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Hart NR. Paradoxes: Cholesterol and Hypoxia in Preeclampsia. Biomolecules 2024; 14:691. [PMID: 38927094 PMCID: PMC11201883 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disease of pregnancy of unknown etiology, is intensely studied as a model of cardiovascular disease (CVD) not only due to multiple shared pathologic elements but also because changes that develop over decades in CVD appear and resolve within days in preeclampsia. Those affected by preeclampsia and their offspring experience increased lifetime risks of CVD. At the systemic level, preeclampsia is characterized by increased cellular, membrane, and blood levels of cholesterol; however, cholesterol-dependent signaling, such as canonical Wnt/βcatenin, Hedgehog, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, is downregulated indicating a cholesterol deficit with the upregulation of cholesterol synthesis and efflux. Hypoxia-related signaling in preeclampsia also appears to be paradoxical with increased Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in the placenta but measurably increased oxygen in maternal blood in placental villous spaces. This review addresses the molecular mechanisms by which excessive systemic cholesterol and deficient cholesterol-dependent signaling may arise from the effects of dietary lipid variance and environmental membrane modifiers causing the cellular hypoxia that characterizes preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Hart
- PeaceHealth St. Joseph Medical Center, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
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2
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Kadam I, Dalloul M, Hausser J, Vaday D, Gilboa E, Wang L, Hittelman J, Hoepner L, Fordjour L, Chitamanni P, Saxena A, Jiang X. Role of one-carbon nutrient intake and diabetes during pregnancy in children's growth and neurodevelopment: A 2-year follow-up study of a prospective cohort. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1216-1223. [PMID: 38636347 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Both maternal metabolic dysregulation, e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and maternal supply of nutrients that participate in one-carbon (1C) metabolism, e.g., folate, choline, betaine, and vitamin B12, have been demonstrated to influence epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation, thereby exerting long-lasting impacts on growth and development of offspring. This study aimed to determine how maternal 1C nutrient intake was associated with DNA methylation and further, development of children, as well as whether maternal GDM status modified the association in a prospective cohort. METHODS In this study, women with (n = 18) and without (n = 20) GDM were recruited at 25-33 weeks gestation. Detailed dietary intake data was collected by 3-day 24-h dietary recall and nutrient levels in maternal blood were also assessed at enrollment. The maternal-child dyads were invited to participate in a 2-year follow-up during which anthropometric measurement and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development™ Screening Test (Third Edition) were conducted on children. The association between maternal 1C nutrients and children's developmental outcomes was analyzed with a generalized linear model controlling for maternal GDM status. RESULTS We found that children born to mothers with GDM had lower scores in the language domain of the Bayley test (p = 0.049). Higher maternal food folate and choline intakes were associated with better language scores in children (p = 0.01 and 0.025, respectively). Higher maternal food folate intakes were also associated with better cognitive scores in children (p = 0.002). Higher 1C nutrient intakes during pregnancy were associated with lower body weight of children at 2 years of age (p < 0.05). However, global DNA methylation of children's buccal cells was not associated with any maternal 1C nutrients. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, higher 1C nutrient intake during pregnancy was associated with lower body weight and better neurodevelopmental outcomes of children. This may help overcome the lower language scores seen in GDM-affected children in this cohort. Studies in larger cohorts and with a longer follow-up duration are needed to further delineate the relationship between prenatal 1C nutrient exposure, especially in GDM-affected pregnancies, and offspring health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isma'il Kadam
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mudar Dalloul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Jeanette Hausser
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Doron Vaday
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Ella Gilboa
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Human Health and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76711, USA
| | - Joan Hittelman
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Lori Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Lawrence Fordjour
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Pavani Chitamanni
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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3
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Ionescu MI, Zahiu CDM, Vlad A, Galos F, Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Zagrean AM, O'Mahony SM. Nurturing development: how a mother's nutrition shapes offspring's brain through the gut. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38781488 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2349336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a transformative period marked by profound physical and emotional changes, with far-reaching consequences for both mother and child. Emerging research has illustrated the pivotal role of a mother's diet during pregnancy in influencing the prenatal gut microbiome and subsequently shaping the neurodevelopment of her offspring. The intricate interplay between maternal gut health, nutrition, and neurodevelopmental outcomes has emerged as a captivating field of investigation within developmental science. Acting as a dynamic bridge between mother and fetus, the maternal gut microbiome, directly and indirectly, impacts the offspring's neurodevelopment through diverse pathways. This comprehensive review delves into a spectrum of studies, clarifying putative mechanisms through which maternal nutrition, by modulating the gut microbiota, orchestrates the early stages of brain development. Drawing insights from animal models and human cohorts, this work underscores the profound implications of maternal gut health for neurodevelopmental trajectories and offers a glimpse into the formulation of targeted interventions able to optimize the health of both mother and offspring. The prospect of tailored dietary recommendations for expectant mothers emerges as a promising and accessible intervention to foster the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, potentially leading to enhanced cognitive outcomes and reduced risks of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ioana Ionescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children's Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Denise Mihaela Zahiu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina Vlad
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Felicia Galos
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children's Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Section Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Section-ICUB, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Siobhain M O'Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Socha MW, Flis W, Wartęga M. Epigenetic Genome Modifications during Pregnancy: The Impact of Essential Nutritional Supplements on DNA Methylation. Nutrients 2024; 16:678. [PMID: 38474806 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is an extremely stressful period in a pregnant woman's life. Currently, women's awareness of the proper course of pregnancy and its possible complications is constantly growing. Therefore, a significant percentage of women increasingly reach for various dietary supplements during gestation. Some of the most popular substances included in multi-ingredient supplements are folic acid and choline. Those substances are associated with positive effects on fetal intrauterine development and fewer possible pregnancy-associated complications. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the impacts of specific environmental factors, such as diet, stress, physical activity, etc., on epigenetic modifications, understood as changes occurring in gene expression without the direct alteration of DNA sequences. Substances such as folic acid and choline may participate in epigenetic modifications by acting via a one-carbon cycle, leading to the methyl-group donor formation. Those nutrients may indirectly impact genome phenotype by influencing the process of DNA methylation. This review article presents the current state of knowledge on the use of folic acid and choline supplementation during pregnancy, taking into account their impacts on the maternal-fetal unit and possible pregnancy outcomes, and determining possible mechanisms of action, with particular emphasis on their possible impacts on epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej W Socha
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Adalbert's Hospital in Gdańsk, Copernicus Healthcare Entity, Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Flis
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Adalbert's Hospital in Gdańsk, Copernicus Healthcare Entity, Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wartęga
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Siegal K, Wekesa B, Custer E, Gatwaza TH, Uweh J, Niyonshuti M. A good egg: An evaluation of a social and behavior change communication campaign to increase egg consumption among children in Rwanda. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20:e13573. [PMID: 37830401 PMCID: PMC10750004 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Childhood malnutrition, which is endemic in rural areas of low-income countries, leads to a host of deleterious outcomes such as poor cognitive development, low educational attainment and lower lifetime wages. Promoting the consumption of eggs among young children has emerged as a promising strategy to combat childhood malnutrition, though pathways to scale remain unclear. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of a social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) campaign combined with a program in which rural families purchased chickens on credit (poultry + SBCC; n = 769) relative to an arm in which families only received the poultry intervention (poultry only; n = 750), using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy with propensity score matching. The SBCC consisted of radio messages, in-person training, text message reminders and posters. We found a relatively modest but statistically significant increase in the number of times per week respondents in the poultry + SBCC arm reported feeding eggs to children of 0.28 (p = 0.02) compared to the poultry-only arm. The increase in egg feeding, however, was more pronounced for boys (0.42, p < 0.01) than for girls (0.14, p = 0.26). In addition, the campaign increased egg feeding more for those who were already feeding eggs to children (0.63, p < 0.01) than those who were not engaging in those practices at baseline (0.26, p < 0.01). However, the difference in these differences was not statistically significant. Future campaigns should ensure higher saturation of messaging and include specific messaging around the importance of feeding girls as well as boys. Campaigns seeking to scale up egg feeding quickly could potentially target the easier-to-reach segment of caregivers who already occasionally feed eggs to children though these might not be the neediest group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Siegal
- One Acre FundKigaliRwanda
- George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Present address:
Mathematica Policy ResearchWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | - Emily Custer
- One Acre FundKakamegaKenya
- Stronger Foundations for NutritionWashingtonDCUSA
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Chalifour B, Holzhausen EA, Lim JJ, Yeo EN, Shen N, Jones DP, Peterson BS, Goran MI, Liang D, Alderete TL. The potential role of early life feeding patterns in shaping the infant fecal metabolome: implications for neurodevelopmental outcomes. NPJ METABOLIC HEALTH AND DISEASE 2023; 1:2. [PMID: 38299034 PMCID: PMC10828959 DOI: 10.1038/s44324-023-00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Infant fecal metabolomics can provide valuable insights into the associations of nutrition, dietary patterns, and health outcomes in early life. Breastmilk is typically classified as the best source of nutrition for nearly all infants. However, exclusive breastfeeding may not always be possible for all infants. This study aimed to characterize associations between levels of mixed breastfeeding and formula feeding, along with solid food consumption and the infant fecal metabolome at 1- and 6-months of age. As a secondary aim, we examined how feeding-associated metabolites may be associated with early life neurodevelopmental outcomes. Fecal samples were collected at 1- and 6-months, and metabolic features were assessed via untargeted liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Feeding groups were defined at 1-month as 1) exclusively breastfed, 2) breastfed >50% of feedings, or 3) formula fed ≥50% of feedings. Six-month groups were defined as majority breastmilk (>50%) or majority formula fed (≥50%) complemented by solid foods. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 2 years. Changes in the infant fecal metabolome were associated with feeding patterns at 1- and 6-months. Feeding patterns were associated with the intensities of a total of 57 fecal metabolites at 1-month and 25 metabolites at 6-months, which were either associated with increased breastmilk or increased formula feeding. Most breastmilk-associated metabolites, which are involved in lipid metabolism and cellular processes like cell signaling, were associated with higher neurodevelopmental scores, while formula-associated metabolites were associated with lower neurodevelopmental scores. These findings offer preliminary evidence that feeding patterns are associated with altered infant fecal metabolomes, which may be associated with cognitive development later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Chalifour
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | | | - Joseph J. Lim
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Emily N. Yeo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Natalie Shen
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | | | - Donghai Liang
