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Brasileiro J, Widman L, Hurst JL. Sexual self-efficacy and sexual communication among adolescent girls: moderated mediation results from a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1273-1287. [PMID: 34905990 PMCID: PMC9210825 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2012573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guided by the Operating Conditions Framework, the goal of this study was to identify how and for whom an online sexual health program called Health Education and Relationship Training (HEART) worked. DESIGN Data come from a randomized controlled trial among 198 U.S. high school girls who completed HEART or an attention-matched control. We conducted mediation and moderated mediation models to determine if sexual self-efficacy was a mediator and if program acceptability and sexual activity status were moderators of HEART efficacy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Sexual communication skills were assessed with a behavioral role-play task. RESULTS HEART significantly improved sexual communication skills. These effects were fully mediated through sexual self-efficacy. Specifically, HEART improved sexual self-efficacy which in turn increased sexual communication skills. Also, when participants liked the program more, the effect of HEART on sexual self-efficacy was stronger. Further, among girls who had engaged in sexual activity, sexual self-efficacy was significantly associated with sexual communication skills. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the mechanisms of behavior change underlying HEART. Results highlight the need to further 'unpack' the effects of other sexual health programs, as we showed that programs may work better under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brasileiro
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Hurst
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
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2
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Casola AR, Matson PA, Jones RM. Association between relationship characteristics, sexual health attitudes, and dual contraceptive use among young adult college students aged 18-24. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:314-324. [PMID: 32529927 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1751172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective Determine the relationship characteristics, sexual health attitudes, and demographic factors associated with dual contraceptive use among college students. Participants: September-October 2018 via campus email, we recruited College of Public Health students attending a large, urban, public university (N = 424). Methods: Respondents completed a cross-sectional, Web-based sexual health questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Multiple logistic regression models were run to determine the association between relationship characteristics, pregnancy and condom attitudes, demographics, and dual use the last time having sex. Results: In independent models, one-unit increase in trust (aOR = 0.982; 95% CI: 0.966-0.998) and commitment score (aOR = 0.987, 95% CI: 0.976-0.999) was inversely associated with dual use while sex with a casual date/acquaintance (aOR = 3.149; 95% CI: 1.550-6.397) was positively associated. In a fully adjusted model for all correlates, only trust score was significant (aOR = 0.982; 95% CI: 0.966, 0.998). Conclusions: Emotion-based constructs may be more influential on dual use behaviors than discrete relationship factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Casola
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pamela A Matson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Resa M Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Abstract
Rates of sexual activity, pregnancies, and births among adolescents have continued to decline during the past decade to historic lows. Despite these positive trends, many adolescents remain at risk for unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This technical report discusses the new data and trends in adolescent sexual behavior and barrier protection use. Since 2017, STI rates have increased and use of barrier methods, specifically external condom use, has declined among adolescents and young adults. Interventions that increase availability of or accessibility to barrier methods are most efficacious when combined with additional individual, small-group, or community-level activities that include messages about safer sex. Continued research informs public health interventions for adolescents that increase the consistent and correct use of barrier methods and promote dual protection of barrier methods for STI prevention together with other effective methods of contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Grubb
- Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health and Community Medicine, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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4
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Ruiz Y, Riciputi S, Alexander SC, DeMaria AL, Guilamo-Ramos V. Examining dual method contraceptive use among midwestern parenting Latinx teens: Perspectives from adolescent parents, caretakers, and nurses. Public Health Nurs 2020; 37:647-654. [PMID: 32656790 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite dual method (DM) contraception being effective in reducing repeat-births and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), Latinx adolescent parents who live in non-traditional migration areas remain vulnerable for both outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study applied the Unified Theory of Behavior (UTB) and drew upon Bronfenbrenner's social ecological model to explore multiple stakeholders' (adolescent parents, caregivers, and nurses) perceptions of factors that influence DM intentions and use among Latinx adolescent parents. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with Latinx adolescent parent-caregiver dyads and nurses were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Study findings revealed that while all participant groups considered medical providers as DM influencers, contradicting views related to caregivers' as DM influencers emerged among adolescent parents and caregivers. Findings suggest that DM is deemed both acceptable and effective; and adolescent parents' reported DM self-efficacy. DM obstacles included negative emotions, environmental constraints, and poor knowledge and skills. CONCLUSIONS Study results suggest that constructs from the UTB framework are useful in identifying individual and social factors that can potentially influence DM intentions and use among Latinx adolescent parents. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING This study's findings have potential implications for public health nurses interested in designing community-based interventions to reduce repeat-births and STIs among Latinx adolescent parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumary Ruiz
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shaina Riciputi
- Colorado Department of Human Services, Office of Behavioral Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Stewart C Alexander
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Andrea L DeMaria
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Chmielewski JF, Bowman CP, Tolman DL. Pathways to Pleasure and Protection: Exploring Embodiment, Desire, and Entitlement to Pleasure as Predictors of Black and White Young Women’s Sexual Agency. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0361684320917395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual agency is a fundamental dimension of sexual subjectivity and well-being. Research and theory suggest that it functions in the service of both protection from harm and enabling sexual pleasure. However, sexual agency can be difficult for women to navigate in a social landscape in which femininity ideologies remain powerful social forces, operating in racialized ways. We examined how embodiment, sexual desire, and entitlement to sexual pleasure were associated with sexual agency in the service of protection (i.e., condom use and refusing unwanted sex) and pleasure (i.e., asking for what one wants from a sexual partner) for Black and White heterosexual college women using path analysis and path invariance testing. We found that across race, women’s embodiment was associated with greater comfort with their sexual desire, which in turn was associated with greater entitlement to sexual pleasure and sexual agency in service of both pleasure and protection. While Black and White women evidenced similar levels of both forms of agency, Black participants’ agency in the service of protection was unrelated to their entitlement to sexual pleasure. We discuss these findings in light of racialized discourses of women’s sexuality and the importance of understanding sexual desire as anchored in the body and enabling young women’s sexual agency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborah L. Tolman
- Department of Psychology, The CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Women and Gender Studies, Hunter College, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Arora KS, Zhao X, Judge-Golden C, Mor MK, Callegari LS, Borrero S. Factors Associated with Choice of Sterilization Among Women Veterans. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 29:989-995. [PMID: 32017866 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We sought to compare associations of contraceptive preferences, beliefs, self-efficacy, and knowledge with use of sterilization versus other methods of contraception. Materials and Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a telephone-based survey of a nationally representative sample of women Veterans not desiring future pregnancy. Contraceptive method used at last sex was categorized as female sterilization, long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), short-acting methods, or nonprescription methods/no method. Multinomial regression models were performed to compare the association between independent variables (contraceptive preferences, beliefs, self-efficacy, and knowledge) and use of sterilization versus other contraceptive methods. Results: Six hundred twelve women Veterans aged 18-44 years who were sexually active with men, had no history of hysterectomy or infertility, did not desire future pregnancy, and were not using male sterilization as their method of contraception were surveyed. A total of 208 women Veterans reported using female sterilization (34.0%). While method effectiveness was rated as extremely important by the majority of participants, there was no association between perceiving method effectiveness as extremely important and method selected in adjusted multinomial models. Women Veterans were more likely to use sterilization compared to hormonal methods of contraception if they reported that lack of hormones was an extremely important contraceptive method characteristic (aRRR 3.69, 95% CI 1.94-7.03). Women Veterans who strongly agreed with the belief that birth control decisions are mainly a woman's responsibility were less likely to use sterilization compared to LARC (aRRR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-0.98). Conclusion: Associations between contraceptive preferences, beliefs, self-efficacy, and knowledge and use of sterilization in a population of women Veterans not desiring future pregnancy are complex, and decisions may not solely be driven by desire to select a highly effective method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Shah Arora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen Judge-Golden
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria K Mor
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa S Callegari
- Health Services Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sonya Borrero
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Guzzo KB, Hayford SR, Lang VW, Wu HS, Barber J, Kusunoki Y. Dimensions of Reproductive Attitudes and Knowledge Related to Unintended Childbearing Among U.S. Adolescents and Young Adults. Demography 2019; 56:201-228. [PMID: 30523559 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-018-0747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Measures of attitudes and knowledge predict reproductive behavior, such as unintended fertility among adolescents and young adults. However, there is little consensus as to the underlying dimensions these measures represent, how to compare findings across surveys using different measures, or how to interpret the concepts captured by existing measures. To guide future research on reproductive behavior, we propose an organizing framework for existing measures. We suggest that two overarching multidimensional concepts-reproductive attitudes and reproductive knowledge-can be applied to understand existing research using various measures. We adapt psychometric analytic techniques to analyze two data sets: the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life study (RDSL). Although the specific survey measures and sample composition of the two data sets are different, the dimensionality of the concepts and the content of the items used to measure their latent factors are remarkably consistent across the two data sets, and the factors are predictive of subsequent contraceptive behavior. However, some survey items do not seem strongly related to any dimension of either construct, and some dimensions of the two concepts appear to be poorly measured with existing survey questions. Nonetheless, we argue that the concepts of reproductive attitudes and reproductive knowledge are useful for categorizing and analyzing social psychological measures related to unintended fertility. The results can be used to guide secondary data analyses to predict reproductive behavior, compare results across data sets, and structure future data collection efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Benjamin Guzzo
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403-0222, USA.
