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Burrow-Sánchez JJ, R Ratcliff B. The Influence of Risk and Protective Factors on Adolescent Alcohol, Cannabis, and Electronic Cigarette Use. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2022; 43:801-821. [PMID: 36301450 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The misuse of substances by adolescents is a serious public health concern in the United States, and the three most used substances by adolescents are alcohol, cannabis, and electronic cigarettes. In accordance with the Social Development Model, a better understanding of the risk and protective factors across these three substances can assist in predicting potential substance use as well as strategies for prevention. The purpose of the current study is to examine the similar or differential influence that a specific set of risk and protective factors (i.e., favorable attitudes toward substance use, perceived risk of harm, peer substance use, interaction with prosocial peers, parental favorable attitudes toward substance use, family management, perceived availability substances, and rewards for prosocial involvement) have on past 30-day alcohol, cannabis, and e-cigarette use by adolescents. The present study is based on a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Prevention Needs Assessment Survey, which is administered every two years in the State of Utah to a large sample of students in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 grades. A subsample of students (n = 44,728) was included in the present analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine the predictive relation for the set of four risk and four protective factors on past 30-day use of alcohol, cannabis, and e-cigarette use. In general, the results indicated that endorsement of the four risk factors predicted increases in the use of each substance whereas endorsement of the four protective factors predicted decreases in use. Implications of these findings suggest that there may be more similarities in risk and protective factors across alcohol, cannabis, and electronic cigarettes than between them. In addition, this study adds to the budding literature on the risk and protective factors associated with adolescent e-cigarette use.
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Araneda D, Korhonen T, Laatikainen T, Haukkala A, Rose RJ, Kaprio J. Association of snus experimentation in late adolescence with daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood: A longitudinal study among Finnish men. Scand J Public Health 2019; 48:638-645. [PMID: 30973058 DOI: 10.1177/1403494819828868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) is a lower-risk tobacco product than cigarette smoking for individuals. However, the public health impact of snus use is less well studied. Critically, it is uncertain whether use of snus leads to the onset of smoking. This study aimed to investigate prospectively the association between snus experimentation in late adolescence and daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood among Finnish young men. Methods: Data were obtained from 1090 young men within the population-based FinnTwin12 cohort. At baseline (mean age 17 years), we assessed lifetime use of cigarettes and snus, plus other potential predictors of cigarette smoking. At follow-up (mean age 24 years), participants were categorized according to their current smoking status. The final analyses were conducted among 375 young men who were never smokers at baseline with adequate data on follow-up smoking status and other potential predictors of cigarette smoking. Results: Age-adjusted logistic regressions showed an increased risk of becoming a daily smoker at follow-up among those participants who had at least tried snus but had never smoked cigarettes at baseline (odds ratio (OR) 6.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02-20.7), compared with those who had never used snus. When additionally adjusted for monthly alcohol intoxication, maternal smoking, and peer drug use, the association between snus experimentation and later daily cigarette smoking was attenuated, but remained significant (OR 3.94, 95% CI 1.22-12.7). Conclusions: Our data support the proposition that snus experimentation during late adolescence is longitudinally associated with daily cigarette smoking in early adulthood. Although a causal association cannot be inferred with certainty, snus experimentation might constitute an indicator of the propensity to proceed to regular snus use and initiation of use of other tobacco or nicotine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Araneda
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland.,Joint municipal authority for North Karelia social and health services (Siun sote), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ari Haukkala
- Faculty of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Huggett SB, Hatoum AS, Hewitt JK, Stallings MC. The Speed of Progression to Tobacco and Alcohol Dependence: A Twin Study. Behav Genet 2018; 48:109-124. [PMID: 29427143 PMCID: PMC5851595 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-018-9888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the etiological role of genetic and environmental influences for two milestones of tobacco and alcohol use: age of initiation, and speed of progression to dependence (latency). Study participants included 1352 monozygotic and 1422 dizygotic twins (mean age at assessment = 24.31). Earlier ages of initiation significantly increased the likelihood of developing dependence, but were associated with longer dependence latencies for tobacco and alcohol. Latencies to dependence were heritable traits for tobacco (a2 = 0.63) and alcohol (a2 = 0.64). Genetic influences contributing to early age of initiation were associated with faster latencies to dependence but sometimes were counteracted by environmental factors, the extent to which depended on substance and, sometimes, sex. Our findings may have important implications for public policy and add to the literature by characterizing the genetic and environmental contributions to the speed of progression to tobacco and alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B Huggett
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Michael C Stallings
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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Goings TC, Hidalgo ST, McGovern PP. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cigarette Use Trends in the United States among Multiracial and Other Youth, 1994-2008. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042617731338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use among the multiracial population is grossly underresearched. This study explored the cigarette-smoking trends of multiracial individuals over time in comparison with monoracial individuals and assessed the relationship between cigarette smoking and factors at the individual, family, peer, school, and state levels. This study used data collected by the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents and Adult Health from 1994 to 2008. This study examined a subsample of 9,421 respondents who self-identified as Black, Asian, American Indian, Hispanic, White, or multiracial. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the population-level data. Findings suggest that multiracial individuals reported high rates of cigarette use over time. The most consistent correlates of cigarette use were family factors, peer cigarette use, and school policies that prohibit staff from smoking on school premises. Additional research is needed to identify the correlates and causes of cigarette use among multiracial adolescents and young adults.
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Daw J, Margolis R, Wright L. Emerging Adulthood, Emergent Health Lifestyles: Sociodemographic Determinants of Trajectories of Smoking, Binge Drinking, Obesity, and Sedentary Behavior. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 58:181-197. [PMID: 28661779 PMCID: PMC5894852 DOI: 10.1177/0022146517702421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During the transition to adulthood, many unhealthy behaviors are developed that in turn shape behaviors, health, and mortality in later life. However, research on unhealthy behaviors and risky transitions has mostly focused on one health problem at a time. In this article, we examine variation in health behavior trajectories, how trajectories cluster together, and how the likelihood of experiencing different behavior trajectories varies by sociodemographic characteristics. We use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) Waves I to IV to chart the most common health behavior trajectories over the transition to adulthood for cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and sedentary behavior. We find that health behavior trajectories cluster together in seven joint classes and that sociodemographic factors (including gender, parental education, and race-ethnicity) significantly predict membership in these joint trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Daw
- 1 Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Laura Wright