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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Swartz TH, Bradford BJ, Mamedova LK, Estes KA. Effects of dietary rumen-protected choline supplementation to periparturient dairy cattle on inflammation, metabolism, and performance during an intramammary lipopolysaccharide challenge. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8561-8582. [PMID: 37500444 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that dietary rumen-protected choline (RPC) supplementation can modulate immune function, attenuate inflammation, and improve performance in periparturient dairy cattle; however, this has yet to be evaluated during a mastitis challenge. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of supplementation and dose of RPC on metabolism, inflammation, and performance during an intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Parous Holstein cows (parity, mean ± SD, 1.9 ± 1.1 at enrollment) were blocked by calving month and randomly assigned within block to receive either 45 g/d of RPC (20.4 g/d of choline ions; CHOL45, n = 18), 30 g/d of RPC (13.6 g/d of choline ions; CHOL30, n = 21), or no RPC (CON, n = 19) as a top-dress starting 24 d before expected calving until 21 d postpartum. Cows were alternately assigned within treatment group to either receive an intramammary LPS challenge (200 μg in each rear quarter; Escherichia coli O111:B4) or not at 17 DIM. Before the challenge, CHOL45 and CHOL30 cows produced 3.4 and 3.8 (±1.2 SED) kg/d more milk than CON, respectively. Dietary RPC supplementation did not mitigate the milk loss associated with the intramammary LPS challenge; however, CHOL45 and CHOL30 cows produced 3.1 and 3.5 (±1.4 SED) kg/d more milk than CON, respectively in the carryover period (22 to 84 DIM). Dietary RPC supplementation enhanced plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations before the LPS challenge, and increased plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and acetylcarnitine concentrations during the LPS challenge, potentially reflecting greater adipose tissue mobilization, fatty acid transport and oxidation. Aside from trimethylamine N-oxide and sarcosine, which were increased in CHOL45-LPS as compared with CON-LPS, most other choline metabolite concentrations in plasma were unaffected by treatment, likely because more choline was being secreted in milk. Plasma lactic acid concentrations were decreased in CHOL45-LPS and CHOL30-LPS as compared with CON-LPS, suggesting a reduction in glycolysis or an enhancement in the flux through the lactic acid cycle to support gluconeogenesis. Plasma concentrations of fumaric acid, a byproduct of AA catabolism and the urea cycle, were increased in both choline groups as compared with CON-LPS during the LPS challenge. Cows in the CHOL45 group had greater plasma antioxidant potential before the LPS challenge and reduced plasma methionine sulfoxide concentrations during the LPS challenge compared with CON-LPS, suggesting an improvement in oxidant status. Nevertheless, concentrations of inflammatory markers such as haptoglobin and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were not affected by treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that the effects of dietary RPC supplementation on milk yield could be mediated through metabolic pathways and are unlikely to be related to the resolution of inflammation in periparturient dairy cattle. Lastly, dose responses to dietary RPC supplementation were not found for various economically important outcomes including milk yield, limiting the justification for feeding a greater dietary RPC dose in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Swartz
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007.
| | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
| | - L K Mamedova
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - K A Estes
- Balchem Corporation, Montvale, NJ 07645
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Minarski M, Maas C, Heinrich C, Böckmann KA, Bernhard W, Shunova A, Poets CF, Franz AR. Choline and Betaine Levels in Plasma Mirror Choline Intake in Very Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2023; 15:4758. [PMID: 38004152 PMCID: PMC10675502 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is essential for cell membrane formation and methyl transfer reactions, impacting parenchymal and neurological development. It is therefore enriched via placental transfer, and fetal plasma concentrations are high. In spite of the greater needs of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI), choline content of breast milk after preterm delivery is lower (median (p25-75): 158 mg/L (61-360 mg/L) compared to term delivery (258 mg/L (142-343 mg/L)). Even preterm formula or fortified breast milk currently provide insufficient choline to achieve physiological plasma concentrations. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing growth of VLBWI with different levels of enteral protein supply aimed to investigate whether increased enteral choline intake results in increased plasma choline, betaine and phosphatidylcholine concentrations. We measured total choline content of breast milk from 33 mothers of 34 VLBWI. Enteral choline intake from administered breast milk, formula and fortifier was related to the respective plasma choline, betaine and phosphatidylcholine concentrations. Plasma choline and betaine levels in VLBWI correlated directly with enteral choline intake, but administered choline was insufficient to achieve physiological (fetus-like) concentrations. Hence, optimizing maternal choline status, and the choline content of milk and fortifiers, is suggested to increase plasma concentrations of choline, ameliorate the choline deficit and improve growth and long-term development of VLBWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Minarski
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Christoph Maas
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Christine Heinrich
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Katrin A. Böckmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Bernhard
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Anna Shunova
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Christian F. Poets
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
| | - Axel R. Franz
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.B.)
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Jiang X, Hu Z, Qiu X, Wu L, Zhou R, Yang Y, Xiang X. Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, a Traditional Chinese Edible Medicinal Herb, Promotes Neuronal Differentiation, and the Morphological Maturation of Newborn Neurons in Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:7480. [PMID: 38005201 PMCID: PMC10672746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the adult brain comprises the entire set of events of neuronal development. It begins with the division of precursor cells to form a mature, integrated, and functioning neuronal network. Adult neurogenesis is believed to play an important role in animals' cognitive abilities, including learning and memory. In the present study, significant neuronal differentiation-promoting activity of 80% (v/v) ethanol extract of P. cocos (EEPC) was found in Neuro-2a cells and mouse cortical neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Subsequently, a total of 97 compounds in EEPC were identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS. Among them, four major compounds-Adenosine; Choline; Ethyl palmitoleate; and L-(-)-arabinitol-were further studied for their neuronal differentiation-promoting activity. Of which, choline has the most significant neuronal differentiation-promoting activity, indicating that choline, as the main bioactive compound in P. cocos, may have a positive effect on learning and memory functions. Compared with similar research literature, this is the first time that the neuronal differentiation-promoting effects of P. cocos extract have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; (X.J.); (Z.H.); (X.Q.); (L.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China
| | - Zhaotun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; (X.J.); (Z.H.); (X.Q.); (L.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; (X.J.); (Z.H.); (X.Q.); (L.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Liming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; (X.J.); (Z.H.); (X.Q.); (L.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; (X.J.); (Z.H.); (X.Q.); (L.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yaoyao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; (X.J.); (Z.H.); (X.Q.); (L.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiaoliang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China; (X.J.); (Z.H.); (X.Q.); (L.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Higher Education Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing Research on Mountain Ecological Food, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China
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Crawford SA, Brown AR, Teruel Camargo J, Kerling EH, Carlson SE, Gajewski BJ, Sullivan DK, Valentine CJ. Micronutrient Gaps and Supplement Use in a Diverse Cohort of Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:3228. [PMID: 37513643 PMCID: PMC10383608 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrition in pregnancy is critical to impact not only fetal growth and development but also long-term physical and psychiatric health outcomes. OBJECTIVE Estimate micronutrient intake from food and dietary supplements in a diverse cohort of pregnant women and compare intake to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). DESIGN Secondary analysis of women enrolled in a multi-site clinical trial of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation who provided their dietary intake using the diet history questionnaire-II (n = 843) or multiple 24 h recalls (n = 178) at baseline and their intake of nutritional supplements at baseline through 30 days postpartum. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING 1021 participants from the parent trial who had reliable data for dietary intake, supplement intake, or both. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Micronutrient intake from dietary and supplement sources and percentage of intakes meeting the DRIs for pregnancy. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Percent of participants whose intake was below the estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) and above the tolerable upper limit (UL). RESULTS Dietary intakes of choline, folate, iron, vitamin D, zinc, vitamin E, magnesium, and potassium, were below the AI or EAR for 30-91% of the participants; thiamin and vitamin B6 were also below the AI or EAR for non-Hispanic/Latina women. Supplement intake improved the intake for most; however, 80% of the group remained below the AI for choline and 52.5% for potassium while 30% remained below the EAR for magnesium. Folate and iron intakes were above the UL for 80% and 19%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplements, despite their variability, allowed the majority of this cohort of pregnant women to achieve adequate intakes for most micronutrients. Choline, magnesium, and potassium were exceptions. Of interest, folate intake was above the tolerable UL for the majority and iron for 16.8% of the participants. Clinicians have the opportunity to address the most common nutrient deficits and limits with advice on food sources that provide choline, magnesium, and potassium and to ensure folate is not overabundant. More research is needed to determine if these findings are similar in a cross-sectional population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Crawford
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Alexandra R Brown
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Juliana Teruel Camargo
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Kerling
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Byron J Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Christina J Valentine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Banner University Medical Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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11
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Potts SB, Brady KM, Scholte CM, Moyes KM, Sunny NE, Erdman RA. Rumen-protected choline and methionine during the periparturient period affect choline metabolites, amino acids, and hepatic expression of genes associated with one-carbon and lipid metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00230-8. [PMID: 37173256 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Feeding supplemental choline and Met during the periparturient period can have positive effects on cow performance; however, the mechanisms by which these nutrients affect performance and metabolism are unclear. The objective of this experiment was to determine if providing rumen-protected choline, rumen-protected Met, or both during the periparturient period modifies the choline metabolitic profile of plasma and milk, plasma AA, and hepatic mRNA expression of genes associated with choline, Met, and lipid metabolism. Cows (25 primiparous, 29 multiparous) were blocked by expected calving date and parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: control (no rumen-protected choline or rumen-protected Met); CHO (13 g/d choline ion); MET (9 g/d DL-methionine prepartum; 13.5 g/d DL-methionine, postpartum); or CHO + MET. Treatments were applied daily as a top dress from ~21 d prepartum through 35 d in milk (DIM). On the day of treatment enrollment (d -19 ± 2 relative to calving), blood samples were collected for covariate measurements. At 7 and 14 DIM, samples of blood and milk were collected for analysis of choline metabolites, including 16 species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 4 species of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Blood was also analyzed for AA concentrations. Liver samples collected from multiparous cows on the day of treatment enrollment and at 7 DIM were used for gene expression analysis. There was no consistent effect of CHO or MET on milk or plasma free choline, betaine, sphingomyelin, or glycerophosphocholine. However, CHO increased milk secretion of total LPC irrespective of MET for multiparous cows and in absence of MET for primiparous cows. Furthermore, CHO increased or tended to increase milk secretion of LPC 16:0, LPC 18:1, and LPC 18:0 for primi- and multiparous cows, although the response varied with MET supplementation. Feeding CHO also increased plasma concentrations of LPC 16:0 and LPC 18:1 in absence of MET for multiparous cows. Although milk secretion of total PC was unaffected, CHO and MET increased secretion of 6 and 5 individual PC species for multiparous cows, respectively. Plasma concentrations of total PC and individual PC species were unaffected by CHO or MET for multiparous cows, but MET reduced total PC and 11 PC species during wk 2 postpartum for primiparous cows. Feeding MET consistently increased plasma Met concentrations for both primi- and multiparous cows. Additionally, MET decreased plasma serine concentrations during wk 2 postpartum and increased plasma phenylalanine in absence of CHO for multiparous cows. In absence of MET, CHO tended to increase hepatic mRNA levels of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase and phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1 choline, α, but tended to decrease expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 2 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α irrespective of MET. Although shifts in the milk and plasma PC profile were subtle and inconsistent between primi- and multiparous cows, gene expression results suggest that supplemental choline plays a probable role in promoting the cytidine diphosphate-choline and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase pathways. However, interactive effects suggest that this response depends on Met availability, which may explain the inconsistent results observed among studies when supplemental choline is fed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Potts
- Western Maryland Research and Education Center, University of Maryland Extension, Keedysville 21756.
