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Calabrese TM, Hamilton JG, Benton TD, Standley CJ. Suicide Prevention Takes a Nation: Collaborative Approaches to Universalize Suicide Prevention. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2024; 33:423-435. [PMID: 38823814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is a complex public health issue impacting many children and adolescents-and their families-each year, and it requires a complex public health solution. Local, state, and national collaboratives that leverage evidence-based strategies, foster community engagement, and prioritize equity are necessary to holistically address this issue. Here, the authors discuss the necessary steps for fostering inclusive community partnerships and outline the rationale for partnering with schools, youth groups, faith organizations, parent-teacher organizations, clinical settings, and professional organizations, as well as collaborating with the juvenile justice and child welfare systems and working together to foster suicide prevention policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha M Calabrese
- American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, Programs, 199 Water Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10038, USA.
| | - Julie Gorzkowski Hamilton
- American Academy of Pediatrics, Healthy Mental Development, 345 Park Boulevard, Itasca, IL 60143, USA
| | - Tami D Benton
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3440 Market Street, Suite. 400, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Corbin J Standley
- American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, Impact Measurement, 199 Water Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10038, USA. https://twitter.com/CorbinStandley
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Grabbe L, Duva I, Jackson D, Johnson R, Schwartz D. The impact of the Community Resiliency Model (CRM) on the mental well-being of youth at risk for violence: A study protocol. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 46:121-126. [PMID: 37813494 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assess the effect of a brief, somatic awareness resiliency training, the Community Resiliency Model (CRM)®, on the mental well-being of incarcerated youth. SPECIFIC AIM 1: Explore the relationship between youth demographics and justice history to baseline well-being scores and response to treatment. Q1: How do personal variables, including length of time in juvenile justice, relate to baseline mental health scores and response to the wellness skills intervention? SPECIFIC AIM 2: Examine the mental health scores over time to determine effectiveness of participating in CRM training while incarcerated. Hypothesis 1: Well-being scores will increase after CRM training. Hypothesis 2: Emotional distress will decrease after participating in a CRM training. Hypothesis 3: Pro-social feelings and behaviors will increase after participating in a CRM training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grabbe
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | - Ingrid Duva
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Douglas Jackson
- Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice, United States of America
| | - Rufus Johnson
- Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice, United States of America
| | - David Schwartz
- Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice, United States of America
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Yule AM, Fernandes CSF, Stormshak EA, Yang Y, Shelley L, Fiellin LE, Larkin K, Ridenour TA, Saavedra LM, Kelleher K, Feng X, Walton MA, Bonar EE. Multidisciplinary Strategies for Preventing Opioid Misuse and Escalation by Targeting Mental Health Symptoms and Conditions. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:77-87. [PMID: 37266870 PMCID: PMC10236392 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We aim to review the association between childhood-onset mental health conditions and increased risk for early substance use including opioid misuse and opioid use disorders (OUD). The association between mental health conditions and opioid misuse suggests youth with mental health conditions may benefit from opioid prevention efforts that concurrently address mental health. To aid in the identification of youth with mental health conditions who could benefit from interventions, we will review opportunities and challenges associated with screening for mental health symptoms or substance use in settings where youth at high risk for mental health conditions present. We will also review how research projects within the National Institutes of Health's Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) Prevention Cooperative are addressing mental health within opioid misuse and OUD prevention interventions for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Yule
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | | | | | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Lillyan Shelley
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Lynn E Fiellin
- Yale Center for Health and Learning Games, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaitlin Larkin
- Yale Center for Health and Learning Games, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ty A Ridenour
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kelly Kelleher
- Center for Innovation in Pediatric Practice, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xin Feng
- Center for Innovation in Pediatric Practice, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maureen A Walton