- 3 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Kabir K, Mohammadpoorasl A, Esmaeelpour R, Aghazamani F, Rostami F. Tobacco Use and Substance Abuse in Students of Karaj Universities. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:105. [PMID: 27688869 PMCID: PMC5029117 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.190091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is clear that tobacco smoking and substance abuse have negative consequences on adolescent and youth's health. Tobacco smoking especially hookah smoking has increased worldwide especially among university students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of risk-taking behaviors such as cigarette smoking, hookah smoking, alcohol use, and drug abuse and its predictors in students of Karaj universities. METHODS This cross-sectional study took place in Karaj in January and February 2014. The randomly selected sample consisted of 1959 college students. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure risk-taking behaviors as well as demographic and related risk factors. Logistic regression model was performed in data analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of cigarette smoking was 9.3%. The prevalence of hookah smoking was 9.3%. 7% of students used illegal drugs and 9.5% of students used alcohol at least once in last 30 days. After adjustment for other factors, being male, living without parents, having smoker friends, and presence any smoker in the family were factors associated with students' risk-taking behaviors. The results showed the co-occurrence of risk-taking behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of tobacco smoking and substance abuse, particular in males, are high. It seems that planning preventive interventions for this part of the population are necessary. This study emphasized the co-occurrence of risky behaviors, so, it is better high-risk behaviors simultaneously targeted at reducing or preventing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Kabir
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Razie Esmaeelpour
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aghazamani
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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O'Loughlin JL, Sylvestre MP, Dugas EN, Karp I. Predictors of the occurrence of smoking discontinuation in novice adolescent smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 23:1090-101. [PMID: 24895443 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While long-term cessation is an outcome of interest in adult smokers, little is known about discontinuing smoking in adolescent smokers. The objective was to identify the predictors of the occurrence of smoking discontinuation in novice smokers. METHODS Data were available for 620 adolescent smokers participating in a longitudinal study on the natural course of nicotine dependence. Data on smoking discontinuation (i.e., stopping smoking for ≥12 consecutive months) were collected in 20 cycles over five years from grade 7 to 11 (1999-2005). Data on 37 potential predictors representing a wide range of demographic, psychosocial, health, lifestyle, smoking-related, and context-related characteristics were collected once, 2 to 3 times, or 20 times. Pooled logistic regression was used to test the association between each potential predictor and smoking discontinuation, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Forty percent of 620 participants discontinued smoking during follow up. Male sex [OR (95% confidence interval), 1.8 (1.3-2.4)], age [1.3 (1.1-1.5)], cigarette package warnings [0.6 (0.5-0.9)], team sports participation [1.4 (1.1-1.9)], family stress [0.7 (0.6-1.0)], worrying about weight [0.6 (0.5-0.9)], overweight [0.7 (0.5-1.0)], illicit drugs use [0.5 (0.4-0.7)], tolerance [0.6 (0.4-1.0)], and other nicotine dependence symptoms [1.0 (0.9-1.0)] were statistically significantly associated with smoking discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Both individual and context-level factors were associated with smoking discontinuation. IMPACT Programs and policy targeting novice adolescent smokers may be more effective if factors associated with long-term smoking discontinuation are taken into consideration. In particular, young smokers may need help with dependence symptoms, body weight issues, family functioning, and polysubstance use. Cigarette package warnings may be effective in helping adolescents discontinue smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 1090-101. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L O'Loughlin
- Authors' Affiliations: Centre de recherche CHUM, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, and Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaAuthors' Affiliations: Centre de recherche CHUM, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, and Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaAuthors' Affiliations: Centre de recherche CHUM, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, and Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Authors' Affiliations: Centre de recherche CHUM, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, and Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaAuthors' Affiliations: Centre de recherche CHUM, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, and Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erika N Dugas
- Authors' Affiliations: Centre de recherche CHUM, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, and Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Igor Karp
- Authors' Affiliations: Centre de recherche CHUM, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, and Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaAuthors' Affiliations: Centre de recherche CHUM, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, and Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hoffman S, Marsiglia FF, Ayers SL. Religiosity and Migration Aspirations among Mexican Youth. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2015; 16:173-186. [PMID: 25663825 PMCID: PMC4315225 DOI: 10.1007/s12134-014-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
International migration has become an important topic of discussion from a policy and humanitarian perspective. Part of the debate includes a renewed interest in understanding the factors that influence decisions about migration to the US among Mexican youth still residing in their country of origin. The purpose of this study was to advance knowledge specifically about internal and external religiosity and their influence on youths' migration aspirations. The data for this study were collected in 2007 from students enrolled in an alternative high school program located in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. The findings indicated that as external religiosity increases, the desire to work or live in the USA decreases. Furthermore, as internal religiosity increases, the desire to work or live in the USA and plans to migrate increase. The results are interpreted and discussed in light of previous research on religious and cultural norm adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hoffman
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. Cesar Chavez Blvd., Frio Street Building #4.410, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
| | | | - Stephanie L. Ayers
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave., Suite 720, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Brook JS, Balka E, Zhang C, Pahl K, Brook DW. Adolescent Academic Adjustment Factors and the Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking from Adolescence to the Mid-thirties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2014; 40:7-21. [PMID: 21701696 DOI: 10.2753/imh0020-7411400101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of early predictors which differentiate between various longitudinal smoking patterns might facilitate designing more effective interventions. Using data from 806 participants, we examined the association of three adolescent academic adjustment factors, Educational Aspirations and Expectations; Perception of School Achievement; and Trouble at School, to five trajectories of cigarette use covering 23 years from adolescence to adulthood. The five trajectory groups were: heavy/continuous smokers, late starters, quitter/decreasers, occasional smokers, and nonsmokers. Each academic factor predicted smoking trajectory group membership. Each academic factor was significantly associated with being a heavy/continuous smoker rather than a member of other trajectory groups. Behavioral academic factors also differentiated quitter/decreasers from late starters, occasional smokers, and nonsmokers. Adolescents manifesting academic maladjustment risk becoming early, chronic smokers. Prevention and intervention efforts targeting educational maladjustment may decrease cigarette smoking.
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Terrion JL. A Communication Model of Relational Pathways Into and Out of Adolescent Substance Use Disorder. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2012.761168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Maralani V. Understanding the links between education and smoking. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2014; 48:20-34. [PMID: 25131272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study extends the theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between education and smoking by focusing on the life course links between experiences from adolescence and health outcomes in adulthood. Differences in smoking by completed education are apparent at ages 12-18, long before that education is acquired. I use characteristics from the teenage years, including social networks, future expectations, and school experiences measured before the start of smoking regularly to predict smoking in adulthood. Results show that school policies, peers, and youths' mortality expectations predict smoking in adulthood but that college aspirations and analytical skills do not. I also show that smoking status at age 16 predicts both completed education and adult smoking, controlling for an extensive set of covariates. Overall, educational inequalities in smoking are better understood as a bundling of advantageous statuses that develops in childhood, rather than the effect of education producing better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Maralani
- Department of Sociology, Yale University, PO Box 208265 Professor, New Haven, CT 06520-8265, United States.