| | - Sarah R Hayford
- Department of Sociology, Ohio State University, 238 Townshend Hall, 1885 Neil Avenue Mall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Vanessa Wanner Lang
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403-0222, USA
| | - Hsueh-Sheng Wu
- Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403-0222, USA
| | - Jennifer Barber
- Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yasamin Kusunoki
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 N. Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Ksinan Jiskrova G, Vazsonyi AT. Multi-contextual influences on adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections in the United States. Soc Sci Med 2019; 224:28-36. [PMID: 30735926 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Rates of adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States remain high. Norms and beliefs about sex and the use of contraception have been identified as potential contributors to these. OBJECTIVE The current study examined multi-contextual links between norms and beliefs about sex and contraception, and adolescent pregnancies and STIs. METHOD Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to test the study questions in the historical data from Add Health dataset (Wave I, 1994-1995, and Wave II, 1995-1996). Measures of beliefs about sex and contraception were administered to adolescents and their caregivers; pregnancies and STIs were reported by adolescents (N = 13,568; level 1). School-reported data (N = 132; level 2) included sexuality education and prevalence of pregnancies at schools. Community data included the density of family planning providers in each county. RESULTS Adolescents negative beliefs about contraception were associated with a higher likelihood of pregnancies and STIs via their association with contraception use. The opposite effect was found for negative beliefs about sex. Parental disapproval of contraception was associated with a decreased likelihood of STIs, but with an increased likelihood of pregnancies. A greater number of pregnancies at school was associated with a greater likelihood of STIs. Unexpectedly, the number of county-level family planning providers was associated with a higher likelihood of STIs. CONCLUSION Adolescent individual beliefs emerged as the most salient predictors of both pregnancies and STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ksinan Jiskrova
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, 319 Funkhouser Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Alexander T Vazsonyi
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, 316 Funkhouser Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
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Chernick LS, Siden JY, Bell DL, Dayan PS. A Qualitative Assessment to Understand the Barriers and Enablers Affecting Contraceptive Use Among Adolescent Male Emergency Department Patients. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988319825919. [PMID: 30819063 PMCID: PMC6440070 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319825919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early fatherhood is common in the United States (U.S.). The emergency department (ED) plays a disproportionate role in serving patients with unmet reproductive and sexual health needs. With 8 million adolescent males visiting U.S. EDs annually, the ED is a potential site to implement interventions to minimize early fatherhood and unintended teenage pregnancy. Little is known about how adolescent male ED patients perceive and behave in sexual relationships and how they influence contraceptive decision making. The objective of this study was to identify the barriers and enablers affecting contraceptive and condom use among adolescent male ED patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted with males aged 14-19 in one urban ED. Enrollment continued until saturation of key themes. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded based on thematic analysis using NVivo 10. The Social Ecological Model was used to organize and understand themes. Participants ( n = 24) were predominantly 18-19 years (63%) and Hispanic (92%). Most (71%) had sex ≤3 months prior but infrequently used a condom at last intercourse (42%). The primary barrier influencing contraceptive use was lack of knowledge of effective contraceptives. Other barriers consisted of perceived gender roles, poor partner communication, and little relationship with a primary provider. Enablers included intention not to get a partner pregnant, school-based sexual health education, normalcy to use condoms, and a trustworthy confidante. The identified barriers and enablers influencing adolescent males' perspectives toward contraceptives should be addressed if designing future ED-based pregnancy prevention interventions targeting teen males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S. Chernick
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Y. Siden
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David L. Bell
- Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter S. Dayan
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Soller B, Jackson AL. Girls' self-efficacy in the context of neighborhood gender stratification. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2018; 72:100-114. [PMID: 29609733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Scholars have linked neighborhood characteristics to self-efficacy, but few have considered how gender factors into this association. We integrate literature on neighborhoods, gender stratification, and self-efficacy to examine the association between women's relative resources among neighborhood residents and adolescents' self-efficacy. We hypothesize that girls report more self-efficacy when they reside in neighborhoods where women have more socioeconomic resources relative to men. We test this hypothesis using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods and the 1990 Census. Results from multilevel regression models with gender-interacted effects indicate the neighborhood level of women's relative resources was not associated with boys' self-efficacy. However, girls reported higher self-efficacy when women's relative resources in their neighborhoods were greater. This association persisted after including potential individual- and neighborhood-level confounding variables. Our study underscores the importance of attending to gendered processes when understanding how neighborhoods impact youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Soller
- Department of Sociology, University of New Mexico, MSC05 3080, 1915 Roma NE Ste. 1103, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Aubrey L Jackson
- Department of Sociology, University of New Mexico, MSC05 3080, 1915 Roma NE Ste. 1103, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
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11
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Coyle KK, Peterson AJ, Franks HM, Anderson PM, Glassman JR. Dual Contraceptive Method Use Among Youth in Alternative Schools. J Prim Prev 2018; 37:561-567. [PMID: 27798719 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-016-0453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dual contraceptive method use, or using a highly effective contraceptive method plus a barrier method like condoms, is gaining attention as a strategy for preventing unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. We investigated rates of dual method use among a sample of youth in urban alternative schools, and explored the relationship between dual method use and sexual partner type. The study analyzed data from 765 students enrolled in 11 district-run continuation high schools in northern California. We explored the association between dual method use and sexual partner type (steady only, a mix of steady and non-steady, and non-steady only) using logistic regression. Differences in dual rates by partner type were statistically significant, with higher rates of dual methods use reported among young people reporting non-steady sexual partners only, as compared to those with steady partners only. The data illustrate that young people in alternative school settings could gain from further intervention on the benefits, skills, and challenges of using two methods of contraception as opposed to one with both steady and non-steady sexual partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin K Coyle
- ETR, 100 Enterprise Way, Suite G300, Scotts Valley, CA, 95066, USA.