| | - K M Brady
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - C M Scholte
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - K M Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - N E Sunny
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - R A Erdman
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
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12
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Liu Y, Qiao W, Liu Y, Zhao J, Liu Q, Yang K, Zhang M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Chen L. Quantification of phospholipids and glycerides in human milk using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Front Chem 2023; 10:1101557. [PMID: 36700070 PMCID: PMC9868747 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk lipids, which are an important source of energy and affect growth and development of infants, require a comprehensive method for its qualitative and quantitative analysis. This work describes a method for the analysis of phospholipids, glycerides, free fatty acids and gangliosides in human milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography using a C18 column with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS). The lipids were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and phospholipids were separated by solid phase extraction (SPE). The chromatographic columns with two different specifications (4.6 mm × 150 mm, and 3 mm × 50 mm) were used to detect phospholipids and glycerides in human milk, respectively. The sphingolipids and glycerides were analyzed in positive ion mode, and the glycerophospholipids and free fatty acids were analyzed in negative ion mode. Both internal and external standards were used for absolute quantification in this experiment. 483 species of lipids, including phospholipids, glycerides, free fatty acids and gangliosides, in human milk were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS with high sensitivity and good linearity, with coefficient of correlation above 0.99, the relative standard deviation of accuracy and precision less than 10%. The results in a large number of human milk samples showed that this method was suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids in human milk, even for other mammalian milk and infant formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yanpin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lijun Chen,
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13
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Choudhary D, Rideout TC, Cameron CE, Lehman HK, Oken E, Rifas-Shiman SL, Wen X. Egg Introduction during Infancy is Associated with Lower Fat Mass Index in Females at Early Adolescence. J Nutr 2023; 153:158-166. [PMID: 36913449 PMCID: PMC10196582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg consumption may play an important role in early-life growth given their high-quality protein, essential fatty acids, and micronutrients. OBJECTIVES Study objectives were to examine the longitudinal associations of infant age at egg introduction with obesity outcomes in early childhood, middle childhood (mid-childhood), and early adolescence. METHODS We used existing data from 1089 mother-child dyads from Project Viva to estimate age at egg introduction through a questionnaire completed by mothers at ∼1 y postpartum (mean ± SD, 13.3 ± 1.2 mo). Outcome measures included height and weight (early childhood, mid-childhood, and early adolescence), body composition including total fat mass, trunk fat mass, and lean mass (mid-childhood and early adolescence), and plasma adiponectin and leptin (early and mid-childhood and early adolescence). We defined childhood obesity as sex- and age-specific BMI ≥ 95th percentile. We estimated the associations of infant age at egg introduction with risk of obesity using multivariable logistic regression and multivariable linear regression models for BMI-z-score, body composition measures, and adiposity hormones; adjusted for maternal prepregnancy BMI and sociodemographics. RESULTS Among females, those introduced to egg by the 1-y survey had a lower total fat mass index (confounder-adjusted mean difference, -1.23 kg/m2; 95% CI: -2.14, -0.31), and trunk fat mass index (confounder-adjusted mean difference, -0.57 kg/m2; 95% CI: -1.01, -0.12) in early adolescence compared to those not introduced (reference group). However, no associations between infant age at egg introduction and risk of obesity were observed among males (confounder-adjusted odd ratio [aOR], 1.97; 95% CI: 0.90, 4.30) or females (aOR, 0.68; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.24) across all ages. Egg introduction in infancy was associated with lower plasma adiponectin among females (confounder-adjusted mean difference, -1.93 μg/mL; 95% CI: -3.70, -0.16) in early childhood only. CONCLUSIONS Egg introduction during infancy among females is associated with lower total fat mass index in early adolescence and plasma adiponectin in early childhood. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02820402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Choudhary
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Claire E Cameron
- Department of Learning & Instruction, Graduate School of Education, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Heather K Lehman
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Wen
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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14
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Jing W, Huang S, Xiang P, Huang J, Yu H. Dietary precursors and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1061119. [PMID: 36844729 PMCID: PMC9947469 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Dietary precursor has been identified as a contributor in the development of cardiovascular disease. However, it is inconsistent if dietary precursors could affect the process of cardiovascular disease. Methods Here we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of the data from genome-wide association study of European ancestry to evaluate the independent effects of three dietary precursors on cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), and valvular disease (VHD). Inverse variance weighting method was used for the MR estimation. Sensitivity was determined by MR-PRESSO analysis, weighted median analysis, MR-Egger analysis, and Leave-one-out analysis. Results We found that elevated choline level had a causal relationship with VHD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.087, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.003-1.178, P = 0.041] and MI (OR = 1.250, 95% CI, 1.041-1.501, P = 0.017) by single-variable MR analysis. Furthermore, elevated carnitine level was associated with MI (OR = 5.007, 95% CI, 1.693-14.808, P = 0.004) and HF (OR = 2.176, 95% CI, 1.252-3.780, P = 0.006) risk. In addition, elevated phosphatidylcholine level can increase the risk of MI (OR = 1.197, 95% CI, 1.026-1.397, P = 0.022). Conclusion Our data show that choline increases VHD or MI risk, carnitine increases the risk of MI or HF, and phosphatidylcholine increases HF risk. These findings suggest the possibility that decrease in choline level in circulation may be able to reduce overall VHD or MI risk, reduce in carnitine level could be decrease MI and HF risks as well as decrease in phosphatidylcholine could reduce MI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwei Jing
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shushi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiniu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Yu,
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15
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Wolfer JD, Minkoff BB, Sussman MR. Mass spectrometric based analysis of whole eggs dissolved in formic acid. Food Chem 2022; 405:134846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Swartz T, Bradford B, Lemke M, Mamedova L, Agnew R, Fehn J, Owczarzak E, McGill J, Estes K. Effects of prenatal dietary rumen-protected choline supplementation during late gestation on calf growth, metabolism, and vaccine response. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9639-9651. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Ghuman A, McEwen A, Tran KH, Mitchell N, Hanstock C, Seres P, Jhangri G, Burgess D, Baker G, Le Melledo JM. Prospective Investigation of Glutamate Levels and Percentage Gray Matter in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Females at Risk for Postpartum Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1988-2000. [PMID: 35236264 PMCID: PMC9886796 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The substantial female hormone fluctuations associated with pregnancy and postpartum have been linked to a greater risk of developing depressive symptoms, particularly in high-risk women (HRW), i.e. those with histories of mood sensitivity to female hormone fluctuations. We have shown that glutamate (Glu) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) decrease during perimenopause, a period of increased risk of developing a major depressive episode. Our team has also demonstrated that percentage gray matter (%GM), another neural correlate of maternal brain health, decreases in the MPFC during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE To investigate MPFC Glu levels and %GM from late pregnancy up to 7 weeks postpartum in HRW and healthy pregnant women (HPW). METHODS Single-voxel spectra were acquired from the MPFC of 41 HPW and 22 HRW using 3- Tesla in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at five different time points. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant interaction between time and group for the metabolite Glu, with Glu levels being lower for HRW during pregnancy and early postpartum (p<0.05). MPFC %GM was initially lower during pregnancy and then significantly increased over time in both groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSION This investigation suggests that the vulnerability towards PPD is associated with unique fluctuations of MPFC Glu levels during pregnancy and early postpartum period. Our results also suggest that the decline in MPFC %GM associated with pregnancy seems to progressively recover over time. Further investigations are needed to determine the specific role that female hormones play on the physiological changes in %GM during pregnancy and postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Ghuman
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Psychiatry, Room 1E7.14, 8440 112 street Walter Mackenzie Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2B7; Tel: 780-407-6578; Fax: 780-407-6672; E-mail:
| | - Alyssa McEwen
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Psychiatry, Room 1E7.14, 8440 112 street Walter Mackenzie Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2B7; Tel: 780-407-6578; Fax: 780-407-6672; E-mail:
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18
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Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2022; 8:4. [PMID: 35818085 PMCID: PMC9275129 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood levels of most vitamins decrease during pregnancy if un-supplemented, including vitamins A, C, D, K, B1, B3, B5, B6, folate, biotin, and B12. Sub-optimal intake of vitamins from preconception through pregnancy increases the risk of many pregnancy complications and infant health problems. In the U.S., dietary intake of vitamins is often below recommended intakes, especially for vitamin D, choline and DHA. Many studies suggest that insufficient vitamin intake is associated with a wide range of pregnancy complications (anemia, Cesarean section, depression, gestational diabetes, hypertension, infertility, preeclampsia, and premature rupture of membranes) and infant health problems (asthma/wheeze, autism, low birth weight, congenital heart defects, intellectual development, intrauterine growth restriction, miscarriage, neural tube defects, orofacial defects, and preterm birth). The primary goal of this paper is to review the research literature and propose evidence-based recommendations for the optimal level of prenatal supplementation for each vitamin for most women in the United States. A secondary goal was to compare these new recommendations with the levels of vitamins in over 180 commercial prenatal supplements. The analysis found that prenatal supplements vary widely in content, often contained only a subset of essential vitamins, and the levels were often below our recommendations. This suggests that increasing prenatal vitamin supplementation to the levels recommended here may reduce the incidence of many pregnancy complications and infant health problems which currently occur.