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Ladapo JA, Elliott MN, Kanouse DE, Tortolero SR, Windle M, Cuccaro PM, Davies SL, Schuster MA. Tobacco use and smoking intentions among U.S. fifth-grade students. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:445-51. [PMID: 24794053 PMCID: PMC4143448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the risk and protective factors for cigarette smoking and future intentions among racially/ethnically diverse preadolescent children. METHODS We analyzed data from 5,119 fifth-grade children and their parents living in three U.S. metropolitan areas. Using the multivariate logistic regression models, we examined how cigarette smoking and intentions to smoke within 1 year are associated with (1) number of friends who smoke, (2) parental disapproval of smoking, (3) parental communication about not smoking, (4) performance in school, and (5) educational aspirations. RESULTS Twenty-nine percent of the children were black, 44% were Hispanic, 22% were white, and 5% were of another race/ethnicity. Mean age was 11.1 years. The prevalence of ever smoking a cigarette among black, Hispanic, and white children was 9.8%, 5.6%, and 4.9%, respectively. In adjusted analyses, children were more likely to have smoked a cigarette if their friends smoked (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8-6.9), they frequently had trouble with schoolwork (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-3.1), or their parents were not college graduates (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.5 for high school graduate). They were less likely to have smoked cigarettes if their parents disapproved of smoking (aOR .3, 95% CI .1-.6). Parental communication (aOR .1, 95% CI .0-.6) and disapproval (aOR .2, 95% CI .1-.7) had protective associations for future intentions among children who had ever and had never smoked, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fifth-graders share many of the same risk factors for smoking identified in older adolescents, some of which are modifiable. Antismoking policies and programs should be designed for preadolescents as well as adolescents, and campaigns targeting parents should place greater emphasis on communication and expressed disapproval of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Ladapo
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Michael Windle
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Susan L. Davies
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mark A. Schuster
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Clark TC, Crengle S, Sheridan J, Rowe D, Robinson E. Factors associated with consistent contraception and condom use among Māori secondary school students in New Zealand. J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50:258-65. [PMID: 24372724 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study are to provide a profile of sexual health behaviours of Māori youth and to identify factors associated with consistent condom and contraception use. METHODS Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine relationships between consistent contraception and condom use among all 2059 sexually active Māori participants in the 2007 New Zealand youth health and well-being survey of secondary school students. RESULTS Forty per cent of Māori students were currently sexually active; of these, 55.3% always used contraception, and 41.1% always used condoms. Risk factors for not using contraception were less than or equal to three sexual partners (males odds ratio (OR) 0.55, P = 0.04, females OR 0.35, P = 0.04) and regular cigarette use for females (OR 0.52, P = 0.02). Risk factors for not using condoms were 13- to 15-year-old females (OR 1.95, P < 0.01) and females who enjoyed sex (OR 0.52, P = 0.02). Family connection was associated with increased use of condoms among males (OR 1.07, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Reducing sexual risks, increasing opportunities for healthy youth development and family connectedness, alongside access to appropriate services, are required to improve the sexual health of Māori youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terryann C Clark
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lijffijt M, Hu K, Swann AC. Stress modulates illness-course of substance use disorders: a translational review. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:83. [PMID: 25101007 PMCID: PMC4101973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood trauma and post-childhood chronic/repeated stress could increase the risk of a substance use disorder by affecting five stages of addiction illness-course: (a) initial experimentation with substances; (b) shifting from experimental to regular use; (c) escalation from regular use to abuse or dependence; (d) motivation to quit; and (e) risk of (re-)lapse. We reviewed the human literature on relationships between stress and addiction illness-course. We explored per illness-course stage: (i) whether childhood trauma and post-childhood chronic/repeated stress have comparable effects and (ii) whether effects cut across classes of substances of abuse. We further discuss potential underlying mechanisms by which stressors may affect illness-course stages for which we relied on evidence from studies in animals and humans. Stress and substances of abuse both activate stress and dopaminergic motivation systems, and childhood trauma and post-childhood stressful events are more chronic and occur more frequently in people who use substances. Stressors increase risk to initiate early use potentially by affecting trait-like factors of risk-taking, decision making, and behavioral control. Stressors also accelerate transition to regular use potentially due to prior effects of stress on sensitization of dopaminergic motivation systems, cross-sensitizing with substances of abuse, especially in people with high trait impulsivity who are more prone to sensitization. Finally, stressors increase risk for abuse and dependence, attenuate motivation to quit, and increase relapse risk potentially by intensified sensitization of motivational systems, by a shift from positive to negative reinforcement due to sensitization of the amygdala by corticotropin releasing factor, and by increased sensitization of noradrenergic systems. Stress generally affects addiction illness-course across stressor types and across classes of substances of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Lijffijt
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Kesong Hu
- Human Neuroscience Institute, Department of Human Development, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA
| | - Alan C Swann
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , USA ; Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center , Houston, TX , USA
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15
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Bae J. Differences in cigarette use behaviors by age at the time of diagnosis with diabetes from young adulthood to adulthood: results from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. J Prev Med Public Health 2013; 46:249-60. [PMID: 24137527 PMCID: PMC3796650 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.5.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous observations propose that risk-taking behaviors such as cigarette smoking are prevailing among young people with chronic conditions including diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine whether cigarette smoking is more prevalent among diabetics than non-diabetics and whether it differs by age at the time of diagnosis with diabetes from young adulthood (YAH) to adulthood (AH). Methods We used US panel data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health Study) during the years 2001 to 2002 (Wave III, YAH) and 2007 to 2008 (Wave IV, AH). Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cigarette use behaviors according to age at the time of diagnosis with diabetes, after adjusting for demographic and selected behavioral factors. Results Of 12 175 study participants, 2.6% reported having been diagnosed with diabetes up to AH. Early-onset diabetics (age at diagnosis <13 years) were more likely than non-diabetics to report frequent cigarette smoking (smoking on ≥20 days during the previous 30 days) in YAH (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.27 to 8.79). On the other hand, late-onset diabetics (age at diagnosis ≥13 years) were more likely than non-diabetics to report heavy cigarette smoking (smoking ≥10 cigarettes per day during the previous 30 days) in AH (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.30). Conclusions The current study indicated that diabetics are more likely than non-diabetics to smoke cigarettes frequently and heavily in YAH and AH. Effective smoking prevention and cessation programs uniquely focused on diabetics need to be designed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Smoking initiation, continuation and prevalence in deprived urban areas compared to non-deprived urban areas in The Netherlands. Soc Sci Med 2013; 87:132-7. [PMID: 23631788 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that smoking prevalence is higher in deprived areas than in affluent areas. We aimed to determine whether smoking initiation or continuation contributes most to inequalities in current smoking, and in which population subgroups these area differences were largest. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between area deprivation and current smoking, initiation and continuation in urban areas, in subgroups defined by gender, generation and educational level. Cross-sectional data of 20,603 Dutch adults (18 years and over) living in 963 urban areas in The Netherlands were obtained from the annual national health survey (2003-2009). Three interrelated smoking outcomes were used: current smoking (smokers/total population), initiation (ever-smokers/total population) and continuation (smokers/ever-smokers). Area deprivation was dichotomised; deprived urban areas (as defined by the Dutch government) and non-deprived urban areas (reference group) were distinguished. Multilevel logistic regression models controlled for individual characteristics (including education and income) and tested for interaction with gender, generation and education. After controlling for individual characteristics, odds for smoking were not significantly higher in deprived areas (current smoking: OR = 1.04 [0.92-1.18], initiation: OR = 1.05 [0.93-1.18], continuation: OR = 1.03 [0.88-1.19]). For smoking initiation, significant differences between deprived areas and other areas remained in younger generations (OR = 1.19 [1.02-1.38]) and higher educated (OR = 1.23 [1.04-1.45]) respondents. For continuation and current smoking, after controlling for individual characteristics, no associations were found in any subgroups. In conclusion, area deprivation appears to be independently related to smoking initiation in, respectively, higher educated and younger generations. These results suggest that initiatives to reduce area-level inequalities in smoking should focus on preventing smoking initiation in deprived areas.