| | | | - Heather M Franks
- ETR, 100 Enterprise Way, Suite G300, Scotts Valley, CA, 95066, USA
| | | | - Jill R Glassman
- ETR, 100 Enterprise Way, Suite G300, Scotts Valley, CA, 95066, USA
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12
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de Castro F, Place JM, Allen-Leigh B, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Dues K, Eternod Arámburu M, Hernández-Avila M. Perceptions of adolescent 'simulated clients' on barriers to seeking contraceptive services in health centers and pharmacies in Mexico. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2018; 16:118-123. [PMID: 29804755 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine adolescent simulated clients' perceived barriers to quality care as they sought information on contraceptives in public-sector healthcare facilities and pharmacies in Mexico. STUDY DESIGN We used a qualitative research design and conducted semi-structured interviews with eight young women who posed as simulated clients at health centers and pharmacies in Mexico City. Grounded Theory was used to analyze the transcripts. RESULTS Barriers to receiving information about contraceptives included healthcare professionals who gave administrative pretexts to avoid providing services. Simulated clients also felt judged by healthcare professionals and reported a lack of simple, understandable and pertinent information. Healthcare professionals did not ensure clients understood and had no further questions about using contraceptives, which resulted in clients' poor perceived self-efficacy, as well as a lack of confidence in the healthcare system to help them. CONCLUSIONS When healthcare professionals fail to provide services according to the World Health Organization's five basic criteria of adolescent friendly care, adolescents perceive important barriers in their access to contraceptive methods. Quality of sexual health care in Mexico would benefit from efforts to improve healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes and skills related to adolescent friendly service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa de Castro
- Reproductive Health Division, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Universidad No. 655 Colonia Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, C.P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jean Marie Place
- Ball State University, Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Muncie, IN, USA; Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Cooper Science Building, CL 325, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
| | - Betania Allen-Leigh
- Reproductive Health Division, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Universidad No. 655 Colonia Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, C.P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez
- Reproductive Health Division, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Universidad No. 655 Colonia Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, C.P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Kiya Dues
- Ball State University, Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Muncie, IN, USA; Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Cooper Science Building, CL 325, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Marcela Eternod Arámburu
- National Institute of Women of Mexico, Blvd. Adolfo Lopez Mateos 3325, Piso 5., San Jeronimo Lidice, Distrito Federal. CP 10200, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Hernández-Avila
- Reproductive Health Division, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Universidad No. 655 Colonia Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, C.P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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13
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Lemoine J, Teal SB, Peters M, Guiahi M. Motivating factors for dual-method contraceptive use among adolescents and young women: a qualitative investigation. Contraception 2017; 96:352-356. [PMID: 28669507 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This qualitative study explores how adolescents and young women perceive the need for and describe the use of dual method contraception. STUDY DESIGN We interviewed 20 sexually active women aged 16-24 who attended an adolescent-focused Title X family-planning clinic and were using a non-barrier contraceptive method. We used a semi-structured interview guide that included domains related to sexual activity, knowledge of and use of contraceptives and condoms, and relationship factors. We coded transcripts using grounded theory techniques and used an iterative process to develop overarching themes. RESULTS Dual method contraceptive users primarily discussed pregnancy prevention as their motivating factor. Many expressed anxieties over an unplanned pregnancy and reported condom use as "back-up" contraception. Risk perception for pregnancy or STI acquisition did not necessarily change as relationship trust increased, but rather, their anxiety regarding the negativity of such outcomes decreased. Dual-method contraception use decreased when participants reported that condoms were not readily available, or when they self-described immaturity. Less frequently, participants reported dual method use for sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention, and many substituted STI testing for condom use. Contraceptive type (short-acting vs. long-acting) did not influence reported attitudes towards dual method use. CONCLUSION Health educators and clinicians encourage condom use in young women due to the significant morbidity associated with STI acquisition. Most participants in our study view condoms as a way to improve pregnancy prevention. Acknowledging and addressing this divergence in motivation will allow caregivers to improve strategies for communicating the importance of dual method use. IMPLICATIONS Young women primarily describe pregnancy prevention as the reason for dual method use, STI protection is less salient. Consideration of this viewpoint by health educators and clinicians will allow us to communicate more effectively to prevent STI morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lemoine
- University of Colorado, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Family Planning, 12631 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephanie B Teal
- University of Colorado, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Family Planning, 12631 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marissa Peters
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center 206 W. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Maryam Guiahi
- University of Colorado, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Family Planning, 12631 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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14
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Callegari LS, Zhao X, Schwarz EB, Rosenfeld E, Mor MK, Borrero S. Racial/ethnic differences in contraceptive preferences, beliefs, and self-efficacy among women veterans. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 216:504.e1-504.e10. [PMID: 28063910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant racial/ethnic disparities in unintended pregnancy persist in the United States, with the highest rates observed among low-income black and Hispanic women. Differences in contraceptive preferences, beliefs, and self-efficacy may be instrumental in understanding contraceptive behaviors that underlie higher rates of unintended pregnancy among racial/ethnic minorities. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to understand how contraceptive preferences, beliefs, and self-efficacy vary by race and ethnicity among women veterans. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed data from the Examining Contraceptive Use and Unmet Need Study, a national telephone survey of women veterans aged 18-44 years who had received primary care at the Veterans Administration in the prior 12 months. Participants rated the importance of various contraceptive characteristics and described their level of agreement with contraceptive beliefs using Likert scales. Contraceptive self-efficacy was assessed by asking participants to rate their certainty that they could use contraception consistently and as indicated over time using a Likert scale. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between race/ethnicity and contraceptive attitudes, controlling for age, marital status, education, income, religion, parity, deployment history, and history of medical and mental health conditions. RESULTS Among the 2302 women veterans who completed a survey, 52% were non-Hispanic white, 29% were non-Hispanic black, and 12% were Hispanic. In adjusted analyses, compared with whites, blacks had lower odds of considering contraceptive effectiveness extremely important (adjusted odds ratio; 0.55, 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.74) and higher odds of considering the categories of does not contain any hormones and prevents sexually transmitted infections extremely important (adjusted odds ratio, 1.94, 95% confidence interval, 1.56-2.41, and adjusted odds ratio; 1.99, 95% confidence interval, 1.57-2.51, respectively). Hispanics also had higher odds than whites of considering the category of does not contain any hormones and prevents sexually transmitted infections extremely important (adjusted odds ratio, 1.72, 95% confidence interval, 1.29-2.28, and adjusted odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.19, respectively). Compared with whites, blacks and Hispanics had higher odds of expressing fatalistic beliefs about pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio, 1.79, 95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.39, and adjusted odds ratio, 1.48, 95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.17, respectively); higher odds of viewing contraception as primarily a woman's responsibility (adjusted odds ratio, 1.92, 95% confidence interval, 1.45-2.55, and adjusted odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-2.54, respectively); and lower odds of being very sure that they could use a contraceptive method as indicated over the course of a year (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73, 95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.98, and adjusted odds ratio, 0.66, 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.96, respectively). CONCLUSION Women veterans' contraceptive preferences, beliefs, and self-efficacy varied by race/ethnicity, which may help explain observed racial/ethnic disparities in contraceptive use and unintended pregnancy. These differences underscore the need to elicit women's individual values and preferences when providing patient-centered contraceptive counseling.
