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Silverman ME, Nag S, Kalishman A, Cox PH, Mitroff SR. Increases in symptoms associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1466-1472. [PMID: 35658099 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2080507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students' mental health remains unknown. The current study explored self-reported Obsessive-Compulsive symptomatology among college student cohorts from pre-, peak-, and later-pandemic time points. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate college students (N = 524) who volunteered for course credit. METHODS Self-report responses on the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS), which includes subscales for contamination, unacceptable thoughts, harm responsibility, and symmetry, were collected from November 29, 2016 through April 27, 2021 and assessed for differences between the pre-, peak-, and later-pandemic cohorts. RESULTS Peak-pandemic responders reported higher symptomatology for contamination and unacceptable thoughts compared to pre-pandemic responders (and for pre- vs. later-pandemic for contamination), with no significant effects for symmetry or harm responsibility. CONCLUSIONS Although the longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on students remains unknown, a greater shift in college mental health services from prevention to assessing and addressing more immediate challenges may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samoni Nag
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Patrick H Cox
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Sun D, Zhu X, Bao Z. The relationship between physical activity and anxiety in college students: exploring the mediating role of lifestyle habits and dietary nutrition. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1296154. [PMID: 38974098 PMCID: PMC11224536 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1296154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity has been shown to be effective in treating and improving anxiety in college students. However, no studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between physical activity and anxiety in college students through mediating factors such as dietary nutrition and lifestyle habits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of lifestyle and dietary nutrition in the relationship between physical activity and anxiety. Methods This study used a stratified random sampling method to survey 498 college students from three universities in Fujian, China. Data on participants' demographic characteristics, physical activity, lifestyle habits, and dietary nutrition were collected and analyzed using SPSS software. The proposed structural equation model was analyzed using Amos software. Results The results of the study showed that dietary nutrition and lifestyle habits had significant independent mediating effects and continuous multiple mediating effects (p < 0.01) in the effects of physical activity on college students' anxiety. Dietary nutrition and lifestyle habits played an independent mediating role, accounting for 24.9% of the total effect; there was also a continuous multiple mediating effect between dietary nutrition and lifestyle habits, accounting for 13.27% of the total effect value. In addition, physical activity had a direct effect value on anxiety in college students, accounting for 36.93% of the total effect value. Conclusion By increasing the behavior and awareness of college students to participate in physical activity, supplemented by guiding them to develop regular lifestyle habits and correct dietary nutritional patterns, the anxiety level of college students can be effectively improved and reduced. This type of regulation is an important reference for the self-management and rehabilitation of college students with anxiety disorders. Future studies can experimentally develop a combined intervention of physical activity, lifestyle habits, and dietary nutritional to help college students better cope with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuo Sun
- Faculty of Education, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Faculty of Physical Education, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Xiangfei Zhu
- Faculty of Education, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Zhonghan Bao
- Faculty of Education, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Wang N, Dove MS, Tong EK. Serious psychological distress and higher associations with tobacco and cannabis use among college students in the United States. Prev Med 2024; 185:108041. [PMID: 38866211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between serious psychological distress (SPD) and tobacco and cannabis use among college students in the United States. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 257,626 college students from the 2019-2022 National College Health Assessment survey. SPD was defined as having symptoms in the past month. Current tobacco (i.e., cigarettes, e-cigarettes) and cannabis use was defined as past month use. Multiple product use was categorized for single, dual, or triple products. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine associations between SPD, tobacco, cannabis, and multiple product use. RESULTS SPD increased over time (18.4% to 23.8%) among students and nearly 30% of tobacco or cannabis users reported SPD. Cigarette, e-cigarette, or cannabis use was associated with about a 50-60% increased likelihood of reporting SPD than non-current use of each product, with the highest associations in Fall 2020. Triple product users had double the likelihood of reporting SPD, followed by dual users at 70% and single users at 47%, relative to non-current users. Daily users also had nearly twice the likelihood of reporting SPD, followed by non-daily users at 13-35%, relative to non-current users. CONCLUSIONS College students have an increasing burden of SPD which is significantly associated with tobacco and cannabis use. There is a dose-response relationship between the number of tobacco and cannabis products used, as well as the frequency of use, and SPD among U.S. college students. Colleges addressing student mental health should prioritize the implementation of screening and treatment support for tobacco, cannabis, and multiple product use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Melanie S Dove
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, USA; Tobacco Cessation Policy Research Center, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, USA
| | - Elisa K Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Tobacco Cessation Policy Research Center, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, USA.
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Heumann E, Palacio Siebe AV, Stock C, Heinrichs K. Depressive Symptoms Among Higher Education Students in Germany-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Public Health Rev 2024; 45:1606983. [PMID: 38978768 PMCID: PMC11228579 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2024.1606983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Higher education students in Germany are vulnerable to depressive symptoms. Despite ample evidence, no comprehensive review has recently been conducted. Thus, our systematic review and meta-analysis aims at describing the extent to which students are affected by depressive symptoms. Methods We searched three databases for articles reporting the prevalence rates of depressiveness among students in Germany published between 2002 and 2023. Pooled prevalence rates were calculated using random effects models, both for the overall sample and for subgroups categorized by gender, study setting, assessment instrument, and whether the study was conducted before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The search yielded 992 records. After screening, 60 articles remained for data extraction. About one out of five students (21.1%) exhibits depressive symptoms. Pooled prevalence rates differ between subgroups, with higher rates during the COVID-19 pandemic than before (30.6% versus 18.0%) and with females being more affected than their male counterparts (29.0% versus 23.1%). Conclusion This review underlines the urgency with which the mental health of students should be addressed at the (higher educational) policy level. Clinical Trial Registration: PROPSPERO, Identifier CRD42022384066.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Heumann
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Valentina Palacio Siebe
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Stock
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Katherina Heinrichs
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kumar D, Corner S, Kim R, Meuret A. A randomized controlled trial of brief behavioral activation plus savoring for positive affect dysregulation in university students. Behav Res Ther 2024; 177:104525. [PMID: 38653177 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Rising rates of depression on university campuses accentuate the need for specific intervention. Interventions targeting disturbances in positive affect, in particular, remain sparse, yet such deficits interfere substantially with functioning and further exacerbate or maintain negative symptoms. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of a virtual, two-session Behavioral Activation augmented with Savoring (BA + S) intervention compared to an Emotional Awareness (EA) control group in increasing positive affect. Sixty university students with low positive affect were randomized to BA + S or EA and completed 21 days of experience-sampling of positive affect. Weekly measures of positive and negative valence symptoms were assessed at baseline, sessions one and two, and at one-week follow-up. Through a prori analyses utilizing multilevel and multivariate multilevel models, our results demonstrate that daily positive affect measured via experience-sampling significantly improved in BA + S, whereas positive affect did not change for those receiving EA, though the interaction of condition and time was not significant. Furthermore, interactions in weekly variables were significant. Increases in positive valence symptoms (affect, anhedonia, etc.) were only reported for students receiving BA + S but not EA. Negative valence symptoms (affect, depression, general distress) improved in both conditions but with superior improvements in BA + S compared to EA. BA + S shows promise for a scalable and accessible intervention to university students with clinical levels of positive and negative affect. ClinicalTrials ID: NCT05234476.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kumar
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750442, Dallas, TX, USA; McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Sarah Corner
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750442, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard Kim
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750442, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alicia Meuret
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750442, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Lahoud C, Merhi G, Kahwaji GJ, Lahoud R, Hallit S, Fekih-Romdhane F, Mattar H. Depression, Anxiety and Poor Sleep Quality are Associated with Chronotype and Financial Wellness in University Students. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241251457. [PMID: 38755110 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241251457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests the importance of a person's chronotype in predicting various aspects of an individual's physical and mental health. While the effect of depression on sleep is well established, the impact of a person's specific sleep timing and chronotype on the prevalence of both depression and anxiety has yet to be fully understood, especially among university students, vulnerable to mental health problems. In addition, other factors also seem to influence the occurrence of depression and anxiety among students as well as their quality of sleep, one of which being the students' financial wellness. The objective was to evaluate the association between chronotype and the severity and prevalence of depression among Lebanese university students, while also taking into account the possible connection between chronotype and financial wellness and both anxiety and sleep quality. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 and February 2022; 330 Lebanese university students was included (mean age 21.75 ± 2.43; 67.3% females). Results: The majority of the Lebanese university students in our sample were found to have an intermediate typology (63.0%), followed by the evening typology, which appeared to constitute 28.2% of the sample, while only 8.8% possessed a morning typology. In this study, having an intermediate or evening typology compared to a morning one was significantly associated with higher depression and worse sleep quality. In addition, having an evening chronotype compared to a morningness propensity was significantly associated with more anxiety. Conclusion: This study found a positive association between an evening typology (chronotype) and higher depression and anxiety and poorer quality of sleep. Although preliminary and based on cross-sectional data, this research could help provide a better understanding of the different chronotypes among university students, and of the possible increased susceptibility of some of these typologies (i.e., evening-type) to mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christele Lahoud
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Georges Merhi
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Georges-Junior Kahwaji
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rachele Lahoud
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hanna Mattar
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Neurology, Notre-Dame des Secours University Hospital, Byblos, Lebanon
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Zhang Y, Jia Y, MuLaTiHaJi M, Mi Y, Mei Y, Sun T, Shi H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zou R, Niu L, Dong S. A cross-sectional mental-health survey of Chinese postgraduate students majoring in stomatology post COVID-19 restrictions. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1376540. [PMID: 38765487 PMCID: PMC11099282 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1376540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The psychological status of Chinese postgraduate students majoring in stomatology after the COVID-19 restrictions still remains unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mental status through a cross-sectional survey and gather related theoretical evidence for psychological intervention on postgraduate students majoring in stomatology. Methods An online survey was administered, and subjective well-being, anxiety, stress and depression symptoms were assessed using the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively, wherein suicidal ideation and sleep-related problems were measured with PHQ-9 and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results A total of 208 participants who completed one questionnaire were considered as valid. It was found that female respondents generally exhibited significantly higher levels of PSS-10, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores and shorter physical activity hours than male students. Students from rural areas demonstrated significantly higher levels of PHQ-9, suicidal ideation, and less portion of good or fair family economic support. Additionally, individuals from only-child families reported increased levels of activity hours (1.78 ± 2.07, p = 0.045) and a higher portion (55.10%, p = 0.007) of having clear future plan as compared with multiple-child families. The risk factors for anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score) were higher scores of PSS-10 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09-1.22), PHQ-9 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.22-1.49), and ISI-7 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.06-1.23), while owning a clear graduation plan was the protective factor (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.31-0.98). Moreover, the risk factors for depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) included PSS-10 (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04-1.16), GAD-7 (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.25-1.52), suicidal ideation (OR = 5.66, 95% CI = 3.37-9.51), and ISI-7 (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.09-1.25). Approximately 98.08% of Chinese postgraduates studying stomatology reported experiencing at least moderate stress after the COVID-19 restrictions. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, senior students were more inclined to stress, while anxiety symptoms were related to severer levels of stress, depression, and insomnia. Depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of stress, anxiety, insomnia, suicidal ideation, and lower levels of self-reported well-being. Thus, psychological interventions for postgraduates should be timely and appropriately implemented by strengthening well-being, reasonably planning for the future, and good physique, thereby mitigating the psychological issues after COVID-19 restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - MaErWa MuLaTiHaJi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Yiying Mi
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yukun Mei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Yikun Zhang
- College of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaojie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi’an, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Dave S, Jaffe M, O'Shea D. Navigating college campuses: The impact of stress on mental health and substance use in the post COVID-19 era. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2024; 54:101585. [PMID: 38458900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2024.101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The college years are one of excitement and often thought of as a dream like setting of growth, creativity, and independence. This exciting time can be marred by the onset or exacerbation of mental health conditions, alcohol, and/or drug dependence. This writing looks to explore the world of college mental health and the changes the provisions of this type of care has undergone during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We look at the staggering rates of diagnosed mental health diagnoses and mental health related symptoms that may undermine a student's ability to meet their full growth and academic potential. We look to explore different health settings where college age students are accessing care and how that care is being delivered (e.g. community vs on-campus, telehealth vs in-person). We also aim to highlight specific mental health conditions (e.g. anxiety, depression, suicidality, PTSD) and specific student stressors (e.g. participating in athletics, socioeconomic pressures) to underscore the message that the mental health of college age students is an area that needs continued study and engagement of all parties involved in student development and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Dave
- Northwell Health, 2000 Marcus Avenue, Suite 300, New Hyde Park, NY 11042-1069, United States; Cohen Children's Medical Center, United States; Division of Adolescent Medicine, United States.