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Hummel A, Shelton KH, Heron J, Moore L, van den Bree MBM. A systematic review of the relationships between family functioning, pubertal timing and adolescent substance use. Addiction 2013; 108:487-96. [PMID: 23163243 DOI: 10.1111/add.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Experiences linked to poor family functioning and pubertal timing have each been associated with increased risk of substance misuse in adolescence. However, it remains unclear to what extent family functioning and pubertal timing combine to put adolescents at particular risk. METHOD A systematic review was planned, undertaken and reported according to the 27 items of the PRISMA statement. Databases World of Knowledge, PsycINFO and PubMed were searched. Fifty-eight papers were retained and are discussed in this review after screening titles, abstracts and full papers against pre-established exclusion criteria. RESULTS The combination of off-time pubertal timing and poor parent-adolescent relationship quality has been related to higher levels of substance use. However, this is an under-studied area of research and the evidence is less strong for boys than girls. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents experiencing both poor parent-adolescent relationship quality and off-time pubertal timing may represent a high-risk group that can benefit from approaches aimed at reducing risk of substance misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alegra Hummel
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Reda AA, Moges A, Yazew B, Biadgilign S. Determinants of cigarette smoking among school adolescents in eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Harm Reduct J 2012; 9:39. [PMID: 23227891 PMCID: PMC3541105 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7517-9-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) attributes more than 4 million deaths a year to tobacco, and it is expected that this figure will rise to 10 million deaths a year by 2020. Moreover, it is now a growing public health problem in the developing world. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of cigarette use and its determinant factors among high school students in eastern Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using structured self-administered questionnaires among 1,721 school adolescents in Harar town, eastern Ethiopia. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations. RESULTS The analysis revealed that prevalence of ever cigarette smoking was 12.2% (95% CI 10.8% - 13.9%). Reasons mentioned for smoking cigarettes were for enjoyment (113, 52.8%), for trial (92, 42.9%), and for other reasons (9, 4.3%). The main predictors of cigarette smoking were sex (OR 4.32; 95% CI 2.59-7.22), age (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.05-1.38) and having friends who smoke (OR 8.14; 95% CI 5.19-12.70). Living with people who smoke cigarettes was not significantly associated with smoking among adolescents (OR 1.25; 95% CI 0.81-1.92). CONCLUSION This study concluded that high proportion of school adolescents in Harar town smoked cigarettes. Sex, age and peer influence were identified as important determinants of smoking. There is a need for early cost-effective interventions and education campaigns that target secondary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalu A Reda
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Moges
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Yazew
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Health Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Sibhatu Biadgilign
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Spyratos DG, Pelagidou DT, Chloros D, Haidich AB, Karetsi E, Koubaniou C, Konstantopoulos S, Gourgoulianis K, Sichletidis LT. Smoking among adolescents in Northern Greece: a large cross-sectional study about risk and preventive factors. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2012; 7:38. [PMID: 22963755 PMCID: PMC3511804 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-7-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to investigate epidemiological data about cigarette smoking in relation with risk and preventive factors among Greek adolescents. Methods We randomly selected 10% of the whole number of schools in Northern Greece (133 schools, 18,904 participants were included). Two anonymous questionnaires (smoker's and non-smoker's) were both distributed to all students so they selected and filled in only one. A parental signed informed consent was obtained using an informative leaflet about adolescent smoking. Results The main findings of the study were: a) 14.2% of the adolescents (mean age+/−SD: 15.3+/−1.7 years) reported regular smoking (24.1% in the age group 16–18 years), b) 84.2% of the current smokers reported daily use, c) students who live in urban and semirural areas smoke more frequently than those in rural areas, d) students in technically oriented schools smoke twice as frequent compared to those in general education, e) risk factors for smoking: male gender, low educational level of parents, friends who smoke (OR: 10.01, 95%CI: 8.53-11.74, p<0.001), frequent visits to internet cafes (OR:1.53, 95%CI: 1.35-1.74, p<0.001), parents, siblings (OR:2.24, 95%CI: 1.99-2.51, p<0.001) and favorite artist (OR:1.18, 95%CI: 1.04-1.33, p=0.009) who smoke, f) protective factors against smoking: participation in sports (OR:0.59, 95%CI: 0.53-0.67, p<0.001), watching television (OR:0.74, 95%CI 0.66-0.84, p<0.001) and influence by health warning messages on cigarette packets (OR:0.42, 95%CI: 0.37, 0.48, p<0.001). Conclusions Even though prevalence of cigarette smoking is not too high among Greek adolescents, frequency of everyday cigarette use is alarming. We identified many social and lifestyle risk and preventive factors that should be incorporated in a national smoking prevention program among Greek adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisios G Spyratos
- Pulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Marsiglia FF, Ayers SL, Hoffman S. Religiosity and adolescent substance use in central Mexico: exploring the influence of internal and external religiosity on cigarette and alcohol use. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 49:87-97. [PMID: 21533659 PMCID: PMC3401064 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-011-9439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the multidimensional nature of religiosity on substance use among adolescents living in central Mexico. From a social capital perspective, this article investigates how external church attendance and internal religious importance interact to create differential pathways for adolescents, and how these pathways exert both risk and protective influences on Mexican youth. The data come from 506 self-identified Roman Catholic youth (ages 14-17) living in a semi-rural area in the central state of Guanajuato, Mexico, and attending alternative secondary schools. Findings indicate that adolescents who have higher church attendance coupled with higher religious importance have lower odds of using alcohol, while cigarette use is lower among adolescents who have lower church attendance and lower religious importance. Adolescents are most at risk using alcohol and cigarettes when church attendance is higher but religious importance is lower. In conclusion, incongruence between internal religious beliefs and external church attendance places Mexican youth at greater risk of alcohol and cigarette use. This study not only contributes to understandings of the impact of religiosity on substance use in Mexico, but highlights the importance of understanding religiosity as a multidimensional phenomenon which can lead to differential substance use patterns.
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Saraceno L, Heron J, Munafò M, Craddock N, van den Bree MBM. The relationship between childhood depressive symptoms and problem alcohol use in early adolescence: findings from a large longitudinal population-based study. Addiction 2012; 107:567-77. [PMID: 21939461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Depressive symptomatology can increase risk of development of alcohol problems in young people. Tension reduction and family interactional theories may explain the relationship between depression and problematic alcohol use in youth. This study addresses the nature of the longitudinal relationship between these two behaviours. The available literature is currently inconclusive about whether there are gender differences in these relationships; this is also examined. DESIGN The association between childhood depressive behaviours and adolescence problematic alcohol use was examined using ordered logistic regression models. Evidence of gender differences and the impact of relevant covariates on these relations were examined. Missing data were imputed using a Multiple Imputation by Chained Equation (MICE) approach. SETTINGS The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a large UK population-based birth cohort. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4220 British boys and girls. MEASUREMENTS Depressive symptomatology was assessed in childhood (mean age = 10.6, SD = 0.2) using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Problematic alcohol use was assessed from several questions queried in adolescence (mean age = 13.8, SD = 0.2). FINDINGS Childhood depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of problematic alcohol use in early adolescence for girls [odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, P = 0.016] but not boys. This association for girls weakened (OR = 1.12, P = 0.058) when a priori selected covariates were taken into account, particularly the family and greater social environment. CONCLUSIONS Problematic alcohol use in girls (but not boys) is associated with prior depressive symptoms. This association may be attributable to several family and social environment factors, suggesting that a family interactional theoretical model may explain these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Saraceno
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Smoking and exposure to racial insults among multiethnic youth in Jujuy, Argentina. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23 Suppl 1:37-44. [PMID: 22350863 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to racial insults among youth in Jujuy, Argentina, was examined as a factor associated with smoking behavior. METHODS Youth sampled from eighth-grade classes in 27 randomly selected middle schools completed annual surveys in the ninth and tenth grades. Demographics, race/ethnicity (Indigenous/Amazonian, Indigenous/Andean, Indigenous unspecified group, Mixed European-Indigenous, European), cigarette smoking, and other attitudinal and behavioral factors were measured. Exposure to racial insults, measured in the ninth grade, was modeled to predict cigarette smoking in the previous 30 days (defined as current) in the tenth grade conditional on ninth grade smoking. RESULTS Of the 3,122 respondents, 35.5% reported exposure to racial insults and 33.8% were current smokers. Factors associated with racial insults were being male, indigenous language spoken at home, ever and current smoking, smoking in a ceremonial context, exposure to second-hand smoke at home, number of friends who smoke, having low expectations for the future, low identification with conforming role models, high identification with defiant role models, and depressive symptoms. Reported exposure to racial insults increased the risk of current smoking in the 10th grade among Indigenous Amazonian respondents (OR = 3.8; 95% CI 1.4-10.4) and among the Indigenous-unspecified group (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-2.8), but not among European or Indigenous Andean youth. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to racial insults is commonplace among youth in Jujuy. Evidence of a longitudinal effect of ninth-grade racial insults on tenth-grade smoking rates provides support for an association of racial insults with smoking behavior.