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Center, and Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin E Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Center, and Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Lang JM, Lange BCL, Connell CM, Duran T. The feasibility and utility of trauma screening for children involved in the juvenile justice system. J Trauma Stress 2023; 36:861-872. [PMID: 37399118 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Childhood exposure to potentially traumatic events and adversity is highly prevalent and linked to adverse outcomes. Many children suffering from symptoms related to traumatic stress are not identified or do not receive appropriate trauma-focused treatment, including evidence-based treatments. Trauma screening is a promising strategy to improve identification, but many child-serving staff members have concerns about asking youth and caregivers about trauma. This study aimed to describe staff perceptions about the feasibility, utility, and potential for distress associated with trauma screening. Between 2014 and 2019, the Child Trauma Screen was used in 1,272 trauma screenings completed by juvenile probation officers or mental health clinicians as part of routine practice with youth in the juvenile justice system. Further, 1,190 caregiver reports about youth trauma were completed for youth in the juvenile justice system. Staff completed a brief postscreening survey about the feasibility and utility of the screening and the perceived level of child or caregiver distress. Across staff roles, trauma screening was deemed to be feasible and worthwhile to practice, with very few staff members reporting that children or caregivers appeared very uncomfortable as a result of screening, although some differences in feasibility and utility by staff role did occur. Trauma screening measures appear to be useful and practical in juvenile justice settings when appropriate support is provided, including when administered by nonclinical staff. Nonclinical staff may benefit from additional training, consultation, or support with trauma screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Lang
- Child Health and Development Institute of Connecticut, Inc., Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brittany C L Lange
- Child Health and Development Institute of Connecticut, Inc., Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christian M Connell
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Child Maltreatment Solutions Network, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tracy Duran
- Court Support Services Division, Connecticut Judicial Branch, Rocky Hill, Connecticut, USA
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Plant A, Schladale J, Neffa-Creech D, Qaragholi N, Miller M, Montoya J. Development, acceptability, and perceived effectiveness of a trauma-informed adolescent self-regulation intervention. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2023; 97:102232. [PMID: 36706538 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Youth who have experienced trauma often face challenges with self-regulation and can have diminished health outcomes, including those related to sexual and reproductive health. We developed a 12-session blended e-learning intervention for youth involved in juvenile justice systems to encourage healthy sexual decision-making by improving self-regulation skills. This paper describes the development of the program, e-Practice Self-Regulation, as well as an assessment of program acceptability and perceived effectiveness among youth participants. Data were collected using a feedback survey from youth who both completed (n = 95) and did not complete (n = 80) the intervention. Program acceptability was high among all participants, and over 70 % of both completers and non-completers would recommend e-Practice Self-Regulation to peers. Youth reported positive interactions with facilitators and described sessions as helpful, interesting, and educational. The most common criticism was online session length. A majority in both groups reported perceived effectiveness related to sexual health and self-regulation, which increased with more sessions completed. Results suggest e-Practice Self-Regulation is acceptable to youth participants, who reported learning skills necessary for self-regulation and sexual health and intended to use these skills to avoid unplanned pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Plant
- Sentient Research, 231 N Walnuthaven Drive, West Covina, CA 91790, USA.
| | - Joann Schladale
- Resources for Resolving Violence, Inc., 28 Marshview Drive, Freeport, ME 04032, USA
| | | | - Noor Qaragholi
- The Policy & Research Group, 8434 Oak Street, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Melissa Miller
- The Policy & Research Group, 8434 Oak Street, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Jorge Montoya
- Sentient Research, 231 N Walnuthaven Drive, West Covina, CA 91790, USA
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Dissecting early life stress-induced adolescent depression through epigenomic approach. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:141-153. [PMID: 36517640 PMCID: PMC9812796 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS), such as abuse and neglect during childhood, can lead to psychiatric disorders in later life. Previous studies have suggested that ELS can cause profound changes in gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, which can lead to psychiatric disorders in adulthood; however, studies on epigenetic modifications associated with ELS and psychiatric disorders in adolescents are limited. Moreover, how these epigenetic modifications can lead to psychiatric disorders in adolescents is not fully understood. Commonly, DNA methylation, histone modification, and the regulation of noncoding RNAs have been attributed to the reprogramming of epigenetic profiling associated with ELS. Although only a few studies have attempted to examine epigenetic modifications in adolescents with ELS, existing evidence suggests that there are commonalities and differences in epigenetic profiling between adolescents and adults. In addition, epigenetic modifications are sex-dependent and are influenced by the type of ELS. In this review, we have critically evaluated the current evidence on epigenetic modifications in adolescents with ELS, particularly DNA methylation and the expression of microRNAs in both preclinical models and humans. We have also clarified the impact of ELS on psychiatric disorders in adolescents to predict the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and to prevent and recover these disorders through personalized medicine.