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19
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Study on the characteristics of glycerides and phospholipids in human milk from Tibet. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Yang MT, Lan QY, Liang X, Mao YY, Cai XK, Tian F, Liu ZY, Li X, Zhao YR, Zhu HL. Lactational Changes of Phospholipids Content and Composition in Chinese Breast Milk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081539. [PMID: 35458100 PMCID: PMC9030290 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are pivotal polar lipids in human milk and essential for infants’ growth and development, especially in the brain and cognitive development. Its content and composition are affected by multiple factors and there exist discrepancies in different studies. In this study, we determined five major phospholipids classes (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin) in 2270 human milk samples collected from 0 to 400 days postpartum in six regions of China. The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was performed to quantify the phospholipids. Total phospholipid median (IQR) content was in a range between 170.38 ± 96.52 mg/L to 195.69 ± 81.80 mg/L during lactation and was higher concentrated in colostrum milk and later stage of lactation (after 200 days postpartum) compared with that in the samples collected between 10 to 45 days postpartum. Variations in five major sub-class phospholipids content were also observed across lactation stages (phosphatidylethanolamine: 52.61 ± 29.05 to 59.95 ± 41.74 mg/L; phosphatidylinositol: 17.65 ± 10.68 to 20.38 ± 8.55 mg/L; phosphatidylserine: 15.98 ± 9.02 to 22.77 ± 11.17 mg/L; phosphatidylcholine: 34.13 ± 25.33 to 48.64 ± 19.73 mg/L; sphingomyelin: 41.35 ± 20.31 to 54.79 ± 35.26 mg/L). Phosphatidylethanolamine (29.18–32.52%), phosphatidylcholine (19.90–25.04%) and sphingomyelin (22.39–29.17%) were the dominant sub-class phospholipids in Chinese breast milk during the whole lactation period. These results updated phospholipids data in Chinese human milk and could provide evidence for better development of secure and effective human milk surrogates for infants without access to breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tao Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiu-Ye Lan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China;
| | - Ying-Yi Mao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiao-Kun Cai
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Fang Tian
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhao-Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Yan-Rong Zhao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-R.Z.); (H.-L.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-2082-2472 (Y.-R.Z.); +86-20-8733-1811 (H.-L.Z.)
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-R.Z.); (H.-L.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-2082-2472 (Y.-R.Z.); +86-20-8733-1811 (H.-L.Z.)
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SAMe, Choline, and Valproic Acid as Possible Epigenetic Drugs: Their Effects in Pregnancy with a Special Emphasis on Animal Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020192. [PMID: 35215304 PMCID: PMC8879727 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the functions and main effects on pregnancy outcomes of three agents that have the ability to induce epigenetic modifications: valproic acid (VPA), a well-known teratogen that is a histone deacetylase inhibitor; S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the most effective methyl donor; and choline, an important micronutrient involved in the one methyl group cycle and in the synthesis of SAMe. Our aim was to describe the possible effects of these compounds when administered during pregnancy on the developing embryo and fetus or, if administered postnatally, their effects on the developing child. These substances are able to modify gene expression and possibly alleviate neurobehavioral changes in disturbances that have epigenetic origins, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, Rett syndrome, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Valproic acid and SAMe are antagonistic epigenetic modulators whether administered in utero or postnatally. However, VPA is a major human teratogen and, whenever possible, should not be used by pregnant women. Most currently relevant data come from experimental animal studies that aimed to explore the possibility of using these substances as epigenetic modifiers and possible therapeutic agents. In experimental animals, each of these substances was able to alleviate the severity of several well-known diseases by inducing changes in the expression of affected genes or by other yet unknown mechanisms. We believe that additional studies are needed to further explore the possibility of using these substances, and similar compounds, for the treatment of ”epigenetic human diseases”.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:1985-2001. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Taesuwan S, McDougall MQ, Malysheva OV, Bender E, Nevins JEH, Devapatla S, Vidavalur R, Caudill MA, Klatt KC. Choline metabolome response to prenatal choline supplementation across pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22063. [PMID: 34820909 PMCID: PMC10911820 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101401rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy places a unique stress upon choline metabolism, requiring adaptations to support both maternal and fetal requirements. The impact of pregnancy and prenatal choline supplementation on choline and its metabolome in free-living, healthy adults is relatively uncharacterized. This study investigated the effect of prenatal choline supplementation on maternal and fetal biomarkers of choline metabolism among free-living pregnant persons consuming self-selected diets. Participants were randomized to supplemental choline (as choline chloride) intakes of 550 mg/d (500 mg/d d0-choline + 50 mg/d methyl-d9-choline; intervention) or 25 mg/d d9-choline (control) from gestational week (GW) 12-16 until Delivery. Fasting blood and 24-h urine samples were obtained at study Visit 1 (GW 12-16), Visit 2 (GW 20-24), and Visit 3 (GW 28-32). At Delivery, maternal and cord blood and placental tissue samples were collected. Participants randomized to 550 (vs. 25) mg supplemental choline/d achieved higher (p < .05) plasma concentrations of free choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingomyelin at one or more study timepoint. Betaine was most responsive to prenatal choline supplementation with increases (p ≤ .001) in maternal plasma observed at Visit 2-Delivery (relative to Visit 1 and control), as well as in the placenta and cord plasma. Notably, greater plasma enrichments of d3-PC and LDL-C were observed in the intervention (vs. control) group, indicating enhanced PC synthesis through the de novo phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase pathway and lipid export. Overall, these data show that prenatal choline supplementation profoundly alters the choline metabolome, supporting pregnancy-related metabolic adaptations and revealing biomarkers for use in nutritional assessment and monitoring during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraphat Taesuwan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Olga V. Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Erica Bender
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Julie E. H. Nevins
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Marie A. Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kevin C. Klatt
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Glutamate levels in the medial prefrontal cortex of healthy pregnant women compared to non-pregnant controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105382. [PMID: 34419762 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Very little is known about maternal cerebral changes during pregnancy. Since there is an increased risk for major depression during pregnancy and postpartum, it is important to understand the structural and neurochemical changes that occur in the brain during pregnancy. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) (3 T field strength), glutamate (Glu) levels were measured in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) of 21 healthy gravid subjects 2-3 weeks before their due date (6.74 ± 1.39), and in 14 non-pregnant healthy controls during their follicular phase (8.53 ± 1.55). Water quantified MPFC Glu levels were decreased in pregnant women (p < 0.01). We also observed a 13.9% decrease in percentage grey matter (%GM) (p < 0.01) in our MPFC voxel. As Glu is mostly found in GM, we repeated the statistical analysis after adjustment for %GM and found that the difference in Glu levels was no longer statistically significant when adjusted for %GM (p = 0.10). This investigation is the only systematic direct investigation of brain tissue composition and Glu levels in pregnant women. The main finding of this investigation is the decreased %GM in healthy pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women. These findings of decreased %GM in pregnancy may be responsible for the frequent complaints by pregnant women of cognitive difficulties also described as pregnesia.