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Hemphill SA, Heerde JA, Herrenkohl TI, Toumbourou JW, Catalano RF. The impact of school suspension on student tobacco use: a longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2012; 39:45-56. [PMID: 21586667 PMCID: PMC3158957 DOI: 10.1177/1090198111406724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT School suspension may have unintended consequences in contributing to problem behaviors, including dropping out from school, substance use, and antisocial behavior. Tobacco use is an early-onset problem behavior, but prospective studies of the effects of suspension on tobacco use are lacking. METHOD Longitudinal school-based survey of students drawn as a two-stage cluster sample, administered in 2002 and 2003, in Washington State, United States, and Victoria, Australia. The study uses statewide representative samples of students in Grades 7 and 9 (N = 3,599). RESULTS Rates of tobacco use were higher for Victorian than Washington State students. School suspension remained a predictor of current tobacco use at 12-month follow-up, after controlling for established risk factors including prior tobacco and other drug use for Grade 7 but not Grade 9 students. CONCLUSIONS School suspension is associated with early adolescent tobacco use, itself an established predictor of adverse outcomes in young people. Findings suggest the need to explore process mechanisms and alternatives to school suspensions as a response to challenging student behavior in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl A. Hemphill
- Professor, School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065; Associate Professor, Centre for Adolescent Health, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052; Senior Research Fellow, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 2 Gatehouse Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Jessica A. Heerde
- Research Assistant, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia:
| | - Todd I. Herrenkohl
- Associate Professor, Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115: ; phone: 206-221-7873; fax: 206-543-4507
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Professor and Chair, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia:
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Bartley Dobb Professor for the Study and Prevention of Violence, School of Social Work, and Director, Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115: ; phone: 206-543-6382; fax: 206-543-4507
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Kovacs E, Piko BF, Fitzpatrick KM. Religiosity as a protective factor against substance use among Hungarian high school students. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46:1346-57. [PMID: 21612341 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2011.581322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gender differences in the relationship between religiosity and substance use (lifetime prevalence and current use) were examined among high school students in Szeged, Hungary (N = 881). Experimenting with and consuming tobacco and alcoholic beverages were characteristic in the sample to a great extent, whereas marijuana use was not as frequent. Logistic regression analyses were employed to test how variables of religiosity, that is, denominational affiliation, religiosity, and religious attendance, were related to substance use of youth by gender. Our findings confirmed the importance of the protective role of religious involvement, particularly among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kovacs
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Gryczynski J, Ward BW. Social Norms and the Relationship Between Cigarette Use and Religiosity Among Adolescents in the United States. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2010; 38:39-48. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198110372331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the social dynamics that underlie the negative association between religiosity and cigarette use among U.S. adolescents. Using data from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the authors used a theory-based conceptual model (vicarious learning networks [VLN]) to examine the role that key reference group norms play in the religiosity—smoking relationship. This relationship is partially mediated by parents’ and close friends’ perceived disapproval for smoking. However, religiosity maintains a strong negative association with smoking. Consistent with the VLN model, cigarette use varied substantively based on reference group normative configurations. To the extent that the protective effects of religiosity arise from its influence in structuring the social milieu, some of religiosity’s benefits could potentially be leveraged through interventions that promote healthy norms among reference groups within the social network. The VLN model may be a useful tool for conceptualizing the transmission of health behavior through social learning processes.
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Fry G, Grogan S, Gough B, Conner M. Smoking in the lived world: How young people make sense of the social role cigarettes play in their lives. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 47:763-80. [DOI: 10.1348/014466608x288818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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A social operational model of urban adolescents' tobacco and substance use: a mediational analysis. J Adolesc 2010; 34:1055-63. [PMID: 21144577 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study tested a mediation model of the relationship with tobacco use, social network quality (level of risk or protection in a network), and substance use (alcohol and/or illicit drugs) with a sample of 301 urban adolescents. It was theorized that social network quality would mediate the effect of tobacco use, accounting for PTSD symptoms and parent-teen relationships, on substance use. Results of path modeling with AMOS showed that the model provided an overall very good fit to the data and demonstrated partial mediation effects of social network quality on substance use. An effect-size measure was applied to determine what proportion of the total effect was mediated by the intervening (social network) variable and produced a moderate effect size (0.31). Results highlight the mediating role of social network quality on risk factors for adolescent substance use and are informative to prevention science in advancing social operational models of substance use.
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Sanchez ZM, Opaleye ES, Martins SS, Ahluwalia JS, Noto AR. Adolescent gender differences in the determinants of tobacco smoking: a cross sectional survey among high school students in São Paulo. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:748. [PMID: 21129177 PMCID: PMC3004838 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverse psychosocial factors have been associated with the use of cigarettes by adolescents. We investigated gender differences in tobacco smoking, and factors correlated with smoking among boys and girls. METHODS Data was collected on recent cigarette smoking (CS) and related factors, with a focus on religious beliefs, leisure activities, family structure, relationships and parental monitoring from 2,691 private school-attending youths from 28 schools in São Paulo, Brazil, selected via probability sampling. Estimates were derived via weighted hierarchical logistic regression models. RESULTS There was no difference in the prevalence of recent cigarette smoking between boys and girls (14.2%). Older age (aORboys = 1.71[1.33-2.21]; aORgirls = 1.73[1.35-2.23]), second-hand smoke exposure at home (aORboys = 1.52[1.00-2.29]; aORgirls = 1.74[1.13-2.68]) and not having a religion (aORboys = 1.99[1.41-2.81]; aORgirls = 1.78[1.14-2.78]) were associated with CS in boys and girls. Adolescents who went out often at night were more likely to be tobacco smokers (aORboys = 8.82[3.96-19.67]; aORgirls = 14.20[6.64-30.37]). For girls, data suggest that CS was also associated with a lack of parental attention and care (aORgirls = 4.37[1.19-16.04]) and no participation in youth religious activities (aORgirls = 2.76[1.49-5.12]). For boys, CS was additionally associated with the loss of one or both parents (aORboys = 3.75[1.78-7.85]). CONCLUSIONS Although older age, living with smokers at home and lack of religion were common contributing factors to cigarette smoking among all adolescents, girls were influenced to a greater degree by family relationships and religiosity than boys. The study results may be materially important to the development of prevention programs that influence determinants connected to gender and the implementation of single-core models of prevention; gender differences must be considered in order to reduce adolescent CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zila M Sanchez
- Brazilian Center of Information on Psychotropic Drugs (CEBRID), Psychobiology Department of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Cotton S, McGrady ME, Rosenthal SL. Measurement of religiosity/spirituality in adolescent health outcomes research: trends and recommendations. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2010; 49:414-44. [PMID: 20127172 PMCID: PMC2917535 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-010-9324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between religious/spiritual (R/S) factors and adolescent health outcomes has been studied for decades; however, the R/S measurement tools used may not be developmentally relevant for adolescents. A systematic literature review was conducted to review and evaluate trends in measuring R/S in adolescent health outcomes research. In this review a total of 100 articles met criteria for inclusion. Relatively few (n = 15) included adolescent-specific R/S measures or items accounting for developmentally relevant issues such as parental religiosity or age-appropriate language. Future R/S and health research with adolescents would be strengthened by incorporating developmentally relevant R/S measurement tools, psychometrics, and multidimensional measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Cotton
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, P.O. Box 670840, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0840, USA.
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Tucker JS, Green HD, Zhou AJ, Miles JNV, Shih RA, D'Amico EJ. Substance use among middle school students: associations with self-rated and peer-nominated popularity. J Adolesc 2010; 34:513-9. [PMID: 20580420 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Associations of popularity with adolescent substance use were examined among 1793 6-8th grade students who completed an in-school survey. Popularity was assessed through both self-ratings and peer nominations. Students who scored higher on either measure of popularity were more likely to be lifetime cigarette smokers, drinkers, and marijuana users, as well as past month drinkers. Self-rated popularity was positively associated with past month marijuana use and heavy drinking, and peer-nominated popularity showed a quadratic association with past month heavy drinking. These results extend previous work and highlight that popularity, whether based on self-perceptions or peer friendship nominations, is a risk factor for substance use during middle school. Given the substantial increase in peer influence during early adolescence, prevention program effectiveness may be enhanced by addressing popularity as a risk factor for substance use or working with popular students to be peer leaders to influence social norms and promote healthier choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA.