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Clarke KEN, Kraft JM, Wiener JB, Hatfield-Timajchy K, Kottke M, Sales JM, Goedken P, Kourtis AP. Factors Associated with Contraceptive Use Differ between Younger and Older African-American Female Adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016; 29:448-453. [PMID: 26877099 PMCID: PMC6391058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2016.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine differences in factors associated with contraceptive use between younger and older adolescent age groups, which has not previously been well described. DESIGN Age group-specific analyses were performed on cross-sectional survey data to identify factors associated with any contraceptive use at last sex among younger (14- to 16-year-old) and older (17- to 19-year-old) sexually active African American female adolescents; interaction analyses were used to assess whether these associations differed by age. SETTING Adolescent reproductive health clinic in Atlanta, Georgia. PARTICIPANTS Sexually active African American female adolescents 14-19 years of age. INTERVENTIONS No intervention tested; cross-sectional design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Self-reported contraceptive use during most recent vaginal sex with a male partner. RESULTS The prevalence of contraceptive use at last sex was identical in both groups; however, factors associated with contraceptive use differed according to age. The only factor associated with contraceptive use in both age groups was involvement in decisions about sexual health in the most recent relationship. Associations between factors and contraceptive use significantly differed according to age. History of sexually transmitted infection, age difference with partner, discussion of condoms with partner, and concurrent partners were important factors among younger adolescents; worry about pregnancy and discussion of birth control with partner were important among older adolescents. CONCLUSION Factors associated with contraceptive use at last sex differ according to adolescent age; this should be considered when designing counseling and interventions for teens, as well as research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Marie Kraft
- Division of Reproductive Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey B Wiener
- Division of Reproductive Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kendra Hatfield-Timajchy
- Division of Reproductive Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa Kottke
- Division of Family Planning, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica M Sales
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peggy Goedken
- Division of Family Planning, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Athena P Kourtis
- Division of Reproductive Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Tsuyuki K, Gipson JD, Urada L, Barbosa RM, Morisky DE. Dual protection to address the global syndemic of HIV and unintended pregnancy in Brazil. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PLANNING AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE 2016; 42:271-279. [PMID: 26880759 PMCID: PMC5384873 DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2015-101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndemic HIV and unintended pregnancy is prevalent in Brazil, where 79% of female HIV cases occur in women of reproductive age and 55% of all pregnancies are unintended. Although increasing condom use to prevent HIV may decrease non-barrier contraception and increase unintended pregnancy, few studies focus on dual protection or dual methods (condoms with another modern contraceptive). AIM To describe the correlates of dual method use and consistent condom use in women of reproductive age in Brazil. METHOD Data are from the 2006 Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, a decennial nationally representative household survey of women of reproductive age in Brazil. Multivariate logistic regression models identify the socio-demographic, sexual debut, fertility and relationship factors associated with dual method use and consistent condom use. RESULTS Two-thirds of contracepting women in Brazil used dual protection (40% exclusive condoms, 27% dual methods). Consistent condom use in the past year occurred among 61% of exclusive condom users and 27% of dual method users. Dual methods (vs exclusive condoms) was associated with some high school education [relative risk ratio (RRR)=1.69, p<0.05], living in the Southern region (RRR=1.59, p<0.01), and number of children (RRR=1.22, p<0.01), net of other factors. Consistent condom use was associated with condom use at sexual debut [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.84, p<0.001], wants no (more) children (AOR=1.86, p<0.001), single/separated relationship status (AOR=2.77/2.45, p<0.001) and using exclusive condoms (vs dual methods: AOR=0.19, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight that targeting and delivering integrated HIV and family planning services should focus on completed/large families. single/separated individuals, and promoting dual protection at sexual debut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Tsuyuki
- Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD)
| | - Jessica D. Gipson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Lianne Urada
- Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD)
| | - Regina M. Barbosa
- Population Studies Center (NEPO), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Donald E. Morisky
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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Ghobadzadeh M, Sieving RE, Gloppen K. Positive Youth Development and Contraceptive Use Consistency. J Pediatr Health Care 2016; 30:308-16. [PMID: 26481270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding protective factors associated with adolescent contraceptive use can guide strategies to prevent unprotected sex and its consequences. The current study investigated associations between a set of protective factors, specifically indicators of positive youth development, and consistency of contraceptive use. METHOD This cross-sectional study examined relationships between positive youth development indicators and consistency of contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent girls at elevated risk for pregnancy. Multivariate models assessed whether measures of individual attributes, social attachments, and social norms were associated with consistent condom and hormonal contraceptive use. RESULTS Adolescents with higher self-esteem and greater family connectedness reported more consistent hormonal contraceptive use. Two factors, stress management skills and perceived peer prosocial norms, were protective for consistent condom use. In contrast, steady partnership status was associated with less consistent condom use. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that interventions targeting protective factors may influence adolescents' contraceptive use, in addition to promoting their healthy development.
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Jones KA, Cornelius MD, Silverman JG, Tancredi DJ, Decker MR, Haggerty CL, De Genna NM, Miller E. Abusive Experiences and Young Women's Sexual Health Outcomes: Is Condom Negotiation Self-Efficacy a Mediator? PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2016; 48:57-64. [PMID: 27077497 PMCID: PMC4909564 DOI: 10.1363/48e8616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Intimate partner violence and reproductive coercion are associated with unintended pregnancies and STDs. Greater condom negotiation self-efficacy among young women may mediate these associations. METHODS A sample of 841 female adolescents (aged 16-19) and 1,387 young adult women (aged 20-24) recruited from 24 family planning clinics in western Pennsylvania in 2011-2012 reported on intimate partner violence, reproductive coercion, condom negotiation self-efficacy and sexual health outcomes at baseline and four- and 12-month follow-ups. Mixed models were used to test associations of intimate partner violence and reproductive coercion with unintended pregnancy and STD diagnosis. The Sobel test of mediation was used to measure indirect effects of condom negotiation self-efficacy. RESULTS At baseline, 15% of adolescents and 11% of young adults reported recent intimate partner violence victimization; 7% and 6%, respectively, reported recent reproductive coercion. For both age-groups, intimate partner violence and reproductive coercion were associated with a reduced level of condom negotiation self-efficacy (coefficients, -0.27 to -0.13) and increased odds of STD diagnosis (odds ratios, 1.03-1.1). However, only reproductive coercion was associated with unintended pregnancy (odds ratios, 1.1 for each group). The only association that condom negotiation self-efficacy mediated was between reproductive coercion and unintended pregnancy among young adults (17% of total effect). CONCLUSIONS Targeting condom negotiation self-efficacy alone in abusive relationships would likely not translate into improved sexual health outcomes in this population. Other strategies are needed to prevent unintended pregnancy and STDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley A Jones
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh.
| | - Marie D Cornelius
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Jay G Silverman
- Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Michele R Decker
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Catherine L Haggerty
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
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Steiner RJ, Liddon N, Swartzendruber AL, Rasberry CN, Sales JM. Long-Acting Reversible Contraception and Condom Use Among Female US High School Students: Implications for Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention. JAMA Pediatr 2016; 170:428-34. [PMID: 26974492 PMCID: PMC9125406 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), specifically intrauterine devices and implants, offers an unprecedented opportunity to reduce unintended pregnancies among adolescents because it is highly effective even with typical use. However, adolescent LARC users may be less likely to use condoms for preventing sexually transmitted infections compared with users of moderately effective contraceptive methods (ie, oral, Depo-Provera injection, patch, and ring contraceptives). OBJECTIVE To compare condom use between sexually active female LARC users and users of moderately effective contraceptive methods. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analysis using data from the 2013 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative sample of US high school students in grades 9 through 12. Descriptive analyses were conducted among sexually active female students (n = 2288); logistic regression analyses were restricted to sexually active female users of LARC and moderately effective contraception (n = 619). The analyses were conducted in July and August 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Contraceptive method at last sexual intercourse was assessed by 1 item-respondents could select birth control pills; condoms; an intrauterine device or implant; injection, patch, or ring; withdrawal or other method; or not sure. A separate item asked whether respondents used a condom at last sexual intercourse. We created an indicator variable to distinguish those reporting use of (1) LARC (intrauterine device or implant), (2) oral contraceptives, and (3) Depo-Provera, patch, or ring. RESULTS Among the 2288 sexually active female participants (56.7% white; 33.6% in 12th grade), 1.8% used LARC; 5.7% used Depo-Provera, patch, or ring; 22.4% used oral contraceptives; 40.8% used condoms; 11.8% used withdrawal or other method; 15.7% used no contraceptive method; and 1.9% were not sure. In adjusted analyses, LARC users were about 60% less likely to use condoms compared with oral contraceptive users (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21-0.84). No significant differences in condom use were observed between LARC users and Depo-Provera injection, patch, or ring users (aPR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.26-1.25). The LARC users were more than twice as likely to have 2 or more recent sexual partners compared with oral contraceptive users (aPR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.75-3.90) and Depo-Provera, patch, or ring users (aPR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.17-5.67). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Observed differences in condom use may reflect motivations to use condoms for backup pregnancy prevention. Users of highly effective LARC methods may no longer perceive a need for condoms even if they have multiple sexual partners, which places them at risk for sexually transmitted infections. As uptake of LARC increases among adolescents, a clear need exists to incorporate messages about condom use specifically for sexually transmitted infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley J. Steiner
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicole Liddon
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrea L. Swartzendruber
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Catherine N. Rasberry
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica M. Sales
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hagues RJ, Bae D, Wickrama KKAS. Mediational pathways connecting secondary education and age at marriage to maternal mortality: A comparison between developing and developed countries. Women Health 2016; 57:189-207. [DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1159266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Joy Hagues
- Department of Social Work, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - DaYoung Bae
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Kottke M, Whiteman MK, Kraft JM, Goedken P, Wiener J, Kourtis AP, DiClemente R. Use of Dual Methods for Protection from Unintended Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Adolescent African American Women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2015; 28:543-8. [PMID: 26152648 PMCID: PMC4618263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To characterize factors associated with dual method contraceptive use in a sample of adolescent women. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of sexually active African American women aged 14-19 years who attended an urban Title X clinic in Georgia in 2012 (N = 350). Participants completed a computerized survey to assess contraceptive and condom use during the past 2 sexual encounters with their most recent partner. Dual method use was defined as use of a hormonal contraceptive or intrauterine device and a condom. We applied multinomial logistic regression, using generalized estimating equations, to examine the adjusted association between dual method use (vs use of no methods or less effective methods alone; eg, withdrawal) and select characteristics. RESULTS Dual methods were used by 20.6% of participants at last sexual intercourse and 23.6% at next to last sexual intercourse. Having a previous sexually transmitted disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-4.18), negative attitude toward pregnancy (aOR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.19-4.28), and a mother who gave birth as a teen (aOR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.21-4.52) were associated with higher odds of dual method use. Having no health insurance (aOR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18-0.82), 4 or more lifetime sexual partners (aOR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22-0.78), sex at least weekly (aOR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29-0.99), and agreeing to monogamy with the most recent partner (aOR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.16-0.96) were associated with decreased odds of dual method use. CONCLUSION Dual method use was uncommon in our sample. Efforts to increase use of dual methods should address individual and relationship factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kottke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Maura K Whiteman
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joan Marie Kraft
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peggy Goedken
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey Wiener
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Athena P Kourtis
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ralph DiClemente
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
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Victor EC, Chung R, Thompson RJ. Identifying Adolescent Patients at Risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections: Development of a Brief Sexual Health Screening Survey. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2015; 54:878-87. [PMID: 25527529 DOI: 10.1177/0009922814563273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between survey responses to health behaviors, personality/psychosocial factors, and self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to create a brief survey to identify youth at risk for contracting STIs. Participants included 200 racially diverse 14- to 18-year-old patients from a pediatric primary care clinic. Two sexual behavior variables and one peer norm variable were used to differentiate subgroups of individuals at risk of contracting a STI based on reported history of STIs using probability (decision tree) analyses. These items, as well as sexual orientation and having ever had oral sex, were used to create a brief sexual health screening (BSHS) survey. Each point increase in total BSHS score was associated with exponential growth in the percentage of sexually active adolescents reporting STIs. Findings suggest that the BSHS could serve as a useful tool for clinicians to quickly and accurately detect sexual risk among adolescent patients.
