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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