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Baker D, Rice S, Purcell R. The case for a diversion option to trauma-informed community-based primary mental health services for young people following early encounters with police. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:1163-1167. [PMID: 36192362 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is a convergence between the peak age of onset of mental illness, offending behaviour and associated risk of crime victimization. This study compared self-reported childhood maltreatment and mental health outcomes among a cohort of help-seeking young people who disclosed either a prior criminal charge, crime victimization, or both, to those who did not report any such experiences. The outcomes may inform the development of a diversion option for young people at a first or early encounter with police. METHODS The Transitions Study (N = 802; mean age = 18.3 years; 66% female) baseline and 12-month follow-up data were analysed in relation to childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and changes in mental health (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale) among young people attending headspace centres in Australia. Outcomes were compared between those young people reporting a prior criminal charge and/or crime victimization and those who did not. RESULTS Young people who reported a prior criminal charge or crime victimization reported higher frequency and severity of childhood maltreatment, than those who did not. Both groups reported a reduction in psychological distress following youth mental health service access at 12-month follow-up, however functional improvement was only evident for young people who did not report a prior criminal charge or crime victimization. CONCLUSIONS Higher rates of reported childhood maltreatment and reduced psychological distress following service access supports trialling a diversion option to a trauma-informed community-based primary mental health service for young people following an early encounter with police.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baker
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosemary Purcell
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Purtle J, Nelson KL, Lengnick‐Hall R, Horwitz SMC, Palinkas LA, McKay MM, Hoagwood KE. Inter-agency collaboration is associated with increased frequency of research use in children's mental health policy making. Health Serv Res 2022; 57:842-852. [PMID: 35285023 PMCID: PMC9264471 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the self-report frequency of inter-agency collaboration about children's mental health issues is associated with the self-report frequency of using research evidence in children's mental health policy and program decision making in mental health agencies (MHAs). DATA SOURCES Primary data were collected through web-based surveys of state (N = 221) and county (N = 117) MHA officials. DESIGN The primary independent variable was a composite score quantifying the frequency of collaboration about children's mental health issues between officials in MHAs and six other state agencies. The dependent variables were composite scores quantifying the frequency of research use in children's mental health policy and program decision making in general and for specific purposes (i.e., conceptual, instrumental, tactical, imposed). Covariates were composite scores quantifying well-established determinants of research use (e.g., agency leadership, research use skills) in agency policy and program decision making. DATA METHODS Separate multiple linear regression models estimated associations between frequency of inter-agency collaboration and research use scores, adjusting for other determinants of research use, respondent state, and other covariates. Data from state and county officials were analyzed separately. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The frequency of inter-agency collaboration was positively and independently associated with the frequency of research use in children's mental health policy making among state (β = 0.22, p = 0.004) and county (β = 0.39, p < 0.0001) MHA officials. Inter-agency collaboration was also the only variable significantly associated with the frequency of research use for all four specific purposes among state MHA officials, and similar findings we observed among county MHA officials. The magnitudes of associations between inter-agency collaboration and frequency of research use were generally stronger than for more well-established determinants of research use in policy making. CONCLUSIONS Strategies that promote collaboration between MHA officials and external agencies could increase the use of research evidence in children's mental health policy and program decision making in MHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Purtle
- Department of Public Health Policy & ManagementSchool of Global Public Health, Global Center for Implementation Science, New York UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Katherine L. Nelson
- Department of Health Management and PolicyDrexel University Dornsife School of Public HealthPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Sarah Mc Cue Horwitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Lawrence A. Palinkas
- Suzanne Dworak‐Peck School of Social WorkUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mary M. McKay
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown SchoolSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Kimberly E. Hoagwood
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Meza JI, Snyder S, Shanholtz C. Equitable suicide prevention for youth impacted by the juvenile legal system. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:994514. [PMID: 36387003 PMCID: PMC9640731 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.994514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for adolescents in the United States. Despite the already alarmingly high rates of suicide attempts among adolescents, youth involved in the juvenile legal system (JLS) are up to three times more likely to have suicide attempts than their peers not impacted by the JLS. This public health crisis is also a matter of health equity, knowing that ethnoracially minoritized youth, mainly Black and Latinx youth, have disproportionate contact with the JLS. In order to disrupt the current elevated rates of suicide among Black and Latinx youth involved in the JLS, there needs to be more concerted efforts to improve assessment and suicide prevention efforts in the JLS. There are various potential touch points of care for suicide prevention and the Sequential Intercept Model (SIM), which outlines community-based responses to the involvement of people with mental and substance use disorders in the criminal justice system, can be used as a strategic planning tool to outline possible equitable interventions across these various touch points. Our purpose is to provide a comprehensive picture of gaps and equitable opportunities for suicide prevention across each intercept of the SIM. We provide recommendations of priorities to promote health equity in suicide prevention for ethnoracially minoritized youth impacted by the JLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn I Meza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sean Snyder
- Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania Hospital, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Caroline Shanholtz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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