| | - Michelle Jaffe
- Northwell Health, 2000 Marcus Avenue, Suite 300, New Hyde Park, NY 11042-1069, United States; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, United States; Department of Brain Injury Rehabilitation, Park Terrace Care Center, Queens, NY, United States; Brain Matters Neuropsychological Services, PLLC Plainview, NY, United States
| | - Debra O'Shea
- Northwell Health, 2000 Marcus Avenue, Suite 300, New Hyde Park, NY 11042-1069, United States; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, United States
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López Steinmetz LC, Sison M, Zhumagambetov R, Godoy JC, Haufe S. Machine learning models predict the emergence of depression in Argentinean college students during periods of COVID-19 quarantine. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1376784. [PMID: 38690202 PMCID: PMC11059062 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1376784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health challenges, particularly depression among college students. Detecting at-risk students early is crucial but remains challenging, particularly in developing countries. Utilizing data-driven predictive models presents a viable solution to address this pressing need. Aims 1) To develop and compare machine learning (ML) models for predicting depression in Argentinean students during the pandemic. 2) To assess the performance of classification and regression models using appropriate metrics. 3) To identify key features driving depression prediction. Methods A longitudinal dataset (N = 1492 college students) captured T1 and T2 measurements during the Argentinean COVID-19 quarantine. ML models, including linear logistic regression classifiers/ridge regression (LogReg/RR), random forest classifiers/regressors, and support vector machines/regressors (SVM/SVR), are employed. Assessed features encompass depression and anxiety scores (at T1), mental disorder/suicidal behavior history, quarantine sub-period information, sex, and age. For classification, models' performance on test data is evaluated using Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC), Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, Balanced Accuracy, F1 score, and Brier loss. For regression, R-squared (R2), Mean Absolute Error, and Mean Squared Error are assessed. Univariate analyses are conducted to assess the predictive strength of each individual feature with respect to the target variable. The performance of multi- vs univariate models is compared using the mean AUPRC score for classifiers and the R2 score for regressors. Results The highest performance is achieved by SVM and LogReg (e.g., AUPRC: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.81) and SVR and RR models (e.g., R2 for SVR and RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.64 and 0.45, 0.63, respectively). Univariate models, particularly LogReg and SVM using depression (AUPRC: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.79) or anxiety scores (AUPRC: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.78) and RR using depression scores (R2: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.57) exhibit performance levels close to those of the multivariate models, which include all features. Discussion These findings highlight the relevance of pre-existing depression and anxiety conditions in predicting depression during quarantine, underscoring their comorbidity. ML models, particularly SVM/SVR and LogReg/RR, demonstrate potential in the timely detection of at-risk students. However, further studies are needed before clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cecilia López Steinmetz
- Inverse Modeling and Machine Learning, Chair of Uncertainty, Institute of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Faculty IV Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Facultad de Psicología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Margarita Sison
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (BCAN), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rustam Zhumagambetov
- Working Group 8.44 Machine Learning and Uncertainty, Mathematical Modelling and Data Analysis Department, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Godoy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Facultad de Psicología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stefan Haufe
- Inverse Modeling and Machine Learning, Chair of Uncertainty, Institute of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Faculty IV Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (BCAN), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Working Group 8.44 Machine Learning and Uncertainty, Mathematical Modelling and Data Analysis Department, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Li L, Wang P, Zhao Q, Liu Z, Li S, Wang X. Latent profile analysis of depressive symptoms in college students and its relationship with physical activity. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:364-371. [PMID: 38296059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the classification of depressive symptoms in college students and the relationship between those symptoms and physical activity. METHODS A convenience sampling method was employed to enlist college students from Songjiang University Town in Shanghai to complete in the General Information Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Physical Activity Scale-3. RESULTS A total of 3541 students were analyzed, averaging 19.34 years of age with a male composition of 53 %. The participants can be classified into four categories, namely: Group 1, which exhibits the most severe depressive symptoms, including suicidal ideation and cognitive symptoms (11.07 %); Group 2, which only manifests cognitive symptoms without suicidal ideation (14.35 %); Group 3, which presents mild depressive symptoms (23.61 %); and Group 4, consisting of normal college students (50.97 %). Students with strained family and interpersonal relationships, high levels of academic stress, and low frequency of social activities were at higher risk for detecting suicidal intention and cognitive symptoms. The level of physical activity was significantly higher in the normal group than in the other groups (all P < 0.001), and only the frequency of exercise was significantly different among the remaining three groups (χ2 = 14.716, P = 0.005). The detection rate of cognitive symptoms was significantly lower when exercising >3 times per week for 30-59 min (OR = 0.740, 95 % CI: 0.590-0.928; OR = 0.596, 95 % CI: 0.427-0.831).The detection rate of suicidal thoughts was significantly lower when exercising 2 times per month to 2 times per week or >3 times per week (OR = 0.585, 95 % CI: 0.404-0.847; OR = 0.392, 95 % CI: 0.258-0.595). CONCLUSION Suicidal ideation and cognitive symptoms can differentiate between various categories of depressive symptoms among college students. Engaging in physical activity serves as a protective factor against depressive symptoms among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Shanghai University Of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zuhong Liu
- Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai 314199, China
| | - Shufan Li
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Silva-Valencia J, Lapadula C, Westfall JM, Gaona G, de Lusignan S, Kristiansson RS, Ling ZJ, Goh LH, Soto-Becerra P, Cuba-Fuentes MS, Wensaas KA, Flottorp S, Baste V, Chi-Wai Wong W, Pui Ng AP, Ortigoza A, Manski-Nankervis JA, Hallinan CM, Zingoni P, Scattini L, Heald A, Tu K. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health visits in primary care: an interrupted time series analysis from nine INTRePID countries. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 70:102533. [PMID: 38495523 PMCID: PMC10940140 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic impacted mental health disorders, affecting both individuals with pre-existing conditions and those with no prior history. However, there is limited evidence regarding the pandemic's impact on mental health visits to primary care physicians. The International Consortium of Primary Care Big Data Researchers (INTRePID) explored primary care visit trends related to mental health conditions in Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Norway, Peru, Singapore, Sweden, and the USA. Methods We conducted an interrupted time series analysis in nine countries to examine changes in rates of monthly mental health visits to primary care settings from January 1st, 2018, to December 31st, 2021. Sub-group analysis considered service type (in-person/virtual) and six categories of mental health conditions (anxiety/depression, bipolar/schizophrenia/other psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, dementia, ADHD/eating disorders, and substance use disorder). Findings Mental health visit rates increased after the onset of the pandemic in most countries. In Argentina, Canada, China, Norway, Peru, and Singapore, this increase was immediate ranged from an incidence rate ratio of 1·118 [95% CI 1.053-1.187] to 2.240 [95% CI 2.057-2.439] when comparing the first month of pandemic with the pre-pandemic trend. Increases in the following months varied across countries. Anxiety/depression was the leading reason for mental health visits in most countries. Virtual visits were reported in Australia, Canada, Norway, Peru, Sweden, and the USA, accounting for up to 40% of the total mental health visits. Interpretation Findings suggest an overall increase in mental health visits, driven largely by anxiety/depression. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the studied countries adopted virtual care in particular for mental health visits. Primary care plays a crucial role in addressing mental ill-health in times of crisis. Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant #173094 and the Rathlyn Foundation Primary Care EMR Research and Discovery Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Silva-Valencia
- Center for Research in Primary Health Care (CINAPS), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru
| | - Carla Lapadula
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Zheng Jye Ling
- Division of Family Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lay Hoon Goh
- Division of Family Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Knut-Arne Wensaas
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Signe Flottorp
- Centre for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valborg Baste
- National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - William Chi-Wai Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy Pui Pui Ng
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angela Ortigoza
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne Manski-Nankervis
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Mary Hallinan
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paula Zingoni
- Ministry of Health of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano Scattini
- Ministry of Health of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrian Heald
- School of Medical Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Tu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Research and Innovation and Family Medicine-North York General Hospital, Toronto Western Family Health Team-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Chen J, Shi L, Xiao S, Zheng X, Xue Y, Xue B, Zhang J, Li X, Chen Y, Wu Y, Zhang C. The impact of intimate partner violence on depressive symptoms among college students: A moderated mediation model of the big five personality traits and perceived social support. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:203-213. [PMID: 38218253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous study has identified a connection between intimate partner violence (IPV) and depressive symptoms. However, the underlying mechanisms of this connection have not yet been well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of big five personality traits and perceived social support on the association between IPV and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, and 4 municipalities in China from June to August 2022. Intimate Partner Violence Questionnaire was used to measure the frequency of exposure to IPV. The big five personality traits were measured by 10-item Big Five Inventory, Perceptive Social Support Scale-3 items was used to estimate the degree of perceived social support and the data on depressive symptoms were collected by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items. We used data from the "Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents in 2022", which includes 6686 valid questionnaires of college students. The PROCESS macro developed by Hayes was utilized to perform moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS Among college students, IPV had a significant direct impact on depressive symptoms. Extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism mediated the association between IPV and depressive symptoms (β = -0.08, P < 0.001; β = -0.08, P < 0.001; β = -0.14, P < 0.001; β = 0.20, P < 0.001). Perceived social support significantly moderated the mediating role of the big five personality traits between IPV and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, perceived social support moderated the direct relationship between IPV and depressive symptoms (β = 0.34, P < 0.001), as well as the indirect path of extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism and the first half of the mediating role of conscientiousness. Moreover, perceived social support was one of the preventive factors that could effectively mitigate the harmful effects of IPV, neuroticism and depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS As this was a cross-sectional study, we were unable to investigate causal relationships between variables. The prevalence of IPV and depressive symptoms were self-reported by the college students, and there may be reporting bias. Additionally, this study only explored the influence and mechanism from the integrated dimension of IPV and PSSS, due to spatial constraints. CONCLUSIONS The findings contribute to the existing understanding by clarifying the fundamental mechanisms linking IPV and depressive symptoms. These results may serve as a valuable reference for the Chinese government to improve mental health among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Chen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yaqing Xue
- Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Benli Xue
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiachi Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Li
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chichen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wommack A, Holloway AB, Stallings KA, Lundin PM. Scaling the Process Chemistry of a COVID-19 Antiviral Pharmaceutical Down for a Multistep Synthesis Experiment in the Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2024; 101:1211-1217. [PMID: 38495616 PMCID: PMC10938635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Molnupiravir is an orally bioavailable direct acting antiviral agent that received emergency use authorization in late 2021 from the FDA for the treatment of patients with mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19. This prodrug is metabolized into a ribonucleoside that is incorporated into the viral RNA during replication. Its tautomerization between cytidine- and uridine-like forms ultimately causes multiple irreversible errors in the genetic code of the virus, which prevents successful viral replication. There are multiple process chemistry routes for molnupiravir synthesis published in the literature that attempt to maximize synthetic yield while minimizing cost and waste, which are goals similar to those of an implementable educational laboratory experiment for the teaching laboratory. We have developed a multiweek laboratory module for undergraduate students in which students conduct a multistep synthesis of molnupiravir. Specifically, our Organic Chemistry II Laboratory students performed the final two steps of molnupiravir synthesis using procedures derived directly from the published process chemistry literature. We utilized this opportunity to introduce students to reading and interpreting these primary experimental sources. Students obtained authentic characterization data via high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to assess the conversion and purity of their products at each synthetic step. We report our in-lab activities and student generated data as well as suggestions for how this laboratory experiment could be tailored to meet similar learning objectives in other courses, such as medicinal chemistry or capstone laboratory courses, and as a function of available instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