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Effective dual method contraceptive use and HPV vaccination among U.S. adolescent and young adult females. Womens Health Issues 2015; 24:543-50. [PMID: 25213746 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problem Behavior Theory posits that risky behaviors cluster in individuals, implying that protective behaviors may follow a similar pattern. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the protective behavior of effective dual method contraception use at first and most recent sexual intercourse is associated with HPV vaccination among adolescent and young adult females. METHODS National Survey of Family Growth (2006-2010) data were used to examine the association between women's contraception use during first and most recent sexual intercourse and HPV vaccination. Women aged 15 to 24 years (n = 1,820) served as the study sample. FINDINGS At first and last sexual intercourse, effective dual method contraception use was reported by 15.3% and 16.8% women, respectively; 27.8% reported receiving at least one dose of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Higher HPV vaccination rates were observed among dual method users at first and last sexual intercourse (36.4% and 48.2%, respectively). This trend was also observed across age groups (15-19 year olds vs. 20-24 year olds). In adjusted models, among all respondents, dual users at last sexual intercourse were significantly more likely to be vaccinated, whereas at first sexual intercourse only younger dual users were more likely to report HPV vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the protective behavior of dual method contraceptive use at first and most recent sexual intercourse may serve as a predictor of another complementary health behavior, HPV vaccination, particularly among adolescent females. More research is needed to understand behavioral clustering to design related multi-focused women's health interventions.
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Chernick LS, Schnall R, Higgins T, Stockwell MS, Castaño PM, Santelli J, Dayan PS. Barriers to and enablers of contraceptive use among adolescent females and their interest in an emergency department based intervention. Contraception 2014; 91:217-25. [PMID: 25499588 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over 15 million adolescents, many at high risk for pregnancy, use emergency departments (EDs) in the United States annually, but little is known regarding reasons for failure to use contraceptives in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers to and enablers of contraceptive use among adolescent females using the ED and determine their interest in an ED-based pregnancy prevention intervention. STUDY DESIGN We conducted semistructured, open-ended interviews with females in an urban ED. Eligible females were 14-19 years old, sexually active, presenting for reproductive health complaints and at risk for pregnancy, defined as nonuse of effective (per the World Health Organization) contraception. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded based on thematic analysis. Enrollment continued until no new themes emerged. A modified Health Belief Model guided the organization of the data. RESULTS Participants (n=14) were predominantly Hispanic (93%), insured (93%) and in a sexual relationship (86%). The primary barrier to contraceptive use was perceived health risk, including effects on menstruation, weight and future fertility. Other barriers consisted of mistrust in contraceptives, ambivalent pregnancy intentions, uncertainty about the future, partner's desire for pregnancy and limited access to contraceptives. Enablers of past contraceptive use included the presence of a school-based health clinic and clear plans for the future. All participants were receptive to ED-based pregnancy prevention interventions. CONCLUSIONS The identified barriers and enablers influencing hormonal contraceptive use can be used to inform the design of future ED-based adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions. IMPLICATIONS Adolescents who visit the emergency department (ED) identify contraceptive side effects, mistrust in contraceptives, limited access, pregnancy ambivalence and partner pregnancy desires as barriers to hormonal contraception use. They expressed interest in an ED-based intervention to prevent adolescent pregnancy; such an intervention could target these themes to maximize effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Chernick
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, United States.
| | - Rebecca Schnall
- Department of Nursing, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, United States
| | - Tracy Higgins
- Department of Nursing, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, United States
| | - Melissa S Stockwell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, United States; Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, United States
| | - Paula M Castaño
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, United States
| | - John Santelli
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, United States; Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, United States
| | - Peter S Dayan
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, United States
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Higgins JA, Smith NK, Sanders SA, Schick V, Herbenick D, Reece M, Dodge B, Fortenberry JD. Dual method use at last sexual encounter: a nationally representative, episode-level analysis of US men and women. Contraception 2014; 90:399-406. [PMID: 25023473 PMCID: PMC4155004 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Male condom use in conjunction with other contraceptives increases protection against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. However, few analyses contextualize dual method use within the sexual episode, include reports from men or explore gendered patterns in reporting. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed dual method use patterns using a nationally representative dataset of 18-44 years old in the US (N=404 men, 416 women). Respondents indicated contraceptive methods used at last penile-vaginal intercourse, condom practices and relationship and sexual information about that particular partner. RESULTS More than one-in-three penile-vaginal intercourse episodes (40%) involved male condom use: 28% condom only and 12% condom plus a highly effective method. Dual method reporting did not differ significantly by gender. Among dual method users, only 59% reported condom use during the entire intercourse episode, while 35% began intercourse without one and 6% removed the condom during intercourse. A greater proportion of men than women reported incorrect use of condoms (49% versus 35%), though this difference was not statistically significant. Only 50% of dual method users reported condom use in all of their last 10 intercourse episodes. CONCLUSIONS Many people classified as "dual users" in previous studies may not be using dual methods consistently or correctly. Researchers and practitioners should inquire how and how often condoms are used when assessing and addressing dual method use. Furthermore, though men have rarely been surveyed about dual method use, they can provide consistent contraceptive estimates and may be more likely to report condom practices such as late application or early removal. IMPLICATIONS STATEMENT Many US women and men reporting dual method use also reported late application and early removal of condoms, as well as multiple condom-less prior sexual acts with that partner. Clinicians may wish to inquire how and how often clients use condoms; they may also wish to provide condom instruction and/or tips on better integrating condoms into the sexual experience with one's partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A Higgins
- Gender & Women's Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Nicole K Smith
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Vanessa Schick
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debby Herbenick
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Michael Reece
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Dodge
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - J Dennis Fortenberry
- Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Walsh JL, Fielder RL, Carey KB, Carey MP. Dual method use among a sample of first-year college women. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2014; 46:73-81. [PMID: 24684480 PMCID: PMC4201449 DOI: 10.1363/46e1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dual method use-using one protective method to reduce the risk of STDs and another to prevent pregnancy-is effective but understudied. No prior studies have employed an event-level approach to examining characteristics associated with dual method use among college women. METHODS In 12 consecutive monthly surveys conducted in 2009-2010, data on 1,843 vaginal intercourse events were collected from 296 first-year college women. Women reported on their use of condoms and hormonal contraceptives during all events. Multilevel regression analysis was used to assess associations between event-, month- and person-level characteristics and hormonal use and dual method use. RESULTS Women used hormonal contraceptives during 53% of events and condoms during 63%. Dual method use was reported 28% of the time, and only 14% of participants were consistent users of dual methods. The likelihood of dual method use was elevated when sex partners were friends as opposed to romantic partners or ex-boyfriends (odds ratios, 2.5-2.8), and among women who had received an STD diagnosis prior to college (coefficient, 2.9); it also increased with level of religiosity (0.8). Dual use was less likely when less reliable methods were used (odds ratio, 0.2) and when women reported more months of hormonal use (0.8), were older than 18 (coefficient, -4.7) and had had a greater number of partners before college (-0.3). CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of the characteristics associated with dual method use may help in the design of potential intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Walsh
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence; and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, and Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence
| | - Robyn L. Fielder
- Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, Syracuse, NY
| | - Kate B. Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Program in Public Health, and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Michael P. Carey