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Estrada-Cortés E, Ortiz W, Rabaglino MB, Block J, Rae O, Jannaman EA, Xiao Y, Hansen PJ. Choline acts during preimplantation development of the bovine embryo to program postnatal growth and alter muscle DNA methylation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21926. [PMID: 34533870 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100991r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The preimplantation period of embryonic development can be a key window for programming of postnatal development because extensive epigenetic remodeling occurs during this time. It was hypothesized that modification of one-carbon metabolism of the bovine embryo by addition of the methyl-donor choline to culture medium would change postnatal phenotype through epigenetic modification. Embryos produced in vitro were cultured with 1.8 mM choline chloride or control medium. Blastocysts were transferred into females and pregnancy outcomes and postnatal phenotype of the resultant calves determined. Exposure of embryos to choline increased gestation length and calf birth weight. Calves derived from choline-treated embryos were also heavier at weaning and had increased ratio of body weight to hip height than control calves. Choline altered muscle DNA methylation of calves 4 months after birth. A total of 670 of the 8149 CpG examined were differentially methylated, with the predominant effect of choline being hypomethylation. Among the genes associated with differentially methylated CpG were ribosomal RNAs and genes in AMPK, mTOR, integrin, and BEX2 canonical pathways and cellular functions involved in growth and proliferation. Results demonstrate that provision of the methyl-donor choline to the preimplantation embryo can alter its developmental program to increase gestation length, birth weight, and weaning weight and cause postnatal changes in muscle DNA methylation including those associated with genes related to anabolic processes and cellular growth. The importance of the nutritional status of the embryo with respect to one-carbon metabolism for ensuring health and well-being after birth is emphasized by these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliab Estrada-Cortés
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Campo Experimental Centro Altos de Jalisco, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Mexico
| | - William Ortiz
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maria B Rabaglino
- Quantitative Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeremy Block
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Owen Rae
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jannaman
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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26
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Bragg MG, Prado EL, Stewart CP. Choline and docosahexaenoic acid during the first 1000 days and children's health and development in low- and middle-income countries. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:656-676. [PMID: 34338760 PMCID: PMC8907485 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline and DHA are nutrients that, when provided during the first 1000 days from conception to age 2 years, may have beneficial effects on child neurodevelopment as well as related health factors, including birth outcomes and child growth, morbidity, and inflammation. Because these nutrients are found mainly in animal-source foods, they may be lacking in the diets of pregnant and lactating women and young children in low- and middle-income countries, potentially putting children at risk for suboptimal development and health. Prior reviews of these nutrients have mainly focused on studies from high-income countries. Here, a narrative review is presented of studies describing the pre- and postnatal roles of choline, docosahexaenoic acid, and a combination of the 2 nutrients on child neurodevelopment, birth outcomes, growth, morbidity, and inflammation in low- and middle-income countries. More studies are needed to understand the specific, long-term effects of perinatal choline and docosahexaenoic acid intake in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G Bragg
- M.G. Bragg, E.L. Prado, and C.P. Stewart are with the Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Prado
- M.G. Bragg, E.L. Prado, and C.P. Stewart are with the Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Christine P Stewart
- M.G. Bragg, E.L. Prado, and C.P. Stewart are with the Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
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Differential metabolism of choline supplements in adult volunteers. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:219-230. [PMID: 34287673 PMCID: PMC8783899 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate intake of choline is essential for growth and homeostasis, but its supply does often not meet requirements. Choline deficiency decreases phosphatidylcholine (PC) and betaine synthesis, resulting in organ pathology, especially of liver, lung, and brain. This is of particular clinical importance in preterm infants and cystic fibrosis patients. We compared four different choline supplements for their impact on plasma concentration and kinetics of choline, betaine as a methyl donor and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) as a marker of bacterial degradation prior to absorption. METHODS Prospective randomized cross-over study (1/2020-4/2020) in six healthy adult men. Participants received a single dose of 550 mg/d choline equivalent in the form of choline chloride, choline bitartrate, α-glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and egg-PC in randomized sequence at least 1 week apart. Blood was taken from t = - 0.1-6 h after supplement intake. Choline, betaine, TMAO, and total PC concentrations were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results are shown as medians and interquartile range. RESULTS There was no difference in the AUC of choline plasma concentrations after intake of the different supplements. Individual plasma kinetics of choline and betaine differed and concentrations peaked latest for PC (at ≈3 h). All supplements similarly increased plasma betaine. All water-soluble supplements rapidly increased TMAO, whereas egg-PC did not. CONCLUSION All supplements tested rapidly increased choline and betaine levels to a similar extent, with egg-PC showing the latest peak. Assuming that TMAO may have undesirable effects, egg-PC might be best suited for choline supplementation in adults. STUDY REGISTRATION This study was registered at "Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien" (DRKS) (German Register for Clinical Studies), 17.01.2020, DRKS00020454.
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28
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Olson A, Zhang F, Cao H, Baranova A, Slavin M. In silico Gene Set and Pathway Enrichment Analyses Highlight Involvement of Ion Transport in Cholinergic Pathways in Autism: Rationale for Nutritional Intervention. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:648410. [PMID: 33958984 PMCID: PMC8093449 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.648410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food is the primary human source of choline, an essential precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which has a central role in signaling pathways that govern sensorimotor functions. Most Americans do not consume their recommended amount of dietary choline, and populations with neurodevelopmental conditions like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be particularly vulnerable to consequences of choline deficiency. This study aimed to identify a relationship between ASD and cholinergic signaling through gene set enrichment analysis and interrogation of existing database evidence to produce a systems biology model. In gene set enrichment analysis, two gene ontologies were identified as overlapping for autism-related and for cholinergic pathways-related functions, both involving ion transport regulation. Subsequent modeling of ion transport intensive cholinergic signaling pathways highlighted the importance of two genes with autism-associated variants: GABBR1, which codes for the gamma aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAB 1), and KCNN2, which codes for calcium-activated, potassium ion transporting SK2 channels responsible for membrane repolarization after cholinergic binding/signal transmission events. Cholinergic signal transmission pathways related to these proteins were examined in the Pathway Studio environment. The ion transport ontological associations indicated feasibility of a dietary choline support as a low-risk therapeutic intervention capable of modulating cholinergic sensory signaling in autism. Further research at the intersection of dietary status and sensory function in autism is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Olson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margaret Slavin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
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29
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Miyachi Y, Akiyama K, Tsukuda Y, Kumrungsee T, Yanaka N. Liver choline metabolism and gene expression in choline-deficient mice offspring differ with gender. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:447-451. [PMID: 33604639 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Choline is an important nutrient during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal choline deficiency in CD-1 mice lowers liver betaine levels in male offspring. By contrast, it increases elovl3 and vanin-1 mRNA levels in female offspring. Taken together, these observations suggest gender-specific responses to a choline-deficient diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Miyachi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Akiyama
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tsukuda
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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30
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Hammoud R, Pannia E, Kubant R, Wasek B, Bottiglieri T, Malysheva OV, Caudill MA, Anderson GH. Choline and Folic Acid in Diets Consumed during Pregnancy Interact to Program Food Intake and Metabolic Regulation of Male Wistar Rat Offspring. J Nutr 2021; 151:857-865. [PMID: 33561219 PMCID: PMC8030718 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND North American women consume high folic acid (FA), but most are not meeting the adequate intakes for choline. High-FA gestational diets induce an obesogenic phenotype in rat offspring. It is unclear if imbalances between FA and other methyl-nutrients (i.e., choline) account for these effects. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the interaction of choline and FA in gestational diets on food intake, body weight, one-carbon metabolism, and hypothalamic gene expression in male Wistar rat offspring. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were fed an AIN-93G diet with recommended choline and FA [RCRF; 1-fold, control] or high (5-fold) FA with choline at 0.5-fold [low choline and high folic acid (LCHF)], 1-fold [recommended choline and high folic acid (RCHF)], or 2.5-fold [high choline and high folic acid (HCHF)]. Male offspring were weaned to an RCRF diet for 20 wk. Food intake, weight gain, plasma energy-regulatory hormones, brain and plasma one-carbon metabolites, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in pup hypothalamuses were assessed. RESULTS Adult offspring from LCHF and RCHF, but not HCHF, gestational diets had 10% higher food intake and weight gain than controls (P < 0.01). HCHF newborn pups had lower plasma insulin and leptin compared with LCHF and RCHF pups (P < 0.05), respectively. Pup brain choline (P < 0.05) and betaine (P < 0.01) were 22-33% higher in HCHF pups compared with LCHF pups; methionine was ∼23% lower after all high FA diets compared with RCRF (P < 0.01). LCHF adult offspring had lower brain choline (P < 0.05) than all groups and lower plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (P < 0.05) than RCRF and RCHF groups. HCHF adult offspring had lower plasma cystathionine (P < 0.05) than LCHF adult offspring and lower homocysteine (P < 0.01) than RCHF and RCRF adult offspring. RNA-seq identified 144 differentially expressed genes in the hypothalamus of HCHF newborns compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Increased choline in gestational diets modified the programming effects of high FA on long-term food intake regulation, plasma energy-regulatory hormones, one-carbon metabolism, and hypothalamic gene expression in male Wistar rat offspring, emphasizing a need for more attention to the choline and FA balance in maternal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Hammoud
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emanuela Pannia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruslan Kubant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandi Wasek
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Olga V Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Zhao J, Liu Q, Liu Y, Qiao W, Yang K, Jiang T, Hou J, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Lin T, Li N, Chen L. Quantitative profiling of glycerides, glycerophosphatides and sphingolipids in Chinese human milk with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2020; 346:128857. [PMID: 33373822 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human milk lipids are an important energy source and essential nutrients for the growth and development of infants. The UPLC/Q-TOF-MS was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze human milk lipids. Totally, 411 species of lipids were identified, in which the content of OPL was generally higher than that of OPO; SM (75.38 mg/L, 40.39%), PE (51.12 mg/L, 27.39%) and PC (40.10 mg/L, 21.49%) had the highest contents among polar lipids, mainly including SM42:2:2 (22.24 mg/L), PE36:2 (C18:0-C18:2, 21.39 mg/L) and PC36:2 (C18:0-C18:2, 19.80 mg/L). In human milk, TAG56:7 (137.14 mg/L), TAG56:8 (59.49 mg/L), TAG58:8 (65.90 mg/L) and TAG58:9 (49.99 mg/L) were the main sources of AA and DHA; PE was an important source of AA and DHA in polar lipids; and linoleic acyl in glycerides and phospholipids had higher contents than other polyunsaturated fatty acyls. These results provided the scientific basis for the simulation of human milk at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China
| | - Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China
| | - Kai Yang
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, PR China
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hao Zhou
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China
| | - Tie Lin
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, PR China.