J. Wommack
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
- Cambrex, High Point, North Carolina 27265, United States
| | - Aaliyah B. Holloway
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Kaitlyn A. Stallings
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Pamela M. Lundin
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
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14
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Liu J, Tai Z, Hu F. Prevalence and coping of depression and anxiety among college students during COVID-19 lockdowns in China. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:305-313. [PMID: 38158051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to investigate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and mixed anxiety-depression disorder among college students during COVID-19 shelter-in-place lockdowns in China. METHODS Participants (N = 2818) were selected from 8 provincial regions across the country in areas that were under lockdown mandates. The dependent variables were anxiety and depression. Multiple regression models were tested using anxiety and depression as the respective outcome variables, and binary logistic regression was conducted with anxiety-depression comorbidity as the dependent variable. Explanatory variables were changes in (social) media use and communication behaviors, perceived effectiveness of daily activity involvements as well as a number of demographic and environmental factors. RESULTS Being a college senior, prior anxiety/depression history, having family members and residents in neighborhood tested positive with COVID were all important predictors of elevated anxiety, depression and their comorbidity. Increased face-to-face family communication and reading more e-books were associated with reduced anxiety, depression and their comorbidity. Listening to music and playing video games were correlated with lower anxiety but not depression. CONCLUSIONS Draconian shelter-in-place lockdowns as strictly enforced in China within a short notice could be detrimental to individual mental health and psychological well-being. Findings in this research can provide practical guidance for college counselors and health professionals in targeting particular segments of the student population in providing tailored psychological, therapeutic and material services during disruptive moments and public health crises. The central role of family communication in the emotional and social support process deserves critical contemplation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350108, China.
| | - Zixue Tai
- School of Journalism and Media, University of Kentucky, 343 S. Martin Luther King Blvd., Lexington, KY 40504, USA.
| | - Fengbin Hu
- Research Center for Cyberspace Governance, MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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15
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Prado ADS, Baldofski S, Kohls E, Rummel-Kluge C. International and domestic university students' mental health over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: Comparison between 2020, 2021, and 2022. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299812. [PMID: 38422096 PMCID: PMC10903817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic affected university students' mental health worldwide. International students were presenting high levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms before the pandemic. This study aimed to investigate (i) differences between various timepoints of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, 2021, and 2022) in mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects in domestic and international students, separately, (ii) differences between international and domestic students between the three timepoints on mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects, and (iii) possible moderation effects of timepoints on mental health outcomes and social and emotional aspects of domestic and international students. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from three cross-sectional anonymous online surveys conducted in German universities were analyzed and compared. Data were collected in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively, with a total N = 14,498. Depressive symptoms, hazardous alcohol use, social support, self-efficacy, resilience, perceived stress, and loneliness were assessed through standardized self-report instruments. Differences between domestic and international students in mental health outcomes, and social and emotional aspects across three timepoints were assessed with one-way and two-way ANCOVAs. RESULTS Regardless of the timepoint, international students presented more depressive symptoms and perceived stress, lower perceived social support and resilience, but higher levels of self-efficacy and less alcohol consumption compared to domestic students. A significant interaction effect between timepoint and student status emerged only for loneliness. CONCLUSIONS International students generally presented poorer mental health outcomes than domestic students. Mental health care and prevention such as low-threshold, online counseling should address university students, especially international students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneliana da Silva Prado
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Campus Curitiba, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Baldofski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
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Lee CKK, Chan KNJ, Wong SMC, Wong HSG, Lei HCJ, So YK, Fung SCV, Chu STR, Chung KKA, Cheng PWC, Lo KYH, Chan WC, Chang WC. Relationships between psychopathological symptoms, pandemic-related stress, perceived social support, and COVID-19 infection history: a network analysis in Chinese college students. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1340101. [PMID: 38370557 PMCID: PMC10873916 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1340101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous coronavirus, 2019 (COVID-19) research has applied network analysis to examine relationships between psychopathological symptoms but rarely extended to potential risk and protective factors or the influence of COVID-19 infection history. This study examined complex inter-relationships between psychopathological symptoms, COVID-19-related stressors, perceived social support, and COVID-19 infection history among Chinese university/college students during the peak of fifth pandemic wave using a network analysis approach. Methods A Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator-regularized partial correlation network using Gaussian graphical model was constructed in 1,395 Chinese university/college students in Hong Kong who completed a survey between 15 March and 3 April, 2022. Depressive, anxiety, and acute/traumatic stress symptoms were measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Impact of Event Scale-6, respectively. COVID-19-related stressors and perceived social support were measured. Network differences by COVID-19 infection history (COVID-network vs. no_COVID-network) and network communities were examined. Results Our results showed that the most influential nodes were depressed mood, uncontrollable worries, and uncontrollable thoughts about COVID-19. The main bridging symptoms were concentration problems and psychomotor problems. The COVID-network, comprising participants with a history of COVID-19 infection only, was significantly stronger than the no_COVID-network. Perceived social support and stress from conflicts with family/friends formed a unique community with negative cognition and suicidal idea in the COVID-network only. Conclusion Our findings indicate that specific interventions targeting interpersonal conflicts and concentration problems as well as facilitating stress buffering effects of social support may represent effective strategies to reduce psychological distress in university/college students during COVID-19 and should be considered for future pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Kei Krystal Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwun Nam Joe Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sau Man Corine Wong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hou Sem Gabbie Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hiu Ching Janet Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen Kiu So
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shi Cheng Vivian Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai Ting Ryan Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kar Kin Albert Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak Wing Calvin Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Ying Heidi Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Chi Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wu M, Zeng S. Exploring factors influencing farmers' health self-assessment in China based on the LASSO method. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:333. [PMID: 38297267 PMCID: PMC10829402 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
As the main force and practice subject of rural revitalisation, farmers' health is intricately linked to agricultural production and the rural economy. This study utilizes open data from the 2015 China Nutrition and Health Survey and employs the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method to explore the factors influencing farmers' self-assessment of health. The findings reveal that education level, proactive nutrition knowledge seeking, healthy dietary preferences and habits, and the use of clean cooking fuel positively impact farmers' health self-assessment. Conversely, age, history of illness or injury, and participation in medical insurance negatively affect their self-assessment. Furthermore, factors influencing farmers' health self-assessment exhibit heterogeneity across regions. Our findings suggest that promoting health education, disseminating nutritional dietary knowledge, and enhancing rural household infrastructure play an important role in improving farmers' self-evaluation of health. Therefore, policymakers should design more targeted health interventions and infrastructure improvement plans based on farmers' self-assessment of health and the level of regional economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Wu
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shulin Zeng
- Qidong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226200, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Chen B, Cao R, Pan L, Song D, Liao C, Li Y. Association among physical activity, anxiety and oral health status in Chinese university students: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24529. [PMID: 38312590 PMCID: PMC10835240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence is limited regarding the relationship among physical activity, anxiety, and oral health in Chinese university students. This cross-sectional investigation aimed to assess the potential relationship between physical activity, anxiety, and oral health conditions among university students in China. Methods An online questionnaire measuring physical activity, anxiety status, and oral health condition was completed by 1604 university students. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were selected to evaluate physical activity and anxiety, respectively. Oral health condition was assessed through several self-reported variables, including self-reported toothache, gingival bleeding, frequency of tooth brushing, and use of dental floss. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze the underlying relationship between outcome variables. The control variables included age, height, weight, gender, whether only one-child, education level, parental education level, smoking status, drinking habits, and length of sleep. Path analysis was conducted to disentangle the association between physical activity, anxiety, and oral health conditions. Results Among 1604 university students, 666 (41.5 %) were males and 938 (58.5 %) were females, with an average of 21.9 ± 2.8 years. Only 833 (51.9 %) reported sufficient physical activity, while 684 (42.6 %) of the subjects displayed varying degrees of anxiety. Self-reported gingival bleeding was associated with insufficient physical activity (OR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02-1.55), anxiety (OR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.27-0.74), frequency of tooth brushing (OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.60-0.95) and use of dental floss (OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.59-0.96), while toothache was not directly influenced by the physical activity and anxiety among university students. Anxiety markedly mediated the relationship between physical activity and oral health conditions. Conclusions Anxiety was considered a factor associated with the level of physical activity, tooth brushing habits, and self-reported gingival bleeding among university students. Further investigations are required to elucidate whether oral health conditions could be enhanced through the improvement of anxiety and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Stomatological Hospital and School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongkai Cao
- Stomatological Hospital and School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Leiyu Pan
- Sports and Health Research Center, Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danni Song
- Stomatological Hospital and School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongshan Liao
- Stomatological Hospital and School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongming Li
- Stomatological Hospital and School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Nehme A, Moussa S, Fekih-Romdhane F, Yakın E, Hallit S, Obeid S, Haddad G. Expressive suppression moderates the relationship between PTSD from COVID-19 and somatization and validation of the Arabic version of Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293081. [PMID: 38271356 PMCID: PMC10810523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebanese adults have been crippled for years by several crises, including the lately COVID-19 pandemic. These massive civilian traumas have increased the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this population. Extensive literature pointed to the association between PTSD and somatization; however, the nature of this relationship remains unknown. We sought to contribute further to work in this area by testing the moderating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between COVID-19- related PTSD and somatization. As a secondary objective, we aimed to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the somatization measure Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) in terms of factorial validity and internal consistency before its use in the present study. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2021. A total of 403 Lebanese adults residing in Lebanon were recruited. Eligible participants received an online link to the survey. The Patient Health Questionnaire-15 was used to assess somatization, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version for PTSD and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for emotion regulation. RESULTS The results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a three-factor solution explaining 48.79% of the common variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis results of the three-factor model obtained in the EFA indicated a good fit with a significant CFI of 0.98, TLI 0.98 and a GFI of .97, a RMSEA of .04 [90% CI .01, .06]. Higher PTSD symptoms were associated with somatization. In addition, we found that one specific ER component, i.e. expressive suppression, significantly moderated the relationship between PTSD from the COVID pandemic and somatization. In particular, the interaction PTSD from the COVID-19 pandemic by expressive suppression was significantly associated with somatization; at low, medium and high levels of expressive suppression, higher PTSD from the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly associated with higher somatization scores. As for our secondary objective, findings revealed that the Arabic version of the PHQ-15 exhibited good psychometric properties. In particular, the scale yielded a three-factor structure, and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87). CONCLUSION The moderating role of expressive suppression on the link between PTSD and somatization presents a novel finding in the field of trauma. Additionally, making a psychometrically sound Arabic version of the PHQ-15 available is a valuable addition to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nehme