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Glaser B, Shelton KH, van den Bree MB. The moderating role of close friends in the relationship between conduct problems and adolescent substance use. J Adolesc Health 2010; 47:35-42. [PMID: 20547290 PMCID: PMC3032885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conduct problems and peer effects are among the strongest risk factors for adolescent substance use and problem use. However, it is unclear to what extent the effects of conduct problems and peer behavior interact, and whether adolescents' capacity to refuse the offer of substances may moderate such links. This study was conducted to examine relationships between conduct problems, close friends' substance use, and refusal assertiveness with adolescents' alcohol use problems, tobacco, and marijuana use. METHODS We studied a population-based sample of 1,237 individuals from the Cardiff Study of All Wales and North West of England Twins aged 11-18 years. Adolescent and mother-reported information was obtained. Statistical analyses included cross-sectional and prospective logistic regression models and family-based permutations. RESULTS Conduct problems and close friends' substance use were associated with increased adolescents' substance use, whereas refusal assertiveness was associated with lower use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Peer substance use moderated the relationship between conduct problems and alcohol use problems, such that conduct problems were only related to increased risk for alcohol use problems in the presence of substance-using friends. This effect was found in both cross-sectional and prospective analyses and confirmed using the permutation approach. CONCLUSIONS Reduced opportunities for interaction with alcohol-using peers may lower the risk of alcohol use problems in adolescents with conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Glaser
- The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marianne B.M. van den Bree
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to: Marianne B. M. van den Bree, Ph.D., Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN.
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Brown SL, Rinelli LN. Family Structure, Family Processes, and Adolescent Smoking and Drinking. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2010; 20:259-273. [PMID: 20543893 PMCID: PMC2882304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00636.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether family structure was associated with adolescent risk behaviors, including smoking and drinking. Family living arrangements have become increasingly diverse, yet research on adolescent risk behaviors has typically relied on measures of family structure that do not adequately capture this diversity. Data from the 1994-95 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to conduct logistic regression analyses that revealed adolescents in two biological married parent families were least likely to smoke or drink, whereas adolescents in cohabiting stepfamilies were most likely. Those in single-mother families and married stepfamilies were in between. Maternal socialization was related to reduced odds of smoking and drinking. Maternal modeling was positively associated with smoking and drinking. Family structure is indicative of distinct family processes that are linked to risky behaviors among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Brown
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, 222 Williams Hall, Bowling Green State University, (419) 372-9521
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An integrative model of adolescent health risk behavior. J Pediatr Nurs 2010; 25:126-37. [PMID: 20185063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nursing research in adolescent health risk behavior is lacking because there are few comprehensive nursing models to guide it. Nurses need to understand what influences adolescents to engage in health risk behavior or to refrain from it. The Integrative Model of Adolescent Health Risk Behavior was developed to guide adolescent nursing research using existing theoretical and empirical data. Components include protective/escalatory factors, risk stimulus, maturity of judgment (as a meditational influence), and the risk decision (dichotomized into risk avoidance and taking). The model will facilitate development of nursing interventions to increase health protection by discouraging adolescents from making unhealthy choices.
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van den Bree MBM, Shelton K, Bonner A, Moss S, Thomas H, Taylor PJ. A longitudinal population-based study of factors in adolescence predicting homelessness in young adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2009; 45:571-8. [PMID: 19931829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Almost everything known about risk factors for homelessness is based on cross-sectional studies of non-random samples. Furthermore, most studies have focused on a small number of risk factors and have not evaluated their relative importance. Our aim was to examine which factors, in a population-based sample of adolescents, independently predict homelessness in young adults. METHODS Participants (n = 10,433) in the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) were initially selected through systematic random sampling of US high schools. Interviews were conducted at home in 1994-1995 when the participants were 11-18 years of age and again in 2001 when participants were 18-28 years of age. We examined the relationships between a range of risk factors reported in adolescence (mood-related problems, substance involvement, delinquency, personality, quality of family relations, neighborhood quality, school adjustment, religious affiliation, perpetration of violence, and experiences of victimization) and experiences of homelessness reported in young adulthood, using regression analysis. RESULTS Each risk factor predicted homelessness. However, only family relationship quality (odds ratio [OR] = .79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .69-.90), school adjustment problems (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.35-1.82), and experiences of victimization (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.11-1.45) were found to independently predict homelessness. CONCLUSIONS Among a range of well-established risk factors, a troubled family background, school adjustment problems and experiences of victimization were found to be the strongest predictors of homelessness in a general population of young people. Our findings suggest possibilities for the early identification of young persons at risk for homelessness through schools, agencies offering family-based support, and clinical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne B M van den Bree
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Ellaway A, Macintyre S. Are perceived neighbourhood problems associated with the likelihood of smoking? J Epidemiol Community Health 2009; 63:78-80. [PMID: 19088119 PMCID: PMC2602728 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2007.068767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore associations between residents' perceptions of the local residential environment and the likelihood of their smoking. DESIGN Using data (n = 2615) from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study, separately by gender, cross-sectional associations between respondents' perceptions of neighbourhood (perceived absence of goods, incivilities and physical environmental problems) and the likelihood of being a current smoker and the amount smoked were examined. RESULTS Perceived neighbourhood problems are associated with the likelihood of smoking but mainly among those with the most negative view of the local neighbourhood. Perceptions of the provision of neighbourhood amenities seems to be more strongly associated with women's than men's smoking status, whereas the perceived quality of the local neighbourhood appears to be a better predictor of men's smoking. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to reduce smoking levels among more deprived groups may need to pay more attention to the role of local environmental conditions in influencing smoking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ellaway
- MRC Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK.
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Bozlak CT, Kelley MA. Youth participation in a community campaign to pass a clean indoor air ordinance. Health Promot Pract 2009; 11:530-40. [PMID: 19193932 DOI: 10.1177/1524839908330815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Because of the harmful effects of secondhand smoke, communities are organizing to pass clean indoor air policies. With youth being considered one of the most vulnerable populations to this health hazard, it can be strategic to campaigns and beneficial to the youth's development to involve them in efforts to control this toxin. However, youth participation in health campaigns is limited because of barriers inherent in these initiatives. This article presents lessons learned from a qualitative case study on the youth involvement in a successful local clean indoor air campaign. Through the analysis of semistructured interviews with the adult members of the campaign, group interviews and questionnaire completion by the youth members of the campaign, and additional insight made possible by participant observation, recommendations are provided to engage and sustain youth involvement in local public health initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Taggart Bozlak
- Maternal and Child Health Program, Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Alderete E, Kaplan CP, Gregorich SE, Mejía R, Pérez-Stable EJ. Smoking behavior and ethnicity in Jujuy, Argentina: evidence from a low-income youth sample. Subst Use Misuse 2009; 44:632-46. [PMID: 19360537 PMCID: PMC3570082 DOI: 10.1080/10826080902809717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Latin America is the world region with the highest rates of youth tobacco use and widest socioeconomic gaps, yet no data are available on smoking among Indigenous people, the largest disadvantaged group in the region. A self-administered survey of 3,131 8th grade youth enrolled in a random sample of 27 urban and rural schools was administered in 2004 in Jujuy, Argentina. Standard questions adapted from global surveys were used. Compared with youth of European background (11.4%; 95% CI 6.7-15.1), Indigenous (23.0%; 95% CI 21.0-25.0), and Mixed ethnicity (23%; 95% CI 18.9-27.1) youth had higher prevalence of current smoking. The odds of current smoking remained significantly elevated for Indigenous (OR 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1-3.3) and Mixed youth (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4) after controlling for confounders. Other risk factors that were associated with current smoking included: having any friends who smoke, repeating a grade in school, depressive symptoms in previous year, drinking any alcohol in the previous week and thrill seeking orientation. These results underscore the importance of social and cultural diversity aspects of the global tobacco epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Alderete
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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Ellickson PL, Tucker JS, Klein DJ. Reducing early smokers' risk for future smoking and other problem behavior: insights from a five-year longitudinal study. J Adolesc Health 2008; 43:394-400. [PMID: 18809138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify risk and protective factors during early and later adolescence that predict future regular smoking and multiple problem behavior among at-risk youth, defined as those who tried smoking by grade 7. METHODS At grades 7, 10, and 12, data were collected from 2,000 early smokers drawn from California and Oregon. Multivariate regression analyses tested predictors of the two grade 12 outcomes in separate models using data from grades 7 and 10. Gender interactions and buffering of risk factors by protective factors were assessed. RESULTS For at-risk youth, consistent protective factors against future smoking and problem behavior included living in an intact nuclear family (all four models) plus getting good grades and parental disapproval of smoking/drug use (three of four models). Consistent risk factors included exposure to substance-using peers (four models) and problems in school (three of four models). Adult substance use was a predictor during early, but not later, adolescence; pro-smoking/drug use beliefs were significant predictors during later adolescence. There were few differences across gender and no significant buffers against risk. CONCLUSIONS At-risk youth would likely benefit from peer resistance training, parental involvement in prevention efforts, and efforts to improve educational performance during both middle school and high school. Changing pro-drug beliefs may be more effective among older adolescents.