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence; and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, and Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence
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Tsikouras P, Vrachnis N, Grapsa A, Tsagias N, Pinidis P, Liberis A, Ammari A, Grapsas X, Galazios G, Liberis V. IUD in first-trimester abortion: immediate intrauterine contraceptive devices insertion vs delayed insertion following the next menstruation bleeding. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 290:99-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dual use of condoms with other contraceptive methods among adolescents and young women in the United States. J Adolesc Health 2014; 54:169-75. [PMID: 24074606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with dual method use (i.e., condom with hormonal contraception or an intrauterine device) among adolescents and young women in the United States. METHODS We used 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth data from 2,093 unmarried females aged 15-24 years and at risk for unintended pregnancy. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the associations between dual method use at last sex and sociodemographic, behavioral, reproductive history, and sexual behavior factors. RESULTS At last sex, 20.7% of adolescents and young women used dual methods, 34.4% used condoms alone, 29.1% used hormonal contraception or an intrauterine device alone, and 15.8% used another method or no method. Factors associated with decreased odds of dual method use versus dual method nonuse included having a previous pregnancy (aOR = .44, 95% CI .27-.69), not having health insurance coverage over the past 12 months (aOR = .41, 95% CI .19-.91), and having sex prior to age 16 (aOR = .49, 95% CI .30-.78). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dual method use is low among adolescents and young women. Adolescents and young women who may have a higher risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (e.g., those with a previous pregnancy) were less likely to use dual methods at last sex. Interventions are needed to increase the correct and consistent use of dual methods among adolescents and young women who may be at greater risk for unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
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Williams RL, Fortenberry JD. Dual use of long-acting reversible contraceptives and condoms among adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52:S29-34. [PMID: 23535054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI) continue to be significant public health problems, and adolescents are disproportionately affected by both. With national attention and funding directed toward adolescent pregnancy prevention, promotion of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use among adolescents is both timely and relevant. However, LARCs provide no protection against STIs, requiring dual-method use of both LARC and barrier methods, most commonly the male latex condom, to address these issues simultaneously. Rates of both LARC and dual-method contraception are low in the United States, but have increased in recent years. Dual-method contraception is highest among younger women and adolescents with multiple or new sex partners. Consistent condom use remains a major barrier to dual-method use, as it necessitates admission of STI risk by both partners, and use is dependent upon two decision-makers rather than a single contraceptive user. Promoting the initiation and maintenance of LARC and condom use across multiple partnered sexual encounters requires understanding of individual, dyadic, and social influences. Successful maintenance of contraceptive and STI prevention behaviors requires individualized, longitudinal reinforcement, and social supports, but can ultimately reduce the burden of unintended pregnancy and STI among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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Smith JL, Fenwick J, Skinner R, Hallet J, Merriman G, Marshall L. Sex, condoms and sexually transmissible infections: a qualitative study of sexual health in young Australian men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2012; 41:487-495. [PMID: 20830513 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-010-9664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Young males have a key role in shaping contraceptive use in a sexual relationship, yet often remain the invisible partner in safe sex promotion. This article describes a conceptual model of STI risk and condom use based on the perceptions and experiences of condom use in a group of young Australian males. An explorative descriptive design was used to conceptualize participants' condom use histories into an organized description of behavior. Forty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of males aged 15 to 25 years over an 18 month period. A sequential analytical process of data immersion, coding, and category generation was used to identify personal meanings, motivations, and contextual factors associated with condom use and non-use. Three primary discourses associated with young males' perceptions of STI risk and responding approach to condom use constructed personal commitment to sexual safety as dynamic, context-dependent, and outcome-driven (pregnancy versus STIs as the primary motivator of condom use). A regretful discourse associated with experiences of, or suspected unwanted outcomes, also emerged through changes in risk appraisals and safe sex intentions and behavior. Interventions to increase condom use should go beyond the traditional focus on risky behavior and disease prevention frameworks by addressing the contextual influences on personal risk appraisals and deliver innovative messages to reduce negative social meanings associated with condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Smith
- School of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, 6014, Australia.
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Correlates of dual-method contraceptive use: an analysis of the National Survey Of Family Growth (2006-2008). Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2012; 2012:717163. [PMID: 22505799 PMCID: PMC3296176 DOI: 10.1155/2012/717163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To analyze a nationally representative sample of women for correlates of dual-contraceptive-method use. Materials and Methods. We conducted an analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth, 2006–2008, a cross-sectional survey of reproductive-aged women in the United States. Results. Dual method use was reported by 7.3% of the 5,178 women in the sample. Correlates of higher rates of dual-contraceptive-method use included age younger than 36 years and nonmarried marital status. Lower rates of dual method use were observed for women with less than a high-school education and women without consistent health insurance in the past year. Compared to women using oral contraceptives, use of the contraceptive injection or long-acting reversible contraception was associated with lower dual-method use. Conclusions. The overall rate of dual-method use in the USA is low. Future interventions to promote dual method use should target high-risk groups with modifiable risk factors.
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Carter MW, Hock-Long L, Kraft JM, Henry-Moss D, Hatfield-Timajchy K, Singer M. Strategies for managing the dual risk of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy among Puerto Rican and African American young adults. Am J Public Health 2012; 102:449-56. [PMID: 22390507 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Although young adults in the United States are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancy, they do not report high rates of dual-method use (condoms plus other contraception) for prevention. We used prospective qualitative data from 69 urban Puerto Rican and African American individuals aged 18 to 25 years to determine how they managed these risks in their heterosexual relationships during a 4- to 8-week period. Hormonal or long-acting contraceptive use, condoms, and withdrawal were the most common unintended pregnancy prevention strategies; condoms, STI testing, and perceived fidelity were dominant among STI prevention strategies. We need to shift the focus from dual-method use toward a broader concept of dual protection to be more responsive to young adults' concerns, perceptions, and priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion W Carter
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Higgins JA, Cooper AD. Dual use of condoms and contraceptives in the USA. Sex Health 2012; 9:73-80. [DOI: 10.1071/sh11004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Use of condoms in conjunction with other contraceptive methods has multiple benefits: prevention of unintended pregnancy, protection against sexually transmissible infections (STI), and sequentially, defence against the threat of infertility. However, few reviews compare dual method use prevalence or trends or systematically review the facilitators and barriers of dual method use across multiple studies. Methods: The authors review the literature on trends and covariates of dual method use in the USA among both nationally representative and smaller samples. Results: Although dual method use prevalence estimates vary widely across study populations, nationally representative estimates are consistently lower than Western European countries, who in turn report lower rates of unintended pregnancies and STI. The majority of published work on dual method use focuses on adolescents. Prior studies have associated dual method use with a range of individual-level factors: socio-demographic variables, such as younger age; STI risk behaviours and risk perception; relationship variables, such as number of partners, relationship length, and partner support of condoms; and educational factors, such as prior exposure to HIV prevention messages. Conclusions: Although dual method use appears to be on the rise, especially among adolescents and young adults, US rates are comparatively low and leave much room for improvement. This review identifies several populations most in need of intervention. However, we encourage public health practitioners to evolve beyond individual-level studies and interventions to focus on the relational, socio-cultural, and structural influences on dual method use. Dual use promotion programs and policies should also equally target men and women, adolescents and adults.