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Sara Moussa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ecem Yakın
- Centre d’Études et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, Université de Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, UT2J, Toulouse, France
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Georges Haddad
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
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Fountoulakis KN, Alias NA, Bjedov S, Fountoulakis NK, Gonda X, Hilbig J, Jakovljević M, Kulig B, Mahale G, Manafis A, Mohammed M, Nadareishvili I, Navickas A, Patsali ME, Pavlichenko A, Pilaga SM, Razali S, Romanov D, Rossitza I, Salihu AS, Sinauridze A, Stoyanova M, Thosar K, Vorobjova J, Vrublevska J, Rancans E, Javed A, Theodorakis PN, Breda J, Smirnova D. Students' mental health during the pandemic: results of the observational cross-sectional COVID-19 MEntal health inTernational for university Students (COMET-S) study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1320156. [PMID: 38293595 PMCID: PMC10825874 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1320156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to search rates of depression and mental health in university students, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods This is an observational cross-sectional study. A protocol gathering sociodemographic variables as well as depression, anxiety and suicidality and conspiracism was assembled, and data were collected anonymously and online from April 2020 through March 2021. The sample included 12,488 subjects from 11 countries, of whom 9,026 were females (72.2%; aged 21.11 ± 2.53), 3,329 males (26.65%; aged 21.61 ± 2.81) and 133 "non-binary gender" (1.06%; aged 21.02 ± 2.98). The analysis included chi-square tests, correlation analysis, ANCOVA, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analysis and Relative Risk ratios. Results Dysphoria was present in 15.66% and probable depression in 25.81% of the total study sample. More than half reported increase in anxiety and depression and 6.34% in suicidality, while lifestyle changes were significant. The model developed explained 18.4% of the development of depression. Believing in conspiracy theories manifested a complex effect. Close to 25% was believing that the vaccines include a chip and almost 40% suggested that facemask wearing could be a method of socio-political control. Conspiracism was related to current depression but not to history of mental disorders. Discussion The current study reports that students are at high risk for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified specific risk factors. It also suggested a role of believing in conspiracy theories. Further research is important, as it is targeted intervention in students' groups that are vulnerable both concerning mental health and conspiracism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece
- WHO Collaboration Center for Quality in Mental Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nor Aziah Alias
- Academic Affairs Division, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Bjedov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jan Hilbig
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Barbara Kulig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Girija Mahale
- Symbiosis Centre for Emotional Wellbeing, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune, India
| | - Alexandros Manafis
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Muftau Mohammed
- Department of Mental Health, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Alvydas Navickas
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikaella E. Patsali
- School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexey Pavlichenko
- Education Center, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 n.a. N.A. Alexeev of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Salmi Razali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dmitry Romanov
- Department of Psychiatry, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Iakimova Rossitza
- Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry “Saint Naum”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Auwal Sani Salihu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ana Sinauridze
- Georgian Medical Students' Association, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Maria Stoyanova
- Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry “Saint Naum”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ketaki Thosar
- Symbiosis Centre for Emotional Wellbeing, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune, India
| | | | - Jelena Vrublevska
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga, Latvia
| | - Elmars Rancans
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga, Latvia
| | - Afzal Javed
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Joao Breda
- WHO Athens Quality of Care Office, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daria Smirnova
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
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21
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Bin X, Qu KY, Wang YH, Chen L, Xiong YJ, Wen JF, Wei HB, Bing T, Dan CY, Zhu JQ. Prevalence of depression, anxiety in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1267764. [PMID: 38249392 PMCID: PMC10796455 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1267764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health risks associated with the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic are often overlooked by the public. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety disorders in China. Methods Studies were analyzed and extracted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 flowchart. The studies were screened and extracted using electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov according to the predefined eligibility criteria. The Cochrane Review Manager software 5.3.1 was used for data analysis and the risk of bias assessment. Results As of 2023, a total of 9,212,751 Chinese have been diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. A total of 913,036 participants in 44 studies were selected following the eligibility criteria, the statistical information of which was collected for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety were 0.31 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.35; I2 = 100.0%, p < 0.001) and 0.29 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.36; I2 = 100.0%, p < 0.001), respectively. After performing a subgroup analysis, the prevalence of depression among women, healthcare workers, students, and adolescents was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.41), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.44), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.39), and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.44), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety among the Chinese was overall high. Monitoring and surveillance of the mental health status of the population during crises such as sudden global pandemics are imperative. Systematic review registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier [CRD42023402190].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Bin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke-Yi Qu
- Department of Stomatology, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Hao Wang
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Fu Wen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Endocrinology of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Hua-Bo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Tan Bing
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Dan
- Department of Human Resources, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Quan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengdu County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
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22
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Li J, Wisnivesky JP, Lin JJ, Campbell KN, Hu L, Kale MS. Examining the Trajectory of Health-Related Quality of Life among Coronavirus Disease Patients. J Gen Intern Med 2024:10.1007/s11606-023-08575-9. [PMID: 38169022 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported a reduction in health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) among post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, there remains a gap in research examining the heterogeneity and determinants of HR-QoL trajectory in these patients. OBJECTIVE To describe and identify factors explaining the variability in HR-QoL trajectories among a cohort of patients with history of COVID-19. DESIGN A prospective study using data from a cohort of COVID-19 patients enrolled into a registry established at a health system in New York City. PARTICIPANTS Participants were enrolled from July 2020 to June 2022, and completed a baseline evaluation and two follow-up visits at 6 and 12 months. METHODS We assessed HR-QoL with the 29-item Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System instrument, which was summarized into mental and physical health domains. We performed latent class growth and multinomial logistic regression to examine trajectories of HR-QoL and identify factors associated with specific trajectories. RESULTS The study included 588 individuals with a median age of 52 years, 65% female, 54% White, 18% Black, and 18% Hispanic. We identified five physical health trajectories and four mental health trajectories. Female gender, having pre-existing hypertension, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and hospitalization for acute COVID-19 were independently associated with lower physical health. In addition, patients with increasing body mass index were more likely to experience lower physical health over time. Female gender, younger age, pre-existing asthma, arthritis and cardiovascular disease were associated with poor mental health. CONCLUSIONS We found significant heterogeneity of HR-QoL after COVID-19, with women and patients with specific comorbidities at increased risk of lower HR-QoL. Implementation of targeted psychological and physical interventions is crucial for enhancing the quality of life of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Juan P Wisnivesky
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny J Lin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirk N Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liangyuan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers University School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Minal S Kale
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Miyake Y, Takagaki K, Yoshino A, Okamoto Y. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depressive Symptoms, Including Clinical and Subthreshold Levels, and Eating Behaviors in First-Year University Students. Complex Psychiatry 2024; 10:1-9. [PMID: 38221939 PMCID: PMC10783891 DOI: 10.1159/000535624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, university students experienced unusual environmental stresses, and the number of university students with depressive symptoms increased. The pandemic had a profoundly negative impact on the mental health of first-year students because they were not prepared to face academic and social stresses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on depressive symptoms, eating behaviors, and stress-coping ability among first-year university students. Methods A total of 8,424 first-year students, 2,043 males and 1,636 females who entered university in Japan in 2021-2022 (during the pandemic) and 2,912 males and 1,833 females who entered university in Japan in 2018-2019 (before the pandemic), participated. We investigated the differences in depressive symptoms (using Beck Depression Inventory II [BDI-II]), eating behaviors (using Eating Attitudes Test-26 [EAT-26] and Bulimic Inventory Test, Edinburgh [BITE]), and stress coping (using Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations [CISS], which has three subscales) between first-year students before and during the pandemic. We divided the students into three categories (clinical, subthreshold, and nonsymptomatic) according to depressive symptoms and eating behaviors based on BDI-ll and EAT-26 scores and compared the frequencies of the three categories at two time points. Results First-year students during the pandemic showed a higher percentage of depressive symptoms, including clinical and subthreshold levels, than first-year students before the pandemic but did not show disordered eating behaviors. Additionally, the CISS task-oriented score was significantly lower for students with depressive symptoms, including clinical and subthreshold levels, during the pandemic than before the pandemic in females. Conclusions This study suggests that it may be important to provide first-year university students with more information about depressive symptom awareness, including clinical and subthreshold levels, and to provide appropriate ways for stress coping from many angles and early support in pandemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Miyake
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koki Takagaki
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsuo Yoshino
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuri Okamoto
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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24
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Kelly-Turner K, Radomsky AS. At the mercy of myself: A thematic analysis of beliefs about losing control. Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 38131416 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Concerns about the likelihood, consequences, and meaning of losing control are commonplace across anxiety-related disorders. However, several experimental studies have suggested that individuals without a diagnosis of a mental disorder also believe that they can and will lose control under the right circumstances. Understanding the range of beliefs about the nature and consequences of losing control can help us to better understand the continuum of negative beliefs about losing control. METHODS The present study used thematic analysis to identify common beliefs about losing control in an unselected sample. Twenty-one participants, half of whom met criteria for at least one anxiety-related disorder, were interviewed about their beliefs about losing control. RESULTS All 21 participants reported that losing control was possible. Losses of control were defined as multifaceted cognitive-behavioural processes and were seen as negative considering the perceived consequences of the losses. Commonly described consequences were harm to oneself or others, powerlessness, and unpleasant emotions during (e.g., sadness, frustration, and anxiety) and following (e.g., regret, shame, and humiliation) a loss of control. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that perceived losses of control are common and that negative beliefs about losing may only become problematic when the losses are personally significant. Further, they offer important insight into what is common among clinical and non-clinical beliefs about losing control and inform how these beliefs might be worth targeting in cognitive and behavioural interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam S Radomsky
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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25