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Choline Content of Term and Preterm Infant Formulae Compared to Expressed Breast Milk-How Do We Justify the Discrepancies? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123815. [PMID: 33322176 PMCID: PMC7763895 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline/phosphatidylcholine concentrations are tightly regulated in all organs and secretions. During rapid organ growth in the third trimester, choline requirement is particularly high. Adequate choline intake is 17–18 mg/kg/day in term infants, whereas ~50–60 mg/kg/day is required to achieve fetal plasma concentrations in preterm infants. Whereas free choline is supplied via the placenta, other choline carriers characterize enteral feeding. We therefore quantified the concentrations and types of choline carriers and choline-related components in various infant formulae and fortifiers compared to breast milk, and calculated the supply at full feeds (150 mL/kg/day) using tandem mass spectrometry. Choline concentration in formula ranged from values below to far above that of breastmilk. Humana 0-VLB (2015: 60.7 mg/150 mL; 2020: 27.3 mg/150 mL), Aptamil-Prematil (2020: 34.7 mg/150 mL), Aptamil-Prematil HA (2020: 37.6 mg/150 mL) for preterm infants with weights < 1800 g, and Humana 0 (2020: 41.6 mg/150 mL) for those > 1800 g, comprised the highest values in formulae studied. Formulae mostly were rich in free choline or phosphatidylcholine rather than glycerophosphocholine and phosphocholine (predominating in human milk). Most formulae (150 mL/kg/day) do not supply the amounts and physiologic components of choline required to achieve fetal plasma choline concentrations. A revision of choline content in formulae and breast milk fortifiers and a clear declaration of the choline components in formulae is required to enable informed choices.
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Nakanishi M, Funahashi N, Fukuoka H, Nammo T, Sato Y, Yoshihara H, Oishi H, Tanaka M, Yano T, Minoura S, Kato N, Yasuda K. Effects of maternal and fetal choline concentrations on the fetal growth and placental DNA methylation of 12 target genes related to fetal growth, adipogenesis, and energy metabolism. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 47:734-744. [PMID: 33300271 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM We performed a birth cohort study involving 124 mother-infant pairs to investigate whether placental DNA methylation is associated with maternal choline status and fetal development. METHODS Plasma choline concentration was assayed longitudinally in the 1st and 3rd trimesters and at term-pregnancy in mothers and cord blood. Placental DNA methylation was measured for 12 target candidate genes that are related to fetal growth, adipogenesis, lipid and energy metabolism, or long interspersed nuclear elements. RESULTS Higher maternal plasma and cord blood choline levels at term tended to associate with lower birthweight (r = -0.246, P < 0.013; r = -0.290, P < 0.002) and body mass index (BMI) at birth (r = 0.344, P < 1E-3; r = -0.360, P < 1E-3). The correlation between maternal plasma choline level and cord blood choline level was relatively modest (r = 0.049, P = 0.639). There was an inverse correlation between placental DNA methylation at the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA) gene and maternal plasma choline level (r = -0.188 to r = -0.452, P = 0.043 to P < 1E-3 at three points). RXRA methylation level was positively associated with birthweight and BMI at birth (r = 0.306, P = 0.001; r = 0.390, P < 1E-3). Further, RXRA methylation was inversely correlated with RXRA gene expression level (r = 0.333, P < 1E-3). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the association between maternal choline status and placental RXRA methylation represents a potential fetal programing mechanism contributing to fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misao Nakanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Funahashi
- Department of Metabolic Disorder, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cancer Cell Research, Research Institute, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideoki Fukuoka
- Department of Innovation Research, Waseda University Comprehensive Research Organization, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Progressive DOHaD Research, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takao Nammo
- Department of Metabolic Disorder, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Tatedebari Sato Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hajime Yoshihara
- Japan Community Health Care Organization, Sagamino Hospital Center of Perinatal Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Oishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Yamate Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Minoura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinjuku City Medical Association Residents' Health Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yasuda
- Department of Metabolic Disorder, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Passarelli S, Ambikapathi R, Gunaratna NS, Madzorera I, Canavan CR, Noor AR, Worku A, Berhane Y, Abdelmenan S, Sibanda S, Munthali B, Madzivhandila T, Sibanda LM, Geremew K, Dessie T, Abegaz S, Assefa G, Sudfeld C, McConnell M, Davison K, Fawzi W. A Chicken Production Intervention and Additional Nutrition Behavior Change Component Increased Child Growth in Ethiopia: A Cluster-Randomized Trial. J Nutr 2020; 150:2806-2817. [PMID: 32652012 PMCID: PMC7549301 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken production in the context of nutrition-sensitive agriculture may benefit child nutrition in low-income settings. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated effects of 1) a chicken production intervention [African Chicken Genetic Gains (ACGG)], and 2) the ACGG intervention with nutrition-sensitive behavior change communication (BCC) [ACGG + Agriculture to Nutrition (ATONU)], on child nutrition and health outcomes and hypothesized intermediaries. METHODS Forty ACGG villages received 25 genetically improved chickens and basic husbandry guidance; of these, 20 ACGG + ATONU villages in addition received a nutrition-sensitive behavior change and homegardening intervention; 20 control clusters received no intervention. We assessed effects of the interventions on height-for-age z scores (HAZ), weight-for-age z scores (WAZ), and weight-for-height z scores (WHZ) at 9 (midline) and 18 mo (endline) through unadjusted and adjusted ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions. We examined the interventions' effects on hypothesized intermediaries including egg production and consumption, dietary diversity, women's empowerment, income, child morbidities, anemia, and chicken management practices through OLS and log binomial models. RESULTS Data included 829 children aged 0-36 mo at baseline. ACGG + ATONU children had higher midline HAZ [mean difference (MD): 0.28; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.54] than controls. The ACGG group had higher HAZ (MD: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.50) and higher WAZ (MD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.36) at endline than controls; after adjusting for potential baseline imbalance, effects were similar but not statistically significant. At endline, differences in ACGG + ATONU children's HAZ and WAZ compared with controls were similar in magnitude to those of ACGG, but not statistically significant. There were no differences in anthropometry between the intervention groups. ACGG + ATONU children had higher dietary diversity and egg consumption than ACGG children at endline. Both interventions showed improvements in chicken management practices. The interventions did not increase anemia, diarrhea, fever, or vomiting, and the ACGG + ATONU group at midline showed reduced risk of fever. CONCLUSIONS A chicken production intervention with or without nutrition-sensitive BCC may have benefited child nutrition and did not increase morbidity.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03152227.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Passarelli
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramya Ambikapathi
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Isabel Madzorera
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chelsey R Canavan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdallah R Noor
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amare Worku
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Simbarashe Sibanda
- Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bertha Munthali
- Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Lindiwe M Sibanda
- Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Abegaz
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getnet Assefa
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Christopher Sudfeld
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret McConnell
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Black MM, Trude ACB, Lutter CK. All Children Thrive: Integration of Nutrition and Early Childhood Development. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:375-406. [PMID: 32966185 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-120219-023757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Building on the successes of child survival, we review the evidence needed to ensure both that children who survive also thrive and that recommendations promote equity, with no child left behind. To illustrate the critical roles played by nutrition and child development, we revise the Conceptual Framework for the Causes of Malnutrition and Death and the Nurturing Care Framework to create the Conceptual Framework of All Children Surviving and Thriving. The revised framework highlights the goals of child growth and development, supported by health, nutrition, learning, responsive caregiving, and security and safety. We review the challenges posed by undernutrition, stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, overweight, and children not reaching their developmental potential. Although integrated nutrition-childhood development interventions have shown promising effects, most have not been implemented at scale. Implementation science that investigates how and why integrated interventions work in real life, along with the acceptability, feasibility, cost, coverage, and sustainability of the interventions, is needed to ensure equity for all children thriving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen M Black
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA;
| | - Angela C B Trude
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA;
| | - Chessa K Lutter
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.,Department of Family Science, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Arias N, Arboleya S, Allison J, Kaliszewska A, Higarza SG, Gueimonde M, Arias JL. The Relationship between Choline Bioavailability from Diet, Intestinal Microbiota Composition, and Its Modulation of Human Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082340. [PMID: 32764281 PMCID: PMC7468957 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is a water-soluble nutrient essential for human life. Gut microbial metabolism of choline results in the production of trimethylamine (TMA), which, upon absorption by the host is converted into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in the liver. A high accumulation of both components is related to cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and chronic kidney disease. However, the relationship between the microbiota production of these components and its impact on these diseases still remains unknown. In this review, we will address which microbes contribute to TMA production in the human gut, the extent to which host factors (e.g., the genotype) and diet affect TMA production, and the colonization of these microbes and the reversal of dysbiosis as a therapy for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Arias
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (S.G.H.); (J.L.A.)
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (S.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Joseph Allison
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kaliszewska
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Sara G. Higarza
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (S.G.H.); (J.L.A.)
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo, s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (S.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Jorge L. Arias
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (S.G.H.); (J.L.A.)