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Martínez-Mantilla JA, Amaya-Naranjo W, Campillo HA, Díaz-Martínez LA, Campo-Arias A. Daily cigarette smoking among colombian high school students: gender related psychosocial factors. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2008; 16:903-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-11692008000500017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the prevalence of daily cigarette smoking (DCS) and its gender correlated factors in high-school attending adolescents from Bucaramanga, Colombia. A random cluster sample was surveyed (N = 2291). The previous month DCS prevalence was 11.6% (95% CI 9.7-13.5) in boys and 4.4% (95% CI 3.3-5.5) in girls. In girls, DCS was associated with previous month illegal substance use (OR 8.13, 95%CI 3.52-18.87), abusive alcohol consumption (OR 5.88, 95% CI 2.54-13.70), being the best friend of a smoker (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.38-7.63), and poor or mediocre academic achievement (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.25-4.85). In boys, DCS was related to previous month substance use (OR 6.23, 95% CI 3.62-10.71), being the best friend of a smoker (OR 5.87, 95% CI 2.93-11.76), poor or mediocre academic achievement (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.34-3.24), and being older than non-smokers (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.21-1.81). DCS presents associated factors very similar for girls and boys. Thus, more research is needed.
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Van De Ven MOM, Engels RCME, Sawyer SM. Asthma-specific predictors of smoking onset in adolescents with asthma: a longitudinal study. J Pediatr Psychol 2008; 34:118-28. [PMID: 18567925 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite even occasional smoking being more risky for adolescents with asthma, the smoking rate in this vulnerable population remains high. This is the first longitudinal study investigating asthma-specific predictors of smoking initiation. METHODS A three-wave longitudinal survey study (22 months) among 257 adolescents with asthma was conducted. The effects of asthma-specific factors [symptom severity, medication adherence, coping, attitude towards asthma, and quality of life (QOL)] on smoking onset were tested with logistic regression models. RESULTS Poorer self-reported adherence and the maladaptive coping strategy of hiding asthma predicted smoking onset. Poorer QOL predicted smoking in boys only. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the importance of recognizing and addressing adherence problems during adolescence as low adherence is a risk factor for smoking initiation. Moreover, psychosocial factors, such as coping and QOL for boys, were associated with smoking initiation. This highlights the importance of attending to the psychosocial needs of youth with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Best
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Sartor CE, Xian H, Scherrer JF, Lynskey MT, Duncan AE, Haber JR, Grant JD, Bucholz KK, Jacob T. Psychiatric and familial predictors of transition times between smoking stages: results from an offspring-of-twins study. Addict Behav 2008; 33:235-51. [PMID: 17900819 PMCID: PMC2572299 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The modifying effects of psychiatric and familial risk factors on age at smoking initiation, rate of progression from first cigarette to regular smoking, and transition time from regular smoking to nicotine dependence (ND) were examined in 1269 offspring of male twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Mean age of the sample was 20.1 years. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses adjusting for paternal alcohol dependence and ND status and maternal ND were conducted. Both early age at first cigarette and rapid transition from initiation to regular smoking were associated with externalizing disorders, alcohol consumption, and cannabis use. Rapid escalation from regular smoking to ND was also predicted by externalizing disorders, but in contrast to earlier transitions, revealed a strong association with internalizing disorders and no significant relationship with use of other substances. Findings characterize a rarely examined aspect of the course of ND development and highlight critical distinctions in risk profiles across stages of tobacco involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Ames SC, Rock E, Hurt RD, Patten CA, Croghan IT, Stoner SM, Decker PA, Offord KP, Nelson M. Development and feasibility of a parental support intervention for adolescent smokers. Subst Use Misuse 2008; 43:497-511. [PMID: 18365946 DOI: 10.1080/10826080701208426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to develop and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a parental support intervention. A new measure of perceived parental support for stopping smoking was also developed. The sample included 59 adolescent-parent pairs recruited from a mid-sized Midwestern town during 2000-2003. The mean +/- SD age of the participants (32 males, 27 females) was 16.3 +/- 0.9 (range 14-18) years and 86% were Caucasian, 7% American Indian, 5% African American, and 2% Hispanic. Participants were randomized to parental support or minimum behavioral intervention. Severity of nicotine dependence was evaluated using the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire, and perceived social support was evaluated using the Family Environment Scale and the new measure of perceived parent support for stopping smoking that was developed as part of this investigation. Treatment attendance, adherence, and acceptability were also evaluated. The parental support intervention was feasible but not superior to the minimum behavioral intervention with respect to attendance, retention, or change in support. This study expands on the knowledge of treating adolescent smokers and presents a new assessment measure. The study's limitations are noted. This investigation was funded by NICHHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Ames
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.
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Bancej C, O'Loughlin J, Platt RW, Paradis G, Gervais A. Smoking cessation attempts among adolescent smokers: a systematic review of prevalence studies. Tob Control 2007; 16:e8. [PMID: 18048598 PMCID: PMC2807205 DOI: 10.1136/tc.2006.018853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise estimates of the prevalence of cessation attempts among adolescent smokers generally, and according to age and level of cigarette consumption. DATA SOURCES PubMed, ERIC, and PsychInfo databases and Internet searches of central data collection agencies. STUDY SELECTION National population-based studies published in English between 1990 and 2005 reporting the prevalence, frequency and/or duration of cessation attempts among smokers aged >or=10 to <20 years. DATA EXTRACTION Five reviewers determined inclusion criteria for full-text reports. One reviewer extracted data on the design, population characteristics and results from the reports. DATA SYNTHESIS In total, 52 studies conformed to the inclusion criteria. The marked heterogeneity that characterised the study populations and survey questions precluded a meta-analysis. Among adolescent current smokers, the median 6-month, 12-month and lifetime cessation attempt prevalence was 58% (range: 22-73%), 68% (range 43-92%) and 71% (range 28-84%), respectively. More than half had made multiple attempts. Among smokers who had attempted cessation, the median prevalence of relapse was 34, 56, 89 and 92% within 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year, respectively, following the longest attempt. Younger (age<16 years) and non-daily smokers experienced a similar or higher prevalence of cessation attempts compared with older (age >or=16 years) or daily smokers. Moreover, the prevalence of relapse by 6 months following the longest cessation attempt was similar across age and smoking frequency. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of cessation attempts and relapse among adolescent smokers extends to young adolescents and non-daily smokers. Cessation surveillance, research and program development should be more inclusive of these subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bancej
- McGill University, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Montreal, Canada
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Parent–Child Relations, Conduct Problems and Cigarette Use in Adolescence: Examining the Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Patterns of Behavior. J Youth Adolesc 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-007-9254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Van de Ven MOM, Engels RCME, Kerstjens HAM, Van den Eijnden RJJM. Bidirectionality in the relationship between asthma and smoking in adolescents: a population-based cohort study. J Adolesc Health 2007; 41:444-54. [PMID: 17950164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several cross-sectional studies have showed higher smoking rates among adolescents with asthma, but hardly any study has investigated this relation longitudinally. This study examines whether these cross-sectional results are caused by higher smoking onset among adolescents with asthma, or by the development of asthma after smoking onset. METHODS This was a longitudinal study (22 months) among 7,426 Dutch adolescents (mean age at baseline = 12.9 years). Asthma was assessed with self-report questionnaires of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and the student questionnaire of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Adolescents' smoking and parental smoking were also assessed by adolescent-report. All analyses were controlled for age, gender, education, ethnicity, and parental smoking. RESULTS In baseline non-smokers, adolescents with current diagnosed asthma and with more severe asthma had an increased risk to become regular smokers. Among girls and adolescents with a smoking mother, having asthma symptoms was a risk factor for starting experimental smoking. In contrast, among boys and adolescents with a non-smoking mother, having asthma symptoms was protective for experimental smoking. With regard to the effect of smoking on asthma, adolescent smoking predicted a higher incidence of asthma symptoms. In addition, smoking predicted increased symptom severity scores, and this effect was stronger in girls. Adolescent smoking was a stronger predictor for the development of asthma symptoms when the mother smoked. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between asthma and smoking in adolescence seems to be bidirectional, with relations in both directions being stronger in females and when the mother smokes.