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Agyapong-Opoku G, Agyapong B, Obuobi-Donkor G, Eboreime E. Depression and Anxiety among Undergraduate Health Science Students: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1002. [PMID: 38131858 PMCID: PMC10740739 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Health science students in post-secondary institutions experience high levels of depression and anxiety due to increased stress levels, workload, low socioeconomic status, and history of family mental illness, among other factors. Given the significant negative impact that depression and anxiety can have on undergraduate health science students, it is essential to understand the prevalence and correlation of these conditions in this population. In light of this, this scoping review aims to identify, document, and analyze the literature on the prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression among undergraduate health sciences students and identify gaps in knowledge for future research. Methods: This scoping review was planned and executed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for the Scoping Reviews statement. A comprehensive and systematic search was carried out for five databases, namely MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PubMed. Results: From the literature identified by our search strategy, the lowest prevalence for anxiety was 5.8%, and the highest was 82.6%, with a median of 44.25%. The prevalence of depression ranged from a high of 88.8% to a low of 2.1%, with a median value of 34.8%. Our analysis revealed that correlates of anxiety and depression among health science students include sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, gender, relationships, ethnicity, and family history, personal health conditions, and academic and socioeconomic issues. Conclusions: With the high incidence of anxiety and depression among health science students, there is an increasing need to find practical remedies to support these students. It is also essential for policymakers and university authorities to implement interventions such as supportive text messages and other strategies geared toward providing support and improving the psychological well-being of health science students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Agyapong-Opoku
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Belinda Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Gloria Obuobi-Donkor
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada (E.E.)
| | - Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada (E.E.)
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26
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Voss C, Shorter P, Weatrowski G, Mueller-Coyne J, Turner K. A comparison of anxiety levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:2669-2689. [PMID: 35503814 PMCID: PMC9086220 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221093250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 Pandemic upended the lives of nearly everyone worldwide, and recent studies have reported higher rates of anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems. Using a repeated crosssectional design, the current study compares anxiety levels from a representative sample of college students prior-to and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Additionally, differences in anxiety prior to and following U.S. approval for use of the Pfizer-BioNTtech COVID-19 vaccine were also compared. Findings indicate that state-anxiety levels did not differ significantly prior to and during the Pandemic as well as before the vaccine and during and after the vaccine (M = 43.01, 44.10, 44.77, respectively). Surprisingly, trait anxiety levels were significantly higher during the Pandemic than before (p = .003), and anxiety levels trend down after the approval of the vaccine, but not significantly (M = 45.10, 48.85, 47.58, respectively). Future research should continue to investigate and compare anxiety levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Voss
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe Shorter
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Grace Weatrowski
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Katherine Turner
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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27
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Yin J, Li S, Li J, Gong R, Jia Z, Liu J, Jin Z, Yang J, Liu Y. Association of serum oleic acid level with depression in American adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:845. [PMID: 37974120 PMCID: PMC10652490 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the most abundant fatty acid in plasma, oleic acid has been found to be associated with multiple neurological diseases; however, results from studies of the relationship between oleic acid and depression are inconsistent. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed 4,459 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. The following covariates were adjusted in multivariable logistic regression models: age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol status, metabolic syndrome, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total cholesterol. RESULTS Serum oleic acid levels were positively associated with depression. After adjusting for all covariates, for every 1 mmol/L increase in oleic acid levels, the prevalence of depression increased by 40% (unadjusted OR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.16-1.57; adjusted OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03-1.90). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that oleic acid may play a role in depression. Further research is needed to investigate the potential benefits of changing oleic acid levels for the treatment and prevention of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinling Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | | | - Zhixia Jia
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Nanjing Meishan Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Jin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiguo Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China.
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28
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Mirabito G, Verhaeghen P. Changes in State Mindfulness are the Key to Success in Mindfulness Interventions: Ecological Momentary Assessments of Predictors, Mediators, and Outcomes in a Four-Week Koru Mindfulness Intervention. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231216899. [PMID: 37972393 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231216899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
It is often assumed that changes in state mindfulness coupled with a decrease in intrusive thinking (e.g., rumination or worry) are the crucial ingredients in mindfulness interventions. We investigate this claim by examining within-person day-to-day changes and causal relationships among these changes in state measures of mindfulness, cognitive interference (a measure of intrusive thinking), depression, well-being, stress, sleep, physical activity, and quality of formal and informal mindfulness practice in a four-week randomized controlled mindfulness intervention with a sample of college students using the Koru mindfulness program; n = 55 for intervention, n = 57 for control; mean age = 21.4). The intervention was effective in improving day-to-day state mindfulness, cognitive interference, and sleep (the effects on all three were linear), but the effects on physical activity, depression, and well-being were not significant. Day-to-day mindfulness (the independent variable) was a predictor of change in daily cognitive interference (the mediating variable), which in turn predicted depression and well-being (dependent variables). The beneficial effects of state mindfulness were demonstrable over a lag of four days, suggesting it is indeed a key ingredient in the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions. Physical activity, sleep, and practice quality did not mediate any effects. One clear implication is that maintaining or restoring high levels of mindfulness, for instance by engaging in meditation or in more informal mindfulness exercises, would be of obvious and direct benefit to mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Mirabito
- Department of psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul Verhaeghen
- Department of psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Rog J, Karakuła M, Rząd Z, Fitowska A, Brzezińska A, Karakula-Juchnowicz H. The Importance of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Depressive Symptoms and Their Biological Consequences in Healthy Adults: Results of a Polish University Student Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7093. [PMID: 38002705 PMCID: PMC10671862 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a long-lasting effect on both physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the consequences of ACEs and experienced stress on depression and the role of biological disturbances in this relationship in a student population. Potential participants filled out a screening questionnaire; 60 of 126 students met the inclusion criteria and were tested for the severity of stress and depressive symptoms, ACEs, dietary habits, and serum concentrations of biological markers. Depressive symptoms were related to a younger age (p = 0.012), a higher severity of stress (p = 0.001), ACEs (p = 0.007), and lower triglyceride (p = 0.01) and cortisol concentrations (p = 0.01). An inverse relationship between the triglyceride concentration and emotional abuse (R = -0.38) and emotional neglect (R = -0.33) was found. Occludin was positively associated with physical abuse (R = 0.31). Cortisol was inversely associated with emotional abuse (R = -0.35). Emotional neglect was associated with lipopolysaccharide binding protein (R = 0.38) and insulin levels (R = -0.31). The most promising multi-panel of biomarkers for recognizing mood symptoms included triglycerides, tight junction protein 1, and cortisol (cut-offs of ≤ 95.5 mg/dL, 0.72 ng/mL, and 134.63 ng/mL, respectively). This study confirmed the association between ACEs and depressive symptoms and the importance of psychological stress in developing mood disorders. ACEs could affect biological dysregulation. Some of the biological markers could be helpful in early detection of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rog
- Laboratory of Human Metabolism Research, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Karakuła
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Zuzanna Rząd
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (Z.R.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Aleksandra Fitowska
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry and Crystallography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Brzezińska
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (Z.R.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (Z.R.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
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Ghasempour S, Esmaeeli M, Abbasi A, Hosseinzadeh A, Ebrahimi H. Relationship between academic success, distance education learning environments, and its related factors among medical sciences students: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:847. [PMID: 37946138 PMCID: PMC10633937 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic success is among the most important criteria for determining students' competence. Hence, one of the concerns of education system researchers has always been investigating its associated factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between academic success, distance education learning environments, and its related factors among Shahroud University of Medical Sciences students. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 208 medical sciences students who completed at least two online and two in-person academic semesters. Participants were selected through the convenience sampling method and filled out three questionnaires, including the demographic information form, the Academic Success Inventory for College Students, and the Distance Education Learning Environments Survey. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests (t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression). RESULTS In this study, students reported moderate levels of academic success (107.81 ± 10.72). Moreover, they assessed their distance education learning environment as the positive points were more than the negative points (74.10 ± 14.89). Distance education learning environment (β = 0.233 and P < 0.001) and field satisfaction (β = 9.797 and P = 0.001) were also mentioned as factors related to students' academic success. CONCLUSION According to the present results, it is suggested to improve the learning environment of distance education and increase students' satisfaction to enhance their academic outcomes such as academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghasempour
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Maede Esmaeeli
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Di Bello F, Scandurra C, Muzii B, Colla’ Ruvolo C, Califano G, Mocini E, Creta M, Napolitano L, Morra S, Fraia A, Bochicchio V, Salzano G, Vaira LA, Mangiapia F, Motta G, Motta G, Maldonato NM, Longo N, Cantone E. Are Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms the Triggering Link for Mental Imbalance? An Exploratory Post Hoc Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6965. [PMID: 38002580 PMCID: PMC10672561 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12226965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) could negatively impair the patients' quality of life, increasing the sensitivity to psychological distress that results in mental health disorders. The relationships of both urinary and respiratory domains with psychological distress in obstructive sleep apnea patients is still underestimated. METHODS This study was a post hoc analysis of a web-based Italian survey, which included 1998 participants. Three hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses with psychological distress as dependent variable were performed on the study of 1988 participants enrolled in the final analysis. Cohen's f2 was used for the assessment of the effect size. RESULTS From the hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses, it emerged that the final statistical model (including sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, perceived urinary function, and excessive daytime sleepiness) for all dimensions accounted for 16.7% of the variance in psychological distress, with a medium effect size (f2 = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS People reported psychological distress was impaired by the presence of LUTS and EDS. Specifically, our study showed that higher levels of distress were scored especially in young women exhibiting urinary symptoms and with high values of daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Cristiano Scandurra
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Benedetta Muzii
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Claudia Colla’ Ruvolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Califano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Edoardo Mocini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Creta
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Luigi Napolitano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Simone Morra
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Agostino Fraia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Bochicchio
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University Hospital of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Mangiapia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Gaetano Motta
- ENT Unit, Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Motta
- ENT Unit, Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Nelson Mauro Maldonato
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Nicola Longo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Cantone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.D.B.); (C.S.); (C.C.R.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (L.N.); (S.M.); (A.F.); (F.M.); (N.M.M.); (N.L.); (E.C.)