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo, s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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37
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Serum choline in extremely preterm infants declines with increasing parenteral nutrition. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1081-1089. [PMID: 32588218 PMCID: PMC7900091 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Choline is an essential nutrient for fetal and infant growth and development. Parenteral nutrition used in neonatal care lack free choline but contain small amounts of lipid-bound choline in the form of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Here, we examined the longitudinal development of serum free choline and metabolically related compounds betaine and methionine in extremely preterm infants and how the concentrations were affected by the proportion of parenteral fluids the infants received during the first 28 postnatal days (PNDs).
Methods This prospective study included 87 infants born at gestational age (GA) < 28 weeks. Infant serum samples were collected PND 1, 7, 14, and 28, and at postmenstrual age (PMA) 32, 36, and 40 weeks. The serum concentrations of free choline, betaine, and methionine were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Results The median (25th–75th percentile) serum concentrations of free choline, betaine, and methionine were 33.7 (26.2–41.2), 71.2 (53.2–100.8), and 25.6 (16.4–35.3) µM, respectively, at PND 1. The choline concentration decreased rapidly between PND one and PND seven [18.4 (14.1–26.4) µM], and then increased over the next 90 days, though never reaching PND one levels. There was a negative correlation between a high intake of parenteral fluids and serum-free choline.
Conclusion Circulating free choline in extremely preterm infants is negatively affected by the proportion of parenteral fluids administered. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02760472, April 29, 2016, retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02312-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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38
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Derbyshire E, Obeid R. Choline, Neurological Development and Brain Function: A Systematic Review Focusing on the First 1000 Days. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1731. [PMID: 32531929 PMCID: PMC7352907 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The foundations of neurodevelopment across an individual's lifespan are established in the first 1000 days of life (2 years). During this period an adequate supply of nutrients are essential for proper neurodevelopment and lifelong brain function. Of these, evidence for choline has been building but has not been widely collated using systematic approaches. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to identify the animal and human studies looking at inter-relationships between choline, neurological development, and brain function during the first 1000 days of life. The database PubMed was used, and reference lists were searched. In total, 813 publications were subject to the title/abstract review, and 38 animal and 16 human studies were included after evaluation. Findings suggest that supplementing the maternal or child's diet with choline over the first 1000 days of life could subsequently: (1) support normal brain development (animal and human evidence), (2) protect against neural and metabolic insults, particularly when the fetus is exposed to alcohol (animal and human evidence), and (3) improve neural and cognitive functioning (animal evidence). Overall, most offspring would benefit from increased choline supply during the first 1000 days of life, particularly in relation to helping facilitate normal brain development. Health policies and guidelines should consider re-evaluation to help communicate and impart potential choline benefits through diet and/or supplementation approaches across this critical life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of the Saarland, Building 57, 66424 Homburg, Germany;
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Li Y, Freedman R. Prospects for improving future mental health of children through prenatal maternal micronutrient supplementation in China. Pediatr Investig 2020; 4:118-126. [PMID: 32851355 PMCID: PMC7331361 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal micronutrients in pregnant women's diets, including supplements, have an essential role in fetal brain development and may reduce the risk of mental disorders in offspring. Folic acid, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and choline have been investigated for this purpose. Folic acid supplementation throughout pregnancy has well-established positive effects. Vitamin D, administered to the mother before birth or to the newborn, has also been shown to reduce the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy have a more uncertain role, with recent trials questioning a beneficial effect on cognition and attention deficit disorder, despite positive effects on prematurity and neonatal wheezing prevention. Choline supplementation is associated with positive effects on cognition and behavior, including early behaviors associated with the development of autism and schizophrenia. There is no experience yet with COVID-19, but adverse effects on fetal brain development of most common coronaviruses are mitigated by higher choline levels. Maternal dietary supplementation of nutrients is a benign and inexpensive intervention in pregnancy to prevent life-long disability from mental illness. Use of dietary supplements in poorer, rural areas of China is below recommendations. Physicians, midwives, and public health officials in China can promote prenatal nutrient supplementation to reduce the future burden of mental illnesses that might be prevented before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of PsychiatryBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Robert Freedman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
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40
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Tsukahara T, Haniu H, Uemura T, Matsuda Y. Porcine liver decomposition product-derived lysophospholipids promote microglial activation in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3748. [PMID: 32111938 PMCID: PMC7048828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments such as dementia are common in later life, and have been suggested to occur via a range of mechanisms, including oxidative stress, age-related changes to cellular metabolism, and a loss of phospholipids (PLs) from neuronal membranes. PLs are a class of amphipathic lipids that form plasma membrane lipid bilayers, and that occur at high concentrations in neuronal membranes. Our previous study suggested that a porcine liver decomposition product (PLDP) produced via protease treatment may improve cognitive function at older ages, by acting as a rich source of PLs and lysophospholipids (LPLs); however, its specific composition remains unclear. Thus, the present study used a novel liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) protocol to identify the major PLs and LPLs in PLDP. Furthermore, it assessed the effect of identified LPLs on microglial activation in vitro, including cell shape, proliferation, and cell morphology. The results of the conducted analyses showed that PLDP and PLDP-derived LPLs concentration-dependently modulate microglial activation in vitro. In particular, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentration-dependently promotes cell morphology, likely via effects mediated by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX), since inhibiting ATX also promoted cell morphology, while conversely, increasing ATX production (via treatment with high levels of LPC) abolished this effect. These findings suggest that LPC is likely neuroprotective, and thus, support the importance of further research to assess its use as a therapeutic target to treat age-related cognitive impairments, including dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Division of Gene Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
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Mahfuz M, Alam MA, Das S, Fahim SM, Hossain MS, Petri WA, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Ahmed T. Daily Supplementation With Egg, Cow Milk, and Multiple Micronutrients Increases Linear Growth of Young Children with Short Stature. J Nutr 2020; 150:394-403. [PMID: 31665385 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood stunting is the most prevalent public health nutrition problem in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether daily supplementation in 12-18-mo-old undernourished Bangladeshi children with egg, cow milk, and multiple micronutrients improves linear growth. METHODS In the Bangladesh Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (BEED) study, a community-based intervention study, 12-18-mo-old children with length-for-age z score (LAZ) <1 were supplemented daily with an egg and 150 mL of milk for 90 feeding days, and 1 sachet of multiple micronutrient powder was provided daily for 60 feeding days. The change in LAZ over this period was compared with that in children of the same age and same baseline LAZ who were enrolled in the recently completed Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health (MAL-ED) Dhaka birth cohort study conducted in the same community where no nutrition intervention was provided. Difference-in-difference (DID) analysis was done and the effect size was adjusted for other possible covariates using a generalized estimating equation in a regression model. RESULTS A total of 472 children with LAZ <1 completed the intervention and data were available for 174 children in the comparison group. Compared with the comparison group, adjusted DID analysis revealed a change in LAZ in the intervention group of +0.23 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.29; P < 0.05). In a subgroup analysis, the changes were +0.27 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.35; P < 0.05) in stunted (LAZ <2) children and +0.19 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.27; P < 0.05) in children at risk of stunting (LAZ -1 to -2). No allergic reactions or other adverse events related to milk and egg consumption were observed. CONCLUSIONS Daily directly observed milk, egg, and multiple micronutrient supplementation may improve linear growth of stunted children. A randomized controlled trial with longer duration of supplementation coupled with an additional intervention aimed at reducing pathogen burden is warranted to confirm these results. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02812615.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Mahfuz
- icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Per Ashorn
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
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Beluska-Turkan K, Korczak R, Hartell B, Moskal K, Maukonen J, Alexander DE, Salem N, Harkness L, Ayad W, Szaro J, Zhang K, Siriwardhana N. Nutritional Gaps and Supplementation in the First 1000 Days. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2891. [PMID: 31783636 PMCID: PMC6949907 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimized nutrition during the first 1000 days (from conception through the 2nd birthday) is critical for healthy development and a healthy life for the newborn. Pregnancy and the postpartum period are accompanied by physiological changes, increased energy needs, and changing requirements in the nutrients critical for optimal growth and development. Infants and toddlers also experience physiological changes and have specific nutritional needs. Food and nutrition experts can provide women of childbearing age with adequate dietary advice to optimize nutrition, as well as guidance on selecting appropriate dietary supplements. Considering the approaching 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) will be making specific recommendations for children, it is important to provide accurate scientific information to support health influencers in the field of nutrition. The purpose of this review is to summarize the nutrition and supplementation literature for the first 1000 days; to highlight nutritional and knowledge gaps; and to educate nutrition influencers to provide thoughtful guidance to mothers and families. Optimal nutrition during pregnancy through early childhood is critical for supporting a healthy life. Nutrition influencers, such as dietitians, obstetricians/gynecologists, and other relevant health professionals, should continue guiding supplement and food intake and work closely with expectant families and nutrition gatekeepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Beluska-Turkan
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Renee Korczak
- Premier Nutrition, LLC, Bernardsville, NJ 07924, USA;
| | - Beth Hartell
- PearTree Nutrition, LLC, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;
| | - Kristin Moskal
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | | | | | - Norman Salem
- DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045, USA;
| | - Laura Harkness
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Wafaa Ayad
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jacalyn Szaro
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Nalin Siriwardhana
- Church & Dwight, Co., Inc., Product Development Nutritional Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; (K.B.-T.); (K.M.); (L.H.); (W.A.); (J.S.); (K.Z.)