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Webb CP, Bromet EJ, Tintle NL, Schwartz JE, Gluzman SF, Kostyuchenko S, Havenaar JM. Smoking initiation and nicotine dependence symptoms in Ukraine: findings from the Ukraine World Mental Health survey. Public Health 2007; 121:663-72. [PMID: 17544466 PMCID: PMC2793595 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cigarette smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in former Soviet countries. This study examined the personal, familial and psychiatric risk factors for smoking initiation and development of nicotine dependence symptoms in Ukraine. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS Smoking history and dependence symptoms were ascertained from N=1711 adults in Ukraine as part of a national mental health survey conducted in 2002. Separate analyses were conducted for men and women. RESULTS The prevalence of lifetime regular smoking was 80.5% in men and 18.7% in women, with median ages at initiation among smokers of 17 and 18, respectively. Furthermore, 61.2% of men and 11.9% of women were current smokers; among the subgroup of lifetime smokers, 75.9% of men and 63.1% of women currently smoked. The youngest female cohort (born 1965-1984) was 26 times more likely to start smoking than the oldest. Smoking initiation was also linked to childhood externalizing behaviors and antecedent use of alcohol in both genders, as well as marital status and personal alcohol abuse in men, and childhood urbanicity and birth cohort in women. Dependence symptoms developed in 61.7% of male and 47.1% of female smokers. The rate increased sharply in the first four years after smoking initiation. Dependence symptoms were related to birth cohort and alcohol abuse in both genders, as well as growing up in a suburb or town and childhood externalizing behaviors in men, and parental antisocial behavior in women. CONCLUSIONS Increased smoking in young women heralds a rising epidemic in Ukraine and underscores the need for primary prevention programs, especially in urban areas. Our findings support the importance of childhood and alcohol-related risk factors, especially in women, while pre-existing depression and anxiety disorders were only weakly associated with starting to smoke or developing dependence symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Johan M. Havenaar
- Department of Psychiatry, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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48
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Tercyak KP, Peshkin BN, Abraham A, Wine L, Walker LR. Interest in genetic counseling and testing for adolescent nicotine addiction susceptibility among a sample of adolescent medicine providers attending a scientific conference on adolescent health. J Adolesc Health 2007; 41:42-50. [PMID: 17577533 PMCID: PMC2171031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preventing adolescents from smoking and becoming addicted to nicotine is an important public health issue. New research on the genetics of susceptibility to nicotine addition is emerging and may eventually help to identify adolescents at high risk. Over time, genetic counseling and testing for nicotine addiction susceptibility may become incorporated into tobacco control practice, and providers in primary care settings are likely to be at the forefront of these services. As such, it is important to understand the attitudes and practices of adolescent medicine providers toward tobacco control and genetic testing to anticipate better the needs and interests of these individuals and prepare for the future. This study describes adolescent medicine providers' interest, and correlates of their interest, in genetic counseling and testing for nicotine addiction susceptibility among their adolescent patients--a test that is not yet clinically available. METHODS Adolescent medicine providers attending a national scientific conference (N = 232) completed a survey about their patient tobacco control and other screening behaviors, perceptions of their patients' attitudes and beliefs toward tobacco control, and their own attitudes and beliefs about smoking and genetics. RESULTS Providers who engaged in more regular tobacco screening behaviors with their adolescent patients (odds ratio [OR] = 4.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.20, 7.751, p = .00) and those who were more optimistic that biobehavioral research would lead to significant improvements in adolescent smoking prevention and treatment (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.40, 4.37, p = .00), were more interested in counseling and testing. CONCLUSIONS In the future, adolescent wellness visits may present an opportunity to offer genetic counseling and testing for nicotine addiction susceptibility. Implementation at the provider level may depend on tobacco screening behavior and research optimism. Educating providers about safe and effective adolescent tobacco control strategies incorporating genetics will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Tercyak
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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49
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Hoving C, Reubsaet A, de Vries H. Predictors of smoking stage transitions for adolescent boys and girls. Prev Med 2007; 44:485-9. [PMID: 17363048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of this study was to identify predictors of transition from never smoking to smoking monthly or more often in a European sample of adolescents. To show whether predictors differed between genders, analyses were run for boys and girls separately. METHODS From six European countries, 4055 never smokers participated at baseline (1998). One year later, respondents were asked to indicate their smoking status. Respondents were categorized as smoker (smoking monthly or more) or non-smoker (smoking less than monthly). The predictive qualities of predisposing, motivational and intentional concepts were assessed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Girls were more likely to be a smoker at follow-up. More spending money, modeling from parents and a higher intention to start smoking were predictive of smoking uptake in both genders. Boys were more likely to start smoking when perceiving less cons of smoking, drinking more alcohol and perceiving a social norm towards not smoking from parents. Girls experiencing higher social pressure to smoke from friends were more likely to start smoking. CONCLUSIONS Separate uptake prevention interventions for boys and girls do not seem warranted. Boys may benefit from a program also addressing other deviant behaviors. Girls should continue to be supplied with specific skills to resist social pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciska Hoving
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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50
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Granero R, Sánchez M. [Changes in tobacco use and related factors in Junior High School students, Lara State, Venezuela, 2000-2003]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2007; 22:1893-9. [PMID: 16917586 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2006000900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a school-based surveillance system. In Lara State, Venezuela, it was conducted by a coalition of organizations. The instrument includes: attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, mass media, and marketing. Participation was 85.7% in 2000 and 79.3% in 2003. Comparing prevalence (%) from 2000 to 2003: "first contact": unchanged (22.8%); "males having first cigarette before the age of 10": decreased (21.5% to 16.7%); "current cigarette smoker": unchanged (8.4% to 8.3%); "male smokers wanted to quit": increased (62.6% to 84.7%); "exposure to environmental tobacco smoke": increased (43.9% a 50.7%), "support ban on smoking in public places": unchanged (> 80%), "received free promotional cigarettes": increased (9.5% a 13.4%), and "no problem buying cigarettes": decreased in males (97% to 74.3%) and in females (95.9% to 90.3%). Tobacco use has remained unchanged, a situation attributed in part to marketing, including free cigarettes, and lack of law enforcement. GYTS provides evidence to support the design, implementation, and monitoring of policies and programs aimed at the prevention and control of tobacco use among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Granero
- Asociación Cardiovascular Centro Occidental. Carrera 17 con Calle 12, Barquisimeto Estado Lara, República Bolivariana de Venezuela.
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