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Huang X, Sun T, Han D, Lin H, Zhang H, Hou X. The effect of yoga classes on the mental health of female college students. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1244-1250. [PMID: 37695564 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems have become prominent among college students. The purpose of this study was to to explore the influence of yoga course on female college students' mental health. METHODS Three hundred fifty-four female college students enrolled in Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2020 or 2021 were selected and divided into three groups according to whether they took PE courses and the content of PE courses: No physical education group (control group) (N.=131), aerobics group (N.=120), and yoga group (N.=103), questionnaire survey was conducted before, at the middle (8 weeks), and at the end of the course. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Connor- Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) were used to evaluate the mental health status of female college students at different time points. RESULTS The demographic characteristics of the three groups showed no significant differences. Repeated measures Analysis of Variance showed that there were time main effect, group and time interaction effect and group main effect in patients' health questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Connor- Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) among the three groups before and after practice. Patient health score: The score of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in yoga group at 16 weeks, at 8 weeks, before practice (P<0.05), and the scores of yoga group at 8 weeks and 16 weeks were lower than those of control group and aerobics group (P< 0.05). For CD-RISC: the score of yoga group at16 weeks, 8 weeks, before practice (P<0.05), and the scores at 8 and 16 weeks were higher than those of aerobics group and control group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference before and after exercise between the control group and the aerobics group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The teaching of yoga course can enhance the level of psychological resilience, improve depression and anxiety, promote mental health, and improve subjective well-being and improve the quality of college life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Huang
- School of Health and Physical Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Exercise and Physical Fitness Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxu Han
- School of Health and Physical Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Lin
- School of Health and Physical Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China -
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Cardon G, McQuarrie M, Calton S, Gabrielsen TP. Similar overall expression, but different profiles, of autistic traits, sensory processing, and mental health between young adult males and females. RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2023; 109:102263. [PMID: 37990737 PMCID: PMC10659573 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends suggest that autism is more common in females than traditionally held. Additionally, some argue that females express autistic traits differently than males. Dimensional views of autism could shed light on these issues, especially with regards to understudied behavioral areas, such as sensory processing. We examined autistic traits, sensory processing, anxiety, and related behaviors in a large sample of neurotypical young adult males and females (n = 1,122; 556 female; ages 19-26). Participants completed an online survey containing questionnaires related to the above. Between groups statistical analyses, as well as within groups correlations and mediation analyses containing these constructs were then computed. We also carried out a cluster analysis to establish groups with behavioral similarities and estimate within-cluster male/female ratios. Results showed modest differences in the overall expression of autistic traits and sensory processing, if any, between males and females. Conversely, more detailed examination of survey subtests and mediation analyses revealed differing profiles between these groups. Cluster analysis uncovered a group comprised of both males (69.8%) and females (30.2%) who exhibited elevated degrees of autism-related behaviors, suggesting a higher proportion of females than would be predicted by traditional ratios. Taken together, these findings suggest that males and females may not differ as much as previously thought in their general levels of autistic traits or sensory processing, but may present with distinct profiles of such behaviors. These novel results add to our understanding of autistic traits in females and have the potential to positively influence diagnostic and support practices.
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Okazaki R, Nagata T, Okamoto Y, Mizuta I, Yamamoto N, Tokunaga T, Yamashita T, Urasaki Y, Kosaka H. Increase in underweight young adult population in Japan due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional survey analysis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:622-623. [PMID: 37559502 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Okazaki
- Health Administration Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | | | - Yuri Okamoto
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mizuta
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamamoto
- Center for Health Sciences and Counseling, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tokunaga
- Research Promotion Office, Shinseikai Toyama Hospital, Toyama, Japan
- Medical Research Support Center, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | | | | | - Hirotaka Kosaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Cai H, Guo J, Zhou J, Lai Y. Psychological resilience mediates the association between sleep quality and anxiety symptoms: A repeated measures study in college students. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292887. [PMID: 37878594 PMCID: PMC10599530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between sleep quality and anxiety symptoms, and the mediation effect of psychological resilience on this association by a repeated measures study. METHODS In this study, 127 college students were randomly recruited and their sleep quality and psychological status were repeatedly collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale, Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC), and 7-items generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7). Linear mixed-effects models were used to explore the association between sleep quality and anxiety symptoms, and a mediated effects analysis was used to explore the role played by psychological resilience in this association. RESULTS This study found a positive association between sleep quality and anxiety symptoms (β = 0.40, 95% confidence interval: 0.27, 0.52). Psychological resilience scores and its various dimensions play a significant mediating role in this association. CONCLUSIONS Although the role of sleep quality in anxiety disorders is not fully understood, this study highlights the importance of improving sleep quality while enhancing psychological resilience to prevent the onset of anxiety symptoms in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangjie Cai
- Mental Health Guidance Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jungu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Lai
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Guenthner L, Baldofski S, Kohls E, Schuhr J, Brock T, Rummel-Kluge C. Differences in Help-Seeking Behavior among University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic Depending on Mental Health Status: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:885. [PMID: 37998632 PMCID: PMC10669357 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests that a significant proportion of university students are affected by mental disorders and suicidal ideation. Despite this, a treatment gap exists. Therefore, the present study assessed students' knowledge and past use of on- and off-campus mental health services and help-seeking intentions. Furthermore, resilience was investigated as a potential barrier to help-seeking behavior. METHODS Data were collected between April and May 2022 from N = 5510 students from Saxony, Germany. To compare dependent variables, subgroups were computed according to students' mental health status. Variables were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Chi-square tests were used for comparisons between groups. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the influence of resilience on help-seeking behavior. RESULTS Between 34 and 38% (depending on the subgroup) of participants indicated that they were not aware of their universities' psychosocial counseling services. Furthermore, between 17 and 19% of participants indicated that they were not willing to seek help from professional mental health services. Finally, the previously found negative effect of resilience on help-seeking behavior was confirmed. CONCLUSION The results showed a lack of awareness regarding universities' mental health services and a treatment gap among university students. Universities and healthcare providers need to educate students about mental health services and how to access them. Further research is needed to elucidate the differential impact of resilience on mental health and help-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Guenthner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.G.); (S.B.); (E.K.)
| | - Sabrina Baldofski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.G.); (S.B.); (E.K.)
| | - Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.G.); (S.B.); (E.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Schuhr
- Centre for Research, Further Education and Consulting, University of Applied Sciences for Social Work, Education and Nursing, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Tanja Brock
- Centre for Research, Further Education and Consulting, University of Applied Sciences for Social Work, Education and Nursing, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.G.); (S.B.); (E.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Liu B, Liu X, Zou L, Hu J, Wang Y, Hao M. The effects of body dissatisfaction, sleep duration, and exercise habits on the mental health of university students in southern China during COVID-19. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292896. [PMID: 37824511 PMCID: PMC10569630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, universities around the world adopted a closed management model and various restrictive measures intended to reduce human contact and control the spread of the disease. Such measures have had a profound impact on university students, with a marked increase in depression-related psychological disorders. However, little is known about the specific status and factors influencing the impact of the pandemic on student mental health. Addressing this gap, this study examines the body dissatisfaction, physical activity, and sleep of university students during the pandemic, and uses their levels of depression to provide a theoretical basis for the development of mental health interventions for university students in the post-epidemic era. To achieve this, a total of 1,258 university students were randomly recruited for this cross-sectional study. Collected data included respondents' anthropometric measurements, body dissatisfaction levels, dietary habits, sleep status, physical activity levels, and depression levels. The overall detection rate of depression was 25.4%, with higher levels of depression among women. Multiple regression analysis showed that the PSQI score (β = 1.768, P < 0.01) and physical activity scores (β = -0.048, P < 0.01) were significant predictors of depression in men, while the PSQI score (β = 1.743, P < 0.01) and body dissatisfaction scores (β = 0.917, P < 0.01) were significant predictors of depression in women. Mental health problems were prevalent among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate the possibility of alleviating depression among university students by improving their body dissatisfaction, physical activity, and sleep. However, as this study was limited to Ganzhou City, it is challenging to extrapolate the findings to other populations. As this was a cross-sectional study, a causal relationship between depression levels and lifestyle habits cannot be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Liu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Liaoning Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for the Prevention and Control of Infectious and Communicable Diseases, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Zou
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yueming Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China
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Shiraishi N, Sakata M, Toyomoto R, Yoshida K, Luo Y, Nakagami Y, Tajika A, Watanabe T, Sahker E, Uwatoko T, Shimamoto T, Iwami T, Furukawa TA. Dynamics of depressive states among university students in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time series analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:38. [PMID: 37814328 PMCID: PMC10563354 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was reported to have increased depression among university students which was associated with impairments in their campus lives. This study examined changes in depressive states among Japanese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A secondary data analysis from a factorial randomized controlled trial involving smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed. Six cohorts (N = 1626) underwent an 8-week intervention during the spring or autumn of 2019-2021, with a 9-month follow-up. We evaluated participants' depressive states weekly using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) during the intervention, with monthly evaluations thereafter. The follow-up periods included Japan's four states of emergency (SOEs) to control COVID-19. Hypothesizing that SOEs caused a sudden worsening of depressive states, Study 1 compared the cohorts' PHQ-9 scores, and Study 2 employed time series analysis with a mixed-effects model to estimate identified changes in PHQ-9 scores. RESULTS Although no changes in depressive states were observed in relation to the SOEs, Study 1 identified sudden increases in PHQ-9 scores at the 28-week evaluation point, which corresponded to the beginning of the new academic year for the three autumn cohorts. In contrast, the three spring cohorts did not exhibit similar changes. Study 2 showed that, for all three autumn cohorts (n = 522), the 0.60-point change was significant (95% CI 0.42-0.78; p < .001) at 28 weeks; that is, when their timeline was interrupted. CONCLUSIONS While the results do not indicate any notable impact of the SOEs, they highlight the influence of the new academic year on university students' mental health during COVID-19. Trial registration UMIN, CTR-000031307. Registered on February 14, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shiraishi
- Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - M Sakata
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - R Toyomoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Luo
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Nakagami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Tajika
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - E Sahker
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Education Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Uwatoko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Shimamoto
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Iwami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Çerezci-Duygu S, Özdemir F, Karakaş G. Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Stress Perception: Exploring Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic. J Res Health Sci 2023; 23:e00585. [PMID: 38315900 PMCID: PMC10660507 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the difficulty of the pandemic process, managing the long-term effects that may occur after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is among the biggest concerns in the present era. This study aimed to explore factors affecting the physical activity level and investigate the relationship between physical activity level and stress perception of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. METHODS Study data were collected via online survey, and volunteer participants completed the survey through the survey link between October 21 and December 31, 2021. Physical activity level was evaluated by "The International Physical Activity Questionnaire- Short Form" (IPAQ-SF), and stress level was evaluated by "Perceived Stress Scale" (PSS). The participants were asked questions about barriers and motivators for physical activity before and during the pandemic. RESULTS The study included 444 participants (81.3% female and 18.7% male) with an average age of 21±2.95 years. The results showed a negative-significant linear relationship between perceived stress score and total physical activity, vigorous-intensity physical activity, and walking scores (r=-0.157, P<0.01; r=-0.16, P<0.01; r=-0.13, P<0.05 respectively). During the pandemic, the perception of insufficient finance became less important as a barrier (P=0.029), and healthcare professional (HCP) recommendation became more important as a motivator for physical activity than the pre-pandemic conditions (P=0.035). CONCLUSION The findings indicated that it is possible to reduce the level of perceived stress by increasing the level of physical activity. Current research will be a key for increasing and maintaining physical activity and reducing perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senay Çerezci-Duygu
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Gülhane Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Furkan Özdemir
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Rehabilitation, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gökhan Karakaş
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Lv F, Zhu R, Hou X, Fang L, Wang Y, Du Z, Zhong X, Liu J. Psychological Health and Risk Factors of College Students within the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:796. [PMID: 37887446 PMCID: PMC10604818 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students are a priority population in mental health research. This study aimed to explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression symptoms among college students in Chongqing, a megacity under the impact of COVID-19, and to provide a basis for determining the priorities of public health policies and implementing effective educational health care interventions. METHODS In this cross-sectional study conducted in Chongqing, China, the data came from web-based stratified random sampling. Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), respectively, and risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS Data were obtained from 915 college students (34.75% were male, and 65.25% were female) with age (20.29 ± 1.51) in Chongqing, China. The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were 19.78% and 22.62%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of anxiety symptoms were associated with junior years, sleep time of less than 6 h a day, influence on career planning, and depression symptoms. Comprehensive, science and engineering, and medicine disciplines, having siblings, poorer mastery of study, and anxiety symptoms were risk factors for developing depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS During the pandemic, college students experienced varying degrees of anxiety and depression. Our research findings highlight the necessity of universities and relevant departments providing precise mental health education for college students under major public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Lv
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Medical Data Science Academy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Medical Data Science Academy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Laihao Fang
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhiyin Du
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Medical Data Science Academy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhong
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiaxiu Liu
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Medical Data Science Academy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Theron LC, Cockcroft K, Annalakshmi N, Rodgers JG, Akinduyo TE, Fouché A. Emerging Adult Resilience to the Early Stages of the COVID-Pandemic: A Systematic Scoping Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01585-y. [PMID: 37698747 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Human resilience to COVID-19 related stressors remains a pressing concern following the aftereffects of the pandemic and in the face of probable future pandemics. In response, we systematically scoped the available literature (n = 2030 records) to determine the nature and extent of research on emerging adults' adaptive responses to COVID-19 stressors in the early stages of the pandemic. Using a multisystem resilience framework, our narrative review of 48 eligible studies unpacks the personal, relational, institutional and/or physical ecological resources that enabled positive emerging adult outcomes to COVID-18 stressors. We found that there is a geographical bias in studies on this topic, with majority world contexts poorly represented. Resources leading to positive outcomes foregrounded psychological and social support, while institutional and ecological supports were seldom mentioned. Multisystemic combinations of resources were rarely considered. This knowledge has valuable implications for understanding resilience in the context of other large-scale adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Theron
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Groenkloof Campus, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - K Cockcroft
- Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Annalakshmi
- Psychology Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - J G Rodgers
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - T E Akinduyo
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Fouché
- Department of Social Wellbeing, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Liu Y, Chen J, Chen K, Liu J, Wang W. The associations between academic stress and depression among college students: A moderated chain mediation model of negative affect, sleep quality, and social support. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 239:104014. [PMID: 37633175 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing competition in tight job market and academic excellence as a social norm in Asian culture have made Chinese college students burdened with immense academic stress. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the associations between academic stress and depression, and the mediating roles of negative affect and sleep quality, as well as the moderating role of social support in the relationship between negative affect and sleep quality. METHODOLOGY A convenience sample of 221 male and 479 female college students aged between 17 and 25 completed questionnaires on academic stress, depression, negative affect, sleep quality and social support. RESULTS Results indicated that academic stress could not only directly affect depression (b = 0.31, p < 001), but also affect depression through the mediation role of negative affect and sleep quality. The chain mediating effects includes three paths, namely, the mediating role of negative affect (indirect effect = 0.21, percentage of total effect = 69.58 %), the mediating role of sleep quality (indirect effect = 0.06, percentage of total effect = 21.03 %), and the chain mediating role of negative affect and sleep quality (indirect effect = 0.06, percentage of total effect = 19.86 %). Social support moderated the adverse influence of negative affect on sleep quality. Social support decreases the impact of negative affect on sleep quality. Specifically, the association between negative affect and sleep quality was stronger for college students with low (bsimple = 0.44, p < 0.001) social support than those with high (bsimple = 0.32, p < 0.001) social support. IMPLICATIONS The results advanced our understanding of how academic stress affects college students' depression. These findings provide implications on the cultivation of stress coping strategies, promotion of emotion regulation skills, exaltation of sleep quality, and improvement of the social support level aiming for future depression preventions and interventions. Specific measures include setting up psychological health courses, teaching emotion management strategies, and establishing web-based programme steming from acceptance and commitment therapy. It should be noted that the cross-sectional design means the causal associations among the variables could not be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Liu
- Department of Education Policy and Leadership, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Educational, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Education Policy and Leadership, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Educational Technology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Journalism, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
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Dhruve DM, Russo JE, Oliveros AD. The impact of social support and emotion dysregulation on COVID-19 depressive symptoms. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1165889. [PMID: 37691798 PMCID: PMC10484516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1165889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stress resulting from the global COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to psychological consequences, such as depressive symptoms, for individuals worldwide. Outbreaks and pandemics are known to accentuate stressors or generate new ones owing to health-related worries, reduced mobility, and social activity due to quarantine, and sudden life changes. Although post-lockdown U.S. research findings suggest a greater risk of depression among 18- to 25-year-olds, familiarity with technology and virtual socializing may offer college students some protective effect, warranting research with such groups. Methods The current study thus explored emotion dysregulation (ED) and perceived social support (PSS) as potential mechanisms for the relationship between COVID-19 stress and depressive symptoms among students at a southern university in the United States. Participants (N = 489) completed a cross-sectional survey assessing their current levels of COVID-19 stress, ED, PSS, and depressive symptoms. Results Path analysis showed that PSS buffered the effect of ED on depressive symptoms. The results support the explanatory role of ED in the relationship between COVID-19 stress and depressive symptoms. Discussion The perceived social connection may be an essential factor for psychological outcomes during periods of stress and isolation, particularly for those reporting high ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali M. Dhruve