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O'Leary A. Are dual-method messages undermining STI/HIV prevention? Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2011; 2011:691210. [PMID: 22144850 PMCID: PMC3227437 DOI: 10.1155/2011/691210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent girls and young women who are at risk for unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI), including HIV, are frequently counseled to use a hormonal contraceptive to protect against the former and condoms to protect against the latter, for example, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2011. The present paper reviews the literature on multiple risk messages, compliance with this dual-use recommendation, predictors of dual use, and interventions developed to encourage dual use. Data indicate that simultaneous use of these two methods is not common, and that efforts to encourage dual use have not yielded promising results. An alternative is to recommend condom use alone, since condoms protect very well against STI and HIV, and quite well against pregnancy when used consistently and correctly. The availability of emergency contraception is relevant here. Research utilizing a randomized controlled trial is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann O'Leary
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Pack RP, Li X, Stanton BF, Cottrell LA. Psychosocial Correlates of Dual Methods for Contraception and STI Protection in Urban Adolescents. ISRN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2011; 2011:469610. [PMID: 22111018 PMCID: PMC3205672 DOI: 10.5402/2011/469610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To identify correlates of combined hormonal contraception and condom use (dual method use) compared with no methods, condoms only or hormonal contraception only. Data are from a baseline assessment of 335 youth (52% female) enrolled in an intervention trial. Multinomial logistic regression identified theory-based factors associated with dual method use. At last intercourse 47% of respondents used dual methods, 29% condom only, 14% hormonal contraception only, and 10% no methods. No method users were less likely than dual-method users to feel "dirty" about pregnancy, to have ask about historical condom use, to have more than two partners, to view condom use as normative for boys and more likely to perceive pregnancy risk as remote. Hormonal-contraception-only users were more likely to have sex weekly and perceive sex as pleasurable for girls, and less likely to view condom use as normative for boys and to ask a partner to use a condom. Condom-only users were more likely to perceive pregnancy chance as remote, and less likely to have more than two partners and to want peers to think they were virgins. Interventions should include benefits of dual methods while counseling about the negative impact of STI and unplanned teen pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Pack
- Department of Community Health, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 70623, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Prevention Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Bonita F. Stanton
- Prevention Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lesley A. Cottrell
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Bourdeau B, Grube JW, Bersamin MM, Fisher DA. The role of beliefs in sexual behavior of adolescents: Development and validation of an Adolescent Sexual Expectancies Scale (ASEXS). JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2011; 21:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00697.x. [PMID: 24288448 PMCID: PMC3840424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the development and psychometric properties of the Adolescent Sexual Expectancies Scale (ASEXS). Data were obtained from three annual longitudinal surveys of youth aged 10 - 17 at the first administration (N = 932 at Wave 3). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that four correlated factors corresponding to Social Risk, Social Benefit, Health Risk, and Pleasure adequately represented the expectancy items. High alpha coefficients and stability across survey waves indicated good internal and test-retest reliability for these factors. Latent variable autoregressive analyses indicated that Social Risk expectancies predicted changes in sexual behavior over the course of the study. Multi-group analyses established that the measurement and predictive models were equivalent for males and females and across age groups. The ASEXS provides researchers with a useful measure for examining adolescents' expectancy beliefs about the consequences of sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Bourdeau
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 450, Berkeley, CA 94704
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Terrell LR, Tanner AE, Hensel DJ, Blythe MJ, Fortenberry JD. Acceptability of the vaginal contraceptive ring among adolescent women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2011; 24:204-10. [PMID: 21454109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Although underutilized, the vaginal contraceptive ring has several advantages over other contraceptive methods that could benefit adolescents. We examined factors that may influence willingness to try the vaginal ring including: sexual and contraceptive history, genital comfort, and vaginal ring characteristics. DESIGN Cross sectional SETTING Midwestern adolescent health clinics PARTICIPANTS Adolescent women (N = 200; 14-18 years; 89% African-American) INTERVENTIONS/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All participants received education about the vaginal ring and viewed pictures demonstrating insertion; they then completed a visual/audio computer-assisted self interview. The primary outcome variable, willingness to try the vaginal ring, was a single Likert-scale item. RESULTS Over half the participants reported knowledge of the vaginal ring with healthcare providers identified as the most important source of contraceptive information. Comfort with one's genitals, insertion and removal, using alternative methods of insertion, and knowing positive method characteristics were significantly associated with willingness to try the vaginal ring. A decreased willingness to try the vaginal ring was related to concerns of the ring getting lost inside or falling out of the vagina. CONCLUSIONS Willingness to try the ring was associated with positive feelings about genitals (e.g., comfort with appearance, hygiene, function). Thus, to increase willingness to try the vaginal ring among adolescents, providers should make it common practice to discuss basic female reproductive anatomy, raise awareness about female genital health and address concerns about their genitals. Providers can offer alternative insertion techniques (e.g., gloves) to make use more accessible. These strategies may increase vaginal ring use among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekeisha R Terrell
- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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Predictors of unprotected intercourse for female adolescents measured at their request for a pregnancy test. J Pediatr Nurs 2011; 26:216-23. [PMID: 21601145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of unprotected intercourse in a sample of female adolescents requesting pregnancy testing. A survey was completed by 305 adolescents at a clinic visit. The dependent variable, unprotected sexual intercourse, was measured by self-reported frequency of condom use. Significant variables in the final regression model predicting condom nonuse included current partner's age, frequency of sexual activity, race, age at menarche, time dating, resiliency, reproductive knowledge, and fertility fear. Fertility fears were identified as a possible motivator for unprotected intercourse, an important finding for health care professionals providing care to adolescents.