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Natural Choline from Egg Yolk Phospholipids Is More Efficiently Absorbed Compared with Choline Bitartrate; Outcomes of A Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112758. [PMID: 31766273 PMCID: PMC6893749 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is a vitamin-like essential nutrient, important throughout one’s lifespan. Therefore, choline salts are added to infant formula, supplements and functional foods. However, if choline is present in a natural form, e.g. bound to phospholipids, it may be more efficiently absorbed. The study’s aim was to evaluate if choline uptake is improved after consumption of an egg yolk phospholipid drink, containing 3 g of phospholipid bound choline, compared to a control drink with 3 g of choline bitartrate. We performed a randomized, double blind, cross-over trial with 18 participants. Plasma choline, betaine and dimethylglycine concentrations were determined before and up to six hours after consumption of the drinks. The plasma choline response, as determined by the incremental area under the curve, was four times higher after consumption of the egg yolk phospholipid drink compared with the control drink (p < 0.01). Similar outcomes were also observed for choline’s main metabolites, betaine (p < 0.01) and dimethylglycine (p = 0.01). Consumption of natural choline from egg yolk phospholipids improved choline absorption compared to consumption of chemically produced choline bitartrate. This information is of relevance for the food industry, instead of adding choline-salts, adding choline from egg yolk phospholipids can improve choline uptake and positively impact health.
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Derbyshire E. Could we be overlooking a potential choline crisis in the United Kingdom? BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2019; 2:86-89. [PMID: 33235962 PMCID: PMC7664488 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2019-000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Chen H, Peng L, Pérez de Nanclares M, Trudeau MP, Yao D, Cheng Z, Urriola PE, Mydland LT, Shurson GC, Overland M, Chen C. Identification of Sinapine-Derived Choline from a Rapeseed Diet as a Source of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7748-7754. [PMID: 31203621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Choline and its metabolites have diverse and important functions in many physiological processes, especially for anabolic metabolism in growth and reproduction. Besides endogenous biosynthesis and direct choline supplement, choline esters in the diet are another source of choline in the body. Phenolic choline esters are a group of unique dietary choline esters rich in the seeds of Brassicaceae plants, among which sinapine is a choline ester of sinapic acid abundant in rapeseed. In this study, 40 nursery pigs were fed with rapeseed-derived feed ingredients (RSF) or soybean meal for 3 weeks (20 pigs/diet). The metabolic fate of sinapine-derived choline in RSF was examined by comparing the distribution of choline and its metabolites in digesta, liver, and serum samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results showed that choline was released from extensive hydrolysis of sinapine in the small intestine. However, sinapine-derived choline did not increase the levels of choline and its major metabolites, including betaine, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine, in the liver and serum. Instead, RSF feeding increased trimethylamine (TMA), the microbial metabolite of choline, in the large intestine and further increased trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the oxidation metabolite of TMA, in the liver and serum. Overall, these results suggested that sinapine-derived choline from rapeseed feeding had limited influences on the post-absorption choline pool as a result of its low bioavailability but may serve as a major source of TMAO through microbial metabolism in nursery pigs. Improving the bioavailability of sinapine-derived choline might have the potential to modify the nutritional values and functionalities of rapeseed meal in swine feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Peng
- Department of Food Science , Yichun University , Yichun , Jiangxi 336000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Marta Pérez de Nanclares
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , 1430 Ås , Norway
| | | | | | - Zaixing Cheng
- College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , People's Republic of China
| | | | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , 1430 Ås , Norway
| | | | - Margareth Overland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , 1430 Ås , Norway
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Schnefke CH, Lutter CK, Thuita F, Webale A, Flax VL, Bentley ME. Is It Possible to Promote Egg Consumption During Pregnancy? Findings From a Study on Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices in Kenya. Food Nutr Bull 2019; 40:151-170. [DOI: 10.1177/0379572119839516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Eggs are nutrient rich and have the potential to improve maternal nutrition during pregnancy and birth outcomes, but cultural beliefs may inhibit consumption during pregnancy. Objective: To understand knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices, facilitators, and barriers related to consuming eggs during pregnancy in Kenya. Methods: The study had 3 phases. Phase I included in-depth interviews and free-listing and pile-sorting exercises with pregnant women (n = 36), husbands (n = 12), and mothers-in-law (n = 12) of pregnant women, and health providers (n = 24). Phase II involved egg preparation exercises with pregnant women (n = 39). Phase III involved a weeklong trial of egg consumption with pregnant women (n = 24). We used thematic content analysis methods to analyze qualitative data and tabulated quantitative data. Results: All participants recognized eggs as nutritious for pregnant women; 25% of pregnant women consumed eggs the previous day. However, participants believed eating too many eggs during pregnancy (1 or more eggs daily) leads to a large baby and delivery complications. Unaffordability and unavailability also inhibit consumption. Health workers are the most trusted source of information on maternal nutrition. Almost all women complied with the household trial, said they would continue eating eggs and would recommend eggs to other pregnant women in moderation. Conclusions: Although participants believed consuming eggs during pregnancy is beneficial, cultural norms, practices, and beliefs may prevent pregnant women from eating them daily. Interpersonal communication from health workers and agricultural policies to promote affordability could lead to increased consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney H. Schnefke
- RTI International, Food, Nutrition and Obesity Policy Research Program Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chessa K. Lutter
- RTI International, Food Security and Agriculture Division, Washington, DC, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Faith Thuita
- School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Albert Webale
- Nutrition Consultancy, Training and Research Associates, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Valerie L. Flax
- RTI International, Food, Nutrition and Obesity Policy Research Program Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Margaret E. Bentley
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Choline and DHA in Maternal and Infant Nutrition: Synergistic Implications in Brain and Eye Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051125. [PMID: 31117180 PMCID: PMC6566660 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight current insights into the roles of choline and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in maternal and infant nutrition, with special emphasis on dietary recommendations, gaps in dietary intake, and synergistic implications of both nutrients in infant brain and eye development. Adequate choline and DHA intakes are not being met by the vast majority of US adults, and even more so by women of child-bearing age. Choline and DHA play a significant role in infant brain and eye development, with inadequate intakes leading to visual and neurocognitive deficits. Emerging findings illustrate synergistic interactions between choline and DHA, indicating that insufficient intakes of one or both could have lifelong deleterious impacts on both maternal and infant health.
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Maternal betaine status, but not that of choline or methionine, is inversely associated with infant birth weight. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1279-1286. [PMID: 30837009 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maternal one-carbon metabolism during pregnancy is crucial for fetal development and programming by DNA methylation. However, evidence on one-carbon biomarkers other than folate is lacking. We, therefore, investigated whether maternal plasma methyl donors, that is, choline, betaine and methionine, are associated with birth outcomes. Blood samples were obtained from 115 women during gestation (median 26·3 weeks, 90 % range 22·7-33·0 weeks). Plasma choline, betaine, methionine and dimethylglycine were measured using HPLC-tandem MS. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between plasma biomarkers and birth weight, birth length, the risk of small-for-gestational-age and large-for-gestational-age (LGA). Higher level of maternal betaine was associated with lower birth weight (-130·3 (95 % CI -244·8, -15·9) per 1 sd increment for log-transformed betaine). Higher maternal methionine was associated with lower risk of LGA, and adjusted OR, with 95 % CI for 1 sd increase in methionine concentration was 0·44 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·89). Stratified analyses according to infant sex or maternal plasma homocysteine status showed that reduction in birth weight in relation to maternal betaine was only limited to male infants or to who had higher maternal homocysteine status (≥5·1 µmol/l). Higher maternal betaine status was associated with reduced birth weight. Maternal methionine was inversely associated with LGA risk. These findings are needed to be replicated in future larger studies.
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The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diet during Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Offspring. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030557. [PMID: 30845641 PMCID: PMC6470702 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetarian and vegan diets have increased worldwide in the last decades, according to the knowledge that they might prevent coronary heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Althought plant-based diets are at risk of nutritional deficiencies such as proteins, iron, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, omega-3, and vitamin B12, the available evidence shows that well planned vegetarian and vegan diets may be considered safe during pregnancy and lactation, but they require a strong awareness for a balanced intake of key nutrients. A review of the scientific literature in this field was performed, focusing specifically on observational studies in humans, in order to investigate protective effects elicited by maternal diets enriched in plant-derived foods and possible unfavorable outcomes related to micronutrients deficiencies and their impact on fetal development. A design of pregestational nutrition intervention is required in order to avoid maternal undernutrition and consequent impaired fetal growth.
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Maternal Choline Supplementation Modulates Placental Markers of Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Placental Insufficiency. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020374. [PMID: 30759768 PMCID: PMC6412879 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dlx3 (distal-less homeobox 3) haploinsufficiency in mice has been shown to result in restricted fetal growth and placental defects. We previously showed that maternal choline supplementation (4X versus 1X choline) in the Dlx3+/− mouse increased fetal and placental growth in mid-gestation. The current study sought to test the hypothesis that prenatal choline would modulate indicators of placenta function and development. Pregnant Dlx3+/− mice consuming 1X (control), 2X, or 4X choline from conception were sacrificed at embryonic (E) days E10.5, E12.5, E15.5, and E18.5, and placentas and embryos were harvested. Data were analyzed separately for each gestational day controlling for litter size, fetal genotype (except for models including only +/− pups), and fetal sex (except when data were stratified by this variable). 4X choline tended to increase (p < 0.1) placental labyrinth size at E10.5 and decrease (p < 0.05) placental apoptosis at E12.5. Choline supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) expression of pro-angiogenic genes Eng (E10.5, E12.5, and E15.5), and Vegf (E12.5, E15.5); and pro-inflammatory genes Il1b (at E15.5 and 18.5), Tnfα (at E12.5) and Nfκb (at E15.5) in a fetal sex-dependent manner. These findings provide support for a modulatory effect of maternal choline supplementation on biomarkers of placental function and development in a mouse model of placental insufficiency.
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