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
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Rajbhandari-Thapa J, Chiang K, Lee MC, Treankler A, Padilla H, Vall EA, Fedrick M. Depression and anxiety among college students at Historically Black and Predominantly White universities during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37487205 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2230297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess depression and anxiety among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with race. PARTICIPANTS Using a cross-sectional survey, depression and anxiety among college students at a Predominantly White (PWU) and a Historically Black University (HBU) during 2021 were evaluated. METHODS The patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), and self-reported sociodemographic characteristics were collected. Chi-square and logistic regression tests examined differences in depression and anxiety based on race. RESULTS Depression and anxiety among 3,102 students (87% female) were analyzed. Minority racial groups were associated with anxiety (p < 0.01) but not depression in the PWU. Moderately severe and severe depression was higher among the minority race at both the universities (1.76% compared to 0.53% at PWU, and 11.1% compared to 2.4% at HBU). CONCLUSIONS Depression and anxiety among college students is influenced by racial status. First-generation students were more likely to report depression in both HBU and PWU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Chiang
- College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mitchell Chen Lee
- College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Arial Treankler
- Counselling and Psychiatric Services, University Health Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Heather Padilla
- College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Sojindamanee N, Hongsanguansri S, Hataiyusuk S, Neelapaichit N, Suttapanit K, Jithavech P, Kiatrungrit K. Examining factors that drive health-related students to seek help for psychological challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 14:88-99. [PMID: 37486183 PMCID: PMC10693962 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.64a7.bffb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to find the prevalence of mental health problems and the rates of seeking mental health care among health-related students, as well as identifying factors associated with seeking mental health care. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among students from the Faculty of Medicine at a university in the 2021 academic year. A total of 832 students voluntarily completed an online survey measuring mental health problems and factors influencing mental health care seeking. Descriptive and analytic statistics including t-test, Pearson's chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis, were used to analyze the data. Results Among the participants, 46.80% (n = 389) reported experiencing mental health problems, but only 16.97% (n = 66) of them sought mental health care. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that female (OR = 2.63 (1.08 - 6.43)) and LGBTQ (OR = 4.26 (1.36 - 13.37)) students, and those with a positive attitude toward professionals (OR = 1.10 (1.02 - 0.19)), were more likely to seek formal mental health care than those who did not. Conclusions The study findings indicate that mental health problems are prevalent among health-related students, yet formal mental health care uptake is low. To address this issue, mental health screening programs, improved knowledge and attitudes about mental health care, and mental health training for academic staffs who work with health-related students are necessary. Future studies should explore interventions to increase the uptake of mental health services among health-related students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidwaree Sojindamanee
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital and National Institute for Child and Family Development, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirichai Hongsanguansri
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somboon Hataiyusuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nareemarn Neelapaichit
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Karn Suttapanit
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ponjit Jithavech
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Komsan Kiatrungrit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Li B, Ng K, Tong X, Zhou X, Ye J, Yu JJ. Physical activity and mental health in children and youth during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:92. [PMID: 37468975 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and universal mitigation strategies have fundamentally affected peoples' lives worldwide, particularly during the first two years of the pandemic. Reductions in physical activity (PA) and increased mental health (MH) problems among children and youth have been observed. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and mental health (MH) among children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Four electronic databases (EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to identify studies that (1) examined the relationship between PA and MH among children and youth (aged 2-24 years old) and (2) were published in peer-reviewed journals in English between January 2020 and December 2021. Relationships between PA and two MH aspects (i.e., negative and positive psychological responses) among children and youth at different age ranges and those with disabilities or chronic conditions (DCC) were synthesized. Meta-analyses were also performed for eligible studies to determine the pooled effect size. RESULTS A total of 58 studies were eventually included for variable categorization, with 32 eligible for meta-analyses. Our synthesis results showed that greater PA participation was strongly related to lower negative psychological responses (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, fatigue, and mental health problems) and higher positive psychological responses (i.e., general well-being and vigor) in children and youth during COVID-19. The pattern and strength of relations between PA and MH outcomes varied across age ranges and health conditions, with preschoolers and those with DCC receiving less attention in the existing research. Meta-analysis results showed that the magnitude of associations of PA with negative (Fisher's z = - 0.198, p < 0.001) and positive (Fisher's z = 0.170, p < 0.001) psychological responses among children and youth was weak. These results were linked to age of participants, study quality, and reporting of PA-related information. CONCLUSIONS PA participation and MH among children and youth deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic and were closely associated with each other. For the post-COVID-19 era, additional research on age- and health condition-specific relationships between PA and MH outcomes from a comprehensive perspective is warranted. (Word count: 344 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kwok Ng
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xiuhong Tong
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangchuan Ye
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jane Jie Yu
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Li L, Wang P, Li S, Liu Q, Yu F, Guo Z, Jia S, Wang X. Canonical correlation analysis of depression and anxiety symptoms among college students and their relationship with physical activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11516. [PMID: 37460562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the association between depression and anxiety symptoms among college students and the relationship between the two and physical activity. A cross-sectional study design was used to survey 1790 enrolled university students using the Depression Self-Rating Scale, Anxiety Self-Rating Scale and Physical Activity Rating Scale. 37.75% of male students and 39.73% of female students detected depressive symptoms, 17.65% of male students and 17.86% of female students detected anxiety symptoms, 11.89% of male students and 11.75% of female students detected both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Canonical correlation between depression and anxiety symptoms of college students were significant. The depression and anxiety score of college students in the high level group was significantly lower than that in the low and medium level groups, and no significant difference was found between the low and medium level groups. Affective disorder and anxious mood of male students correlated most closely with intensity, while somatic disorder, psychomotor disorder and depressive psychological disorder correlated most closely with duration. Affective disorder of female students correlated most closely with frequency, depressive psychological disorder and anxious mood correlated most closely with intensity, while premonition of misfortune and frequent urination correlated most closely with duration. Depression and anxiety symptoms of college students were closely related and co-occurrence was common. Students with high level of physical activity had milder symptoms. Different exercise interventions are recommended for different symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shufan Li
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Fen Yu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shuqi Jia
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Salman M, Shehzadi N, Mustafa ZU, Mallhi TH, Khan YH, Khan TM, Hussain K. Self-harm and suicidal ideation in Pakistani youth amid COVID-19 pandemic: findings of a large, cross-sectional study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2225-2233. [PMID: 36062630 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2119483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young people. COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated various factors which could lead to suicidal ideation. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess self-harm and suicidal ideation among university students in Pakistan. We conducted an online, cross-sectional study among students of four major Pakistani universities. The generalized anxiety scale and patient health questionnaire were used to screen students for anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation/self-harm. Suicidal ideation/self-harm was determined from the ninth-item (score ≥1) of the patient health questionnaire. Brief-COPE was used to assess coping methods. This study included 1134 respondents (age 21.76 ± 3.48 years; female 70.5%). Around 32% students reported having thoughts of death and/or self-harm in the past 2 weeks (several days 14.8%, over half the days 7.1%, and nearly every day 10.2%). Moreover, these thoughts were equally prevalent among the demographics. Suicidal ideation/self-harm was found to be increased by the severity of generalized anxiety and depression (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the rate of suicidal ideation/self-harm is alarmingly high in Pakistani university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a dire need to initiate the psychological measures to prevent suicidal behaviors in Pakistani youth. Addressing mental health disparities and preparing support systems to mitigate mental health consequences as the pandemic evolves will continue to be needed urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naureen Shehzadi
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacy Services, District Headquarter Hospital, Pakpattan, Pakistan
| | - Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusra Habib Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Hammoudi Halat D, Soltani A, Dalli R, Alsarraj L, Malki A. Understanding and Fostering Mental Health and Well-Being among University Faculty: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4425. [PMID: 37445459 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing recognition of mental health concerns in academia, with stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression being reported among faculty members. The demanding work environment, the need to balance personal and professional duties, and the constant pressure of productivity while navigating multiple tasks of teaching, research, mentorship, professional development, and service all impact the mental health and overall well-being of faculty. Higher education institutions have structurally changed as has the research landscape. These changes as well as faculty-specific and student-specific factors coupled to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to profound effects on the mental health of academics. This paper is a narrative review of the pertinent literature describing faculty mental health and well-being. It summarizes the available evidence on factors influencing faculty mental health and shows the prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout among faculty from various academic fields and along the whole academic ladder. Using a suggested framework that collates the efforts of leaders and faculty, the paper concludes by exploring strategies that promote work-life balance among academics and suggesting effective interventions to improve their mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Abderrezzaq Soltani
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Roua Dalli
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Lama Alsarraj
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Malki
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Küchler AM, Kählke F, Bantleon L, Terhorst Y, Ebert DD, Baumeister H. Moderators and mediators of change of an internet-based mindfulness intervention for college students: secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1179216. [PMID: 37441226 PMCID: PMC10333756 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1179216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Existing evidence suggests internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) improve depressive symptoms in college students effectively. However, there is far less knowledge about the potential mechanisms of change of mindfulness-based IMIs, which could contribute to optimizing target groups and interventions. Hence, within this secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT), potential moderators and mediators of the effectiveness of the IMI StudiCare Mindfulness were investigated. Methods Moderation and mediation analyses were based on secondary data from a RCT that examined the effectiveness of the 7-module IMI StudiCare Mindfulness in a sample of college students (intervention group: n = 217; waitlist control group: n = 127). Assessments were collected before (t0; baseline), 4 weeks after (t1; during intervention), and 8 weeks after (t2; post-intervention) randomization. Longitudinal mediation analyses using structural equation modeling were employed, with depressive symptom severity as the dependent variable. For moderation analyses, bilinear interaction models were calculated with depressive symptom severity and mindfulness at t2 as dependent variables. All data-analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Results Mediation analyses showed a significant, full mediation of the intervention effect on depressive symptom severity through mindfulness (indirect effect, a*b = 0.153, p < 0.01). Only the number of semesters (interaction: β = 0.24, p = 0.035) was found to moderate the intervention's effectiveness on depressive symptom severity at t2, and only baseline mindfulness (interaction: β = -0.20, p = 0.047) and baseline self-efficacy (interaction: β = -0.27, p = 0.012) were found to be significant moderators of the intervention effect on mindfulness at t2. Conclusion Our results suggest a mediating role of mindfulness. Moderation analyses demonstrated that the intervention improved depressive symptom severity and mindfulness independent of most examined baseline characteristics. Future confirmatory trials will need to support these findings. Clinical Trial Registration The trial was registered a priori at the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform via the German Clinical Studies Trial Register (TRN: DRKS00014774; registration date: 18 May 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Küchler
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fanny Kählke
- Department for Sport and Health Sciences, Professorship for Psychology & Digital Mental Health Care, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leandra Bantleon
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yannik Terhorst
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department for Sport and Health Sciences, Professorship for Psychology & Digital Mental Health Care, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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