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Bearinger LH, Sieving RE, Duke NN, McMorris BJ, Stoddard S, Pettingell SL. Adolescent condom use consistency over time: global versus partner-specific measures. Nurs Res 2011; 60:S68-78. [PMID: 21543964 PMCID: PMC3205998 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0b013e318217145c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conundrum of measuring condom use consistency, particularly with adolescents, has left researchers with a cacophony of strategies, thereby limiting comparability and interpretation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this analysis was to compare and contrast two measures of condom use consistency, global versus partner specific, and their relationships with key covariates, using trajectory groups differentiated by stability of condom use consistency over three time points. METHOD Using self-report data from sexually active girls (aged 13-17 years) in a clinic-based intervention study aimed at lowering risk for early pregnancy, this analysis compared two measures of self-reported condom use consistency: (a) a global measure: overall condom use consistency in the past 6 months and (b) a partner-specific measure: condom use consistency with the most recent sex partner in the last 6 months. Using a subjective rule-based approach, the adolescent girls in the study (n = 151) were classified into trajectory groups representing their condom use consistency at three time points (baseline and 6 and 12 months). Then, using bivariate methods, trajectory groups were compared on four baseline covariates (age, treatment condition, hormonal use in the last 6 months, and number of sex partners in the last 6 months) and three time-varying covariates measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months (hormonal use stability, stability of primary sex partner, and stability of number of sex partners). RESULTS For the trajectory groups formed using the global measure of condom use consistency, stability of the primary sex partner differed significantly between trajectory groups. For the partner-specific trajectory groups, two baseline and one time-varying covariate relationships were significant: hormonal use in the 6 months prior to baseline, number of sex partners in the past 6 months (baseline), and stability of the primary sex partner (time varying), with hormonal use stability (time varying) trending toward significance. DISCUSSION The larger number of significant covariate relationships with the partner-specific trajectory groups suggests greater utility in assessing partner-linked behavior rather than a global measure. Despite limitations of the analytic strategy, this study sheds light on a measurement conundrum that has been an obstacle to comparing and contrasting indicators of condom use consistency during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda H Bearinger
- School of Nursing and Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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40
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Mon MM, Liabsuetrakul T. Predictors of contraceptive use among married youths and their husbands in a rural area of Myanmar. Asia Pac J Public Health 2010; 24:151-60. [PMID: 20829275 DOI: 10.1177/1010539510381918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the predictors of contraceptive use among married female youths and their husbands using the behavioral theory of the Health Belief Model (HBM). A community-based survey was conducted in a rural area of Myanmar in 2008. A total of 444 respondents (222 couples) were interviewed separately using a pretested, structured questionnaire. Significant predictors of contraceptive use were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Wife's HBM perception was a highly significant predictor of contraceptive use in married youths (adjusted odds ratio = 10; 95% confidence interval = 2.7, 37.6). Wives aged 20 to 24 years and having their own income, experience of spousal communication, and shorter distance from home to health center were also significant predictors of contraceptive use. A poor agreement on HBM perception between wife and husband was noted. This study highlights the importance of HBM perceptions, wife's income, spousal communication, and geographic barriers in contraceptive use among married youths in rural Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo-Myo Mon
- Medical Statistics Division, Yangon, Myanmar
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Sharif I, Blank AE. Relationship between child health literacy and body mass index in overweight children. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2010; 79:43-48. [PMID: 19716255 PMCID: PMC2839034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2009.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the relationship between child health literacy and body mass index (BMI) Z-score in overweight children. METHODS Cross-sectional survey of overweight children and parents. Parent and child health literacy was measured by the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy (STOFHLA). Linear regression tested for predictors of childhood BMI Z-score, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS Of 171 total children, 107 (62%) participated, of whom 78 (73%) had complete data for analysis. Mean child BMI Z-score (SD) was 2.3 (0.40); median child age (interquartile range) was 11.5 (10-16); 53% were female; 80% were Medicaid recipients. Mean child STOFHLA was 22.9 (9.0); mean parental STOFHLA was 29.1 (8.6). Child STOFHLA correlated negatively with BMI Z-score (r=-0.37, p=0.0009) and positively with child eating self-efficacy (r=0.40, p<0.0001). After adjusting for confounders, child STOFHLA was independently associated with child BMI Z-score (standardized B=-0.43, p<0.0001). Overall adjusted r-squared for the regression model was 38%. Child STOFHLA contributed 13% to the overall model. CONCLUSIONS Child health literacy was negatively correlated with BMI Z-scores in overweight children, suggesting the need to consider health literacy in the intersection between self-efficacy and behavior change when planning interventions that aim to improve child BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Sharif
- General Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
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Gloppen KM, David-Ferdon C, Bates J. Confidence as a predictor of sexual and reproductive health outcomes for youth. J Adolesc Health 2010; 46:S42-58. [PMID: 20172459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.11.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 11/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association between four positive youth development (PYD) constructs of confidence and adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) outcomes. METHODS We searched nine online databases to locate behavioral research that examined the association between four constructs of confidence (belief in the future, self-determination, clear and positive identity, and self-efficacy) and ASRH outcomes (e.g., ever had sex, condom use, contraception use, number of partners, pregnancy/birth, and sexually transmitted infection). Findings were coded as "protective," "risk," or "no association." The presence of at least two longitudinal studies reporting consistent significant associations for at least one ASRH outcome indicated evidence for a protective or risk association. RESULTS We found evidence to support two of the four PYD constructs of confidence (belief in the future and self-determination) as protective factors for ASRH outcomes. Evidence was insufficient to draw conclusions about clear and positive identity as a protective factor, and was mixed for self-efficacy. Measures of confidence varied considerably across the studies reviewed, reflecting varying definitions; often, the measures used had limited information on reliability. Few longitudinal investigations were identified, and available studies were inconsistent in how they examined the association between the PYD constructs and ASRH outcomes. Evidence for most constructs was insufficient to identify their influence on specific sub-groups of youth. CONCLUSIONS Despite the need for additional research, this review suggests that belief in the future and self-determination are promising protective factors. Further research is needed to better understand the potential for self-efficacy and clear and positive identity as protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari M Gloppen
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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House LD, Mueller T, Reininger B, Brown K, Markham CM. Character as a predictor of reproductive health outcomes for youth: a systematic review. J Adolesc Health 2010; 46:S59-74. [PMID: 20172460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.11.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To review research examining the influence of character on adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH). We defined character as comprising two positive youth development constructs: prosocial norms and spirituality. We conducted a systematic review of behavioral research published from 1985 through 2007 that examined the association between two character constructs (prosocial norms and spirituality) and ASRH outcomes. We coded results as showing a protective association, risk association, or no association, and as longitudinal, or cross-sectional. We considered consistent associations from at least two longitudinal studies for a given outcome to be sufficient evidence for a protective or risk association. There is sufficient evidence to indicate that prosocial norms and spirituality can be protective factors for some ASRH outcomes including intention to have sex, early sex or ever having sex, contraceptive and condom use, frequency of sex, and pregnancy. The generalizability of findings by age, race/ethnicity, and gender was unclear. Findings suggest that some character sub-constructs are associated with a reduced likelihood of several adverse ASRH outcomes and with an increased likelihood of using contraceptives and intending to use condoms. Further research is needed to better understand mixed results and results showing some character sub-constructs, such as religious affiliation, to be associated with adverse ASRH outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Duane House
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Eisenberg ME, Bernat DH, Bearinger LH, Resnick MD. Condom provision and education in Minnesota public schools: a telephone survey of parents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2009; 79:416-439. [PMID: 19691716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing correct and consistent condom use among sexually active adolescents continues to be a critical public health goal, with schools serving as key agents for achieving this goal through sexuality education and condom use provision. This research aims to describe the views of parents regarding school-based condom distribution and education programs, and examines how these views differ across demographic groups. METHODS Parents of school-age children in Minnesota were surveyed in telephone interviews (N = 1605; 63% participation) regarding their beliefs about condom availability and education. Chi-square tests of significance were used to detect differences in agreement with each statement for 10 demographic and personal characteristics. RESULTS A majority of respondents held supportive views about condom availability and education programs. Strongest support centered on statements in the survey about teenagers needing information about condoms (86%) and showing actual condoms during classroom lessons (77%). Approximately two thirds of the parents agreed that school-based instruction about condoms should be "allowed" at the high school level (65%), and one fifth (21%) believed that this type of education should be "required." Support for condom availability and education programs differed significantly according to certain personal characteristics, with less supportive views from self-identified Born Again Christians and politically conservative parents. CONCLUSIONS Public discourse regarding school-based sexuality education should include the viewpoints of parents of school-aged children as key stakeholders. Parents' perspectives provide unique and critical insights that school administrators and educators should consider as they develop educational and programmatic offerings regarding condoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, 3rd floor, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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Jain RK, Jain A, Maikhuri JP, Sharma VL, Dwivedi AK, Kiran Kumar S, Mitra K, Bajpai VK, Gupta G. In vitro testing of rationally designed spermicides for selectively targeting human sperm in vagina to ensure safe contraception†. Hum Reprod 2008; 24:590-601. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rostosky SS, Dekhtyar O, Cupp PK, Anderman EM. Sexual self-concept and sexual self-efficacy in adolescents: a possible clue to promoting sexual health? JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2008; 45:277-286. [PMID: 18686156 DOI: 10.1080/00224490802204480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between sexual self-concept (sexual esteem and sexual anxiety) and sexual self-efficacy (situational and resistive) in a sample of 388 high school students (59% Caucasian, 28% African American). Males reported lower sexual esteem and lower sexual self-efficacy than females. Males and African Americans reported higher levels of sexual anxiety and lower levels of resistive self-efficacy than females and Caucasians. In regression models, higher sexual self-esteem uniquely predicted higher sexual self-efficacy scores, even after controlling for demographic variables, knowledge of sexual risk, and previous coital experience. In post hoc analyses, sexual self-esteem mediated the relation between knowledge of sexual risk and both types of sexual self-efficacy. Results suggest the need for interventions to promote male sexual self-efficacy and sexual esteem and the need for longitudinal research that explicates models of sexual health in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Scales Rostosky
- Department of Education and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0017, USA.
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